A Concise History of Austria Steven Beller Index More Information

Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-47886-1 - A Concise History of Austria Steven Beller Index More information

INDEX

Aachen (Aix-la-Chapelle) 45, 114 army (Habsburg, Austrian) 71, 74, 88, Abraham a Sancta Clara (Johann Ulrich 91, 110, 116, 126, 131, 134, 138, Megerle) 69 145, 146, 165–6, 186–90, 273, 293 Adler, Alfred 171, 213 Austrians in the German army Adler, Friedrich 188, 204 (Wehrmacht and SS) 241–3, 259, Adler, Max 158, 206, 214 291, 300 Adler, Victor 154, 158, 188 Aspern-Essling 111 Admont 95 Augarten 94 Aehrenthal, Baron Lexa von Augsburg 13, 47, 48, 53 180–2 Austerlitz 108, 111 Albania, Albanians 71, 183 Austrian People’s Party (OVP)¨ (see also Albrecht I 27, 28 Christian Socials) 254–5, 263, Albrecht II 28, 29–30 270–1, 273, 274, 275, 279, 284, Alemanii 11, 14, 17, 29 287, 290, 295–6, 299, 300, 302–5 Allgemeines Krankenhaus (general ‘Austro-Keynesianism’ 274, 282, 283 hospital) 98, 285 Austro-Marxism 171, 174, 206, 214 Alliance for the Future of Austria Avars 12–13, 15 (BZO)¨ 306 Alpbach 268 Babenberg dynasty 13, 15–23, 26, 27, Alsace, Alsace-Lorraine 27, 31, 62, 63, 30, 191, 201, 224 190 Bach, Alexander 131–2 Alt Aussee 245 Bach, David Josef 206, 214 Altranstadt¨ 74 Badeni, Count Casimir; Badeni Anderl of Rinn 286 Ordinances 161–2, 163, 165, 169 Andrassy,´ Count Gyula 149–51 Bad Leonfelden 22, 61, 63, 77, 98, 118, Andrian, Leopold von 214 119, 163, 173, 240, 249, 250, 257, Andrian-Werburg, Viktor von 269–70, 274, 280 118 Baroque 64, 66–9, 75–7, 81, 87, 91, Androsch, Hannes 273–4, 283 95, 163, 175, 176, 201, 217, 219 anti-Semitism 87, 142, 154–7, 175–6, Bartenstein, Johann Christoph 88, 93 209–10, 219, 224, 239, 257–8, Bauer, Otto 158, 165, 203–4, 210, 214, 273, 287, 288, 291 229

324

Index 325

Bauernfeld, Eduard von 118, 122 225, 227, 234, 241, 250, 252, 264, Bavaria, Bavarians (Bajuvarii) 10, 265, 268, 274, 282, 296 12–14, 15, 16, 19, 21, 28, 30, 43, Broch, Hermann 171, 172, 213 60–3, 74, 75, 77, 94, 101, 105, Broda, Christian 275 108, 110, 111, 201 Bruck, Karl von 133 Beck, Max Vladimir 167 Brunn¨ (Brno) 128, 293 Beethoven, Ludwig van 104, 108, 109, Buchlau 181 117, 265, 316 Budapest 71, 121, 124, 165, 170, 174, Belcredi, Count Richard 143 179, 203, 244, 292, 293 Belgium 101–2, 105, 113, 115, Budweis 119 216 Bukovina 93 Belgrade 39, 71, 73, 79, 80 Bulgaria, Bulgars 13, 180, 182, 187, Belvedere Palace 75, 180, 192, 231, 190 258, 260 Buol-Schauenstein, Count Karl 134–5 Benatzky, Ralph 216 Burckel,¨ Josef 239 Benedek, Ludwig August von 138 Burgenland 7, 200, 211, 250, 286 Berchtesgaden 228, 229 Burgtheater 95, 265, 291 Berchtold, Count Leopold 182, 185 Burgundy 40–1, 45, 47, 51 Berg, Alban 171, 213 Burian, Count Stefan 188 Bergisel 111 Busek, Erhard 292, 296, 297, 300, 302 Berlin 89, 150, 174, 175, 201, 213, 217, 244, 260, 292 cameralism 81–3, 90, 92 Bernhard, Thomas 282, 291 Canetti, Elias 171, 213 Bethlen, Gabriel 60 Canisius, Peter 53 Bettauer, Hugo 211 Carinthia (Carantania), Carinthians Beust, Baron Friedrich 143 (Carantanii) 6–7, 12, 14, 17, 27, Bienerth, Richard von 167 29, 30, 31, 199, 250, 287, 295, Bismarck, Otto von 137–8, 149–51, 299, 302, 303 152 Carniola 14, 17, 27, 29, 30, 31, 53, Blenheim 74 178, 199 Bloch-Bauer, Adele 239, 300, 314 Catherine II of Russia 89, 93 Bohemian Compromise (1890) 154, Catholic League 59, 60 159 Charles IV (Holy Roman Bohemian diet 59, 60–1, 78, 116, 118, Emperor) 30–1 119, 153, 159, 161, 183 Charles V (Holy Roman Emperor) 42, Bohemian Museum 120 45–9, 50, 53, 55, 64, 182 Bohm,¨ Karl 265 Charles VI (Holy Roman Boltzmann, Ludwig 172, 174 Emperor) 73–5, 78–80, 81, 87 Bosnia(-Herzegovina) 79, 149–50, 158, Charles II of Inner Austria 54, 55, 57 167, 178, 179, 180–4 Charles, Archduke 110, 111 Brahe, Tycho 55 Charles of Austria-Hungary 189–92 Brammer, Julius 215, 216 Charles Albert of Bavaria (Holy Roman Bregenz (Brigantium) 6, 11 Emperor Charles VII) 86, 87 Breisgau 31, 113 Charles, duke of Lorraine 71 Breitner, Hugo 206, 207, 211 Chlopy Order (1903) 166 Britain, England 19, 42, 44, 48, 49, 65, Christian Socials 154–5, 161, 163, 167, 67, 73, 74, 78, 79, 80, 86, 89, 104, 169–70, 205–11, 217–30, 254 108, 109, 113–15, 119, 134–5, 138, Churchill, Winston 245 150, 158, 167, 186, 190, 198, 213, Cilli (Celje) 161, 169

326 Index

Clemenceau, Georges 190 ‘Danube Swabians’ Clement VII (pope) 47 (Donauschwaben) 75, 256 Clement XIV (pope) 92 Daun, Leopold 88 communism 189, 201, 204, 209, 253, Deak,´ Ferenc 137 254, 255, 262, 276, 280, 282 Deutsch, Julius 208 Compromise (Ausgleich)of1867 141, Doderer, Heimito von 259, 265 142–5, 168, 191, 193 Dollfuss, Engelbert 221–5 Concordats 132, 146, 223 Dual Alliance (1879) 151 Conference for Security and Durnkrut¨ 26 Co-operation in Europe (CSCE, Durnstein¨ 19 OSCE) 277 Conrad von Hotzendorf,¨ Count economy 22, 98, 109, 118–19, 133, Franz 182, 185, 187–8 146, 149, 167–8, 191, 203, 207, Constance, Council of (1415) 33, 35 211, 228, 233, 237, 240, 252, 260, Constantinople, Byzantium, 262–5, 273–5, 282, 284, 285, 290, Istanbul 12, 22, 39, 51, 181 295, 298, 306 Constitutions: education 91, 92, 98, 116, 132–3, 146, Constitution of 1920 205, 213 152–3, 162, 168–9, 174, 175, 205, Constitution of 1934 224 206, 265, 271, 275–6, 296, 305, December Constitution (1867) 144, 308 145, 148 Eichmann, Adolf 234, 279 ‘Decreed’ (1849) 129, 130, 132 Eisenstadt 96 February Patent (1861) 136 Elisabeth, Empress (Sisi) 159 Fundamental Articles (1871) 144 Enlightenment 64, 66, 81, 85, 87, 90, Kremsier (1849) 129–30, 132 91–104, 112, 121, 157, 165, 175, October Diploma (1860) 136 271, 317 Control Agreements: Erfurt 131 First 250 Esterhazy family 75, 96 Second 254 Eugene of Savoy 73, 74, 75 Cracow 169, 170, 174 European Free Trade Area (EFTA) 262, Credit-Anstalt 133, 220–1 297 Croatia, Croats 50, 79, 128, 132, 151, European Union, EEC, EC 2, 3, 249, 153, 165, 178–83, 191, 238 262, 272, 277, 290, 293–6, 297–9, Crusades 19 302–4, 305, 306–7, 312–15 ‘crypto-Protestantism’ 64–5, 81, 87 Custozza 126, 138 Farkas, Karl 216 Czechoslovakia 3, 191, 192, 198, 199, Ferdinand I (Austrian emperor) 117, 203, 210, 223, 228, 235, 240, 257, 129 260, 272, 276, 280 Ferdinand I (Holy Roman Czech parties: Emperor) 44, 47, 48, 49–53 Agrarians 167 Ferdinand II (Holy Roman Old Czechs 151, 154, 159 Emperor) 57–62 Young Czechs 154, 155, 159, 161, 167 Ferdinand III (Holy Roman Czernin, Hubertus 287 Emperor) 62, 69 Czernin, Count Ottakar 189, 190 Ferdinand of Aragon 42, 45 Czernowitz 169, 174 Ferdinand II of Tyrol 54, 57 Ferraro-Waldner, Benita 306 Dachau 233 Fey, Emil 233 Dalmatia 150, 178, 179 Ficker, Ludwig 173

Index 327

Figl, Leopold 254 German clericals (in Austria) 151, 153, Firnberg, Hertha 275 155 Fischer, Heinz 305 German Confederation 113, 131, 135, Fischer von Erlach, Johann 137 Bernhard 75 German conservatives (in Austria) 151, Fischhof, Adolf 127 155, 160 Fischler, Franz 302 German liberals (in Austria) 136, 144, Fiume 39, 80 147–57, 160, 161, 162, 167, 206, Fleming, Gerald 291 218 Forstner, Leopold 173 German nationalists (in Austria) 154, Francis II (I) (Holy Roman Emperor 155, 162, 167, 201, 209–10, and Austria) 103, 104–17, 129 218–33 Francis Ferdinand (crown prince) 180, Ghent 40, 42 184, 185, 192 Glaise-Horstenau, Edmund 226–9, 238 Francis Joseph I 67, 129–32, 133, Globocnik, Odilo 239 134–8, 142–89, 193, 216 Glockel,¨ Otto 206, 214 Francis Stephen of Lorraine (Holy Gluck, Christoph Willibald 96 Roman Emperor Francis I) 80, 87, Golden Fleece, Order of the 40 93 Goluchowski, Count Agenor 180 Frankfurt-am-Main 125, 130, 136, 137, Gomperz, Heinrich 233 174 Gorgei,¨ Arthur 130 Frederick I Barbarossa 19, 30 Goring,¨ Hermann 230 Frederick II (Holy Roman Gorizia 27, 30, 31 Emperor) 19, 23, 27 Gottweig¨ 21, 76 Frederick II (Babenberg) 23 Grasser, Karl-Heinz 304, 305–6 Frederick I (III) (joint Holy Roman Graz 55, 57 Emperor) 28, 29 Greece 114, 182, 259 Frederick IV 31, 33, 34 Greens 284, 295, 299, 302, 304–5 Frederick (V) III (Holy Roman Grillparzer, Franz 118, 126, 139, 265 Emperor) 30, 34, 37–41, 45 Groer, Hermann 290 Frederick II of Prussia 83, 86, 89, 93, Gruber, Karl 244, 259–60 94, 101 Grunwald,¨ Alfred 215, 216 Frederick William II of Prussia 102 Gustavus Adolphus II 62 Frederick William IV of Prussia 130–1 Freedom Party (FPO)¨ 3, 263, 273, Haberditzl, Franz Martin 231 285–6, 287, 290, 295, 298–9, Habsburg, Otto 229, 263, 292 302–6 Haider, Jorg¨ 3, 287, 290, 291, 293, Freemasons 99 295, 297–9, 302–5 French Revolution 103, 104–14, 125 Hallstatt 10 Freud, Sigmund 64, 65, 155, 171, 172, Haugwitz, Friedrich Wilhelm 88, 90 212, 216, 224, 234 Haydn, Joseph 96, 99 Friedjung, Heinrich 154, 182 Hayek, Friedrich von 210, 213, 268 Fries, Johann 87 Hebenstreit, Franz 105 Frischenschlager, Friedhelm 286–91 Heer, Friedrich 269 Friuli 17, 27 Heiligenkreuz 19, 21 Heimwehr, Heimatblock 199, 208–9, Gattinara, Mercurino 45 212, 220–7 Gehrer, Elisabeth 300 Hellbrunn 66 Gentz, Friedrich von 109 Helmer, Oskar 257

328 Index

Henry II ‘Jasomirgott’ (Babenberg) 19, John XXIII (pope) 33 22 John Paul II (pope) 307 Herbst, Eduard 150 Jonas, Franz 271 Herzl, Theodor 161 Joseph I (Holy Roman Emperor) 74, Hildebrandt, Lucas von 75 78–9 Hilferding, Rudolf 158, 214 Joseph II (Holy Roman Emperor) 88, Hirschfeld, Ludwig 212 93–104, 110, 113, 125, 129, 131, Hitler, Adolf 142, 176, 198, 201, 175 222–47, 266, 303 Josephism 94, 103, 104–5, 109, 110, Hofbauer, Clemens Maria 116 116, 119, 146, 170, 271 Hofburg 96, 125, 277 Hofer, Andreas 111 Kaltenbrunner, Ernst 245 Hofmannsthal, Hugo von 171, 213, Kaprun 237, 252 214 Kara Mustapha (grand vizier) 70 Holocaust 1, 235–7, 256, 296, 300 Karajan, Herbert von 265 Holy Alliance (1815) 114 Karl-Marx Hof 207, 223 Holy Leagues (1495) 42;(1684) 71 Karlskirche 75 Hoover, Herbert 203, 252 Kaunitz, Wenzel Anton Count 89–90, Hormayr, Joseph von 110, 111, 112 91, 93, 99, 101 Hornigk,¨ Philipp Wilhelm von 81, 83 Kelsen, Hans 171, 205, 213, 268 Hrdlicka, Alfred 292 Kepler, Johannes 55 Hundertwasser, Friedensreich 282 Khlesl, Melchior 57, 58–9 Hungarian diet 73, 78, 79, 86, 88, 100, Khrushchev, Nikita 260, 262 110, 121, 124, 165, 183 Kirchschlager,¨ Rudolf 276, 288 Hus, Jan; Hussitism 33, 35 Kitzbuhel¨ 43 Klagenfurt 57, 173 Illuminati, Order of 99, 103 Klaus, Josef 263, 270–1, 273, 276 Innocent XI (pope) 71 Klestil, Thomas 297, 303 Innsbruck 6, 41, 44, 48, 70, 127, 173, Klima, Viktor 300 222, 244, 266, 282, 294 Klimt, Gustav 170, 202, 239, 300, Israel 278–80, 287, 297, 303 314 Istria 17, 31, 178, 179 Klosterneuburg 19, 21, 22 Izvolsky, Alexander 181 Knight, Robert 296, 300 Koerber, Ernst 162–3, 168, 189 Janik, Allan 172 Kolowrat-Liebsteinsky, Count Franz Jellaciˇ c,´ Josip 128, 129 Anton 117 Jerusalem 297, 313 Konig,¨ Franz 271, 275, 290, 297 Jesuits 53, 55, 91, 99 Koniggr¨ atz¨ (Sadowa) 85, 138, 139, Jews 23, 30, 33, 65, 68, 69, 76, 77–8, 141 81, 87, 96–7, 98, 118, 119–20, Koren, Stephan 271, 273, 274 127, 132, 133, 135, 146, 153, 154, Korner,¨ Theodor 262 155–8, 168, 174–7, 206, 209–10, Kossuth, Louis 124 212–19, 224, 230–1, 234–7, 242, Kralik, Richard von 219 245, 256, 257–8, 259, 265, 268–9, Krama´r,ˇ Karel 188, 189 272–3, 278–80, 283, 285–6, 287, Kraus, Karl 142, 171, 172, 188, 213, 288, 291, 296–7, 300–2, 304, 313, 222 317 Kreisky, Bruno 7, 271, 272–80, 287, Johann (archduke) 110, 111, 112, 117, 288, 293 125 Kremsier 129–30, 132

Index 329

Kronenzeitung 298, 302 Luther, Martin; Lutheranism 46, 47, Krumau (Ceskˇ y´ Krumlov) 240, 257, 48, 50, 52, 53, 54, 55, 57, 70, 88 308 Kubeck,¨ Karl 130, 136 Mach, Ernst 172, 174 Kunschak, Leopold 205 Magdeburg 62 Kuranda, Ignaz 118 Mahler, Gustav 282, 317 Kurasov, Vladimir 252 Mailberg, League of (1451) 39 ‘kuruc’ and ‘labanc’ (Hungary) 70, 74, Mannheimer, Rabbi Isaak Noah 125 165 Mantua 61, 75, 101, 111 Marchfeld 26–7, 244 Ladislaw Postumus 34, 37, 39 Margarete ‘Maultasch’ 30 Laibach (Ljubljana) 39, 114 Maria of Burgundy 40 Lambach 311 Maria Theresa 37, 79, 80, 85–95, 99, Landwehr 110–11, 112, 145 139 League of Nations 208, 211, 221 Mariazell 67, 77 Lechfeld 13, 17 Marie Antoinette 71, 102, 106, 112 Leichter, Kathe¨ 214 Marie Louise 112 Lemberg (Lviv) 169, 174, 187 Marlborough, John Churchill, duke Leopold III (Babenberg) 18 of 74 Leopold V 19, 22 Marshall Plan 252–3, 264 Leopold VI 19, 22–3 Matthias Corvinus 39–41 Leopold I (Habsburg) 28 Matthias (Holy Roman Emperor) 55, Leopold III (Habsburg) 31–3 56, 58–9 Leopold I (Holy Roman Mauerbach 300 Emperor) 67–8, 69–74, 77–8 Mauthausen 244, 311 Leopold II (Holy Roman Maximilian I (Holy Roman Emperor) 102–3, 105 Emperor) 40–5, 51 Leopoldi, Hermann 214 Maximilian II (Holy Roman Liberal Forum (LiF) 299, 302 Emperor) 53–5 liberalism 64, 103, 104, 115, 118, Maximilian of Bavaria 60 121–2, 129, 132–3, 155–6, 169–70, Maximilian Franz, Elector of 175, 176, 209–10, 213, 275, 283, Cologne 103 284, 294, 305 Mayerling 159 Liebenberg, Andreas 71 Melanchthon, Philipp 54 Linz (Lentia) 11, 19, 22, 40, 83, 119, Melk 21, 76 154, 210, 230, 233, 234, 237, Messenhauser, Wenzel 129 263–4, 269, 280, 308 Metternich, Clemens Wenzel Lothar Lohr,¨ Alexander 242, 287 Count 112–24, 134 Lombardy, Lombards Metz 48 (Langobardii) 12, 89, 113, 120, Miklas, Wilhelm 229–30 135, 138 Milan 31, 47, 61, 75, 101, 124 Loos, Adolf 171, 172, 174, 214 Molden, Berthold 192 Lorraine 40, 80 Moravian Brethren 52 Louis II Jagellon 44, 50 Moravian Compromise 163 Louis XIV (France) 70, 74 Moscow Declaration 245–6 Ludwig IV (Bavaria) 28, 29 Mozart, Wolfgang Amadeus 6, 96, 99, Lueger, Karl 154–5, 161, 162 266, 315–17 Luitpold (ﬁrst Babenberg margrave) 13 Muhlviertel¨ 22, 61, 244, 250, 269, 274 Lusatia 60, 63 Muratori, Lodovico Antonio 91

330 Index

Musil, Robert 171, 173, 197, 213 Passau 17, 58 Mussolini, Benito 223, 225, 226, 227, Paul VI (pope) 272 228 Pergen, Johann Anton Count 100, 101, 102, 105 Nagodba (Hungaro-Croatian Pernerstorfer, Engelbert 158 Compromise) 146, 179 Peter, Friedrich 279 Napoleon III 134 Philip II (Spain) 48–9, 55, 56, 65 Napoleon Bonaparte 106, 108–13, 232 Pillnitz Declaration 105 National Bank 115, 274 Plener, Ernst von 160 nationalism 44, 92, 104, 109–12, 115, Ponte, Lorenzo da 99, 317 120–2, 125–6, 129, 133, 139, 141, Popper, Karl 171, 213, 268 148, 151, 154, 156, 161–7, 169–70, Popper-Lynkeus, Joseph 172 180, 285, 287, 291, 295 Portugal 63, 71, 115 National Socialists, Nazis Pragmatic Sanction 79–80, 85, 86, 87, (NSDAP) 209, 219, 221–47, 254, 144 258–9, 260, 263, 265, 266–7, 275, Prague 30, 53, 55, 58, 59, 60, 62, 63, 285, 306, 311 66, 87, 95, 121, 126, 159, 169, Nestroy, Johann 118 170, 174, 191, 272, 276, 292, Netherlands (see also United 293 Provinces) 40, 46, 48, 49, 56, 74, Prandtauer, Jakob 76 75, 80, 86, 88, 94, 101–2, 203, Prater Park 94 235, 238, 279 Pressburg (Bratislava) 13, 41, 58, 73, Neurath, Otto 213, 214 108, 293 Nibelungenlied, Das 23 Princip, Gavrilo 184 Nicholas I 130, 134 Privilegium maius 30, 38 Noricum, Norici 10, 11 Privilegium minus 19, 23 Norway 242, 279 Proksch, Udo 285 Novibazar, Sanjak of 181 Protestantism 8, 46–65, 69, 70, 73–4, 81, 92, 96, 106, 175, 201 Olah, Franz 270 Protestant Union 59, 60 Olmutz¨ 119, 128, 131 psychoanalysis 65, 213, 216, 268 OPEC 277–8 Oppenheimer, Samuel 77–8 Qualtinger, Helmut 239, 267 Orthodox Christianity 15, 73, 96, 114 Quintuple Alliance (1818) 114 Ostend Company 80 Otakar II (Bohemia) 26–7 Raab, Franz Anton 93 Otzi¨ the Iceman 4–6, 10 Raab, Julius 260–2, 270 Radetzky, Count Joseph 126, 130 Palacky,´ Frantisekˇ 120, 126 Raetia, Raetii 10, 11 Palatinate 43, 60–1 Reder, Walter 286–91 Palestinians, PLO 278–80 Regiment 42, 45, 46 Palme, Jan and Herta 268 Reichskristallnacht 235, 292 Paneuropean Union 292 Reinhardt, Max 214, 268 Parity Commission 264, 274 Renner, Karl 165, 203, 233, 247, 254, Parliament, Austrian: 255 Nationalrat (1920–) 205, 260, 270 resistance movement 242, 243, 244–5 Reichsrat (1860–1918) 130, 135, 136, Revolution of 1848 123–31 137, 143, 147–9, 150–3, 158, Richard I 19 161–3, 189 Riess-Passer, Susanne 303, 304 Reichstag (1848) 128–9 Rodin, Auguste 317

Index 331

Roman Empire 11, 14–15, 17, 48, 108, Schonbrunn¨ Palace 76, 95, 188 311 Schonerer,¨ Georg von 154, 158 Romania, Romanians 73, 151, 178, Schorske, Carl E. 169, 283 182, 183, 188, 192, 198, 292 Schubert, Franz 117 Rome 28, 37, 39, 44, 47, 48, 226 Schumpeter, Joseph 213, 268 Roth, Joseph 213, 214 Schuschnigg, Kurt 224–30, 273 Rothschild family 119–20, 133, 300 Schussel,¨ Wolfgang 300, 303–6 Anselm 135 Schutzbund (Republican Defence Salomon 119 League) 208, 211, 220, 221, 223 Rudolf I (Holy Roman Emperor) 26, Schwarzenberg, Prince Felix zu 129–31, 27–8, 37 134 Rudolf II (Holy Roman Schwarzenberg, Prince Karl Philipp Emperor) 55–8, 63, 108 zu 112 Rudolf IV 30–1 Schwarzwald, Eugenia 213 Rudolf (crown prince) 158–9 Schwaz 42 Ruthenians 153, 178 Secession 169, 170, 282 Sedlnitzky, Count Joseph 116 Saint Gotthard (Styria) 70 Seipel, Ignaz 210, 211, 218, 221, 222 Saint Gotthard Pass (Switzerland) 27, Seitz, Karl 206 28, 30 Serbia, Serbs 71, 75, 178–87, 191, 192 Saint Quentin 48 Seyss-Inquart, Arthur 227–30, 238 Saint Stephen’s Cathedral 22, 30, 55, Shanghai 234 125 Siegmund (Tyrol) 34, 40 Salzburg (Juvavum) 6, 11, 14, 16, 17, Sigismund (Holy Roman Emperor) 31, 66, 81, 96, 106, 108, 113, 173, 33–4 201, 207, 228, 250, 258, 266–7, Silesia 59, 63, 64, 74, 81, 85–9, 92, 280, 299, 316 109, 138 Salzburg Agreement 188 Sinowatz, Fred 285–6, 288 Salzburg Festival 201, 214, 217, 219, Sixtus Affair 189–90 225, 240, 265–6, 269, 293 Slav Congress 126 Salzburg Seminar 268 Slovakia, Slovaks 50, 121 Salzkammergut 81 Slovenes 51, 53, 121, 151, 153, 161, Sarajevo 184 169, 178, 199, 246 Sardinia, Sardinia-Piedmont 75, 135, Social Democrats, Socialists (SPO)¨ 154, 179 157–8, 163, 165, 166, 167, 176, Saxony 48, 60, 63, 89 191, 201, 203–7, 208, 209–12, Scharf,¨ Adolf 247, 254, 262 218–24, 233, 247, 254–5, 257, Schattendorf 211 263, 270, 271, 272–6, 279, 280, Schiele, Egon 170, 203, 300 283, 284, 285, 287, 290, 295, 299, Schikaneder, Emanuel 99, 103, 317 304–5, 306 Schirach, Baldur von 239–40, 243 Socialist International 278, 283 Schleswig-Holstein 137 ‘social partnership’, Schmalkaldic League 47–8 neo-corporatism 255, 263–4, 272, Schmerling, Anton von 136–7, 147 274, 280, 298 Schmidt, Guido 226–9 Solferino 135 Schmidt, Heide 299, 302 Sonnenfels, Joseph 91, 94, 95, 102, 105 Schnitzler, Arthur 171, 172, 176, 213 Sopron (Odenburg)¨ 200 Schober, Johannes 211, 212, 220 Sound of Music, The 266–7, 268 Schoenberg, Arnold 171, 172, 213, 268 South Tyrol 4–6, 183, 199, 227, 253, Schonau¨ 278–80 272, 297

332 Index

Spa 190 Third Man, The 250 Spain 41, 42, 45, 48, 49, 53, 54, 55, 56, Three Emperors’ Alliance (1881) 158 58, 59, 60, 61–5, 68, 69, 71, 73, Three Emperors’ League (1873) 149 74, 79, 80, 109, 113, 114 Thun, Count Leo 132 Spanish American Empire 45, 46, 49, Tilly, Jean Tserklaes de 60, 62 75, 114 Tisza, Istvan´ 183, 189 Spanish inﬂuenza 202 Tisza, Kalm´ an´ 165 Spann, Othmar 219 Tolbuchin, Fiodor 246 Spiel, Hilde 213 Torberg, Friedrich 213, 265 Stadion, Count Johann Philipp 109–12, tourism 6, 216–18, 264–9, 283, 308–9 122 Trakl, Georg 172, 173, 174 Stalingrad 243 Trapp, Maria von 266 Standestaat¨ 223–30, 232–3, 238 Trautson, Johann Joseph 91 Starhemberg, Count Ernst Rudiger¨ Treaties, Peaces: von 71 Georgenberg (1186) 17, 19 Starhemberg, Count Gundaccar 78 Munich (1325) 28 Starhemberg, Ernst Rudiger¨ 220–7 Arras (1482) 40 State Treaty (1955) 250, 260–1 Pressburg (1491) 41 Steger, Norbert 285, 287, 290 Cambrai (1529) 47 Steinbach, Emil 152, 158 Constantinople (1562) 51 Steinwender, Otto 154 Vienna (1615) 59 Stephen of Hungary 15 Westphalia (1648) 63 Steyr 17, 23 Nijmegen (1679) 70 Steyrer, Kurt 287 Carlowitz (1699) 73, 75 Stifter, Adalbert 118 Utrecht (1713) 74 Strache, Heinz-Christian 306 Rastatt (1714) 75 Strasburg 58, 70 Passarowitz (1718) 79, 80 Strauss, Johann, Jr 149, 214 First Versailles (1756) 89 Strauss, Richard 214 Hubertusburg (1763) 89 Stremayr Ordinances 153, 162 Campo Formio (1797) 106 Stresa Front 225 Luneville´ (1801) 106 Sturgkh,¨ Count Karl 183, 188 Pressburg (1805) 108 Sudetenland 199, 200 Schonbrunn¨ (1809) 111 Suleiman the Magniﬁcent 50 Prague (1866) 138 Sweden 59, 62–3, 69, 70, 74, 89, 273 Brest-Litovsk (1917) 189 Swieten, Gerhard van 91 St Germain (1919) 199–201, 208 Swieten, Gottfried van 96 Versailles (1919) 199, 221, 226 Swiss Confederation 28, 33, 40, 43 Trianon (1920) 199 Sylvester Patent 130, 132 Lausanne (1932) 221 Gruber–De Gasperi (1946) 272 Taaffe, Count Eduard 150–3, 157, Helsinki Accords (1975) 277 158–60, 161, 162 SALTII(1979) 277 Talleyrand-Perigord,´ Charles Camp David (1978) 280 Maurice 111 Maastricht (1992) 297 Tandler, Julius 206, 211 Trent, Trentino 113, 272 Tauber, Kaspar 52 Trent, Council of 48, 53 Tegethoff, Wilhelm von 138 Trieste 33, 80 Temesvar,´ Banat of 73, 79, 80 Triple Alliance (1882) 158, 186 Theuerdank 44, 46 Troppau 114

Index 333

Tschernembl, Georg Erasmus von 60 Vorarlberg 6, 10, 17, 31, 108, 200, 250 Tuscany 80, 102, 106, 113 Vranitzky, Franz 3, 290, 296–7, 300

Union of Independents (VdU) 259, Wagner, Otto 170, 171, 202 262, 263 Wagner, Richard 172, 214 United Nations 256, 277–8, 283, 306 Wagram 111 United Provinces (Dutch Waldheim, Kurt 3, 7–8, 242, 276, Netherlands) 61, 63, 70, 74, 80, 277–8, 283, 287–91, 293, 296–7 101, 106 Wallenstein, Albrecht of 61–2 universities 52, 115, 271, 275–6, 295, Wannsee Conference 236 305–6 wars: Cracow 169 Guelph-Ghibelline 18–19, 23 Czernowitz 169 Hussite 33, 35 Lemberg 169 Thirty Years (1618–48) 59–64, 66 Linz 271 Devolution (1667–8) 70 Prague 30, 153, 169 Dutch (1672–9) 70 Salzburg 271 League of Augsburg (1689–97) 71 Technische Hochschule (Vienna) 119 Spanish Succession (1700–14) 74 Vienna 30, 91, 95, 263 Polish Succession (1733–8) 80 UNRRA 252 Second Turkish (1737–9) 80 USIA 252 Austrian Succession (1740–8) 86–7 Utraquism 53, 58 Seven Years (1756–63) 89 Bavarian Succession (1778–9) 94 Vaterlandsfront 222, 224, 226 French Revolutionary and Vatican Council, Second 271 Napoleonic (1792–1815) 104–13 Vaugoin, Carl 208 Crimean (1854–6) 134 Venice, Venetia 22, 31, 44, 113, 130, Franco-Austrian (1859) 135 137, 138, 193 Franco-Prussian (1870) 143 Verona 17, 44, 114 ‘Pig War’ (1906–10) 180, 182 Vetsera, Marie 159 First Balkan (1912–13) 182 Vienna (Vindobona) Second Balkan (1913) 182 Congress of 1814–15 113–14 First World (1914–18) 6, 184–92, First siege of (1529) 50 193, 269 ‘Red Vienna’ 206–7, 211, 212–19 Civil (1934) 223–4 Ringstrasse 133, 146, 212, 293 Second World (1939–45) 3, 8, 235, Second siege of (1683) 70–1 237, 240, 241–7, 285 ‘Vienna 1900’ 4, 142, 170–6, 212, Cold 250, 253–4, 260–2, 266, 272, 265, 266, 282–3, 293, 300, 315, 277, 297 317 Waterloo 113 World Exhibition (1873) 149 Weinheber, Josef 239–40 Vienna choirboys 96 Weininger, Otto 171, 172 Vienna Circle 171, 174, 213, 268 Wels 19, 44 Vienna Opera 265 Wertheimer, Samson 76, 78 Vienna Philharmonic 238, 265 White Mountain, Battle of the 60 Vitkovice 119 Wiener Neustadt 39, 91, 237, 243 VOEST (formerly Hermann Goring)¨ Wiesenthal, Simon 236, 279, 288, 311 Steelworks 233, 237, 263–4 Wilder, Billy 214, 268 Vogelsang, Karl von 154 William I (Prussia) 137 Vogelweide, Walther von der 23 William II (Germany) 184

334 Index

William of Orange (William III) 73 Yugoslavia 3, 192, 198, 199, 242, 250, Wilson, Woodrow 191 252, 259, 294, 298 Windischgratz,¨ Prince Alfred (general) 126, 129 Zagreb 182, 191 Windischgratz,¨ Prince Alfred (prime Zapolya,´ John 50 minister, 1893–5) 160 Zauberﬂote,¨ Die 99, 103, 266 Winter Olympics 266, 282 Zelman, Leon 256 Wittgenstein, Ludwig 171, 172, 213, Zenta 73 268 Ziemialkowski, Florian 125 Wladislaw II Jagellon 41, 44 Zimmermann, Alfred 208 Wollersdorf¨ 223, 280 Zionism 161, 176, 280 World Jewish Congress 285–6, 288, Zita of Austria-Hungary 189, 292 291 Zollverein 115, 119, 137 Worms 47 Zweig, Stefan 171, 213 Wurttemberg¨ 45, 48, 109 Zwentendorf 284