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Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-03592-8 - Documents on Conservative Foreign Policy, 1852–1878: Camden Fifth Series: Volume 41 Edited by Geoffrey Hicks, John Charmley and Bendor Grosvenor Index More information

INDEX

Abdul Aziz I, Sultan of Turkey 220, 230n and Russo-Turkish War 267n, 268, 269, Abdul Hamid II, Sultan of Turkey 20 292–293, 313–315, 336, 348–349 Abdulmejid¨ I, Sultan of Turkey 121n Antonelli, Cardinal Giacomo 63, 64, 80, 82, Aberdeen, George Hamilton-Gordon, 4th 83, 85, 371 Earl 13, 55, 371 appeasement 30 About, Edmond Franc¸ois Valentin 170n Apponyi, Rudolf, Graf Apponyi von Nagy- Addington, Henry Unwin 61n, 63, 79, 371 41–42, 115, 175, 371 Adelbert of Bavaria 69, 77, 78, 83 and Italy 133–134, 137, 141, 144, 148–149, Adrianople 235 151, 154, 169 in Russo-Turkish War 295, 301, 318, 322, and Luxembourg 190 344 and Prussia 187 Adullamites 162n armaments, increased expenditure on 324n, Afghanistan, and Russian threat 18, 339 325–327, 330n, 332 Airlie, David Graham Drummond Ogilvy, Armenia 5th Earl of 107 and Britain 24, 300 Albert Edward, Prince of Wales 118, 177, and Russia 294, 307, 320 178, 267, 371 army Albert, Prince (Francis) Augustus Charles British 93, 97, 210, 318–319, 324, 339 Emmanuel of Saxe-Coburg-Gotha 371 French 17, 139, 140–141, 201 and Belgium 142–143 Prussian 201–202 and foreign policy 7, 57, 75, 77, 78, 125 Russian 146, 347 and Malmesbury 75 Turkish 321 and Napoleon III 113, 158 Army Enlistment Act (1870) 339n and national defence 92, 100 Augusta, Princess of Sachsen-Weimar- and political interference 118 Eisenbach 114n and Prussia 145 Augustenburg, Christian August, Duke of Alexander II, Tsar of Russia 371 48, 58n, 68, 371 awarded Order of the Garter 10, 177–178 Austria and Franz Josef of Austria 36, 137, 267n and Constantinople Conference 258 and occupation of Constantinople 362n and France 3, 47, 49–51, 89, 117n, 118, proposed British mission to 258–259 124, 133–134, 135n, 136–137, 139– and Wilhelm I of Germany 211n 140, 144–145, 195 Alexander Karageorgevic,´ Prince of Serbia and Germany 12, 29, 196, 251, 311 133, 134 and Italy 12, 35, 61, 75, 133–134, 135n, Alfred, Duke of Edinburgh 218n 137–138, 140–142, 144, 146, 148–150, Ali Pasha, Grand Vizier of Turkey 128 169 Alice Maud Mary, Princess of Hesse 262 and Newton affair 71, 72, 73–74 Alsace and Lorraine 263–264 and Piedmont-Sardinia 8, 138 Andrassy,´ Count Gyula 213n, 214, 246, 371 and Poland 307 Andrassy´ Note 36, 218–219, 221–223, 229 and Russia 28–29, 36, 48, 75, 77, 133–134, and Berlin Memorandum 223n 136–137, 220–221, 257n, 267, 344 and Beust 268, 269, 313 and Serbia 179, 220, 279 and Bismarck 251 and Turkey 18–19, 21, 28–29, 119, 133, and Bosnia 233, 234 135–136, 183, 218–221, 222n, 244– and Reichstadt agreement 28, 36 245, 251, 262

© in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-03592-8 - Documents on Conservative Foreign Policy, 1852–1878: Camden Fifth Series: Volume 41 Edited by Geoffrey Hicks, John Charmley and Bendor Grosvenor Index More information

382 INDEX

and Tuscany 9, 10–11, 67–68, 71n, 72 Bentinck, William Charles Philip Otho, see also Balkans; Italian Wars of Inde- Baron Bentinck, 7th Count of pendence, Third; Prussia; Russo- Waldeck-Limburg 184 Turkish War Berlin Congress (1878) 2, 14, 29, 364–365, Austro-Prussian War (1866) 4, 8–9, 35–36, 368 166–167 Berlin Memorandum 19, 21, 36, 222n, 223n, Austro-Sardinian War (1859) 224–226, 228–229, 231, 248 British moves to avoid 10, 11, 14, 148–157 Berlin, Treaty of (1878) 29, 36 and British neutrality 9, 155, 158, 160 Bernard, Dr Simon 97n Azeglio, Massimo Taparelli, marchese d’ Bernstorff, Albrecht, Graf von 41–42, 107, 152 114, 115, 372 Azeglio, Victor Emmanuel Taparelli, and Austro-Sardinian War 151, 158 marchese d’ 107, 190, 194, 198, 372 and Cagliari incident 99–100, 110–111, 128–130 and Luxembourg 184–186, 188, 190–191 balance of power 12, 146n, 294, 367 and Prussian disarmament 201 Balkans Bessarabia, and Russia 308 armistice (1876) 19, 222n, 225n, 226, 244, Beust, Friedrich Ferdinand, Baron 42, 175, 247, 250–251, 254, 259n, 260–263, 183, 195 265 and Andrassy´ 268, 269, 313 and Austria 18–19, 21, 28–29, 119, 133, and Balkans 234, 241 135–136, 244–246, 255–258 and Luxembourg 187–188 and Russia 28–29, 110, 134, 136, 214, and Russia 267 220, 229–230, 232–234, 245–246, and Russo-Turkish War 283, 285, 291– 255, 257–258, 260,290–291, 295 292, 304, 313, 315, 344, 348–349 and San Stefano Treaty 367–368 and Turkey 218 uprisings 18–19, 21, 36, 109–110, 119, 213– Bismarck, Otto Eduard Leopold 2, 196, 215, 214, 219–220, 254–257 372 see also Bosnia-Herzegovina; Bulgaria; and Austria 12, 29, 196, 251, 262n Montenegro; Serbia; Turkey and Balkans 18–19, 257–258 Baring, Walter 247 and Belgium 174n, 181, 182, 189, 210–211 Barron, Henry Page Turner 101, 372 and British Empire 316 and Mather case 9, 60, 62–63, 100n and European Commission of the Bath, John Alexander Thynne, 4th Danube 200 Marquess of 106 foreign policy 16–19 Batoum 300, 307 and France 16–17, 181–182, 185, 195–196, Russian acquisition 279, 283, 291, 200, 263–264, 271, 315–316 332n and ‘German Revolution’ 16–17 Baude, Georges Napoleon, Baron Baude and King of Hanover 168 198 and Luxembourg 184–185, 187–188, 190 Bavaria, and Greek succession crisis 69, 77, and Odo Russell 211n, 251, 268n, 271, 307, 78, 83–84 319 Baxter, William Edward 235 and Russia 29, 262, 266, 268, 273, 302, Belgium 308 and Albert, Prince Consort 142–143 and Russian Protocol on Turkey 275, 278 British support for 189, 204, 205, 211 and Russo-Turkish War 315–316, 319, 329 European guarantee 206 and Turkey 223n, 226, 230, 251 and France 8, 10, 11, 52–53, 74, 80, 142– and Turkish armistice proposals 19, 262 144, 182, 189, 204, 269 Black Sea, control of 173, 249, 311, 320n and Germany 210–211 Bloomﬁeld, John Arthur Douglas 43–44, 77, and Gladstone 12 170, 372 and Luxembourg 186–191 and Austrian ﬁnances 175 and Prussia 174, 181, 182, 189 and Luxembourg 187

INDEX 383

and Neuchatelˆ 75 and Turkey 107n, 112, 112n, 118, 120, 122, and Prussia 136, 138 127–128 Borthwick, Sir Algernon 144 Bunsen, Christian Karl Josias von 41, 373 Bosnia-Herzegovina and Neuchatelˆ 54–55, 57 and Austria 29, 279, 332n Buol-Schauenstein, Count Karl Ferdinand and Montenegro 109n, 119n 41, 78, 373 and Russia 232–234 and Austrian refugees 49–50 uprising of 1875 18, 36, 213–214, 219–222, and Danubian principalities 133, 136, 137 254 and Italy 138, 140, 141–142, 144–145 Bosphorus 23, 324, 348, 368n and Mather case 62, 67–68 Boulay de la Meurthe, Antoine 154n and Montenegro 120 Bourke, Robert, Baron Connemara 236, and Napoleon III 136, 144 240, 372 and Newton case 71, 72, 74 Bradford, Selina Weld-Foreste, Countess of and Sardinia 153 239 Butler, R.A. 31 Bright, John 242n 316 British Empire, and Germany Cabinet of 1858–1859 104, 156n Brown, David 1 1866 1868 178 41 42 53 Cabinet of – Brunnow,¨ Filip Ivanovich, Baron – , , Cabinet of 1874–1878 210, 219, 221n, 225n, 246, 372 243 252 254 272 301 56 , – , , and Anglo-Russian alliance proposal , and Bulgarian Atrocities 20–21, 39 263–264 20 22 24 27 110 and Great Eastern Crisis – , – , and Balkans 243, 252–254, 272, 275–278, 280, and Cretan revolt 172, 173, 174, 175–177 284 294 306 69 70 77 83 – , and Greek succession , , , inﬂuence of Derby (15th Earl) 15 and Italy 149, 150 6 7 21 22 24 26 317 190 internal divisions – , – , – , , and Luxembourg 337, 350–358 and Napoleon III 93, 120 27 28 30 239 297 302 321 322 75 76 leaks – , , , , , – , and Neuchatelˆ , 337–338, 362, 365–366 and Order of the Garter 177–178 275 278 280 1875 and Russo-Turkish War – , , Brussels conference on usages of war ( ) 284–294, 298–299, 306, 310–312, 209n 316 318 321 322 324 337 340 44 246 268 304 – , – , – , , Buchanan, Sir Andrew , , , , 343–347, 350–351 306, 331n 11 107 2 3 24 212 215 235 243 Cagliari incident , Buckle, G.E. , , , n, n, n, n, and France 104, 105–106, 130 287n, 354n 9 10 99 103 104 105 108 254 367 and Naples , , – , , , – Bulgaria , n 112, 128–130 and Russia 28, 29, 257n, 268, 279, 284, 99 103 104 106 292 317 332 348 and Piedmont-Sardinia , , – , n, , n, 108–109, 110–112 Bulgarian Atrocities 36 99 100 110 111 128 130 19 242 247 249 and Prussia – , – , – and Derby , , – Cairns, Hugh McCalmont, 1st Earl Cairns and Disraeli 20–21, 235, 240, 245, 248– 38 101 216 373 250 , , , and Great Eastern Crisis 22, 26, 242–243, and Gladstone 20, 249–250 252 253 247 248 – and Northcote – letters: to Hardy 252; to Richmond 254; Bulwer, Sir Henry 306n 253 286 312 319 320 37 to Disraeli , , , – Bulwer, (William) Henry Lytton Earle , Memorandum 332–334 43, 75, 372 280 286 287 112 118 120 122 123 127 and Russo-Turkish War n, , – and Canning , , , , , – 288, 312, 317n, 331n 128 100 61 62 65 Cambridge, Prince George, Duke of , and Mather case n, , 212n, 373 and papacy 59, 63, 64–65, 79–80, 81–82, 109 85 Canning, Charles, Viscount Canning n Canning, George 20, 30

384 INDEX

Canning, Stratford, Viscount Stratford de Concert of Europe, and Derby (15th Earl) Redcliffe 43–44, 66, 373 17, 22 and Bulwer 112, 118, 120, 122, 123, 127–128 conservatism, Bismarckian 8 and Turkey 108, 112, 118, 120, 121, 122, Conspiracy to Murder Bill (1858) 8, 96n, 97 123 Constantinople Carafa, Louis, della Spina, foreign minister British protection 246–247, 257, 266, 279, of Naples 104, 111, 129 290, 309, 327, 361–362, 365n Cardwell, Edward 339 Russia seen as threat to 23–26, 27–28, 272, Carington, R.C.G. 254n 282, 284, 286, 310–311, 314 Carini, Prince de 79 Russian advance on 25–26, 264–265, Carlisle, George Howard, 7th Earl of 78n 290–291, 293, 299, 305, 344, 358– Carnarvon, Henry Howard Molyneux 359, 360–361, 363–364 Herbert, 4th Earl of 39, 260, 373 Russian occupation seen as casus belli letters: to Northcote 277–278, 324–326;to 298n, 301, 319n, 320n, 321, 322n Salisbury 275–276, 285–286, 311–312 Constantinople Conference (1876–1877) 23, resignation 351, 352, 356, 357 36 and Russo-Turkish War 22, 24–26, 280n, British delegation 5, 21, 240n, 266, 269– 306, 317n, 324–326, 330, 340, 344 271, 293 and Suez Canal shares 215n, 217 preparations for 228–230, 242, 251, 253, Casigliano, duc de 61 255, 258 Cavour, Camillo, Count Benso di 135n, 373 Corry, Montagu William Lowry, Baron and Austria 153 Rowton 25, 38, 217, 225n, 295, 318n, and Cagliari incident 108n 373 and Napoleon III 8, 35, 136–137, 150n and Cabinet 301 Cecil, Lord Eustace 266n letters to Disraeli 278–280, 329–330, 366n Cetto, August, Freiherr von 83–84, 115 memoranda to Disraeli 340–342, 343– Charles et Georges incident 11, 126n, 127, 131 344, 348–349 Chatham, William Pitt, 1st Earl of 14, 189, Cotton, Sir William James Richmond 256n 195 Cowley, Henry Richard Charles Wellesley, Chelsea, Henry Charles Cadogan, Viscount 1st Earl 43–44, 95, 107, 373 105n and Belgium 74 Cherbourg, meeting of Victoria with and Charles et Georges incident 127, 131–132 Napoleon III 112, 113, 116, 119 and Disraeli 139n, 140, 170–171 Chimay, Prince de 142n, 143 and French preparations for war 114, 115, China 13, 215 116, 119, 139 Christian of Glucksburg¨ 48n, 58n and Greek succession 69, 70, 115 Church of England, and Ireland 82–83 and Ireland 80 Claremont, Lt.-Col. Edward Stopford 97, and Italy 138, 147–150 116, 139–140 and Jersey refugees 72, 73, 76, 77–78 Clarendon, George William Frederick and Luxembourg 186 Villiers, 4th Earl of 15, 96, 106, 157, and Lyons (Richard) 171n, 172 160, 373 and Napoleon III 7, 87, 90, 93, 98, 105– and Cagliari incident 99n, 100, 128–129 106, 107, 109, 114, 122, 123–124, 145 and Foreign Secretary 164 and Neuchatelˆ 54 clergy, Irish Catholic 63–65, 68, 82 as potential Foreign Secretary 164 Clotilde of Savoy 134–135 and Swiss refugees 47–48 Cobden, Richard 12, 274 Crampton, Sir John Fiennes Twistleton 43, Codrington, Admiral Sir Edward 231n 120, 154, 373 Colloredo-Wallsee, Count Francis 41, 67, Craven, Augustus 157 373 Cretan revolt (1866) 13, 171, 172–177, 179, and Napoleon III 69–70 182–183, 196 and Newton affair 71, 72, 73–74 Crete, possible secession to Britain 265, Commerell, Admiral Sir John Edmund 296 323

INDEX 385

Crimean War (1854–1856) 13, 18, 35, 115n, Victoria 50–51;toStanley163, 165– 116, 297n 166, 167–168, 172, 176–178, 180–181, and tripartite treaty 319–320 186–187, 191, 193–194 Cross, Richard Assheton, 1st Viscount Cross and Newton affair 71, 72–74 39, 353 papers 3, 4, 5–6 and Derby 15, 242n as Prime Minister: 1852 1, 5–6, 9–12, 35, and Russo-Turkish war 22, 283, 306, 317n, 47–94; 1858–1859 1, 6, 8–12, 14, 35, 331, 334 95–160; 1866–1868 8, 9–11, 14, 35– Cyprus 323, 368n 36, 161–200 private life 16, 28, 278 Daily News 235n, 343 see also under individual countries 15 Daily Telegraph 221n, 365–366 Derby, Edward Henry Stanley, th Earl of 374 Danilo II, Petrovic´ Nejegoˇs, Prince of 15 26 27 150 Montenegro 122, 124, 374 and Cabinet , – , 2 3 14 15 17 20 28 200 Danube, European Commission of 199–200 and Disraeli – , , – , – , , 267 268 288 336 358 368 369 Danube Works Loan Act (1868) 199n – n, n, , , – 1 2 12 35 36 38 Danubian principalities 115n, 133–134, 135, as Foreign Secretary – , , – , – 147 39, 163 30 260 Dardanelles and Gladstone , 2 7 18 28 29 British occupation 279, 280, 345–347 and Great Eastern Crisis , , – , – 30 free passage for shipping 367–368 62 65 67 95 163 and London Convention 228, 264, 265, in House of Commons , , , , , 282 190, 193 344 346 and Russia 23, 283, 290, 294, 318, 321, ill-health – 16 287 310 322n, 332n, 344, 348, 360 and isolationism , , 192 193 163 Davey, Jennifer 26, 27 letters: to Cowley – ;toDerby – 164 167 169 170 173 175 177 181 Dawkins, Clinton 75 , , – , – , – , 183 187 197 198 206 De La Warr, George John Sackville-West, , , – , ;toDisraeli 1 165 166 167 171 5th Earl 115 ( st government) , , , , ´ 172, 182–186, 188, 189–190, 194– Decazes, Louis Charles Elie Amanieu, duc 196 198 201 203 205 216, 217n, 229, 374 , – , – ;toDisraeli 291 (2nd government) 208–219, 223– Delane, John Thadeus 224 226 227 229 231 233 234 Denbigh, Rudolph William Basil Feilding, , – , – , – , 8 192 236, 241, 243–244, 247–251, 255– th Earl of n 260 262 265 266 267 270 272 Denmark , , – , , , , 35 48 58 125 275, 283–284, 287–289, 292, 294, succession , n, , 297 309 313 314 318 331 334 335 see also Schleswig-Holstein , , – , , , – , 14 339, 345–347, 350–354, 358, 360– Derby, Edward Geoffrey Stanley, th Earl 361 363 366 271 272 of 374 , – ;toHardy – ;to 2 Northcote 273–274, 283–284, 354– biography 356 362 363 368 369 and Cabinet 6–7, 37–38, 104, 156n, 178, , – , – ; to Salisbury 318 334 219–220, 268, 269–270, 335–336;to , 281 282 and Disraeli 14–15 Shuvalov – ; to Ward Hunt 72 73 75 76 77 78 265 and Jersey refugees – , – , – 16 letters: to Disraeli 156, 158; to Hammond marriage 114 1 papers and diaries 3–4, 5, 182n, 207n, ; to Malmesbury ( st government) 215 4, 50, 52–55, 57–59, 63–67, 70–72, 76, n 80 81 83 87 89 and policy of drift 2, 278, 281 , – , , ; to Malmesbury 15 16 24 (2nd government) 98, 101–103, 105– and public service ideal , , 106 108 109 110 112 115 117 119 and Queen Victoria 7, 257, 291, 306, 320, , – , , , – , , 356 357 360 369 121–124, 126–129, 131–132, 134, 136, – , n, 137 145 153 154 resignation (1878) 4, 25, 27–29, 30, 351, – , – ; to Malmesbury 352 357 368 (3rd government) 162; to Queen – ,

386 INDEX

and Russo-Turkish War 280n, 281–288, 172, 179, 181–182, 185n, 187–188, 291–292, 294, 297, 317n, 326–328, 193–195, 197–203, 206 330, 334–336, 344–346 and Malmesbury 14, 139n, 140, 141n, 161n see also under individual countries nerves 137, 138 Derby, Frederick Arthur Stanley, 16th Earl as Prime Minister 1, 36, 38–39; 1st of 15, 354n government (1868) 8, 200–206; 2nd Derby,Mary Catherine Stanley,Countess of government (1874–1880) 8, 14–31, 15, 16, 100, 218, 262, 297, 346, 353, 374 207–369 and Cabinet leaks 26–27, 239, 297, 337– and Queen Victoria 7, 188, 211, 236–238, 338, 365n, 366n 302–303, 306, 315 letter to Salisbury 273 threatened resignation 329n, 330n and Shuvalov 27, 273, 337 see also under individual countries Derkos 264, 324, 327 Don Pacifico affair (1850) 9 Dickson, Gen. Sir Collingwood 319 Dreikaiserbund (League of the Three diplomacy 7–8, 22–24 Emperors) 17, 19, 36, 222n, 262n, 270– criticism of 267, 307–308 271 see also Tenterden, Charles Abbott Drouyn de L’Huys, Edouard´ 93–94, 374 Disraeli, Benjamin, 1st Earl of Beaconsfield Drummond, Vice-Admiral James Robert 374 227n and Cabinet 6–7, 15, 20–22, 24–26, 38, Duchesne, Alexandre 211n 156n, 210, 239, 275–278, 284–285, 293 as Chancellor of the Exchequer 35, 37 Earle, Ralph 140n, 141n, 165n and Cowley 139n, 140 Eastern Question and Foreign Office 161, 163, 207–208, and Gladstone 259–260 223–224, 227n, 235–236, 240–241, and Stanley 173, 174, 177–181, 206 363 see also Great Eastern Crisis and Gladstone 259 Eastern Rumelia 29 and government patronage 132 Edgecumbe, Hon George 101 and Great Eastern Crisis 2, 14, 18–29 Egerton, Edward Christopher 165n, 204 health 15, 237–238, 285, 287, 306, Eglinton, Archibald William Montgomerie, 315 13th Earl of, and 1st Earl of Winton 374 in historiography 2–3 and papacy 80, 82, 84–85 and House of Commons 160, 163–164, Egypt 210 British occupation 325 and House of Lords 237–239, 254n, 315 and France 106 and interventionism 13–14, 15 and Turkey 56n, 57n, 172, 265 letters 3–4, 5–6, 21, 24; to Cairns 254–255; see also Suez Canal to Corry 315–316;toDerby(15th Elgin, James Bruce, 8th Earl of 156 Earl) 207–209, 211–213, 215, 217– Ellenborough, Edward Law, Earl of 109n 218, 220–223, 225–233, 235, 237– Elliot, Sir Henry George 44–45, 374 242, 244–250, 253, 256–257, 259, in Constantinople 227n, 230, 240, 242– 263–265, 270–273, 274, 282, 284– 245, 248–249, 251, 263, 270, 358 285, 287, 289–293, 298, 303–305, and Herzegovina 213 307–309, 315–317, 321, 334, 342, 352, and Italy 169–170 357, 359–360, 363–364, 366, 369; and Schleswig Holstein 125 to Layard 299, 300–301, 312–313; Erskine, Edward Morris 173, 180, 374 to Manners 298–299; to Richmond Espinasse, Gen. Esprit Charles Marie 105 236–237, 296, 305, 310; to Salisbury Estcourt, Thomas Henry Sutton Sotheron 245, 263, 267, 269, 291–292, 297, 150 337–338, 356–358, 367;toStanley European Commission of the Danube 199– (later 15th Earl of Derby) 166, 170, 200

INDEX 387

Fane, Julian Henry Charles 181, 182n, 183, and Switzerland 47–49, 57 194, 197, 374 as threat to Great Britain 81, 84, 85–89, Fanshawe, Sir Arthur 153 92, 96 Feilding, Lt.-Col. William Henry Adelbert and Turkey 56, 57, 119, 120, 218–219, 203 221n, 228–229, 240 Ferdinand II, King of Naples 101, 102–103, and Turkish armistice proposals 262 108, 111, 128–129 and ‘War-in-Sight’ crisis 2, 17–23, 211n Firebrand affair (1852) 66n see also army, French; Austria; Belgium; Fitzgerald, William Robert Seymour Vesey Bismarck, Otto Eduard Leopold; 161n, 375 Cagliari incident; Germany; Italy; andLordStratford120, 122 Napoleon III; navy, French; Prussia; as Under-Secretary at the Foreign Office Russia 95n, 104, 120, 152, 159 Francis II, King of Naples 157 Forbes, Archibald 343 Franco-Prussian War (1870–1871) 279 Foreign Office, Disraeli’s complaints 161, Franz Josef, Emperor of Austria 163, 207–208, 223–224, 227n, 235–236, and Alexander II of Russia 36, 137, 267n 240–241, 363 awarded Order of the Garter 178n foreign policy, Conservative and Napoleon III 194n, 195 and appeasement 30 Frederick VII, King of Denmark 48n and Cabinet 6–7, 20–22, 24–26, 156n Freeman, E.A. 252 and drift 2, 278, 281, 288 Fremantle, T.F. 254n historiography 1–4, 6 Friedrich Wilhelm IV, King of Prussia 55, and maintenance of status quo 11–13, 77, 375 229–230, 254, 263, 290, 295 principles 10 12 13 Gallipoli as reactive – British occupation 280, 285, 286, 290, royal interventions 7, 57, 75, 77, 78, 125 294 295 301 324 330 332 336 344 3 4 4 8 – , , , – , , source materials – , – and Russia 299, 347 foreign policy, Liberal 3, 10–12 196 198 199 154 Garibaldi, Giuseppe , n, n Fouche,´ Joseph n Gavard, Charles 216, 217 France Georg V,King of Hanover 168 and Austro-Prussian war 9, 166, 169 165 165 184 142 144 145 German Confederation , , n and Austro-Sardinian War , – , Germany 148–157, 155, 159n 12 29 196 251 311 109 110 119 258 and Austria , , , , and Balkans – , , and France 16–17, 157–158, 210–211 and Constantinople Conference propos- nationalism 8 als 228–229 36 211 262 268 311 174 176 183 196 and Russia , n, , , and Cretan revolt – , , and Russo-Turkish War 268–269, 273, and Crimean War 116 311 329 83 84 , and Greek succession crisis – and Turkey 222–226, 240, 255, 260, 262– and Jersey refugees 72, 73, 76, 77 263 and Mexico 170, 171n 13 36 122 124 unification , and Montenegro , and ‘War-in-Sight’ crisis 2, 17–23, 211n and Piedmont-Sardinia 135, 138, 140, 141 142 see also Bismarck, Otto Eduard Leopold; – Hanover; Lauenberg; North and Portugal 126–127, 131–132 114 115 116 118 German Confederation; Prussia; preparations for war , , , , Schleswig-Holstein 124, 130, 139 375 274 284 Gladstone, William Ewart and Russo-Turkish War , and Balkans 256, 258, 259–260 Second Empire 4, 8, 11, 35–36, 86–90, 12 92 93 and Belgium – and Bulgarian Atrocities 20, 249–250 and Serbia 179 129 214 215 217 and Cagliari incident and Suez canal shares n, – and German unification 13

388 INDEX

and Italy 156 and Jersey refugees 72, 76 and navy 160 Hardwicke, Charles Philip Yorke, 5th Earl and Russo-Turkish War 285n of 239n Gladstonism 189 Hardy, Gathorne Gathorne-, 1st Earl of Gooch, G.P. 30 Cranbrook 15, 22, 37, 39, 266n, 375 Goodwood (home of Duke of Richmond) letters: to Disraeli 322; to Cairns 242–243, 69n 251–252, 305–306;toLayard289– Gorchakov, Prince Aleksandr Mikhailovich 290 301, 375 and Russo-Turkish War 280n, 314, 317n and Balkans 233, 242, 253, 255, 257–258n Harris, Sir Edward Alfred John 118, 307 and Bismarck 262 Harris, George 78 and Italy 154 Hart Dyke, Sir William 352 and Napoleon III 195 letters to Disraeli 350, 353 and Russo-Turkish War 28, 273–274, 341, Hartington, Spencer Compton Cavendish, 361, 365n Marquess 241 and Turkey 176, 222, 223n, 228, 230 Hatt-ı Humayun¨ (1856) 121 and ‘War-in-Sight’ crisis 17 Hawkins, Angus 1 Graham, Sir James Robert George 104 Haynau, Julius Jacob von 74 Granville, Granville George Leveson- Herbert, Sidney, 1st Baron Herbert of Lea Gower, 2nd Earl 10, 48n, 49, 209, 234, 92 242n, 375 Herzegovina Great Eastern Crisis (1876–1878) 4, 5 administrative autonomy 254 and Disraeli 2, 14, 17–29 uprising (1875) 36, 213–214, 219–222 source materials 7 see also Bosnia-Herzegovina see also Austria; Balkans; Constantinople Hicks Beach, Sir Michael 22, 39, 317n Conference; Russia; Russo-Turkish historiography of foreign policy 1–4, 6 War; Turkey Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen, Karl Anton Greece von 114n and Cretan revolt 13, 171, 172–177, 179, Holland 182–183 and Germany 269 independence 19, 180–181, 246 and Luxembourg 184–186 and Russo-Turkish War 267, 319 and Prussia 189 succession crisis 11, 35, 69, 70, 77, 78, 83– Holy Alliance 17, 269 84, 115 Hoppen, K.T. 63–64n Greenwood, Frederick 214n Hornby, Sir Geoffrey Thomas Phipps 227n, Grey, Gen. Charles 178, 186–187, 205, 375 295–296, 376 Grosvenor, B.G. 26, 27 Hotham, Sir Charles 56 Grosvenor, Hugh Lupus, 3rd Marquess and Howard, Charles Augustus Ellis, 6th Baron 1st Duke of Westminster 162 Howard de Walden 80, 174 Guizot, Franc¸ois Pierre Guillaume 94n Howard, Henry George 72, 78, 376 Howden, John Hobart Caradoc, 2nd Baron 66 Habsburg Empire see Austria 1 Hamilton case 79 Hubbard, John Gellibrand, st Baron 256 Hammond, Edmund 114, 140, 153, 179–180, Addington n 133 137 190, 192, 234, 375 Hubner,¨ Josef Alexander, Baron , , 207 Hamond, Horace 92 63 86 87 107 153 376 Hanover, and North German Confedera- Hudson, Sir James , – , , , tion 168n Hunt, George Ward see Ward Hunt, George Harcourt, George, marquis d’ 42, 216, 217, 229, 234, 375 Ignatiev, Nikolai Pavlovich, Count 265, 270, Harcourt, Sir William 216n, 284–285 273n, 275n, 376 Hardinge, Henry, 1st Viscount Hardinge of India, Russian threat to 18, 264n, 282, 294, Lahore 375 310

INDEX 389

India Bill 101 and Russo-Turkish War 24, 289–290, 303, Ireland 315, 319, 342, 344, 354n, 360n, 364 and Rome 59n, 63–64, 80, 81–83, 84–85 Leopold I of Saxe-Coburg, King of Belgium and Tenant Right Bill 65 80, 87, 143, 376 Isabella, Queen of Spain 203n, 204–205 and Luxembourg 186–188 Ismail Pasha (Turkish general) 116n, 118 and Prussia 189 Italian crisis (1859) 10, 11, 14 Leopold II, Grand Duke of Tuscany 65 Italian Wars of Independence Liddon, H.P. 260, 293 Second see Austro-Sardinian War Lindsay, William Schaw 116, 119 Third (1866) 169–170, 179 Livadia, proposed mission to 258–259 Italy Loftus, Lord Augustus William Frederick and Austria 9, 10–11, 12, 61, 75, 77, Spencer 43–45, 148, 168, 181, 202, 376 117n, 133–134, 135n, 137–138, 140– and Austria 134, 137 142, 144, 146, 148–150, 169 and Balkans 257n, 258–259 and Balkans 257–258, 260, 262 and Disraeli 170, 222n and France 8, 104, 105, 124, 128–130, 136– and Luxembourg 190, 193–194 138, 141–142, 144, 148–150, 170, 179 and Russia 137, 289 nationalism 8, 11, 135n and Russo-Turkish War 332–333, 361 Papal States 137, 140, 144, 146n, 150n, 170, Lombardy 136, 138, 141 179, 205 London Conference (1867) 190n, 191–192, and Turkey 194n, 218–219, 220n 308 wars of uniﬁcation 4, 35, 197–199 London Convention (1841) 228 see also Naples; Piedmont-Sardinia; London, Treaty of (1852) 35, 48n, 58n Prussia; Tuscany London, Treaty of (1867) 36 Louis Napoleon see Napoleon III 256 James, George Payne Rainsford 138 Lowe, Robert 138 Jeddah (Djiddah), anti-Western riot 115, Lucas, Samuel 69 77 116–117, 118 Luitpold of Bavaria , 9 11 12 22 36 Jersey, refugees in 72–73, 75–76, 77–78 Luxembourg, Grand Duchy , , , , , 184 191 192 194 jingoism 25–26, 27 – , – Lyons, Vice-Admiral Edmund, Baron 106 109 111 119 Lyons of Christchurch , , Karoly,Count´ Alajos Karolyi´ von Nagy- Lyons, Richard Beckerton Pemell 44, 199, Kelly, Sir Fitzroy Edward 101n 376 Kennedy, Paul 30 102 103 119 and Cagliari incident – Kolashin massacre and Cowley 171n, 172 Koller, August, Freiherr von 118 203 204 207 208 2 and France – , – Kovic,´ Miloˇs and Russo-Turkish War 283, 367 Lytton, Edward Robert Bulwer, Baron La Graviere,` Jean Pierre Edmond Jurien de Lytton 306 130 La Tour d’Auvergne-Lauraguais, Henri MacDonell, Hugh Guison 226 Godefroy Bernard Alphonse, Prince de 29 42 183 376 Macedonia, and Bulgaria , , MacMahon, Marie Edme´ Patrice Maurice and Luxembourg 187, 190 243 284 376 202 de , , and Prussia and Battle of Magenta 159n La Vallette, Charles Jean Marie Felix,´ fall of government 207 marquis de 172n, 175, 181, 196, 376 48 48 58 125 Magenis, Charles Arthur n Lauenburg, duchy n, n, Magenta, Battle (1859) 35, 105n, 159 Lavradio, Count 84 220 7 45 209 376 Magyars, and Austria Layard, Austen Henry , , , Mahe,´ Fr Joseph J. 85 letters to Disraeli 294–296, 304, 323–324, 323 342 343 Mahmoud Pasha – Mahon, Charles James Patrick 87n

390 INDEX

Mahon, Philip Stanhope 87n Milosh Obrenovic,´ Prince of Serbia 133, 134 Malakoff see Pelissier,´ Aimable Jean Jacques, Moldavia, and Turkey 115n, 133, 135n duc de Malakoff Montenegro 13, 229, 332n Malaret, Baron de 155 independence 29, 36, 109, 115, 127–128 Malmesbury, James Howard Harris, 3rd raids 119, 120, 122, 124, 220 Earl of 165, 377 war on Turkey 232–233, 244n, 254 diary 6, 96, 97, 99–100, 104, 107, 148–151, Montgelas, Rudolf Ernst Emil Simeon 153, 155, 156, 157–160, 161n, 214–215 Maria Franz von Sales, Count de and Disraeli 14, 139n, 140, 141n, 161–162 Garnerin de la Thuille von 285–286, as Foreign Secretary 1, 2, 5–6, 12, 35, 37– 330, 347, 377 38, 164 Monypenny, W.F. and Buckle, G.E. 2, 3, 24 friendship with Napoleon III 10, 150 Morier, Robert Burnet David 170 health 161 Morning Herald 170 letters: to 14th Earl of Derby (1st ministry) Morning Post 98, 144, 144n, 360n 48–49, 52, 57–63, 67–70, 73–80, 81, Morocco 106 83–87, 90, 92–94;to14th Earl of Moustier, Lionel, marquis de 172n, 174–175, Derby (2nd ministry) 95, 96–97, 100– 183, 196, 199, 204, 207, 377 101, 104, 106–114, 118–119, 122–125, Munster-Ledenburg,¨ Count Georg Herbert 127–128, 130–137, 139–140, 142–144, zu 42, 224n, 226, 262, 279, 377 146–147, 149–150, 154–155, 157;to Murat, Joachim 157 14th Earl of Derby (3rd ministry) 161; Murray, Charles Augustus 56 to Cowley 81, 86, 87–89, 90, 119n, Murray, Edward 58–59, 65n 120;toDisraeli104, 146–147, 151– Musurus, Constantine 41–42, 377 153, 159–160 and Berlin Memorandum 248 Memoirs 144 and Cretan revolt 171 papers 3, 4 and Jeddah riot 115, 116–117, 118 and Queen Victoria 66–67, 75, 113 and Montenegro 122 see also under individual countries and Russo-Turkish War 323, 341–343 Malta, British troops in 297 Manners, Lord John, 7th Duke of Rutland Naas, Lord, Richard Southwell Bourke, 6th 21–22, 37, 39, 377 Earl of Mayo 37, 377 letters to Disraeli 249, 261–262, 291, 296, and Irish Catholics 68, 80 297–299, 320 murder 240n memorandum 1877 318–319 and Tenant Right (Ireland) Bill 65 resignation 297–299 Napier, Sir Charles 112 and Russo-Turkish War 280n, 317n Napier, Francis, 10th Lord Napier of Manteuffel, Otto (Theodor), Freiherr von Merchistoun and ﬁrst Baron Ettrick 114, 118, 122, 129, 377 234 Mather, Erskine 9, 10, 11, 49, 59, 59, 60–65, Naples 120 67, 101n and Cagliari incident 9, 10, 99–103, 104, Maximilian, Emperor of Mexico 170n 105, 108–112, 128–130 Mayne, Sir Richard 73 and France 128–130 Mayo, Earl of see Naas, Lord and Hamilton case 79 Mazzini, Giuseppe 142 Napoleon III mediation, and arbitration, and Cagliari and Anglo-French relations 107, 109–110, incident 108–112 112–113, 115, 119, 123–124, 130 Mehmet Ali 56n, 211–212n and Austria 136–137, 140, 144–145 Merchant Shipping Bill (1876) 223n and Austro-Prussian War 9, 166, 169 Mexico, and France 170, 171n British recognition 86, 88–90, 92–94 Meyler, Walter, Dean of Dublin 82 foreign policy 7, 8 Milan Obrenovic,´ Prince of Serbia 241, 245 and Franz Josef of Austria 194n, 195 Milbanke, Sir John Ralph 78 Great Power support for 70, 88, 89–90, Millman, Richard 19 92

INDEX 391

and Italy 8, 35, 105–106, 117, 117, 124, neutrality 130, 135n, 140–142, 148–151, 157– in Austro-Prussian war 9, 165–168 158, 170, 197, 205 in Austro-Sardinian War 9, 155, 158, 160 and Jersey refugees 73, 76, 78 in Russo-Turkish War 280, 281–282, 283, and Luxembourg 9, 184–186 286, 289–290, 295, 303–310, 313, marriage 64, 74 320–321, 327, 337, 342, 346 and Morocco 106 Newton, Henry Robert 71, 72, 73–74 and Prussia 9, 181–182, 195 Nicholas, Grand Duke of Russia 362n, 368n and Queen Victoria 60, 88, 112n Nigra, Costantino 197 and Russia 124, 135 Nikolsburg, Treaty of (1866) 35 and Second Empire 36, 60, 70–71, 86–90, non-interventionism 92–94 and 14th Earl of Derby 8–9, 11–12, 51, 192 and Switzerland 47n, 49n, 76 and 15th Earl of Derby 9, 13, 22, 173–174, as threat to Great Britain 81, 84, 86–89, 309n, 323–324 92, 96, 132 and Disraeli 182, 312–313 and Turkey 119, 120 North German Confederation 168n see also Belgium Northcote, Sir Stafford Henry 22, 38–39, Napoleon Jerome Charles Paul Bonaparte, 204, 377 marriage 134–135, 136, 138 and Bulgarian atrocities 247–248 nationalism and Disraeli 25 German 8 as intermediary between Derby and Italian 8, 11, 135n Disraeli 351–355 Navarino, Battle (1827) 231 letters: to Corry 25, 301;toCross250, navy, British 306–307;toDisraeli280–281, 310– in Besika Bay 227n, 231, 249, 264, 295, 311, 316–317, 330, 335, 340, 346, 351– 362 356, 369; to Salisbury 324, 328, 331– in Bosphorus 324 332, 361, 364 at Constantinople 289–290, 294–296, and Russo-Turkish War 280–281, 301, 299, 301, 318–319, 331, 344, 346, 306–307, 310–311, 316–317, 317n, 350–352, 354n, 360–362, 365n 320, 330, 334–335, 340 and Dardanelles 265, 345–349 and Suez Canal shares 216 in English Channel 75, 131 Northumberland, Algernon Percy, 4th Duke French knowledge of 123 of 37–38, 378 increased expenditure on 86, 92–93, 113, and British navy 56, 75, 92 130–131, 145, 155, 160, 210, 324n and Jersey refugees 75 lack of manpower 93, 97, 118–119 in Mediterranean 56, 106, 153, 227, 258, 296 Orientalism 20 1858 8 13 96 97 141 150 poor state of 112–113, 124, 132, 215 Orsini plot ( ) , , , n, n, n 23 305 and Whig policies 118, 143 Osman Pasha (Turkish general) , n 2 navy, French 60, 109, 116n Otte, T.G. 69 83 in Adriatic 165n Otto of Bavaria, King of Greece n, n, 177 in Mediterranean 86 preparedness 8, 81, 85–86, 92, 112 Ottoman Empire see Turkey navy, Italian 298 navy, Prussian 198 Paget, Sir Augustus 44, 45 navy, Russian 265 Pakington, John Somerset, 1st Baron navy, Turkish 227, 228, 265, 284 Hampton 37, 112, 113, 126, 153, 378 Nesselrode, Count Karl Robert Vasilyevich Pall Mall Gazette 277–278 48, 53, 377 Palmerston, Henry John Temple, 3rd Netherlands see Holland Viscount 30, 109n, 157, 188n, 378 Neuchatel,ˆ disputed canton 11, 54–56, 57, and Austria and Russia 10 74, 75, 76, 77 and Belgium 11

392 INDEX

and Cabinet 6 and Italian unification 199 and Charles et Georges incident 127 see also papacy and Eastern Question 18, 246 Platen, Adolf, Graf von Platen-Hallermund fall from office 8, 96n 125 and Foreign Office 224 Plevna, fall (1877) 23, 25, 36, 300, 305n, 322, and France 96n, 99, 211, 211–212n 328n as interventionist 10, 11–12, 51, 146 Plombieres` Pact (1858) 8, 35, 135n and London Convention 228n Poland, and Austria 307 and Naples 103n Portugal and Napoleon III 123–124 and Charles et Georges incident 11, 12n, 127, and navy 92 131–132, 131n Pan-Slavism 19, 28–29, 258n, 376 and France 126–127, 131–132 papacy and Spain 206 and Ireland 59n, 63–64, 80, 81–83, 84–85 Potsdam, Queen Victoria in 118, 119n and Italian Independence Wars 170, 179, pragmatism, in foreign policy 10, 12–13, 17, 196n, 197–198 74 Papal States 137, 140, 144, 146n, 150n, 170, Prague, Peace of (1866) 36 198n, 199, 205 prestige, and foreign policy 13–14, 17–18, 23, Paris Conference (1858) 115n, 135 27, 30, 336 Paris, Treaty of (1856) 18, 35, 199n, 309, 313 Prussia Protocol 108, 110, 131 and Austria 137–138, 140, 145, 158, 195 tripartite treaty 319–320 and Denmark 48 Park, Charles (engineer on Cagliari) 9, 99n, disarmament 201–202 100n, 101–103, 104, 111n and France 9, 89, 118, 145, 181–182, 186, Parry, Jonathan 1, 12 189, 194, 196, 200–203 patronage, government 132 and Italy 129, 138, 146n, 148–149, 158, 197 Pedro V,King of Portugal 106n and Luxembourg 184–191, 193–194 Peel, Sir Robert 139 and Neuchatelˆ canton 54–56, 74n, 77 Pelissier,´ Aimable Jean Jacques, duc de Queen Victoria’s visit to 113, 119n, 125 Malakoff 41, 107, 115, 139, 143, 148, 378 and Schleswig-Holstein 54n, 55, 114, 125, Persigny, Jean Gilbert Victor Fialin, comte 125n de (duc, 1863) 41, 74, 96, 97–98, 100, and Turkey 122 378 union with southern German states 181, and Austro-Sardinian War 156, 158 182 Piedmont-Sardinia see also Austro-Prussian War; Bismarck, and Austria 138, 148–154, 151, 152, 155n, Otto Eduard Leopold; Cagliari 157 incident; Germany and Cagliari incident 99, 103, 104–106, Prussia, Prince of see Wilhelm I 108–109, 110–112 public opinion and France 135, 138, 140, 141, 142, 148– and 15th Earl of Derby 216n, 219 155, 157 and Disraeli 18, 23, 25–26, 226, 248, 250n, guarantee by England and France 148– 254 154 Pullen, Capt. William John Samuel 116–117, and Hodge affair 99n 118 and Naples 9, 10, 99–100, 104, 110 and Russia 135, 149–150, 152–153, 154n, 155 Radetzky, Joseph Wenzel, Graf von Radetz Pitt, William, 1st Earl of Chatham 14, 189, 58 195 Raglan see Somerset, Lord FitzRoy Pius IX, Giovanni Maria Mastai-Ferretti, Ramm, Agatha 3 Pope (1792–1878) 378 Reade, Richard 240–241 and Irish politics 59, 63, 80, 81–83, 84–85 Reform Act (1832) 360n and Italian Independence wars 170 Reform Bill (1866) 161n, 162n, 188n

INDEX 393

Reichstadt Agreement (1876) 21, 28, 36, and Great Eastern Crisis 18–29, 173 267n and Greek succession crisis 78, 83–84 Relief Act (1829) see Roman Catholic Relief possibility of war with 276–277, 325–328, Act 338–339, 350 Reuter, Paul Julius de 203 and Protocol on Turkey 275, 277–278, 314 revisionism, French 8 and Sardinia 149–150, 152–153, 154n, 155 Richmond, Charles Henry Gordon- and Switzerland 47 Lennox, 6th Duke of 22, 27, 37, 312, and Turkey 13, 192, 219, 221–222, 229, 317n, 378 242–247, 249–251, 253, 255 letter to Cairns 239 and Turkish armistice proposals 250–251, Roebuck, John Arthur 116, 119 261–263, 265 Roman Catholic Relief Act (1829) 65, 82 see also Balkans; Bulgaria Roman Catholicism, in Ireland 59, 63–65, Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878) 5, 22–29, 36, 68, 80, 82–83, 84–85 271–273, 277 Rome and Austria 267n, 269, 283–286, 292–293, French troops in 198–199 298, 304, 307, 314–315, 327, 331n, and Italian Independence Wars 170, 332–335, 347–349, 358 196n, 197–199 and British Cabinet 6–7, 275–278, 280, and Italian nationalism 196n, 197–199 284–294, 298–299, 306, 310–312, see also papacy 316–318, 321–322, 324–337, 340, Rothschild, Charles de 200 343–347, 350–351 Rothschild, Lionel Nathan de 185n, 193n, and British declaration of war 298–299 195, 197 and British defence expenditure 26, 324n, Rothschilds 179, 185, 185, 194, 200, 214n, 325–327, 330n, 332 260, 270n and British neutrality 280, 281–282, 283, Royal Titles Act (1876) 17, 306 286, 289–290, 295, 303–310, 313, Romania 13, 29, 206, 332n 320–321, 327, 337, 342, 346 Rumelia, Russian occupation 343 British secret message to Russia 24–26, Russell, Lord John, 1st Earl Russell 12, 50n, 301–303, 316n 59n, 92, 157, 188n, 378 and Congress of Berlin 2, 14, 29, 364–365 and Cagliari incident 102 and Russian terms 279, 283–284, 292n, and defeat of Derby government (1859) 294, 317, 329, 332n, 333–334, 341, 160 343, 354n, 359, 363 and India Bill 101n second campaign 303, 306, 308, 310, 312, Reform Bill 161n 316n, 323–324;ascasus belli 24, 301 Russell, Odo William Leopold, 1st Baron and Shuvalov 278–280, 281–282, 290, Ampthill 44, 170, 178–179, 270, 378 292, 319, 321–322, 330, 333, 337, and Berlin Memorandum 223, 225–226, 359–360 229–230 and Turkish terms 308–310, 311–312, 313, and Bismarck 211n, 251, 268n, 271, 307, 323 319 see also France; Germany; Greece and Russo-Turkish War 289, 291, 304, 307 Russia as ally 10, 17, 52 Sackville-West, Mary see Derby, Mary and Austria 28–29, 36, 48, 75, 133–134, Catherine Stanley, Countess of 136–137, 220–221, 257n, 267 Sadowa/Konnigr¨ atz,¨ Battle (1866) 166n and Constantinople Conference 229– Said, Edward 20 230, 253, 258–259, 271 Salisbury, James Brownlow William and Cretan revolt 172, 173, 176 Gascoyne-Cecil, 2nd Marquis of and Crimean War 13 Salisbury 16, 37, 100n and France 70, 78, 89, 124, 135, 175, 268 Salisbury, Mary, Dowager Marchioness and Germany 36, 146n, 211n, 251, 262, see Derby, Mary Catherine Stanley, 268 Countess of

394 INDEX

Salisbury, Robert Gascoyne-Cecil, 3rd Server Pasha 323 Marquis of 16, 378 Seton-Watson, R.W. 19 and Balkans 268 Seymour, Sir George Hamilton 43, 53, 379 and Cabinet divisions 22–27, 317n, 324n, Shuvalov, Pyotr Andreyevich, Count 42, 330, 331n 218, 246, 379 and Carnarvon 260n and Austro-Russian agreement 28, 267– and Constantinople Conference 5, 21, 268n, 270 266, 269–271, 293 and Constantinople Conference 259 and Disraeli 15, 24–27, 30, 255, 275–278 and Derby 22–23 as Foreign Secretary 4, 13, 29, 30, 36, 39 and Lady Derby 27, 262 and Great Eastern Crisis 29–30, 219 and Russian protocol 275, 277n letters: to Carnarvon 251, 271, 275–277, and Russo-Turkish War 278–280, 281– 288, 314;toDisraeli338–339, 357, 282, 290, 292, 319, 321–322, 330, 333, 360, 362, 366–368; to Northcote 337, 359–361, 363–365 326–329, 362 and Serbia 232, 234, 257 as Prime Minister 30 and Treaty of San Stefano 28 and Russian threat to Constantinople and Turkish armistice 260, 262 293, 314, 326–329, 344, 360 Slav state, fear of 219, 220 and Russo-Turkish War 280n, 288, 293– Smith, William Henry 22, 305, 317n, 329, 294, 334, 348, 351 330, 379 and war with Russia 276–277 Solferino, Battle (1859) 35 Salonika, murder of French and German Somerset, Lord FitzRoy 77, 85, 379 consuls 223n, 240 Spain San Stefano, Treaty of (1878) 2, 28–29, 36, insurrection (1868) 203n, 204–206, 209 320n, 360n, 365n, 367–368 and Morocco 106n Sanders (Scotland yard detective) 77 and Portugal 206 Sanderson, Thomas Henry 26–27, 297, 365, Stanley, Edward see Derby, Edward Henry 379 Stanley, 15th Earl of letter to Disraeli 346 Stanley, Lady Emma 65n Sardinia see Piedmont-Sardinia Stanton, Gen. Edward 214, 216–217 Scarlett, Peter Campbell 379 status quo, maintenance 11–13, 229–230, and Mather case 9, 59, 60–62 254, 263, 290, 295 Schleswig-Holstein 48n Stephanie, Princess of Hohenzollern 106n dispute of 1863–1864 13 Stirling Maxwell, Sir William 165 and Prussia 54n, 55, 114, 125 Stokes, Sir John 199n Schlienitz, Alexander, Freiherr von 137 Stratford see Canning, Stratford, Viscount Schouvaloff, see Shuvalov Pyotr Andreye- Stratford de Redcliffe vich, Count Stratfords 59n, 61 Schroeder, Paul 30 Stuart, Lord Dudley Coutts 62 Schwarzenberg, Felix Furst¨ zu 50–51, 62, Suez Canal 379 purchase of shares in 17–18, 214–217 Sedan, Battle (1870) 36 Russian threat to 23, 281–282, 318, 320n Serbia 12, 133, 135, 138, 229, 304 Switzerland and Austria 179, 220, 279 and France 47–49, 57 and France 179 and Neuchatelˆ 11, 54–56, 57, 74, 75, 76, 77 independence 29, 36, 179–180, 220 and Russia 257–258n, 279 319 332 Talbot, Sir (Wellington) Patrick Manvers and Russo-Turkish War , n Chetwynd- 65 war with Turkey 232n, 233–234, 241, 244 253 254 256 Talleyrand, Charles Maurice de Talleyrand- n, , – Perigord,´ 1st Prince de Ben´ event´ 154 Serrano Dom´ınguez Cuenca y Perez´ de Tanzimat-ι Hayriye 57 Vargas, Francisco, 1st Duke of la Torre 30 205 209 Temperley, Harold n, Tenant League (Ireland) 63n, 65n, 82

INDEX 395

Tenant Right (Ireland) Bill 65 Victor Emmanuel II, King of Piedmont- Tenterden, Charles Abbott, 3rd Baron 208, Sardinia 87, 142, 143, 379 224, 236, 245, 267, 315, 345, 365, 379 Victoria, Princess Royal and Princess of Thiers, Adolphe Marie Joseph Louis 139– Prussia 158, 186 140 Victoria, Queen of Great Britain and Thompson, Seymer 19 Ireland 380 Thouvenel, Edouard´ Antoine de 69, 128, and 15th Earl of Derby 7, 257, 306, 320, 379 356–357, 360n, 369 Thrace, and Turkey 29 and Austro-Sardinian War 158–159 The Times 217, 222n, 231n, 256, 258, 291 and Disraeli 7, 188, 211, 215, 302–303, Todleben, Gen. Eduard Ivanovich 368n 306, 315 Trebizonde´ 320 as Empress of India 17, 306 Tripartite Treaty (1856) 319–320 and foreign ministers 66–67, 101, 106, Turgot, Louis Felix´ Etienne,´ marquis de 47, 112n 57, 379 and Foreign Secretary 164 Turkey and France 47, 50–51, 60n, 88–89, 158, and the Balkans 18–20, 21, 36, 109–110, 196 119, 133–134, 213–214, 218–220, 250– and Greek succession crisis 70 257;armistice(1876) 19, 222n, 225n, and House of Commons 100 226, 244, 247, 250–251, 254, 259n, and Italian uniﬁcation 199 260–263, 265 letter to Derby 89 British guarantee of loan to 323–324, 348 letter to Disraeli 300 and British mediation 244–248, 251–252, and Luxembourg 188 254–255, 304, 307, 309, 313, 319–320, and Malmesbury 66–67, 75, 113, 160 322, 324n, 325, 329, 331–333, 335, and Napoleon III 60, 88, 112n, 113, 130 339–343 and Prussia 189, 196; visit to 113, 119n, 125 as buffer zone 18 and Russia 177–178, 233n, 258, 261 and Cretan revolt 13, 171, 172–177, 179, and Russo-Turkish War 291–292, 302, 182–183, 196 306–307, 317n, 331n, 336 and Eastern Question 4–5, 18–24 and Turkey 22, 24, 29 and Egypt 56n, 57n, 172 and Wilhelm I of Germany 64 possibility of partition 245, 247, 273, 300, Vienna, Congress of (1815) 54n, 135n, 144 307 Villafranca, Treaty of (1859) 35 reforms 218–225 Vincent, John 3, 345n, 379 and Russia 20, 192, 219, 221–222, 229, 242–247, 249–251, 253, 255; invasion Wales, Prince of see Albert Edward, Prince threat 264–265 Walewski, Alexandre Florian Joseph and status of Christians 117, 121–122, 173, Colonna, comte de 41, 49, 380 225n, 242n, 255n, 260–261n, 332n and Austria 139 and Tanzimat-ι Hayriye 57 and Charles et Georges incident 127, 131–132 see also Constantinople Conference; Dar- and Derby 71 danelles; Eastern Question; France; and Greek succession crisis 83–84 Russo-Turkish War and Malmesbury 64n, 81, 86, 105 Tuscany 10, 49, 62 and Napoleon III 54, 57, 74, 86, 87–88, and Austria 9, 10–11, 67–68, 71n, 72 90, 92–94, 96–97, 98, 105 and Firebrand affair 66n Walker, Sir Baldwin Wake 113 and Mather case 9, 60n, 61–62, 64–65, 67 Wallachia, and Turkey 115n, 133, 135n Waller, Sir Thomas Wathen 101n Walpole, Spencer Horatio 37, 68, 380 Van de Weyer, Sylvain 49, 84, 87, 115, 190, and Jersey refugees 72, 75–76 379 ‘War-in-Sight’ crisis (1875) 2, 17–23, 211n, Vatican, diplomatic relations with 10 262n Venetia, and France 166 Ward Hunt, George 39, 215, 265, 380

396 INDEX

Watt, Henry (engineer on Cagliari) 9, 99n, White, Sir William Arthur 241 100, 101–103, 104, 111n Wilhelm I, King of Prussia and Emperor of Wellesley, Frederick Arthur 380 Germany 36, 114n, 380 letter to Corry 301–303 and Alexander II of Russia 211n letter to Disraeli 321–322 and Schleswig-Holstein 125 and Russo-Turkish War 7, 333, 337, 343 and Turkey 122, 123, 263 secret mission to Russia 24–26, 301–303, Wodehouse, John, 3rd Baron Wodehouse 316n 43 and Turkey 24–25, 26, 264n Wood, Charles, 1st Viscount Halifax 141, Wellington, Arthur Richard Wellesley, 2nd 142, 380 Duke of 115 Woodward, Sir Llewellyn 30 Werder, Gen. Karl Wilhelm Friedrich August Leopold, Graf von 321 Westmorland, John Fane, 11th Earl of 43, 72, 74, 106, 380 Zichy, Count Ferenc 314, 315

Index created by Meg Davies (Fellow of the Society of Indexers)