RJW Evans, the Making of the Habsburg Monarchy 1550-1700. an Interpretation

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RJW Evans, the Making of the Habsburg Monarchy 1550-1700. an Interpretation

Austria: the Habsburg heartland Culture & Society of Central and South Eastern Europe, 1600-1800 R.J.W. Evans, The Making of the Habsburg Monarchy 1550-1700. An Interpretation, (Clarendon Press: Oxford, 1979). Different definitions of Austria: The Habsburg monarchy The Habsburg dynasty Including the Spain and the Netherlands branch The Empire The duchy of Austria Was founded in 1156, by the Privilegium Minus Situated between the Alpines chains Along the Danube Acquisitions of numerous territories over the years 1282: Took over Danubian Austria Central European territories were acquired Very independent rulers Made of several territories that were difficult to unite Lower Austria Ruled by Vienna Divided in four districts Prosperous Upper Austria Above the Enns Linz is the capital Weaker and also divided in different quarters Inner Austria: Styria, Carinthia and Carniola Centre : Graz 1282: Styria 1355: Carinthia and Carniola In the South: Istria 1374: acquired the country of Istria Next to Carniola Trieste annexed in 1382 In the West: Tyrol 1363: conquered the Tyrol Capital was Innsbruck Important route across the Alps: commercial interest Further Austria North of Switzerland, containing the duchy of Swabia Maze of different sovereignties Multiples cities and morcelled territories: Sundgau (until 1648), Freiburg, Bregenz, Constance, Triberg, Nellenburg, etc. Fluctuation of the frontiers Changed all the time due the different wars, losses and annexions. Some enclaves inside the territory existed: lords who only answered to the Emperor : Schaunberg (Upper Austria) Harberg (Lower Austria) Seefeld (Lower Austria) Biscoflack (Carniola) Griffen (Carinthia) Many differences Racial and linguistic variations Different dialects and customs: German majority French in Alsace Ladin in South Tyrol Slovene by a minority Romansch Italian .

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