Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-09189-4 — the Habsburg Monarchy 1815–1918 Steven Beller Index More Information

Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-09189-4 — The Habsburg Monarchy 1815–1918 Steven Beller Index More Information

Index

Absolutism, 20, 34, 37, 44, 54, 57, 73, 83, Apis (Dragutin Dimitrijević), 245 86–87, 91–92, 97, 99–101, 107, Apponyi, Count Albert, 148, 200 111–112, 115, 126, 144, 168, 194, Apponyi, Count György, 61 204, 222, 226, 228, 244, 256, 263, Arab Spring, 69 273, 275 Arad, 83 Academy of Arts, Vienna, 21 Armada of 1588, 8 Adige River, 5 Army Bill Crisis (Prussia), 113 Adler, Friedrich, 261, 264 Army Law 1868, 131 Adler, Victor, 148–149, 172, 176–177, 261 Army, Habsburg, 25, 38, 58, 64, 73–76, 79, Adriatic Littoral, 78, 177, 180, 277, 280 82–83, 89, 98, 100–102, 105–106, Adriatic Sea, 4, 6, 78, 114, 136, 277, 280 114–115, 117, 125, 131, 138, 150, Aehrenthal, Baron Lexa von, 226, 230–236, 161, 168, 182, 197–198, 200, 243, 251 205–206, 221–222, 226, 244, 247, Aix-la-Chapelle (Aachen), 29 249–255, 258–259, 264, 270–271 Albania, 229, 233, 235–236, 238, 259 Army High Command, 250, 263 Albrecht, Archduke, 131, 182 Language of command, 168–169, Albright, Madeline, 7 182, 198 Aleppo, 56 Arnstein and Eskeles Bank, 58 Alexander I, Tsar, 27–31 Arnstein family, 52 Alexander Obrenovič (Serbia), 229 Arnstein, Fanny von, 41, 217 Alexandria, 56 art nouveau, 215–216 Alp Mountains, 6, 39, 46–47, 73, 120, Article 14, 125, 129, 194, 197, 203, 146, 178 253 Alsace, 7, 267 Article 19, 130, 133 Alsace-Lorraine, 267 Arz von Straussenburg, Arthur, 263 Amiens, Battle of, 268 Asia Minor, 277 Anationalism, 178 Atlantic Ocean, 5–6, 38, 266, 271 Andrássy, Count Gyula, 83, 120–122, Auersperg, Prince Adolf, 141, 154, 157 126–127, 130, 140–141, Auersperg, Prince Carlos, 131–132, 137 150–155, 179 Auffenberg, General Moritz von, 221 Andrássy, Count Gyula (son), 181, 199 Augsburger Allgemeine Zeitung,63 Andrian-Werburg, Victor, 65 Augustenburg, Frederick VIII, Austria and Its Future,65 Duke of, 114 Anglo-Austrian Bank, 143 Augustin, Vinzenz von, 101 Anticlericalism, 132–134, 142, 149, 166, Auschwitz, 5 168, 173, 177 Aussig, 169 Antisemitism, 4, 147, 149, 160, 165–166, Austria, Republic of, 1, 279, 281–282 173, 175–177, 187, 203, 214–216, Austrian hereditary lands, 44 219–220, 281 Austrian idea, 15, 17–21, 216, 257, Judaisation (Verjudung), 175 286 Anti-Socialist Law 1886, 164 Austrian Lloyd, 52, 132, 143, 210 Anti-Terror Law 1884, 164 Austrian Netherlands. See Belgium.

298

Index 299

Austro-Hungarian Monarchy in Word Belvedere Palace, 212, 226, 230, 284 and Picture, The, see Crown Prince Bem, Jozéf, 82 Project Benedek, Ludwig August von, 117 Austromarxism, 19, 225 Berchtold, Leopold Count, 235, 238, Austro-Prussian War, 116, 120 245–248, 251 Austro-Russian entente, 227, 231 Berlin, 6, 22, 67, 152, 154, 179, 181, 197, Austroslavism, 18, 64, 73, 79, 120 234, 246, 252 Berlin, Congress of 1878, 152, 154 Babenberg dynasty, 7 Berlin, Treaty of 1878, 154 Bach, Alexander, 66, 71, 81, 85–86, 91–98, Bessarabia, Southern, 104 100, 107–108, 134 Bethmann-Hollweg, Theobald von, 246 Rundschreiben (circular) 1849, 94 Beust, Baron Friedrich Ferdinand, Bach’s hussars, 94, 134 119–123, 138, 140–141, 150 Backhendlzeit,40 Bezirk (district), 85, 94, 195 Bad Ischl, 246 Bezirkshauptmann (district prefect), Baden bei Wien, 263 195, 224 Badeni Crisis, 175, 185, 191, 197–198 Biedermeier culture, 38–42, 49, 59, 258 Badeni, Count Casimir, 175, 185, Bienerth, Baron Richard, 203 187–191, 193, 197–198 Bihar Points 1868, 135, 147 Baerenreiter, Joseph, 236 Billroth, Theodor, 147, 149 Balkan League, 235 Bismarck, Otto von, 100, 113–114, Balkan War, First, 235 116–118, 151, 155, 164, 179–180 Balkan War, Second, 236 Black Forest, 5 Balkan Wars of 1912–1913, 15, 221, 244 Black Hand, 245–246 Balkans, 5, 14–15, 31, 57, 103–104, Black legend, 15–16, 20, 35, 63, 232 150–152, 179–181, 203, 221, 227, Black Sea, 5, 104 229–231, 235–238, 240, 242, 244, Blaj, 62, 74 250–251, 268 Bloch, Joseph S., 19, 176 Baltic Sea, 5–6, 277 Austrian Weekly, 176 Banat of Temesvár, 75 Bloch-Bauer, Adele, 217 Bank hullabaloo, 66 Bloch-Bauer, Ferdinand, 217 Bankruptcy of state 1811, 37 Blum, Robert, 76, 80 Bánnfy, Baron Deszö, 197–198 Bodencredit-Anstalt, 143 Barnu˘ ţiu, Simon, 62 Bohemia, 5–6, 8–10, 18, 21, 37–38, 42–44, Baroque, 9, 156, 216 48, 50, 57, 63, 78, 80, 82, 93, 95, Bartók, Béla, 213 111–112, 117, 120, 123, 135–137, Batthyány, Count Lajos, 70, 75, 83 139–141, 143, 161–163, 165, 169, Bauer, Otto, 19 171–172, 175, 177, 181, 185–189, Bauernfeld, Eduard von, 65–66, 81, 92 191, 194, 196, 203, 205, 209, 211, Grossjährig (Of Age), 65 220, 224, 232, 241, 244, 253–254, Baumgartner, Andreas von, 98 261, 270–271, 277, 280, 282 Bavaria, 11, 27, 88–89, 116 Bohemian Compromise 1890, 185–186 Baxa, Karel, 175 Bohemian Diet, 137, 139–141, 163, 177, Beamtenministerium (non-political ofﬁcials’ 186, 188, 224 government), 138, 187, 193–194, German Bohemia, 140, 189, 220, 199, 209 271, 281 Beck, Max, 201, 203, 226, 230 Language ordinances, 188–189, 193 Beck-Rzikowsky, General Friedrich, 182 State Right, 137, 139, 175 Beethoven, Ludwig van, 39–41 Sudetenland, 271, 281 Ninth Symphony, 39 Bohemian Patriotic Museum, 42, 48–49, 63 Belcredi, Count Egbert, 92 Journal of the Bohemian Museum,48 Belcredi, Count Richard, 115, 120–121, 126 Boltzmann, Ludwig, 215 Belgium, 10–11, 25, 32–33, 57, 249, 267 Bombay, 132 Belgrade, 250 Bonitz, Hermann, 95 Belvedere Circle, 226, 230, 284 Borysław, 171

300 Index

Bosnia-Herzegovina, 3, 150–156, 179–181, Bülow, Count Bernhard von, 197 190, 199, 203, 227, 229–234, 236, Buol-Schauenstein, Count Karl, 92, 238, 241–243, 245, 253 102–106 Bosnian Diet, 236 Bureaucracy, 10–12, 17, 19, 34, 36–37, Bosnian revolt 1875, 151–152 41–42, 44, 47–48, 68, 93–98, Bosniaks, 151, 233 100–102, 129, 131, 161–162, 170, Bosnian Crisis 1990s, 242 181, 183, 189, 194–196, 207–208, Bosporus, 277 211, 217, 221–226, 244, 253–254, Bourbon dynasty, 9 274, 282, 285 Bourbon-Parma dynasty, 263 Bureaucratic absolutism, 37, 204, 244 Boyen, Hermann von, 30 Dual track system, 221, 223 Brabant, 11 External language, 95, 162 Brahms, Johannes, 149 Internal language, 95, 162–163, 185, Braunau, 41 189, 233 Brenner Pass, 277 Reform commission 1911, 223 Brescia, 83 Bürgerministerium, 131, 137, 142 Brest-Litovsk, Treaty of, 265 Bürgertum, 39, 49, 51, 59, 71, 112, 156, Britain, 1, 14, 25–27, 29–33, 51–52, 55–57, 175, 178, 208 60, 64, 69, 79, 103–104, 129, 152, Burgtheater, Vienna, 65, 145, 257 180, 183, 205, 212, 216, 222, 230, Burgtor, 156 232–233, 242, 249, 266, 286 Burgundy, 7 Brittany, 79–80 Burián, Stefan Count, 251, 261, 263 Brix, Emil, 19 Burschenschaften, 30, 148, 173, 177 Brixen (Bressanone), 27 Busek, Erhard, 19 Bruck, Karl von, 91, 98–100, 102, Byron, Lord George, 31 106–109, 112, 120 Die Aufgaben Österreichs (The Duties of Calvinism, 16, 166 Austria), 112 Cameralism, 17 Brünn (Brno), 35, 50, 58–59, 76, 163, 169, Canning, George, 30 177, 186 Canossa, 267, 269 Brusilov, Alexei, 252 Capodistrias, Count Ioannis, 27–29 Brussels, 65, 284 Caporetto, Battle of, 266, 268 Bucharest, 236, 252 Carbonari, 35, 46 Bucharest, Treaty of, 1913, 236 Carinthia, 82, 177, 255, 277 Buchlau, 231–232 Carlo Alberto, 68, 83 Budapest, 4, 17, 42, 44–45, 50, 59–60, Carniola, 46, 78, 136, 163, 177, 185, 67–69, 74–77, 82–83, 99, 112, 115, 204, 277 124–125, 128, 130, 134, 142–143, Carniolan Diet, 136 166–169, 191, 199, 205, 212, Carpathian Mountains, 6, 250 216–217, 220, 228, 231–232, Carson, Edward, 220 260, 263 Castlereagh, Robert Stewart Viscount, 27, Budapest 1900, 4 29–31 Budapest Technical University Catholic Church, 8–10, 16, 36, 41, 61, 79, (Polytechnic), 142 84, 88, 90, 95, 97–98, 100, 132–133, Budget commission, 33 138, 142, 151, 153, 164, 166, 168, Budget commission 1859, 108 173, 175–176, 178, 187, 201, 203, Budweis (České Budějovice), 52–53, 171, 261, 281 175, 209, 224 Concordat of 1855, 97, 132–133, 138 Budweis Compromise, 209 Catholic Socialism, 173 Bukovina, 11, 120, 136, 209, 220, 222, Cattaro, 269 253, 277 Cavour, Count Camillo, 100, 104–106 Bukovina Compromise 1910, 209 Censorship, 35, 63, 65, 97, 253–257, 264 Bulgaria, 46, 152, 179–180, 229–231, Census, 170–171, 178 235–236, 251, 268 Central Europe 1900, 192, 211, 216, Bulgarian Crisis, 180 219–220

Index 301

Centralism, 10, 37, 65, 71, 83, 94–96, 98, Conservatives, 30, 92, 97, 122, 148, 155, 100, 108, 110, 112, 115, 119, 126, 158, 160–161 130–131, 134–135, 137, 141, 149, Constantinople, 231 167, 181, 195, 224 Constitutionalism, 1, 20–21, 28–30, 32–33, Chain Bridge, Budapest, 60 36, 44, 60, 62, 66–69, 71, 73, 75–76, Chambers of Commerce, 99, 111, 149 81, 84–87, 89–91, 100, 107–108, Charles University, 162–163 110–113, 115, 122, 126, 128–130, Charles V, 7–8 153–154, 177, 182, 194, 199, 201, Charles VI, 9 205, 209, 221–222, 227–228, 231, Charlotte, Empress of Mexico, 114 233, 244, 249, 253, 261, 263–265, Chinese bill 1887, 173 274–275, 277, 284 Chłopy Order of 1903, 21, 198 Corpus Christi Procession, 183 Chmel, Joseph, 96 Counter Reformation, 8–9, 16 Christian Socials, 160, 173, 175–176, 178, Court War Council, 44 186–189, 196, 201, 203 Cracow, 5, 26, 48, 57–58, 61, 64, 67–68, Churchill, Winston, 19, 198 74, 207 Cilli (Celje), 187 Crémieux, Adolphe, 56 Cisleithania Crimean War, 14, 98, 102, 104 Deﬁnition of, 123 Criminal Law Code 1873, 131 Renamed ‘Austria’ 1915, 257 Croatia, 45–46, 62–63, 69, 74–75, 80, 94, Civic Guard, 67 100, 110, 115, 123, 127, 133–134, Civil marriage, 142, 166, 197 136, 151–152, 163, 166, 181, 198, Clam-Martinic, Count Heinrich 210, 227–229, 232–233, 235–236, Jaroslav, 139 253–254, 270, 277, 280 Clam-Martinic, Heinrich Count, 263–265 Croato-Serb Coalition, 228, 232 Clark, Christopher, 242, 247 Illyrianism, 45–46, 63 The Sleepwalkers, 242 Independent Serb Party, 228 Clary-Aldringen, Count Manfred, 193 Party of Right, 228 Clemenceau, Georges, 267, 279 Sabor (Croatian Diet), 46, 63, 112, 133, Clericals, 137, 154–155, 161, 163, 210, 228, 270 186–188, 190 Croatia-Slavonia, 46, 63, 74–75, 123, 277 Coen, Deborah, 216 Croats, 45, 112, 127, 136, 150, 163, 169, Coffeehouses, 41, 50, 212 223, 228 Cold War, 1, 19, 205 Crown Council (Joint Ministerial Council), Colombo, Sri Lanka, 143 126, 141, 235, 244–247, 251, 253, Commercial Treaty with Prussia 1853, 98 263, 266 Commonwealth, British, 286 Crown Prince Project, 18, 180, 184, 213 Communal Autonomy, Law on, (1849), 85, Csorich, Anton von, 101 93, 131 Cultural autonomy, 19, 225 Communes, Law on, (Gemeindegesetz) Cumberland, Duchess of, 183 (1862), 131 Custozza, Battle of (1848), 73 Communism, 282–283 Custozza II, Battle of (1866), 117 Compromise of 1867 (Ausgleich), 22, 119, Cyrillic alphabet, 62 121–127, 129, 131, 133–135, 137, Czechoslavic Social Democratic Party, 203 139–140, 150, 153, 157, 168, Czechoslovakia, 175, 270–271, 277, 189–190, 194–195, 198, 200–201, 280–282 265, 269–270, 275, 284 Czechs, 5, 16, 18, 21, 48–49, 63–64, 73, 79, Quota, 125–126 95–96, 110, 112, 117, 121, 127, Concert of Europe, 29 129, 135–137, 139, 141, 143, 149, Congress of Italian Scientists (1847), 60 154–155, 162–164, 170–172, Congress of Vienna 1814–1815, 14, 24–28 174–175, 177, 181, 185–189, 191, Congress System, 29–30 193–198, 201, 203–204, 207, 209, Conrad, Count Franz, von Hötzendorf, 211, 213, 220, 225, 232, 239, 221, 226, 230, 232, 234–235, 240, 254–256, 261, 264–265, 271, 244, 246–248, 250–252, 263, 268 279–281

302 Index

Czernin, Count Ottokar, 263, 125, 131–132, 136, 143–146, 151, 266–268, 286 162, 164–166, 168–169, 171–173, Czernowitz, 136, 250, 277 179, 181, 183–184, 192–195, 197, 201, 205–206, 208, 210, 216–219, Dalmatia, 4, 13, 26, 31, 37, 44, 46, 79–80, 222, 230, 234, 238, 243, 258–259, 93, 136, 139, 151–152, 163, 185, 261, 265, 282–284 228–229, 233, 236, 253, 269, 277 Agriculture, 37, 52, 59, 66, 68, 93, 146, Dalmatian Diet, 136, 228 165, 169, 171, 217, 250, 260 Damascus, 56 Austrian-Hungarian customs union, 98, Damascus Affair, 56 124–125, 197–198, 208 Danube River, 5, 52–53, 128, 146, 254 Crash of 1873, 145–147, 151, 164 Danube Steamship Company, 52 Credit-Anstalt,99–100, 143 Danubian Federation, 19, 279, 286 Currency crisis, 99 Danubian Principalities, 103–104 See Finance, 58, 99–100, 109, 111–112, 143, Romania 146, 217, 264 Danzig, 5 Gold Standard, 183 Deák, Ferenc, 110, 115, 119, 124, 135 Great Depression, 145 Easter Article 1865, 115 Industrialization, 26, 38, 66, 164, Deák, István, 17 169, 217 Deak, John, 223 Iron and steel industry, 51, 268 Debrecen, 82 Labour policy, 132, 164, 165 December Constitution, 122, 128–130, Railways, see main entry for Railways 194, 209, 284 Shipping, 55 Decreed Constitution, 81–82, 85 Tariffs, 37, 98–99, 125 Delacroix, Eugène, 31 Edinburgh, University of, 51 Massacre at Chios,31 Education, 10–11, 45, 48–49, 52, 61, 84, Delegations, 124, 126, 135, 182 88, 95–97, 101, 110, 130, 132–133, Democracy, 4, 51, 73, 78, 82, 91, 135, 136, 142, 148–149, 155, 162–166, 173–174, 177, 200–201, 223, 170–172, 196, 200, 209, 211–212, 243–244, 274, 280, 282–283 217–218 Denmark, 68, 79, 114 Higher, 34, 37, 47, 52, 61, 95–96, 136, Deputations, 125 142, 147, 162, 204, 281 Der Floh, 174 Primary, 36–37, 95, 98, 132 Diploma, October, 109–111, 115 Primary Education Law 1869, 132 Divine Right doctrine, 84, 183 Secondary, 37, 95 Doblhoff, Anton von, 71 Gymnasium (grammar school), 96, Dobrovský, Josef, 48 187, 218 Doppler, Christian, 215 Edward VII, 183 Drava River, 75 Egypt, 31–32 Dresden, 81 Einstein, Albert, 215 Dresden Conference, 81 Eisenmann, Louis, 124, 126, Dreyfus Affair, 176, 205 181 Dual Alliance 1879, 155, 179 Eksteins, Modris, 193 Dualism, 115, 120–121, 125–126, 132, Elbe River, 5, 117 139, 141, 147–148, 153–155, 168, Electoral franchise, 21, 70–71, 78, 92, 182, 192, 198–200, 204, 225, 227, 142–143, 148, 163, 165, 170, 245, 265, 275–276 177–178, 186, 188, 199–204, Dubrovnik (Ragusa), 4 224, 274 ‘Electoral geometry’, 112, 121, 130, Eastern Orthodox Church, 31, 62, 136–137, 142–143, 150, 155, 167 150–152, 164, 180 Electoral reform, 137, 142–143, 147, 163, Eastern Question, 32, 55–56 165, 170, 186, 188, 200–201, Economy, 2, 4, 6, 19–22, 25, 36, 38, 45, 204, 265 47–54, 58–59, 61–62, 66, 68, 70, 80, Elisabeth, Empress-Queen, 89, 99, 119, 93, 97–100, 107, 109, 113, 115, 122, 156, 183

Index 303

England, 9 Central depots (Zentralen), 258 Enlightened Absolutism, 10, 12, 91 Currency depreciation, 261 Eötvös, Baron József, 60, 119, 133 Desertion rates, 264 Ephrussi, Palais, 144 Early enthusiasm, 257 Epstein, Palais, 144 Economic dislocations, 259–260 Erfurt, 81 German High Command, 267 Erfurt Union, 81 Internal exile, 259 Erzberg, 51 Isonzo offensive, 266 Eskeles, Daniel Denis von, 58 Joint High Command, 252 Esterházy, Count Moric, 265 July offensive 1917, 265 Esterházy, Count Moritz, 115 Labour unrest, 261, 268 European necessity, Habsburg Monarchy March offensive 1918, 266, 268 as, 225, 227, 241, 267, 279, Military courts, 253 283–284 Military dictatorship, 244, 253, 255, European Union, 4, 23, 225, 279, 263–265, 275 283–284, 286 Military zones, 253–254 Excluded middle, Law of the, 23, 178 Ministry of Social Welfare, 269 Exner family, 215–216 Piave offensive 1918, 268 Exner, Franz, 95 Plan B/Plan R, 250 Eysler, Edmund, 257–258 Prisoners of war, 259 Frühling am Rhein, 258 Rationing, 260, 268 Submarine warfare, 266 Falkenhayn, Erich von, 251–252 Subordination of Austria-Hungary, 252, Falkenhayn, Lex, 190, 198 261, 265–267, 279 Fascism, 277, 282 War Archives, 256 Federalism, 83–84, 92, 100, 107–109, 112, War by timetables, 248 115, 120–121, 135, 137–139, 141, War Exhibition 1916, 256 149, 154–155, 158, 160–161, 177, Warfare state, 258–261, 277 210–211, 224–226, 241, 262–264, War Grain Control Agency, 260 269, 275 War Manifesto 1914, 247, 273 Fejérváry, Baron Géza, 199 War Press Office, 255–256 Fejtö, Franҫois, 17 War Production Law, 253, 258 Requiem pour un empire défunt,17 War Surveillance Office, 253–254, 256 Ferdinand (Bulgaria), 231 Welfare state, 260, 269 Ferdinand I, 53–54, 70–71, 75–76, 85, Zimmermann Telegram, 266 88–89, 183 Fischer Verlag, 268 Ferdinand I (Holy Roman Emperor), 8 Fischer, Fritz, 242 Ferdinand II, 8, 10, 16 Fischhof, Adolf, 67, 70–71, 127, 176, 209, Ficquelmont, Count Karl Ludwig, 70 225, 275 Fiennes, Ralph, 17 Fiume (Rijeka), 5, 228 Finances, state, 37–38, 47, 49, 55, 57–58, Fiume Resolution 1905, 228 66, 70, 73, 93–94, 98, 100, 102, Flanders, 243 105–106, 109–110, 112, 115–116, Florence, 83 125–126, 145–146, 192, 197–198, Food Office, 260 222–223, 225, 229 Foreign policy, primacy of, 33, 89, 102, Monopolies, local, 222 227, 248 Monopolies, state, 37 Forman, Milos, 282 State debt control commission, 112 The Firemen’s Ball, 282 First World War, 2, 4, 123, 192–193, 238, Fortwursteln, 161 241, 258, 265, 276 France, 1, 8–9, 11–14, 23, 25–26, 28–32, Armistice of 3 November 1918, 270 39, 45–46, 55–57, 66, 69–70, 79, 83, Blank cheque, 246, 284 98–99, 102, 104–106, 116, 118, Brusilov offensive, 252 138, 143, 155, 179, 182, 205, 212, Camp system, 259 214–215, 232–233, 242, 249, 263, Cattaro mutiny, 269 266–267, 279–280, 285

304 Index

Francis Stephen, 10 135–137, 139, 142, 161–162, 164, Franco-Austrian War, 106–107 171, 175, 177, 181, 185, 187, 189, Franco-Prussian War, 118, 138 203, 206–207, 209, 211, 220, 222, Frankfurt Parliament, 70, 73, 79–81 250, 253, 255, 259–260, 269, 277, Frankfurt Vorparlament, 67, 78 281–282 Frankfurt-am-Main, 6, 18, 67–68, 70–71, Galician Sejm (Diet), 34, 47, 136, 142, 73, 76–81, 110, 113 172, 178 Franz Ferdinand, Archduke, 185, 192, 201, Landesminister, 121 203, 226, 230, 236, 238, 243, 245, Oil industry, 171, 260 248, 262, 275, 284 Peasant co-operatives, 207 Franz II/I, 12–14, 21, 25, 33–34, 36, 39, 50, Polonization, 136 54, 86, 89–90, 284 Ganz, Hugo, 256 Franz Joseph, 4, 18, 20–21, 54, 70, 76–77, Gastein, 116 82–84, 86–91, 93, 97, 99–103, Gastein, Convention of, 116 105–129, 131–132, 134, 137–142, Gautsch, Paul von, 193, 201, 203 145, 147–149, 151–156, 160–161, Geiger, Andreas, 40 165–166, 168–169, 179–180, Gemeinde (commune), 85–86, 93–94, 111, 182–190, 194, 196, 198–201, 204, 162, 178, 210, 222 221, 225–228, 231–232, 234, 236, Autonomous administrations, 221, 224 238, 240, 244, 246–249, 251, 254, General Staff, Austrian, 126, 179, 182, 221, 257, 261–262, 273, 275–276, 280, 235, 252, 263 284–285 Genoa, 26 Audiences, 184 German as a lingua franca, 42, 95–96, 162 Bureaucrat-in-chief, 90 German Austria, Republic of, 270, 272, Decision for war 1914, 241, 247–248, 277, 279 275–276 German Confederation, 6, 27, 29, 32, 42, Education, 88 56, 69, 77, 81, 105–106, 113, Funeral, 261 116, 120 Military, love of, 89, 92, 182 Federal Diet, 30 Franz Karl, Archduke, 55, 70, 77, 88 German Left, 156–158, 172, 188–189 Franz-Joseph Railway, 143 German Liberals, 63, 65, 95–96, 110–112, Free trade, 19, 131, 282 115, 126, 129, 135–138, 140–142, French Revolution, 12, 14, 20, 25, 69 147–148, 154–157, 160–162, 165, Freud, Sigmund, 21, 215, 219, 283 173, 176, 182, 187, 203, 207 Friedell, Egon, 285 Left Centre of Large Landholders, 148 Friedjung Trials, 233 Old Liberals, 148, 154 Friedjung, Heinrich, 148–149, 157–158, Progressive Club, 148, 189 172, 176, 209, 211, 220, 232–233 Viennese Radicals, 148, 189 German Weekly, 176 Young Liberals, 148, 154 Friedrich II (Prussia), 10 German National Alliance, 203 Friedrich III (of Austria), 7 German Nationalists, 175, 186, 201, 203 Friedrich Wilhelm III (Prussia), 30 German People’s Party 1882, 176 Friedrich Wilhelm IV (Prussia), 81, 87 German Renaissance, 156 Friedrich, Archduke, 250, 254, 263 Germany, 1–2, 6, 10, 14, 18, 26, 30, 32, Fundamental Articles 1871, 127, 139–141 56–57, 64, 66, 68–69, 77–81, 87, 92, Fürstentag (Princes’ Assembly), 95, 104, 107, 113–114, 116–120, Frankfurt, 113 128, 138, 140, 150, 155, 157, 164, Further Austria, 26 172, 179, 183, 205, 213, 230, 232–233, 238, 241–242, 246, 249, Gagern, Heinrich von, 79 252–253, 261–262, 265–268, 270, Gaj, Ljudevit, 45–46, 62–63 277, 279, 281, 283–284 Morning Star (Illyrian Morning Star), 62 German Empire 1848, 71 Galicia, 5–6, 11, 26, 34, 44, 47–48, 57, 59, Prusso-German Empire, 118, 140, 61, 64, 66, 71, 74, 78–80, 93, 95, 142 100, 111–112, 120–121, 126, Weimar Republic, 279

Index 305

Giskra, Karl, 112, 131, 137, 147 Helfert, Alexander von, 96 Glasgow School, 215 Hemingway, Ernest, 266 Goluchowski, Count Agenor, 108, 110 A Farewell to Arms, 266 Goluchowski, Count Agenor Maria, 179, Henry IV, Emperor, 267 229–230 Herbst, Eduard, 148, 154–155 Good, David, 19 Herrenhaus, 129, 149, 161 Gorbachev, Mikhail, 263 Herzl, Theodor, 176–177, 194 Görgey, Arthur, 82–83 Hess, Heinrich von, 101 Gorizia, 46 Hesse-Kassel, 117 Gorlice-Tarnow offensive, 251 Hilsner Affair 1899, 175, 178 Grand Budapest Hotel, The,17 Hilsner, Leopold, 175, 178 Grant, Ulysses S., 276 Hindenburg, Paul von, 252 Graz, 50–51, 58, 190 Hitler, Adolf, 4, 21, 282 Greece, 31, 40, 61, 150, 179, 235–236 Hofball, 183 War of Independence, 31 Hofbauer, Clemens Maria, 36 Gregory, Pope, 267 Hofburg, 67, 78, 144, 156, 216 Grenzer,75 Hoffmann, Josef, 191, 214–215 Griensteidl, Café, 212 Hofmannsthal, Hugo von, 19, 257, 283 Grillparzer, Franz, 28, 39–40, 65, 73, 128, Hohenlohe, Prince Conrad von, 201 138, 157, 285 Hohenwart, Count Karl, 139, 141–142 King Ottokar’s Fortune and End, 40, 285 Hohenzollern dynasty, 105, 253, 257, Weh, dem der lügt!,65 267, 276 Grocholski, Kazimierz, 139 Holy Alliance, 28 Grossdeutsch option, 79 Holy Places, 102 Gruber, Franz-Xaver, 41 Holy Roman Empire, 2, 6–8, 10, 12–13, 27, ‘Stille Nacht’,41 77, 80, 267, 284 Gründerjahre (founders’ years), 132, 143 Holzgethan, Ludwig von, 140 Grünne, Count Karl, 97, 101, 106, 108 Hong Kong, 143 Gunboat diplomacy, 57 Honvéd (Hungarian militia), 125, 198 Gutmann family, 206 Hörnigk, Philipp von, 17 Gyulai, Count Ferenc, 101, 106 Horthy, Miklós, 281 Hoyos, Alexander Count, 246 Habsburg myth, 15–17, 21, 283 Hradschin, Prague, 280 Hague Conference on Hübner, Count Alexander von, 105, Disarmament, Second, 221 152, 179 Hainault, 11 Humboldt, Wilhelm von, 30 Hamburg, 5, 58, 65 Hungary, 2, 5–6, 8–11, 14, 16, 18–22, 34, Hamilton Seymour, George, 104 37–38, 42–46, 50, 55, 57–64, 66, Hammer-Purgstall, Joseph, 96 68–71, 73–76, 78–80, 82–85, 87, 89, Hanák, Péter, 17 93–95, 97–98, 100–101, 103, Hanka, Václav, 48 106–112, 115–116, 119–137, Hanover, 117 139–143, 145–155, 157, 160, 163, Hanslick, Eduard, 149 165–170, 178–182, 185, 189–191, On the Beautiful in Music, 149 194–195, 197–202, 204–205, Hašek, Jaroslav, 250, 282 208–210, 212–214, 216, 220–222, The Good Soldier Švejk, 250 225–230, 232–233, 236, 241–251, Hasner, Leopold von, 137 253–254, 260–267, 269–270, Hatvany, Lajos, 217 274–275, 277, 279–283, 285 Hauslab, Franz von, 89 Alispán (deputy county governor), 134 Haussmann, George-Eugène, 99 April Laws, 70, 73, 110, 112, 115, 128 Havliček, Karel, 63–64 Army Bill, 168–169, 182, 185, 197–198 Pražské noviny (Prague News), 63 Bloody Thursday 1912, 204 Haymerle, Baron Heinrich, 179–180 Bolshevik revolution, 281 Haynau, Julius von, 82–83 Counties (comitati), 44, 61, 108, 134, Heidelberg, 78 199, 222, 254

306 Index

Hungary (cont.) Irredentism, 140, 152, 179, 220–221, 227, County Administration, Law on, 134 235–236, 240–241, 245, 279, 286 Deákists, 135, 142, 165 Ischl Clause, 197–198 Education Law 1868, 133, 148 Isonzo River, 5, 266 Education Law 1879, 166 Istria, 13, 180, 228, 277 Education Law 1907, 200 Istrian Diet, 233 Finances, 143, 146 Italians, 29, 35, 46–47, 55, 57, 60, 63, Föispán (county governor), 134, 199 66–68, 73, 78, 80, 83, 89, 104–106, Hungarian Court Chancellery, 44, 110, 116–117, 136, 170, 182, 185, 63, 110 204, 220, 223, 235, 251–252, 254, Hungarian Diet, 44–45, 60, 66–67, 259, 266, 268, 270, 274, 279 108–110, 112, 115, 119, 121 Italo-Turkish War, 235 Hungarian Parliament, 75, 121–122, Italy, 5, 7, 9, 26, 29, 32, 46–47, 57–58, 66, 124–125, 134, 167–169, 198–199, 68, 70, 80, 82, 101, 104–106, 113, 204, 254, 275 116–118, 150, 179–180, 183, 220, Independence Party, 153–154, 168 226, 229, 232–234, 238, 244, Independence Party of Károlyi, 261 249–250, 252–253, 277, 279–280 Jewish quota, 281 Sacro egoismo, 250 Kossuthists, 135 Izvolsky, Alexander, 231–232 Law XII of 1867, 122 Left Centre Party, 135, 147, 165 Jagellon dynasty, 8 Liberal Party, 147, 154, 165–167 Jarcke, Karl Ernst, 95 Magyarization, 45, 60, 127, 147–148, Jászi, Oszkár, 19, 200, 225–226 166, 168, 212 The Dissolution of the Habsburg Millennial Celebrations 1896, 167, 191 Monarchy,19 National Academy, 45 Jelačić, Josip, 69, 75–76, 228 National Casino, 45, 147 Jellinek, Hermann, 76 Nationalities Law 1868, 133–134 Jena, 30 Parliamentary absolutism, 204 Jerusalem, 102 Party of '48, 135 Jews, 11, 17, 19, 52, 56, 60, 65, 67, 90, 99, Party of those excluded from the 108, 130–131, 136, 144, 146–147, franchise 1880, 148 149, 151, 164–166, 172–177, 187, Party of Work, 204 203, 207, 209, 215–217, 219–220, Stuhlrichter (szolgabiró)–district 258–259, 280–281 ofﬁcials, 94 Financial role, 52, 58, 99, 108, 143, 146, United (from 1881 Moderate) 173, 217 Opposition Party, 148, 168 Presence in educational system, 218 War Surveillance Commission, 254 Racial deﬁnition under Austrian law, 281 Hussitism, 16 Role in modern culture, 216–220 Joanneum, Graz, 50 Iancu, Avram, 82 Johann, Archduke, 18, 36, 39, 50–52, 55, Illyrian Provinces, 46 67, 71–72, 79–80, 91, 110, 113, 275 Imperial Council plan 1817, 34 John, General Baron Franz, 131 Imperial Court, 75–76, 90–91, 183, Joseph II, 10–12, 17–18, 34, 44, 50, 89, 217, 243 91, 94 Included middle, law of, 23, 193, 209, 283 Pastoral Letter 1783, 94 ‘indispensable power’, 7, 14, 25 Josephism, 12, 17, 34, 36–37, 50–52, 71, Industrial Code of 1859, 164 78, 86, 92, 97, 131, 222 Ingrao, Charles W., 1–2, 7 Joyce, James, 4 Inn River, 41 Judson, Pieter, 20, 191 Innsbruck, 70–71, 74–75, 203 July Crisis 1914, 238, 242, 244, 247, 284 Insurance, sickness and accident, 164 July Revolution 1830, 32 Iraq, 277 Irish Question, 205 k.k. v. k.u.k. controversy, 123, 169 Iron Ring, The, 160–162, 164–166 Kabinettsweg, 34, 55

Index 307

Kafka, Franz, 4, 219, 238, 240 Kuhn von Kuhnenfeld, General Baron Kaiserfeld, Moritz, 120 Franz, 131 Kaizl, Josef, 197–198, 225 Kulturkampf, 142 Kállay, Béni, 179, 181, 229 Kun, Bela, 281 Kálmán, Emmerich, 135, 165, 198, 257 Kuranda, Ignaz, 65 Csardasfürstin, 258 Grenzbote, Die (The Border Courier), 65 I Gave Gold for Iron!, 257 Kálnoky, Count Gustav, 179–181, 186 La Scala, 60 Kann, Robert, 84 Laibach (Ljubljana), 29, 31, 46, 58, 207 Kant, Immanuel, 52, 284 Lake Constance, 5 Karageorgevič dynasty (Serbia), 229 Lammasch, Heinrich, 270 Karl I, 21, 88, 262–263, 265, 267–269, 281 Land reform, 37, 70–74, 93, 229 Abdication and exile, 270 Land survey, 11, 37, 93 Death, 271 Landesübliche Sprache (locally current Manifesto of 16 October 1918, 269–270 language), 130, 163 Karl, Archduke, 55, 113 Landhaus, Vienna, 67 Karlovci, 74 Landwehr, 125 Károlyi, Mihály, 261, 270, 281 Latin, 45, 62–63 Kaunitz Coalition, 155 Latour, Count Theodor Baillet von, 76 Kempen, Baron Johann von, 97, 108 Laurin, Anton von, 56 Khuen-Héderváry, Count Károly, 166, Law of Delegations 1867, 123 198, 204, 228 Law on Nationality Rights, 84, 130, 170 Kielmannsegg, Count Eric, 187 Laxenburg Manifesto, 107 Kiev, 61 Lechner, Ödön, 216 Kleindeutsch option, 79 Legal-Political Reading Association, Kleist, Heinrich von, 257 Vienna, 65–66 Die Hermannschlacht, 257 Legitimacy, 10, 12–13, 28, 34, 54, 80, 84, Klimt, Gustav, 191, 217 90,105,107,260,271,277,282,285 Kodály, Zoltán, 213 Legnago, 70 Koerber, Ernest von, 194–196, 198, 203, Lehár, Franz, 214, 257 205, 208, 222, 261, 263, 275 Come, German Brothers!, 257 Kollár, Ján, 61 The Merry Widow, 214 Slavic Ethnography,61 Leitha River, 2, 20–21, 123, 205 Kolomea, 171 Lemberg (Lviv/Lwow), 47, 61, 68, 74, Kolowrat-Liebsteinsky, Count Franz 250–251 Anton, 33, 37–38, 42, 55, 67, 70 Lemberg, Battle of, 250 Kolozsvár, 142 Lenin (Vladimir Ulyanov), 265 Kolozsvár University, 142 Leopold II, 12, 36, 50, 91 Königgrätz (Sadowa), Battle of, 21, Liberalism, 20, 31–32, 35, 45–46, 59–60, 116–119, 124, 128 66, 68–70, 73, 78, 82, 88, 91–92, 97, Kossuth, Ferenc, 199 108, 112, 114, 120, 126–135, Kossuth, Lajos, 60, 66–67, 70, 75, 82, 138–142, 145–150, 153–157, 135, 199 158–161, 163–166, 170, 172–173, Pesti Hirlap,60 176–177, 182, 185–189, 199, Kotzebue, August von, 30 203–204, 208, 216, 263, 268, Kozler, Peter, 97 275–276 Kramář, Karel, 203, 211, 220, 255, 261, 264 Libya, 234–235 Kraus, Karl, 208, 219, 255, 271 Lieben family, 215 Fackel, Die, 255 Limanowa-Łapanow, Battle of, 250 Last Days of Mankind, The, 255, 271 Linz, 4, 53, 132, 172, 176 Kreise (counties), 84, 94 Linz Programme 1882, 172, 176 Kremsier (Kroměříž), 76, 81, 83–85, 130 Liptovský Svätý Mikuláš,74 Kristóffy, Joseph, 199 Lissa, Battle of, 117 Krobatin, Alexander von, 248 Liszt, Franz, 149, 213 Kübeck, Karl, 86, 97, 108, 111 Hungarian Rhapsodies, 213

308 Index

Lombardy, 5, 26, 44, 46–47, 57–59, 66, 71, Mediterranean Sea, 5–6, 52, 56, 59, 80, 73, 78, 80, 84, 93, 96, 100, 105–106, 180, 266 151, 153, 274 Mehemet Ali, 32, 55–56 Lombardy-Venetia, 47, 55, 57, 60, 73, Meissl und Schadn, 261 79–80, 152 Meitner, Lise, 215 London, 3, 32, 57, 65, 145, 235, 251, Mendel, Gregor, 215 260 Mensdorff-Pouilly, Count Alexander, London, Peace of, 1913, 235 114–115 London, Treaty of, 1915, 251 Merlato, Casper, 56 London, Treaty of, 1839, 57 Messenhauser, Wenzel, 76 Lónyay, Count Menyhért, 141, 143, 146 Metternich, Prince Clemens, 13–14, 16, Loos, Adolf, 215–216 25–36, 38–39, 41–45, 47, 49, 52–58, Lorraine, 1–2, 10–11, 267 61–63, 65, 67, 69, 84–92, 102–103, Louis II Jagellon, 8 274, 284 Louis XIV, 9 Metternich’s System, 28–33, 38, 41–42, Louis-Philippe, 66 45–46, 48–49, 53–55, 65–67, 87 Lower Austria, 50, 107 Mexico, 116 Lower Austrian Estates, 67 Milan, 46, 58, 60, 66–67, 70, 97, 106, 180 Ludendorff, Erich, 252 Military Bill 1912, 203–204, 221, 249 Ludwig, Archduke, 54, 67, 70 Military Chancellery, 101 Lueger, Karl, 173–175, 187, 189–190, 196 Military Frontier, 44, 46, 74–75, 82, 123, Lukács, László, 204 150, 152 Luxemburg dynasty, 7 Ministerial Council, 92, 121 Ministerial responsibility, 30, 85–86, Macedonia, 227, 229 112, 129 Mach, Ernst, 215 Miramare, 114 Mackensen, August von, 252 Missolonghi, 31 Mackintosh, Charles Rennie, 215 Mitteleuropa (Central European Customs Madeira, 271 Union), 269 Magenta, Battle of, 21, 106 Mittelstand (lower middle class), 164 Magris, Claudio, 5 Modena, 26 Mahler, Gustav, 149, 191, 214, 219 Modern Gallery, Vienna, 212 Majláth, György, 115 Modernism, 213, 216 Makart Parade 1879, 156–157 Critical modernism, 219 Makart, Hans, 156–157 Reactionary modernism, 240 ‘Mamelukes’, 167, 199 Mohacs, Battle of, 8 Manchesterism, 173 Mohr, Joseph, 41 Mantua, 70 Moldau (Vltava) River, 5, 53 Marginocentricity, 22, 212, 283 Moldavia. See Romania Margutti, Alexander, 244 Molden, Berthold, 284–285 Maria Theresa, 10–11 Moll, Carl, 214 Marie Antoinette, 13 Montebello, 73 Marie Louise, 13 Monteﬁore, Moses, 56 Martial law, 65, 73, 97, 105, 137, 186, 203, Montenegro, 150, 179, 231–233, 235, 232, 253–254 238, 259 Marx, Karl, 160 Moravia, 35, 48, 76, 112, 137, 139–141, Masaryk, Thomas, 220, 232, 280 162–163, 186–189, 194, 196, 206, Matscheko Memorandum, 238, 245–246 209, 253, 281–282 Maximilian (Ferdinand Max), 89, 97, 114 Moravian Compromise 1905, 196, 209, 281 Maximilian I, 7 Moroccan Crisis, First, 1906, 233 May Laws, 132, 142 Moroccan Crisis, Second, 1911, 234 Mayerling, 184 Morocco, 233–234 Mazzini, Giuseppe, 46, 57, 97 Mostar, 234 Medicine, Viennese School of, 215 multinationalism, 4, 6–7, 15, 19–20, 65, Mediterranean Entente, 180 78–79, 96, 160, 181, 184, 199–200,

Index 309

202, 208, 211–216, 224–225, 230, Ethnonationalism, 141 241, 256, 279–281, 283 German, 18, 29, 56, 67–68, 71, 73, Münchengrätz, 32 76–81, 94–95, 120, 138, 147–149, Munich, 283 154, 157, 172–173, 175–176, 178, Munich Conference 1938, 283 187, 201–203, 209, 212, 255, Mürzsteg agreement 1903, 227 257, 281 Museums, Art Historical and Natural Die Wacht am Rhein,56 Historical, Vienna, 156 German School Association, 171 Musikverein (Gesellschaft der Musikfreunde), People’s Party, 173, 188–189 41, 145 Provisional National Assembly Musil, Robert, 2, 22, 223, 283 of German-Austria, 270 The Man without Qualities, 22, 223 Italian, 35, 47, 57, 67, 195, 204, 274 Parallel Campaign, 223 Young Italy, 46 Muslims, 151, 229, 233, 235 Magyar, 43, 46, 60, 62–63, 74, 95, 110, Mussolini, Benito, 277 120, 133–135, 148, 151, 166, 169, 180–181, 197, 228, 281 Nagodba 1868, 123, 127, 133–134, 166 Noble, 43 Naples, 29, 46, 66 Polish, 5, 47–48, 57, 64, 74, 110, 177, Napoleon Bonaparte, 12–14, 25 220, 269 Hundred Days, The, 26 Central National Council, 74 Napoleon III, 83, 90, 100, 102, 104–106, Christian People’s Party, 175, 177 114, 116, 118, 138 Municipal Theatre, Cracow, 207 Napoleonic Wars, 14, 25, 71 National Democratic Party, 177 National Bank, 37, 66, 98, 143 Regency Council, Warsaw, 270 National Socialism, 4, 215, 282–283 Political, 42 Nationalism, 4, 6, 13, 16, 18–19, 22, 23, ‘Political Nation’,42–43, 45, 47, 61, 28–30, 35–36, 41–50, 54, 56–57, 64–65, 68, 82, 119, 126, 134–136, 59–67, 70, 73–75, 77, 79, 87, 94–96, 170–171, 199 100, 107, 110, 120, 133, 135, 141, Romanian, 46, 68, 74, 82 149, 154, 160–161, 168–173, Gazeta de Transilvania,62 175–178, 180–181, 187, 192, 196, Romanian National Committee, 269 198, 200, 203, 206, 208–209, Ruthenian, 47, 61, 172 215–216, 219–220, 224, 228, 232, Supreme Ruthenian Council, 74 238, 240, 242–243, 264–265, 269, Serb, 46, 74 274–275, 279, 281–282, 286 Slovak, 46, 61, 74 ‘nations without history’, 43, 47 Slovenian, 46, 97, 136, 177 ‘Historic’ nations, 46, 96 Alpine Slavic, 46 Civic, 42, 133 Young Slovenes, 177 Croatian, 45, 62, 74, 210 South Slav, 232 Illyrianism, 46, 62–63 National Council of Slovenes, Croats što dialect, 46 and Serbs, 270 Cultural, 41, 43, 47, 96, 170 South Slav National Committee, 269 Czech, 16, 63–64, 96, 110, 154, 178, 195 Yugoslav Club, 265 Budivoj, 171 May Declaration, 265 Central School Foundation, 171 Navarino, Battle of, 31 Czech Legion, 264 Navy, Habsburg, 117, 125, 169, 223, Czech National Committee, 280 266, 269 Czech Union, 265 Neo-absolutism, 20, 91–93, 96–97, 99, Czechoslovak National Council, 269 105–106 Matice Česká, 49, 63 Neo-Baroque, 216 Old Czechs, 139, 172, 177, 185–186 Neo-Slav Congress, 203 Prague National Committee, 73 Neo-Slavism, 211 Radical State Right Party, 175 Nestroy, Johann, 65 Sokol, 177 Netherlands, 7–9, 16, 25–26, 32, 57 Young Czechs, 172, 175, 177, 186 Neue Freie Presse, 209, 220, 225, 271

310 Index

Neues Wiener Tagblatt,21 Patent, February, 111–112, 115–116, 124, Neufchâtel, 105 129–130 Neumann, John von, 215 Patrimonial administrations, 93 Neurath, Otto, 219, 283 Pauli, Wolfgang, 215 Nibelungentreue, 257 Peasantry, 11, 37, 45, 59, 61, 64, 66, 68, Nicholas I, Tsar, 32, 83, 102–103 71–72, 74–75, 91, 93, 162, 164, Nikolsburg, 120 201, 259 Nikolsburg, Armistice of, 120 Emancipation of the, 60, 68, 70, 72, 74, Nizza (Nice), 105–106 86, 93, 98 Nordbahn Affair, 173 Pécs, 269 North German Confederation, 117 Pellico, Silvio, 35 Northern Railway (Kaiser Ferdinand Pereira family, 52 Nordbahn),52–53, 58, 173 Pergen, Johann Count, 12 Novara, 83 Pernerstorfer, Engelbert, 148 Novibazar, Sanjak of, 152, 231, Perthaler, Hans, 111 235 Perutz, Max, 215 Peschiera, 70 Oberndorf, 41 Pﬁtzner, Hans, 214 Obrenovič, Milan, 180 Pfordten, Ludwig von, 116 Ofenheim, Victor von, 147 Philhellenism, 31 Old Conservatives, 109–110 Philip II, 16 Olmütz (Olomouc), 76, 81, 87 Piave River, 266, 268 Olympic Games, 220 Picciotto, Isaac, 56 Opera, Court (Hofoper), 107, 145, 191 Piedmont-Savoy, 26, 29, 46–47, 57, 59, 68, Operetta, 180, 213–214, 257–258 70, 73, 83, 101, 104–106, 152, 221, Ossilineum, 47 227, 236 Ossilinski, Count Joseph, 47 Pietas Austriaca,16 Otakar of Bohemia, 7 Pig War 1906–10, 230, 234 Otto von Habsburg, 262 Pillersdorf, Baron Franz von, 70–71 Ottoman Empire, 8–9, 15, 31–32, 44, 55, Pius IX, 57, 59, 66 103, 150–153, 179, 229, 231, Plener, Ernst von, 187 234–236, 277 Plener, Ignaz von, 109 Republic of Turkey, 277 Pless Palace, 252 Young Turk revolution, 231 Plochl, Anna, 39, 51 Plombières, 105 Palacký, František, 18–19, 48, 63–64, 73, Pluralism, 4, 7, 23, 176, 213–216, 241, 280, 96, 141, 177 283–284 History of the Czech Nation in Bohemia Po River, 5 and Moravia,48 Poland, 4–5, 11, 13, 18, 26, 32, 47–48, 57, Palermo, 66 61, 64, 69, 74, 110, 120–121, 126, Palestine, 277 136–138, 142, 148, 161, 171–172, Palmerston, Henry John Temple, Viscount, 186, 203, 207, 220, 251–252, 260, 32, 57 269–270, 277, 280, 282 Pan-German Nationalists, 187, 189 First Partition, 11 Panslavism, 61, 64, 73, 232 Kingdom of Poland (Congress Poland), Papacy, 59, 98, 132, 142 26, 32 Declaration of Infallibility, Papal, 133 1830 revolt, 32, 47, 61 Papal States, 66 1863 revolt, 120 Paris, 26, 31–32, 66–67, 90, 99, 104–105, Polish rebellion of 1794, 13 260, 269 Second and Third Partititions, 13 Paris, Peace of 1856, 104 Poles, 47, 78, 112, 121, 135–137, 139, 142, Paris, Second Treaty of, 1815, 26 149, 155, 162, 188, 203, 209, 229, Paris, Treaty of, 1814, 26 279, 282 Parma, 26, 263 Police, 35, 55, 57, 63, 89, 97, 100, 190, Pašić, Nikola, 238 199, 204, 254–255

Index 311

Police state, 35, 97, 100 Railways, 3, 33, 52–53, 58, 66, 98–99, 132, Polish Club, 186, 203 136, 143, 146–147, 151, 156–157, ‘Politics of the new key’, 148, 175 181, 194–195, 206, 223, 228, 231, Polytechnikum, Vienna, 52 246–249, 260 Popovici, Aurel, 225 Austrian State Railways, 3, 194 Popper, Karl, 219, 283 Franz-Joseph Railway, 143 Popular sovereignty, 14, 30, 69, 84, 129, Northern Railway (Kaiser Ferdinand 275, 284 Nordbahn), 52–53, 58, 173 Portugal, 32, 57 Southern Railway (Südbahn), 6, 58, 99 Postal Savings Banks, 216 Raimund, Ferdinand, 39, 65 Postl, Carl, 65 Der Verschwender,49 Austria as It Is,65 Rainer, Archduke, 47 Potocki, Count Alfred, 138 Rašín, Alois, 280 Pragmatic Sanction, 9, 18, 124 Ratti-Menton, Ulysse, 56 Prague, 4, 42, 49–50, 58–59, 63, 65, 73, 76, Rauscher, Othmar von, 88 79, 97, 117, 143, 162–163, 175, Realpolitik, 11, 14 186, 190, 203, 206, 211, 217, 220, Rechberg, Count Johann Bernhard, 106, 232, 256, 260, 270 108, 113–114 Prague, Peace of, 117 Rechtsstaat (rule of law), 130, 208, 254, Prater Park, 145, 191, 256 274–275 Prater rotunda, 145 Red Cross, 106 Pražák, Alois, 139, 163 Red Vienna, 281 Pressburg (Pozsony, Bratislava), 60, Redlich, Joseph, 89, 191, 194, 196, 66–67, 70 223, 244 Princip, Gavrilo, 21, 238, 246 Reform Association, Vienna, 173 ‘Prison of the nations’,15–16, 20 Reichsgericht (Imperial Supreme Court), Projekt Mitteleuropa,19 130, 208 Protestants, 11, 16 Reichsrat (imperial council/parliament), 2, Provence, 79–80 86, 97, 108–109, 111–113, 115, Provincial assemblies (Landtage or diets), 117, 120–124, 129–131, 136–142, 108–112, 115, 120, 130, 137–140, 147–149, 154–155, 160–161, 163, 162, 178, 195, 203, 211, 244, 253 165, 169, 181, 186, 188–190, 192, Autonomous administrations, 204, 210, 194–195, 198, 200–204, 223, 244, 221, 224 253, 257, 263–265, 269–270, 272 Tax surcharges, 222 Reinforced Reichsrat, 108 Provisional National Assembly of German Reichstadt, 152 Austria, 270 Reichstadt Agreement 1876, 152 Prussia, 10–11, 13–14, 18, 20, 25–26, Reichstag (imperial parliament), 71–72, 76, 30–32, 56, 68–69, 78–79, 81–82, 87, 79, 81, 83–85, 130 95, 98, 104–106, 113–117, Reichsverweser (imperial regent), 71, 119–120, 138, 140, 208 79, 81 Przemys´l, 251, 256 Reinhardt, Max, 214 Psychoanalysis, 215 Renner, Karl, 19, 225, 270 Punctation of Olmütz, 81, 87 Personal autonomy, 225 Putin, Vladimir, 242 Revolution of 1848, 67, 69–70, 78, 87, 169, 191 Quadrilateral fortresses, 70, 106 Revolution, threat of, 29, 31, 34 Quadruple Alliance 1815, 26 Rezzori, Gregor von, 17 Quadruple Alliance 1834, 32 Memoirs of an Antisemite,17 Quintuple Alliance, 29 Rhine River, 5, 41, 56, 258 Quixote, Don, 28 Richelieu, Cardinal, 8 Rieger, František, 139, 177 Raab (Györ), 89 Riesenrad, 191 Radetzky, Josef, 67, 70, 73, 77, 83 Rijeka. See Fiume Radium Research, Institute for, 215 Rilke, Rainer Maria, 256

312 Index

Ringstrasse, 99, 144–145, 156, 272 Schiller Centennial 1859, 100 Risorgimento, 47 Schiller, Friedrich, 40, 100 Robot (labour service), 37, 58, 64, 68, 74, 93 ‘Ode to Joy’,40 Roma, 280 Schleswig-Holstein, 68–69, 79, 114, Romania, 31, 103, 150–151, 179–180, 182, 116–117 220, 236, 238, 245, 252, 277, 280 Schmerling, Anton von, 80, 85, 110–115, Romanians, 31, 46, 62, 68, 74–75, 82, 126, 119–121, 126, 130, 136, 143 180, 182, 209, 220, 228, 238, 245, Schnitzler, Arthur, 219, 258 269, 279 The Road to the Open, 219 Romanov dynasty, 276 Schoeller, Johann Christian, 40 Romanticism, 28, 31, 36, 42–43, 48, 63, Schoenberg, Arnold, 219 88, 213 Schönbrunn, 250, 261 Rome, 2, 6–8, 10, 12–13, 27, 59, 62, 66, 69, Schönerer, Georg von, 21, 173, 83, 257, 267 189 Roosevelt, Theodore, 226, 276 Schratt, Katharina, 184 Roth, Joseph, 17, 283 Schrödinger, Erwin, 215, 283 Rothschild family, 52–53, 58, 99, 108, 143, Schubert, Franz, 39 146, 173, 206, 217 Schwarzenberg, Prince Felix zu, 76, 80–86, Rothschild, Anselm, 99, 108 88–89, 91–93, 100, 102–103 Rowno ‘black-yellow’ campaign, 251 Schwarzwald, Eugenia, 217 Rubens, Peter Paul, 156 Schwechat, 76 Rudigier, Bishop Franz Joseph, 132 Scutari, 235 Rudolf Habsburg, 7, 15 Sealsﬁeld, Charles. See Postl, Carl Rudolf, Crown Prince, 18, 21, 180, Secession Building, 217 184–185, 217, 275 Secession, Viennese, 191, 212, 217 Rumbold, Horace, 230 Second society, 156, 183–184, 217 Rumpler, Helmut, 20 Secret police, 35 Eine Chance für Mitteleuropa,20 Security Committee, Vienna, 70–71, 76 Russia, 1, 5, 13–14, 18, 25–27, 29–32, Sedan, Battle of, 138 47–48, 55, 57, 61, 64, 69, 79, 81–83, Sedlnitzky, Count Joseph von, 63 87, 102–104, 116, 120, 134, 140, Seidler von Feuchtenegg, 150–153, 155, 179–180, 182, 205, Ernst, 265 220, 226–227, 229–233, 235–236, Semmering Pass, 52 238, 242, 245, 247–252, 255, 257, Serbia, 103, 150–151, 153, 179–180, 221, 260, 262–265 227, 229, 231–236, 238, 240, Bolshevik Party, 265, 277 242–251, 257, 259–260, 270, February Revolution, 265 273, 280 October Revolution, 265 Customs union with Bulgaria, 229 Soviet Union, 277, 283 Serbs, 46, 74–75, 151, 181, 227, 233, Ruthenes (Ukrainians), 47, 61, 74, 112, 235–236, 242, 270, 277, 126, 136, 161–162, 164, 172, 203, 284–285 209, 220, 254–255, 280 Seton-Watson, R.W., 232 Seven Years War, 10 Šafařík, Pavel, 48, 61 Sherif Pasha, 56 Salisbury, Lord Robert Cecil, 152 Sieghart, Rudolf, 194, 203 Salzach River, 41 Silesia, 5, 10–11, 48, 137, 140, 250, Salzburg, 27, 41, 253 253, 277 Salzburg Agreement 1916, 253 Sina, Georg von, 58 San Stefano, Treaty of, 1878, 152 Six Acts, 32 Saphir, Moritz, 41, 65 Sixtus Affair, 267 Der Humorist,65 Sixtus of Bourbon-Parma, 263, 267 Sarajevo, 3, 15, 21, 192, 238, 242 Sked, Alan, 20, 35, 87 Savoy, 105 Slav Conference 1866, 120 Saxony, 26, 117, 119 Slavic Congress, 73, 79 Schäfﬂe, Albert, 139 Slovakia, 5

Index 313

Slovaks, 46, 61, 74, 95, 148, 265, 277, Die Fledermaus, 146 279–280, 283 Emperor Waltz, 180 Slovenes, 18, 52, 78, 80, 97, 121, 126, 130, Stremayr ordinances, 162 136–137, 163, 177, 185, 187, 204, Stremayr, Karl von, 154–155, 162 207, 211, 223, 227, 235, 255, 270, Strindberg, August, 285 277, 280 Stürgkh, Karl, 203–204, 244, 253–254, 261 Novice,52 Stuttgart, 81 Slovenia, 46 Styria, 46, 50–52, 120, 177, 185, 187, 204, Smetana, Bedřich, 213 255, 277 Ma vlast, 213 Styrian Agricultural Society, 51 Social Darwinism, 134 Styrian Association for Encouragement and Social Democrats, 176–178, 188, 190, 196, Support of Industry and Trades, 52 200–201, 203, 260–261, 270 Styrian autonomists, 120 Brünn Programme 1899, 177 Sub-Carpatho-Ruthenia, 277 Social imperialism, 230, 243 Suez Canal, 132, 143, 152, 210 Socialism, 160, 164, 176–177, 282 Supilo, Frano, 232 Sokol, 172 Supranationalism, 4, 6, 13, 15, 120, 178, Solferino, Battle of, 21, 106 192, 201, 219, 225, 241, 248, 256, Sonderbund War, 57 271, 275–276, 283 Sonnenfels, Joseph von, 17 Swabia, 7 Sophie, Archduchess, 77, 88, 133 Sweden, 8 Sophie, Duchess of Hohenberg, 192, 226 Switzerland, 7, 197, 226, 270 South American rebellion, 29–30 Sylvesterpatent, 86, 88, 90, 94 South German Union, 117–118 Syria, 56, 277 South Slav problem, 150, 227, 233–234 Széchenyi, István, 42, 45, 50, 60 South Slavs, 45–46, 120, 127, 150, 181, 221, Credit,45 227–230, 232–236, 238, 240–241, Ligiht,45 245, 265, 269–270, 277, 279 Stages,45 South Tyrol, 252, 277, 279–280 Szécsen, Count Antal, 109 Spa, 15, 267–269 Széll, Kálmán, 198 Spain, 7–9, 13, 16, 29–30, 32, 57 Szeps, Moritz, 184 Spencer, Herbert, 134 Szilard, Leo, 215 Sperber, Manès, 261 Spielberg prison, 35, 46 Taaffe, Count Eduard, 137, 154–155, 157, Spitzmüller, Alexander, 195 160–166, 170, 175, 178–179, 181, ‘Springtime of the Peoples’,67 185–186, 195, 201, 207 St Germain, Treaty of, 277, 279 Kaiserminister, 161, 165, 181, 185 St Stephen’s Cathedral, 78 Teller, Edward, 215 Stadion, Count Franz, 74, 85–86, 93 Teschen (Cieszyn/Těšín), 250, 263 Stadion, Count Johann Philipp, 13, 18 Theater an der Wien,65 State Conference, 55, 57, 70 Thiers, Adolphe, 56 State Council, 33–34 Thirty Years War, 8 Steed, Henry Wickham, 220, 222–223, 226 Three Emperors League 1873, 151, 262 Steinbach, Emil, 164–165, 186 Three Emperors’ Alliance 1881, 180 Steinwender, Otto, 173, 188–189 Thun-Hohenstein, Count Leo, 95–97, Sternberg family, 49 107, 141 Stifter, Adalbert, 97–98 Thun-Hohenstein, Prince Franz, 193 Der Nachsommer,97–98 Tisza, István, 198–199, 204, 210, 222, Stojałowski, Father Ignaz, 175 245–246, 254, 265 Strauss, Johann, the Elder, 41, 73 Tisza, Kálmán, 135, 147–148, 153–154, Radetzky March,73 165–169, 179, 197 Strauss, Johann, the Younger, 128, 146, Tiszaeszlár Affair 1882, 166 180, 213 Tobacco riots, 66 By the Beautiful Blue Danube, 128 Tocqueville, Alexis de, 263 Der Zigeunerbaron, 180, 213 Todesco, Palais, 144

314 Index

Toman, Lovro, 130, 136 Vetsera, Marie, 184 Transylvania, 8, 11, 16, 31, 44, 61–62, 68, Vienna 1900, 4, 191, 220, 226 74, 82, 93, 97, 110, 123, 127, 213, Vienna Circle, 215 220, 228, 238, 245–246, 252, Vienna city council, 92, 175–176, 187, 277, 280 266 Saxons, 62, 280 Vienna Court Library, 47 Seklers, 62, 280 Vienna Final Act 1820, 30 Transylvanian Diet, 44, 62 Vienna Stock Exchange, 99, 143, 145 Transylvanian Court Chancellery, 44 Vienna University, 147 Trasformismo, 170 Vienna World Exhibition 1873, 145 Trent, 27, 204 Világos, 83 Trentino, 220, 251 Villafranca, 106–107 Trialism, 226, 230, 236, 252 Villafranca, Preliminary Peace of, 106–107 Trianon, Treaty of, 277 ‘Viribus unitis’,85 Trieste, 3–6, 46, 50, 52, 58–59, 67, 78, 80, Vistula River, 5 99, 114, 132, 143–144, 204, 210, Vitkovice Iron Works, 52, 206 220, 223, 260, 277 Vittore Emmanuele, 106 Triple Alliance 1882, 179, 182, 186, Vogelsang, Karl von, 173 249, 251 Vormärz (Era before March 1848), 58, Triple Entente, 233, 238, 246, 251–252, 260 64, 99 Troppau, 29, 49 Votivkirche, 97 Turkey. See Ottoman Empire Tuscany, 12, 26 Wagner, Otto, 156, 215–216 Tyrol, 13, 50, 57, 73, 112, 137, 165, Wagner, Richard, 149, 213 178–179, 185 Wahrmund Affair, 203 Tyrolean rebellion of 1809, 50 Wahrmund, Ludwig, 203 Waldmüller, Ferdinand Georg, 39, 49 Ulster, 220 Wallachia. See Romania Ulster Volunteer Force, 220 Wanga, 259 Umgangssprache (language of daily use), War Archives, 256 170–171, 178 Donauland, 257 Uniate Church, 61–62 War Grain Control Agency, 260 United Christian Party 1887, 173 War Manifesto 1914, 247, 273 United Court Chancellery, 44 War of the Austrian Succession, 10 United Provinces. See Netherlands War of the Romantics, 149 United States of America, 7, 111, 206, 216, War Press Ofﬁce, 255–256 266, 268 Art Group, 256 Declarations of war 1917, 266 War Production Law, 253, 258 Unkiar-Skelessi, Treaty of, 32 War Surveillance Ofﬁce, 253–254, 256 Urbanization, 169 Warsaw, 5, 270 Wartburg, 29 Valona, 251 Waterloo, Battle of, 25 Venetia, 5, 13, 26, 44, 46–47, 57–59, 66, Watt, James, 51 71, 73, 78, 80, 84, 93, 96, 100, Weininger, Otto, 21 105–106, 111–113, 116–118, 151, Wekerle, Sandor, 200, 204, 265, 270 153, 274, 284–285 Wenceslas Square, 256 Venetian Republic, 13, 26 Werfel, Franz, 16–17, 283 Venice, 58, 60, 67, 70, 73, 83, 266 The Pure in Heart,16 Verdi, Giuseppe, 60 Wergenthin, Georg von, 220 Nabucco,60 Wertheimstein, Josephine von, 217 Verona, 30–31, 70 Wesselényi, Baron Miklós, 60 Versailles, Peace of, 277 Wessenberg, Johann von, 71, 76 Verwaltungsgerichtshof (Administrative Western Allies, 241, 265, 267–269, 277, Court), 130, 171, 208 279, 281

Index 315

Westphalia, 26 Wolf, Karl Hermann, 173, 189 Westphalia, Peace of, 8 Württemberg, 139 Weyl, Josef, 128 White Mountain, Battle of the, 16 Yugoslavia (Kingdom of Serbs, Croats Wiener Theaterzeitung,41 and Slovenes), 277, 280, 283 Wiener Werkstätte, 215 Wigner, Eugene, 215 Zabern Affair, 205 Wildgans, Anton, 257 Zagreb, 68, 74–75, 232–233, 270 Wilhelm I (Prussia), 113, 173 Zara (Zadar), 228 Wilhelm II, 180, 183, 232, 236, 252, Ziemialkowski, Florian, 69 267, 276 Zionism, 176, 220 Wilson, Woodrow, 266, 269–270, 279 Zita, Empress-Queen, 262–263 Fourteen Points speech, 269 Zollverein, 32, 38, 56, 98 Windischgrätz, Prince Alfred, 73, 76, 82 Zuckerkandl, Berta, 217–218 Windischgrätz, Prince Alfred III, 186, Zuckerkandl, Emil, 217 189 Zuckermann, Hugo, 257 Winter Riding School, Hofburg, 72 Song of the Cavalryman, 257 Wittek, Heinrich von, 193 Zürich, 106 Wittgenstein, Karl, 217 Zürich, Peace of 1859, 106 Wittgenstein, Ludwig, 4, 21–22, 215, 219, Zweig, Stefan, 17 270, 283 ‘world of security’,17 Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus,22 The World of Yesterday,17