Tank Killers the Lanceros Castle Itter
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PARAMILITARIES Kill Suspected Supporters of the FARC
UniTeD SelF-DeFenSe FoRCeS oF ColoMBiA (AUC) PARAMiliTARY TRooPS, lA GABARRA, noRTe De SAnTAnDeR, DeCeMBeR 10, 2004 PARAMiliTARieS kill suspected supporters of the FARC. By 1983, locals reported DEATh TO KIDNAPPERs cases of army troops and MAS fighters working together to assas- sinate civilians and burn farms.5 After the 1959 Cuban revolution, the U.S. became alarmed power and wealth, to the point that by 2004 the autodefensas had this model of counterinsurgency proved attractive to the Colom- that Marxist revolts would break out elsewhere in latin Ameri- taken over much of the country. bian state. on a 1985 visit to Puerto Boyacá, President Belisario Be- ca. in 1962, an Army special warfare team arrived in Colombia to As they expanded their control across Colombia, paramil- tancur reportedly declared, “every inhabitant of Magdalena Medio help design a counterinsurgency strategy for the Colombian armed itary militias forcibly displaced over a million persons from the has risen up to become a defender of peace, next to our army, next to forces. even though the FARC and other insurgent groups had not land.3 By official numbers, as of 2011, the autodefensas are estimat- our police… Continue on, people of Puerto Boyacá!”6 yet appeared on the scene, U.S. advisers recommended that a force ed to have killed at least 140,000 civilians including hundreds of Soon, landowners, drug traffickers, and security forces set made up of civilians be used “to perform counteragent and coun- trade unionists, teachers, human rights defenders, rural organiz- up local autodefensas across Colombia. in 1987, the Minister of terpropaganda functions and, as necessary, execute paramilitary, ers, politicians, and journalists who they labelled as sympathetic government César gaviria testified to the existence of 140 ac- sabotage, and/or terrorist activities against known communist pro- to the guerrillas.3 tive right-wing militias in the country.7 Many sported macabre ponents. -
Non-GOVERNMENTAL TERRORISM in LATIN AMERICA SINCE the END of the Cold WAR*
A SHIFT IN THE p ARADIGM OF VIOLENCE: NoN-GOVERNMENTAL TERRORISM IN LATIN AMERICA SINCE THE END OF THE CoLD WAR* ANDREAS FELDMANN INSTITUTO DE CIENCIA POLÍTICA, PONTIFICIA UNIVERSIDAD CATÓLICA DE CHILE, CHILE Resumen Desde mediados de_ los años noventa el terrorismo no-gubernamental ha aumentado de forma significa tiva en muchas regiones del mundo. En América Latina, sin embargo, un área donde históricamente gru?_os radicales de izquierda y derecha recurrieron a prácticas terroristas para conseguir sus objetivos poht1cos, el terrorismo como fenómeno ha disminuido notablemente. Basado en el influyente trabajo de T1mothy W1ckham-Crowley, este artículo sostiene que la disminución del uso del terror en América Latina corr_esponde a un cambio en los "repertorios culturales" de grupos revolucionarios y otros grupos anti s1st_em1cos. El trabajo arguye que este cambio deriva de tres factores: las traumáticas experiencias derivadas de la represión brutal de la que fueron objeto muchos de estos grupos, un creciente pragmatismo Y la valoración del juego democrático; y el rechazo por parte de la gran mayoría de la población en la región del uso de la violencia como método político. En este sentido, los grupos que bregan por promover cambios sociales han internalizado que el terror constituye una estrategia contraproducente e ilegítima. El artículo sostiene que Colombia constituye una excepción a esta tendencia. En el caso colombiano, se argumenta, el terror deriva de la lógica perversa del conflicto armado, donde los actores deliberadamen te victimizan a los civiles para alcanzar objetivos militares y políticos a través del terror. Abstract While non-state terrorism has grown substantially in many parts of the world since the mid 1990s in Latin Revista de Ciencia Política es una publicación bi-anual del Instituto de Ciencia Política de la Pontificia Universidad Católica de America, the insurgent continent par excellence, where radical non-state actors at both end~ of the Chile. -
Truth and Reconciliation Commission of South Africa Report: Volume 2
VOLUME TWO Truth and Reconciliation Commission of South Africa Report The report of the Truth and Reconciliation Commission was presented to President Nelson Mandela on 29 October 1998. Archbishop Desmond Tutu Ms Hlengiwe Mkhize Chairperson Dr Alex Boraine Mr Dumisa Ntsebeza Vice-Chairperson Ms Mary Burton Dr Wendy Orr Revd Bongani Finca Adv Denzil Potgieter Ms Sisi Khampepe Dr Fazel Randera Mr Richard Lyster Ms Yasmin Sooka Mr Wynand Malan* Ms Glenda Wildschut Dr Khoza Mgojo * Subject to minority position. See volume 5. Chief Executive Officer: Dr Biki Minyuku I CONTENTS Chapter 1 Chapter 6 National Overview .......................................... 1 Special Investigation The Death of President Samora Machel ................................................ 488 Chapter 2 The State outside Special Investigation South Africa (1960-1990).......................... 42 Helderberg Crash ........................................... 497 Special Investigation Chemical and Biological Warfare........ 504 Chapter 3 The State inside South Africa (1960-1990).......................... 165 Special Investigation Appendix: State Security Forces: Directory Secret State Funding................................... 518 of Organisations and Structures........................ 313 Special Investigation Exhumations....................................................... 537 Chapter 4 The Liberation Movements from 1960 to 1990 ..................................................... 325 Special Investigation Appendix: Organisational structures and The Mandela United -
SA Army Unit Histories
Appendix 9C SA Army unit histories 1 SA Infantry Division 1 The division was formed on August 13, 1940 at the South African Military College at Roberts’ Heights (now Thaba Tshwane), Pretoria. The formation demobilised in South Africa in January 1943 as part of a plan to form two armoured divisions. The divisional commanders were: • From August 13, 1940: Brigadier, then Major General “Uncle” George Brink. • From March 10, 1942: Major General Dan H Pienaar. Divisional Troops From To Remarks Artillery Antitank 1st Anti-Tank Brigade, SAA 25-Jan-41 12-Jun-41 renamed 1st Anti-Tank Regiment, SAA 01-Jun-41 01-Jan-43 Field Artillery 3rd Field Brigade, THA, SAA 29-Dec-40 11-Aug-41 renamed 4th Field Brigade, SAA 13-Aug-40 30-Jul-41 renamed 7th Field Brigade, SAA 13-Aug-40 11-Aug-41 renamed 1st Field Regiment, CFA,SAA 20-Apr-42 01-Jan-43 3rd Field Regiment, THA, SAA 11-Aug-41 25-Jun-42 4th Field Regiment, SAA 31-Jul-41 01-Jan-43 7th Field Regiment, SAA 11-Aug-41 01-Jan-43 Light Antiaircraft 1st Light Antiaircraft Regiment, SAA 01-Sep-41 01-Jan-43 Engineers Field Companies 12th Field Company, SA Engineers 13-Aug-40 02-Apr-41 1st Field Company, SA Engineers 13-Aug-40 01-Jan-43 2nd Field Company, SA Engineers 01-May-42 01-Jan-43 3rd Field Company, SA Engineers 03-May-41 01-Jan-43 5th Field Company, SA Engineers 05-Dec-40 01-Jan-43 Field Park Companies 19th Field Park Company, SA Eng 01-Apr-42 01-Jan-43 21st Corps Field Park Company, SA Eng 01-Dec-40 30-Apr-42 Infantry 2nd Regiment Botha 05-Feb-42 01-Jan-43 Machine Gun B Coy, Die Middellandse Regiment 27-Jun-42 01-Jan-43 1 Steve Rothwell, http://homepages.force9.net/rothwell/1sa.htm, August 24, 2003, accessed June 6, 2006. -
The Role of Non-Whites in the South African Defence Force by Cmdt C.J
Scientia Militaria, South African Journal of Military Studies, Vol 16, Nr 2, 1986. http://scientiamilitaria.journals.ac.za The Role of Non-Whites in the South African Defence Force by Cmdt C.J. N6thling* assisted by Mrs L. 5teyn* The early period for Blacks, Coloureds and Indians were non- existent. It was, however, inevitable that they As long ago as 1700, when the Cape of Good would be resuscitated when war came in 1939. Hope was still a small settlement ruled by the Dutch East India Company, Coloureds were As war establishment tables from this period subject to the same military duties as Euro- indicate, Non-Whites served as separate units in peans. non-combatant roles such as drivers, stretcher- bearers and batmen. However, in some cases It was, however, a foreign war that caused the the official non-combatant edifice could not be establishment of the first Pandour regiment in maintained especially as South Africa's shortage 1781. They comprised a force under white offi- of manpower became more acute. This under- cers that fought against the British prior to the lined the need for better utilization of Non-Whites occupation of the Cape in 1795. Between the in posts listed on the establishment tables of years 1795-1803 the British employed white units and a number of Non-Whites were Coloured soldiers; they became known as the subsequently attached to combat units and they Cape Corps after the second British occupation rendered active service, inter alia in an anti-air- in 1806. During the first period of British rule craft role. -
The Role and Application of the Union Defence Force in the Suppression of Internal Unrest, 1912 - 1945
THE ROLE AND APPLICATION OF THE UNION DEFENCE FORCE IN THE SUPPRESSION OF INTERNAL UNREST, 1912 - 1945 Andries Marius Fokkens Thesis presented in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Military Science (Military History) at the Military Academy, Saldanha, Faculty of Military Science, Stellenbosch University. Supervisor: Lieutenant Colonel (Prof.) G.E. Visser Co-supervisor: Dr. W.P. Visser Date of Submission: September 2006 ii Declaration I, the undersigned, hereby declare that the work contained in this thesis is my own original work and that I have not previously submitted it, in its entirety or in part, to any university for a degree. Signature:…………………….. Date:………………………….. iii ABSTRACT The use of military force to suppress internal unrest has been an integral part of South African history. The European colonisation of South Africa from 1652 was facilitated by the use of force. Boer commandos and British military regiments and volunteer units enforced the peace in outlying areas and fought against the indigenous population as did other colonial powers such as France in North Africa and Germany in German South West Africa, to name but a few. The period 1912 to 1945 is no exception, but with the difference that military force was used to suppress uprisings of white citizens as well. White industrial workers experienced this military suppression in 1907, 1913, 1914 and 1922 when they went on strike. Job insecurity and wages were the main causes of the strikes and militant actions from the strikers forced the government to use military force when the police failed to maintain law and order. -
Military Despatches Vol 24, June 2019
Military Despatches Vol 24 June 2019 Operation Deadstick A mission vital to D-Day Remembering D-Day Marking the 75th anniversary of D-Day Forged in Battle The Katyusha MRLS, Stalin’s Organ Isoroku Yamamoto The architect of Pearl Harbour Thank your lucky stars Life in the North Korean military For the military enthusiast CONTENTS June 2019 Page 62 Click on any video below to view Page 14 How much do you know about movie theme songs? Take our quiz and find out. Hipe’s Wouter de The old South African Goede interviews former Defence Force used 28’s gang boss David a mixture of English, Williams. Afrikaans, slang and Thank your lucky stars techno-speak that few Serving in the North Korean Military outside the military could hope to under- 32 stand. Some of the terms Features were humorous, some Rank Structure 6 This month we look at the Ca- were clever, while others nadian Armed Forces. were downright crude. Top Ten Wartime Urban Legends Ten disturbing wartime urban 36 legends that turned out to be A matter of survival Part of Hipe’s “On the fiction. This month we’re looking at couch” series, this is an 10 constructing bird traps. interview with one of Special Forces - Canada 29 author Herman Charles Part Four of a series that takes Jimmy’s get together Quiz Bosman’s most famous a look at Special Forces units We attend the Signal’s Associ- characters, Oom Schalk around the world. ation luncheon and meet a 98 47 year old World War II veteran. -
3 Who Is Who and What Is What
3 e who is who and what is what Ever Success - General Knowledge 4 Saad Book Bank, Lahore Ever Success Revised and Updated GENERAL KNOWLEDGE Who is who? What is what? CSS, PCS, PMS, FPSC, ISSB Police, Banks, Wapda, Entry Tests and for all Competitive Exames and Interviews World Pakistan Science English Computer Geography Islamic Studies Subjectives + Objectives etc. Abbreviations Current Affair Sports + Games Ever Success - General Knowledge 5 Saad Book Bank, Lahore © ALL RIGHTS RESERVED No part of this book may be reproduced In any form, by photostate, electronic or mechanical, or any other means without the written permission of author and publisher. Composed By Muhammad Tahsin Ever Success - General Knowledge 6 Saad Book Bank, Lahore Dedicated To ME Ever Success - General Knowledge 7 Saad Book Bank, Lahore Ever Success - General Knowledge 8 Saad Book Bank, Lahore P R E F A C E I offer my services for designing this strategy of success. The material is evidence of my claim, which I had collected from various resources. I have written this book with an aim in my mind. I am sure this book will prove to be an invaluable asset for learners. I have tried my best to include all those topics which are important for all competitive exams and interviews. No book can be claimed as prefect except Holy Quran. So if you found any shortcoming or mistake, you should inform me, according to your suggestions, improvements will be made in next edition. The author would like to thank all readers and who gave me their valuable suggestions for the completion of this book. -
A Concise History of the South African Defence Force (1912-1987)
Scientia Militaria, South African Journal of Military Studies, Vol 17, Nr 2, 1987. http://scientiamilitaria.journals.ac.za A concise history of the South African Defence Force (1912-1987) Major W.A. Dorning* INTRODUCTION omic conditions of the time. The result was that when the Union was again called to arms in 1939, s the SA Defence Force celebrates its 75th it was able to mobilize a vast and redoubtable anniversary, it can look back with pride at fighting machine within a relatively short period A a truly remarkable history. Established of time. As in the Great War, the South African just two years after Union, the fledging force was Forces quickly won the respect of friend and foe to be severely tested within the first two years of alike for their professionalism, dedication and its existence to a degree perhaps unparalleled in the powers of endurance. In proportion to its rela- history of modern armies. tively small population and material resources, the Union's war effort was at least as great as that"of Just over a year after its formation, when it still any of the Allied powers. existed more on paper than in fact, the Union Defence Force (UDF) was called upon to suppress With this proud tradition and record forged a violent industrial strike on the Reef. Having during two World Wars as its cornerstone, the passed its first test with flying colours, the UDF modern South African Defence Force has devel- was confronted a few months later by the far more oped and improved itself over the years to the serious crises of internal rebellion and World War. -
Behind a Veil of Secrecy:Military Small Arms and Light Weapons
16 Behind a Veil of Secrecy: Military Small Arms and Light Weapons Production in Western Europe By Reinhilde Weidacher An Occasional Paper of the Small Arms Survey Copyright The Small Arms Survey Published in Switzerland by the Small Arms Survey The Small Arms Survey is an independent research project located at the Grad © Small Arms Survey, Graduate Institute of International Studies, Geneva 2005 uate Institute of International Studies in Geneva, Switzerland. It is also linked to the Graduate Institute’s Programme for Strategic and International Security First published in November 2005 Studies. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in Established in 1999, the project is supported by the Swiss Federal Depart a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, without the ment of Foreign Affairs, and by contributions from the Governments of Australia, prior permission in writing of the Small Arms Survey, or as expressly permit Belgium, Canada, Denmark, Finland, France, the Netherlands, New Zealand, ted by law, or under terms agreed with the appropriate reprographics rights Norway, Sweden, and the United Kingdom. It collaborates with research insti organization. Enquiries concerning reproduction outside the scope of the above tutes and nongovernmental organizations in many countries including Brazil, should be sent to the Publications Manager, Small Arms Survey, at the address Canada, Georgia, Germany, India, Israel, Jordan, Norway, the Russian Federation, below. South Africa, Sri Lanka, Sweden, Thailand, the United Kingdom, and the United States. Small Arms Survey The Small Arms Survey occasional paper series presents new and substan Graduate Institute of International Studies tial research findings by project staff and commissioned researchers on data, 47 Avenue Blanc, 1202 Geneva, Switzerland methodological, and conceptual issues related to small arms, or detailed Copyedited by Alex Potter country and regional case studies. -
Afghanistan Orbats
Coalition Combat Forces in Afghanistan AFGHANISTAN ORDER OF BATTLE by Wesley Morgan January 2013 This document describes the composition and placement of U.S. and other Western combat forces in Afghanistan down to battalion level. It includes the following categories of units: maneuver (i.e. infantry, armor, and cavalry) units, which in most cases are responsible for particular districts or provinces; artillery units, including both those acting as provisional maneuver units and those in traditional artillery roles; aviation units, both rotary and fixed-wing; military police units; most types of engineer and explosive ordnance disposal units; and “white” special operations forces, described in general terms. It does not include “black” special operations units or other units such as logistical, transportation, medical, and intelligence units or Provincial Reconstruction Teams. International Security Assistance Force / United States ForcesAfghanistan (Gen. John Allen, USMC)ISAF Headquarters, Kabul Special Operations Joint Task ForceAfghanistan / NATO Special Operations Component CommandAfghanistan (Maj. Gen. Raymond Thomas III, USA)Camp Integrity, Kabul1 Combined Joint Special Operations Task ForceAfghanistan (USA)Bagram Airfield; village stability operations, advisors to Afghan Defense Ministry special operations forces, and other missions2 Special Operations Task ForceEast (USA)Bagram Airfield; operating in eastern Afghanistan Special Operations Task ForceSouth (USA)Kandahar Airfield; operating in Kandahar Province Special Operations Task ForceSouth-East (USN)U/I location; operating in Uruzgan and Zabul Provinces Special Operations Task ForceWest (USMC)Camp Lawton, Herat; operating in western Afghanistan and Helmand Province TF Balkh / 2-7 Infantry (Lt. Col. Todd Kelly, USA)Camp Mike Spann, Mazar-e-Sharif; operating in northern Afghanistan 3 TF Paktika / 3-69 Armor (Lt. -
A Professional Journal of National Defence College Volume 17
A Professional Journal of National Defence College Volume 17 Number 1 April 2018 National Defence College Bangladesh EDITORIAL BOARD Chief Patron Lieutenant General Chowdhury Hasan Sarwardy, BB, SBP, BSP, ndc, psc, PhD Editor-in-Chief Air Commodore M Mortuza Kamal, GUP, ndc, psc, GD(P) Editor Colonel (Now Brigadier General) A K M Fazlur Rahman, afwc, psc Associate Editors Brigadier General Md Rafiqul Islam, SUP, ndc, afwc, psc Lieutenant Colonel A S M Badiul Alam, afwc, psc, G+, Arty Assistant Editors Assistant Director Md Nazrul Islam Lecturer Farhana Binte Aziz ISSN: 1683-8475 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, stored in retrieval system, or transmitted in any form, or by any means, electrical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise, without the prior permission of the publisher. Published by the National Defence College, Bangladesh Design & Printed by : ORNATE CARE 87, Mariam Villa (2nd Floor), Nayapaltan, Dhaka-1000, Bangladesh Cell: 01911546613, E-mail: [email protected] DISCLAIMER The analysis, opinions and conclusions expressed or implied in this Journal are those of the authors and do not necessarily represent the views of the NDC, Bangladesh Armed Forces or any other agencies of Bangladesh Government. Statement, fact or opinion appearing in NDC Journal are solely those of the authors and do not imply endorsement by the editors or publisher. iii CONTENTS Page College Governing Body vi Vision, Mission and Objectives of the College vii Foreword viii Editorial ix Faculty and Staff x Abstracts xi