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New Record for Southeast Asia's Highest Peak?

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New Record for Southeast Asia's Highest Peak? NEW RECORD FOR SOUTHEAST ASIA’S HIGHEST PEAK? » RACHEL SCHOWE Displayed with permission • The American Surveyor • April 2014 • Copyright 2014 Cheves Media • www.Amerisurv.com ince 1925, the people of Myanmar have been taught from an early age that the highest peak in all of Southeast Asia was the great Mount Hkakabo Razi. Often swathed in stormy clouds obscuring it from view, Hkakabo Razi lies in the Himalayan mountain range on the border junction of Myanmar, China, and India, its frosted tip stretching 5,881 meters up into the sky. At that height, one could theoretically stand atop its peak and look down on all of the surrounding countries comprising Southeast Asia. At least, that has been the widely-held belief for the past 90 years. However, a recent expedition up virgin peak Gamlang Razi may have overturned that belief, suggesting that the view from Hkakabo Razi may not actually be the best in the house. New Data Suggests Historic Errors In recent years, digital analysis suggests that the 1925 surveys of Hkakabo Razi were overstated, and the peak’s actual elevation is as much as 100 meters lower than originally believed. At the same time, digital analysis has suggested that the elevation of second-tallest The team rests at base camp before beginning the climb up Mount Gamlang Razi. Displayed with permission • The American Surveyor • April 2014 • Copyright 2014 Cheves Media • www.Amerisurv.com Right: The climbers were forced to cross many rivers by way of dangerous bridges on their trek to the base of Mount Gamlang Razi. Inset: The team celebrates at the peak of Gamlang Razi, while the Juniper Systems Archer Field PC collects GPS data in the background. Below: Team leader, Andy Tyson, gets accustomed to the Archer Field PC before attempting the summit. peak Gamlang Razi—originally measured at 5,834 meters—has been understated, and may actually be taller than Hkakabo Razi. Idea for the Trip The idea for the expedition first arose when Victor, Idaho resident, Andy Tyson, found a discrepancy between Google Earth’s maps of Myanmar’s mountains and data from satellite imagery and LiDAR. An experienced climber and a specialist in remote summit expeditions in the Himalayas, Antarctica, and the Americas, Tyson has been an instruc- tor for the National Outdoor Leadership School (NOLS), a guide for Alpine Ascents International and Exum Mountain Guides, Displayed with permission • The American Surveyor • April 2014 • Copyright 2014 Cheves Media • www.Amerisurv.com and the author of Glacier Mountaineering was in fact the tallest peak in Southeast Archer was designed to operate in extreme and Climbing: Self-Rescue (with Molly Asia. His aim, then, in leading an expedition temperatures and was waterproof and Loomis). He has also led training expedi- team to the top of Gamlang Razi, was to dustproof, which would be key to success- tions in an effort to spur the development collect actual GPS data at the peak to sup- fully capturing the data they needed. of Burmese climbers. With his seasoned port that claim. To do that, the team would background in mountaineering, Tyson’s need a device that could not only record the Data Collection Protocol intrigue with the inconsistent elevation necessary GPS data, but one that could also Juniper Systems carefully developed a data reports stirred him to set out in search of hold up against the extreme conditions of collection protocol for the summit team. sponsors and a team of climbers for a journey the trip, which included both the hot, wet The data collection methodology would to Gamlang Razi. The final expedition team environment of the jungle, as well as the need to consider both the unique circum- that would attempt the summit consisted of freezing temperatures of the mountain peak. stances associated at extreme altitude and five Americans and two Burmese climbers. Tyson and his team approached Juniper the technical data requirements in order to Systems® looking for a rugged handheld accurately record a mean sea level (MSL) A Device for the Job for the job. In response, Juniper Systems unit of measure. Common GPS elevation From his study of satellite imagery and Lidar loaned the team an Archer Field PC® with measurements based on ellipsoid Earth data, Tyson’s theory was that Gamlang Razi a Hemisphere GPS XF101 receiver. The models such as WGS84 are known to have Displayed with permission • The American Surveyor • April 2014 • Copyright 2014 Cheves Media • www.Amerisurv.com significant errors. Therefore, the summit hospitality in Yangon, the team headed to and the incessantly wet conditions put the team’s Archer Field PC was equipped with Machinbaw by vehicle, and then set off climbers at risk for infections like trench Esri® ArcPad mobile software with an from Machinbaw on foot, headed for the foot. At night, the team would stop to rest in EZSurv GNSS driver capable of collecting base of Gamlang Razi. Accompanying the the villages along the way, sleeping in vil- the additional GPS data required for post- seven climbers were 10 people from the Htoo lagers’ homes, which consisted of small huts processing against geoid models to more Foundation, the expedition’s primary sponsor, built on stilts. They even passed through one accurately reflect the Earth’s uneven sur- plus around 70 porters carrying equipment. of the only known pygmy villages in Asia face. Expecting that the summit team would The hike to base camp was a tough one, and had to take a brief, but illegal detour likely be fatigued at such high altitude atop covering 200 miles of jungle terrain, and through Chinese-controlled Tibet. Gamlang Razi, Juniper Systems trained taking a full two weeks to complete. During After safely making it to their base camp Tyson on a relatively simple data collection the day, the climbers trudged through miles at the ankles of Gamlang Razi, the climbers protocol to achieve professional results. of mud and river, struggling to fend off the began their ascent. What at first was rain swarms of bees, mosquitoes, and sand flies turned to snow as they made their way up The Journey that filled the air, and constantly on the the mountainside, and the terrain became In August of last year, the team set out for look-out for vipers and cobras along the trail. very difficult, even for the experienced Myanmar. After enjoying a weekend of Leeches became a sort of body adornment, climbers. Their path crossed several glacier Displayed with permission • The American Surveyor • April 2014 • Copyright 2014 Cheves Media • www.Amerisurv.com Andy Tyson prepares to collect critical GPS data at the summit using the Archer Field PC. first allowed the XF101 receiver to track Myanmar’s president, Thein Sein, who satellites for 15 minutes in order to acquire a wrote a letter to the expedition team soon complete almanac. Once the handheld was after their successful ascent, congratulat- finished, the team placed the Archer in an ing them for summiting Southeast Asia’s unobstructed position on the summit and second-tallest peak. allowed the handheld to collect 20 minutes Andy Tyson stands strong in his assertion of data—one data point every second for a that Gamlang Razi is the country’s highest total of 1,200 data points. The final elevation peak, but suggests that the controversy figure would consist of a single data point may not be resolved until someone actually calculated from the average of those 1,200 climbs Hkakabo Razi and measures it in data points. This data was sent to Juniper person, using the technology of the day. Systems via satellite phone for analysis. However, in the upcoming months, there may be new data revealed that Data Analysis may shed additional light on the contro- Using Effigis EZSurv software, Juniper versy. According to Scott Walker, a digital Systems post-processed the data by cartography specialist at the Harvard Map comparing it with a known terrestrial Collection, a German radar topographic reference point—a base station in Llasa, mapping project is currently in progress that Tibet. By post-processing the data, they will provide highly-accurate survey data, were able to eliminate much of the error including elevation measurements. The data introduced by the variations in the shape of is expected to be available later this year. the earth’s surface, significantly improving the confidence level in the results. Looking Forward Also forthcoming later this year is a film Results that documents the entire journey of the The verdict? After post-processing the Gamlang Razi expedition and offers a data, Juniper Systems found the resulting unique cultural perspective of remote height of Gamlang Razi to be 5,870 meters, Myanmar. The film, Myanmar: Bridges to ± 2 meters, which was also analyzed and Change, is scheduled to release on June 14, confirmed by Effigis in Montreal, Canada. 2014 in Yangon, Myanmar. When this new figure is compared to the Ultimately, while the Burmese people recent digital elevation measurements of may be reluctant to accept a change to Hkakabo Razi, Gamlang Razi is indeed the their elevation records even in the face taller peak, meaning that Southeast Asia of additional data, there is much to be crevasse fields, almost ending in disaster may need to update their record books. gained from this foreign expedition to the when several team members fell into a 600- beautiful country of Myanmar. Not only did foot crevasse. Fortunately, the fallen climbers Resistance to the New Record it serve as an experience of a lifetime for were unharmed and were rescued by the When compared to the current digital the expedition members, but the trip and other team members.
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