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The Roman Empire
S1 SOCIAL SUBJECTS Home Learning Booklet Angus Lauder WHEC S1 SOCIAL SUBJECTS HOME LEARNING This workbook has been created to support you with your social subjects learning at home. Please complete work at a pace that suits you and your family. Also, we understand that you have many different subjects sending you work and need to manage your time to complete work for all subjects. We would recommend completing 1 or 2 tasks per week - some will take longer than others. As you complete a task, you can email it to your teacher (email addresses below). This will allow your teacher to give you feedback. You can attach your work as a word document or take a picture of work you have handwritten. If you have any questions, we are also working from home, and will reply to any emails you send. Our email addresses are listed below: Mr Sinclair – [email protected] Ms Oliver – [email protected] Mrs Millar – [email protected] Mr Lauder – [email protected] 1 Contents History: The Romans 1. Curriculum Links 2. History Skills 3. The Growth of Rome 4. The People of Rome 5. The Roman Empire 6. The Roman Army 7. Life in the Roman Army 8. Roman Slavery 9. Roman Food 10. Just for Fun Curriculum for Excellence Level 3 2 • I can describe the factors contributing to a major social, political, or economic change in the past and can assess the impact on people’s lives. SOC 3-05a • I can use my knowledge of a historical period to interpret the evidence and present an informed view. -
Ius Militare – Military Courts in the Roman Law (I)
International Journal of Sciences: Basic and Applied Research (IJSBAR) ISSN 2307-4531 (Print & Online) http://gssrr.org/index.php?journal=JournalOfBasicAndApplied --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Ius Militare – Military Courts in the Roman Law (I) PhD Dimitar Apasieva*, PhD Olga Koshevaliskab a,bGoce Delcev University – Shtip, Shtip 2000, Republic of Macedonia aEmail: [email protected] bEmail: [email protected] Abstract Military courts in ancient Rome belonged to the so-called inconstant coercions (coercitio), they were respectively treated as “special circumstances courts” excluded from the regular Roman judicial system and performed criminal justice implementation, strictly in conditions of war. To repress the war torts, as well as to overcome the soldiers’ resistance, which at moments was violent, the king (rex) himself at first and the highest new established magistrates i.e. consuls (consules) afterwards, have been using various constrained acts. The authority of such enforcement against Roman soldiers sprang from their “military imperium” (imperium militiae). As most important criminal and judicial organs in conditions of war, responsible for maintenance of the military courtesy, were introduced the military commander (dux) and the array and their subsidiary organs were the cavalry commander, military legates, military tribunals, centurions and regents. In this paper, due to limited available space, we will only stick to the main military courts in ancient Rome. Keywords: military camp; tribunal; dux; recruiting; praetor. 1. Introduction “[The Romans...] strictly cared about punishments and awards of those who deserved praise or lecture… The military courtesy was grounded at the fear of laws, and god – for people, weapon, brad and money are the power of war! …It was nothing more than an army, that is well trained during muster; it was no possible for one to be defeated, who knows how to apply it!” [23]. -
Introduction
INTRODUCTION The culture of justifying physical and spiritual murder in the name of faith and religion is nothing but an anomaly that expresses a perverse criminal mentality about the general behavior and morality of human societies. Whatever its motives and justifications, the violation of the right to life and encroachment upon these rights is outside of the realm of humanity itself, and the infringement on the life of dozens of people can only be interpreted as barbaric behavior far from human morals and values. This is the situation of dozens of extremist organizations and militias active in Syria, Iraq, and other regions around the world. Dozens of their members travelled long distances (thousands of kilometers) for one goal, which was to infringe upon and end the lives of others. In the beginning of 2011, the rate of sadism increased. For many moral deviants, it seems that the culture of hatred has been and continues to be the main instigator of this tendency. In an effort to investigate this in the context of the human rights situation before and after its crises, The Rojava Center for Strategic Studies (NRLS) monitored the activities and projects of fundamentalist organizations and military forces vying for power and wealth in Syrian territory, researched reports of international human rights organizations and institutions, and interviewed dozens of fighters from various nationalities. What was found was that there has been a serious increase in the rate of human rights violations. These organizations and militias reached the levels of absolute barbarism, using exile, imprisonment, suppression of freedoms, tyranny, torture, physical and sexual slavery, murder, and impeding or preventing medical and humanitarian aid to thousands of civilians. -
Saxony: Landscapes/Rivers and Lakes/Climate
Freistaat Sachsen State Chancellery Message and Greeting ................................................................................................................................................. 2 State and People Delightful Saxony: Landscapes/Rivers and Lakes/Climate ......................................................................................... 5 The Saxons – A people unto themselves: Spatial distribution/Population structure/Religion .......................... 7 The Sorbs – Much more than folklore ............................................................................................................ 11 Then and Now Saxony makes history: From early days to the modern era ..................................................................................... 13 Tabular Overview ........................................................................................................................................................ 17 Constitution and Legislature Saxony in fine constitutional shape: Saxony as Free State/Constitution/Coat of arms/Flag/Anthem ....................... 21 Saxony’s strong forces: State assembly/Political parties/Associations/Civic commitment ..................................... 23 Administrations and Politics Saxony’s lean administration: Prime minister, ministries/State administration/ State budget/Local government/E-government/Simplification of the law ............................................................................... 29 Saxony in Europe and in the world: Federalism/Europe/International -
Ex Parte Quirin", the Nazi Saboteur Case Andrew Kent
Vanderbilt Law Review Volume 66 | Issue 1 Article 3 1-2013 Judicial Review for Enemy Fighters: The ourC t's Fateful Turn in "Ex parte Quirin", the Nazi Saboteur Case Andrew Kent Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarship.law.vanderbilt.edu/vlr Part of the International Law Commons Recommended Citation Andrew Kent, Judicial Review for Enemy Fighters: The ourC t's Fateful Turn in "Ex parte Quirin", the Nazi Saboteur Case, 66 Vanderbilt Law Review 150 (2019) Available at: https://scholarship.law.vanderbilt.edu/vlr/vol66/iss1/3 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by Scholarship@Vanderbilt Law. It has been accepted for inclusion in Vanderbilt Law Review by an authorized editor of Scholarship@Vanderbilt Law. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Judicial Review for Enemy Fighters: The Court's Fateful Turn in Exparte Quirin, the Nazi Saboteur Case Andrew Kent 66 Vand. L. Rev. 153 (2013) The last decade has seen intense disputes about whether alleged terrorists captured during the nontraditional post- 9/11 conflict with al Qaeda and affiliated groups may use habeas corpus to challenge their military detention or military trials. It is time to take a step back from 9/11 and begin to evaluate the enemy combatant legal regime on a broader, more systemic basis, and to understand its application to future conflicts. A leading precedent ripe for reconsideration is Ex parte Quirin, a World War II-era case in which the Supreme Court held that saboteurs admittedly employed by an enemy nation's military had a right to access civilian courts during wartime to challenge their trial before a military commission. -
Sarily Represent the Views of Either the Judge Advocate General"S School, U
PRETRIAL RESTRAINTi A COMPARATIVE HISTORICAL ANALYSIS OF AMERICAN, BRITISH, AND CANADIAN MILITARY LAW A Thesis Presented to The Judge Advocate General's School, U. S. Army The opinions and conclusions expressed herein are those of the individual student author and do not neces- sarily represent the views of either The Judge Advocate General"s School, U. S. Army, or any other governmental agency. References to this study should include the foregoing statement. by Major Robert W. Letendre, OF102527 April, 1969 SCOPE A comparative historical study of American, British, and Canadian military law with respect to pretrial restraint or imprisonment, with particular emphasis accorded to the historical precedents of the imposition of time limitations for the serving of charges and the bringing to trial of an accused in confinement. TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTER PAGE I. INTRODUCTION I II. EVOLUTION OF MILITARY LAW PRIOR TO THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION 3 A. Historical Development of Articles o f war 3 B. Limitation on Courts-Martial Juris diction . ■. •• • 6 C. British Articles of War 1689-1749... 12 D. Limitation on Military Pretrial Con finement , 16 III. AMERICAN ARTICLES OF WAR FROM 1775 TO 1875 18 A. American Articles of War 1775-1861. 19 B . Civil War Enactments 30 C. Articles of War 1874 37 IV. AMERICAN MILITARY LAW IN THE 20ch CENTURY.37 A. Articles of War 1916 - 1920 37 B. Articles of War 1921 - 1969 51 V. BRITISH MILITARY LAW 54 A. Military Law of England 1774 - 1969.. 54 B. Military Law of Canada 1867 - 1969... 62 VI. CONCLUSIONS 69 TABLE OF CASES AND STATUTES 76 BIBLIOGRAPHY 79 I. -
IN FO R M a TIO N to U SERS This Manuscript Has Been Reproduced from the Microfilm Master. UMI Films the Text Directly From
INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter face, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleed through, substandard margin*, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand comer and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Each original is also photographed in one exposure and is included in reduced form at the back of the book. Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. Higher quality 6" x 9" black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI directly to order. A Ben A Howeii Information Company 300 North Zeeb Road Ann Arbor. Ml 48106-1346 USA 313.761-4700 800.521-0600 RENDERING TO CAESAR: SECULAR OBEDIENCE AND CONFESSIONAL LOYALTY IN MORITZ OF SAXONY'S DIPLOMACY ON THE EVE OF THE SCMALKALDIC WAR DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By James E. -
Gustavplaybook.Pdf
GustavUnder theAdolf Lily the Banners Great 11 Dirschau 1627 • Honigfelde 1629 • Breitenfeld 1631 • Alte Veste 1632 • Lützen 1632 PLAY BOOK Table of Contents All Scenarios .................................................................. 2 Dramatis Personae.................................................. 36 Polish Wars Special Rules.............................................. 4 Swedish Kings and Queens .................................... 37 Dirschau / Tczew ............................................................ 5 The Swedish-Polish Wars of the 17th Centure ...... 38 Honingfelde / Trzciano................................................... 9 Polish Army of the 1620s ....................................... 38 Breitenfeld ...................................................................... 12 The Swedish Army of Gustav Adolf ...................... 38 Alte Veste ....................................................................... 20 Game Tactics III ............................................................. 41 Lützen .......................................................................... 26 Bibliography ................................................................... 44 Edgehill Variant .............................................................. 33 Counterscans .................................................................. 45 Historical Notes .............................................................. 36 Charts and Tables ........................................................... 48 GMT Games, LLC 0602 -
Local Romanesque Architecture in Germany and Its Fifteenth-Century Reinterpretation
Originalveröffentlichung in: Enenkel, Karl A. E. ; Ottenheym, Konrad A. (Hrsgg.): The quest for an appropriate past in literature, art and architecture, Leiden 2019, S. 511-585 (Intersections ; 60) chapter 19 Translating the Past: Local Romanesque Architecture in Germany and Its Fifteenth-Century Reinterpretation Stephan Hoppe The early history of northern Renaissance architecture has long been pre- sented as being the inexorable occurrence of an almost viral dissemination of Italian Renaissance forms and motifs.1 For the last two decades, however, the interconnected and parallel histories of enfolding Renaissance humanism have produced new analytical models of reciprocal exchange and of an ac- tively creative reception of knowledge, ideas, and texts yet to be adopted more widely by art historical research.2 In what follows, the focus will be on a particular part of the history of early German Renaissance architecture, i.e. on the new engagement with the historical – and by then long out-of-date – world of Romanesque architectural style and its possible connections to emerging Renaissance historiography 1 Cf. Hitchcock H.-R., German Renaissance Architecture (Princeton, NJ: 1981). 2 Burke P., The Renaissance (Atlantic Highlands, NJ: 1987); Black R., “Humanism”, in Allmand C. (ed.), The New Cambridge Medieval History, c. 1415–c. 1500, vol. 7 (Cambridge: 1998) 243–277; Helmrath J., “Diffusion des Humanismus. Zur Einführung”, in Helmrath J. – Muhlack U. – Walther G. (eds.), Diffusion des Humanismus. Studien zur nationalen Geschichtsschreibung europäischer Humanisten (Göttingen: 2002) 9–34; Muhlack U., Renaissance und Humanismus (Berlin – Boston: 2017); Roeck B., Der Morgen der Welt. Die Geschichte der Renaissance (Munich: 2017). For more on the field of modern research in early German humanism, see note 98 below. -
Never Again: International Intervention in Bosnia and Herzegovina1
Never again: 1 International intervention in Bosnia and Herzegovina July 2017 David Harland2 1 This study is one of a series commissioned as part of an ongoing UK Government Stabilisation Unit project relating to elite bargains and political deals. The project is exploring how national and international interventions have and have not been effective in fostering and sustaining political deals and elite bargains; and whether or not these political deals and elite bargains have helped reduce violence, increased local, regional and national stability and contributed to the strengthening of the relevant political settlement. This is a 'working paper' and the views contained within do not necessarily represent those of HMG. 2 Dr David Harland is Executive Director of the Centre for Humanitarian Dialogue. He served as a witness for the Prosecution at the International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia in the cases of The Prosecutor versus Slobodan Milošević, The Prosecutor versus Radovan Karadžić, The Prosecutor versus Ratko Mladić, and others. Executive summary The war in Bosnia and Herzegovina was the most violent of the conflicts which accompanied the break- up of Yugoslavia, and this paper explores international engagement with that war, including the process that led to the signing of the Dayton Peace Agreement. Sarajevo and Srebrenica remain iconic symbols of international failure to prevent and end violent conflict, even in a small country in Europe. They are seen as monuments to the "humiliation" of Europe and the UN and the -
True Stori He Con Ott Er
T R UE ST O R I HE C O N OTT E R N F. HAMILT O N ! AC ! SO Wi th Illu s t ra ti ons by t he A n t/t a r SA N DS C O . LO N DO N : n H N R I T T A ST R T ST R AN D , E E EE , DIN BUR G H : 1 BAN ! ST R T E 3 . E E 7 h C O N T E N TS C HA PT E R PAG E PREPA C E W H AT W A S A CONDOTTIERE T H E U M L T A W H C H P II . COMM NAL I I I I RECEDED T H E MERCENARY BANDS T H E O R G N S H ST O R Y T H E III . I I AND I OF FREE COMPANIES I I OH H W ! W V . S R ! N A OOD N D G DA B B V . ALB ERICO A IOVANNI AR IANO P VI . ACINO CANE I I O SSON I L M O V . BU I G FRANCESC , CALLED CAR A N LA V . BR A C C O D A O O FO R T E BR AC C IO III I M NT NE, CALLED I X . NICOLO P I C C I N IN O MUZ O A T T E N DOLO O Z I , CALLED SF R A X I. O Z U! O F FRANCESC SFOR A , D E MILAN X I I DA G . -
Collecting and Representing Saxon Identity in the Dresden Kunstkammer and Princely Monuments in Freiberg Cathedral
UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA RIVERSIDE International Projects with a Local Emphasis: Collecting and Representing Saxon Identity in the Dresden Kunstkammer and Princely Monuments in Freiberg Cathedral A Thesis submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts in Art History by Daniel A. Powazek June 2020 Thesis Committee: Dr. Kristoffer Neville, Chairperson Dr. Randolph Head Dr. Jeanette Kohl Copyright by Daniel A. Powazek 2020 The Thesis of Daniel A. Powazek is approved: Committee Chairperson University of California, Riverside ABSTRACT OF THE THESIS International Projects with a Local Emphasis: The Collecting and Representation of Saxon Identity in the Dresden Kunstkammer and Princely Monuments in Freiberg Cathedral by Daniel A. Powazek Master of Arts, Graduate Program in Art History University of California, Riverside, June 2020 Dr. Kristoffer Neville, Chairperson When the Albertine Dukes of Saxony gained the Electoral privilege in the second half of the sixteenth century, they ascended to a higher echelon of European princes. Elector August (r. 1553-1586) marked this new status by commissioning a monumental tomb in Freiberg Cathedral in Saxony for his deceased brother, Moritz, who had first won the Electoral privilege for the Albertine line of rulers. The tomb’s magnificence and scale, completed in 1563, immediately set it into relation to the grandest funerary memorials of Europe, the tombs of popes and monarchs, and thus establishing the new Saxon Electors as worthy peers in rank and status to the most powerful rulers of the period. By the end of his reign, Elector August sought to enshrine the succeeding rulers of his line in an even grander project, a dynastic chapel built into Freiberg Cathedral directly in front of the tomb of Moritz.