ISSN 1025-7330 BANGLADESH RICE JOURNAL BANGLADESH RICE JOURNAL BANGLADESH RICE JOURNAL VOL. 21 NO. 2 (SPECIAL ISSUE) DECEMBER 2017 The Bangladesh Rice Journal is published in June and December by the Bangladesh Rice Research Institute (BRRI). The journal is a peer reviewed one based on original Theme : Cropping Patterns of Bangladesh research related to rice science. The manuscript should be less than eight printed journal pages or about 12 type written pages. An article submitted to the Bangladesh Rice Journal must not have been published in or accepted for publication by any other journal. DECEMBER 2017 ISSUE) NO. 2 (SPECIAL VOL. 21 Changes of address should be informed immediately. Claims for copies, which failed to reach the paid subscribers must be informed to the Chief Editor within three months of the publication date. Authors will be asked to modify the manuscripts according to the comments of the reviewers and send back two corrected copies and the original copy together to the Chief Editor within the specified time, failing of which the paper may not be printed in the current issue of the journal. BRJ: Publication no.: 263; 2000 copies BANGLADESH RICE RESEARCH INSTITUTE Published by the Director General, Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Gazipur 1701, Bangladesh GAZIPUR 1701, BANGLADESH Printed by Swasti Printers, 25/1, Nilkhet, Babupura, Dhaka 1205 ISSN 1025-7330 BANGLADESH RICE JOURNAL VOL. 21 NO. 2 (SPECIAL ISSUE) DECEMBER 2017 Editorial Board Chief Editor Dr Md Shahjahan Kabir Executive Editors Dr Md Ansar Ali Dr Tamal Lata Aditya Associate Editors Dr Krishna Pada Halder Dr Md Abdul Latif Dr Abhijit Shaha Dr Munnujan Khanam Dr AKM Saiful Islam M A Kashem PREFACE Bangladesh Rice Journal acts as an official focal point for the delivery of scientific findings related to rice research. It invites scientific write-up from the personnel involved in research and extension both at national and international level. In Bangladesh about 75% of the land is covered by rice, and rice is cultivated in different cropping patterns in a yearly sequence with temporal and spatial arrangement of other crops. Detailed information on country-wide cropping systems is a prime need for prioritization research and development activities to enhance agricultural growth of Bangladesh. To generate information of this vital issue the researchers of Rice Farming Systems Division of BRRI conducted a country-wide survey and verified the collected data through stakeholders consultation workshop arranged in 64 districts of Bangladesh. Huge information was generated on crops and cropping patterns at each and every upazila (Administrative unit) as well as on its national level. A special issue of Bangladesh Rice Journal has been dedicated to compile this information with a thematic area ‘cropping patterns of Bangladesh’. As usually all the manuscripts were peer reviewed and overviewed. This issue includes 15 articles. However, all the articles are interlinked. The first one presents overall scenario about crops and cropping systems in Bangladesh focussing on district-wise data. Each of the rest 14 articles describes the cropping systems of an individual agricultural region of the country with upazila- wise elaborate information. It is expected that this special issue of Bangladesh Rice Journal will be an excellent source of references on crops and cropping patterns of Bangladesh and will meet up the deep- felt requirements of farmers, extension personnel, researchers and policy makers as well. One of the objectives of Sustainable Development Goal is to double the productivity of agricultural sector by 2030. We hope to achieve the target this piece of work would serve as a milestone in the history of agricultural research in Bangladesh. Dr Md Shahjahan Kabir Chief Editor, Bangladesh Rice J. and Director General, BRRI BANGLADESH RICE JOURNAL (Bangladesh Rice J.) ISSN 1025-7330 VOL. 21 NO. 2 (SPECIAL ISSUE) DECEMBER 2017 CONTENTS 1 M Nasim, S M Shahidullah, A Saha, M A Muttaleb, T L Aditya, M A Ali and M S Kabir. Distribution of Crops and Cropping Patterns in Bangladesh 57 M Ibrahim, M A U Zaman, A B M Mostafizur and S M Shahidullah. Diversity of Crops and Land Use Pattern in Barisal Region 73 A B M J Islam, S M Shahidullah, A B M Mostafizur and A Saha. Diversity of Cropping Pattern in Bogra 91 A Saha, M Nasim, M Harunur Rashid and S M Shahidullah. Crop Diversity and Cropping Patterns of Comilla Region 109 S M Shahidullah, M Nasim, M K Quais and A Saha. Diversity of Cropping Systems in Chittagong Region 123 N Parvin, A Khatun, M K Quais and M Nasim. Cropping Pattern, Intensity and Diversity in Dhaka Region 143 B J Shirazy, A B M J Islam, M M R Dewan and S M Shahidullah. Crops and Cropping Systems in Dinajpur Region 157 A B M Mostafizur, M A U Zaman, S M Shahidullah and M Nasim. Diversity of Cropping Patterns and Land Use Practices in Faridpur Region 173 M K Quais, M Harunur Rashid, S M Shahidullah and M Nasim. Crops and Cropping Sequences in Chittagong Hill Tracts 185 M M R Dewan, M Harun Ar Rashid, M Nasim and S M Shahidullah. Diversity of Crops and Cropping Systems in Jessore Region 203 M Harunur Rashid, B J Shirazy, M Ibrahim and S M Shahidullah. Cropping Systems and their Diversity in Khulna Region 217 A Khatun, N Parvin, M M R Dewan and A Saha. Cropping Patterns in Mymensingh Region: Diversity, Constraint and Potential 237 M Harun Ar Rashid, A B M J Islam, B J Shirazy and S M Shahidullah. Cropping Systems and Land Use Pattern in Rajshahi Region 255 M A U Zaman, S Pramanik, N Parvin and A Khatun. Crop Diversification in Rangpur Region 273 M A Muttaleb, S M Shahidullah, M Nasim and A Saha. Cropping Systems and Land Use in Sylhet Region Bangladesh Rice J. 21 (2) : 1-55, 2017 Distribution of Crops and Cropping Patterns in Bangladesh M Nasim1, S M Shahidullah1*, A Saha1, M A Muttaleb1, T L Aditya2, M A Ali2 and M S Kabir3 ABSTRACT Agricultural land use and distribution of cultivated crops expressed in cropping pattern (CP) constitute the base for increasing produtivity. An in-depth study was conducted on the existing CPs of Bangladesh in each and every upazila (sub-districts) using semi structured questionnaire and data validation by the stakeholder consultation workshop conducted in each of 64 districts. Three hundred and sixteen CPs were identified throughout Bangladesh excluding the very minor ones. Topmost five CPs were only rice containing CPs, which covered 51% of the net cropped area. The most dominant CP was Boro- Fallow-T. Aman covering 27% of net cropped area. Results on major cropwise CPs, location-wise CPs, CP diversity and crop diversity etc are also presented herein. Key words: Land use, cropping pattern, cropping intensity, crop diversity index INTRODUCTION dependency on absolute agriculture, 45% of the total labour forces of the country and 16% Bangladesh, an agriculture dominating of GDP have to rely directly on agriculture country, belongs to the greatest delta (Ganga- (Anonymous, 2016a). Beside the crop Brahmaputra and Sundarbans) of the world coverage, the agricultural land is occupied by criss-crossed by thousands of rivers and forest, mangrove forest, river, lake, bil, haor, revulets (Fig. 1). The land is enreached with aquaculture, tea and salt pan (Hasan et al., 2013). fertile alluvial soil. The soil and environment is Lots of crops are cultivated both of tropical and well suited for different kinds of crops all over temperate origin in this country. Agricultural the year. About 57% of its total land is arable land use at a local level is expressed by the (Anonymous, 2016a). The lion share of the total spatial and temporal distribution of crops often land has been brought under cultivation to expressed as cropping pattern (CP). CP depends satisfy the demand of teeming millions. Despite on the physiography, environment and socio- this achivement, a huge population has a limited economic conditions of a particular area. access to enough land under their jurisdiction making agriculture a challenging option. On Physiography, ecosystem and environment the other hand, the yearly transformation Agriculture is predominantly influenced by of a certain area (0.47%) of arable land from the varying environmental and physiographic agriculture to non-agriculture use is a grave conditions of an area. Three broad physiographic concern to agricultural community due to groups are marked in Bangladesh and they population pressure, urbanization and some belong to three distinct geographical ages as, non-agricultural purposes. Thus, getting more tertiary hills, pleistocene terraces and recent food from less land would be one of the most floodplains (Fig. 2). These physiographic challenging concern for the country even groups are represented by hill soils in south- having some improvement of the existing eastern and north-eastern areas, accounting agricultural system. Despite the reduction of for about 12% of the land, terrace soils consist 1Rice Farming Systems Division, BRRI, Gazipur; 2Director, Bangladesh Rice Research Institute; 3Director General, Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Gazipur; *Corresponding author’s E-mail: [email protected] Fig. 1. Upazila-wise map of Bangladesh (http://maps.barcapps.gov.bd/index.php?t=administrative). 2 Nasim et al Fig. 2. Soil physiography and general soil type map of Bangladesh (http://en.banglapedia.org/index. php?title=Physiography). Cropping Patterns in Bangladesh 3 of two uplifted blocks in the west and centre temperature comes down and monsoon wind of the country called Barind and Madhupur ceases. As a result, cold wind flows from the Tracts, respectively accounting for about 8% north towards the bay. The cold wind mainly of the land and floodplain soils distributed comes from the Himalaya, which further lowers across the country accounting for about 80% of the temperature.