True Stori He Con Ott Er

T R UE ST O R I

HE C O N OTT E R

N F. HAMILT O N ! AC ! SO

Wi th Illu s t ra ti ons by t he A n t/t a r

SA N DS C O .

LO N DO N : n H N R I T T A ST R T ST R AN D , E E EE ,

DIN BUR G H : 1 BAN ! ST R T E 3 . E E

7 h

C O N T E N TS

C HA PT E R PAG E PREPA C E

W H AT W A S A CONDOTTIERE

T H E U M L T A W H C H P II . COMM NAL I I I I RECEDED T H E MERCENARY BANDS

T H E O R G N S H ST O R Y T H E III . I I AND I OF FREE COMPANIES

I I OH H W ! W V . S R ! N A OOD

N D G DA B B V . ALB ERICO A IOVANNI AR IANO

P VI . ACINO CANE

I I O SSON I L M O V . BU I G FRANCESC , CALLED CAR A N LA

V . BR A C C O D A O O FO R T E BR AC C IO III I M NT NE, CALLED

I X . NICOLO P I C C I N IN O

MUZ O A T T E N DOLO O Z I , CALLED SF R A

X I. O Z U! O F FRANCESC SFOR A , D E MILAN

X I I DA G . ERASMO NARNI , CALLED ATTAMELATA

X B O O C OLLE O N I III . ARTOL MME

X I V G . SI ISMOND PANDOLFO MALATESTA

X V . G D I O O U ! FEDERI O M NTEFELTR . D E OF UR B I N O

ILLUST R AT IO N S

Dra wi ng Of the Stu dy by Gi o rgi one for ﬁ gure of

. e a e i n the c e a t C a s e a nc o now i n S Lib r l pi tur t lfr ,

the N a ona a e ondon. o o a e ti l G ll ry , L (Ph t gr vur )

eo e a n Figur e Of S . G rg by M tegna (from the p i c ture i n the cc a dem a en ce A i , V i ) Si r ! o hn Ha wkwood (from the memori a l fres co by a o o Ucce o i n t he C a ed a o ence P l ll th r l , Fl r ) a c t he C a de a nd T o e t he nz a n B k Of it l w r Of A i i ,

The a s of the a zzet a en ce a nd o o Pill r Pi t , V i , S Gi rgi Ma ggi or e The C a s e a ta now U b e t de b the tl Of Fr t , m r i built y Perugi a ns i n 1386 The ea o n a n e a a nd a cc o s o a Gr t F u t i , P rugi , Br i L ggi T he Pi a zz r o i a MurO e a S p , P rugi a nces co e e a cc o wa s ed a nd t he S . Fr (wh r Br i buri )

C on a te n ta . e na d no e a fr r i Of S B r r i , P rugi T he o a n e o e a P rt S . A g l , P rugi T e o a E co a no e a h P rt S . r l , P rugi T he Vi a d e a t a e hes e a re a s e a . T ll S ll , P rugi ( p rt Of t he a nci ent E trus ca n C i ty wa ys ) The Griffi n a nd t he Li on on t he Pa l a zzo del

C o ne e a . ro ese c a ns the ca mu , P rugi (F m th h i p t ured ba rs of t he ga tes of A ss i s i hung) T he occa a nd the C a edra ss s f om R th l , A i i , r Fra nces co Sforza (fr om a ha s r elief) T he a a zzo C om na e a cenza P l u l , Pi

Th e a s of . o enzo a n Pill r S L r , Mil T he Birth - pl a ce Of G a tta m el a ta a t N a rni

o c o i n on of . o ena e N a n P rti fr t S Gi v l , r i o a t a e a a i n the rsena en ce Arm ur Of G t m l t A l , V i n m he on e C o o . A on o a d a ro t S t i , P u , f P t rv a e G a a me a a ona e o St tu Of tt l t , by D t ll ’ n o o An o n o o a e s a ue edes a s de . D t ll St t with P t l , ut i S t i , a d a P u - ' Verroc chi o s Sta tue Of C o lleoni T ne C olleoni St a tu e i n the Pi a zza SS Gi ova nni a nd a o o en ce P l , V i ’ T he C a s e o f a a a sh o n Coll e o ni s a e tl M lp g , wi g lt r a t ions ILLUST R A T IO N S Conti nued

FAC IN G The n n oo e a ed for C s a n ! n o Di i g R m p r p r hri ti , i g f en a b C oll eoni D m rk , y

T o C oll eoni i n hi s c a e e a-mo mb Of , h p l , B rg The occa n s o nd a a tes a R Of Rimi i , built by Sigi m M l t Th e d e T e s n Bri g Of ib riu , Rimi i

In e o . a nces co n t ri r Of S Fr , Rimi i Fr ed eri c Of M onte fel tr o (from a ha s r e li e f) C o a d the ca a a ce U no urty r Of Du l P l , rbi

C ne - ece i n t he a a de n e ca him y p i S l gli A g li , Du l Pa l a ce a t Urbi no

HE A D IN G S AN D T A IL PIE C E S T HA PT R O C E S .

PAG E on en to n on o R i d O i n . a nces ca o a na M um t A t i S Fr R m , Rom e ’ C o nd o tti er e In F oo t s o ld ie r s Armom (fr om a pi c ture i n t he N a ona a e ondon ti l G ll ry , L ) B a dges Of Fra nc esco Sfo rza Arm s Of Fl o r ence a nd t he Ct ' ch Arm s Of Bres ci a a nd Pe ru gi a s o f ena sa a nd e ona Arm Si , Pi V r T he Cen e of o ence o m t he o o Ga dens tr Fl r , fr B b li r d he od a o n e o r . c e e a n t es f o e c A rm s f C . S Mi h l P t Fl r The a a o e o a nd T o e G a ri s enda o o na P l zz P p li rr , B l g A I ms Of Mil a n a nd PM 1 a s en ce a n a nd t he C a 1 m1 no la o f Arm Of V i , Mil , g G enoa A rms Of Pi a cenza a nd Lo d ov i co i l Mo r o

. e o i n C a si nens e a nd . o en c o S Pi tr , S D m i , ’ C a sk e t i n whi c e ra c c i O s bones a re p r es e rved i n the s e e u a Mu um . P r gi T he C a s tl e Of Bres c i a A 1 ms a nd Ba dge Of Sfo rza A I ms Of B o l ogna T he C a s e of a n t b a nc es m o a tl Mil , buil y Sf rz Ba dges u se d by F1 a nc es c o S fm za ed ae a d e N a n M i v l Bri g , r i T he C a s tl e Of Trezzo 0 E T he C a s tl e O f Mi a l pa ga f1 m t he S . . Si gi s m o nd M a l a t es ta (f1 o m t he r eli e f by Ma tteo ( l a Pa s ti ) The a a o C es a i e Bimi ni t he a nu c nt o Pi zz Giuli , , F rum The ca a a c e a nd Me i ca to N o o U no Du l P l u v , rbi PR E FA C E

e ods an e and ea a the na a a es of IN p ri Of ch g uph v l , tur l biliti the strong and ta l ented in many directions have a ch ance Of full pl ay which i s Often deni e d to them wh en more settl ed

ond ons e a a nd the as - on ess e on en on c iti pr v il , c t ir pr ur Of c v ti al standards a nd Of l aws made apparently for the a dvantage Of the i ncompetent and the cunning prevent tal ent a nd force Of ch ara cter from reaping th at advantage to which they are n An s i e n the ea sons rightfully e titl ed. d thi s p rhaps o e Of r which mak e the study Of these confu sed peri ods so i nteresti ng the ne e ed i s a a s a en n a nd the ons an u xp ct lw y h pp i g, c t tly a n n o n n a e n n ch gi g c mbi ati o s ev de proph cy a d prognostic ati o . T s oo endea o s to e a se of one s e od hi b k v ur giv glimp uch p ri , a na e w en the s o I a was so o nd u w th t, m ly, h hi t ry Of t ly b u p ith the expl oits Of a c erta i n numb er of great warri ors th at the story Of their lives and doi ngs may be a lmost said to be the hi story Of the country : a peri od which commenc es with anarchy and the i nterneci ne struggl es of fa cti ons in the free o nes a nd ends the es a s men des o s s c mmu , with t bli h t Of p ti m all over the peni nsul ar : a period during which military a dventurers from every country in E urope deva stated the unh appy l a nd of Ita ly a nd robb ed a nd murdered its inh abit ants ’ at e ea s e so a Fra Sa limbeni s des on the th ir pl ur , th t cripti Of ’ war i s s a e state Of Lomb ardy duri ng Frederi ck II. s s c rc ly T he an wa s exaggerated as appli ed to the next century. l d ed ed to a dese o an one a n or a e n r uc rt , with ut y cultiv ti g it tr v lli g N or o men o or sow or ea or l an o . d thr ugh it c ul pl ugh , , r p , p t B nea the o ns men o ed ne a ds or e i n a es . ut vi y r , liv vill g r t w w rk PR E FA C E

a a d of so d e s and s had to be done on a o n with gu r l i r , thi cc u t of the a en and o e h highw ym r bb rs w o had greatly increased. And they carri ed 03 men and h eld them c aptive till they edee e se es one An t a i e a might r m th m lv with m y. d a th t t m man woul d see anoth er man pas sing him on the road as ad as “ he o In os the gl ly w ul d h ave seen the devil . thi s cha genius of the great l ea ders gradu a lly evolved a n el a borate a rt of war i n which ce rtai n rul es were chivalrously Ob served nde a n of ene a e e a on an art w was a a u r p i g r l x cr ti , hich rtifici l to a de ee a oo the a s sense i n high gr , but p rt k Of rti tic which o e d e ons od ed a as e in the o a e a s th r ir cti pr uc th t m t ry f rm tiv rt , i n e a e i n s d s n s ed the e od of the lit r tur , mu ic , which i ti gui h p ri n n n n E arly R e ai ssa ce in Ita ly eve more th a in other countri es . It may h ave b ee n thi s underlyi ng simil a rity which caused so many of the great C ondotti eri to p atronize a rt and l etters i n the a n en wa i n e did and to an and m g ific t y which th y , pl a out fine o s of d n a nd en nee n ede c rry w rk buil i g gi ri g. Fr rick of U no a nd S s ond a a es a of R n on es n in rbi igi m M l t t imi i , c t ti g s a s i n e e n e se e e e a s the os ass ona e thi , v rythi g l , w r p rh p m t p i t ly de o ed to a rt C olleoni Fortebra cci o a a e a a v t , but , , G tt m l t , Hawkwoo d a nd Francesco Sforza were all of th em great de s and os of the C ondo er ed w an a s buil r , m t tti i liv ith rti tic m agnificenc e which was sc arcely surpas sed by the courts of the t a ed n es of the e e so e of e c om cul iv t pri c tim , whil m th m bi ned with their arti stic procliviti es a simplicity in their e sona a s and a e a d for the e a e of e eo e p r l h bit , r g r w lf r th ir p pl

which wa s most admirabl e and at th at peri od u nu sual . T he busi ness of the C ondotti ere wa s to ﬁght and ga in the

v o at the ea s oss e e end e of e for one da ict ry l t p ibl x p itur lif , y he wa s defendi ng a State which he might shortly aft er h ave to atta ck hi s rea son b ei ng appa rently to ensure the con ” tinuance Of war so th at the sol di er might not l ack support . He did not ﬁght for lib erty or honour (however much he “ T s was al l a might protest) but for pa y a nd booty. hi th t th a s ea n a nd e e o e e e was e or no s edd n e b ttl e m t , th r f r th r littl h i g PR E FA C E xi

It wa s eno for the o se en who h of ood. e e t e bl ugh h r m , w r a ss of the so d er of ose da s to a e the ene and m l i y th y , ch rg my o e to the o nd i n e s eeded the thr w th m gr u , which , if th y ucc , a en one ene a e a e sone a nd his o se hi s a s f ll g r lly b c m pri r , h r , rm ,

and all th at he had b ec ame the property of the conqueror . It wa s pr actica lly impossibl e to get up a gai n b ecause of the ea ass i n he was s u a nd on a o n of h vy cuir which hut p , cc u t th at a nd of the heavy arms which he c a rri ed it was most d ffi to o e : to a s end o n a ns to ea d es i cult m v quickly c m u t i , l p itch , we e n s w o d not be done and a e o d not be r thi g hich c ul , b ttl c ul ” en e e on e a n T he e ense of ee n the giv xc pt a l vel pl i . xp k pi g b a nd togeth er upon which the C ondotti ere depended for hi s en a e en s and e e o e for hi s n wa s ons de a e g g m t , th r f r livi g, c i r bl ,

In 1 8 the o en nes and goes far to expl a i n th eir rap acity. 3 7 Fl r ti requested Pa ndolfo M a l atesta to desi st from depredations on the n n a H a cou try rou d Perugi . e repli ed th at he h d spent more than ﬁori ns i n getti ng hi s peopl e togeth er and th at he could not exi st without maki ng r aids— and many of th n e C o dotti eri were i n a simil ar positi on. T he Condotti ere therefore naturally took a s much c a re as

oss e his e ens e s o - in- ade hi s so d e s a nd the p ibl Of xp iv t ck tr , l i r , a rt of war gradua lly b ecame a system of manoeuvri ng for positi on and a m atter of taking pri soners ; and M a chi avelli caustica lly says tha t for more th a n 5 0 yea rs they wa rred i n s a anne a men we e not s a e ed es e e not uch m r th t r l ught r , citi w r sa e a n n edom not e o e W a s e an o d d s d s d. ck , pri c tr y r b g with ut ea we e a ed on o dan e a nd ended w o f r, r c rri with ut g r ith ut a T h n d mage . e adve t of the French a nd Swi ss with their h abit of killing outright as many opponents a s possibl e was a n n ea san s se to the a ans a nd e e wa s u pl t urpri It li , th ir cru lty ex ecrated by those who had not objected to the sufferi ngs of ens a nd o n o nﬂ ed the so d e s of w ose citiz c u try f lk i ict by l i r , h n T he an e to e n ed i n lives they were so te der . d g r lif i curr war ha d b een slight whil e the Condotti ere was i n a sub ordi nate os on but the a se was uit e d e en w en he e a e p iti . c q iff r t h b c m xii PR E FA C E

eade of a ons de a e oo or a a n- ene al of a S a e l r c i r bl tr p c pt i g r t t . He th en b ecame the mark for i ntrigues ; hi s ﬁ delity was tri ed in a n way s and i n so e a ses es a e to a a m y , m c if brib f il d ttr ct him the dagger of the a ssassin or the po i soned draught were used to remove the ob st acl e which he formed to the un s crupul ous ambiti ons of some pri nce of the world or of the C r to e ea e s a e n An w be s o e . d e e as hu ch , th ir gr t r h m it p k th r a corresponding danger to those who remai ned fa ithful and ’ e e ed the ene s o e es in the s s on w e r j ct my v rtur , u pici hich f ll upon them when it b ecame known th at they were in com muni c ti n h T a s a a o with t e other side . h t thi pe ril w s very real the ases of Colleoni C a a no a and an o e s s o c , rm g l , m y th r h w, a nd it may perh aps be tak en as a p arti a l ex pl a nati on of the s n n n It wa s udde ch a ges of fro t which were not i nfrequent . often a ctua lly safer for a C ondottiere to be treacherous and ’ a e the ene s offe an to e a n a and of o se cc pt my r th r m i f ithful , c ur t he higher term s which had to be offered to deta ch him were r egarded a s t he b asi s Of va lue when the next contr a ct was

nde ons de a on no a e o was on ded. u r c i r ti , m tt r with wh m it c clu T e e we e C on o e ose ood a was o e a h r r d tti ri wh g f ith pr v rbi l , but e e e few i n n e a nd one ma s ose a e th y w r umb r , y upp th t th y n fﬁ t n e s ness s ess fou d it as di cult o co duct th ir bu i ucc fully.

a nd be e e ones a s o e a men do now. p rf ctly h t, c mm rci l S undo T he numb er ofmercena ri es in It a ly was very l arge . a es of ose nde a s i n 1 we ea n giv a li st th u r rm 4 3 9 . by which l r a e e e e o se d ded nde 1 0 C ondo e th t th r w r h r , ivi u r 7 tti ri ; s i not n de ose nde the D e of Sa o the but thi d d i clu th u r uk v y,

a ses of Sa o a n Monferrat or the C o nes of M rqui luzz d , mmu L a enoa and Pe a and of o se the oo so d e s ucc , G , rugi ; c ur f t l i r were a l so not counted . I h ave thought that the doi ngs of some of th ese great men n e e t o an i n s esen day i n w c woul d be Of i t r st m y thi pr t , hi h eeds th ere i s so littl e Oppo rtunity for roma nce a nd mighty d . a nd h ave sel ected my fa ct s r ath er with the object of givi ng a n idea Of the picturesqu enes s and stra ngeness o f the co nditi ons PR E FA C E a n

a nd s o nd n s a ds w e ed and w the urr u i g mi t hich th y liv , ith endea o to e the a a e s of the men e se es v ur xhibit ch r ct r th m lv , th an with the i ntenti on of Offeri ng compl ete bi ogr aphi es or T he a o es o owe a hi story of the times . uth riti f ll d h ave been : ’ E o e R i cotti s S o a de e o a n e di en a i n I a a rc l t ri ll c mp g i V tur t li , ’ ’ r Bi raﬁ i a an Ven e de U F ab etti s og e de C pit i turi ri ll mbri a . ’ a s Fa ci no C ane e le e e e o— e ne T he G lli gu rr Gu lf Ghib lli , ’ on e of G ataro o s A e o a nd o a nn da Bar chr icl , Gi rgi lb ric Gi v i ’ ’ ’ a no Leade and Marcotti s Si r o n H aw wood Batti st ella s bi , r ! h k , ’ Il C on e C a a no a Berlan s Il C on e a n es o di C ar t rm g l , t Fr c c ’ ’ ma nola Pao o Gi ovio s V a di S o a R atti s De a a a g , l it f rz , ll F migli ’ ’ S o a Bo-no s S o a di C o no a Simonet a s Sforti a de f rz , li t ri tig l , , ’ Campa nus s Vite di Bra cci o Fortebra cci o e di N icol o Pic ’ ci nino T he a s E roli s E a s o a a e a a da N arn , M rqui r m G tt m l t i , ’ S i no s Is o a de a a di Ba o o eo C o one C e es no p t ri ll Vit rt l mm gli , l ti ’ ’ ll ni Is o a ad a a di Ber omo T assi s es C o eo s t ri qu rip rtit g , liv Of ‘ ’ ’ Be a a-s Locatelli s Ic ono raﬁ a I a ana illustrious rg m chi , z g t li , ’ B n n s e of Ba to o eo Colleoni Ves as ano Oscar row i g lif r l mm , p i ’ n del X V D nn da Bi sti cci s Vite di uomi i illustri Secol o . e i s ’ toun s M emoirs of the Duk es of Urbino, Ugoli ni s Stori a ’ ’ n e d d Urbino Yri arte s Um C ondo e e a u dei co ti uchi , tti r

me ’ XV e e Co n Batta lini s e of S s ond a a es a Si cl , u t g lif igi m M l t t

n a on Basini us a nd Ar es i n the A o in hi s comme t ry , ticl rchivi n Is a a Ghi ron Atti li Porti oli A . ed , Storico Lomb a rdo by i , o , M i l o n e and Dami a no Muoni i n the Archivi o Storico per e pr vi ci

ne Da n e e Gi am etro a nd i n the A o S o i o N a pol eta by i l p , rchivi t r c n W e an of ese Itali ano by Gui seppe C anestri i . hil m y th n s o ans the ne essa y authors are rath er panegy ri sts th a hi t ri , c r en o e overl a pping of the vari ous lives will to some ext t c rr ct ’ i n n s of the over - estimati on of ea ch writer s hero by g vi g hi t ded ose w ose i e In e es the way i n which he wa s regar by th h ch f t r t a s was i n hi s riv l . mv PR E FA C E which they gave the impul se ; which I thought woul d be more i nteresting th an my fa nci es of how they b ore th emselves i n n a I a e court or camp . I may conclude by sayi g th t h v a o for e e s a e en a de in the oo and a the uth rity v ry t t m t m b k , th t titl e i s as a ccurately des criptive of the contents as ma y W HAT WAS A C ON D OT TI E RE !

o eans era one who ea s or on s THE w rd m lit lly l d c duct , its se on a ea n n i s a a a n a nd i s i n a but c d ry m i g c pt i , it th t sense th a t it was applie d to the lea ders Of the b a nd s of m ercena ry s oldi ers with wh ose d oing s thi s b ook i s con e n T h e c r ed . he C ond ottiere took servic e with t e rul r or rulers of a st at e und er ce rt a i n speciﬁe d conditi ons and for a s e fe e e e he wa s the ea e of a p ci i d tim , wh th r l d r sm a ll b and Of men or ha d a l a rge a rmy (a s a rmi es went a n h n ese e ena es in th ose d ys) u der i s c omm a d . Th m rc ri e n to a ea in the o se the 1 en a nd b gi pp r c ur Of 3th c tury , i n the e a rly yea rs of the 1 4th th ey were employed ene a o o e e n e the o e s g r lly thr ugh ut It a ly . Th ey w r u d r rd r of ~ the P od esta or C a pt a i n of the P eople in the free e wh w T he s o a s not a na e o a n a an. citi , tiv th ugh It li a a a e ne o a o s a ses a nd militi gr du lly d cli d fr m v ri u c u , by the middle of the 1 4th century the republics no longer e e a s e e o e s e s de r quir d milit ry rvic fr m th ir ubj ct . but en e n o e na In o en e s oo p d d e tirely up n m rce ri es . Fl r c thi t k I O T HE C O N DO T TI E RI pl a ce in 1 3 5 1 a nd certa in citiz ens were th en ele cted with ” the titles of a mb a s ci a t ori a nd consegnatori to enrol th e m . B efore ente ring the servi ce the m ercena rie s s wore to be a to the n e or e to o to i f ithful pri c , r public , g f ght e e e e e e o a n e to se e the o wh r v r th y w r c mm d d, Ob rv c n ” ditions the on o a or en a e en to e the Of c d tt g g m t , Ob y

a ai n- ene a a nd to e ea a n ons a es c pt g r l , r v l y c pir ci which

to . e might com e th ir knowledge . Th ey took se rvice i n ' “ ” ee a nne s either in ass a o a so e a thr m r , m f rm di ci t a s “ e sa or in s a e s a ons n e a s a n a a th y id , m ll r qu dr u d r t d rd an e e a s it wa s a e or in s s a e o b di r c ll d , till m ll r gr up s a ” T h dra elli a s . e o e o e the on o e e p , by ﬂ g m r p w rful C d tti r , and the eate the nee of the e er the a a n gr r d him , b tt b rg i n he wa s a ble to drive . G e era lly a s soon a s the b a rga in wa s c onclude d he re ceived a sum of m oney und er the ” na e of es o a e se es for it a nd o n m pr t , g v curiti b u d him e self to d educt from it the pay m onth by month . Th n he with a ll hi s men p a ssed ' the a rm ed mus t er before the “ e es of the conse natori who e s e e a nd a e y g , r gi t r d v lu d men o ses a s a nd a ness e s n a ll e e , h r , rm h r , r fu i g which w r e a e not in a ccord a nce with the contra ct . They w re c r ful not to a e t an en or s e os of a ll an cc p y citiz ubj ct , m t if “ ” e e a n o s e a on s n e ese o s xil , Obvi u pr c uti , i c th fu ru citi ’ e a t e o on of the ene s o es Often form ed a v ry c iv p rti my f rc , and would na tura lly go with the lead er if and wh en he an e s es e e o not be a o e to e n ch g d id , whil th y c uld ll w d r tur with out the ce rt ainty Of tumult s a nd conspira cies to up set es s e a on a or o e s . o e the ruling p w r S m tim , by p ci l c tr ct

e n n s of the n e the on o e e wa s not th ki d e s pri c , C d tti r be esen at the s e wa s ns e obliged to pr t mu t r, but i crib d ” i n the consegna or d escription ; som etime s he wa s ot a nd s a ene in the a se of the excu sed from b h , thi h pp d c “ ” l a rge a nd imp orta nt engagement s a form a di societa. T HE CON D OT TI ERI 1 7

T he a rm our required va ried a ccording to the gra de a nd the so Of s e o 1 rt oldi r . Ab ut 380 the m ercena ry h orsem en e e s n s e a s so e s or n w r di ti gui h d Militi ldi r , k ights , ” a e s of one or two o ses Un heri n a a ns rch r , h r , g , Hu g ri , ” n es n s and an e an es T h I gl i , E gli h , l ci , l c . e L a nci a wa s the m ost hea vily a rm ed a nd ea ch compri s ed three ” men the a o di a n i a the a o a n of s e , c p l c , pi tt , ki d quir ,

a nd a a e h two o ses a nd a a - o se For p g , wit h r p ck h r .

e e ten a n es a o o a wa s e e for ea ens v ry l c c rp r l r quir d, ch ign a e or a e or a a e on a et e or ba trump t , pip , pl y r k tl drum g “ T he f h es . a o o t e o se s s pip rm ur militi c mpri d pur , ea es e e s a ss s ee es a nd o e s of on gr v , thigh pi c , cuir , l v gl v ir , ' so e s oat o e a s net or e et s e a n e ldi r c , g rg t , b ci h lm , hi ld , l c T he n es a h ennon n e and s o . e wit p , k if w rd I gl i c rri d

ess e t o f armour . the Un heri a nd archers s l w igh , g . till T n n a d a a nd a e o ses two ess . he a a s h s l Hu g ri m ll ctiv h r , for ea o sema n a on s o a on bow i n the ch h r , l g w rd, l g , use of which th ey were very expe rt ; a h elmet on the

ea a nd a e n of ea e u On a s ea s en h d , j rki l th r, p which y r w t o e and o e of the sa e a e a by th ey sewed m r m r m m t ri l , i n the n l e a e a e stron cuirass . e s e u ti it b c m v ry g _ Th y l pt

a e for o en e n e s op en air with a s ddl pill w dur d hu g r, thir t , a nd incredible fa tigue ; and refresh ed th em selves a fter t o e e es e h a e a l ong ride wi h p wd r d ﬂ h mix d wit w t r, much e like the Hunga ri ans of four centuries ea rlier . Th y to that time the a es con a ppea r ab out I 3 50. Up rmi ” T he a e wa s si sted only Of militi or b a rbute . b rbut

a ho a es a a or o e a defence for the h e d wit ut cr t , c m il , th r ee e e a o ne the on a nd the a dditi on. A ch k pi c d r d fr t , ” nd to na me of b a rbut a wa s given to the a rmour a had s e a s and . e the man who wore it . Th y impl r rm n the a nd had e n e sm a ller horses th a militi , b hi d th m e n e a e a en a n t a a , only one serge t , rm d tt d t , wi h p lfr y ma n— at — a s so they stood b etween the hea vily a rm ed rm , 1 8 TH E CO ND OT TI ER I

o o e ee or o o ses a nd the n a an f ll w d by thr f ur h r Hu g ri .

T he an e an es a o of ee e e not no n l ci , l c , gr up thr , w r k w T h oss in I t a ly u ntil the E ngli sh comp anie s a rrived . e cr

o en on oo had to n a ass a ea e e b wm f t bri g cuir , h d pi c ,

n e o s — bow o a nd e T h o o s s . e t e o k if , cr , b lt , quiv r h r f t i soldiers onl ha d a ea e e s o n e s e and y h d pi c , w rd , k if , hi ld T h ” an e . e on es a or ea s of s a on of l c c t t bili , h d qu dr , 20 to 0 men a e to ese a s the a ss up 5 , dd d th rm cuir hi i or bre a stpl a t e a nd bra cc al or s leev es of m a il . I t wa s the duty of cont es ta bili to h av e a w a rh orse of the v a lue of at l ea s t 50 fiorins a nd a p a lfrey worth 20 ; for the o na so e s a o se of 0 fiorins wa s eno rdi ry ldi r h r 3 ugh , a nd so et es one of ess a e wa s a ssed en m im l v lu p , but th e os a fiorin n h e o e a n th y l t a m o t of their pay . B f r y o se wa s a e e was e a ne the a e en h r cc pt d it x mi d by f rri r, th it wa s d es crib ed by skin a nd m ark a nd wa s brand ed — A on with a red hot iron. s so a s the C ond ottiere had

a sse the s e and the onse na or a s e sa p d mu t r c g , th y id ” ’ had s o s ne he e e e the s on s a critt , ig d , r c iv d ﬁr t m th p y and en e He who o an e 2 o se t ered int o servic . c mm d d 5 h r or o e e e e the a of he who o a n e 20 m r r c iv d p y 5 , c mm d d

the a of a nd for a ess n e a of two on . p y 4 , l umb r th t ly B eyond thi s the h ea d of the comp any had a considerabl e ”

- sum the na e of a o re e nen a or o s one . by m pi tt , p mi z pr vi i ” T he on a t was a e e a and a s e for a e c tr c c ll d f rm , l t d fix d n T h e a n s e the umb er of m onth s or d ays . e f rm fi i h d a s e o o en e a n n er a n the p tt c mm c d , i t v l withi which prince had the right of obliging the C ond otti ere to fight fo so e on e n e th sa e n ons en r me tim l g r u d r e m co diti . Wh the a s e o wa s o e he wa s a o e to o a a p tt v r ll w d g w y , but he wa s not to fight a gains t the prince for two y ea rs his o a n nor wa s he to ass to the se e of with c mp y, p rvic i ese e a a ny Open enemy of h s for six m onth s . Th r gul ons i s nee ess to s a e e en o en ti , it dl y , w r Oft br k , with

20 T H E CO N D O T TI E RI c ould di s mi s s a ll men and h orses which th ey thought n t in a se the a a n wa s o e not on to u ﬁ , which c c pt i blig d ly repl a ce th em but to p ay for ea ch h orse so repl a ced 30 so for ea o se a n 20 so a nd for ea oo a n ldi , ch h r m ldi , ch f tm T he e 1 0. w ar and tea r of war in h orses might be e a e but it had to be ea o e w r p ir d , cl rly pr v d tha t it as oss in wa r a nd the so e ha d to rehor l , ldi r se him self within T h t o a w 8 a s. e a s ost o or d y right p y l by furl ugh , by

e n in son for o e t a n two on s or he b i g pri m r h m th , by t soldier swearing to the enemy to ﬁght no m ore in th a t w T o ose e ena es who s e to t ar. th m rc ri wi h d reurn h om e beyond the Alp s or a cross the sea lea ve c ould not be e se but e o e set n out e had t o s ea to r fu d , b f r ti g th y w r T n n ea o . he e a s e e a so e a a d a s the r lly g r w rd w r l p cu i ry, A he a se e n ea se so the e o ense. s to t rvic i cr d did r c mp p y , the use wa s thi s : if in b attle m ore th an 200 h orse w ere di scomﬁted a nd the ost e a e a ne the so e s h il c mp r t i d , ldi r had the right to d ouble pay a nd the a rm our of the ene t en the o e s o s sone s da my, but h m r illu tri u pri r ” ta a to a nso a s e a e e e on e to the gli , r m , th y c ll d th m , b l g d prince ; if they k ept the pri soners th ey lost the right

T h s e so e s e e set at e . to d ouble pay . e impl ldi r w r lib rty o a es and a ll the n a ant s of a n a e a en All m v bl , i h bit y pl c t k

a ssa t e a e the o e of the on e n sol by ul , b c m pr p rty c qu ri g e s the a e a a e e had on he di r , but if pl c c pitul t d th y ly t ir e a e sone a n o a or cu stom a ry pay . If th y m d pri r utl w , to the ate or the a a n of wa r of the ene tra it or St , c pt i my, to the n e who th ey were obliged to give him up pri c , ” e e wa s 1 00 s a e for p a id th e m a ﬁx d pric , which m ll lir n 200 for a o se a n a nd 200 o ms for a a footm a , h r m , ﬁ ri

noble .

- n e the o e a who A c a pt ain genera l comm a d d wh l rmy, e or s a e a n a a n e . a a wa s u su ally It li , hir d with l rg r m ll r o ssa es and the comp any of foot and h or semen. C mmi ri TH E CON DOTTI ERI

Ofﬁcia l s of condott a rule d the council s a nd p resided o e the a n st a on of the a v r dmi i r ti c mp . Sometimes the more powerful C ondottieri were a llowed by th eir con

tra ct to be only answ era bl e to the c apt a i n- gene r a l ' sometimes folly wa s pu sh ed to the p oint of a llowing e an e a a o h a a s um th m qu l uth rity wit him , but lw y with It w fortuna te result s . a s more frequently conceded to e to a e ei own a on of o an a nd ennon th m h v th r b t . c mm d p , and to e e e own o a s a e a s a s a es l ct th ir fﬁci l , c ll d m r h l , m r ” ci alh and to e the s es and o e f e en es , judg di put th r di f r c n wn i a ose a o e o so e s e e o e. which r m g th ir ldi r , xc pt h m cid

B efore ent ering on an expedition the ca pt a in- genera l re ceived the baton a nd ensigns of comm and from the h and of the n e in the s of a ll the eo e of the pri c ight p pl , a i s a es a nd of the e h ea o a m g tr t cl rgy, wit gr t p mp, mid t f f i he sound o bells a nd o a rt llery. T he enga gem ent s of a C ondotti ere w ere of three ” n s : a so o s eso a en he fo r - ht a t e ki d ld di t , full p y , wh g c iv ly with a given number of h orse and foot under the com ” a n of the a a n— ene a a e o so o a a m d c pt i g r l ; m zz ld , h lf p y , wh en with out b eing obliged to pa ss the m ostra or revi ew hi s comp any fought a t hi s c onvenience in the “ o n r to i he wa s sent a nd in a s e o en c u t y wh ch ; p tt , wh for a s ma ll p aym ent the prince reta ined hi s c omp any in r s a st for o s of a s es wa s ene a ca se of wa . Thi l l rd c tl g r lly an e nto a o e o a e s n e the n e not on ch g d i pr t ct r t , i c pri c ly engaged to give a certa in provi sion in pea ce a nd a

eate in e of war e en e hi s o e on o e gr r tim , but xt d d pr t cti v r

the doma in. T w a an a es s an o ese sa es— s the o dv t g pr g fr m th u g Fir t , I ta li an C ondotti eri being a lmost a b solut e m a st ers of veteran a nd a ttach ed s oldie rs were a ble ea sily to intro

e o e en s the o e n a a ns ha d duc , impr v m t which f r ig c pt i v a inly tri ed to get th eir tra nsitory b and s to a ccept— for 2 2 T H E C O N D OT TI E RI

ns an e Albe . i c o da a a no a e the ee e e i t c , B rbi dd d ch k pi c to the helmet s of men- at - a rm s a nd furni sh e d the coll a r a o a so o e i n the a o s es on with g rget , l c v r g w rh r with l g ” o e e a o a e a e ea e to the pr t ctiv rm ur c ll d b rd , which r ch d

nee a e of e a nd a n e ea e a s e a s k , m d gild d p i t d l th r , w ll garni shing the foreh ea d with a s h a rp iron spik e— which ga ve the I t a li ans the superiority which the G e rm a ns ha d n the n had e o s . e o a a s e e o e pr vi u ly S c dly, It li w r m r ana ea e a nd e e o e the a rt of war w s o e m g bl , th r f r a m r

s e ss a se e . a oo et e he ucc fully pr cti d by th m H wkw d , wh h r i s c a lled the l a st of the foreign or the ﬁrst of the It a li an

on o e wa s the s to o ne the t a s ons C d tti ri , ﬁr t c mbi mili ry divi i

In. the ta an o a n es th n with s cience . I li c mp i e comm a d e a e e e a so a s e a e es b c m h r dit ry, th t ﬁr t th y cquir d rich , en h es o e and at a s had the a on to th wit rich p w r, l t mbiti procure th em selves a princip a lity and found a fa mily a s a o o n no wa s the as Francesco Sforz a did . J c p Picci i l t f the ea on o e who e to do s a nd o gr t C d tti ri tri d thi ,

l a oo e on n e es e n ee on hi s a l It ly l k d with i t r t , b tti g fr ly up T he s ns a n e of a ch ances of success or fa ilure. ﬁr t i t c C ondottie re ga ining a lord ship wa s th a t of Sir J oh n na a a o i n a oo to o e o . a e a H wkw d , wh m G r g ry X I g v B g c v ll 1 39 3 . As an ex a mple of the c onditions unde r which the Con dotti eri t ook service the contra ct between G att a mel a t a a nd C ount Brandolini a nd the R epublic of V enice may o en es s : a a e a a a nd be qu oted . It c mm c thu G tt m l t C ount Brandoﬁni a re C ond ottieri of 400 l a nces with three

e to ea a n e a s i s the s o a nd a so 00 hors s ch l c , cu t m , l with 4 And a e six on s e s a a e 0 a n e s footmen. ft r m th th y h ll h v 5 l c For ea a n e e m ore for th eir two sons und er th e m . ch l c th y For the oo en e a re to a e a re to h av e 60 duc a t s . f tm th y h v e on s e a s much a s i s u sua l in new cond otti . B y d thi th y e se es a s and e on a a re to h a ve for th m lv duc t . b y d th t ‘ rIIE CO N DOTT I E R I 23 the part of the duca t s adv anced to the P ope for But e s e for s one a nd for th eir hire . th y mu t giv thi m y the O se a n e of e a a a n ees e e e b rv c th ir f ith , gu r t , which r c iv d , th th o n en he ne e D oge and e G v er m t will provid e t m o y . And for the a foresa id 50 l ances for th eir sons in six ’ ont s e at the i e a nd a e e s a a e the m h tim , t m pl c th y h ll h v

i a for n w on o As se for hire which s u su l e c d tti . curity the a s a nd for the es e a ss n a s e duc t r t , th y ig C t l Fra nco in Emil ia t o th em until the P op e ha s sa ti sﬁed the D oge a nd the Venetian domi nion with the sa id a t to ea e 1 00 of he s e c. e e e a o e t duc t , Th y w r ll w d l v

oo so e s a s a s and a Wa s not eno e en f t ldi r gu rd , if th t ugh v a no e 1 00 a t the e ense of the ene a ns and the th r xp V ti , D oge promi sed to int ercede with the P ope t o h a nd over in exch a nge for C a st el Fra nc o one or m ore pl aces b etter s e f n n n on th PO or e e e. e a e e uit d d f c Wh w rri g b y d ,

e e e to a e 1 2 u a s for ea an e a s the o e s th y w r h v d c t ch l c , th r e the e i had in the es an e o de hir d by r publ c Br ci t rrit ry, ” n the ono a n a i a co as is s o a a ducti g r z d S . M r cu t m ry ( sm a ll tribut e to the republic) . In c a se of fami ne a ny wh ere the s tipend wa s to be i ncrea sed or food furni sh ed a a ea sona e e en a e en wa s for a ea t r bl price. Th ir g g m t y r a no e di s e o a nd e e e to esen e with th r ri p tt , th y w r pr t th ir me n as en a s e e a n 1 2 a s for ea ma n Oft r quir d , h vi g duc t ch a enrolled during the ﬁrs t m onth . Th ey w ere to h ve h alf e pay until the m oney a dv a nced ha d b een rep a id . Th y were to go togeth er or sep a ra te ly to ﬁght wh ere th ey were o e e a nd t be se a a e a t the of the o e rd r d , migh p r t d will D g or h n As for the oo — the s o s e e to is e voys . b ty cu t m w r r th sone s a nd o e be preci sely Ob served . As fo e pri r m v a es all e e to be e s ex e the es an s a s es bl w r th ir c pt citi , l d , c tl , s on o esses and e ni ons : e n n n es , tr g f rtr , th ir mu ti r ig i g pri c e sons a nd o e s e e s and a o s e e to be th ir br th r , r b l tr it r w r T he a a ns and o e Con given up to the D oge . c pt i th r 24 T HE C O N D OT T I E RI dotti eri b ea ring b a st one di c om ando who might be m ade pri sone rs th ey had t o gi ve up at h a lf ra nsom if the e and no s e D og Sig ry wi h d it . NO h orse of a ny kind or ma n could be present ed more th an once and under one t s w l ance . If hi rul e a s tra nsgres sed th ey lost the p ay for

and - he wa s ne e to be i n ene an se e a nd a him , v r V ti rvic , simil a r pena lty wa s imposed on a ma n or horse ' lent for th n T he a a ns a nd men e e occasio . c pt i w er mutu a lly re ’ i h n spons bl e for ea ch ot er s pay . N o e could be su ed for exis ting debts while th ey were i n the service of the re nor for a on a e the on a n t Cea se . o e public, m th ft r c tr c d N of the men w ere to be put unde r anoth er C ondottiere for n a a in he ene a n m ore th an a m o th . I f they did d m ge t V ti t e rrit ory a nd a cl a im wa s m ade by the ruler who had s on e e e e e to be s one to a ea juri dicti th r , th y w r umm d pp r n 1 a s h e a e to do the a a e withi 5 d y , whic if th y f il d , d m g wa s ch a rged to th eir a ccount a nd d educt ed from their ﬁrst wa s not so e e no e a o be pay . If it d duct d furth r cl im c uld T wo on s e o e the e i a i on of the ﬁrma m a de . m th b f r xp r t e or so e one on e a o nt e e to a ea e o e th y , m th ir cc u w r pp r b f r t the D oge t o know wh eth er they wi sh ed o ret a in th em . If nothing wa s sa id it wa s underst ood th a t th ey w e re re ” n engaged for the pe ri od of the ri sp etto . I f th ey th e s a id th a t th ey wi sh ed it to cease th ey might send

' two of their compa nions or th eir Ch a ncellor with eight n h orses to procure the di sch a rge without losi g th eir pay .

' I f th ere was in the c omp a ny a ny outla w for homicid e or t e not a e e or a o he ass ee h ft , if r b l tr it r might p fr ly

through the pl a ces in which he had b een procl aimed . If o an e a ne e e he ha d to a e o n nea the c mp y r m i d th r h v l dgi g r . had the to n s but not in the pl a ce . Th ey right pu i h e men a s e ease for e s a e s s an a s th ir th y pl d th ft , qu rr l , c d l , e i n the a se of the ea ena wa s etc. e , xc pt c d th p lty, which reserved for the C apt a ins — G enera l or R ect ors of the T HE CON DOT TI ERI 2 5

e pla ces wh ere th ey might be . Th y were a llowed to re a n men to 0 a n es a s se a n s or o t i up 4 l c rv t b dy gu a rd . Th ey were a llowed 2 0 d ays to repla ce losses with out en the n e los i ng pay . Wh i sp ction was to t ak e pla ce it wa s to be notiﬁed to th em a s to the other genera l s of the a n one a en republic . If y h pp ed to be a b sent from the e e e e wa s no ﬁne to the n e of 1 0 o ses r vi w th r up umb r h r , nor did th ey lose pay if th ey presented th em selves a ft er If h wa rd s . th ey left t e service of the Veneti a ns with ei e ss on e be i n e to th r p rmi i , th y might d bt up a s o e n o ee e a a ns n a no e duc t with ut b i g pr c d d g i t , by givi g t i w e of h a nd to be p a id n t o m onth s . At the b ginning of a es e a on e o e the e a on of the one fr h t rm , m th b f r xpir ti Old , the a o n s e e to be a e a nd the on o e cc u t w r m d up , if C d tti ri e o t wer credit rs th ey were o be p a id in full . If th ey t ook ’ se rvice a ga in a m onth s pay wa s to be ret a ined in the ex

e e wa s no e o or a n— chequer . If th r R ct r C pt ai G enera l i n the a e e e e e e e had o e to a nt sa e pl c wh r th y w r , th y p w r gr f on s and e a nd e an e e to s ea t o be c duct , th y th ir b d w r w r

never a g a inst the - V eneti an Signory or th eir domini ons

for the period of the ﬁrma a nd for six m onth s a fter . As a n ex a mple of the peril s to which C ond otti eri were ’ e ose o e e o e s s s on and ea e xp d fr m th ir mpl y r u pici tr ch ry , to e e en e ha s een a e in the e a e the a e which r f r c b m d pr f c , f t of a o o i n no ma be e ose e i s not i n j c p P cci i y cit d , wh lif cluded a mong t h ose select ed for the purp oses of thi s H e a n es o o a en the e o . e se bo k rv d Fr c c Sf rz , th R public h e f o he of Mi an and the ene ans . e t e a e o l , V ti Aft r p c L di n a e o a na en oo se e onso of i v d d R m g , th t k rvic with Alf H a es a nd a e hi s ea hi s son er na n . e N pl , ft r d th with F di d on o t b etra ye d him for J ohn Of Anjou. C qu er r a Sa n a ano and di scomﬁt ed at o a be s se and con F bi , Tr j , urpri d e e ona a nd ea e wa s a e e na n by qu r d Sulm , p c m d with F rdi d H s Obt ainc d the m edi a ti on of Alessa ndro Sforz a . e thu 26 T HE CO N D OT TI E RI for him self an d hi s desc end a nt s the domi ni on of the con

e e a n s and e ame se a n to the n of a es qu r d l d , b c rv t Ki g N pl , who the e of an and the o e e e to a , with Duk Mil P p , w r p y him ﬁ orims of gold Simonet a put s his sa l ary at a s a nd s a s ha e na n I duc t , y t t F rdi d th ought th a t the ene wa s a n a nd not e e n on ons my dict ti g r c ivi g c diti , but ne ve rtheless agreed— h a ving no d oubt ma d e up hi s mind a s to a s o a en. ea a e e e e 1 wh t h uld h pp A tr ty d t d S pt mb r 7, 1 6 ha s een neart e in o e n es e 4 4 , b u h d m d r tim , wh reby Francesco Sforz a and F erdina nd of Aragon had settled the d ea th O f- Piccinino a s ne cessa ry to the sa fety of th eir s a es a nd e e seems t o be e o a the o e t t , th r littl d ubt th t P p wa s i t n n pr vy o it . Picci i o h ea rd th a t the King wa s likely

to a a the men who had a ss s e o n of n o u a nd tt ck i t d J h A j , wrot e t o Fra nces co Sforz a th at he wa s coming to vi sit

in a n a nd a n e a oo so e t o e ona him Mil , w t d g d ldi r rul Sulm a n hi s a in hi en T he sen T d s qu drons s a b s ce. duk e t om

a so e a and he set out for an a a of m T b ldi , Mil with gu rd ono of 200 n s e e he wa s ar e to r s ana h ur k ight , wh r m ri d D u i , the na tura l d a ught er of the man who had a rra nged hi s d ea th with cynica l di s rega rd of the feelings of hi s own es a nd oo who had een o se to 6 ea s ﬂ h bl d , b pr mi d him I y r f r He ha d a s o o a s o he . b efore. duc t g ld d wry with e na n n e to e n to a es a nd he set out F rdi d i vit d him r tur N pl , to o e e ne t s n hi s e a nd e o s e a g th r x pri g with wif Pi tr Pu t rl , the a a ssa o of the e of a n a n e e t o mb d r Duk Mil , rrivi g th r H a e os a o a a s the end of ne 1 6 . e a w rd Ju , 4 5 m d lm t r y l o ess so e n e e e ono in a n pr gr uth , b i g r c iv d with h ur m y T he n a es es e a en he ea e a es . pl c , p ci lly wh r ch d N pl Ki g

a o s e the a es to ee a nd sse a nd em c m e ut id g t m t him , ki d He was ea e e o Of the bra ce d him kindly . cr t d Vic r y o a n a nn a s en of a s a nd he Abruzz with u l tip d duc t , a e in e the on a o of a o a sso ona g v him f ud C t d C mp b , Sulm ,

a a a n o a n o a n a a a a na G a C r m ic , Bucchi ic , Fr c vill , Vill m g , u r

2 8 T HE CO N D OT TI E RI

a n hi s e ea se he not ar i e a e hi s Obt i r l , but did r v till ft r h H to d hi s a e ea . e a so s e o a at ena d t l pp d ught r, Ipp lit , Si for two ont s who wa s on her wa to be a r e to m h , y m r i d ’ e nan s s on ea r n a a o n he F rdi d , f i g th t It ly w uld thi k ” ha d sen n no to the t e or o the ane t Picci i bu ch r, but C i , p t f ri s of the o se o o a a ts hi s o . gy h u Sf rz , dmi c mplicity he e a re two e e s in the a nt an a es one in the T r l tt r M u rchiv , ’ e s own an r n on a to s o ex ostulat duk h dw iti g, c tr ry cu t m , p ing with the ! ing on the infamou s a ct which he i s com n and the o e the e of the n s e mitti g, th r, r ply Ki g, publi h d

i one a a s a on a e n ea er a nd con by S m tt , ju tiﬁc ti , ll gi g tr ch y s ira c a a ns n no the na es of the e sons p y g i t Picci i , with m p r w SO a e wa s o a o he a s in e a on etc . with wh m r l ti , c r ful Sf rz to o st in the e es of all a nd e hi s a t in the thr w du y , hid p r judici a l murder . A few w ord s on the v a lu e of m oney in th ose d a y s com

— A a n n s a the p a red with modern times . Orl di i a ys th t a of o the e n a ea s s i n 1 2 8 n e duc t g ld ( z cchi ) pp r fir t 4 , u d r T h w n no o n o e o a nn an o o. e a a s e D g Gi v i D d l lir th c i , but “ ” ” a sum of 20 os s a e a so so os s . s gr i , c ll d l ldi gr i Thi lira goes b ack to the tim e of Pietro Orseolo (9 76 In 1 the a t wa s o e a no na a e be 44 3 duc w rth 5 lir , mi l v lu , c au se the coin duca t wa s w o rth 5 lire 8 soldi ; i n 1 44 6 it wa s ort 6 e so and s a e was e a la w w h lir 4 ldi , thi v lu fix d by of a l th 1 2 ese e t a no na a e M rch g , 47 , which pr rv d h t mi l v lu till the fall of the republic ; the silv er duca t s of M anin ea n the n e 1 2 at i s to sa 1 2 so a o b ri g umb r 4 , th y 4 ldi , lth ugh T h t f th ey were th en worth 8 lire or 1 40 soldi . e duca o o wa s a t s on o 2 e in a o 1 0 g ld which fir t ly w rth lir , b ut 5 ea s wa s o o e an wa s e one at 2 1 a t the y r w rth m r th 5 , r ck d i w a of the e a nd n 1 8 a s o 2 . f ll r public , 75 , w rth 4 ” silver to a lira . T he a the e n and the o o n e e ofth duc t , z cchi , g ld fl ri w r e

In - wa sa e a e and e e 1 a ns. 1 s m v lu , w igh d 9 gr i 433 5 it T HE CON DOTTI E R I 29

o o o n n and a a a o e o o n no o es w rth 39 b l g i i h lf , c pp r b l g i c rr

T he o en o n f - ponding to a sold o. g ld fl ri o 1 4 54 8 wa s o 6 o o n n a nd s se en e a e o t s w rth 5 b l g i i , ub qu tly b c m w r h till T he o o n no of o e of 1 wa s m or e . b l g i c pp r 434 w orth a bout ” 7 or 8 centesimi . T he anese e a i a wa s e a no e a e Mil imp ri l l r quit th r m tt r, and in 1 455 wa s equ a l to 46 francs 40 c entimes of m od ern money . ’ Frederi c of Urbino s sa l a ry wa s at one tim e f n o m a o ﬂorins duc at s o te ﬂ ri s e ch . g ld were equ a l to franc s of modern m oney . “ ” In 1 868 the gigliat o or zecchin in Tu s ca ny wa s 6 o 8 n 1 0d. n . o 1 e s e a e a to 85 . s w rth 3 lir ldi d ri , qu l E gli h In the a a ta es the se n wa s o 2 2 ao e a P p l S t qui w rth p li , qu l

2 . T h w 2 n to 5 . n e s o s o 3 . d. a d 9 d E gli sh . cud a w rth 4 “ ”

I . the ﬁorino I s . %d T he purch a sing pow er of m oney ha s to be t a k en i nto a o nt in a a in the a e the a n en o ns a nd cc u c lcul t g v lu Of ci t c i , i s In e e this v a ried very much n succe sive yea rs . Fr d ric Of ’ Urbino s tim e a sa ck of corn could be bought in the for a e ess t an o e n i e a nd 2 2 a ons duchy r th r l h 5 m d r l r , g ll of ne for 1 a 60 entes but e o in hi s s o of wi lir c imi , P c ri hi t ry San e nano es a s of es e b the c om G mig , giv li t pric ﬁx d y mune i n cert a in yea rs which show gre at v a ri a tion : in 1 226 the price of a sa ck of corn wa s 6 fra ncs 1 5 centim es of o e n one in 1 8 had o e to an s 1 m d r m y, 3 5 it dr pp d 4 fr c 3

en es i e in - 1 80 ha d sen to 8 f an s a nd in c tim , wh l 3 it ri r c ,

1 In 1 2 - 8 one o n of 407 to I I franc s 4 centim es. 74 5 p u d e e on was 1 n es ofo t e on on 8 w th r mutt 3 ce tim , h r mutt ly ,

‘ r of en es and of ho 1 in 1 2 2 - 2 hese es kid 5 c tim , g 5 3 7 t p ic had sen to en es for a o n of e e on ri 33 c tim p u d w th r mutt , 2 2 for o e on or a 8 for k id 1 8 for oa 2 2 th r mutt l mb , 3 , g t , for ho and 2 for a n t on i s n e es n g, 7 Apuli mu t (it i t r ti g to ﬁnd th at enough wa s used to m a k e it worth while to 30 T HE C ON D OT T I E RI

ﬁx an o fﬁci a l price so fa r a w a y) in 1 349 the prices were at e he a nd i n 1 e ha d a a n o e so e r h r hig r, 4 59 th y g i dr pp d m a — a o a nd e n 1 en es the o n wh t l mb , p rk , kid , b i g 5 c tim p u d,

i ‘ ox or s ee 1 0 ent es s n ea 1 a nd wether mu h p c im , ucki g v l 7, t 2 In 1 26 an ox os 0 an s n ton . n e ea s a e 3 4 c t 7 fr c , i y r l t r two o be o for a n s e in 1 1 e o c uld b ught 77 fr c , whil 37 th y c st 330 fra ncs 60 centim es ! In 1 300 a m ass wa s sa id for

on 1 an 0 en es a nd i n 1 2 88 the a e of a ly fr c 4 c tim , w g as e a son wa s 1 a n en e s of an a en e m t r m fr c 75 c tim , ppr tic 1 an 0 ent es a nd of a a o e 8 en es a fr c 4 c im , l b ur r, 7 c tim In 1 the a s e a son ha d an s 60 cen day . 459 m t r m 3 fr c t e s T he os of es a nd stone s a s a e o 8 im . c t til l b v ri d fr m

' '

an s en es - a nd 1 an s the in 1 2 to 2 fr c 5 c tim , 4 fr c 5 5 ,

an s 1 0 ent es in 1 2 88 a nd so in 1 1 . T he fr c c im , 4 5 ldi 3 4 a in 1 0 wa s o a n s 60 en es in 1 00 lir 3 7 w rth 4 fr c c tim , 4 , 3 i

an s 68 ent es a nd i n 1 6 2 an s 88 centimes . fr c c im , 4 4 fr c T h o en o n wa s o h a o t 1 an s in 1 1 and e g ld ﬁ ri w rt b u 5 fr c 37 , In or a o 1 i n 1 309 a b out 1 0 fra nc s 2 5 centim es. b ut 394 the int erest on m onies l ent rose to 72 per cent ! TH E CO MM UNAL M IL IT IA WHI CH PRE M A Y CE D E D TH E E RC E N R BAND S .

AT the tIme of the a ea e a nd durm the Lomb rd L gu , g ﬁght which the cities of It a ly su sta ined with B arb a ros sa

for en ea s or o e the na ona i a n ea se tw ty y r m r , ti l mil ti i cr d ea It n w t th . s o a a on a s s a e o e es be gr tly rg iz ti uit bl tim , ing form ed from the guild s or comp a nies of the city a nd s o n i n T he men e a s s o n . e e a urr u d g c u try w r rm d with cuir , axe and a e ene a e e e e few es and , d gg r, g r lly th r w r but pik

— In i an th st o an to cross bow s . M l e fir c mp y be formed was the o e a e a o e the o a n of ea S ci t d ll M rt , c mp y d th , bound by an oa th t o die ra th er th an fl ee from the Ger ee n e o s o n ee e to a the m ans . Thr hu dr d y uth v lu t r d gu rd ” a o o the s a n a and a n a e of the a c rr cci , t d rd r llyi g pl c rmy i h T he o e t es of the e a e o o e the n t e field . th r ci i L gu f ll w d e a e of a n a nd it s a o a n a on wa s x mpl M il , milit ry rg iz ti

imit ated with few ch anges by the citi e s of centra l It a ly . T he i a was e nto an s a a ns a nd mil ti divid d i b d , with c pt i ﬂ ags for ea ch qu a rt er of the City it wa s Often di stribut ed 3 2 T HE CO N DOT TI E RI

ar s es a nd a e s a s a t P sa a es a nd s ee s by p i h ch p l , i by g t tr t a s at Siena ; and i n Fl orence ea ch qu a rt er wa s divided nt 20 a nd a er a s n o 1 6 on n o a o s or a s . T he i , ft w rd i t g f l ﬂ g o n an s e e a so o a n e s he c u try b d w r l rg iz d imil arly . All t eo e e e ns e i n the o e e t the no es who p pl w r i crib d r ll xc p bl , In e e ene a e e . sa enoa a nd o en e w r g r lly xclud d Pi , G , Fl r c , the a e of a to se e was frOm 1 8 to 0 in a n g li bility rvic 7 , Mil 1 t o o n e e from 7 65 . Th se e roll d we re oblig d to exercise in a s on e a n a s a s o wa s i n use in rm c rt i d y , cu t m which T h o e R a venna from the 8th century . e ca v a lry nly form d one or two o an es e e e e o the c mp i , which w r r cruit d fr m In o en e the a a a e e the rich est citizens . Fl r c C v ll t w er “ b ody of h orse furnis h ed by the nobles a nd p opolo ” a sso the h e a n s a nd e e e e a so two gr , ric m rch t th r w r l

o es one of oss - o en a nd one of ea n a n b di , cr b wm h vy i f try ” who a e the a ese a a e s e e e e a a c rri d p v , l rg hi ld , c rv lli r , e et a nd a n e a ll the es e e a e light h lm , l c ; r t w r rm d with W a r wa s ons e e t o be the s word a nd l ance . c id r d duty

a n of the en a nd en wa s o e e a d right citiz , wh it v r th y l id

down th eir a rm s a nd returned to th eir u sua l occup a tions . o a n had its a ta n e ns n a nd In Pi sa ea ch c mp y c p i , ig , o n o s who e e e e e a t the so n of the c u cill r , w r l ct d publicly u d

e of the o ne a nd e e a n e e e six on s . b ll c mmu , w r ch g d v ry m th he T he c a pt a in of the p eopl e ha d to swea r not to a llow t

n t be s a n e and to ee e a nd comp a i es o di b d d , k p th m up In e of ea e the men e e even i ncrea se th em . tim p c w r

a nd in the use of a s a so in oss e xerci sed in running rm , l cr a so w o n the an e a nd the e a sa es a , bo sh o ti g , l c , v rg rd c rt e e e es e a s a nd of iron d a rt . Th y w r d crib d by ﬂ g r a e so a the n e of men c a ppe lle fo ea ch qu rt r, th t umb r T he or lia ble to b ea r a rm s might be ea sily a rriv e d a t . T he h 1 2 en . ga ni zation a ppea rs to d a te fro m t e th c tury ” a o o a n six o en— a o e Pi sans a l so ha d a c rr cci , dr w by x p l n the s a n a a rose in the mid s t of it from which hu g t d rd , T HE CON DOT TI ERI 3 3

white cross on a red ground on the top wa s a bell ca lled ” n n N ola . It o ly we t forth by decree of the C ouncil ene a or e en a a nd wa s a e 1 00 G r l di Cr d z ; gu rd d by , 5 of the a es o n men a e o ea to oo a n br v t y u g rm d fr m h d f t , d he c arrying h a lb erd s . All t c apt a ins of the comp anies o o e and wa s a o an e the a f f ll w d it , it cc mp i d with bl re o 8 e s a nd 8 es s e e a a e to to sa trump t , pri t w r tt ch d it y It s w h a ss . a e a s o e to t e a e s a ai ns m c r c mmitt d br v t c pt . Wh ere it stopped the c a mp of the grea t e r p a rt of the a wa s o e e e o n s of wa r e e e and rmy f rm d , th r c u cil w r h ld , w In th h n en om ju stice a s done . e 1 3th century t e a ci t c p ani es of Pi sa (including th ose of the country round) were a e a ll s o s Of et na es s a s the s o c ll d by rt pr ty m uch w rd , the ose the a n e the o e the the sea e the r , l c , vi l t , lily, bridg , new e the s a the e a on the oon the bridg , t g, imp ri l li , m , e a s an the oss of s ea the ea e the oss of . p r , gl , cr S S b ti , cr ” h n a e et es es ese s na . a t e o c. t S . Chri ti , S P ul . r u d t bl , B id h e e wa s a se e o an of the e oss th r l ct c mp y, Whit Cr , o e of i e men o the o e o an es s e a f rm d p ck d fr m th r c mp i , p ci lly destined for the defence of the Signory and the p a la ce

of the n an the a n en s the n of a s . e e A zi i ( ci t , ruli g ﬁci l ) B tt r a e a r n a a e s e the a of the com rm d , c ryi g l rg hi ld with m rk ne a nd the e oss on the red o n a n of mu whit cr gr u d , m y

e e e a so o e oss - o s a nd in es of th m w r l pr vid d with cr b w , tim tumult the v a ri ous divisions had cert a in st a ti ons a lw ays T he so n the hell of the com assigned to th em . u d Of nd was substi ne h e e 1 0 000l . a mu , whic w igh d , which ” tut for a of the a o o a e the o an es of ed th t c rr cci , c ll d c mp i the a nd s s to a s the e a s of the st a e sum city uburb rm , h r ld t f he san d s and e a ll moned the comp a nies o t Pi i trict , th y T he no es a e e e s ons. had th eir a pp ointed t ati bl rm d , ith r

on oo or o se - a e e o e t o e ai n nea the f t h r b ck , w r blig d r m r

anci ent comp ani es of th eir di strict by way of precauti on. ’ n s Wh en all were in th eir pl a ces the c a pt a in s serv a t 34 T HE CO N D O T T I E RI

a e at the nns e ai ne s a nd a w tch d th i r m d hut , th t th ere wa s no a n a nd sone ose who n g mbli g, impri d th did ot rem ain at e th ir po st s .

ena men o e the a f At Si f rm d militi , or ea ch ” e o C amolli a del o o or a and San T rz , , Du m di Citt ,

a no . ese e e e n o 1 o an e M rti Th w r divid d i t 7 c mp i s .

a e o ha d it s own on a on e or stan a E ch T rz g f l i r , d rd ” ea e a e the on a on e e aes o and b r r, c ll d g f l i r m tr ,

ee o n i o s a nd ea o an it s a a n thr c u c ll r ; ch c mp y c pt i , s an a ea e and ee n n o o s . a co t d rd b r r , thr c u cill r E ch ” a a or s ee n s e it s o an tr d , tr t , fur i h d c mp y, which ” wa s to be o e of o o a a nd e s who f rm d p p l ri , gu lf , ha d to be e e a e a nd a e oa t o the k pt w ll rm d , t k th a a n f r n T he a a n c pt i o th eir contra d a o comp a y . c pt i a nd gonfa lonier of the T erz o were at the orders of the n r T he a a n of the eo e wa s a so Sig ory o the Nine. c pt i p pl l

- the d e fender a nd c a pt a in genera l of the companies . a o an had it s a e a n who had two E ch c mp y Ch mb rl i , e s e s of the men in one of wa s en to the r gi t r it , which giv “ ” r e s a e o o s e e wa s a a n. ea a c pt i A h dqu t r c ll d rid tt , h lt r, s n t ea s on e n hi s e of of e a sig ed o ea ch . At l t c duri g t rm ﬁc the a a n of the eo e e e e the o an es a n c pt i p pl r vi w d c mp i , t ki g a e a the men s o be o e a s and the c r th t h uld pr vid d with rm , ridotti furni sh ed with necess a ry things (such as a rm s w a nd a a a s a e s an e ns etc. a a a n a s pp r tu , l dd r l t r , ) E ch c pt i

o e to ee in the o o ten a es ten oss - o s blig d k p rid tt x , cr b w . ” w ten s e s ﬁve anecti a nd o a s . e e a s hi ld , p , f ur l mp Th r a so a o of e men se e e o the o a n es l b dy pick d , l ct d fr m c mp i t T wo men of ea o an t o defend he Signory . ch c mp y s e e e the o e n en e e o e e to oo for l ct d by g v r m t , w r rd r d l k the os ea o s ens e o e to the s a e or at ea s m t z l u citiz , d v t d t t , l t to the o e n n a who e e s o n to o a e to g v r i g p rty, w r w r g rm d

the a a e i n a n or en a e on a nd not p l c y tumult , wh c ll d up , T so n of the to l eav e it until th ey w ere permitted . he u d

36 T HE CO N D OTTI E RI comp ani es we re mu stered th ey we re divided into two a s one t o a and the o e t o a th p rt , m rch th r gu rd e city . A tax was ose on the at e a nd those who ar e imp d l t r, m ch d so a t their own e ense and o n did xp with ut pay . Duri g the e a a on for war the e of the o ne the pr p r ti b ll c mmu , a ne a a n e e da and the o s o s and s o s m rti ll , r g v ry y w rk h p h p “ ” e R o n the a o o w s e h w ere clos d . u d c rr cci a pl a c d t e ea a a en the e h e an the at e h vy c v lry, th light r, whic b g b tl “ ” a nd th en retired b ehind the c a rroccio ; i n the third squ adron w ere the rest of the ca v a lry and a ll the infantry ” o n the a ne a wa s e e e on a oo en r u d m rti ll , which r ct d w d o e and o n e on a ca r a nd the en nes of wa r t w r m u t d , gi .

T wo s a ons of oss — o en o o e en the qu dr cr b wm f ll w d , th alvesari the so e s h the ea s e s the p , ldi r wit gr t hi ld ,

a e s the a a e a ons and na the sa e s . rch r , b gg g w g fi lly ck r s wa s the o e for a n in a e e e e e Thi rd r m rchi g , but b ttl th r w r T h s o ose of e o n a o es . e s s s f ur pri cip l b di fir t c mp d kirmi h r , “ alvesari a nd oss - o en the s in the en e p , cr b wm , fir t c tr ,

i - T h the o e s on the n s a n e n a se e . e th r wi g , r g d mi circl se on wa s the n a n the os n e o s and a s c d i f try , m t um r u it e e the s en of the a a and the e o fol w r tr gth rr y , f dit ri , T o e e a e ea to a a the ene . he l w d imm di t ly , r dy tt ck my wa s the a a e an oo so e s to su third b gg g , with m y f t ldi r p

o the a if e ea e a nd the o e in p rt rmy it r tr t d , f urth , h ld n ese e wa s a so os oo so e s . er e r rv , l m tly f t ldi r Ev y citiz who p os sessed the m eans wa s enroll ed a nd in time of wa r In the 1 ent r o e to hi s own o se . blig d ﬁght , with h r 3th c u y

en e had o se en e e e e mer Flor c h r m , th r w r ” e e e the a a e e a a a a cenaries a nd th er w r c v li ri d ll t gli , th t i the on n en of ea of the o onen s of the s, c ti g t ch c mp t

s an ea e ene a 00 in a ll o e nee e . Tu c L gu , g r lly 5 , but m r if d d T he a rmy with which the b attl e of C a mpaldina wa s fought (in which D ant e wa s engaged) cost the republic

ﬂorins a day . TH E CON DOT TI E RI

T he st e ena es a e o the a of en ﬁr m rc ri d t fr m f ll H ry VI I . , t ose ea sa es a n of es s n th a wh d th Pi , d p iri g r i ti g e Guelﬁc

ea e on e to one the o an of a o L gu , c ﬁd d Ugucci c mm d b ut e ans e n s a nd a a n e s a en G rm , Fl mi g , Br b t r , t k from the imperi a l c a mp a nd hired by Pi sa ; with which he

“ m a de him self m a ster Of the city ! In 1 3 5 1 the Floren

tines imposed a tax on . the citiz en ca va lry in a e of e sona se e i o e pl c p r l rvic , wh ch pr duc d In 1 6 o n en ﬂorins a yea r . 35 Fl re ce rolled a cross bow a the n e of wa s all militi , umb r which n T he t n s e 800 e n e e e e . o xp ri c d ci y fur i h d , divid d i t n nd e was a on a e t 1 6 on a o s a e s o e e 2 . g f l , th r c t bl v ry 5

T he cross - b ow s a nd breast pl a tes b ore the a rm s of the T he est of the n e e e e e o republic . r umb r w r r cruit d fr m i m n en h o o the c ounty a nd di str ct . E a ch a wh e did n t g out t o t s a e at o e had 20 so a da a nd ﬁgh , but t y d h m , ldi y the ons a es ha d 0 e e e to o e se es c t bl 4 , but th y w r h ld th m lv a lways rea dy for service a nd when on a ctiv e duty th ey e e e e e se in the had three ﬂorins a m onth . Th y w r x rci d

use of e ea on and a t ea e e a oss - bow th ir w p , ch r vi w rich cr and three rich uniform s were gi ven a s a prize to the man s who b eat the oth ers in three s h ot s at the t a rget . Thi wa s to d efend the C ommune a gainst C ount L ando .

It wa s in Mil an th at the militi a was disb anded ea rliest . ‘O RI G I N S AN D HI ST O RY O F TH E

FRE E C OM PAN I E S .

WHE N som e princ e or city a t the coming of pea ce s an e it s so e s e n n e se es ho di b d d ldi r , th y, ﬁ di g th m lv wit ut a e an t o oose a e a a nd t o o a so e p y , b g ch h d f rm ci ty with t e a nn of i n w t a s c er ain la w s . Th ir m er l vi g a s o p s from a e to a e n the o e o n n e contribu pl c pl c , putti g wh l c u try u d r e led e a s an o en a s e tion. Th y with th m m y w m th y

ea se o e had a e off a nd ak n men pl d , wh m th y c rri d , t i g oblige d them to ra nsom th em se lves if they desired to e s o e in a n s or be free a ga in. I f th y t pp d y di trict T he es c a stell o (a fortiﬁ ed villa ge) th ey ruined it . citi th em selves trembled a t the approa ch of such b a rb a rou s an s eo e ee of n e es e a e a nd e b d , p pl gr dy plu d r , d p r t , quit o n n T s s o e with ut co scie ce . o ave th em elves fr m th ir vi olence a nd fe rocity th ere wa s genera lly no oth er way an to sen en o s to o e a e s s of mone so a th d v y ff r l rg um y , th t th ey might l eav e the country and pa ss on furth er to h a e ne e ne a t e sa e as e es of e o . s pl y m g m , mi v ry Thi 38 T HE CO N DOT TI ERI 39 a rmed and dissolute p eople numb ered th ou s and s of foot so e s a nd o se en and the e s of ll ldi r h r m , dr g a the outlaw s a nd e — e s e e a a e to e , es e of vil liv r w r ttr ct d th m by , d ir

n e a nd n for e e e nes s a s e plu d r impu ity v ry wick d , w ll a s ” an o e e e sons So m y th r vil p r . Mura t ori comm ences hi s sixteenth dissert a tion which dea l s W i th the free com panies of a dventurers which were s uch a scourge to a in the 1 It ly 4th century . Th ey were l argely formed of t e es e es a a on s and a a n ese te s hi v , xil , v g b d It li d r r , but round the ca pta in wa s a p ow erful s qu a dron Of

o e ne s a onese n ans o en a s or Ger f r ig r , Ar g , Burgu di , Pr v c l T he f the e m ans. militia O C ommun s declined b etween and owing to the int ernecine struggles of the fa ctions a nd their regula tions a s to the bearing v of a rm s “ . and milita ry service ; lib erty wa s only u sed to render more dura ble and deep the divi sions of ea ch republic and in consequence the empl oym ent of m ercena ries ” n ea se e the o e of o es a or a a n of the i cr d, whil fﬁc P d t , c pt i eo e e a e the ea ns of and e se for the o n n p pl , b c m m xcu f u di g f In T he os ons eno o s . o tyrannies . pr cripti were rm u 1 266 ten o san e i es e a te in one da o , th u d x l d p r d y fr m e ona a nd in 1 2 t e e o sa n s a e Cr m , 74 w lv th u d imil rly l ft en ea s a ter the eat e n of the B ologna . Tw ty y r f gr xili g Ghib ellines from Florence so m any exiles were s c a ttered a broa d th at four thou sa nd hurried to the a rmy ra i sed on T he mer a ga inst C a struccio in the hope of p a rd . cenaries a nd the dict a tor were the m eans which the cities adopted to defend th em selves a ga inst the exiles alli ed to e ene es st on men who had no o ne th ir mi , r g f rtu but ” a es of s men are met ea their swords . Ex mpl uch with rly T h a a on e en ons a in the 1 3th century . e P rm chr icl m ti e a n an an o de R an oni who was e e e o c rt i L fr c g , xp ll d fr m M odena : he ﬁrst served Lucc a with severa l c ompa nies

t sa en e n o e e e a a eo aga ins Pi , th b i g ff r d high r p y by M tt di 40 T HE CO N D OT TI E RI

o e o en to a a t two h n e o o e s . C rr ggi , w t P rm wi h u dr d f ll w r T he Correggi esche were conque re d a nd driven a w ay a nd L a nfranco rem a ined in the p ay of the conquerors with out h esit ating to turn hi s a rm s aga inst hi s form er At h n employer. t e C ourt of M a fred ( 1 2 5 2) ev ery bra ve so e of ate e o nt or a on wa s e tai n to ldi r wh v r c u ry f cti , c r

find a s o ses an and so a o at s rm , h r , l d much f v ur th at l a t hi e In 1 1 s very enemi es ca m to him . 3 5 the C ommune of Fl orence enga ged the Prince of T a rant o with 9 00 o se e a t hi s s e on n o a n s of 0 1 00 a nd h r , divid d di cr ti i t b d 5 , , ” m T he n a w n e 1 50 en. co tr ct a s 300 o z of gold per mOnth for se 1 2 to o n s and a ons 1 0 to o e him lf, c u t b r , th r a ssa s 6 to ea s of s a ons to ess s n s e v l , h d qu dr , 4 l di ti gui h d so e s to s e an s en on e a on e e ldi r , 3 impl r k m , 3 z m th w r a e a s a a nd a florin of o for the ee of the dd d gift , g ld k p T h e en a nte t r h orses . e xp se m ou d o flo ins of

o t th e 1 1 1 e a s gold e a ch month . Ab u e y ar 3 m erc n rie en a T he w s w ere u sed g er lly through out Ita ly . pay a s o goo d and the ca lling so a ttra ctive th a t the cities imposed h ea vy fines up on those of th eir citizens who t ook service s a n e s s n e so an e a e so e s at e with tr g r , i c m y b c m ldi r th th y a n a a n one ose who o I fe red bei g b d d by th c uld fight . n 1 260 o en e had 800 en o se so e s in 1 2 8 Fl r c citiz h r ldi r , 9 , 2 n 0 w n a 600 and in 1 o 0. e e a s a e e a , 3 5 ly 3 Th r tim wh P vi put int o the field foot and h orse when it fell und er the p ower of the Vi sconti in 1 3 1 5 the numb er of

its h orsem en wa s 60. In France before 1 356 the decay of feud a li sm a nd the had o e an n n e n e of a ent e s Cru sad er pr duc d i ﬁ it umb r dv ur r , who were som etimes employed by the King to ﬁght his

a ons or to t o e n ene es . e e e so e b r , ﬁgh f r ig mi Th y w r m e a so the a ons to the n tim es employ d l by b r ﬁght Ki g,

a nd ﬁlled up the int erva ls with priva t e war or rapine . the a e of o n of a n e at o e s ana After c ptur J h Fr c P iti r , rchy T HE CON DOTTI E RI 4 1

prev a iled . A ce rt a in R obert Knolly s ra v a ged N or a n a nd r f the e s a n m dy, G i ﬁth W l hm h a rried up the a s of a r s ea ns a nd a e T h s . e w ll P i , Orl , Ch rtr most fa mou s

ro e of the e wa s na C ervolles a - es bb r tim Ar uld Of , rch pri t ’ of e n no n a s l Archi rétre who o e e V r y, k w p , c ll ct d a l a rge o an and en to o en e i n en to c mp y w t Pr v c w th i t t ra vage it .

. Inn nt n t T he PO e oce . o no n how t o p , VI , k wi g es ca pe a llowed him to enter Avignon in triumph a nd to dine with him and hi s ca rdina ls ma ny

n o a se her st a n a another . A C ou tess de H a rc urt r i d d rd to a en e the ea of her s an e the o a n v g d th hu b d , whil c mp y of the a en the a e o e s a a ne a T rdi V uti , l t c m r , c pt i d by a s on na e e n Ba desol e eate of the G c m d S gui , d f d ’ ﬂower of the King s troop s under J a cques de B ourb on at i e the na s ee ea es o ons . s Br g i , thr l gu fr m Ly Aft r thi s ess an s a s o e a s e e ucc ful brig d , Ric tti w ll c ll th m , divid d n o two a es of one n e e na o e a i t p rti , which u d r B r rd d ll 4 2 T HE C O N D OT TI E RI

h n n T he S a l a approac ed Avig o . P ope in grea t a l a rm o a e a r sa e a a nst e a s s o e pr cl im d c u d g i th m , but thi pr j ct

a e he n e the a s of Monferrat to en a e f il d , i duc d M rqui g g h th em for hi s w a r s in L omb a rdy. T ese men h aving fought und er the E ngli sh b a nners w ere known a s ” n es ou an of t e e e of o e na on I gl i , th gh m y h m w r th r ti i e o e h e al ties . Th y f rm d t em selv s int o a troop ca lled the o a n a a n a the h e o an a a ne C mp g i bi c , w it c mp y, c pt i d by

a G erm an. Mura t ori sa ys the ﬁrst m ention of a free comp a ny i s an n e a e 1 02 a o a n of a ans a nd by Vill i u d r d t 3 , c mp y It li a a ans who a r e ee e in t at ea a nd in 1 2 2 C t l h r i d Gr c h y r, 3 anoth er under the na me of La C omp agnia d ev a st a t ed 1 2 n 1 se e a the C ont a d o of Siena . B etween 3 7 a d 343 v r l an e f e e was the comp i s o foreigners ra v aged It a ly . Th r o a n a del C eru lio a an of e an a en e s C mp g i g , b d G rm dv tur r brought d own by L ewi s the B a v a rian wh en he went to o e to ta e the e a o n and the a a e R m k imp ri l cr w , C v li ri e a o o a the e a ns ofthe o es t o n d ll C l mb , r m i f rc wi h which J h of o e a e a es a e a o e o and B h mi h ld Lucc , Br ci , B rg m , R ggi M odena for three years ; a mixed multitude of French and e an e ena es wa s e Pe a G rm m rc ri , which hir d by rugi

i n 1 3 35 to ﬁght aga inst Arezz o and afterw a rd s di spersed . e e ea e was a e t a king service with v a rious citi s . Aft r p c m d n n nd the cali ers i n 1 b etween the Ve eti a s a S g 339 , “ Lodri si o Vi s c onti form ed a n a rmy of soldiers ( men for

the os a ere of a s e a and e - se to ﬁ ht m t p rt ﬁ c p ct , t ll w ll u d g in na es of the a s of e a n now no n a s g, tiv p rt G rm y k w e an a n o et e the o e of oo a nd Switz rl d , dr w t g h r by h p b ty the plea sure of sa cking towns who ha d served Mas no e a a a a nd hese a e on war a a ns ti d ll Sc l , with t c rri d g i t ! He a e i an Azz o Vi sconti lord of Mila n. c ll d t the comp y

’ G un a l E t ha ec fuit p ri ma Soci eta s i n Ita li a . i te l a Stori a de — Cortu si boo 1 0 c a e 1 81 . k , h pt r

44 T HE CON D OTT I E RI

killed with hi s own h and in the m a rk et pl a ce of M onte

e o ee e ne e s a nd had a e e i h v gli thr littl ph w , g th r d n i s ca stles in the B olognese m ounta ins a ll the enemies ” of hi s o n to o a nd osses s se c u try w rry it p him lf of it . H a ving b een outnumb e red he cede d hi s c a stles to the

o m ne o hi s o a n ons for anese a c m u , f ught with c mp i Mil p y and en for a t of s a and now wa s ea to wa r th th Pi , r dy a a ns th o w e e o . e ne who a a er a g i t wh l w rld W r r, s ft w rd s the ea e had on hi s ea s the o s e o e l d r , br t w rd mbr id er d

a a n e no e e a an o a n a Duc Gu r i ri , Sig r d ll G r C mp g i , ” imi co Dio e a e ser o a e W er N di , di Pi t di Mi ic rdi , Duk ner o of the ea o an ene of God of com , l rd Gr t C mp y, my , ” a s on a nd s e est a e n n ea s p s i m ercy . Thi d t bl b a d i cr ed eno o s a nd en a o e n a a and rm u ly , w t b ut l vyi g bl ckm il da m a ging the v a riou s peoples from Rimini a nd C esena to n n e n e s e a a d a n a . e e s o e so Si M tu At v ry t p w m , ldi r , a s the es s of a n ease the an at e e l d , vil t cum It ly, i cr d b d , v ry f st ep the te rror of the people . grew with the grea tness o the a a e a nd the e o wa s s e one a a e d m g , t rr r ju tiﬁ d if c lcul t

It i e a n o t o n n oo th eir numb er . s c rt i th a t with u c u ti g f t soldiers a nd follow er s th ere w ere in the Gra nd C ompa ny “ ” a e e e s a e se of the e a n b rbut , h lm t . t rm u d G rm n r to es na e the o of two men s a s m erce a i es d ig t gr up , ju t la ncie wa s u sed in It a ly after the E ngli sh a dventurers c a me there to d esigna t e the group of three men which an es o O rdela fﬁ o of wa e n . e s th ir u it G uid d by Fr c c , L rd esena e a e se s a n eso a e Va ldambra C , th y tr v r d Tu c y , d l t d and Valdichi a na o e ena a nd e a to e , blig d Si P rugi buy th m

off e c ea a nd on n a a e n s en v ry l rly, c ti u lly g th ri g tr gth with new e r s a a e o a na the n en on of r c uit , r v g d R m g , with i t ti

n a a es a o of n who ha d een o sh owi g M l t t , L rd Rimi i , b p posed to the Pis a n forces in which m ost of th em had a a es a en out o eo s to e a nd fought . M l t t w t c urt u ly th m accosted th e m with s uch word s th a t he wa s not only T HE CO N DOTTI E RI 4 5

S a e a s s s e to e o e a no p r d , but i t d r c v r F , which had been stolen from him in the genera l ana rchy— for a sum of money of course . Th ey th en m a rch ed on to Imol a o n e a a nd B ol g a . Aft r tim e they a rra nged to p a s s

o . the o o nese o n r e e n o e thr ugh B l g c u t y, r c ivi g f dd r a nd

florins a nd e e let oose in o ena e e e , w r l M d , wh r th y es o e e er n a s e a s se n a ll to fire d tr y d v ythi g th y p d , putti g a nd sword and ill - trea ting a nd t orturing the p eople to a e s o e en ea s e T m ke th m di c v r hidd tr ur s . he country folk who had not tim e to flee to the fortified pl a ces were ea e oss e o se a nd o r t n o tr t d , if p ibl , w r , h r id frui hu g fr m n e the trees of the s qu a lid c ountry . Wh e th y reach ed the P0 and ea ene a n a the r n es of at ar , thr t d M tu , p i c th p t of the o n met at e a a a nd o e n c u try F rr r b ught th m Off . O A rfl 1 2 1 e ne e the o an an s p , 343 , W r r divid d c mp y by b d and ens ns and one one a e e s a e of ig , by p id th m th ir h r oo and ne an e n a t er n b ty mo y d th y we t b ck o G m a y . T en “ of ese an s o e e not et of oo a nd th b d , h w v r, y full bl d o n an e s b oty we t tow ard Tu scany d ight topp ed at C a rpi . He se a e e n os a en e t a ne in e a a him lf, ft r b i g h pit bly t r i d F rr r ’ by Obizzo d E ste cros sed the Friuli an Alp s with the l a st s an a s a r i n to hi s o n en ots of t d rd , c r y g with him c u trym l b ooty and fiery word s to infla m e th eir desire to imit a t e I 1 h a a n es en e n o a him . n 347 e g i d c d d i t It ly with ” a e o t e s of n a t o a en e hi s b rbut , b ugh by L wi Hu g ry v g ’ brother Andrew s d eath upon Giov anna of N apl es . After va ri ou s doubtful expeditions which are thought by the on e s n a e of ea e o s n en ons s n e he chr icl r i dic tiv tr ch r u i t ti , i c appea red to wis h to hold the b al ance b etween the King of n ar and the een of a es he e a e Hu g y Qu N pl , b c m third in comm and by wh a t i s thought to h ave been a s He wa s i n o a n a t orne o treach erous tra t agem . c mm d C t “ ” in the a i ana a 00 a e one n C p t t with 4 b rbut , but ight , no a e n e the o n wa s to fire a nd s o w tch b i g k pt , t w put w rd 46 T HE C O N D OTT I E RI by C orra do Lup o (C onra d WOlfart , the Hunga ri an) a nd the a o e of a ns H V iv d Tr ylvani a. e dra m atica lly en , deavoured to es a e o e the oo s wa s a c p v r r f , but c ptured a nd o t a - na e e o e the a br ugh h lf k d b f r V ivode . T he C on dottiere see n o a o o the o e of hi s , i g C rr d Lup , br th r m ort a l foe esen e e a e and ea t en n n pr t , tr mbl d with r g f r, h tur i g to the a o e he a e t o ar on and V iv d pr y d him p d him , at the end offere d him se lf soul and b ody to the service of the T n . he a o e a e a n se e e s o e Ki g V iv d , ft r h vi g v r ly c ld d him, a s n of bad a a e e hi s e e a ccu i g him f ith , cc pt d Off r, mbr ced and e nin e a s and o ses t hi s m him , r tur g th ir rm h r o en a s e a s se ma e i n the a T he w ll him lf, d him third rmy . innocent c ountry p a id for thi s little c om edy ; sever al m onth s l a t er only five inh a bit a nt s b eing found a mong h f Fra Moreale n t e ruins o the town. a d C ount L a ndo a l so j oined th e m and the fa m e of th eir ga ins was wid ely s a s t n m n e o a e soon o a e a e e . pr d , th th y c mm d d rm d en the a o e s one a a a ent and a te Th V iv d umm d p rli m , f r sh owing th e m the d a nger of going a b out with out rules or ea e s e o t e e to e e so e a s a s - at - a s l d r , xh r d th m l ct m m r h l rm who sh ould put order a nd rule a m ong the comp anies . T he a rmy agreed a nd el ect ed G u a rnie ri and C orrado e es a s e a es of of e s to e a nd Lupo. Th y t bli h d gr d fic r rul a n st a e the a f a s of the a s e ert a n dmi i r t f ir c mp , dr w up c i es a nd the a o e e n o a a a e the rul , V iv d b i g r y l vic r, m d him e e en to e sa n en n to n e supreme rul r . Th y w t Av r i t di g i t r c ept the rich convoys which went by th at town to N aples . SO th ey pret ended th a t the Hungarians and G e rm ans had a en out and the no se of the a on es s e o t e f ll , i d ily c t t r p r d o in N aples brought out the b arons to a ttack . Ab ut o se en a e out and nea e e o e en h r m c m , r M l t th y o n e e the s of the o a n t e c u t r d fir t third c mp y , which h y e t en a a e the conquered and drove a w ay . Th y h tt ck d e on e n the s s a on e n or e s c d , but whil fighti g. fir t qu dr r i f c d T HE CO N DOTT I ERI 47

o nt an o and a e e on e o e n by C u L d r lli d , f ll up th m fr m b hi d , and the o ne the se on so t a th third j i d c d , h t e N ea p olit a ns s o n e a nd o n e e e e all a e sone s urr u d d ut umb r d w r m d pri r . Th ose who w ere soldier s by professi on lost a rm s a nd o se e o e e e the n o na e h r but r c v r d lib rty, but u f rtu t gentle m It wa s h en s e e ea o e s . t e s o a s ha s uff r d gr t t rtur cu t m , een s a e to e o e a a e a or to com b t t d , giv d ubl p y ft r vict y , pensate for the pri soners reserve d for the prince a s well r So the o e s f h a s fo the extra fatigue. s ldi r o t e comp a ny n f e n h o d em a nded it on p ai o br a ki g up t e b and . But t pay th em would require flo rins and the Va ivode not b eing a ble to pers ua de th em to wa it for a few da ys the oo o be so wa s o e to hi s own till b ty c uld ld , blig d put son in pa wn to th em for florims and m a ke th em m a st ers of the persons of the gentlem en pri soners for So ese n o na es e e s e e n e the rest . th u f rtu t w r tr tch d o b a m s on the ground and re ceived blow s from the soldiers with e ee s s ones and st s so a at th ir h l , with t with ick , brut lly th ” s a to oo T he o n they di tilled blood from h e d f t . C u t of Trica rico cri ed out imploring hi s life for hi s wife a nd en and ose ea to n hi s o e s childr th d r him , but u til ff r ea e florins a os the a e of all he had r ch d , lm t v lu , T he o e s e e ea e the m a rtyrdom did not cea se . th r w r tr t d in the sa m e way and so the required sum wa s m a de up . T he a o e e n too s o in e o ens n a s e V iv d b i g l w r c mp i g, th y o e ons e to and he fled i hi s th ught , th y c pir d kill him , w th n n t n n a T he es s a e st Hu ga ria s o M a fredo i . r t t y d till Chri mas en a n s o e the o n Of a ll a e , wh h vi g p il d c u try th t th y o e a e te florins to ea e a a c uld , th y cc p d I l v C pu , n e sa and the o n o n in ea e . e o e ea Av r , c u try r u d p c B f r l vi g the oo wa s e : s a o n e to florins b ty divid d thi m u t d , o o n n a o ses a s a s a nd o e n s with ut c u ti g w rh r , rm , fl g th r thi g T he oo wa s ea e which th ey ha d a lrea dy ta ken. b ty h p d i n eat oun s in one s en o es and o of o gr m d , ilk cl th cl th g ld 48 T HE CON D OTT I E RI

a nd s e in a no e a es a ens e o s ne a es ilv r, th r ch lic , p t , pr ci u ckl c “ a nd rings which ha d been the gages of intemperat e ” o e en o ses es a nd o e an a s t en a s l v , th h r , mul th r im l , h rm , en oo a nd e o s e s na a sses of o th f d pr ci u Obj ct , ﬁ lly m g ld e in the o of one or in a es s and silv r f rm m y sh pel pi eces .

T he o on of the e s e n a en a a ea ea p rti chi f b i g t k w y, ch h p wa s i e n o a s an ar s a s e e e e an s d vid d i t m y p t th r w r b d , ea ch b and c a st lot s for it s p a rt and di stribut ed to ea ch en e e e n i n n soldie r . Th th y put v ryt hi g c art s or o ea s s and a n e ns and es b t , dr ggi g with th m virgi wiv sna tch e d from the a rm s of th eir p a rents or hu sb and s e e e a o a s o a na on the wa a dir ct d th ir m rch t w rd R m g , y b ck ” to G erm any. Fra Moreale who e a ne the n a ans and , r m i d with Hu g ri o a o o wa s a o en a a en e er a s orn C rr d Lup , Pr v c l dv tur r, p h p b r Hi n w a t N a rbonne o Aub a gne. s a m e a s Wa lt er de on é a a nd he a e t o a i n a a e a en M tr l , c m It ly g ll y l d with en o wa s sa e ar no o o Fr ch cl th , which ck d by M ti di P rt nea s a in 1 in wa s a so the one r O ti 345 , which l m y which n f r n Gi ov a na o N a pl es drew from he Prove cal dominions. He se e a o e of a o in the ea o an rv d C rl , Duk Dur zz , N p lit n f n a s e a e o e a d o o the e of . o w r , b c m br th r pri r Ord r S J h

of er sa e and wa s a e s e e ea of hi s so e . J u l m , m d upr m h d ldi ry O n hi s ea he o e the a a e o e e o o e s d th r bb d p l c , c ll ct d f ll w r and j oined the G rea t C ompany with the title of Vic a r of o anna in 1 2 s n a a es a of n Aversa. Gi v 3 5 e t M l t t Rimi i a a ns who es e e a nd a e s en e g i t him , b i g d him , m d him urr d r n o en e he asse to the a nd di sgorge hi s plu d er . Fr m th c p d se e of the a a ns the e e of o and rvic Church g i t Pr f ct Vic , a lw ays selling him self to the high est bidde r found no diffi culty a ft erw a rd s i n j oining the sa m e prefect who th en In 1 he e e o e o and o e a es . h ld O rvi t , Vit rb th r pl c 353 collected b a rbute and m a snadieri oo e s se n f e en for o se or oo the (tr p r , u d i di f r tly h r f t) by a ( o the G eo rge by M a nt e gn . fr m picture in the Figure of S . A a V ) . cca demi . enice

9. T ofa ce p. 4

50 T HE C ON D OTTI E RI

e ar e s ne ea s a on ha d its ea a nd ea r g d d di cipli , ch qu dr h d, ch

ea o e o e en e to Fra Moreale who o a n h d w d b di c , c mm ded and a n s e e s a s e now hi s own dmi i t r d umm ry ju tic , by will . now with the a ppea r ance of counsel . Thi s wa s the we ll e u a e a ne i h he e a st ate a He r g l t d m chi w th w ich d v d It ly . st opp ed at Citta di C a st ello on hi s way b a ck from o en e e e t o e the n e or to the c on Fl r c , ith r divid plu d r ﬁx ’ ditions of a four m onth s enga ge ment with the lea gue n s form ed by the L o mb a rd p rinces aga inst Mil a . Thi wa s in 1 and o n an o hi s eu enant led July, 3 54, C u t L d , li t , hi s o an a a ns the s on e he ono e c mp y g i t Vi c ti , whil , h ur d

the ens of e a a eare to be es o s with citiz hip P rugi , pp d d ir u of resting from strife a nd enj oying in p ea ce the fruit s of so m any robb eri es ; but hi s e vil geniu s t ook him to o e e he en 00 o se hi s o e R m , whith r w t with 3 h r , br th r ’ ri r Fra Ar baldo being mixed up with R ienzi s enterp i se . Moreale a e n o e in a n e ea ene qu rr lli g with him v r it , g r thr t d to throw d own Ri enzi and hi s fant a stica l republic and o n the a ons o s e e o e ea and re j i b r , which w rd w r v rh rd n A h n hi e ported to Ri e zi . s a result e a d s broth rs w ere en seized by night a nd t a k en to the t o rture ch a mber . Wh he sa w the ns en s e a e he e out a e i trum t pr p r d cri d , I h v ’ on ou a lready t old y ou wh a t ru stic vill ains y ou a re . D t y know th a t I a m a k night ! How c a n y ou do thi s in fa my ! Wh en he wa s ra i sed from the ground (for the “ t orture of the cord) he added : I h a ve b een hea d of the a n o an a nd e a se wa s o n a en e G r d C mp y , b c u I b r g tl ma n a s a gentlem a n I h a ve wi sh ed to live ; and I h a ve

‘ a ll the es of s a n to a nso a nd I a e put citi Tu c y r m , h v put e to e and to sa a nd a e o n o n th m tribut , ck , I h v thr w d w ” e e eo es wa s th ir w a ll s a nd empti ed th m Of p ple . A pri t sent to him a t night a nd he confes sed at hi s feet with ea e o on a nd e s a on e se gr t d v ti , with humility h ld piritu l c v r and ea n hi s o e s ee n i n the o ne with him , h ri g br th r w pi g c r r T HE CON DOTT IERI 5 1 of the oo o o e e sa n ee o e r m c mf rt d th m by yi g , Sw t br th rs , do not ou a re o n a nd not a a the doubt , y y u g f mili r with f ne : ou not i es s o o d e . s a a nd of j t f rtu y will I h ll , thi s w a m e a n. e a s a a s o e I c rt i But my lif lw y full Of tr ubl , n wa s n ea san to me and i s a so a e t o me livi g u pl t , it l c to di e h ere wh ere the bl essed S a int s P et er and P a ul a o o e to a Arr O e ibaldo . di d , lth ugh I c m it by thy f ult D

t ee for ea e n a m no w p my d th which I m et willi gly . I man a s a man wa s e e e a s m n a a a e a e . , I d c iv d , b tr y d n w God a e o me. a s oo to the o will h v pity up I g d w rld,

s a be oo e o e and c a n a ss e se a I h ll g d b f r Him , I ur my lf th t a t e the n en on n You I c m e o Rom with i t ti Of d oi g good . a re o n be ea for ou a e not et no n a y u g, f rful, y h v y k w wh t a ou to be a e n e fortune i s . I pr y y ff ctio a t to ea ch oth er and to s o o se es a o o s to the o a s h w y ur lv v l r u w rld I did , ” n o a the a a nd s a a e o e e . wh m Apuli , M rch , Tu c y h v b y d ’ C onsidering wh a t the m a n s life ha d been thi s i s a m os t a a n s ee e e a a e e o e in the a n m zi g p ch , wh th r ccur t ly r p rt d m i or a on e o a n en on s n e ma be s ose c t mp r ry i v ti , i c it y upp d th a t in th a t ca se w ord s w ere put into hi s m outh which w a n he ea a s s he a s e to a e se . lik ly h v u d At d w h rd m ,

b a reh eaded a nd with na k ed legs ; at h a lf - p a st ni ne he was led to the st airc ase of the C a mpidoglio a nd m ad e t o

nee e o th nn He ha d ee a s a t hi s k l b f re e M ado a . thr fri r

s e hi s an s e e o n a e een e id h d w r b u d with cruciﬁx b tw th m ,

hi s ose wa s of a a o o a a oo o n h d rk c l ur, d rk h d b u d with o wa s on hi s ea and on hi s s o e s a e o e g ld h d , h uld r littl d ubl t of n en the sen en e brow velvet sewn with gold . Wh t c wa s ea he e to the e How c a n ou r d cri d multitud , y , O o ans e e onsen to ea ! to the ea of one R m , v r c t my d th d th who ha s neve r offended y ou ! But your p overty a nd es a re e m i And a s he en my rich wh a t m ak e to d e . w t

along the street he repea t ed thi s over a nd over a ga i n.

And th en he cri ed for m e rcy and ki ssed the cruciﬁx . 5 2 T HE CO N D O T TI E RI

Hi s ea e t the s H a o . e e on s 2 h d f ll ﬁr t bl w di d Augu t 9 , 1 and wa s e the an s an 3 54, buri d by Fr ci c s in Ara C e li ; ” “ a nd s o r es a eo an the e a en e , w it M tt Vill i , wick d fri r d d , for wh ose d ea th grea t pra i se w ould be due t o the Tribune

he ha d een o e on e s e s n e he if b m v d ly by pur ju tic , but i c took the broth ers a nd the good s of More ale for him self e a o n e to ﬂorins n a e a n (th y m u t d ) , i gr titud d ” a a see t hi v rice m o h a ve spott ed s fa m e . It mu st be ’ a o e in s a on of R ienzi s a on o e e at ll w d ju tiﬁc ti cti , h w v r , th Fra Moreale had prob a bly come t o R ome with an under ’ st anding with the C olonna t o up set the Tribune s o e n en a nd i s to the e of hi s ene a on G v r m t , it cr dit p tr ti h hi N or c an h be th at e divined s trea ch ery in tim e . e a e a a e s n e he a e ot o e ch rg d with v ric , i c might h v g much m r

Fra Morea le os ses se ea by h olding him pri sone r . p d gr t T h hi e i rich es. e P ope t ook from s prop rty ﬂor ns of o to n e n ose he had o e and on s a e g ld i d m ify th r bb d , c ﬁ c t d T he o en nes se es e e the one de the rest . Fl r ti qu t r d m y os e in e a a o n e t o a a e sum a s p it d P rugi , which m u t d l rg , a recomp ense for r av a ged l a nd s . Vill ani pra i ses him a s a a a n a nd eno ne a a n and o sa s a v li t r w d c pt i , Ric tti y th t no c apt ain since the tim e of C aesa r wa s hi s equ a l P ellini h n o e e a an he a ppea rs to h old t e s a m e opi ion. H w v r v li t wa s hi s na e s t be a e a on the o e s a nd m mu pl c d m g r bb r , not a m ong the gloriou s a nd wi se c apt ains through wh om to o e nno en . o a e It a ly i s fa m ou s. P p I c t VI c mp r d him o o e nes and a e o e o s a nd a a o s H l f r , c ll d him m r impi u b rb r u th an T otil a . no e o an a ea e a o 1 62 a e the A th r c mp y pp r d b ut 3 , c ll d ” e o an n e the o an of e e Whit C mp y, u d r c mm d Alb rt St rz , ’ a nd thi s i s the comp any with which Ha wkwood s na m e

a n es es e ﬁrst a ppea rs in It a ly . Filippo Vill i d crib th m “ a nd th eir d oings at som e l ength : Young a nd for the m ost p art brought up in the long w a rs b etween Fra nce T HE CO N DOT TI ER I 5 3

a nd n an o a nd se t o de a nd E gl d , pr ud wilful , u d mur r

a ne e ran on the s o a n e a e of e r pi , th y w rd , h vi g littl c r th ir In w r persons . a th ey w ere quick a nd ob edi ent to th eir f e s o i n a n e a o s e di s O ﬁc r , th ugh c mpi g littl c uti u ; th ir orderly courage a nd conﬁde nce c a u sed the m to pla ce th em selves h ere and th ere so th a t th ey might e asily receiv e d a m age a nd sh a me from a c ourageou s

“ e a o was s a a enemy . Th ir rm ur u u lly la rge cuira ss ‘ ’ a nd e o e the ea s a n a rﬁma of s ee a e s of b f r br t t l , rml t

on e es a nd ea es s on s o s a nd ir , thigh pi c gr v , tr g w rd a e s the a n e a a s i n os ion h d gg r , with l c lw y p it , whic e e e e to use on oo a nd ea h one ha d th y pr f rr d f t , c w a n h t o es a nd so e es o e. e e a d un p g , m tim m r Wh th y a rm e d th em selves the p a ges clea ned the a rm our so th a t in a ﬁght th ey s h one like mirrors a nd were so much the f e s a n e o e e e . e s o e e e a d m r t rribl Oth r th m w r rch r , th ir

o s e e on a nd a e of ew a nd e e e e b w w r l g m d y , th y w r v ry ” “ An ready with th em and obedient a nd did well . d they were found b etter at riding by night and stealing an s an a t o n the e o na e a e our l d th h ldi g ﬁ ld , f rtu t r th r by ” o a e a n e o en e c w rdic th by th eir br avery . Th y c mm c d th eir It a lia n ca reer by t a king the C ount of S avoy a t i e e e he wa s en o n se who wa s a nso e Cir , wh r j yi g him lf, r m d for ﬂorins ! en of e oo Si cia no Th th m t k , nea o a a e e e s o e s e a r N v r , wh r th y h w d uch cru lty th t G a l eazzo Visconti ordered th a t eve ry pl a ce which could not e en se s o be n a s the esse of two d f d it lf h uld bur t , l r i to i n the evil s . Th eir connecti on with Pi sa s referred

e of a oo a e he e e Bon arden lif H wkw d ; ft r l ft St rz , g with

the e a ns of the ea o a n o ne the a e a nd r m i Gr t C mp y j i d l tt r, ea n sa e a o s e o n e the e a n l vi g Pi lik tr it r , th y f u d d G rm “ ”

n s o an e a e a of the a . e E gli h C mp y d ll St ll , St r Th y receiv ed ﬂorins from Si ena a nd went on to M onte Ani i r n n to a es a nd pulciano . ch no Bonga den we t o N pl 54 T HE C O N D O TT I E RI

e e rne to ena to a e e a a a St rz r tu d Si m k th m p y g in. T he Sienese w ere fa llen s o low th a t th ey de liv ered up the

onse a o e the ea of the a e a s os a e C rv t r , h d St t , h t g ; never theless the brigand s re turned in May of the next yea r 1 6 to a e o a ai n T he ene ( 3 5) t k t ll g . Si se p a id a ltogeth er florins e of o e n one lir m d r m y , i o o n n o se s os esen s i en w th ut c u ti g h r l t , pr t g v , a nd the os of the a ne to th o n T h c t r pi e c u try round . e ne ea e had hi s ea off f r xt y r St rz h d cut o trea ch ery . A an f eo e i m c omp y o S . G rg s et with in 1 365 c omm anded o o a a s a son of e na o s on by Ambr gi , b t rd B r b Vi c ti , which , n e G o a nn e Uba ldini wa s o off u it d with i v i d gli , b ught n f by F lore ce or four yea rs a t the price of florins . H a wkw ood j oined him self t o th e m and th ey went to e e to ena a e e a a e sum not to g th r Si , which g v th m l rg n no be o es e for five ea s . e e a a e e a m l t d y r Th th y tt ck d G , e ne e on ena a nd ea e a nd a e a e r tur d twic Si b t th m , lik f t n e e er a e es s a e . e s a b f ll P ugi , which tri d r i t c Aft r thi H wk oo e s on who en o se and w d l ft Vi c ti , w t with h r oo n o the e e he wa s on e e the f t i t Abruzzi , wh r c qu r d by a of the o e a nd of een o a nna s in rmy P p Qu Gi v , hut up

r son a nd hi s o o e s s e se . p i , f ll w r di p r d T he Grea t C omp any wa s ﬁna lly cut to pieces i n f h n the Ap ennine s by the pea sa nt s o t e di strict . C ou t a n o wa s ea n a nd a s e e ss on to a ss L d l di g it , k d p rmi i p He wa a o e to a e through Fl orentine t errit ory . s ll w d t k a a o the enn nes for wa s too a a o s p th thr ugh Ap i , it h z rd u to a llow hi s men to p a ss through the fe rtil e pla in of n He o a ne two o en ne en o s a s Tu sca y . bt i d Fl r ti v y

His s e e n f to os a es for hi s sa e . o s h t g f ty ldi r , b i g di ﬁcult ee i n o e ot out of an and n a nd n e e k p rd r, g h d bur t plu d r d two a es a t the o n o n wa s a se and vill g , which c u try r u d r i d , n n w the pea s a nt s d et ermined on v e gea ce . Th ere a s a na o o e a e o o o r Le Sca lelle o rr w g rg c ll d Bif rc , , thr ugh T HE CO N DOT TI E RI 5 5

the an had to a ss a nd e e e which b d p , h r th y l a id a n a s o n the o s of the s n mbu h , ccupyi g t p urrou ding hill s . T he v a ngua rd with the Florenti ne env oys wa s a ll owed to a ss o n an o h the n p , but C u t L d wit m a i b ody wa s ’ stopped . C anestrini s a ccount of the i ncident i s so es e a ee anno do e e a n pictur qu th t I f l I c t b tt r th quote it . He s t a rt ed very ea rly a nd sent Am erigo del Ca va letto th with e quick est soldiers and the b aggage in the va n. o a o hi s o e h 800 o se and 00 oo Br cc rd , br th r wit h r 5 f t t a n n form ed the rea r gu a rd . Aft er a time he C omp y e tered a ee a e two es on and e e a nd e e d p v ll y mil l g, h r th r th oo of e e cros sed with upright rocky ledges . At e f t th s o s the oa o n a o e th ank s of the o en r ck r d w u d , b v e b t rr t th nd which ra n with a dull murmur down be low . At e e of the two miles the v a lley wa s closed by a na rrow and e s ee a ss e e the a h ose s en e een v ry t p p , wh r p t r udd ly b tw ” tw l e e e the o high summit s c a lled le Sca ell . H r o n i en a o e n n e a e e se es . c u trym , b ut ighty umb r, pl c d th m lv At ﬁrs t th ey rem ained qui et a nd hidd en th en wh en they saw the grea ter p art of the a rmy ent angled in the tediou s windings of the v a lley th ey burst with fury from e a s s e the a ssa e ea th ir mbu h , Ob truct d p g with gr t s ones a nd o e e e the ons a e e who t , v rwh lm d c t bl with th m , wa s n to a s a one e e en e tryi g m t er th em . Th t d th y xt d d a long the cr est s of the sl opes to a tt a ck the unprep a red e s wa s ha soldi ers with st ones and a rrow s . Whil thi p

en n o n a n o a n a en off hi s e e wa s p i g, C u t L d , h vi g t k h lm t , n on e ea n and a n h ose a o n ridi g qui tly ti g t lki g wit th r u d , en the of es s an e the of i es the wh tumult r i t c , ﬂight fug tiv ,

no se of the a ssa a nd the ea e of the o s i ult , dr dful rumbl r ck which fell on hi s tr oop s w a rned him of the extrem e an e e o e a n he sen 1 00 dis d g r. Ther f r quickly rmi g t mount ed Ungheri to ga in the h eight s and driv e a w ay the ll e e es e e too a e : the p ea sant s. But a r m di w r l t 56 T HE C O N D OT TI E RI

Un heri e se es e a a sse the e t of g th m lv , mb rr d with w igh e a s a nd the en h e o e s or the th ir rm l gt Of th ir d ubl t , by s ee nes s of the o s e e e na e to t p r ck which th y w r u bl climb , e e a s o n the s ones a nd a s so e es w r c t d w by t d rt , m tim fa lling on th eir comp anions ; while th ose who w ere a t

the ea ne a o a s the ea — a e n h d tur d b ck t w rd r r gu rd , b i g na e to et out and one o n n the o e o s u bl g , w u di g th r with b lt , it soon e a e e a oss e to to or to b c m qu lly imp ibl ﬁght , ﬂy,

e I e ne a e o o n o a o wa s r tire . n th ge r l t rr r C u t Br cc rd o n o n a o n o the o en hi s o se thr w d w by r ck i t t rr t with h r , and the p easa nt s fell upon the di sorga ni sed soldiers with a sto of a o s a nd a s e e o en s oo rm rr w d rt , whil th ir w m t d n en a b ove rolling h ea p s of s to es down on them . Th o n a n o a e a n one a s h a s he o to C u t L d , ft r h vi g d muc c uld es s s o e o n hi s s o the a e a t r i t , t pp d , h ldi g w rd by bl d ; but at o en a ea san a e U who o n e th m m t p t c m p , w u d d him r T he o e e ans sev erely in the h ea d with a sp ea . th r G rm s o nt n a nd o n a a e a s ﬂed to the di m u i g thr wi g w y th ir rm ,

oo s the an s and o o s to e e se es . w d , b k , h ll w hid th m lv But the o s a nd es e a the o en e to n vict r , p ci lly w m , hurri d hu t them a nd took fitting revenge in th eir blood a nd b elong n n n o f n s . o t a a e a n een e a e o i g C u L d , t r h vi g b xch g d fr m one m a ste r t o anoth er finally fe ll into the h and s of the o of o o na hi s n a e en a nd e e n L rd B l g , i tim t fri d , th r fighti g e an o a a a ns hi s na a a ss on for n n m l ch lic lly g i t tur l p i dri ki g , ” a e n ft r a lo g tim e got w ell . At the b eginning of the 1 5th century the b and s b egan to t a k e th eir nam es from th eir comm anders and the

e sona na es sa a T he a st o an of the imp r l m di ppe r . l c mp y old so en one na e i s a o a n of the ose rt m ti d by m C mp y R , which in 1 402 a ssi sted in the d efence of B ologna against e o da a a no and a o o d i s Alb ric B rbi J c p el Verme . I t en one se e a es in e en a es and na m ti d v r l tim diff r t pl c , ﬁ lly in 1 1 0 a s a n se e o 4 t ki g rvic with L ui s of Anj ou .

5 8 T HE CO N DO T TI E RI e le cted ca pt a in of one of the pred a t ory b and s into the n sh a o e a nd in 1 6 2 en e e which E gli rmy br k up , 3 t r d e on a nd h the n ar ans and e a ns de Pi dm t , wit Hu g i G rm T h o o ha a t who va stated it . e s ldiers f w t ever n tionali y had fought under the E ngli s h flag w ere known th erefore ” n In one o nt e e e ess a an a s I glesi . p i th y w r l brut l th the o e na ona es the d id not roa st or muti l a te th r ti liti , y ei i ct i m e a s wa s at s er o t at the M r v s . P rh p it thi p i d h ro e wa s a e n ese a ana o e a o o i ncar p v rb m d , I gl it li t di v l ” ” na to the a a n e n s a n i s a n n a na e e , It li iz d E gli hm i c r t d vil , which wa s ce rt a inly in use be fore the 1 6th century ; and it i s som e conso la tion to k now th a t it wa s not so much the a ct s of the pure - bloo d ed E ngli shmen a s of the mix ed crowd of m ercena ries which had fought under the flag ’ f r it a n H w wo n which ga v e ca u se o s m ki g . a k od s compa y wa s a e the e or n s o an so a e c ll d Whit E gli h C mp y, c ll d o e e a s e s oa s a nd s n n a s fr m th ir whit fl g , whit urc t hi i g rm , t e wa s a t in o an It a nd Alber St rz e qu l wi h him c mm d . e se o se numb ered h orse a nd foot . Th y u d h r s for a ns o o on oo o e e h ene tr p rt but f ught f t , c v r d wit imp tra ble a o s o a nd a e at e s e two rm ur, with w rd d gg r th ir id ; men supp orted ea ch huge l ance a s they a dv anced in a n a o se an had two serried ph l a x with loud cri es . E ch h r m a es to oo a e his a o a nd ea ma n a e a p g l k ft r rm ur, ch c rri d s o t a e of ee n s o be se e h r l dd r thr ru g , which c uld cur ly a s ene o e e a nd not o e o n the a a e of f t d t g th r, v rt ppi g p r p t e e the w a ll could not be thrown int o the ditch . Th y c ar d nothing for the cold of wint er a nd did not go int o winter e e os the enn n s n T qu a rt ers . Wh n th y cr sed Ap i e i t o us an wa s a e a o a to n 6 es of a n a e c y it ft r f r y withi mil Mil , m d on the n a n a 1 6 en the eo e n ight Of J u ry 4 , 3 3 , wh p pl i C a stella and vill ages were k eeping N ew Yea r festivi o ties . Th ey t ok good s and ch a tt els and m a de pri soners of 600 no es a nd o a e a en o e but ro es bl , w uld h v t k m r p TH E CO N DOTT IE RI 59

m o e a e e n e a s a nd t ime fa il ed til e . S m dr gg d b hi d th m

n a s 1 0 no es o e e e a e a nd o m a y bl t g th r with th ir c ttl , th ugh ’ they were a tt a ck ed by Vi sconti s boa t s while recrossi ng the no a nd os so e i s sa a one Tici l t m , it id th t with m y fl r roi r p a id for ra nsom th ey pocke te d o ins . F ssa t says th a t H awkwood ha d a right to a sixth of the ga ins T he s of the comp a ny soon a fter j oining it . Pi ans hired them for 6 m onth s for flori ns to fight a ga inst e s a e in wa r wa s e e suc Florence . Th ir tr t gy this p rf ctly cessful and the Fl orentine gene ra l s w ere outm a noeuvred ’ n sa in the e Val d ArnO e repea tedly . At I ci upp r th y

e ea e a nd too an o a nese sone an n d f t d k R ucci F r pri r , Obt i i g ex a ct inform a tion by the exp edi ent of sending unarm ed witnesses to a duel between one of th eir k night s a nd a Fl orentine the day b efore the a s sa ult wa s given in two

es t on e Hi s so e s ﬂed to o en e . or three pl a c a c . ldi r Fl r c Th ey th en let it be k nown th a t th ey int ended to o a nd the a a the the o a . o tt ck city by P rt S Nic l , Fl orentines m a nned the w a ll s a nd a wa ited th eir a a e e a e no ose a on the a e tt ck , whil th y m rch d u pp d l g v ll y, h no s an e s a e a t the o ses ost e s oes wit mi ch c , v th h r l th ir h e s a from the ba d st a te of the roa d s . After thi s th y e t b li shed e se es a t ine for two on s a n a s th m lv Figl m th , m ki g r id a s far a s the sen n na e a o e a e o C a ti o. Fi lly th y ll w d r p rt to be spread th at on N ovemb er 1 1 th ey would pa s s under

the a s of o en e to onse a e a es a t Sa n a w ll Fl r c c cr t pri t S lvi , ra ised th eir ca mp and feigned to ta ke the roa d to o n T h Fl re ce . e spies ﬂed hot foot with the terrifying ne s and the o en nes an e e s and r e w , Fl r ti r g th ir b ll hur i d to give th em a wa rm reception or to defend th em selves at San a a n to see the ene es en the S lvi , w iti g my d c d e s of R ovezzano e the n s a n in h ight , whil E gli h , l ughi g

e s ee es a e and a a n e a nd o n a sse th ir l v , h lt d , r v gi g ﬁ ld t w , p d the an s by Chi ti and Va l di P esa sa fely to Pi sa . At thi 60 T HE CO N D OT T I E RI

city th ey beh a v ed so b adly th at the Pi s ans sent th eir wom en a w a y t o G enoa— but notwith st a nding th e ir a nger e ena es ne essa and i n an a th ey found the m rc ri c ry , J u ry , 1 6 e a new ea e for 6 on s at 3 4 , m ad tr ty with th m m th e e e e to be no o e s en a es ﬂori ns . Th r w r th r tip di ri , a nd th ey had lib erty to m a rch wh ere they plea sed out side s e t erritori es a lli ed to or prot ect ed by Pi sa . At thi tim e e so e ea e a nd 1 8 en H a wkw ood beca m th ir l l d r, till 3 7, wh

a a n of wa r to o en e he on n e to he b e ca me c pt i Fl r c , c ti u d In e e 1 6 he e so e s . e comm a nd the s a m ldi r D c mb r, 3 3 , o a of two ons a es a nd two a es 8 ha d a b dy gu rd c t bl p g , 3 An a a on o en e foot soldiers and 6 b oys . a tt ck m de Fl r c

a e o at eso e e os a o a nd e o ses f il d , th ugh Fi l , B ll gu rd Arc tri h u

w ere burnt a nd vineya rd s a nd orange ga rd ens rava ged . T he Florentine m oney prov ed a v e ry p ot ent w ea p on of e en e and on a oo and 600 of hi s men re d f c , ly H wkw d

o a a nst es a nd a to sa the m ai ned pro f g i brib f ithful Pi , N or rest t a king service with Florence for 6 month s . wa s the b a ttle of C a scina m ore successful in spit e of a a eo a a e a s urpri se of the Florentine c a mp . G l tt o M l t st

wa s ca pt a in- genera l ; hi s h orses w ere unsaddled and the men unarm ed ; he him self wa s a sleep and had t old " the b ell - ringer of the c a rrocci o th at he wa s not to ring the e n e a n e en or h b ll u d r y pr t ce e w ould kick him . T he n s a r a s e a of hi s on en en e E gli h , with b ut l di r g rd c v i c , a a e and o e n o the en es but e e en out tt ck d br k i t tr ch , w r driv

by the G enoese cross - b owmen a nd by a ﬂ a nk a tt ack led

anno ona . e s ea e wa s on e a nd by M D ti Aft r thi p c c clud d , H awkwood wa s concerned with the interna l a ffa irs of o ann ne o s Pi sa . Gi v i Ag ll u urped the lord ship a nd took

T he c a occ o wa s a n nven on o f e be chb sho o f rr i i ti H ri rt, Ar i p a n i n 1 0 1 8 a e w a ds a do e h f M d b o e c es . c ons s ed o il , ft r r pt y t r iti It i t a a ma s w two wh e enna n s a n n f om the to a nd a t ll t ith it p t h gi g r p , cruc ﬁ a wa down ﬁ ed on a c a m i t wa r. e a e s c i x h lf y , x Aft r ti ri hly

o namen ed w dev ces . was th a n a h r t ith i It e st d rd of t e army . TH E CO N DOT TI ERI 6 1

f o e of H the title o D g Pi sa . e sa id th at the Virgin ha d app ea red to him in a drea m and revea led to him th at he s a ss e the o es for a mu t um d g hip a yea r . S rd o say s th a t wh en he wa s m ade d oge he went with hi s escort to the a e a to the a a sse enuflectin C th dr l high lt r, ki d it , g g, and hea rd m a ss ; th en m ount ed the st a ll s and th ere Ser o a sso ea hi s e e on and a e the Guid S r d l cti , g v him sa cra “ en a nd he a e e offi e a e to be o e and m t , cc pt d c , I cc pt D g lord of Pi s a and Lucca a nd defender of the p eople ; “ a nd th ere he s aid m a ny oth er wi se and good word s : th a t he i nt end ed ev eryone to be ju s t and upright and do h onour t o the Sta te of Pi sa ; a nd let the b ani sh ed return ; and eve ryone wa s to p ay wh at he owed ; a nd from th en o nwa rd s th ere wa s to be no t ax on food ent er in the o n nor oans nor o s on the a e of g t w , l , c mpul i ; b rr l wine which was at 20 soldi the l oa d wa s imm edi a tely to return to 1 0 ( l) and he th ere a dm oni sh ed a nd prayed e e one to do a nd s ea e and ea one s o v ry p k w ll , ch h uld ‘ ’ think of h olding the stick upright a nd preserve hi s a e a nd os on o n e so a in sa e e wa s gr d p iti , d i g w ll th t Pi th r ” ea o a nd e n i He en ot se gr t j y f a sti g at h s c a ll . th g him lf e e e for e a nd no na e hi s sons a s hi s s es so s l ct d lif mi t d ucc r , the se on of o a nces o wa s na e Auk ud hi s c d wh m , Fr c , m d , o a e e n o n a oo e een o g df th r b i g Sir J h H wkw d, b tw wh m an a oo ot d Agnello the b ond wa s ve ry cl ose. H wkw d g a gu arantee of florins due to the comp a ny in

return for hi s supp ort in the m a tt er of the dogeship . In 1 365 he wa s defeat ed by the G erm ans ﬁghting for the

e ans but two ea s a e at Sa n o ann he o ed P rugi , y r l t r Gi v i r ut e i ans a nd enese o e e n es e s P rug Si t g th r, killi g b id n w n a o . ho h d e a e ses . o e an V a o m y h r P p Urb , xc mmu ic t d the o an es and o e a ea e a a ns e a e c mp i f rm d l gu g i t th m , c m to e o n a nd ne o the o e of s a a o a n e L gh r , Ag ll D g Pi , cc mp i d a oo at the ea of n s en to ee by H wkw d , h d k ight w t m t 62 T HE CO N D O TT I E RI him ; the P ope wa s a fra id to land a nd returned wh ence n n 1 he a e . ot e e e se was e e e e in 68 c m A h r r v r xp ri c d 3 , en he wa s a en r sone the Aretines or a e wh t k p i r by , r th r some G erma ns t n for the en o n on by ﬁgh i g m , wh g i g ’ Vi sconti s e a to e the er i an s and for o e b h lf h lp P ug , m r A th an a yea r he di sa pp ea r s . t t hi s tim e the P atri arch of u e a a e to sa a s the a of the e o Aq il i c m Pi Vic r Emp r r , a nd e an e an oa of ea om the o se oo s d m d d th f lty fr h r tr p , all of o a e sa e the n s who a st wh m g v it v E gli h , with urdy independence a nd a loya lty to th eir own King ga ve a In 6 simple promi se of ob edience . 1 3 9 H a wkw ood a gain a ea at n l e es o the s a sea of h s . a o a t e pp r S Mi i t T d c , u u l t

e a ars in s an 00 first - a e men- at imp ri l vic Tu c y, with 5 r t a s and hi s o e i s a se to the a i on of rm , f rc r i d by dd ti the e ans n e a en and e en who had e ea e G rm u d r Fl x Ri t , d f t d th a s na he was him e yea r b efore at Arezzo . At C ci nea s r se the o en nes led t en n o rly u pri d by Fl r ti , but h i t a n a s a e en e of n a oss the no mbu h by pr t c flyi g cr Ar , th e reby t a king pri soners m any knight s of r ank and me nd o h e T h s a e n a o ses e e e ea . e h r , t g th r wit th ir l d r t t b anne r wa s sent to B e rna bo Vi sconti at S a rz ana a s a l was the trophy and destruction w ent on a l round . It a o end of D e ce mb er and the E ngli sh required fires . S rd the on e es a e e e the chr icl r writ , At my pl c th y pull d o o at O ratoio o n to the o n set fire to the p rtic d w gr u d , w oodwork and burned the p oles ; th ey burne d a great ea of s o es ea s en es and oa s d l my t r , with b m , b ch cupb rd , e s ea s s oo s a nd a o es e e o b d t d , t l w rdr b , which w r w rth 2 T he o es o e a ltogeth e r m ore th a n 00 lire . L rd d tr y th m all ! In 1 372 H a wkw ood p a sse d into the service of the e na o a n o n hi s e enses a nd Church , B r b h vi g cut d w xp e i w he o s e h s a e o . a s o e e r duc d p y . G r g ry XI P p , but d I not seem to h a ve benefited much by the ch a nge . n T HE CON D OTTI ERI 63

1 he o e Gi a notto s on a n ose 373 r ut d Vi c ti , m ki g him l out of men e he e s a e f , whil c p d with di ﬁculty with a s a o of 00 an es e e all at he o m ll b dy 3 l c , which w r th c uld T he o e sent no one twi k eep t ogeth er . P p m y no th s an n hi s s es ses a e e ns ea in he t di g ucc , but l tt r i t d , which ”

e ea . was exhort ed to h ave fili a l p a tience . N xt y r S C a theri ne of Siena tri ed her h and at composing the a e s and a s of a ans and o e t o a oo qu rr l w r It li , wr t H wkw d sugges ti ng th a t he sh ould turn hi s a rm s a ga i nst the n e ea es and s ee est o e i n s es s i fid l , O d r t w t br th r Chri t J u , it would be a grea t thing if y ou could turn your a tt ention a e o a s o se a nd ons e a o es and littl t w rd y ur lf, c id r wh t tr ubl fa tigues y ou h a ve endure d in the se rvice and pay of the N ow so es es a ou s o a e the devil . my ul d ir th t y h uld t k a and the oss of s e to e e all p y cr Chri t crucifi d , g th r with o o o e s and o a n ons so a ou ma be a y ur f ll w r c mp i , th t y y comp any of Chri st t o go a ga inst the infid el d ogs who spurn our h oly pla ce wh ere our fir st grea t truth reposed ” n f a oo did a d endured dea th and p a ins or us . H wkw d not es on to her en ea es a nd in 1 the o an r p d tr ti , 375 c mp y m arch ed int o Tu scany a nd a rranged With Florence for fl orins in four p aym ent s b etween June a nd ’ e e e a s a nso for five ea s n a sse on S pt mb r r m y r immu ity, p d to Pi s a a nd agreed for florins to the c a pt a in a nd e ie enan a nd to the o an en to chi f l ut t , c mp y , th L aterina ; Arezzo wa s a pproa ched and oblige d to com o n for florins a for a o a nd ena p u d , Lucc b ut Si for not les s th a n with an a nnuity of florins settled on H awkw ood him self : so tha t in three m onth s the comp any ha d coll ect ed an a m ount of at lea st At the end Of Octobe r he returned t o the service of the Church at a s a l a ry of florins a

on a to e n o the e of' o e es es m th , p y b gi fr m middl Oct b r , b id “ w l oa s n T he a e t o n a d pay forwa rd on a ccount . prel t s 64 T HE CO N D O T TI E RI who governe d the provinces and cities of the Church e e a s o e o se t a n the e ena es T he w r c urg w r h m rc ri . ene ti ne a one e a o de a ot of on e B dic lm r Gh r rd Puy, bb M t a o e a e at e of the o e and o rn of m ggi r , r l iv P p G ve or Per a was an e a e ose a o o s o e n ugi , x mpl , wh tr ci u g v r m ent o e the to e o a s an o e of the t es f rc d city r v lt , did m y th r ci i , a nd H a wkwood wa s not a bl e to do anything a ga inst T h fortiﬁc a tions . e a bb ot with men wa s shut up i n th s e t Pe T h n e c a tl a rugi a . e citize s a greed to let him ’ retire to Ha wk wood s c a mp if he surrend ered ; on hi s a a a oo ut a a o e sa n rriv l , H wkw d p gu rd v r him , yi g “ ” n our In o eo s W e a t a . c urt u ly but ﬁrmly, w p y 1 376 he wa s given the L ord ship s of B agna a a o of o no a a nd of the a e of c v ll , C tig l , vill g

onse e on o s es a es nea o in o a na C lic , c tigu u t t r Lug R m g . He e t the o ess of o no a en a i n it to ﬁve r buil f rtr C tig l , l rg g es it s s e s o n n it new a s a ee oa tim iz , urr u di g with w ll , d p m t a nd s an st e s s in the a es s o n bulw ark . A pl ill xi t rchiv h wi g severa l s m a ll fort s and suburb s a nd a l a rge and roya l T do s he oo a a o a a e n eons . o p l c with du g thi , t k w y fr m o ann Attendolo a e of the o a s a ossess on Gi v i , f th r Sf rz , p i contiguou s to hi s own a nd imp ose d a tribut e in f avour of Giov a nni a nd hi s d escend ant s on a ll who wi shed to w e e are now no build hou ses within the ne circuit . Th r rem ains of hi s w ork at C otignol a except the w atch t ower H s en of hi s a a e a r o e a e . e p l c , b ick t w r, much cr ck d p t so much upon the fortiﬁc a tions th at he had to sell a fter o n for o ea s to o o se on o of e a a h ldi g f ur y r , Nic l , c d l rd F rr r , the only person to wh om the P ope would a llow him to a na a a o sell it a s b eing fri endly to the Church . At B g c v ll th ere i s a street still c alled Stra d a Agut a . ’ R i cotti s a cc ount of thi s p eriod i s som ewh at He sa s a a oo wa s en a e in 1 different . y th t H wkw d g g d 375 a of oe e a na e a e to a a by Willi m N ll t , C rdi l l g t , tt ck

66 T HE CON DO TTI E R I

Bretons so di sgu st ed him th a t he d et ermined t o l ea ve the w se v e of the . s e ho wa s e e e r ic Church Thi brut , l ct d e the en a na s a s e en w o . ho P p by Fr ch C rdi l Cl m t VII , but i s e one a on the a n - o es wa s mad for oo r ck d m g ti p p , bl d , a nd the a Ct ca u sed a thrill of h orror t o run through out h s o s in th n f It a ly . All t e h p e t ow s o R om agna were ose and i ne a s e e a a n e a s e a s in cl d publ c fu r l w r rr g d, w ll er a and a ll the o nes of the n P ugi c mmu Tu sca l ea gu e . w n on no C ardina l Rob ert a s comp ared by S . A t i to H erod and e o a nd a on e s a s a the eo e s a e N r , chr icl r y th t p pl c rc ly wi s hed a ft er the m a ssa cre to b elieve eith e r in P op e or a na s for ese e e n s to a e e ea e C rdi l , th w r thi g m k th m l v ” the fai th . T he s tip end which he ha d from Florence under hi s new agreem ent wa s ﬂ ori ns a month for 800 an es a nd 00 a e s a a on r n sub l c 5 rch r , h lf It ly c t ibuti g ventions a nd erna o s on a e one of hi s , B b Vi c ti g v him w e i a e a e s in a a e . s a s i n 1 ill g tim t d ught r m rri g Thi 377, H and p erh a p s m a rk s the z enith of hi s fortunes . e p a sse d n T wo ea s a e he o ne hi s h oneym oon a t Crem o a. y r ft r j i d

— hi s o e - in law o n an o who wa s se n br th r , C u t L d , rvi g on T h wo an s o B ernab oVi sc ti . e t comp i e c st him the n of i a 1 he so in florins a ea . e d s e y r At th y r, 379 , ld o a on of a o to the o ne of o en e o f rm ti pl t C mmu Fl r c , with ut en on n a n na es for florins a nd the m ti i g y m , , with next year wa s a ga in c apt a in— genera l for th a t city to Op n f e n e B r p ose the comp a y o S . G eorg u d r Alberico da a ano who o s e on the e e a of a o bi , th ught di cr ti b tt r p rt v l ur wh en he found he wa s t o be opposed by so fa m ou s a he ha d fl rins a n d 200 ea e . s e o an l d r Thi tim o m th , In 1 1 h w f n n l a nces . 3 8 e a s tired o bei g a la d ed propriet or a nd es ne a ll hi s es a es e e t he a s on of Sezada r ig d t t xc pt b ti , ’ t h s o t e M a rqui s d E ste for a sum of gold duca t . He wa s given grea t er advant ages tha n a ny C ondottiere THE CO N DOT TI ERI 67

h d to a t e n n ten er n ha d a e . on ll up th t im , i cludi g p c t a which wa s ga m e d in war by the stipendi a ri es of t he com w s hi r mune unde r hi s c omm a nd . It a a l so s ofﬁce to p o e for n e na e a e a nd in s a n e of s d he vid i t r l p c , pur u c thi uty o n the e e on of 1 82 en the a a n of the put d w r b lli 3 , wh c pt i peopl e threw a way hi s bat on a nd s a id th a t he resigned hi s e a e o of se i e the e h r O e . o e e fﬁc Aft r p ri d rv c with P p , turned to Florence a nd ga ined a grea t victory at Ca s

ta naro e een a a a nd erona n n a nd a n g , b tw P du V , thi ki g cti g f o n a s the o o o ea 0 e old. with vig ur y uth , th ugh rly 7 y r

T he o os n o e wa s ea e an hi s own pp i g f rc much gr t r th , but a e two o s of in i n 1 6 men e e e ft r h ur ﬁght g which 7 w r kill d, f n n he defea t ed a force o t a ki g pri so er s . s wa s in 8 and o a e he no on e an e Thi I 3 7, fr m th t tim l g r r k d as a n n i s on o e e “ a s a a n of wa r t o the E gl h C d tti r , but c pt i lorentines a s i s s o n a a an of e e e 1 8 F , h w by w rr t S pt mb r , “ in which he i s ca lled form erly c apt a in of the E ngli s h o n H e e ﬂorin n nn a nd a . e e s a s a a C mp y r c iv d uity , o e for the new on a i e the ete ans of m r c tr ct , wh l v r th n t ix the White C omp any were di sper sed . For e ex s

month s hi s pay wa s 500 ﬂ ori ns a m onth . A l a ter c on o a for the sa e a o n for se n e a nd d tt m m u t him lf, i clud d civil

na e es o e hi s men a nd the to be di s crimi l privil g v r , right w en mi sse d within 1 5 da ys if he re quired it . Thi s a s wh the grea t s truggle with Gi a n G a l ea zzo Vi s conti com

mence in 1 He ha d a o o dal e e Fa cino d 0. , 39 J c p V rm , ane a nd a os a ll the o e no e ea e s e e C , lm t th r t d l d r xc pt w e io e e a oo . T he s a e a s at a sa H wkw d ﬁr t b ttl C l cch , wh r

i n on n on o ann da a a no he dal c ju cti with Gi v i B rbi , put e e to a n sone Fa cino ane An helino V rm ﬂight , t ki g pri r C , g d In his e e a a a 0 men at a s and 2 20 o ses . P dul , 5 rm , h r c l brated e ea o the a a os s the e he one r tr t fr m Add cr Adig , e en n a an one hi s a ea n the a nne s e v i g b d d c mp , l vi g b r ti d to the o s of ees a nd e n the e e s to so n t p tr , t lli g trump t r u d 68 THE CON D OTT I E RI

the e e e a and en to ors r v ill till d ylight , th f ak e the b anners a nd o a o e s ness a nd so ot a a . g b ut th ir bu i , g w y Wh en the w ea ry s oldiers threw them selve s d own to s leep th ey w ere w a k ened by the noi se of w a t ers which threa tened to o n e for the s ont had o en o n the em dr w th m, Vi c i br k d w ba nk ments of the Adige so a s to s ubm erge the pl a in i n which the l ea gued a rmies had pitche d th eir ca mp for e H a hi s e a es . e e s a a o n and o the v r l mil m d c v lry m u t, t ld oo so e s to e n e a nd n to ﬁnd f t ldi r climb b hi d th m , tryi g the ford s by the t op s of trees which em erge d from the a e he s a e the eate a t of hi s men ea n at w t r v d gr r p r , r chi g l a st a p oint wh ere the w a ter wa s not d eep er th a n the

f H t e e a n b ellies o the h orses . e rav ll d ten miles in thi s m ner a nd s ee e in oss n th e t ucc d d cr i g e riv r b elow he brea ch . T he ne ea dal e e ar e the wa r nto s a n xt y r V rm c ri d i Tu c y, n ea wa s on e in 1 2 a d e e a . a p c c clud d F bru ry, 39 H wk ’ wood s la st expe diti on Wa s to brea k up a b riga nd p arty f h n e o di sb anded soldiers in t e cou try rul d by B ologna .

Th ey were s o a fra id of him th a t they over - rode th e ir o ses in es a n a nd e a n e of e the h r c pi g, l ft umb r th m by wa T he a a a n wa s seen to be e an e y . Add c mp ig v ry d g r ous a nd the a ee en wa s e e a o a e a nd o e , gr m t v ry l b r t pr vid d T h no a ee to e e e for contingencies . e Sig ry gr d r c iv him ” a s e e a en to the o ne a nd its a a n of p rp tu l fri d c mmu , c pt i w r at e s es the o florins of ens on con a . Th b id g ld p i e e s n e 1 he s a n his e e e e an a nn a c d d i c 375 , h ll duri g lif r c iv u l ens on of o fl orins the s ea to e n p i g ld , fir t y r b gi with he Ma 1 1 2 to be a e e ee ont s . a to t y , 39 , p id v ry thr m h Th t first three d aughters whom Sir J ohn at present a cknow

e es ane a e ne and nna s a be en a s l dg (J t , C th ri , A ) , h ll giv portions wh en they m arry or sh a ll be of m a rri a geable age nd en o n ﬂorins of o ea . a g ld ch If, wh Sir J h

es hi s o the a onn na s a a e a ens on of di , wid w , l dy D i h ll h v p i gold florins a s l ong a s she i s a wid ow a nd rem a ins TH E CONDOTTI E RI 69 in the s r t or o n of o en e in ono of city, di t ic , c u try Fl r c , h ur the memory of th a t noble and bra ve ma n her hu sb a nd ;

' a nd a the sa o n hi s sons a n th t id Sir j h , with d descend a n s in the a e ne o n or et to be o n s a en o t m l li , b r , y b r , h ll j y the e e of o en ne ens and s a on b privil g Fl r ti citiz hip , h ll ly e excluded from the power and a bility of h olding ofﬁce in ” the o ne r c mmu o city . He lived during the l a st yea rs of hi s life principa lly at

the a s e of on e o es on et een a s one c tl M t cchi V p i , b w C tigli o en no a nd o t ona e s e in the 1 1 th cen Fi r ti C r , which xi t d a nd was en a e in the 1 th a nd it wa s e e tury, l rg d 3 , h r th a t

the n ent o e e a e a e t T wo an s i cid ccurr d r l t d by S cch t i , Fr ci cans met him with the u su a l sa luta tions of P ea ce be with ’ ‘ ’ T he a t a ou. o o s G od a e a o r a s. y wh m id , k w y y u lm And the two a s tene sa ons no e do fri r frigh d id , M ig r , why y ou say th a t to us ! Gi ovanni answered And why do ‘ ou sa at t o me ! T he a s sa W e o t we y y th fri r id, th ugh n ’ A e e s ea e . nd esse o ann ans e e w r p ki g w ll M r Gi v i w r d, How c an y ou think it well to com e t o me and s ay may ’ God m a k e y ou die of hunger ! D on t y ou know th a t I e wa r and a ea e o n ome ! And a s I liv by , th t p c w uld u d ’ e w r I 1 h liv by a so do y ou live by a lm s . n 394 e wi sh ed to e n to n a n a nd a a n e the o n of r tur E gl d , rr g d with C u cil the C ommune to sell hi s p ensions and properties to th em

for o ﬂorins a e a e a nd the es g ld , p id imm di t ly r t in ee or ons at 8 a nd 1 2 on s es e e thr p ti , 4 , , m th r p ctiv ly T he Signory a lso a ppropria ted gold flori ns to pur ch a se the obj e ct s with which they think w ell to h onour o n and hi s son a o n t o the e a nd ma Sir j h , cc rdi g cr dit g ” niﬁcen e f s te on a c o the o ne . e a a c mmu Fiv d y l r , M rch 1 he s T h o e to a s o e of a o e . e s 7th , uccumb d tr k p pl xy pri r elected a commi ssion of citizens to order and provide s en o e th e f h en e s es . e s s o t e a pl did b qui All pri t city tt d d , n i meeti g n 5 . Mari a del Fiore ; the ca t a fa lque wa s gor 70 T HE CO N D OTTI E RI geons ; the ch oir a nd other p a rt s of the church were full of e to es a nd a ll the e s a n out a ea ea . light d rch , b ll r g d th p l T he no o e an so e a esse s for hi s son Sig ry pr vid d h d m bl ck dr ,

e and a h e s a nd all the n e o s o se o . wif , d ug t r , um r u h u h ld T he e e a e of son e e and bi r, with v ry rich dr p ry crim , v lv t , o was st a e on the a a e a no a e e g ld , ﬁr pl c d Pi zz d ll Sig ri , wh r the funera l procession form ed to which a ll the m a gi stra tes T h no en 1 w contribut ed . e Sig ry s t 00 ax t orch es; a

anne the a s of the o ne a no e ose b r with rm c mmu , th r with th of the eo e a s an a the a s of the o ne p pl , t d rd with rm c mmu , a nd the s e s e e to a e a n n a nd a e e hi ld th r pp rt i i g , h lm t with a o en on h a i n hi s a as e T g ld li wit lily cl w a cr st . he a a ns of the e a on sen 20 wax o es a C pt i Gu lph f cti t t rch , ennon the e a s a nd a e e the sa e p with Gu lph rm , h lm t with m T he f h e an en 20 design a s a crest . Six o t e M rc zia s t wax o e s and o eo e a en e emse e s o e e t rch , m r v r tt d d th lv , t g th r e h the ons s ofthe the a e s . o s wit c ul Arti , tr d guild S ldi r ’ of Hawk wood s lances with 1 4 c a p a ri sone d h orses ca rried six a s and e nnons hi s a s o f e e hi s e ﬂ g p with rm , f r d by wif and a hi s e e its e s a nd the ennon f mily , h lm t with cr t p with T he e wa s a se the a his s o and s e . h rpy, w rd hi ld bi r r i d by the a a e s of o en e none of o e e s s n a s c v li r Fl r c , wh m w r mi i g,

it wa s to do ono to s a n s o s o a e a nd h ur uch illu tri u c mr d , wa s wa s c a rrie d to fetch the c orp se from wh e re it lay . It

he o en e o e in o of o a nd the a a l a id on t p bi r r b d cl th g ld , c v nn the a s e a nd a e to . o a lier s c a rri ed it S Gi v i ( b pti t ry) , pl c d ” h o a s a on o e e o of it on t e h ly b pti m l f t , c v r d with cl th e e a oo wa s e for the o en i n gold . H r H wkw d w pt by w m

f a ea o for a ll the s o s o f the presence o gr t cr wd , h p h o se wa s e ose on the Florence w ere closed . T e c rp xp d

e s o n e 0 wax o es a a n s o wa s bi r, urr u d d by 3 t rch ; dr w w rd

on th ea s and the a on of o an in the a n . l aid e br t , b t c mm d h d w en a e n o the o o a nd a e T he bier a s th c rri d i t Du m , pl c d n th a a a e th e e e the ofﬁce a nd a u der e c t f lqu , e cl rgy r cit d oh Ha wk woo o t he e a U h Sir ! n d . (fr m M m o ri l Fre sco by Pa o l o ccell o in t e a e a o e C th dr l , Fl renc ) .

72 T H E CO N DOTTI E RI

hospit a l wa s endowed by hi s will in order to atone for a n s ns he t a e o te in hi s e en y i migh h v c mmit d v tful life . He e t t ee a te s— a net who a e in 1 2 l f hr d ugh r J , m rri d 39

Breza lia son of o n o o o or a in E n e at g , C u t L d vic di P ci ri l , one e ae or a nd a a n of the eo e at o o na tim pr t c pt i p pl B l g , ne o esta of e a a a nd en a a n of the eo e xt P d F rr r , th c pt i p pl in o en e a er ne who a e i n an a 1 the Fl r c C th i , m rri d J u ry , 39 3 , e a n on a Pros er h who wa s n e a G rm C r d p g , k ight d by H wk ’ wood during the retrea t on the Oglio (the bride s dress

— wa s o e her o e a t the os of her son- i n Za w pr vid d by m th r c t , not a oo a nd a who a e o by H wkw d) , third m rri d Ambr i uolo e o e a o e a e e of the ea g di Pi r d ll T rr , m mb r gr t n He e so on i n a a he wa s Mila ese fa mily. liv d l g It ly th t a a an a an and of o se s o e a a n er pr ctic lly It li , , c ur , p k It li p fectl o he not n e s an a n i s y , th ugh did u d r t d L ti , which o e a a se at the end of a on a ma e in 1 8 pr v d by cl u c tr ct d 3 5 , “ an a ea o s on s a s T he eno of with Gi G l zz Vi c ti , which y , t r the cl a u ses written h erein ha s b een rea d and vulga riz ed in the comm on t ongue to the full und erst a nding of Sir ” J ohn. AL B ERI CO AND G IOVANN I DA BARB IANO .

THE organi ser of the It a li a n soldie ry to repla ce the foreign m ercena ries who had deva st ated It a ly for so m any ea s wa s e o a n e o da a a no o n of y r Alb ric di M fr d B rbi , C u t ” neo and a ano a e Il an e who a se a Cu B rbi , c ll d G r d , r i d n b e a n th a n e th t . e o o e . a a e d e b r with m tt , Lib r I l xt r by union of riva l fa cti ons opened a new fi eld to the p rowess H e h nd and hopes of all . e ha s been c a ll d t e tru e light a ” s o of the ta an t a i n the 1 th ent a nd fir t gl ry I li mili i , 4 c ury, hi s brother Giova nni di R a iniero da B a rbi ano wa s known “ ” as the n e o of war o hi s a a t a nd thu d rb lt , fr m ud ci y quick n T h a ea in h a n s of es s in fight . e l tter first a pp rs t e ccou t o o na in 1 8 a s a o o a of five an es and to B l g 37 , c rp r l l c , up 1 383 he i s found with C ount Frances co who comm a nde d 8 h orse and four p a ck h orses at 1 1 0 fl orins of gold ea ch on a nd o n na o en a e Ghirarda cci m th , with C u t Ri ld , g g d by ,

' In a s a o e of o ann o o a of ten an es . b t rd br th r Gi v i , c rp r l l c 1 381 the city of B ologna sp ent i n m a int a ining foot sol e s 1 60o e for o se so e s a nd di r 57, lir , h r ldi r f s wa a or munitions of war and a rtillery . Thi s yea r of

- 73 74 T H E CON D OT TI E RI

ea e in w a r- e the e ense wa s re e In p c , tim xp much g a t r . 1 3 89 it wa s de cid ed th a t four denari fro m e a ch lira pa id by the treasurer on a ccount of the c ommune sh ould go t o the n of n o o . e o ann da a an n h buildi g S P tr i , Gi v i B rbi o a d t e o e e o é s of the o ne o este on the o n th r mpl y c mmu pr t d , gr u d th a t their enga gem ent s b eing pri or to the co mm encem ent

of the ea o not be affe e a nd e o es wa s y r c uld ct d , th ir pr t t recognized a s a ju st one Sub sequ ently hi s cond otta

s wa s ra i se d to 200 l ance . a nd in 1 39 1 he fought nea r a a a a nst a ea o s on s for the o o nese P du g i G l zz Vi c ti , till B l g , o h e wh m e l ft somewh a t la t e r . His end wa s tr a gic ; he w a s b eh eade d i n S ept emb e r 1 399 by the sa me B olognese wh om he ha d s erved for so a n ea s in o a n a er a n Sba ndezzato da m y y r , c mp y with c t i n o so e onne on who had se e s n e Cu i , m c cti rv d with him i c 1 382 a nd wa s mix ed up in the di sgra ceful transa ctions Hi which fina lly brought th em b oth to the s caffold . s on o a e n n s e in 1 he e rne to hi s os c d tt b i g fi i h d 39 5 , r tu d p n At the ns a on of one sessions in Rom a g a. i tig ti Sim di o of o o a he o se o a s of . G o n o S i rgi , B l g , pr mi d Nic l , M rqui e a a t o o hi s e a on a nd e who en e F rr r , kill Azz , r l ti h ir, th liv d a t a ano for a e a of flori ns of o and B rbi , r w rd g ld ’ " e nd onse e the counters gn of the ca stl s of Lugo a C lic . A a son of o ann na e onse e who en e hi s b st a rd Gi v i m d C lic , d d

e on the a o s i n o o na a e e o e hi s a e lif g ll w B l g littl b f r f th r, a rra nged the commi ss ion of the crim e by sub stituting a se an of hi s na me e o for the a s o rv t , d C rv , M rqui Azz , T he n o na e wa s wh om he much resembled . u f rtu t victim ’ en a a o s e the cl oth ed in Azzo s cloth es and th b rb r u ly kill d ,

a s o n to one . o o b ody b ei ng a fterw rd sh w Sim di S Gi rgi , of the a ssa ss na on who e o n n the the i nstiga t or i ti , , r c g izi g

n s ns we e u su a a b o en meda ha o f w c T he co u ter ig r lly r k l , lf hi h rema i ned i n the h a nd s of the p ri nce a nd ha lf with the C a stell a n wn o n or c hi ef o f the a rmy ; sometimes a devi ce o r na me k no ly n T h a s e a ns a nd c e s o f a m we e to pri nc e a nd C a stell a . e C t ll hi f r y r n obliged to obey tho se who ga ve the countersig . TH E CON D OTTI ERI 75

o se a s a of o n e oo to sen the ne s to the c rp th t Azz , u d rt k d w a s o oi n e a a a nd t o an o e the o n e M rqui Nic l F rr r , h d v r c u t r sign for the possessi on of the promi sed c a stles to C ount th e e w n o a nn . e a s soo s o e e en the Gi v i But d c it di c v r d , wh peopl e wh om the M arqui s of F erra r a sent to Lugo to ’ receiv e hi s rel a ti on s b ody were att a ck ed by those of o led sa s o the s ose ea man Azz , , y Ric tti , by upp d d d him se who n in e n e a e e an of e lf, ﬁ d g th m u pr p r d , kill d m y th m n i n no T he n n on a nd t ook m a y pr so ers to B a rbia . i dig ati

s ee a o s e w a s eno mo s o a a ns which thi d d r u d r u , b th g i t G iov a nni and Azzo ( l) ag ainst wh om the a rm s of Nicolo e e ne e e the o o ne se the o en nes w r tur d , h lp d by B l g , Fl r ti , a nd s o e a n e i who a e a e on the Po A t rr M fr d , g v him b ttl , z the bea t him a nd t ook him pri sone r to F a en a . Why ma n who had e sca ped the sna re set for him s h ould h a v e rou sed s uch i ndigna ti on a ga inst him self one sca rcely n e s an s n ess he wa s s ose to a e een u d r t d , u l upp d h v b privy t o the o or ha d s a o n e e e a on pl t , di pp i t d public xp ct ti by esca ping ! C ount Giov a nni found it b es t to lea ve hi s c astles in R om a gna a nd t ak e s ervice with the Vi sconti for a e e e hi s o e e w a s a e a a t tim , wh r br th r Alb ric lr dy, but the end of 1 39 8 he wa s in the service of B ol ogna a ga i n f n r w n t o hi s a e to s o a or a m o th o t o . Owi g f ilur upp rt plot a gai nst the rul er s of the city the cdnspirators ha d to few on s a e he a sse nea go into exile . A m th ft r p d r o o na 600 o se o n and s a n in the B l g with h r , r bbi g cki g o n e e he a ea e so e en e o en who ha d c u try, wh r m ltr t d m g tl w m ﬂed o the for ea of the a e a nd s e fr m city f r pl gu , thi ﬁll d

— in h T he o o nese hi s of e o to t e . cup vil d g brim B l g , with the people of the M a rqui s of F erra ra s urpri sed him nea r no a a nd oo sone se e a of hi s Vig l , t k him pri r with v r l e a on e e e s in the o e of the r l ti s . Th y w r hut up t w r

' n an e e one e of s ness and the others were A zi i , wh r di d ick , e e e e e i n the xecut ed sh ortly a fter . Th y w r buri d church e o a oa e o o na to e a n . of S . Fra cesco Alb ric ppr ch d B l g x ct 76 T HE CON D OTT I E RI

’ s a s a on for hi s o e s ea but wa s s a s e a ti f cti br th r d th , ti fi d by e o of the eo e who e ose the n an the a s r v lt p pl ; d p d A zi i , m gi a es who had e e e s e on a an f ffi tr t x cut d ju tic b d o ru a ns . ’ Alberi co s name a pp ea rs for the first tim e in connection ’ w w n eo i n 1 0 he with Ha k ood s C omp a y of S . G rge 37 ; wa s en 2 8 ears old a nd had o an of 200 an e s th y , c mm d l c ; but hi s great fa m e b ega n with the dest ruction of C esena in 1 of a on e es O ne a nno r e 377, which chr icl r writ , c t w it th fully e grea t crue lties which th ey committe d th ere . N e ro never did such a deed ; the p eople sca rcely wi shed to e e e e e in o e or a na s for es e e e b li v ith r P p C rdi l , th w r ” n H w i thi gs to m a ke th em lea ve the fa ith . e a s th en n the ser i e of the a nd a e n e the o e s of v c church , ct d u d r rd r o e t o n of ene a a na est of the o e of R b r , C u t G v , C rdi l pri rd r “ ” the o os es who wa s so e e a e e e e H ly Ap tl , m tim ft r l ct d

Antipope . He fought a gainst the soldiers of the Anti n o e e en at a o i 2 8 a nd on e e . p p C l m t M ri (Apr l , c qu r d Thi s wa s the ﬁrst time th a t an It a li a n C ond ottiere ha d ea en ose o e on the s a nd so e sa at b t th fr m b y d Alp , m y th ’ o e an a s a e a for l er s a o a e P p Urb , r w rd A b ic v l ur, m d him a n a nd a e hi s ene on a nd a s an a k ight , g v him b dicti t d rd on wa s a red oss a nd the ns r t on a a up which cr i c ip i , It li ’ ” e a a da a a o o e s s a a the s a n a lib r t b rb ri , th ugh th r y th t t d rd w e s e on a s gi ven b efore the b a ttl e. N everth el s a twelv m th l a ter he wa s at the h ead of foreign troop s to ﬁght a g ainst

In 1 2 h wa s a sone at on e It ali a n citi es . 39 e m d e pri r M t C orvino with hi s neph ew Oth o of Brunswick a nd seven o o a s the e of enos a who wa s n for c rp r l , by Duk V , ﬁghti g n H wa o e the tor the littl e Ki g L a di sl as . e s blig d by

e of s ee essness t o a nso se for ﬂori ns tur l pl r m him lf , besid es promi sing not to wa r in the kingd om for ten T h s on a the anso and a e years . e Vi c ti p id r m m d him

- e e e e o c apt a in genera l with 1 00 l ances . Th r w r f ur C ount s of B arbi ano in the pay of the B olognese at thi s TH E CON DOTTI ERI

e who so es e to on e e a s e h tim , much d ir d c qu r th ir c tl th a t t e

C ouncil - gene ra l decreed the t a king of a loa n of “ lire to pay the m ercena ri es i n those p estiferou s Ba r a n a s to s a e to the o e a nd o n on of bi i w r , ubjug t p w r d mi i ” o o na the s a a s e of a a no a nd its n a B l g id c tl B rbi i h bit ant s . In 1 385 Giovanni d egli Uba ldini with the C ount s of

a ano a nd o e s o e . os e o a o ess B rbi th r ccupi d S Pr p r , f rtr built the o o nese nea a enza and the a wa s so by B l g r F , militi di scomﬁted a the na a s a s T he es much th t Cro c y , b t ” a rm s th a t th ey had were s purs . This m a de the people

a the a s e wa s a en a nd e a en a nd wa s l ugh , but c tl t k r t k , es e ed o n an o who wa s o n to be in com b i g by C u t L d , f u d muni ca tion a a no a nd wa s e e o e a n e with B rbi , th r f r p i t d h eel s upwa rd a s a tra itor in t he u su a l m a nner wh en th ey n t s e 1 86 a e wa s c ould o c a tch him . At thi tim ( 3 ) rtill ry sed the oo e o n the a en s to the so e u , b k r c rdi g p ym t ldi ry n T h w o e nd e a nd s e s . e a s e a s es a till xi ti g c tl r t r d, Alb ric Gi ovanni ca m e to B ol ogna to swea r h om age to the o e n en esen n a s e ea ea in us on G v r m t , pr ti g ickl ch y r Aug t th i In 1 0 he wa s en a e a o o e . e Vig l of S . B rth l m w 39 g g d for a of the ea o en e a nd for a o o na p rt y r by Fl r c , p rt by B l g in on n on i a oo a e se n the c ju cti w th H wkw d, ft r rvi g s on for a e e ne t o the o o nese a t a Vi c ti tim , but r tur d B l g

sa a n 1 01 en o a nn en o o a e high l ry u til 4 , wh Gi v i B tiv gli m d him self l ord of the city and da ma ged the B a rbi ano e e o e o o e prop erty in sev era l w ays . Th r f re Alb ric v w d vengeance a nd plot s we re l a id with the exiles who met a t e a n o ann an e of on e e ona . V r A c rt i Gi v i di S t , M t

a a a in the o n of o a wa s sen er o B tt gli , c u try Im l , t by Alb ic

to o o na e e s t o the ene es of the Bentivo li . B l g , with l tt r mi g He en s to an a e e he esse a s a e w t ﬁr t M tu , wh r dr d h rmit , del on e en to o o na to the on en of . a a th B l g , c v t S M ri M t Ma molo o he wa s to e e the o s e . ut id S , fr m which d liv r He had six a s for hi s lett ers and w ait a nswers. duc t 78 T HE C ON D OTT I E RI

‘ d uise and 1 00 a s for the an e s of the s s on n duc t d g r mi i ,

‘ a nd wa sto h a ve had 1 0 duca t s a month for the rest of hi s life ; not extra v a g a nt pay consid ering the d a nge r which he ran for he wa s e a e a nd e e e on a n a , b tr y d x cut d J u ry T h w f 1 8th 1 02 . e an a s or e to o e n o th , 4 pl Alb ric c m i t e country a nd with the h elp of th ose fa ithful to him t a ke p os session of a ga t e ; entering with hi s s qu a drons he wa s ne to a e ossess on of the Benti vo li a a e a nd xt t k p i g p l c , o e o the o e n en n ll wh a o o ose . v rthr w G v r m t , killi g pp d Thi s plot fa iling a ﬁne a rmy a pproa ch ed B ologna on the a of a ea o s on a a ne e o a o o p rt G l zz Vi c ti, c pt i d by A lb ric , J c p da l e e a nd o e eno ne ea e s . anne V rm , th r r w d l d r N G ozzadini o o e a s a o ss a a nd o f ll w d duc l c mmi ry , Guid a ea o e o a nd an e es a o an e s G l zz P p li , m y xil cc mp i d it . Thi w e n a s at the b eginni ng of 1 402 . S ev ra l t ow s w ere t a k en a n o en en t e d oth ers rev olte d . F l r ce s t to h elp h Benti vo li a ons e a e o e n n e na of g c id r bl f rc , i cludi g B r rd a s on h o se a nd an oo and a o o G c y wit h r m y f t , Gi c m e T he o an f h N o e o of a a 00 o s . o t e v ll , P du , with 7 h r C mp y ose of 00 a n es n e a n e o e a of R 3 l c u d r M rti Criv lli , f rm d p rt

O n the s of a the eo e of as e o . the h ost . ﬁr t M rch p pl C t ll S o ann in e s e o a e to a e o ann Gi v i P r ic t , c ll d p rl y by Gi v i en o o e e n o a s n hi s o se B tiv gli , r pli d by ﬁri g b mb rd , killi g h r h n n e a nd a so a a a n o one . So e se u d r him , l C pt i Sc rpi t o a of o no a a o o da a a a La ncelotto Sf rz C tig l , Gi c m C rr r , an the o an of the ose to n s e B e cca ri a d C mp y R pu i h th m , ” e the ea ons a e e o an o o whil G r t C t bl Alb ric , P d lf

a a es a a nd a no a ne en to e a ss s an e . M l t t , F ci C w t th ir i t c o n to Ga ta ro the a a ns a a e ea o e and Acc rdi g , c pt i tt ck d ch th r o a a e Alb e ric ha d two h orses killed u nd e r him . Sf rz m d ’ Pa no hi s men di smount and st a b the enemies h orses . ci

a ne see n s the sa e and e o on oo C , i g thi , did m , th y f ught f t

a e e en n en e o a nd a no a ne en e e till l t v i g, wh Alb ric F ci C t r d o a nn and o a a nd a o o da a a a e . C a st l S Gi v i , Sf rz Gi c m C rr r

80 T HE CON D OTTI E R I

e a n en en s er o who wa s aste of th ir ci t fri d hip , but Alb ic , m r the wa s e e ne a he s o die t o e en e city d t rmi d th t h uld , r v g se for the ama e one to hi s ossess ons so w him lf d g d p i , ith oth er exiles t ook him from pri son a nd led him to the pi a zz a wh ere he wa s b a rb a rou sly killed by the furi ou s eo e ans e o e an 0 o n s a o e p pl , tr ﬁx d with m r th 4 w u d by br th r of N co oda Sa n e o and of a no G ozza dini a nd a i l Pi tr C rli , or a no a a e for a es off an ea r o the o Fl i , b rb r, j t cut fr m b dy , Hi sa ying th a t he w ant ed to m a k e a st eak of it . s body w f r o e a s a r e t o . a o o o a e e all da e c r i d S Gi c m buri l, wh r y p pl n the n t f n h n e o e to s ee it . O o e 2 8t e ﬂ ck d igh Ju , B t B entiv oglio and Gi ov anni I sol ani with som e fri end s got na o n a ossess on of the a e of . o e d p i g t S D t , by which xt y the eo e of the e of an en e e who ran to the p pl Duk Mil t r d , a a r n a a ea o no e o o na occu pi zz c yi g Viv G l zz , Sig r di B l g , In pi ed the p a l a ce a nd d ep osed the Anzi a ni . thi s tumult “ ” C ount Alberic wip ed out the briga d e of the Rose who o e in the e o n in Vi e n e e e a a a . t a o w r l dg d Alb rg d ll Lu S S f , b eca u se th ey had surpri sed and m ade pri soner at Vignol a hi T he n th n e s neph ew Giov anni . ext day e c apt ai s wrot to e a ea o anno n n e en r and the o f Duk G l zz u ci g th ir t y, cry the a t o the ens had es on e and on rmy, which citiz r p d d , 1 0 a o n of the eo e wa s e i n the July , c u cil p pl h ld which e of a n wa s a e o o o n dal Duk Mil h il d l rd , f ll wi g which Verm e t ook possessi on of the city in the na m e of the

Vi sconti .

O n the ea of a ea o s on a o a a es a d th G l zz Vi c ti , C rl M l t t

ea e the o the e a e a a ssa e tr t d with church , thr ugh l g t B ld r ossa a nd a ea of ust 2 o o na e a C , by tr ty Aug 5 , B l g , P rugi , n o e ha on a d th er cities were ced ed to it . Alb rico d c e e n e o s a s e a in o a na a nd wa s qu r d um r u C t ll R m g , es e n aen a en s o e a n e en e e n o b i gi g F z , wh A t rr M fr di t r d i t negoti ati ons with the Florentines to sell it for ﬂorins ra ther th a n let it fa ll into the h a nd s of hi s Ba k f a e a nd T o we o f the z a Bo o a . c o the Cit d l r An i ni . l gn

To fa ce 80 .

THE CON DOT TI E RI

ne o a e ene . ossa o e e a an e i x r bl my C , h w v r, rr g d with Gi an ’ a ea o Astorre s son who was i n a e to let th G l zz , , ch rg e church h a ve it for ten yea rs a t ﬂori ns p er annum he ne e ot e in o e at no n e (which v r g , but liv d p v rty Urbi , u d r n f i a n the protectio o h s rel tio C a rlo M a la t est a) . C ossa and Albericodi sputed over the oth er C a st ell a a nd the os of the war and in 1 0 os sa e a e a s o e n c t , 4 4 C xtr ct d l m promi se from Alberico not ever to do a nything to the a a e of the a o se wa s d m g church, pr mi which e on for the ea a e ossa ha d not k pt l g, y r ft r C an ca r oa s of a n o n to o o na a nd m y l d gr i c mi g B l g , e o o n e he a s n for aenza and a s e Alb ric imp u d d t m, ki g F C t l T he o n wa s s one nd war e o in e n. a S . Pi tr r tur c u cil umm d

wa s e a e oss a en off to a s e . e o a s d b t d, but C w t C t l S Pi tr

a a o e o e an e to be on e in the a mb ss d r . Alb ric d m d d c ﬁrm d possession of a numb er of pl a ces and to be given e e e s i s n a of a s . ossa e e es a e a duc t C r j ct d th t rm , r d rmy men and n a e hi s o n on a so a n n an , i v d d d mi i , l l u chi g

As ossa wa s o e suc excommunica tion a ga inst him . C m r cessful an he e i o e e ne to a e ea e a nd th , Alb r c d t rmi d m k p c , en to a es e e a s a s had e a e war a ains w t N pl , wh r L di l d cl r d g t the o e ea n e e n in the a n s ofhi s son Man P p , l vi g v rythi g h d In 1 0 he a to the on nes of the a h of fred . 4 9 c me c ﬁ M rc n ona the a of a s a s e a s o n to ﬁnd A c with rmy L di l , p rh p h pi g a n o o ni of e en e on hi s a a a ssa e ossa pp rtu ty r v g riv l B ld r C , a n he e e to e ia e e he e na e but f lli g ill, r tir d P rug , wh r t rmi t d hi s s o e a t a s e o e a e e on ri 26th t rmy lif C t ll d ll Pi v , Ap l , 1 0 oss a who wa s a e a s o n I of o se 4 9 . C , ft rw rd J h XXI I , c ur ” en s s th po se sed him self of m ost of hi s C a st ella . Albe rico da B a rbiano wa s ancest or of the Mil anese o se of B l i the ea a a ns of the e o h u e g oso. All gr t c pt i p ri d e e o e in hi n w r f rm d s ra k s . FAC IN O CAN E .

THE family of C ane wa s inscrib ed in the orde r of knight s o en e e a t P avi a . Fr m th c th ey r m oved t o C a sa le di on e a o and en e an to se to os e e M f rr t , th b g ri pr p rity . Th y e a e o s of e e a nd of os na no a s e a on b c m l rd C ll R ig , C t ll the s of on e a o and in 1 2 1 8 ee e e s of the hill M f rr t , thr m mb r

a o a ss ne o on the Po s o e ens to f mily , fr m Fr i t , w r citiz hip T h n e f e a r o e e . e am s o o s e e o e the s V rc lli th r r c rd d , but m t e e a e of the a wa s on a o a e Pa no c l br t d f mily B if ci , c ll d ci , w a no ho was o n a o 1 60 i n the o o of . b r b ut 3 B rg S M rti , ’ e e in an a or a sa e hi s a e s na e e n ith r S thi C l , f th r m b i g n i o n f hi s o n he E m anu el . N othi g s kn w o y uth u til a pp ea rs at the h ead of a comp any a ga inst C a rlo of the e eat of e sa he Dur a zzo in 1 381 . Aft er d f Av r i s o n on the o e s e und er a o a f u d th r id C rl , ch a nge of front which wa s not i nfrequent with

H wa n e o of C ond ottieri a fter defeat . e s u d r Oth ns a nd en the a e wa s a en sone wa s B ru wick , wh l tt r t k pri r

o a e a a n the so e s o o n 2 1 ea s pr cl im d c pt i by ldi r , th ugh ly y r

82 THE COND OTT I ERI

In 1 8 he e ne to o a a nd en e h old. 3 5 r tur d N rth It ly t red t e

service of the Scaligers . At thi s time a n unfortuna te c am e to him a nd compl ained th a t one of hi s soldi ers had s e t o hi s s Pa no no n hi s men tripp d him hirt ; ci , k wi g , replied consolingly th a t he w ondered th a t he had left him even th a t ! T a ken with hi s broth er Filippo a t the a e of Brentelle i n 1 86 an es o di ar a a o b ttl , 3 , by Fr c c C r r , l rd of a a he oo se e i the on o a of the P du , t k rvic w th him , c d tt ' two brother s b eing 1 00 l ances and the p ay 6 duca t s a

' a n e s o n a e month for ea ch lance. Fr c c se t th em to r v ag

i e e e oo b oo and s a e e a Friul wh r th y t k much ty ck d Aquil i , ” es e n nei e es nor onas e es a s G at a ro r p cti g th r church m t ri , sa s e o e s ess s a the o f y . Th y c mmitt d uch exc e th t l rd o In the P a dua obliged th em to rel ea se th eir pri soners .

e r to of ne e ne o ns and ne a s a nd t r i ry Udi th y rui d t w vi y rd , in 1 387 robbed a ca rav an of G erm an m erch ant s of a s s s o of o and s e s i es a nd o e duc t , ilk , cl th g ld ilv r, p c , th r T he so e s esse e se e i v a lu a bl es . ldi r dr d th m lv s n c ostly

. o es a nd en to a e to se e oo cl th , w t Civid l ll th ir b ty, but it T he eo e of a e hi rea lized very little . p pl Fra t a att ck d s ca mp a t M eduna wh en th ere we re v ery few soldiers left to e en it and n a nd es o e e e n e e d f d , bur t d tr y d v ry thi g xc pt th ee a s a e th so e s e ne a n e c a stle . Thr d y ft r e ldi r r tur d d es o e the a s e a so a nd s o a e sa e d tr y d c tl l , h rtly ft r ck d Po ni T he o of a a wa s s ose to be a n ce go . l rd P du upp d cti g in th h an a ea o a n de e int erest of t e P ope . Gi G l zz h vi g one o a a a a nd a e a ino en e e hi s thr d b th C rr r Sc lig r, F c t r d

se e o a a ns a oo a nd wa s o n e . rvic , f ught g i t H wkw d w u d d O n hi s recovery he seem s to h a ve fought for the M a rqui s of Monferrat for so e i e in 1 oo se e m t m , but 394 t k rvic with the o f n f ons o o E n uerra nd . o o o ss l rd C ucy, g VI I , C u t S i , at the ra te of 1 5 ﬂorins a m onth for ea ch man and 1 00 for se Hi him lf . s condott a wa s of 1 60 l ances a nd he wa s en a e to a a ns a ona a nd enoa a a a n g g d ﬁght g i t S v G , c mp ig 84 T H E CON D OTTI E RI

’ which resulte d i n Savona s m aking an offensiv e a nd ns e ea e h the e of ans e e e . e a t e d f iv l gu wit Duk Orl Aft r im , o a n s ent all hi s one Fa cino na a en C ucy h vi g p m y, tur lly w t o e to the o e s e and oo se vi e the enoese v r th r id t k r c with G , a i n a on o a of o se a nd 1 00 oo h a h v g c d tt h r f t , wit p y a t the r a te of 5 fl ori ns for ea ch h orse a nd 4 for ea ch foot s oldi er ; one fl ori n more for ea ch h orse if the fighting wa s to be d one in the Ap ennines out side of G enoa a nd th o es a s th e ee in e in the o es a s . thr p d t t , if city , 3 if p d t t These a rra ngem ent s a re exceedingly complic a ted and r H wa s to be a 2 0 flori n t o s . e s a on e wa s to cu i u p id 5 c , sen 00 n s t o the e en e of enoa and the d 3 k ight d f c G , with rest to fight the enemy if th ey sh owed signs of approa ch en th w w o h w ing the ga t es . Wh e a r a s ver e a s not to fight aga inst the C ommune or citizens of G enoa for four In 1 he a n o on s . oo se e a ea m th 397, t k rvic with Gi G l zz Vi s conti with 500 l ances a gainst C a rlo M a la t esta the

a a n— ene a of an a a nd o e o es a t the s a e c pt i g r l M tu th r f rc , m

a d a n ha n s He ha d time th t Alberico a B a rbi o d la ce . f h u of o s co mm a nd o t e third o t eight tro p of h orse . T wo ea s a e in 1 the a s of Monferrat a e y r l t r, 399 , M rqui g v n a few e s o the a s e and o o of . a ea him c tl b rg S M rti , l gu fr m

a sa e in e o a in a en for se es ren C l , f ud , pr b bly p ym t rvic n the on on n e war e een dered . Duri g l g c ti u d b tw eo o e a s of Monferrat a nd e eo n e of Th d r , M rqui , Am d , Pri c a a a no e a e osses se of the a s e o of Ac i , F ci b c m p d C t ll

a s o and a ll it s e on n s a s i s sa i t of the C ri i b l gi g , id , by g f

n a an s e se es o he ea e a eno i h bit t th m lv , wh m tr t d b dly ugh H e n 1 02 a o n to e own es on . e cc rdi g th ir t tim y h ld it u til 4 , the e of an in ea e eo . a e which y r Am d VI I I , pr y d Duk Mil

t o m a k e him rest ore it .

He was with Alb erico at C a sa lecchi o a nd C a st el S . e he in the a n of o o na Pietro two d a ys a ft r h e lped t ki g B l g ,

n esse o no a n se e a anne s a nd killi g M r Fric li , t ki g v r l b r ,

86 T H E CON D OTTI E RI wa s ignomi ni ou sly dra gge d a ll round the city and th en ” burnt . T he Gue lfs s ucceeded in h olding Alessandri a for a e ha d e e e Fa cino a e 600 tim , which r b ll d , but rriv d with ’ o se and an e nes a nd a te ee a s t n h r m y Ghib lli , f r thr d y figh i g h T h drove th e m out with t e h e lp of a rtillery . e Duch ess o e e na ons for it s a n o o a a rd r d illumi ti recovery . P d lf M l t es t a h a vi ng a rranged with the re volted Bresci a ns th at e s o a e a s e o Pa no s s e th y h uld cc pt him th ir l rd , ci , di gu t d , e but o o e hi s e a e b a en a en a for l ft him , f ll w d x mpl y t k Pi c z se ns f f r nn T o him lf i t ea d o o Gi ov a i M a ria . m a k e him self a e t a e to the ens he o e a n an e of o n cc p bl citiz pr vid d bu d c c r , of o a nd of ne n s ha d een s a e for fl ur wi , thi g which b c rc a long ti m e ; th en h a ving fortified the city he s et out with grea t and rega l p omp for Alessandria Richly es se o s e e e who a e on an e en dr d b y pr c d d him , pl y d m y diff r t

' ' rnusi cal ns en s s a so n of r e s a i trum t , with uch u d t ump t th t see e a s the ai r o be s a e e and an os it m d if w uld h tt r d , m y m t st o s e sons a o an e s a s a ses illu ri u p r cc mp i d him , uch m rqui , ” n n n t e s hi e o n s a d n s . o a e s o c u t , k ight Thi ki g pl f ll w citizens of C a sa le he proposed to return to th em the e s of the a n s a s o a a e a nd o e o s o en r lic S i t Ev i , N t l Pr i tt , t l the Aless andri a ns in 1 2 1 e had a n by 5 , which th y v i ly

a a r wa s a sk ed from p op es a nd emp erors . A triumph l c constructed on which were pla ced a cruciﬁx m a d e of s h ee t s of silve r a nd a n a lta r cross rich with preci ou s s ones a en o the se a nd the sa n s e e t t k fr m church it lf, i t w r a n o en ne e e o e o e e e o dr w by x v r b f r y k d , which w r p mp ” n a n a sa es e en to ess an a ously ornam e t ed . M y C l w t Al dri n en t o to a o a n e s to o o . a o cc mp y th m , ﬁr t B rg S M rti , th th of the a onna nea a nd a e so e a s e Church M d r , ft r m d y ’ An to Liut ra nd s a t a sa e e a o . p C hurch C l , with qu l p mp a no on the e s o s incident which occurred a t S . M rti Adig h w how open a nd b arefaced the bribery of th ose C ondottieri TH E CON DOTTI ERI 87

H w who w ere open to it might be . e a s fighting a gainst a n es o a a a a nd a e so e se e e s s n Fr c c C rr r , ft r m v r kirmi hi g a a a ha d Fa cino a e who ed a e esen ed C rr r c ll d , imm i t ly pr t se a t the a e o e e e s a e a s wa s him lf b rri r, c v r d with whit mit He o e f e hi s horse a l so. w r a suit o v ry fine stee l m ail a nd hi s h orse a l so wa s cov ered with steel a nd ha d the a and the es of the a o o e b rd r t rm ur w rk d with gold . a n a en off e e e s and the a en a n s H vi g t k th ir h lm t , tt d t a n e i e the o of a e n e of e h vi g r t r d , l rd P adu r mi d d him th ir a n en en s o n o s a nd s o e of ci t fri d hip with t uchi g w rd , p k hi s son an es o who wa s a en at a sa e o Fr c c , t k C l cchi but es a e so a he had not a a n anso for c p d, th t p id y r m him , ” n G at aro e or s a a d he promi sed it the next day . r p t th t ’ Fa cino s o s e e ene o s who a ns e e a the w rd w r g r u , w r d th t flight had di spl eased him a s much from hi s sense of ono a s for hi s e s e for o a nd a o for the h ur d ir g ld , th t b th consol ati on of the fa th er and for the h ealth of the son e a e nd the the ee n wa s sa s a o . So a m ti g ti f ct ry th y p rt d , day a ft er the lord of P a dua s ent M esser B onifa zio

Guarnesini t o s ea t o Fa cino a ne and sent a e - loa p k C , mul d of a s s e e o t an to be of ﬂ k , which w r th ugh by m y full ” o n n se e en n t o . So he a an o e the e e g ld b d d t rpri , pr t di g be o e t o o to s e a en a a a n blig d g ubdu Pi c z g i , which O ttobuono T erzo ha d m a de him self m ast er of at the i nstiga ti on of Giova nni M a ria e a n Ma rcoa ldo e a o a a o on so e A c rt i d ll R cc , c mm ldi r, i n a c a mp a ign which Facino wa s ca rrying on a ga inst ee of the s on ose a a ns e e O ttobuono thr Vi c ti , wh c pt i w r

e o a nd a o o da l e e s o e a the so e s T rz J c p V rm , h w d th t ldi r

o be e to e a a n en a a e t o c uld tru th ir c pt i wh tt ch d him ,

e en to ea e n hi s a o s a he not no v d th , t lli g c pt r th t did k w ’ w e e hi s a a n a s a nd he o n t e and h r c pt i w , if did , w uld t ll,

s ubmitting to be t ortured a nd killed in silence. Pa cino was ﬁghting for s om e tim e eith er for or aga inst 88 T H E CON D OT TI E RI

o a nn a a ose a er n n o not on n e Gi v i M ri , wh w v i g mi d c uld c ti u n a ny course of a ction for a lo g tim e . After the con elu si on of a truce he ent e re d Mil an a ccomp anied by the e nes a nd wa s e e e eat so e n es Ghib lli r c iv d with gr l m iti , while a few d ays l a t er the duk e procl a im ed th at everyone might go a b out hi s pos sessions for purp oses of tra de n Yet he ea e o s en ea o e with out hi dr ance . tr ch r u ly d v ur d to et Fa cino a ne n o hi s o e a nd en he was g C i t p w r, wh o n to s t and ha d a ea a sse the s o g i g vi i him , lr dy p d fir t c urt a of the a s e a o n to one a o n s o e e y rd c tl , cc rdi g cc u t m hir d so e s a an e o a s na e ea ons and ldi r dv c d t w rd him with k d w p , a ccording to anoth er the duk e crie d to him exultingly “ ” o the s a a se You are sone e e fr m t irc , my pri r ; which v r it w T he a s Pa cino turned hi s h orse a nd fled precipit at ely . ate of the se on o a wa s s hi s en g c d c urty rd hut , but fri d Archirolo e a o e a e at a o en o ene d ll Cr c c m up th t m m t , p d the wick et a nd c a lle d hi s men to a rm s T he ga t e wa s so low th at Fa cino struck hi s h ea d against it in going out a nd e n st nne o a e een ta en but for , b i g u d , w uld h v b k , the entra nce to the st a bles by which he esc aped t o the hi so e s t e e P ort a T osa . Wh en he rea ch ed s ldi r h y cri d a t e o a e the e in e a n s who a a th th y w uld h v duk th ir h d , , fr id , fled to the Brolett o with Nicolo M a ndello and 40 other n t n T he on s on wa s k igh s a d ra ng the great b ell . c fu i eat in an ose a to o a nn a a ent t o gr Mil , th f ithful Gi v i M ri w ’

e t ose of Pa no ane s a t e the . him , whil h ci C p r y l ft city Hi s e ea r e en a wa s o e to e a n wif , B t ic di T d blig d r m i , but wa e a few s c ourteou sly greet ed by the duch ess . Aft r

d ays p ea ce was m a de a nd he re - entered the city in

wa s e e e eat ono the e triumph , r c iv d with gr h ur by duk , a nd ﬁve a s a e n e no for ee ears to d y l t r am ed gov r r thr y , the eat o He was ene o s to hi s gr j y of the citizens . g r u ene es and on e s t e e n a ost mi , c clud d t ruce with h m , b i g lm a s o e a s o ann ari o ns an e in one p w rful Gi v i M a. F r i t c , TH E CON DOTTI ERI

of th ese truces th ey b oth sign on one side a nd Gi orgio of e a on th Benzone o e o e . , l rd Cr m , th r In 1 4 1 1 the h a tred s of the broth ers Vi sconti brok e n out n o o en wa r. e a a wa s a en on r i t p Wh P vi t k , Ch i st

mas n it wa s o n a the e nes h ight , f u d th t Ghib lli ad the

e o s n s of the e s en in ei o ses pr ci u thi g Gu lf hidd th r h u , th ose of the Guelfs h a ving b een a lrea dy sa ck ed by Pa cino “ ’ n An C a ne s a dh ere t s . d does nothing rem ain for me ” “ n h e a e t hi s th e ! e xcl im d o s qu a drons . Gu elf or ” a n And Ghibe lline I will h ve my p orti o . so the wh ole “ was s a ed e e a s in an on the na me city ck H r , Mil , ly of no e wa s a n to Pa no a ll o e e on Sig r l cki g ci , b y d him ly, everything wa s done a ccording to hi s will to the two ” n es s a e eno e a ne for s s s en pri c c rc ly ugh r m i d ub i t ce . According to the Gu elf hi st ori a ns the duk e only ha d hi s private servants rem a ining to him ; the duchess wa s not a o e to e her s an e a se she wa s a ll w d liv with hu b d , b c u a a esta and the o nt of a a wa s e en s or of M l t , C u P vi v h t shirt s ! In the ea rly p art of 1 4 1 2 he was atta cking B erga mo a nd had so se e e an a a of o t i n rea v r tt ck g u , g vi g him g t ai n in hi s s e t at he was o e t o et n to a a p id , h blig d r ur P vi ,

' h M 1 6 en in the ca stle of which city e died on ay . Wh he wa s gi v en up by the d octors a nd the Ghib ellines ea the ne s in an e e the e e e in h rd w Mil , th y kill d duk , ith r n e hi s a a e or in the of . o a o ear s p l c Church S G tt rd , f i g l t n hi s o wa a en he sh ould turn to the Guelfs . Wh e b dy s t k to the Duomo it rem a ined with out any sign of h onour or e e en e e e o a os e who o e e r v r c , xc pt fr m pr titut c v r d it ’ F i no r en s see n at the o n of with roses . a c s f i d i g him p i t dea th set Ant onio B osso to t ell him to prep ar e for Et e r n He had s ar e o ene hi s o en al quiet. c c ly p d m uth wh Pa cino roughly interrupting him a dvi sed him to confess a nd a e ea for ea for he o a e hi s ea m k r dy d th , w uld h v h d go T HE CON D OTTI E RI

o i s not e ate e e os wa cut off in a n h ur. It r l d wh th r B so s “ fright ene d at thi s grim j est ; but Pa cino a dd ed : You m ay judge by wh a t y ou feel yourself how I fee l a t the h ou a i en m j oyful news whic y h ve g v e . Th en he c a lled a o o eo a a s o of an and on e B rt l mm C pr Archbi h p Mil , c ﬁd d to hi s a e hi s e ea e the e o a a the c r wif B tric , duk Filipp M ri , e nes hi s o e a e a on na e o o o Ghib lli , br th r, r l ti , by m L d vic , a n hi s e and a t hi d m m ory pr ye d him o look a ft er s corp se . He wa s e in the A ostini an a a no buri d g Church , P vi , but s ne s the a e f one wh e t o m ark gr v o o deserv d a m a u sol eum . He wa s o n of an a e and a o n to o o C u t Bi dr t , cc rdi g C ri , r n e of a a o a a Dertona o o a ese C a s p i c P vi , N v r , , C m , V r , sano a e a sso all the Sevese in the of , Abbi t G r , , duchy a n o anen o on e de an a Va l Sa ssina Mil ; R m g , M t Bri z , , C a nturi o osa e a nd a ll the an s of a o a i o e a s , R t , l d L g M gg r “ h n H w He a so ad es sa a . e a s far a s Vigogna . l Al dri a ma n of s e e e a a e but s and wa s e ea v r ch r ct r, ju t , v ry d r to hi s so e s he w a s e to hi s ene es o e ldi r ; cru l mi , but m r o the ne ess of the es an o e s os on fr m c ity tim th fr m vil di p iti , a nd wa s often a ch eck upon the cru elty of the duk e . An e e en o s e a n a nd os o a eo s he s nne xc ll t h r m m t c ur g u , hu d no d ange r in b a ttl e ; he wa s a lways the ﬁrst to a dv ance a nd the l a st to r etir e ; at the sam e tim e expert capt ai n H n e a n a a ns a nd a e so e . e a e a br v ldi r tr i d v ry v li t c pt i , a on o wa s a a no a e e o m g wh m C rm g l , by which , lik Alb ric da a a no he re - a o e the o e of a s and n ea se B rbi , w k l v rm i cr d H n e the o e of a n a nd the milita ry glory . e u it d p w r ki g ” fa m e of a grea t w a rri or . BUSSO N I F RAN C E S CO , CAL LE D I L

CARMAGN OL A .

R A N C C O BUSSON I or ssone a s he i s a e in a F ES , Bu , c ll d o en of 1 1 2 wa s o n at a a no a o a d cum t 4 , b r C rm g l pr b bly e een I 80 and 1 8 s n e he ha d a m a com b tw 3 3 5 , i c ilit ry H an in 1 0 . i s a en s e e of e low on on m d 4 4 p r t w r v ry c diti , ’ ne or a Hi s e s a a o e s. s a e s na e wi h rd , gricultur l l b ur r f th r m w o no n i n f i as a o s no o h s o e . Gi c m , but thi g k w m th r A ’ so e of Fa cino a ne s a s s n the e s e e he wa s ldi r C , p i g ﬁ ld wh r e n s ne e n s hi s ou and a en h rdi g wi , b i g truck with pr d rd t a s e n i e or o e e to o o o a p ct , i v t d c mp ll d him f ll w him , pr b bly

a o 1 6 at e Fa cino ane wa s i n e on . b ut 39 , which tim C Pi dm t Il Bergomense a nd G ori s ay th a t he wa s t a k en to P a vi a to o a a s on e a se he wa s so an so e Filipp M ri Vi c ti b c u h d m , a nd th a t he t ook grea t plea sure in hi s bea uty and m a d e ’ F in ne s ea i n 1 1 2 he him noble and ri ch . At ac o C a d th 4 ’ e o en e i o a a to arr ea e d E ste r c mm d d F lipp M ri m y B tric , widow of Gi ov anni M a ri a (2 2 yea rs older th a n he) a nd to a e an es o Bussoni as a a n of hi s o es who t k Fr c c c pt i f rc , 9 2 T HE CON D OT TI E RI

’ n m In t wa s at the head of Pa ci o s en. hi s yea r he app ears t e in o ent s a s u a o n o so t at he wa s wic d cum d c l c u cill r , h ’ a man of o t an e Fa cino s a e a n een a e imp r c , dvic h vi g b ct d n T w s ate i n 1 1 he had the e m o . o ea s e co y r l r, 4 4 , upr m

an of the a so e the en of e n s m d duc l ldi ry , burd b i g ﬁr t o n o the o se of a o t on nto the a a c u cill r , pr mi d p i i duc l f mily ,

‘ and a a a e in an in a t a e the e he wa s p l c Mil : f c , ft r duk , “ the st e son in the s a e o n the e s to the fir p r t t , h ldi g k y ” ea t of o a a o in ea a nd w r e o e h r Filipp M ri b th p ce a . B f r the yea r wa s out he wa s created C ount of C a st elnu ovo r a a nd of a se e a nd consi nore of es o a e di Sc ivi C ll , g V p l t , and ha d the right gi ven him of b earing the a rm s of the i sconti and e r s na e a s a e a for the a n V th i ur m , r w rd t ki g H w of M i l an and m any oth e r pl a ces nea r . e a s b etroth ed to nton a s on the a te of the ea e o A i Vi c ti , d ugh r d d Pi tr s ont and o of a n es o Barbavara in 1 1 Vi c i wid w Fr c c , 4 5 , a nd wa s en the fief of a e a nd a so a h o e giv S l , l ric d w r , n e the es on es ne a nd ea in the which i clud d du fl h , wi , br d T h r county of C a stella zzo. e m a r i age t ook pl a ce on “ e r a 1 1 1 t eat o a nd o of F b u ry 4 , 4 7, wi h gr p mp with j y ‘ ” ll in th l Ar n a e C ort e del e go.

Hi s ﬁrst fa ilure was at the siege of C omo in 1 4 1 6 . T he s ca ling l a dders w ere a ga inst the w a ll s a nd the so e s as en n t e to the a ssa en Lotterio ldi r c di g h m ult , wh s a the o a e a es e ate sa and the Ru c , l rd , m d d p r lly cut wh ha d t ns e e e a ll e a nd a e s . ose o o l dd r Th g i id w r kill d , C a rm a gnol a a nd the oth ers out side owed th eir sa fety He wa s s a an n t o the swiftness of th eir ﬂight . till dv ci g “ in powe r a nd h onour— he i s now c a lled di stingui sh ed In 1 20 he wa s a e en councillor a nd m a rsh a l . 4 m d citiz of an hi s es en an s and wa s to be ea e a s Mil with d c d t , tr t d the ot e s of the n e of the s on e n all h r ki dr d Vi c ti , b i g with hi s descend ant s exempt from every burden lik e the Hi a a e at the othe r m emb ers of the duca l family . s p l c

94 T HE CON DOTTI E RI

e o e a r o o not one se ust oth e rs r p rt d by C v i l , if d by him lf, m en no n to ons e n how o o s he h a v e b e k w him , c id ri g rig r u ly o e en e o hi s s o e s and he s be exa cte d b di c fr m ldi r , mu t considered resp onsible . In ans wer t o hi s repea t ed re quest s he wa s a llowed t o i a n s in the ene an e not to a inves t h s s vi g V ti d bt , but

i s ss o wa l arger a m ount th a n duca t s . A d cu i n s

e in the a i o ons o on the o n o n Ma 2 h ld M gg r C ili p i t y 9 , 2 He wa s a o n e o e no of enoa in o e 1 4 1 . pp i t d G v r r G N v m ber 1 2 2 : hi s o e n en was s oo a nd ene e , 4 g v r m t ju t , g d , rg tic ; such a s to a ttra ct the a ffe ction or the vene r a tion of those ” Hi w s e a ea he o e ne . s s a a a g v r d l ry libbr y r , T he e i s s a to a e sen but he w a nt ed m ore . Duk id h v t

to enoa so as to e o the a a nd him G divid him fr m rmy , n t a fter a tim e he s a w th a t he ha d fa lle ou of fa vour . He e e o e o e a s n the e not to e e th r f r wr t , ki g Duk d priv him of the o an s ea n of hi s oo a and r n c mm d , p ki g g d f ith t yi g to n a s hi s ene es hi s e e s e e e e not u m k mi , but l tt r w r ith r

n r He e a s e for hi s a swere d o answered e va sively . th n k d

s ss a so a he a e se e O e s di mi l , th t might t k rvic with th r , but n n n n h to ha d o e . a e e enoa a nd en r ply I dig t , l ft G w t

an a no e o e no a n een sen t o enoa Mil , th r g v r r h vi g b t G

o n f T he e wa i with ut advi si g him o the fa ct . duk s n the a s e of H c tl Abbi a t e Grasso a nd r efu s ed torec eive him . e ns s e a s n hi s o e : he wa s o a the e wa s i i t d , r i i g v ic t ld th t duk en a e a nd a he s o s ea to o who wa s g g d th t h uld p k Ricci , hi s ee n o on bitt er enemy . S i g Filipp a b a lcony he s o e t o e oa n n a e a nd h ut d him , r pr chi g him with i gr titud erfid a nd n e n n h T he p y i v ighi g agai st is c a lumni a t ors . a not a e to a es a n se e n e gu rd did d r rr t him , h vi g rv d u d r a nd he n se on hi s o se r n out a him , flu g him lf h r , c yi g th t he would m a k e th ose rep ent it who re fu sed t o li st en to a nd fled at a o to a o of the no a nd him , full g ll p f rd Tici en e to th f s o n i th c e duked o m o S a voy . Thi a cc u t s so THE CON DOTTI E R I

a a nd so n s so o a e e a e n ha d to dram tic u d pr b bl , r g rd b i g ’ arma nola s a a e a one s a e es to s a C g ch r ct r, th t c rc ly lik y en s do not ea u th a t the G enoese docum t b r it o t . Accord ing to th em he wa s on good t erm s with Filippo M a ri a wh en he returned t o Mil an a fte r successfully gov erning n s o a s on th enoa for 2 2 on s . O e o a o s G m th thi cc i pr cur t r , a s a s n of a e and es ee a n e and hi s ig gr titud t m , gr t d him fa mily immunity from all t a xes and dues in going out of enoa and it s s a is to sa a e e wa s G di trict , th t y th t th r wa s at s e too at he a r e hi s no hurry . It thi tim th m r i d illegitim a te d a ught er Gi ov a nnina to Ricca rd o Angui ssola a o a s e a n of o o ene e n her a o e di Tr v , C t ll P rt V r givi g d w r of 2 00 a s es e the o ssea a nd e e s a on , 5 duc t b id tr u u j w l , m g which wa s one with a pea rl h a ngi ng t o it v a lue d at 3 86 f hi s n t o an h wa s i n a s o o . O n e duc t g ld r tur Mil , whic o e 1 2 he o en e the na e a a ons for Oct b r; 4 4 , c mm c d ﬁ l pr p r ti the a a n in a in aid of een o a nna of c mp ig Apuli , Qu Gi v

a es he wa s to on at the end of the N pl , which c duct ; but on the ex e on wa s a an one and he en a s e m th p diti b d d, th k d for hi s di smi s sa l and retired to hi s est a t es on the oth er n o e e 2 he ﬂ ed in ea of sid e of the Po . O N v mb r 9 f r ea o a to a a no a s n e he a e a e to d th , pr b bly C rm g l , i c g v l rg ly the e n of the of the e a n e e a nd r buildi g Church Er mit i th r , i s s a id to h a ve been kindly re ceived by the M a rqui s a o hi s na a o he en on t o ea i n a n a S luzz , tur l l rd w t Ivr J u ry ,

1 2 a nd e to et the e of a o to a a 4 5 , tri d g Duk S v y tt ck a n in s he ent to en e wa Filipp o M ari a . F ili g thi w V ic by y

of Trent and F eltre a ccomp a nied by 80 a rm ed serv a nt s . T he Duke of Mila n of course conﬁ s c a t ed all hi s posses s ons a of he a e to a o a a es a the ne i , p rt which g v C rl M l t t xt yea r (th ey a m ount ed to duca t s of a nnu a l revenue)

and forb ade hi s wife and d a ught ers t o follow him . He ea e en e on e a 2 1 2 a nd the r ch d V ic F bru ry 3 , 4 5 , by m outh of Andrea C ont a rini a sk ed for a n enga gem ent 96 T HE CON D OTTI E RI with the Signory on the following term s : he wi s hed to be a a n— ene a of o se a nd oot t a ll the ono s c pt i g r l h r f , wi h h ur , s en s and o s ons e on i n to the ran to a e tip d pr vi i b l g g k , h v a on o a of 00 an es t on a of c d tt 5 l c , wi h m thly p y ats a nd the o e to en o 00 oo so e s at the duc , p w r r l 3 f t ldi r a s o e a e i n war e o s n ccu t m d r t tim . Thirty th u a d duc a t s were to be a dva nced a nd a ccounte d for m onthly for the en o en of the 00 an es a nd he se wa s to e r lm t 5 l c , him lf h av an a dva nce ; th a t hi s a greem ent sh ould be for a long ’ p eri od and th at a m onth s notice ofit s t e rmina tion s hould be en a he s o be so e e in a e s con giv , th t h uld l j udg m tt r ern n hi s so e s a o n s o be o e c i g ldi r , th t l dgi g h uld pr vid d , but pri soners a nd m ov a bles t a k en by the soldiers s h ould be e o e t e the a n s and as es s o l e on th ir pr p r y, whil l d c tl h u d b l g th e n n ot e s a s n T h to e a d a o o s . e R public , m y h r m ll pr vi i

S ena t e repli ed th at th ey did not wa nt a ca pt a in- genera l i n e of ea e a e e hi s e s in the a n so e tim p c , but cc pt d t rm m i , m of th e n e i e cl au s s bei g so a lt red as to lessen h s d em and s. He en t o e at e so in e e hi s e wa s w t liv Tr vi April , wh r lif n n a a T he a e e a a re a e s of o . tt mpt d , pp tly by g t Filipp M ri princip a l culprit ha d hi s hea d cut off and severa l oth ers

we re h a nged . In 1 426 he was m a de c a pt a in— genera l with a sal a ry As the es of hi s of duca t s of gold per m onth. r ult opera tions a p eace was concluded b etween Venice and anat the end of the ea one of the on ons of Mil y r, c diti ’ which wa s the lib era tion of C a rmagnola s wife a nd a e s n a o n a nd the es on of a ll d ught r withi f rt ight , r tituti hi s o e i T he o n ess a e in pr p rty n the duchy . c u t rriv d 2 She wa s e e e ea e on a 2 1 . V enic M rch 3 , 4 7 r c iv d with gr t honour and was a ccomp anied by ladies and a crowd of T he sm a ll boat s of different kind s to her hou se. Sig no n a s a an n e e o 600 a s ry se t a gift h gi g j w l w rth duc t , o of o a nd s on e ons and nes cl th g ld ilk , c f cti wi , with

9 8 T H E CON D OTTI E RI b ody gu ard and duca t s a month ; the enga gem ent was t o be for two ea s two of r s e o a s e o y r , with i p tt ( p tt , a n e he oul e ate enro so e s a nd w iti g tim ) , c d imm di ly l ldi r wa o a e 0 a s a an e for ea and 1 0 he s . t h v 5 duc t dv c d ch , wh en th ey w ere enrolled ; he was al so a llowed t o ha ve a s l a rge a body gua rd a s he plea sed T he Signory gav e a o a ran a and sane on a e seo him C hi ri , R cc F c , Clu , L k I , “ in no b e and en e e and the e a ne l g tl f ud , if R public g i d the C a st e ll a and oth er pla ces in L omb a rdy which were hi s they s hould let hi s neph ew s s ucceed him in the pos n the n a in en e sessi on ofth em . O third Su d y L t (F brua ry

2 8 or 1 2 on a a o e e e in the a a . 4 9 , pl tf rm r ct d pi zz S ar o af e the a ss of the o he wa s M c , t r m H ly Spirit , with eat o nveste i the o n of a e gr p mp i d w th c u ty Chi ri , with pur a nd e r s on a nd the o e of the s o and mix d ju i dicti p w r w rd ,

‘ w the letters p at ent we re deliv ere d to him . It a s w ort h ’ T he a ne e f hi e duca t s a yea r . pretty cdot o s fath r s a rriv a l in hi s working clothes at thi s m om ent a nd the ’ son s e a e e o n on of e a n and imm di t r c g iti him , mbr ci g him esen n t o the o e n o na e annot be pr ti g him D g , u f rtu t ly c ue s n e hi s a e e in tr , i c f th r di d T he war now b eca me di sa strou s to the Veneti ans a nd i n O n C a rm a gnola sh owed grea t sla ckness in ts c o duct . ne 2 2 a ea a e wa s o on the Po nea Cre Ju gr t b ttl f ught , r ona en nea the o e ene a n ee wa s de m , wh rly wh l V ti ﬂ t n n m n We e s o e six s s es a . a e tr y d , but hip c pi g M y r put ’ hers d e comba t 800 e o a nd 00 of the , kill d utright , 4 T he wound ed a fterw a rd s di ed in h ospit a l at Cremona . ene a ns os men a o e e and 2 8 a eons V ti l t lt g th r, g ll a a no a in hi s a for so e were t ak en. C rm g l rem ained c mp m

n a s wa s one easo nd oo no a in the . r , t k p rt ﬁght Thi c a u se of the su spicion of trea ch e ry which fell on him . Another wa s hi s fa ilure to support Colleoni a nd da v l b Ca a ca o en e oo the a e a nd o a . , wh th y t k g t R cc di S ‘ TH E CON D OTTI E RI 99

a a ssa an o ant a t of the e en es of Luc by ult , imp rt p r d f c a no a i s e o t e to a e sa a he Crem ona . C a rm g l r p r d h v id th t fea red if he sent the a rmy thither it would fa ll int o a n of the ene the e ona on e a mbu sh my , but Cr m chr icl he ent h 800 men a e t o t at o a e . says h w wit , but rriv d l t T he ﬁna l circum stance which de cided hi s a rrest wa s hi s fa ilure to a s sa ult S oncino a fter he had been told th a t a eat a of the a ha d a en o n ea n the a e gr p rt w ll f ll d w , l vi g pl c pra ctica lly defenceless . He was en to en e sta n o es a on the t ak V ic , rti g fr m Br ci o n n of 6 and wa s ea e t ea t es e m r i g April , tr t d wi h gr r p ct w e n a nd fet ed at ea ch town on the ay . Arriv d at Ve ice he wa s received by eight nobles and ta ken to the duca l H wa en to at the o e w e p a la ce . e s th ld th D g a s unw ll a nd o not see and en he t ne to o out c uld him , wh ur d g , w H the entra nce to the pri son as pointed out to him . e i ” e see e at am ea but es ne se cri d , I w ll th I d d r ig d him lf s O n 1 1 he to the gaolers with out oppo ition. April t committee of 8 app ointe d to ex a mine him was given full liberty to torture him a nd hi s ch ancellor Giova nni de o s and a so to ta e and s a to e a n o e s M ri , l k imil rly rtur y th r who seem ed to be guilty of a cting in any way a ga inst the ono and sa et of the t ate and the o n es s a nd h ur f y S , c u t a number of oth ers we re brought to Venice and closely

watched . It wa s o ose to to the o e of the o pr p d put him t rtur c rd , but thi s could not be a pplied owing to one of hi s a rms e n o n e so he ha d the ﬁre to the ee ns ea b i g w u d d , f t i t d , and imm edi a te ly confes sed everything ; hi s confession wa n o i s s e n and t e a e ea t . writt d w , h y m d him r d Thi

wa s a on e s s on of ea e so e s n a t c f i tr ch ry, but m till thi k th he wa s innocent and th a t it wa s extort ed by torture and o e T h w o h p lessness . e report to the C ouncil a s m ade n Ma a nd the sen en e of ea was o n a e y 5 , t c d th c mmu ic t d by 1 00 T H E CON D OT TI E R I

ee e e s of the o ee to the on e ne H thr m mb r c mmitt c d m d . e wa s e ea e ee s o es in the s a a e b h d d with thr tr k , u u l pl c , e e n the o n f eo o e a n . e s o . d a e o e b tw c lum S Th d r S M rk , b f r e s e s e n a o an e the oss of the o e V p r , b i g cc mp i d by cr br th r H w f . e a i hood o S M a ri a F o rm osa. s cloth ed n s ca rlet ” hose e e e e a a a a a no a son o et , v lv t b rr tt ll C rm g l , crim d ubl a n f w d dress o sc arlet with cuffs . T he b ody a s t a k en to n es e a na 2 o e . a o s but e e S Fr c c d ll Vig with 4 t rch , whil th y e e n Fra a o o Dolﬁn who had on esse w r buryi g him Gi c m , c f d i n son s a a t he s e t o be e in the him pri , id th wi h d buri d

— Cha an a a i s . a a o osa dei a r so G r d , th t S M ri Gl ri Fr i it wa s re mov ed to the cl oi st ers of th a t church . T he ten ga ve to the brethren of the Fra ri on May 1 1 2 a n a a on a a a no a had had 4 , 43 , lt r fr t l which C rm g l a e a s e a s the o es he ha d o n at the m d , w ll cl th which w r l a st (a s he had him self ord er e d) gi ving inst ea d 1 0 duca t s to th e a a n of the son ose e s e s n s c pt i pri , wh p rqui it uch thi g T he e a ns e e a e a s e o e to an e e . w r r m i w r ft rw rd r m v d Mil ,

f a n e e w s o to the o . s o e a a Church S Fr c c , wh r t mb which he had e e e for hi s a a nd e e he had o e r ct d f mily , wh r pr vid d an endowment of 30 ﬂori ns a yea r for a d a ily m a ss . But thi s church wa s destroyed i n 1 81 3 and hi s bones a nd ’ hi s wife s di spersed . T he sent ence of dea th cont ained cl a u ses conﬁrming to the o a o s on of a s n her e wid w pr vi i duc t duri g lif , on condition th a t she lived at Trevi so and did not l eave to ea of the two n a e a e s a s it , ch u m rri d d ught r duc t ’ of o on e a a e o e a e s es a e n g ld th ir m rri g , fr m th ir f th r t t , u til ” which the c a m era dei prestiti sh ould provide th em e t e i the e or with cl oth es a nd food . Th ey w re o liv n t rrit y of the Republic and m a rry with consent of the C ouncil e e n a e e o e ea of T en. If th y di d u m rri d th y c uld b qu th T h a e wa s e o e to duc a t s . e third d ught r b tr th d

a a es a hi s e a on of the on a her M l t t , but r pudi ti c tr ct put

TH E CONDOTTI ERI 1 0 1

T he es of hi s ene a n o e in the sa m e ca se. r t V ti pr p rty T he e s a nd ossess ons e e so wa s conﬁ sca ted . f ud p i w r ld

r e o e the n e so a on and the o s o r m v d , fur itur ld by ucti pr fit T he a a e a t given to the trea sury . p l c Venice wa s sold in 1 to the Vitturi a nd wa s a e a s e o n 433 ft rw rd pull d d w , t es a wa s se the o ne for n th a t a Br ci u d by C mmu m eeti gs . T he e e s e e s se en a e at a s a nd j w l w r ub qu tly v lu d duc t , the p a l a ce at Mil an at Hi s will wa s m a d e 2 H eft hi o e e e e 8 1 . e s at C a rma S pt mb r , 4 9 l pr p rty g nol a to hi s brother Gi a com o ; duca t s b eside the o e to hi s na a a e o a nn na a s of d w r tur l d ught r Gi v i , duc t dower and pin m oney to hi s oth e r three m a rri age a e a e s an e e o e the o e s ano e bl d ught r ; if y di d b f r th r , th r a s to the s o s n n na a e duc t urviv r , i cludi g Luchi , m rri d to da l e e to hi s e a os a ll the e e s an V rm ; wif lm t j w l , annuity of 300 florims a nd the incom e from a lm ost all the t Hi w n to b hi s ne e o e . s e a s e e a eo pr p r y h ir th ph w M tt , n f no es s so o a o o . e e e e se e a e Gi c m Th r w r v r l mi r b qu t , a mong which wa s one of 300 duca t s every 1 2 yea rs to ene the ns n a on hi s se e a nd ee a nn a s r w i ig i pulchr , thr u l gift H n a of 50 florins to dowe r three poor girl s . e m ea t th t duca t s s hould be spent on hi s funera l if he died n e the ene ans a nd to for o e u d r V ti , th r so e n i t l m it es a Mil an. “ ' He wa s a man of medium st a ture and w ell propor tioned e s on of n o e on , v ry tr g, rubicu d c mpl xi , with ” es n a a n o hi s o a s he i s seen ch t ut h ir d eyes . Fr m p rtr it to a h ave worn neither whi sk ers nor b ea rd . A vulg r a nd a e s a e ess a e a ne a nd the a ir r th r h p l f c , with thick ck , ” of a man indulgent to him self a nd of sm a ll i nt elligence . N everth eles s he appea rs to h a ve been t empera t e and “ a a nd o not a e n e hi s s a n a s the frug l , w uld h v u d r t d rd

s an a o s a e s a nd the e and he a o na e c d l u , g mbl r idl , b mi t d In hi o e a ons he s o s glutt ons a nd t op ers . s d m stic rel ti h w 1 02 T HE CON DOTTI E RI

e sta n h at o e and o n e a for all w ll, yi g muc h m pr vidi g qu lly in hi s l e hi s o a the r e of a a s wi l, whil wid w p id him t ibut l t t He e t hi s o ses an n t i ing affec ion. k p pr mi d did o a llow h s He wa s st an r fri ends t o be injured by any . ju d me ciful to hi s e en en s hi s o e n en of enoa wa s oo d p d t , g v r m t G g d ,

' a n i t He o not a a n n t d so t wa s a Chia ri . c uld re d d did o e w i He w s a to a st for th ee ven kno h s lett ers . a ble f r a s wa s n s r o s eso e o a eo s n e all d y , i du t i u , r lut , c ur g u u d r s an es a nd ha d at a eness of in a nd circum t c , th cut m d intuiti on of wh a t to do in the circum st ances of the i so e t o e O n the o e m om ent which s v a luabl o a s ldi r . th r h and he i s universa lly a cknowledged to h ave been greedy of ono s of a ess e a nd so ea s a e a n h ur , limitl prid , ily m d gry th a t he a llowed him self extraordina ry license of speech . s na e o a bo e a en e an in s ee Ob ti t fr m y , v ry imp ti t , p tul t p ch , Fa cino hi s life did not tend to soft en hi s a sperities . C ane said of him th a t he w ould not endure eith er e qu a l s r o s e o s s wa s hi s e . up ri r , uch prid

1 04 T H E C ON D OTTI E RI

ossa o ne o a e it s o e s can be se n F t li , fr m which pl c t w r e h H w n on I t es n t e . e a s o s 1 68 e e cr ti g hill b r July , 3 , ith r ’ in e i a or on one hi s a e s na e e n o P rug M t , f th r m b i g Odd , n i ’ M n m a d h s m oth er s J a com a o te elini . He was ca lled n ea at s s n e e ha d ea o es of a s A dr ﬁr t , but i c th y gr t h p him he wa s e o n a nd not af a of ta n hi s own a rt w ll gr w r id ki g p ,

‘ " ” wa s soon ca lled a o eans an a rm and wa s Br cci , which m , ‘ the Occa sion ofj ok es and puns m ade a t hi s and other

’ ’ x ns i i i p eople s e pe e la ter n h s life . It s re la t ed th a t while ” “ ” s i a bo he ut the e a on one in ea e t ll y p T rr di M t p c , by the m eans of s l aying two Of the hea d s of the opposit e

' a on in a s i s a nd la in a for a s e f cti kirm h , y g w it third l w him ‘ on hi s wa o e T he on e a s a s y h m . Chr icl r s y th t after thi every one put the grea test h op e in the v a lour a nd br ave ry of thi s young ma n ! Wh en he wa s eighteen he longed for e or ons and ea e os s es and ea n wid r h iz gr t r p ibiliti , l vi g hi s na e a e en a few o o e s to the a tiv pl c , w t with f ll w r c mp of the o n of Mon e e o who wa s a n a a nst C u t t f ltr , w rri g g i n n e hi s e H w the o s of a d o e se s . e as l rd Rimi i , ff r d rvic ” a e e and en a o a n of een e a e cc pt d giv c mm d ﬁft c l t , “ ” e e s a nd n s o a e at ossombrone h lm t ; ﬁghti g h rtly ft r F , wa s sev erely w ounded a nd fell into the power of the nese wa s es e hi s men who a a n oo Rimi , but r cu d by , g i t k ” T he e a n a s an in one f o a e t o a a . o c ur g tt ck P rugi R p ti , e e o a on es s the no a ne the th ir p ri dic l c t t with bility , g i d e an in 1 00 and a n e e e o onen s upp r h d 4 , h vi g xil d th ir pp t i n the s a anne e se es n e the o e on u u l m r , put th m lv u d r pr t cti of M ila n ; in the course of the disturb ances Bi ordo La a e o osses se se of on one . a a Mich l tti p d him lf M t Fr tt , s a l a e nea a ea en one wa s a t s e in m l pl c r, lr dy m ti d , thi tim the osse ss on of a e a n a a n T utio who o to p i c rt i C pt i , th ught ’

n o e to the eo e s a a s a a ns the o e. h a d it v r p pl p rty , g i t P p ’ Bra cci o went with a s m a ll p a rty to strength en the P ope s a on wa s s se in the na o s ee s a nd a en f cti , but urpri d rr w tr t t k T HE CONDOTTI ERI 1 05

o o a ss n nea o e n n a sone . e a e e pri r Bi rd , p i g r , ff r d him g g ment at a high er ra te th an th a t which he had from \ on e e o he e se sa n a he o a e M t f ltr , but r fu d , yi g th t w uld h v een a to se e o ne had a o e a b gl d rv him if f rtu ll w d it , but th t if he beca me hi s soldier he would either h a ve to be a cowa rd or held a tr a itor to hi s country ; if he h eld b a ck in a e he o not be o n hi s he en b ttl w uld d i g duty, but if w t forw a rd and fought v a lia ntly he w ould be a tt a cking hi s o e s o n n hi s en s and o a n hi s br th r , w u di g fri d , vi l ti g country ; so th a t Bi ordo ought not to offer thi s to him e o o wa s so s nor ought he to a cc pt it . Bi rd much truck hi s ea ness of n a he set ee and with gr t mi d th t him fr , Bra ccio w ent to B orgo San S epolcro without h orse or a s a nd oo ser e the o en nes a s C ondot rm t k vic with Fl r ti , ” i o s an n hi fin t t ere of 30 cel ate . N twith t di g s e speech o o o he o a a ns e a a s e e for the Bi rd f ught g i t P rugi , xil , o en nes and the o e i ea s ess Fl r ti P p w th gr t ucc , much n ea sin hi s e a on s s e the ea e i cr g r put ti ; but , di gu t d with p c on a e on e the e ans e ne which B if c c clud d with P rugi , r tur d t n n II n o o e e . no en V the e o e ha d fl ed to Fl r c I c t , xt P p , te o and he ent e se en o a n ons Vi rb , w thith r with v c mp i , with the o e of a n ser e Hi s eso es bj ct t ki g vic with him . r urc w b e e at a e lo eb , and he ha d not s ffi en one w r _ v ry u ci t m y to f a or e en e a n en . e s e e e o e p y th ir t rt i m t Aft r upp r, th r f r , he oo off hi s o et wa s e o e e s e t k d ubl which mbr id r d with ilv r, and offered it t o the h ost in p a yment who wa s so struck hi s ene os a nd hi s o anne e n a n by g r ity l rdly m r , b i g pl i ly a off a he not on e se to a e a n n o b dly , th t ly r fu d t k ythi g fr m so fine a en e an who a ene to be in low a e g tl m h pp d w t r, but gave him four golden s cudi and a lett er to hi s son who e an inn at o sena a n to do the sa e k pt B l , ch rgi g him m — a e e en e e e was a e on l tt r which , wh d liv r d , ct d up with a o e en Hi s s o nes e e not et o e at fili l b di ce . mi f rtu w r y v r ; o no on hi s wa a to o en e he os a fire F lig , y b ck Fl r c l t by 1 06 THE CON D OTT I E RI a ll hi s ar s hi s o ses and e en hi s o es he and hi s m , h r , v cl th , soldi ers esca ping lit era lly with nothing but their lives - in e a a e fa ce of the a ssembled popul ace . Th ir h rd f t e xcite d the t of the r e s of the the n who no i n pi y ul r city, Tri ci ; k w g who a o wa s o e not on o es Br cci , pr vid d him ly with cl th , a s a nd o ses for se and hi s o a n ons a so rm h r him lf c mp i , but l with money . He now too servi e e o da a ano and k c with Alb ric B rbi , o t h a ai ns the o o nese o e o a f ugh wit him g t B l g , v r wh m ea tor wa s ai ne hi s o nse and a f gr t vic y g d by c u l, di ficult a ssa e a o th r e e i p g cr ss e iver R no a chiev d . As a rew ard h s condotta was increase d from 1 2 t o 70 horse with n ea se of a and s se en to 1 0 e o a s o i cr p y , ub qu tly 5 ; Alb ric l gave him the ca re of the army and of all the milita ry s an ar s and a o e to use hi s ar s the a e of t d d , ll w d him m , b dg “ hi s o se and the an ent orna en s of hi s an es o s h u , ci m t c t r , ” he and hi s oster a e se our own a s which p ity h v u d till d y , n n a s am anus s a s r n in 1 . o e a a C p y , w iti g 49 5 F rtu g i turned against him and c a lumnia tors m a d e such mi s chief b etween him and Alb eric th at the l a tter det ermine d ’ n Hi e to rid se of the a ssa ss n s e. s him lf him by i k if wif , o e e n a o a e e arn n and h w v r, pityi g Br cci , g v him tim ly w i g ’ he fled by night to the ene my s ca mp with the great er a of hi s so e s ere he wa s e e e e a nd p rt ldi r , wh w ll r c iv d ; a e so e e s en in ne o a ons in e ft r m tim p t g ti ti , which Alb ric , a n e urne to ea son e o en e to the h vi g r t d r , r c mm d d him ’

o e s e a e was a e a a n of 00 o se . P p l g t , m d c pt i 3 h r by him After serving h ere and th ere he b ec a m e lord of R occa on a a wa s es e e o o o o of C tr d , which b i g d by L d vic , l rd er o a a ssa o s e n sen to of e the o s F m , mb d r b i g t f r him l rd hip on condition of his forcing L odovico to ra i se the siege . This was the c ommencem ent and found a tion of hi s future I th war o o e a o e o e ea ness . n e gr t which f ll w d , Br cci p rf rm d wh a t wa s consid ered one of the most nobl e fea t s of a rm s

TH E COND OTTI ERI 1 07

He had one t th to ns e eve r d one in It aly . g o e river i p ct the s had een es o e a n e s o of 1 00 mill which b d tr y d , with c rt i n e o a a e o a the of the o e of h s a . ﬂ w r rmy A g l d ll P rg l ,

a e of the o os e a ea of and a e a a ns le d r pp it p rty, h rd it c m g i t a w him with 700 h or se and some foot soldiers . Br cci o sa the du st a nd h ea rd the noise of the a pproa ching s a ons but a d esse hi s so e s e o n e to qu dr , d r d ldi r , xh rti g th m sh ow th a t th ey were indeed the bra v e men wh om he t ook them to be th at th ey could run a wa y but th a t it wa s not worthy of them to do so a nd th en led them to a little hill nea at the oot of he e e to e ei e the r, f which dr w th m up r c v t for o o s o es at a . e o t ck Th y f ugh f ur h ur with ut much r ult , a nd th en Angelo d et ailed two companl es of foot soldiers to o n the and a e t e in the ea a o m u t hill t k h m r r, but Br cci di smount ed 1 5 of hi s soldiers a nd sent th e m to the top f T h t nt n e en n and o the hill to h old it . e ﬁgh we o till v i g ’ 1 2 zhorsemen w e re killed on Angelo s sid e and 1 5 on ’ Braccio s nea all hi s men e e o n e one of e , rly w r w u d d , th m na e n a e e n no ess an 1 0 e een se m d Spi t , r c ivi g l th 5 b tw him lf

- . i 2 T h and hi s ho se ! and another Gu l elino e a . e r , g M cc , 7 effect of thi s ﬁght wa s th a t m any of the C ast ella sent a mb a ssa dors to Br a ccio or rose a ga inst the soldiery a nd o e e a es to and in a few a s 00 so e s pen d th ir g t him, d y 3 ldi r of the a e e a en who e e s ri e of e a s gu rd w r t k , w r t pp d th ir rm and o ses and let o in e s s e an of o o h r g th ir hirt , whil m y L d ’ o s so e s e o a nd n o s vic ldi r l ft Angel we t to Bra cci . At thi e he a a e n ona a nd the o nt o n e n tim r v g d A c c u ry r u d, r duci g

' the citizens to th e necessity of sendi ng a mb a ssa dor s to him H n t a . e e e e e o eo s a d e e r c iv d th m c urt u ly, r t d with e as an n e en en n e an n e ea e and th m i d p d t pri c , gr ti g th m p c releasing the prisoners for a s much m oney a s it plea sed ” e to e o e th m giv him . H aving th ank ed him pr fu sely th y promi sed ducat s as ra nsom for all the plunde r sone s n e a nd sa s the on e a e pri r i clud d , y chr icl r , ft r 1 08 T HE CON D OTTI E RI

wa rd s th ey were a lw ay s fri end s . Thi s chronicle r ha s a dry humour and hi s rem a rk s are often entert aining a nd cau stic— h ere i s a sp ecim en referring t o a tyr a nt of the e o : ar o a a es a the o of n e a e p ri d C l M l t t , l rd Rimi i , d cl r d wa r a a ns a er no the eason i s not er ea i s g i t C m i , r v y cl r, if it not p erh a p s b eca u se th ose who h av e a great desire to o ern a e e ea e a t es e ma ossess so g v , wh t v r gr t r f cul i th y y p , h the o e es e nor ca n sa s e se es e a muc m r d ir , ti fy th m lv qu lly with any oth er thing th an the mi sery a nd c a lamity of ” o th ers . At thi s time Bra cci o was l ayi ng the found a ti ons of th at a wa s so e o e to and he rmy which d v t d him , with which did n in He no end hi such w o ders a fter yea rs . did t s s so e s n o an e en i e in e son and ldi r i t d g r, but w t w th th m p r , no ess an e s f e e a es a es a nd n e l th th y u f r d f tigu , w tch , hu g r he a e a ll the s o to e a nd s e for se on g v p il th m , wi h d him lf ly ” n e o on e a e o s glory a d empir . N w d r th t th y w r hipped

and e e ea to o o an e e e e he led him , w r r dy f ll w ywh r wh r

e a nd a hi s e a on a s a s ess ea e wa s th m , th t r put ti ucc ful l d r

n en n a s a s sen a a ssa o s r apidly growi g . Wh Ki g L di l t mb d r to t o a an e a on o a he e e a he was him rr g c d tt , r pli d th t

o l e to the n a he o e to ak e much b ig d Ki g, but th t w uld lik t

H e o e c ounsel with hi s soldi ers b e fore replyi ng . e th ref r

s a s e the a a ns a nd en the o e s o n to the ﬁr t k d c pt i th th r , d w s a l es so e s sa n a he o e e no n m l t ldi r , yi g th t w uld d cid thi g

o the onsen of a ll who e e W s o s a with ut c t , r pli d ith h ut th t the e s on wa s hi s s ness and a e o ne e d ci i bu i , th t th y w uld v r a an on o o o e en n o e e e a n e b d him , but w uld f ll w v i t xtr m d g r a nd o e e es for hi s ono o n not w uld giv th ir liv h ur, h ldi g him

N o a a n wa s e e on a s a a n a s a e . ly c pt i , but f th r c pt i v r

a e t o hi s so e s for he a o ne the a e o s de r r ldi r , d r d m rv ll u

i s na a ea san of s ee grea tness of h soul with tur l pl try p ch ,

e his so e s o e ea sa n no no one ever t a lk d with ldi r m r pl tly,

1 1 0 T HE CON D OTT I E RI

h t wit boo y as th ey were. Wh en th ey rea ched the ent en ents he a e ten ea st s to ea so e r chm g v b ch ldi r, and sai d j okingly next day wh en th ey were ea ch feeding hi s own a he ha d one a fine ee in a n , th t d d d m ki g soldiers into sheph erds . Bra ccio al way s had the a mbition to rul e over hi s native of er a an d a e a o s at e ts to a re city P ugi , m d v ri u t mp c ptu it , the divi si ons between the nobles and the p eople giving o e of n n s o t e s t th O ne f him h p fi di g upp r r wi hin e w a ll s . o the most de t ermined of hi s a tta ck s was m ade on o e e 1 1 1 0 and i s es e i eat N v mb r 3th , 4 , d crib d w th gr vivid ness hi s o a e a ost a s he had een n ese . by bi gr ph r, lm if b pr t He went to the ga tes of the city with Sforza and P aol o n h ha d n I th s e 00 oot a d o se . n e o o Or i i , 3 f h r h ll w silence of night Bra cci o fix ed the l a dders to the wa ll by t f he s e o the onaster of . et o not ea n the id m y S Pi r , h ri g voices of the sentinel s rep eating a mong them selves the he w n a h o . e a s a n n s t on se no se e w tc w rd T r i di ti c , c fu d i lik t an It wa s he o e ent of th a of a di st t c asc a d e. t m v m soldi ers ' the es of the ens who o e in the , cri citiz , , cr wd d

' a a a nd a rmed at all o n s ai e the s na to o pi zz p i t , w t d ig l g ‘ against the enemy ; for a p op olano wh om the people a e o a so o i o had a rne the o s a c ll d T mm di Gi rg , w d Pri r th t esse ar o the ea o an wa s ea to en the M r M i , N p lit , r dy Op T h a f th an ga tes to Bra cci o . e le der o e b ditti (exiled men) with a few of hi s men descended from the w a lls in nd the wa e n o ene to the ar ens of . e o a g d S Pi tr , , y b i g p d o se and oo wa s in a o ent nea to the se on a h r f t , m m r c d w ll H o e h o n the two a es of the . e e e city br k , thr w d w g t ; ru shing through the suburb he s aw a gain with a ﬁ erce joy

en o an a of . o ano h the church of S . D om ic d th t S Erc l ; e sa w aga in the p a l a ces of the nobles still sca rred by the ‘ ’ a es a nd the o ses of the as an s e o es ﬂ m , h u r p ti , impl , m d t , en he wa at the a a es but b ea utiful . Wh s w ll which m k

1 1 2 T HE C ON DOT TI E RI

' brut al but no o e o rna en s and o s n s con , d ubt , lik t u m t j u ti g , duced to w a rlik e a mbition and t a ught cont empt of da nger f e wa s an ann and o p ain. Th re u a l seri es of ga m e s which o en e on a I st a nd on n e for two on s c mm c d M rch , c ti u d m th on es a a s a e o sa s s s one a es f t d y , c ll d giu chi di i , t g m , s at a a a w I which h ow wh brut l ge it a s. n these a es e een ens for e e e no n ess the b ttl b tw citiz , th y w r thi g l ,

ea ons e e s ones a nd S s and the o a an s e e w p w r t tick , c mb t t w r a in ea e ar o ‘ o e e e a nd s e a nd cl d light l th r m ur b r h lm t hi ld , o e s oes a e of anne a n a o w r h m d t d d h rdened lea th er . S m e

ns ea of a s e ha d a oa ese e e a e i t d hi ld cl k , th w r c ll d ” l anci at ori ; oth er s m ore h ea vily a rm ed w ere c a lled ” a a e had s oes of nen ee es o e rm ti , th y h li thr tim d ubl d ’ with st ag s hid e a nd grea ves t o the k nee of the sa m e o e e a o e ea e a o e the nee e c v r d with h rd d ubl l th r , b v k th y

had e es of on and o e a n on ass a e thigh pi c ir , w r ir cuir , p dd d n a s ar e s oa a nd a n to the s s withi , with c l t urc t p ddi g wri t , while round the neck w ere p a d s of linen a nd cotton o e e a ea e e e e s had ea s e c v r d with h rd l th r , th ir h lm t b k lik

a s a o - a a nd a o e wa s a o of a p rr w h wk , b v f ld h rd e k e a oo of e or of s l e a o f lt , li h d , purp l i v r, cc rd i ng to th eir rank ; the s h ould ers were covered a red a e and the es of the a with c p , r t b ck with ” nd a e n de ﬁne o es . e o e a s e a s cl th Th y b r hi ld tick , b i g en e s a nd not a a n a nd wa s o s a e f d r tt cki g, it th ught di gr c ful

' e wa s e n o two for fl ame to throw st ones . Th city divid d i t

a s and the men e on n to one a e the ea of p rt , b l gi g p rt k pt h d i the a a a nd ose of the o e a e ts oo . pi zz , th th r p rty k pt f t T h o n men o a m en the o s had e e y u g f ught till 9 , th b y th ir rn for two o s n s ones a nd for the es tu h ur , ﬁghti g with t , r t of the day a ll men wh ether young or old j oined in the o ons s e in o n the en e of the fra y . Vict ry c i t d h ldi g c tr

pi a zz a a nd dri ving the oth er p a rty a wa y . S om e threw s ones o e s a e enea e s e s at the o os t , th r ch rg d b th th ir hi ld pp TH E CON D OTTI E RI 1 1 3

men in ea e e en o i ng p a rty . Old gr t xcit m t w uld leap from h o ses o n ea n e n oa a nd ess and t e h u r u d , l vi g b hi d cl k dr , run to h elp th eir side with out considering th eir age and an one a s e for a e he e th weakness . If y k d qu rt r l ft e o e es ens s o i contest . S m tim citiz thu f ught n the a a a nd e e e e ene a ten or t en ens pi zz , th r w r g r lly w ty citiz dead or b a dly injured ; in which ca se th ere wa s no ” en e a for the e at ons of ose e cons e e v d tt , r l i th kill d id r d it ’ n f n Br i s o e no a se or e ean e. a cc o s a mi f rtu , but c u v g c so e s so e es o ne in ese a e s e e no ldi r m tim j i d th g m , but w r

' P r i e not a i t m atch for the e ug ans . Th y did t k e pl a ce n he “ ea a a in that now a e del a o gr t pi zz , but c ll d C mp di ” a a a of the e of a e es e o the B tt gli , ﬁ ld b ttl , which li b l w r a a o a o os to th t a . e e o a e a . Pi zz S p Mur , cl P r S M rgh rit After the juncti on of the Florentine a nd P a p a l a rmies

a o wa s a e a a n- ene a a nd a ss n o Br cci m d c pt i g r l, p i g thr ugh Viterbo m a de enquiri es a b out the generou s innk eeper wh ha i hi a f a e He o d been so kind to him n s d y o dv rsity. found th at he wa s in pri son for a debt of a considerable a o n a n no o een o e ene o s t o o es as m u t , h vi g d ubt b v r g r u th r In hi e o e e ne ut t o e a s to a o . s a s o w ll Br cci c , h w v r, it tur d a e een a oo n es en for a o not on a h v b g d i v tm t , Br cci ly p id hi s e o s and oo out of son oo cr dit r t k him pri , but t k him with him on hi s ca mp aign a nd trea ted him with great Hi s ss i n n n lib era lity a nd c ourtesy . succe drivi g Ki g L a di sl as of N a ples a w ay from Rome so plea sed the P ope H sa a hi s th at he wa s inspired to m a k e a ban mot . e id th t ” so e s had for a a n a n arm a o the ldi r c pt i (Br cci ) , but o e s ha d on ee so e ra n e hi s s o e s th r ly f t , th y , whil ldi r

o N t a a w s s o in hi s o e en s f ught . o th t Br ccio a l w m v m t ; on occ asion he wa s a s ra pid a s Piccinino— it i s rel ated a en n a a ns e i a in one da he e n 0 th t wh ﬁghti g g i t P rug , y w t 4 es a e a n a s nea a s a no o a nd mil , m d mbu h r M r ci , f ught on e e e e o a e to the e a es of e i a c qu r d C rqu t , r id d v ry g t P rug , H 1 1 4 T HE CON D OT TI E RI and took hi s a rmy s afely b a ck to c amp with one of the l argest h aul s of b ooty which he ever m ade . P a olo Or sini e n e te he a o ne a s a s who es e b i g t mp d by hig r p y j i d L di l , d ir d ’ a so to a e Bra ccio s a ss s an e a nd e he was l h v i t c , whil besieging T odi took an opp ort unity to open negotiations a o a n with him . Br cci m ki g a furiou s night att a ck on the ’ King s c amp took four honoura bl e knight s who guarded the o a ens ns e e e e a n to o to the r y l ig , whil th y w r rmi g g n ’ T i s a on. he n e son o o e a s far as Ki g p vili Ki g, n p r , f ll w d the a es of the to es e hi s s an a ea e s g t city r cu t d rd b r r , but th ey ha d b een dragged a wa y so quickly th at though he could h ea r th eir voices c a lling for h elp he could not t n T he so i e s e e o n to s the ge ear th em . ld r w r g i g trip r sone s but a e n o es s e on see n p i r , light b i g br ught , d i t d i g e r h o es e o en s s e o s e s and th ir ic cl th , th ir g ld pur , th ir c r l t e ets a ll i e a nd e o ses a so h lm g ld d , th ir h r l with richly a o ne a ness o a e t e eo e of d r d h r , which pr cl im d h m p pl at n 0 o se e a en the imp ort ance. Th ight 7 h r s w re t k from ’ T he ne da a o sen th o King s c amp . xt y Br cci t e f ur s an a - ea e s a o he a e e an e t d rd b r r b ck , th ugh might h v d m d d T h n a s e e a n es ons a o ransom . e Ki g k d th m m y qu ti b ut Bra ccio a nd pra ised him highly for hi s hum anity and

ea ness of so and sent a e e e to an gr t ul , trump t r dir ctly th k T he n a a ene at a so e him by na m e. ext d y it h pp d th ldi r to o a o wa s a a e wa s a en in a s s wh m B r cci tt ch d t k kirmi h ,

a s as not to be out - one e ne esse in a L di l , d , r tur d him dr d ’ ﬁne e o e the n s esen and a e the purpl r b , Ki g pr t , m d him “ bea rer of a m essage th a t the King would lik e to t alk ” with Bra ccio At the moment a skirmi sh was proceed in in the en es and a o e ne ans e a g tr ch , Br cci r tur d w r th t if e So the King w ant ed him he was to be found th er . L a di sl a s c am e out a nd Bra cci o met him out sid e the en a n hi s e e o hi s ea and s ea n tr ch , t ki g h lm t fr m h d h thi g his s o and s o n n hi s nee to the o nd w rd , di m u t i g put k gr u ,

1 1 6 T HE CON D OTTI E RI

ea a a es a nd a s es and to atroni z Art and build gr t p l c c tl , p e L etters ! T he tim e had now come when he had det er ne to osses s e i a at all osts and he o en mi d p P rug c , c mm ced the ca mp a ign which e nded in hi s b eing a ccepted a s lord T o o en th h of th at city. c mm ce wi e ga ve out th at he wa s o n to o e hi s a to an en a e e so g i g m v rmy Mil , th tr v ll d quickly by way of Rimini th at he wa s a cross the Alp s and at B orgo San Sepolcro b efore th ey h ea rd that he had left H th n o o na . e a e e o a n 1 20 a s e a B l g h rri d c u try , t ki g C t ll and 80 o ns a nd the e ans e e so a a t w , P rugi w r much fr id h n n a the o n th at th ey w a lled up t e gates . Fi di g th t w u d s of so e of hi s so e s s e e and not ea he sus m ldi r w ll d did h l , ected o1 soned a o s a nd o a ne to the o s p p rr w c mpl i d . P ri r , w e e e a e ne ho rul ed the city . Th y r pli d th t th y k w nothing of it a nd did not wi sh th a t a ny of the citizens s o ea the es of wa r and s e a e ee h uld br k rul , publi h d d cr t a en n e a to a n one who s o ffen hre t i g d th y h uld thu s o d . Hi s s a a wa s a e on 1 6 1 1 6 a nd wa s fir t tt ck m d April th , 4 , He hi es n wo not s es s . e s o o t o es ucc ful divid d f rc i t b di , an s one of which a tt a ck ed the m onastery of S . Giuli a o a s to o en the wa to the o a nea e the o e p y P rt E bur , whil th r wa s t o a a ns the o a on e o a e o fight g i t P rt di F t Nu v , b l w w P ort a S ole at the oth e r end of the city . Th ere a s a thick mi st and the people ru sh ed to S . Giuli ana wh en the e a n so a a o se led hi s men o fight b g , th t Br cci him lf thr ugh e the oth er ga te a nd up to the top of the city . Th re there ‘ was a os oo s e the o e of the o of m t bl dy truggl , fl w r y uth the pl a ce h aving b een left to gu a rd the Pia zz a in ca se o f T he o en e a wa s now e to o n need . w m cri d th t it tim w u d the ene a s e na s a nd ee and my with rm , with th ir il t th , na a now e s for e o n e fi lly th t th y mu t fight th ir c u try , th ir sons a nd e own es and a e s on e , th ir liv , th t th y mu t c qu r or be in e es e e e o n o the oo s cut pi c , whil th y thr w d w fr m r f a nd window s great m a sses of stones which crushed T a 5 1 o f ce 7 . 1 6 .

1 1 8 T H E CO ND OTTI E RI

T h ene of the exiles . e my were so weak ened th at th ey could not w ard off blow s ; h orse soldiers were t a en and 200 e et een the i t o se and o t a n k , di d b w l gh h r f o d n C e colino w t n w a o e o ses . c a s a e t o ne e m y m r h r k , ph w s of ar o a a es a o e e mse and of the C l M l t t t g th r with hi lf, wh ole a rmy only Agnolo d a ll a P ergol a and 400 h orse i es a e . a o e e e a c p d Br cci r c v d C rlo M al at est a courteou sly . As soon a s he had di s m ount ed a nd hi s a rm s ha d b een a en a o er et a i n an om en e t o onso e t k , B r cci , b r t h d, c m c d c l

o eo s o s sa n a he o to ea him with c urt u w rd , yi g th t ught b r the e e ses of o ne a e for i s the na e of r v r f rtu br v ly, it tur war th a t those who fight som etim es conquer a nd som e es a re on e e and at he had een a en n tim c qu r d , th b t k fighti g ” T he e i ans n n not fleeing . P rug o h eari g the new s w ere “ so filled with fea r a nd t error th a t the m any la m enta tions were stilled into a s il ence m ore h orrible th an weep ” “ i n e e e e e the n g. Th y r m mb r d m a y wick ed murders e ha d one sa s a a n s a nd a ll e e e which th y d y C mp u , b li v d th a t the h our of v engeance wa s com e and th a t e very kind of cru elty which it was possible to im agine w ould be ” n se a a ns e . e se a e a to a o who u d g i t th m Th y t h r ld Br cci , answered th a t their amb a ssadors might sa fely com e t o hi s c a mp but thi s fellow got drunk in a little inn on hi s way a and en to s ee off n e a e e ea n the b ck w t l p it u d r h dg , l vi g citizens to expect the wor st from hi s not returning ! So

e sen ne o o s n- e an to a o a s t e sa th y t Ci ll , c u i g rm Br cci h y y , thinking th a t hi s rel a ti onship w ould dispose him to e e e e s a n a e o ose o e n r c iv him w ll , yi g th t th y pr p d ff ri g him the o s of the had on sen the e a to l rd hip city, but ly t h r ld s ask wh ether he would receive a mb a ssa d ors . Thi na a a e a o on e a second requ est tur lly m d Br cci w d r, but sea rch di scovered the untru stworthy hera ld under the T h am s a o s h edge and m atters were expla ined . e b a s d r

e e e a nd a e of e n the o s of the w r ight , ft r f ri g him l rd hip city T HE CON DOTT IE RI 1 1 9 th ey pr ayed him not to a llow the exiles to b eh a v e cruelly ” h ’ to the ra sp anti . A t ea r fell from t e va li a nt m an s

He sa he o not a e the of e of the a i s ~ ey e. id c uld cc pt f r m g ‘ i i trac without s o n hi s na e h s ee s a nd h s o . y p tti g m , d d gl ry T o reduce t o servitude a broth er p eople would be ea er to ee a enero s o a he s e tr ch y, fr it g u w rk ; th t wi h d a bove all things to restore the l a ws and to ra i se the oppressed dignity of the Republic ; th at he had m ade war upon the r asp anti bec a u se th ey were so n ren to the no es not e a se e e e en s to u f i dly bl , b c u th y w r fri d ” N rt e s en n h e . e e e s as e i s o s lib rty v h l , if r p ti g w rd , which expressed s incere a nd di sint erest ed affection for hi s coun he oo o nse of a a es a a on o f e no try t k c u l M l t t B gli i , Ch rubi de ll a St a ffa and hi s other comp anions in arm s a ccording “ m T he ans e wa s cr es of a to hi s cu st o . w r by i Viv

“ ‘ Br accio ! Viva il signor di P erugia ! T he t erm s na a ee on e e ese at the er ans a e ﬁ lly gr d up w r th , Th P ugi g v e se es to a o the the o n and all th m lv Br cci with city, c u ty i th n s o o e the o er n s . a e e s th publ c thi g Th t citiz h uld b y,

a and e e e a s e e a e o . a c ll , r c iv him th ir l gitim t l rd Th t n a public bu si ess sh ould be m an aged by him . Th t neith er d eb a t es nor council s sh ould be h eld with out hi s a who n t o b order . Th t those did o obey s h uld e con sidered e e s and a a n one e o r b l , th t y might kill th m with ut ena r o a the e e s o o to e p lty o utl awry . Th t xil s h uld g th ir o ses a nd en o e o e s o not eta n h u j y th ir pr p rty, but h uld r i

en a n n s o a e mity a ga inst the citizens. Th t o o e h uld m k

” a tumults under p ain of the ga llows or the block . Th t

Br a cci o sh ould only h ave the surplus of the public returns . Th a t all the magi strat es should be elect ed a nd creat ed by the eo e p pl except the treasurer and the P od esta. Th a t o n s o be ee and a a ea s o li e to v ti g h uld fr , th t pp l h uld a oe en in a a a ses and a n one o ose the Br cci v c pit l c , if y pp d a ea h a o s o not pp l e sh ould be puni sh ed . Br cci h uld 1 20 T HE C ON DOT TI E RI

e es a es o t the onsent of th impos fr h t x with u c e p eople . Th a t he sh ould render the u su a l honours to the m a gis a es a nd s o ese e the a n ent e ees a nd sho tr t h uld pr rv ci d cr , uld

‘ not brea k the ordinances a nd st a tutes of the city except ” by the consent of the people. 1 I O n 1 1 6 he en e e e a a s o . n July 9 , 4 , t r d P rugi l rd a rr anging the order of the procession he settled a disput e b etw een the exiles a nd hi s soldie rs for nea rness to hi s

e son hi s s a a s eness s a n a he en e e p r with u u l tut , yi g th t t r d e a the e es e a new r e e e e P rugi with xil lik b id , xp ct d with p omp a nd circum st a nce, a nd m a de up a s qu a dron of the b es t of hi s s oldiers a nd the most highly connect ed of the T he ens e o a e exiles . citiz d c r t d th eir h ou ses with ca rpets a nd a es es n o the a s a nd the o e e t p tri hu g fr m w ll , c v r d e e t s e t o T he n o s so street s re k d wi h w e od urs . wi d w a l e e e ora e h a e s a nd e n out e o s w r d c t d wit c rp t , th y hu g pr ci u ’ a nd s en e e s a ns a nd o e o en s ear pl did j w l , ch i , th r w m g ne to th n T he a a w which rea ch ed arly e grou d . pi zz as o e e o s s e e a oss a nd the e a n s c v r d with cl th tr tch d cr , m rch t c ove red the w a ll s all round with fine cloth a nd other n e And the a a o o ha d fine en m erch a diz . P l zz Public Fr ch a e s o the n o s a nd s of o and s e c rp t fr m wi d w , cup g ld ilv r n pl a ced out side on littl e sh e lves . H aving i form ation of the grea t m agnificence of d ecora tion s hown a ll ov er the and the a e n e s of eo e who had o e to city, l rg umb r p pl c m e a he o ea er on the a t of the P rugi , th ught tr ch y p r n o a s an oss e so en e e the o a . e R p ti p ibl , t r d by P rt S A g l a nd soon was i n the a a a i o e e the a s Pi zz M gg r , whil m gi n a wa s a n for o s e the o a . os a a tr cy w iti g him ut id P rt S C t z , at the other end of the city ! He divid ed hi s men i nt o two o es a n one at the oo a nd the o e a t the b di , pl ci g f t th r ea of the a a e e the os e e o s a nd a an h d Pi zz , wh r m t d xt r u v li t s o s e the e en n a nd 1 00 an es o ne in knight j u t d till v i g, l c j i d the s a en e e wa s a a n e and na di pl y, th th r public d c illumi

1 22 T HE CON D OT T I E RI

a er of hi s o n r so tha the eo e e an t o o e f th c u t y, t p pl b g l v

T he s ra nsom of a o and a ea o a a es a him. C rl G l zz M l t t , ta en at a s e o o e wa s ats o the k C t ll di C ll , duc fr m

“ Mala teste and a wa s not eno n on o if th t ugh Guid A t i ,

o nt of on e e o o se o e in a C u M t f ltr , pr mi d m r short t n w s n e. s o e a e a o the so e so e im Thi m y divid d m g ldi ry , m had 40 and oth e rs 50 ﬂorins of gold ; consequently th ey s a he w s o e a a n a s d a se to the s es . id m t lib r l , pr i d him ki ea n e a e e e e e e soon s et een L vi g P rugi , wh r th r w r tumult b w the en e en a nd the o a e he en o a s o e g tl m p pul c , w t t w rd R m , e colle cting tribute on hi s way . Ri ti p a id him a s for a n e t o so e of hi s so ers duc t h vi g tri d kill m ldi , Spolet o a nd N orci a gave him for lea ving the m “ r e a t o e he wa s a e s e of a one . a l Ar iv d R m , h il d Rul r the of o e the eo e see n no e a a nst City R m , p pl i g h lp g i T he a e n h so o e an a e sa . o s . e ad p w rful dv r ry C t l S A g l , o e e t o be es e e and e een ne 1 6 and h w v r, b i g d, b tw Ju

Augu s t 26 he lost three - qu arters of hi s troop s by sick

‘ ness so he a e the o e of a n and e a e , g v up h p t ki g it d p rt d

- n n In the ne ea he the Rom a s quickly rebelli g . xt y r oo e ona and so to the enese for a s t k C t ld it Si duc t , a cc epted l a rge p aym ent s a s bla ckm a il from the pri nces in Pi cenum a nd the o of e o a n to e se to , l rd F rm d ri g r fu pay a ﬁne of duca t s rightly or wrongly was at t a ck ed and ma de pri soner and forced to pay d ouble ! From Lucc a he had and from N orsci a n he e ea e e wa s a es en e in duc at s i t sam y r. Th r p til c T he P erugi a and m any soldi ers and citizens died . Sienese b eing grat eful over the affa ir of C et ona sent at e own e ense 1 00 o se and 00 oo to a th ir xp h r 4 f t gu rd it , and ea ch yea r a ft er sent m oney to pay soldiers with out b eing a sk ed or exp ecting a ny return ! I b elieve th ere i n e a 1 1 1 20 s no s a ns an e e o e . O imil r i t c r c rd d F bru ry , 4 , B ra cci o st a rt ed for Flore nce to confe r with P ope M a rtin TH E CON DOTTI E RI 1 23

He en a s a eat o a o an e 00 V . w t gr l rd cc mp i d by 4 h orse oo so i e s the o e of hi s fin f a nd 0 . a e o 4 f t ld r , fl w r rmy, a s e t and o ne s i for e o es e p c f rm, fi r t ll th ir rich cl th , th ir s n a s ei o s e a s ses and the e hini g rm , th r p li h d cuir , gild d ” h a rness of th eir horses ; th ey we re followed by the os s n u s e en en of e a of ss s o m t di ti g i h d g tlem P rugi , A i i , T di , e o a n a nd ie a n ent esse and Orvi t , N r i R ti, m g ific ly dr d, e e a o an e the o s of oli no of a er no w r cc mp i d by l rd F g , C m i and abri ano ea of o had a o o s F , ch wh m with him p mp u

following of men and h orses . Wh en th ey rea ch ed C ortona th ey were s a luted with ch eers and were feasted o e of the lorentines who had sent o ssa es by rd r F , c mmi ri with an ord er to receive the lord of P erugia with pro s on not o on a nd o na a s s t o s vi i c mm rdi ry , but ump u u , rich ” os i and delica t e a s could p s bly be. From thi s pl a ce four Florentine gentlem en went with the cortege a s repre senting the nobility of the republic m a gniﬁcent b eyond T he h da e osse th belief. t ird y th y cr d e Arno and n f e th e tered the county o Florence. H re e c ommi ssa ries “ had levelled and eane the oa s and o en the , cl d r d , br k

' a e s n with h mm r e had a so o e l rg to es a e s . Th y l pr vid d oo in an a es and e es so t at e o f d m y pl c light d fir , h th y c uld at the sa me time w a rm a nd refres h the m selv es by eating nd n e o e h en e e o en e he too hi s a drinki g . B f r e t r d Fl r c k a s off a nd on a e ess a o ne o rm , put purpl dr d r d with g ld and silver and on hi s ea a red o n ca en e n , , h d r u d p, t ri g the city a mong the dea fening a ccla m a tions of a people anxiou s to be nea r the eve r — vict ori ou s h ero of the wa rs e n e to a e so a s to see of It aly . Th y ra from pl a c pl c him se e a N o one wa s e e e e e in a v r l tim es . v r r c iv d th t city so ono a nor h s a o the eo e a nd h ur bly wit uch f v ur by p pl , it did not seem to be the r eception of a foreign prince a e of e own n so eat wa s the a e on but r th r th ir ki g, gr ff cti a nd o T he os con b serva nce which th ey s howed . m t 1 24 T HE CON D OT TI E RI spi cuous citizens a nd the Fl orentine m a gi stra cy pla ced in e s and the o and a s e e him th ir mid t , , cr wd hurr h v r i ncrea sm a o an e to the a a e e e the g, cc mp i d him p l c wh r ’ He s e t th t o e e . e a e o e s ee sse P p liv d thr w him lf P p f , ki d hi s oo a nd en hi s an s and a e to ea f t th h d , pr y d him h r “ hi s a o o T he o e a se o teo n p l gy . P p r i d him c ur u sly a d gave th a nk s to G od t h a t he wa s reconciled to so grea t ” hen e e a e and a n a man. o e o te T th y mbr c d , Br cci r c u d the b enefit s he had conferred on the P opes and expla ined hi s ta king of P erugi a a nd o th e r cities as da m aging ’ a s a s n se a nd hi s a a t the o e s L di l , putti g him lf rmy P p T he e s e a ee on e e service. t rm th y gr d up w r bri efly th ese— Th a t the P ope sh ould pay b oth ca va lry and n an a e a s s s ana a e o e i f try ; th t P rugi , A i i , C i , Sp ll , J gi , Gu a ldo a nd T odi s hould rem a in unde r the governm ent of a o hi s sons a nd ne e s at a s e e a Br cci , ph w ; th C t l d ll e e on Alboddo and La o a on a a s o Pi v , M t R cc C tr d h uld be hi s and he o se e he s ne e war , c uld ll th m , but mu t v r a ga inst the C hurch nor h elp it s enemies ; th at he sh ould o hi s a a a ns the o o nese who e e in g with rmy g i t B l g , w r e o and not e n n o s a n e e e con r v lt , r tur i t Tu c y till th y w r e e e e or o hi s a a a ll a n s qu r d , ith r with with ut rmy ; th t l d ’ on e e e e to be the o e s a nd a he not c qu r d w r P p , th t if did T h e a o on succeed the trea ty sh ould not h old . e P op l s thi s occ a sion t ook off the excommunication und er which ' “ a o had been s n e 1 1 sa n ea san a Br cci i c 4 7, yi g pl tly, Th t he ha d not e o n a e to on xc mmu ic t d him hurt him , but ly ” for hi s correcti on and a s a s a lut a ry m edicine ! T he Florentines with th eir u sua l wit and fea rlessness sh ow ed wh a t th ey th ought of P ope and C ondottiere by the. verses which they wrote up a ll ov er the city

a i o a en e n e o n en e Br cc V l t , Vi c g i g t ; n a a a no N on a e un a o . P p M rti , v l qu ttri

1 26 T HE CON D OTTI E RI

t a di a s e o en the o e i a ﬁne Ci t C t ll , giv him by P p w th libe ra lity if he could conqu er it . Qu een Giov a nna of N aples ha ving sent a mb assa dor s offering grea t inducem ents to him a nd a sking hi s pity for a oo o an e e e e and e a e he be p r w m vil ly d c iv d b tr y d , a e ene a of her a a nd onst a e of the n o c m g r l rmy c bl ki gd m , and wa s m a d e C ount of F oggi a and Prince of C a pu a . In the war which he now undert ook he did not t a k e

“ hi s a o off for a s and it i s sa a e es of hi s rm ur d y , id th t pi c dress adh e red to it wh en he did at l a s t lay it a side . He e e e n onso on hi s an n a nd wa s o n r c iv d Ki g Alf l di g, g i g to en hi s nee to do e e en e but the n b d k him r v r c , ki g

a s e the an a se a nd gr p d him by right h d , r i d him up He was en a e o e no of a ll the embra ce d him . th m d G v r r n o the n se s ea n to o e ki gd m , ki g him lf w ri g publicly b y w He o him in eve rything rel a ting to the ar. destr yed ’ o a s a e a n nea a a and o he Sf rz rmy whil r idi g r C pu , th ugh es cap ed through the mid st of the enemy by the excel en e of hi s o se a few a s a e he a e n o the l c h r , d y ft r c m i t c a mp with only 1 5 follow ers and with out arm s Bra ccio e e e in a en wa a nd e a e for a r c iv d him fri dly y , th y t lk d on e a nd ne da he a e a a n his two l g tim , xt y c m g i with T w n sons . he a r b ei g ended and B r a cci o h aving to e n n o s an o a wa s a a n e e e n o r tur i t Tu c y, Sf rz g i r c iv d i t fa vour a nd pl a ced at the h ea d of the a rmy through ’ n n n Braccio s intercessi on. Ki g Alfo so a ccomp a ied him a s fa r a s Minturna and sa id fa rewe ll to him m ost a ffec l s to a n and a n tionate y . Amb a s adors ca m e him gai gai a s n to e n t o a es to e s r n n ki g him r tur N pl qu ll tumult , b i gi g o arand o n of o s ns of hi s n e o of c ll cr w g ld , ig pri c d m t a a . He wa s o ne a e i a on e a r 1 C pu cr w d P rug F bru y 3 , T h w the lord of F oligno ofﬁci a ting . e pi a zz a a s cov ered a n n s a nd the a a e o na en e o a nd with w i g , p l c r m t d with g ld ' In with purpl e cl oth embroidered with gold a nd silv er . TH E CON DOTTI ERI 1 27

s wa s a n o sea a nd es en en the mid t iv ry t , high r pl d t with ” na en and a o n e e o e sea s ess o na or m t , r u d it w r l w r t , l r mented Bra cci o s a t i n the centre and nea r him the

a a ssa o s a nd a e e the a s a es of the mb d r , ft r th m m gi tr t city, o n a nd fina lly soldi ers a nd citizens . J u sti gs followed the e e on in the a a a nd the eo e sa n son s in c r m y pi zz , p pl g g fi n f pr a i se of the muni cence of the Ki g o N aples . A third emb a ssy persua ded him to st art in M a rch on the T he a e at a wa s c a mpaign in which he di ed . b ttl Aquil e e e e o ens and the ea of hi s old en pr c d d by vil m , d th fri d “ Sforz a s m ot e him with m el a ncholy . Th ey say th at a o ear n of the ea of o a s o e no s ns Br cci , h i g d th Sf rz , h w d ig of o but o e o and o e e e es e e j y , with furr w d br w l w r d y , gri v d , i f r h n f r n m an e o t e s o e o t a e s o an. m l k , mi f rtu h t v y tr g He a se and r and o he wa s pr i d him highly t uly , th ugh s ee o ea an e in t he war he not s o thu fr d fr m gr t d g r , did h w a ee a e t o hi s so e s for the a s o o e s ha d ch rful f c ldi r , tr l g r predicted th a t soon a ft er he s h ould go through the risk f th n o e sa m e fortu e. Bra cci o wa s 8 month s and 9 day s o e an o a s o a the s en e of a e a ld r th Sf rz , th t ci c m th m tics a cquired grea t credit by the dea th of th ese two va li ant m ” en. For h n e o ly lived 5 m onth s longe r . Aquil a in the Abruzzi had b een b esi eged by him for a ea a nd n in to e en the e e n a o y r , thi k g pr v t r li vi g rmy fr m es a n he so anne the a e a s to a se e to c pi g, pl d b ttl c u th m w es e a on. e e o da o no a ho fight with d p r ti Mich l tt C tig l , was one of the ea e s o os e to o hi s n an l d r pp d him , t ld i f try to ri the o ses a nd the s ns of e e o t p up h r , ki w r br ugh in o a a e the a e but the e ea wa s r n t Aquil ft r b ttl , d f t p i ci

a o n to a of s a e for the a a r t noe p lly wi g l ck p c c v l y o m a uvre. T he ea e of the o os n o e wa s a o o a o a l d r pp i g f rc J c p C ld r , a nd he had n e a n es o o a e e o a nd u d r him Fr c c Sf rz , Mich l tt o en o da o no a and n am L r z C tig l Nicolo da Tole tino. C an s sa s the n an wa s nea e a on o s es p u y i f try rly qu l b th id , 1 2 8 T HE CON DOT TI E RI

' but a o a ha d es a s ma n a al a s C ld r 3 tim y c v ry B ra ccio . Hi s h elm et ha d a silver ga rl a nd on it and wa s covered a m s n He wa s with cr oi i cloth o which were silver b a lls .

o n e in the t oat a ate so e s a to a e w u d d hr by priv ldi r, id h v een a n e e o e a a nd hi s so e s too to b xil fr m P rugi , ldi r k w T h t e e n t a he a s ea . e s ese e ﬂigh , b li vi g h t d d kull pr rv d a t e u a ha s a s a an a r o e in o e e and P r gi m ll tri gul h l it , h w v r , t n h h w n i t H B a t agli i s ays t at e a s wou ded n he hea d . e wa s t a en sone a e ta n t o e who on e k pri r by c r i Vi t r , c duct d n to the ene a . a o a ea s for him g r l C ld r , mixi g t r him with the o of o oo o n o hi s o se a nd j y vict ry, t k him d w fr m h r ” n f on n n o hi s ent se t or s a ns . But c ducti g him i t t , phy ici he e n e e ne to die e se all so t s of e nes b i g d t rmi d , r fu d r m dici , a nd h aving p a ssed three d ay s with out eating or drinking or sa n a o e on ne 1 2 in the 6th yi g w rd , di d Ju 5 , 4 4 , 5 ear of hi s a e e t hi s so e s and the a a ns of y g , w p by ldi r c pt i ” t H h ea ene o e a n . o the enemy. e ad thr t d P p M rti V reduce him to such a st a te th a t he sh ould sa y 1 00 m a sses

nn ~ hi in o a nd its osses for a e . e s ea e p y Aft r d th , R m p s ons ee a s e o n a nd o e ss ons oo a e i thr d y r j ici g pr c i t k pl c , Hi o a s celebra ting the esca pe from a great d a nge r . s b dy w t e a t the o e see a nd a s c a rried o Rom th P p might it , o en o o le a i n a n n onse a e buried in S . L r z fu ri mur u c cr t d

a e a e e of ess s e for a few ea s a e hi s pl c , pi c fruitl pit , y r l t r neph ew Nicolo dell a Stella h a ving t a ken Rom e and ’ a se a a the o e oo hi s n e s ones to e a ch d w y P p , t k u cl b P rugi , a nd the P erugi a ns buried th em in the ch oir of San T h e n Francesco in 1 43 2 with grea t pomp . e church b i g n e e e emo e to the se in a ruinou s conditio th y w r r v d Mu um , e now are nea e in n es a nd wh ere th y , tly ti d up bu dl e a a ss a e a nd ns e enclosed in a ca sk t with gl lid , m d i crib d e e Ci a tti a n in the 1 7th century by M . R . P . M . F lic , Fr

— n. cisc an and tra nsl a t or of his life from L atin int o Ita lia He wa s the ﬁrst who divided his force int o s qu adrons

TH E CON D OTTI E RI 1 29

a a a n o e ea n se a a e not in the with c pt i v r ch , ﬁghti g p r t ly, n a s on in the o e a wa s en a a ncie t f hi which wh l rmy g ged .

His o o e s e e a e a e s o e ea e f ll w r w r c ll d Br cc chi , fr m th ir l d r, just as th ose of hi s grea t opponent Sforz a were c a lled o es a n o os on a e on for a no e ene a Sf rz chi , pp iti c rri d th r g r on n no a nd a a e a a who e e t a ne in ti by Picci i G tt m l t , w r r i d Hi s the opposi ng ca mp s . ch a ra cte r wa s thu s summ ed up by C a mpa nu s He wa s m ore plea sing a nd courteou s in o s an i n ee s not a l o n an one to ea e w rd th d d , l wi g y l v o ea o es of o a n n a he an e him with ut gr t h p bt i i g wh t w t d , ’ a nd wh en he wa s a sk e d for a thi ng which he didn t ant to e he o not sa at he not s to w giv w uld y th did wi h , r a o ea son h o not He not e but fo g od r e c uld . did giv H the ea son sa a he wa s e so . e a e r , but id th t v ry rry c ll d e e one hi s na e ea a a i ens a nd v ry by m with gr t ff bility, cit z so e s a nd e e was not the s a est - a a ldi r , th r m ll light c v lry man in the e ose na e he not no not a ﬁ ld wh m did k w , foot soldi er nor a recruit wh om he did not recognize a s He a s o n hi s a nd not belongi ng to the enemy . l o fte e e e e the a e s of a a ssa o s and e e he r m mb r d f c mb d r , wh r o wa s o n the had had bu siness with th em . Fr m which b r fooli sh opini on of the crowd th a t he ha d a spirit shut up in a cryst a l by which he divined the future a nd so e hi t In war no on wa s o e a a o s guid d s a c ions . e m r r p ci u a n he i n n th ; peace o greater lover of ju stice a nd equity . H w n Hi s e a s a grea t defende r of the poor a nd eedy . e t was to ea s e o ses and he se to d ligh build pl ur h u , u d n of t in w r He a e e e sons and thi k hem even a . h t d vil p r ” oa e s o h s he H e a e on e s of t a a . e l f r , wh m c ll d c um r pi zz was a man a e a o e e e t a on r th r b v middl h ight , wi h l g a e s a e ea a est hi s f c lightly ruddy, which g v him gr t m j y , e es e e not a e e a nd at the sa e y w r bl ck but v ry liv ly , full m e of a and a e to a ll hi s o e ea es tim gr vity g i ty , which th r f tur corresponded except th ose which had b een m a de sh a pe 1 30 T HE CON D OTT I E RI

s He wa s f less a nd ugly by sca r . o an a spect now

ea s ant now se e e a o n t o the e re ent s f pl , v r , cc rdi g r qui m o the t e but a a s o in anne e en hi s im , lw y l rdly m r, which v ene es on esse for ene e he wa s o n s n mi c f d , wh v r f u d itti g or standing a m ong a ny numb er of persons he wa s im m edia t ely recognized a s the most imp orta nt person ” An ns an e of hi s a a e i th ere . i t c impl c ble t mper s given the ea h of a o o s n who ha d o by d t P l Or i i , f ught with him H n a nd a a nst . e se a t a a to re g i him t T r gli kill him , membering v a riou s o cca si ons on which he had d one him ill turns ; who found him riding outsid e the w a ll s of Colfi orito a a s e of o no a o a n e hi s , c tl F lig , cc mp i d by so ie s a nd ex e n n T h f hi o a a . e o e o s ld r , p cti g tt ck wh l ’ men e e a en and st e a nd Braccio s o e s w r t k ripp d , rd r e e e on e r x cut d th ir l eade . i e o e s of the eat on o e he e e i n L k th r gr C d tti ri , d light d n a nd e e s e a n a t e a o ons of buildi g , th r till r m i P rugi p rti th s he e out a s h s a e o a e a o at a . w rk which c rri d , did l C pu ese the a est i s the a a o a o i s Of th l rg Pi zz S pr Mur , which supp ort ed on a rches thrown a cross from rock to rock n over portions of the Etru scan w a ll s . Amo gst th ese sub structures i s said to be the pri son in which the young an s not et a on was on ne for a ea a s the Fr ci , y m k , c ﬁ d y r T he a a f th a n pri soner of the P e rugi ans . p l ce o e C apt i of the eo e se now a s o s of s e a n p pl , u d c urt ju tic , buildi g of 1 2 ses on ose o n a ons and ose i s the 47 , ri up th f u d ti , cl by o na n e si of a few ea s a e e o e to the rigi l U iv r ty y r l t r , d v t d T h e of the n s s o n n sa m e purpose. e r st buildi g urr u di g In 1 2 he a the Pi a zza a re of much late r d a t e . 4 3 built

o a at the to of the a a del n o ose to the l ggi p Pi zz Mu icipi , cl a e a a of s e a ns : the a s a C th dr l , p rt which till r m i l t rch , a o e e e hi s a s wa s e o e to a e oo b v which w r rm , r m v d m k r m ’ in 1 66 a nd for Da nti s s a e of Po e s . V . t tu p Juliu I I I , 5 ; o n e o i s a so due to the great t ower a bove the P rt a S . A g l l

TH E CON DOTTI ERI 1 3 1

be n a of a a s e hi s a e him , i g p rt c tl built by rchit ct o a a n of o o na a s a o o e a e a sa s i n Fi r v ti B l g , Gi c m d ll Qu rci y a e e to e a o del Duonio of ena l tt r Op r i Si , July 4 , 2 n a e 1 8. O e o e to e e e s e 4 w uld lik b li v thi rli r , since it wa s benea th the a rch of thi s ga t e th a t n en o n to s an s met . o S . Fr ci S D mi ic , wh g i g vi it w o so the o e who a s en at e a . a a P p , th P rugi Br cci l anne o s of en nee n a nd a e a i s a e pl d w rk gi ri g, m d wh t c ll d ” the on e s a a a del a o a n e ssa by chr icl r C v L g , mi rium , o a s a o n a n the o e of wa s cut thr ugh m ll m u t i , bj ct which to prevent the w a t ers of L a k e T hra sy mene from ov er o n the ne o n an s and s e a the e or ﬂ wi g ighb uri g l d , p ci lly t rrit y of o ona e n e ﬂow n o e an e o C rt , by l tti g th m i t P rugi t rrit ry wa s 800 a es on a nd in so e a es 80 s It p c l g, m pl c cubit a s on ea s e o the a e ns high , with w ll ch id ; thr ugh it w t r ru th n lik e a river in e wi t er . Hi s ens n wa s a eo a h i s sa to a e een ig l p rd , w ich id h v b en the Benti vo li of o o na who e e hi s giv him by g B l g , w r a e en s o e e e o en ene es of the priv t fri d , th ugh th y w r p mi o e P p . ’ R N OT E T O B R ACC I O FOR T E B ACCIO S L IFE . At the time th a t Bra cci o wa s m a rri ed for the second e and ent to o for a est o the a es of tim , w T di r fr m c r a e a ea a e oo a e o s con St t , gr t tr g dy t k pl c , which thr w siderable light up on the m a nners a nd cu stom s of the eo e and t e e o e o e a os e a p pl , which I h r f r qu t lm t t xtu lly o a a n s t o e e are se e a a o nts en fr m C mp u , h ugh th r v r l cc u giv

of for it e te o o and s s t o o a . it , xci d h rr r di gu t hr ugh ut It ly T he lord s of F oligno mentioned we re Bart olomm eo

a nd o a o n the a ons of a ano e . C rr d Tri ci , p tr Ott vi N lli “ Th ere w ere three brothers lord s of Foligno and of o e a one of o o en ent t o o e a a nd o n N c r , wh m ft w N c r , l dgi g i n the c a stle b egan to look with l as civiou s eyes at the ’ a ste a n s e in s a anner a in a s o e C ll wif , uch m th t h rt tim 1 32 T HE CO ND OTT I E RI

o T h he a e o s to ee s . e a s e an a n c m fr m w rd d d C t ll , h vi g au the en e an in the a ct s s a e h c ght g tl m , di imul t d i s anger

ano e e and to a e his en ea n e the ee e till th r tim , m k v g c d p r , th ought to sl ay a ll three broth e rs at once ; a nd so th at he might do it the m ore certa inly he invit e d th em a ll t ogeth er with oth er gentl em en to hunt i n the wood s of T wo f o e a . o e on en a a e a N c r th m ly w t , with l rg p ck

' of o s for the who wa s o e the men of d g , third , l v d by e of e e e a so o s wa s n e Tr vi ( which th y w r l l rd ) , i vit d by e to o e s o e e a es a nd th m th r till m r d lightful g m ,

o e e the two e a o o of a e no wa s t g th r with , B r rd , l rd C m ri ,

' o e to o who a ene to a e one to o no blig d g , h pp d h v g F lig T h n a few d a ys b efore. e ev ening c a m e a d the adult erou s broth e r and B e ra rd o w ere lodged in the ca stle within T he C as the and en to e en oo s to es . city , w t diff r t r m r t tellan a n a s sa e e in e s s ee e the h vi g il d th m th ir ﬁr t l p , kill d a e e and oo e a o sone and not on en dult r r t k B r rd pri r , c t t s o e the o o n o n n a se the with thi h micid , f ll wi g m r i g c u d o e o e who had s e on the oo in the o se th r br th r , l pt ﬂ r h u

of a en to be a e as hi s o e a nd a s soon a s fri d , c ll d if by br th r , he wa s n the a s e e e the s a e a s withi c tl , murd r d him with m rm

W he had e hi s o e a nd oo r sone s ith which kill d br th r , t k p i r T he e the Folignese who ha d com e with them . crim wa s s na o e en the a s e a n to e e the till u v w d wh C t ll , xcit eo e to e e on a n a e the s of the ens p pl r b lli , h vi g c ll d ﬁr t citiz to a e e o e the a s e a e e an to a e p rl y b f r c tl g t , b g pr y th m

to a e a s to e o e e e t for he had a ea t k rm r c v r th ir lib r y . lr dy in son two of the o s a nd o e e pri l rd , w uld kill th m dir ctly , not d esiring to sh ow th a t th ey w ere d ead until the T he ens s s n the people had t ak en up a rm s . citiz di tru ti g

n s and erﬁd of the man a se not to rash e s p y , dvi d him d et ermi ne to do so g rea t a crim e a nd not to betray hi s

s : a n a he the eo e of o e a o tru t ddi g th t if did , p pl N c r w uld

a e e a en e s of t e o s a nd a immedi t ly b come v g r h ir l rd , th t

1 34 T HE CON D OTTI E RI

to e se es in a h n o e to a with him put th m lv m rc i g rd r , c ll the others from th eir qu a rter s so th a t th ey might foll ow him a s s oon a s oss e and he o a n for p ibl , , with ut w iti g

e o n en off a few ho se en to ocera th ir c mi g, w t with r m N ; a nd a s soon a s he a rrived sent a trump eter to the Cas tellan i o e s to a sk a t ose e es or f w th rd r wh r qu t , or wh a t ea son he had o e so ea t a T o r c mmitt d gr crim e. wh om he r eplied th a t he ha d d one it out of hi s own h ea d a nd ’ n ne not a t a o s s es on. a s for the ea son y ugg ti B ut r , if he had ha d no o e wa s in hi s en th r, it judgm t a sufﬁcient one to ha e so t to ee hi s o n a nd his eo e v ugh fr c u try p pl , a nd to h av e a t the s a me tim e revenged a public a nd a a o a n a te ee o priva t e injury . Br cci h vi g w i d thr wh le d ays e o e the a s e for hi s o e oo s had o e e b f r c tl th r tr p , c ll ct d a e s ea s and o e ne essa n s a nd in l dd r , b m th r c ry thi g , put o e an a nd a o s nst en s of war s o a t rd r m y v ri u i rum t , th if he could not produce his effect with one he might do so by ﬁghting with m a ny a t the sa m e tim e in v a riou s T h da he m a nne rs and in different pla ces . e fourth y

a the a ssa h a ll hi s oo s a t on e and a ll g v e ult wit tr p c , put the m a chines which he ha d provided by the side of the

a s so a the so e s o n e o e n the w ll , th t ldi r m u t d by f rc withi

a s and n e e oo the a e of the oute r w ll , ﬁghti g th r , t k f th r

a s e a n so e s who had e a and C t ll with 39 ldi r , k pt gu rd , T he n n e oo e to the a a . bi di g th m tightly, t k th m pi zz n ose who ha d e hi s o e s o e l ord seei g th kill d br th r , m v d

a ness a n an e ca t i eces out o t/ze ra th er by m d th by g r , p f

a tettmz a nd a ve t/zem to Me d o s to ea t fa ther of the C s g g , and comm a nd ed th a t all the other soldiers and serva nt s

sh ould be put to t orture i n different pla ces a nd killed . a e o e s e a e at the So som e were imp l d , th r di d dr gg d

f o ses a nd o e s had e oa s a nd ta il s o h r , th r th ir thr t cut , e e and s a e e a on the s t ee s the grea ter p a rt qu a rt r d c tt r d l g r t , were a n ex a mpl e of the cruelty of the tyrant to th eir TH E CONDOTTI ERI

ea e and s os s e a e the e es of tr ch ry, with thi m t ugly p ct cl y e e e a ne the ee of the enemy were sa ti a te d . Th r r m i d k p the a s e a s ha d no e en e ha d e c tl which , it d f d r, much high r e e the a s e an e e a nd a s soon a s he s. wa ll H r C t ll r tir d ,

e a e a a e a the ene a n o n o n the b c m w r th t my , h vi g thr w d w e en es had a ne enea a nd had the o e d f c , mi b th it cut t w r

a t the oo n s to e en e se in e e wa e f ti g , r v g him lf v ry y thr w hi s wife from the high est tower in the sight of the enemy ; no one know s wh eth er he did it les t she sh ould ’ n o the n s an s r to n sh h T a e e e o er. he f ll i t mi h d , pu i ene es a ea en e e n o the o e the ne mi lr dy t r d i t t w r by mi , a s en e the s s a a se a nd the a s e an a nd hi s c d d ﬁr t t irc , C t ll o he e en n e se es o o s o a o e br t r d f di g th m lv vig r u ly fr m b v , stood with a rm s in th eir h ands a ga i nst th ose who c a me o n o n on e ea s not on s ones an up , thr wi g d w th ir h d ly t , m y of had een a e e e for a os e a s o which b pl c d th r th t purp , but l

- T h e n roof tiles a nd st ones from the wa ll . e Bracc schi o

the o e an not e e t n an e a o the th r h d, xp c i g y r w rd fr m

a nd nn n e ea an e ent o a o ﬁght ru i g v ry gr t d g r, w f rw rd c ldly, which Bra ccio becoming a wa re of m ad e th em bring a lot

of oo and s a and se n ﬁre t o e dry w d tr w, tti g it , it ﬁll d

h a e a nd s o e the a st a of the o e at the wit ﬂ m m k l p rt t w r, sa me t i me ﬁlling the eyes with s mok e a nd burning the

T he a s n e n e rafters with ﬂ a me . C t ell a b i g forc d by

s an es ne e e n a e to o o n the circum t c , ith r b i g bl thr w d w st ones h ea ted by the ﬁre nor see the ene my on a ccount

of the s o e a e se at s e on to the m k , g v him lf up di cr ti judg

en f en the so e s a s en e to the to m t o Bra cci o. Th ldi r c d d p

of the a s e en e e e o n the a s e an and c tl , wh c th y thr w d w C t ll

hi s o e o an of the a a n a e the e a e br th r by c mm d c pt i , ft r x mpl t aught them a little b efore by him in the person of hi s

e a a ns o the o a e use of the ea es wif , g i t wh m l rd m d gr t t

e o ea in s a a nne a do not cru lty, th ugh d d , uch m r th t I 1 36 T HE C ON D OT T I E RI

ate the e t Of the e or k now which wa s the gre r , cru l y crim ” of the puni shment .

1 38 T HE C ON D OT TI E RI i n pa wn to a n innk eep er while he w ent a wa y to n n o o na . o o e a d e e e a e a B l g Nic l , b i g bright cl v r, b c m ’ a o e the nn ee e s s o e s a nd e s f v urit with i k p r cu t m r , th ir gift ’ a nd those of othe r tra vellers soon p ai d off the uncle s e a nd he was a e to o o to o o na on to d bt , bl f ll w him B l g , ly ee h s a o n en o e e for he not ﬁnd m t wit di pp i tm t , h w v r, did n e w e e . e a s o no to et hi s own n him th r B i g ccu t m d g livi g , he so o i a o se ea e oo n a e hi s ught w rk w th h r d l r , l ki g ft r

o ses a nd one da en he wa s o n e on a h r , y wh m u t d v ery

o se a e a n a o o eo es o a a n of a wild h r c rt i B rt l mm S ti , c pt i o a n s aw a s e who he wa s e n s t c mp y , him , k d , b i g truck wi h his e e a nd e a n a he wa s a e u an a s e d xt rity , h ri g th t P r gi , k d t n e n s o h i a t o h a ve him a s hi s serva t . B i g h rt e s s id o ” “ a e en the na e of n no the e h v giv him m Picci i , littl ” one for e e wa s no one in the o an o n e or , th r c mp y y u g r s e a on of hi s na e o s sm a lle r th a n he . Thi d riv ti m s u nd e ee n o a e the e ae a on ness for n xc di gly pr b bl , m di v l f d ick na es e n a en n o ons e a on the e en e m b i g t k i t c id r ti , but vid c ’ a b out the fa mily butch er s b ench seem s to prove th a t Af e es o the na m e wa s older th an Nicolo. ter a tim S ti hi s a e a e a to e o he e gave him d ught r G bri ll wif , wh m kill d on s s on of n a nes s w one ma s ose u pici u f ithful , hich y upp wa s e o n e s n e hi s en e a ons her w ll f u d d , i c fri dly r l ti with fa th er do not seem to h a v e b een interrupted . ’ After Sestio s d ea th he put him self u nd er G uglieluo Lancelotti s na e Il e a a a o e a a n of , ur m d M cc , f v urit c pt i ” ort ebra ccio o an n 00 e a e e e s a o F , c mm di g 4 c l t , h lm t , w rd ' n 11 e a s ea u sed for the men who w ore th em . O M cc d th he se e ort ebra ccio e a nd a n e e in rv d F dir ctly, h vi g h lp d

a a n a in e a was en a o an of ll yi g tumult P rugi , giv c mm d 1 a o sen to e en the a a e of 00 horse. Br cci t him pr v t r v g

o a a nd o da on e e o a nd he Gubbi o by Sf rz Guid M t f ltr , Hi on returned success ful with spoil and pri soners . s sec d ’ w th a e of ortebra ccio s o e a nd wife a s e d ught r F br th r , . S . E o a o e a T he Po rta rc l n . P rugi

1 1 8. To fa ce 1 . 3

1 40 T HE CO N D OTT I E RI

e n a so o e e for e n or I b i g l ff r d th m livi g dea d . t i s a l so sa that t e e to o son eans of a oo id h y tri d p i him by m c k , who on c fessed under t orture . After ﬁghting in Liguri a and ot e a ts for the s on he wa s a h r p r Vi c ti , d opted into the a a the e a e a se e n hi duc l f mily, imm di t c u b i g s successes a a nst Monferrat in 1 1 en he oo 0 g i 43 , wh t k 3 towns in 0 H w 3 d ays . e as a lso m ade general of a ll the Mila nese forces . S oon a fter he wa s struck by a poi soned a rrow in the na e of the ne at a e o e the O lio and it p ck bridg v r g , wa s 60 a s e o e he e o e e n ee he wa s a e d y b f r r c v r d , i d d l m to the end of hi s a s in n d y co sequ ence. In 1 434 he th ought he would lik e to see hi s native o nt a a n a nd so a a s t to e a ost c u ry g i , p id vi i P rugi , which c the n a t ﬂo in He wa s e e e ea mu icip li y r s . r c iv d with gr t

ono a nd es es a nd the T en e ee a h ur f tiviti , d cr d th t ﬂorins of gold sh ould be expended on b a nquet s a nd H n th n n ea s s . e e e e e o s 8 a d e f t t r d city Augu t , l ft it a s a e h 1 0 o se ea e the a ant a a 4 d y l t r wit 5 h r , h d d by v li M l He wa s a e a s s one the t est a B agli oni . ft rw rd umm d by e a ns to e en e a a ns o a who wa s in P rugi d f d th m g i t Sf rz , the se e of the o e o o e a e a ne e of rvic P p , Nic l d ll St ll , ph w

Fortebraccio a n n a e the ta es of the . , h vi g i v d d S t Church B etween Imol a a nd C a stel B olognese he bea t the a rmies e onte o a e of the league by clev er str a t gy . A c mp r ry P ru gi an a ccount thu s des cribes the b a ttle T he people of th a n o e o e e on s 26 sen e Church h vi g c m t g th r , Augu t , t to the a ta n- ene a o o n no a on n a c p i g r l , Nic l Picci i , th t Su d y, s 2 e o o e to see and at he Augu t 9 , th y w uld c m k him , th m s o hi s at e in a a a n an onest a n. h uld put b tl rr y, c lli g him h He answered them th at th ey could come when they H en ea se and a e o be e o e. e pl d , th t th y w uld w lc m th

a e a ll hi s on o a o e e a nd sa to e a c ll d c d tt t g th r, id th m th t if th ey w ere c ontented to follow out hi s plans he had it So his in his h ea rt to m ak e a ll the enemy pri soners . T HE CON D OTTI E RI 1 4 1

soldiers answ ered th a t th ey w ere prep ared to follow out O n the 2 th n no o e out 800 a ll hi s ord ers . 7 Picci i r d with h orse and went to a bridge which th ere i s over a river a e R i o an na o wa s a e the eo e c ll d S gui ri , which gu rd d by p pl of the ea e a nd he a e a e n of a n a nd at l gu , m d f i t t ki g it , a s saw a he o a e he a n e to en he l t th t c uld t k it if w t d , th went from the roa d a long the strea m to consid er wh ere he o o a nd a n o n out he e ne to c uld f rd it , h vi g f u d , r tur d en he o e e a ll to be a e and o e ca mp . Th rd r d rm d pr vid d n i n o e th e o with ra tions a nd draw up rd r e n xt m rning . O n the 2 8th he ca lled B erardino della C a rd a with hi s

s a on a nd o an e to o a nd a e the e qu dr c mm d d him g t k bridg ,

a nd a n to a e se e on a nd en he , h vi g it , pl c him lf b y d it , wh could see the c a mp of the enemy he sh ould retire a nd h r n o e a oss t e e a a s e a s he es o . c m cr b idg , lw y r tiri g b t c uld

— Th en he ca lled 800 men- at a rm s with h elmet on h ea d and an e on and o e e e to o a on the e l c thigh , rd r d th m g l g riv r a nd m a k e fa scines so th a t th ey might cros s the river ’ on e a nd en t e saw the ene s a dis th m , wh h y my c mp turbed a e s o o e o a s it a nd th t th y h uld m v quickly t w rd , should ride furi ou sly with bridl e loose a nd sh ould not ’ s o n e ea e the ene s a s and a e t p u til th y r ch d my ﬂ g , rriv d e e s e n An o o o e to the ea . d th r , h uld thr w th m vi l tly rth a s he had o a n e so e and he hi s c mm d d , th y did , with

squ a dron rem a ined on the hith er side of the bridge .

Th en B e ra rdino d ella C a rda went a nd took ~ the said

e a s he had een o e e a o e e wa s so e bridg b rd r d , lth ugh th r m n so a the a of the ene oo to a s ﬁghti g , th t c mp my t k rm , and a grea t noi se of b a ttle drew th em thith e r ; a nd so m a ny w ere the men who went th ere th a t he was obliged

’ to e e so a h h e ad to oss the e a a a n. r tir , th t cr bridg b ck g i

n s e the 800 men- at - a s a sse the e Duri g thi tim rm p d riv r, and ea n the no se of a e r s e on the a n of h ri g i b ttl , u h d ﬂ k the ene i ea o n do n a ll the a s my w th gr t fury , thr wi g w ﬂ g 1 42 T HE CON D OT T I E RI

an o o n to the ea of th d f ll wi g up h d e b attle . From the ot e an the a ta n t a i s to sa o o P n no h r b d c p i , h t y , Nic l icci i , see n e e n a s it a sse a o e an of i g v rythi g p d , ll w d m y the men of the ea e to a ss the e who o o l gu p bridg , f ll wed e a no e a a a a nd had a ea eate B r rdi d ll C rd , lr dy tr d him b adly ; . th en he di scove red him self with hi s men i n ’ Berardino s a o so at the eo e of the ea e e e f v ur , th p pl l gu w r a a e o i n on a nd e n a nd e e o e to tt ck d b th fr t b hi d , w r blig d

ea a nd t o s a e And so the a br k up fly e c p with life . c mp of the ea e wa s e o en and e a a e l gu quit br k up , th ir b gg g wa s sa e and an a a ns a nd eo e e or ck d , m y c pt i p pl kill d T he a a ns a en e e t n of the a en. he a a t k c pt i t k w r , C pt i o ne of o en e o oda o ent no the o of C mmu Fl r c , Nic l T l i , L rd aenza a e s o e e Giovan a o o s n F , c ll d A t rr , Pi r P l (Or i i) e e o da a s ano esa e da a nen o o ann Gu rri r M r ci , C r M rti g , Gi v i Mala volta Ghiberto da e e o da ene a Lo , Mich l tt V zi , T he C ondot dovico da o o a nn del os a a . F rli , Gi v i M t rd tieri who esca p ed were the Signor Guid ant onio M anfredi n e and a a e a a who wa s o e in the . e G tt m l t , w u d d thigh Th r was a oo of o ses and 00 men- at - a s a nd b ty h r 3 rm , In hi s a a n in the a es foot soldiers . c mp ig M rch t n o a ga inst Sforz a a curiou s inciden occurred at M o tef rtino . e s n a e a nd nes a a nst the Aft r u i g rtill ry mi g i city , it T he two a es s en e e o e e en e . urr d r d , th ugh w ll d f d d rmi fought for three d ays and m any soldiers died on b oth In th e of th e na o de e s es . e e id middl fight B r rd M dici , the o en ne o ssa esen e se to Fl r ti C mmi ry , pr t d him lf Pic cinino and in the na e of the o e for o he wa s , m P p ( wh m fighting) a dvised him to h old a short conversation with “ T he two n e e a e e sse o a . o o Sf rz C d tti ri mbr c d , th y ki d , e a e ea e and i n o a s e o a e th y m d p c , b th c mp th y pr cl im d a o e a ons s o ea se a nd e ete the e on th t p r ti h uld c , th y f d r c ” i a on f th o e a e the o s cil ti o e brav e . S m e tim ft r c mmi s at ies of P op e Eugeniu s ab solved Picci nino from the

1 44 T HE CON D OTTI E RI

e e enen the o ent ne wa s in son a se Mich l B i Fl r i , put pri , ccu d of p ecula ti on ; th en with the T en and the chief men of the city at hi s side he went next m orning t o the

’ “ gove rnors h ou se and bemoa ned with him th at Eugeniu s had en e to the lor n i e IV . giv h lp F e t n s to the prejudice ” f h f N or w h t n o t e Duk e o Mil an. a s e con e ted with thi s he n e the o e no to ea e the n i duc d g v r r l v city , givi g him ’ a o ss on to o to o en e in hi s o o Pi ccinino s c mmi i g F l r c , Nic l “ na e to sa to the o e at he s e to be ee m , y P p th if wi h d fr and to return t o R om e a nd re m a in th ere with out a ny s s on wa s ne essa at he s o a en to u pici , it c ry th h uld tt d s a n s and not e e the o n s of piritu l thi g , m ddl with d i g the e of a n nor of the ene a ns nor of the Duk Mil , V ti , o en ne s a nd a en he wa s ea to do s the Fl r ti , th t wh r dy thi ca a n o es o e to o o na and o e an s pt i w uld r t r him B l g th r l d , es a nd o n s os or i n e e on e on n to citi , h ldi g , l t r b lli , b l gi g o and en he o en a e to e o e the H ly Church , th w uld g g r c v r wh ole of the m a rch es ; and th a t he w ould engage and w ns hi s promi se to do all thi s at hi s o n expe e . But if o ness wa s not n to do th s the sa e a a n H li willi g i , m c pt i Nicolo Piccinino w a rned him th at he w ould try to t ak e h s Rome from him and a s much else a s e could . Thi wa s l aying d own the law to the h ea d of the Church with a en ean e ! T he o es of the e ans o e e v g c h p P rugi , h w v r , di sa ppea red a s cloud s b efore the wind ; nothing wa s an e and the on e s sa a an e sons ch g d , chr icl r y th t m y p r d ep osit ed in a few h ours th ou sand s of ﬂorins so th a t ’ b a stene He ha d im Pi ccinino s d ep a rture might e h d . ose a oan on the ens s n a oe e p d l citiz , publi hi g th t wh v r o a s in ee a s s o a n 1 0 er ent br ught duc t thr d y h uld g i p c , oe e so in six a s 8 er ent and ose who wh v r did d y p c , th so in n ne a s er ent but ose who had not did i d y 4 p c , th brought m oney at the expira tion of th at tim e sh ould He e on ne pay by force and with out any int erest . l ft Ju Vi e a a e a . T e a re a of e The a D ll St lle , P rugi ( h se p rts the Anci nt a \Va E trusc n City y s ) .

a 3 1 . T o f ce 1 . 44

1 46 T HE CON D OTT I E RI

i en s on o e s sa a t on o ses and g v by Si m di , th r y th ly h r e e e e or soldi ers were t a k en. Th r w r o a an s and n no e t a ll his a a e and a c mb t t , Picci i l f b gg g h lf hi s a in the an s of the o en nes a e rmy h d Fl r ti , v ry rich Hi s on ontes a a e a a a o n a e vict ory . l g c t with G tt m l t r u d L k G a rd a was w a ge d with v a rying fort une a nd grea t d eter h es In the s e e of es a 800 mina ti on on b ot sid . i g Br ci Bresci ans e and 200 e so e s e n no di d hir d ldi r , whil Picci i fir T h f ost 2 00 ost of e a e e . e e o l 5 , m th m by rtill ry Duk Mil an 3 fleet h a ving comm and of the l a ke the Venetians took two ga lley s and som e s m all er ves sel s ove r the m ounta ins to T orb ol e and ordered th at th ey sh ould s top ’ at Sale a nd a e no but Pic cinino s ee on e e M d r , fl t c qu r d th em and G att a mela t a wa s obliged to m a k e hi s cele a a a n s s brated m a rch round the l a k e to Riv a . C v lc ti ay ’ th a t wh en the Veneti a n b oa t s a ppea red Pi cc ini no s men sa was a n a of o a s a the oa s a nd id it rmy imm rt l , th t b t men s a e a en o ea en and a wa s too mu t h v f ll fr m h v , th t it d angerou s for m ort a l men to fight a ga inst the di sp ositions of G od ! In the evening th ere w ere neith e r men nor oats to be seen on the a e in the o n n e e b l k , but m r i g th r e e eno for a n a a nd the o n a no s o s w r ugh rmy , m u t i u r ck a o n o e h r u d pr v d th at th ey mu st h a ve com e from t e ski es . n no wa s a e a s e ea e an es o o a Picci i ft rw rd d f t d by Fr c c Sf rz , who had o ne a a e a a a nd wa s a e a j i d G tt m l t , c rri d by G erm an serv a nt d own the rock s to the l ak e a nd put on a s n oa he e ne s a e to a fi hi g b t by which r tur d f ly Riv ,

e e hi s a w s He wa s a a n e ea e e a . at ne wh r rmy g i d f t d Thi , os n 00 oo a nd 200 o se e ea e a o l i g 5 f t h r , with th ir l d r C rl on a a son of the s of n H w a a a . e a s s G z g , M rqui M tu hut

i n ene a nd on ot a a a s a a e . up Thi , ly g w y by tr t g m Acc ording to a Bresci a n a ccount the only way he could esc a pe G a tt a m el a t a was to hide him se lf in a dirty s a ck a nd be a e out on the s o e s of a a e e c rri d h uld r gr v digg r , T HE CON D OTT I ERI 1 47

a ca in hi s an a nd a e he a e a a with p h d b ll c rri d him w y, n i n hi s e and a a e a a see n a s e a ri g g b ll , G tt m l t i g him , k d wh t he had e e a nd he a ns e e a wa s a ma n ea th r , w r d th t it d d of the a e a he wa s o n t o a nd no n pl gu , th t g i g bury, thi g mor e wa s sa id to him b ec au s e oth er corp ses were b eing ” “ o i o sa s o e e o e sa a a e b . c rri d y P gg y , h w v r, S m y th t ’ U o San e e no a on o e e of o a s met Pic g di S v ri , C d tti r Sf rz , cinino a nd s o n o a ss n for hi s s a e s o n e , h wi g c mp io t t , di m u t d o hi s o se a nd a n o n in hi s a e let fr m h r m ki g him m u t pl c , e s a e the act him go sa fely to hi s peopl e . Oth r ttribut n a en he o t s en e e to to Ci ar ellone . t p A yw y, wh f r urr d r d o a n no wa s not e e and the ne n e Sf rz , Picci i th r , xt thi g th y h ea rd of him wa s th a t he had t a k en V erona by a coup d e m i n an a e a a soon o e out a . Sforz a d G tt am l t dr v him

of s - a nd in the t a e o e o n thi city ﬁgh bridg br k d w , by which Piccinino lost m ore th a n men in pri soners s i s the es a e of and drowned count ed t ogeth er . Thi tim t a n a s o e s e o e . N ot on C mp u , but th r put it v ry much l w r l g a ft er Francesco Sforz a wa s b esi egi ng M a rti nengo and ’ owing to Piccinino s m a st erly stra tegy w a s in such stra it s a the a e e se e o f o a nd o e t o the th t l tt r f lt cur vict ry , wr t Duke of Mil an s aying th a t he now had it in hi s power

to a e a so e o of o a a nd a s n m k him b lut l rd L mb rdy , ki g “ for the o s of a en a a s hi s e a a e a l rd hip Pi c z r w rd , r w rd o f o so ea a n n e a n not o not es . w rthy gr t u d rt ki g, g ld , titl not an o e a e o s on the ossess on of a imm d r t l rd hip , ly p i city (h ere he na med Pi a cenz a) wh ere t o rep ose hi s w ea ry

s in hi s a s ea s of e a e so an e se e e limb l t y r lif , ft r m y v ry v r ” a He l bours for him the m o s t glori ou s Duk e of Mila n. added th a t if he was refu sed he would immedi a t ely t a k e hi s soldi er s el sewh ere a nd renounce a cert a i n vict ory . Oth ers of hi s c a pt a ins a l so wrote a sking for the lord ship of o e e w th r citi s . Filippo M a ri a Vi sconti a s so much s ea se a he not answe an of e di pl d th t did r y th m , but 1 48 T HE CON D OTT I E RI

ns ea a e - o e t e s to o a offer n the an i t d m d v r ur Sf rz , i g him h d of hi s d aughter Bi anc a M a ri a and the l ord ship of C re ona and o e es a o osa o a s e m th r citi , pr p l which Sf rz ubmitt d

n of ar a n the e a to hi s C ou cil W d V neti n C ommi ssa ri es . A s a result of thi s Piccinino det e rmine d to offer hi s

“ se es to the o e a nd a er so e ne o a ons he rvic P p , ft m g ti ti wa s a o n e on a on e of the and 00 a s pp i t d g f l i r Church , 3 duc t we re to be spent i n doing him h onour on the occ a sion of hi s inves titure . T he e e on oo a e in e i a on ne 6 1 2 c r m y t k pl c P rug Ju , 44 , h a n en e e the a o th o e e d e e e a . o h vi g t r d y b f r by P rt S Pi tr , a nd a e s n the o e no a n s e in a a ft r vi iti g g v r r , h vi g l pt p rt m n n th e s of e t s prepa red for him in the cit a d el . O e st p

o en o a a n en s a n wa s a se s o s S . L r z m g ific t t gi g r i d , umptu u ly H dra ped . e wa s to h a ve receiv ed the bat on a nd the fl ags “ had een es se o the an s of s o s which b bl d , fr m h d illu tri u e sona es on s s a n the a n s o the p r g thi t gi g , but r i p ilt ’ th on o o in the a e splend our of e cerem y . At 3 cl ck ft r ’ noon Piccinino w ent from the cit a d el to the govefnor s a a e en a o a n e o o o on a a p l c , th , cc mp i d by him , by L d vic G z g a nd an en e en a nd a a ns the o ssa es m y g tl m c pt i , by C mmi ri of the o e the n of a es and the e of P p , Ki g N pl Duk an the T en a nd a n n n e n e of no es Mil , by i fi it umb r bl , ens and o on eo e en to the o a of citiz c mm p pl , w t l ggi

a o was e nea in the e e on Br cci , which quit r , which c r m y w e an a es s the oo a e to be out of the et . t k pl c , Aft r ddr s a ons een N i cole a nd en s e e ea tipul ti betw Eug iu w r r d , a nd the s o of a es the o e no of e u a Archbi h p N pl , G v r r P r gi , a e the a on of o a n a nd two a s one g v him b t c mm d ﬂ g , with t he a s of the e e s on a red o n rm Church , whit k y gr u d , the o e th f h e th r with e arm s o t e r igning P ope . All th en ’ returned to the a rchbi sh op s h ou s e a nd th ere t alk ed for a e en the ne - a o n e on a on e the tim , th wly pp i t d g f l i r, with s a e e s e o a n wen o one end to the o e m f tiv c mp y , t fr m th r

T HE CON DOT T I E RI 1 49

of the s ee now a e the o so o o a n e e tr t c ll d C r Vitt ri Em u l , “ a nd with the h a rmony of ba gpip es a nd trump et s a nd

the so n of s a the a o o s a s u d drum , mid cl m r u hurr h of a

eo e n h o a s s a e a e p pl dru k wit j y , with ﬂ g di pl y d , c rri d by Agam emnon degli Arcipreti and Gi a como di G a lia no of the n o of a es i s o n e a t the o ess ki gd m N pl , d m u t d f rtr , wh ere next day he greet ed the Si enese a mba ssa dors a e the o in the en wa r I w lli d with P pe pres t . t a s a ‘ ’ es a da for a ll for the e es a e nto the o n f t y , xil c m i c u ty and had n e o se h t ei e o ens a nd to oo i t rc ur wit h r f ll w citiz , f t a nd horsem en who c a me in crowds to P erugia they di s ” e ea ne n ot a d e a s o one . tribut d br d , wi h r victu l with ut m y It wa s sh ortly a fter thi s th a t one of the lea st defens ible h th s f i of i s a e a s oo a e . e a o ss s W l t r ct t k pl c , viz , ck A i, hich wa s c a rried out with grea t brut a lity by hi s soldiers under T h tw n te hi s o e s . e o o s a ea o e e rd r t w h d ch th r bitt rly, a nd e e on n a t n a n sone s and w r c ti u lly ﬁgh i g , t ki g pri r , o eri n them or sa l e in the e a e e e i s an ff g f m a rk t pl c . Th r

a o n of ten an e e - nes s a oe on cc u t it writ by y wit , p t , up which a very vivid des cription ha s been found ed by Fa bretti which is w orth tra ns la ting a s s howing th a t It ali ans could be a s pitiles s to th eir fellow countrymen

a s e a ns or n a a ns or e en the a ne G rm Hu g ri , v m lig d “ n th w r ll n l s . e a a s o s e e s h no one E g i h Duri g h p w r ut ,

o e at his a e but all e a e so e s . oe e w rk d tr d , b c m ldi r Wh v r did not go to the glori ou s fi eld of the church p aid ten u a s a nd os the ono of ns and d c t , l t h ur citize hip public e o en he ha d T he o e nor en out of mpl ym t if it . g v r w t the on o se a o sa n s of ens o o e on city h r b ck , th u d citiz f ll w d “ ” oot or o se e n o a es se ons of the f h r , divid d i t g t ( cti city) , s ose of the t n a o s and o a . e o the os o fir t th P r S A g l , m t v l r u ea t t nd 00 r dy o fight . Th ere were a bout foo a 5

Fr t w n o . a a h orse . a Pie ro da Tomm a so a s se t fr m S M ri e n e to a e e s and a few o s a e e e d gli A g li m k t rm , h ur ft r v ry 1 56 T HE C ON D OTTI E RI

one wa s o e e to e n o e to hi s o a rd r d r tur h m ccup tion. An a tt a ck on the p eople of Sp ell o by the A s si sa ns m a de the e a ns rn T P rugi bu with rage . he T en a pp ea l ed to

n no to a en e hi s o n for the ns Picci i v g c u try i ult . He

e e o s s a s oon be e ss s i s n r pli d , Y ur wi h h ll fulfill d A i i mi e, to be e a ten up : it i s a country which I giv e a s a d ona tion to my soldiers who will put it to fire a nd sa ck a nd your ” s a be will h ll fulfilled . An env oy from A ss i si a sking ’ ea e on the er ans e w p c P ugi t rm s a s re fu sed . Piccinino had o e an so e s n n a a a nd m r th ldi r , i cludi g c v lry n T h i fantry . e fri a rs tried a ll m ea ns to comp ose m a tt ers but P n n w T he o a s i ce . a es of ss s e e ose icci i g t A i i w r cl d , by different a nd na rrow Op enings m a de in the w a ll s of the so e s ent out to s s es essan o city ldi r w kirmi h , Al dr ’ n e e 8 P i n s o a e e e . O o 2 icc ni o Sf rz dir ct d th m N v mb r , a wa s in a e a a Pa zza lia o a s e o rmy b ttl rr y, g , Ricci di C t ll , a nd N i cole Brunoro with the infantry t a king the height s nea es to the a e a nd e Gi a m olo s n o os e r t cit d l, Pi r p Or i i pp it the church of San Francesco : the rest of the men— at — a rm s were pl a ced in oth er pa rt s ; a ll w ere silent at the w a ll s . ’ wa s 8 o o not a ra of te the o sa n s It cl ck , y light ligh d th u d e few ss sa ns or so e s of o a of comb a t ant s . V ry A i ldi r Sf rz w atch ed in the confines of the city on a ccount of the f t en Pa z drizzle a nd the negligence o he leader. Th za li a o a s e o a nd N i cole no o o o n g , Ricci di C t ll Bru r f ll wi g up a subterra nea n way which end ed in the c entre of m t ss s en e e 00 oo so e s . e e a A i i , t r d it with 3 f t ldi r Th y

ea an e en s on s es a nd oo en a t gr t m y imp dim t , ir pik w d e e s e a n e es e e e on the o n of v ry t p , hu dr d tim th y w r p i t o n a ak n ea a a n a nd o e o n the g i g b ck , but t i g h rt g i v rc mi g o s a es a e se e a o s e a e out n o the . b t cl , ft r v r l h ur th y c m i t city They went trembling towa rd s the wa lls to let th eir c om pa ni ons know of th eir h ardih ood di scov ered by a citizen or soldier who ha d a torch in hi s h a nd they hea rd a cry

1 5 2 T HE C ON DOTT I E RI of the blessed Fra nci s from the h ands of the mi s r n T he ea ea e en nto the c ea ts . gr t l d r w t i m ona stery of e e o en a n e S . Chi a ra wh r w m d childr n were ga th ered in eat n ers ee n or es on n t o the an es gr umb , w pi g r p di g lit i th s i which the s i sters sang . At e ight of th s most m ela n chol s ene te a wan a he wa s to e y c , ligh d by l mp , uch d with o a ss on and e a e sa to the n ns a nd the c mp i , imm di t ly id u sobbing w om en th a t the m ona stery wa s not a s uitable pl ace for th em he would a llow th em to select one of the a s e a nea a nd er e sho be a o a n e c t ll r, thith th y uld cc mp i d by an escort of soldiery : a t a b etter time th ey might n to e na e a e to e so e s e a . r tur th ir tiv pl c , th ir lit ry c ll Among the countries and cities where th ey might live s ent a s in a e or in the o a ons of o e he il d y pr y r, ccup ti h m , O n ea n the na f the propose d P erugia to th e m . h ri g m e o a e e e a e o and a ea ran o h t d city th y b c m c ld , d th chill thr ugh the b ones of those wom en ju st c omforted by the unexpec th i ted a n a e of e a a n. o e en n s o t ne l gu g c pt i Pr ud v mi f r u , a nd ena o s in e a e e e at on e e a t ci u th ir h tr d, th y cri d c , P rugi to the ﬂ a m es ! May ﬁre fa ll on P erugia ! And these w ord s were repea t ed by the feminine crowd a nd aecom pa nied by the s hrill and pretty voices of b abies a nd A innocent children. nd through th ese confused cries o e s e e ea t a nd a ene of sa and th r w r h rd , frigh ful m dd d , ck blood : th en everything beca me m adness and confusi on ; ev erything b eca m e the property of the soldiery who es a e a ll n e and a e and a on s tim t d by umb r v lu , m g thi o e e e the es of the oo s s s e s of the pr p rty w r liv f li h i t r , I o ne f t h i o e s a nd en. n ea o e n ea h m th r childr ch c r r city , c ona s e or o e a a on the s a e no n es e e m t ry th r h bit ti , m ig mi i w r renewed ; the h ov el of the poor a nd the p a la ce of the s o e a n a ea e a nd s a e ! ese rich p il d , hum ity m ltr t d di gr c d Th thing s w ere done during the night — nor did they cea se at ” the s n of a new da nor the ne nor the ne ! ri i g y , xt , xt 5 1 2 . To fa ce 1 . 5

1 54 TH E CON D OT TI E RI

o h orse and foot . Sf rz a s ent a n env oy to the King

a n n not to r s n no who wa w r i g him t u t Picci i , s so much e as e a e a he a e o a and a o an x p r t d th t c ll d him c w rd tr it r, d ” o e na es of n a a nd a en e t th r m i f my , ch ll g d him o ﬁght ; ni no a t the ea of a s a ron to eet an Picci h d qu d , m other

- T he n select e d by Sforz a . ext day he rode out benea th the a s of ano a nd a e for s o e e ea t o w ll F w it d m tim r dy ﬁght , but no one a ppearing he rode closer and with insulting wo s a e on o a en o a rd c ll d up Sf rz to co m e out . Wh Sf rz had b een reinforced he fought him nea r M ont e del a e d n n w n e e he a n o a s ea e . o Abb t , Picci i b t H w v r, a e e so e s o e e a a n and wa s on n n the g th r d ldi r t g th r g i , c ti ui g s e hen he wa s s one to an s on truggl w umm d Mil , Vi c ti

n n He e hi s o a n o i h avi g a rr a ged a truce . l ft s n Fr cesc n o a n s n e os es s on n e and at on c mm d , i c h tiliti till c ti u d , M t o o a a ne a rea o a n a n es o Olm Sf rz g i d g t vict ry, t ki g Fr c c ﬂe T sone e hi s o e son a o o d. he e pri r, whil th r J c p gri f a se s e en a a a e hi s a a and o n c u d by thi v t ggr v t d m l dy, h pi g to overcom e hi s sickness and to reconduct hi s soldi ers to e a s o e s he a s e and o ai ne er th ir ccu t m d ﬁght , k d bt d p mi ssi on from Vi sconti to go to a country pla ce not fa r ” o a n in oo a ir a nd a e s a on e e fr m Mil , g d d lightful itu ti , wh r H e e he o o a nd n . e e o might rec up b dy mi d di d, h w v r, ’ a e e a s nes s on e e e 8 1 6 or a s ft r ight d y ill , S pt mb r , 44 ( o e s sa o e 1 6 in hi s 8th ea and e e th r y Oct b r , 5 y r , th r ’ were th ose who said th a t he wa s poi soned with the duke s Hi s o was o to an ea knowledge . b dy br ught Mil with gr t

o and e e e in the a e a . p mp , buri d th r c th dr l

H wa s o a hi s so e s o a s o o e p pul r with ldi r , th ugh , P ggi

sa s he was a e se e e n s e of e a s o s y , v ry v r pu i h r th ir l civi u ness and ne e a n e in hi s a ose who a e to , v r w t d rmy th w it d a rr ange their h air or to p oli sh and clea n their fa ces lik e he ea o e s on and a men who ha d wom en, but gr tly l v d tr g g y

and he had o e eas e in see n hi s virility, much m r pl ur i g TH E CO NDOTTI ERI

soldiers we ll a rm ed with iron th a n dres sed in silv er a nd ” s on ha s a ﬁne a a a on hi s sa o n ~ gold . Si m di p r gr ph di pp i t n th e ses h i m ent s a d e r ver whic led to h s dea th . “ Piccinino a lrea dy old did not know how to rest in ea e not a n een a e not s an n so a n p c , h vi g b bl , with t di g m y a es a nd so an o es to a e a o s in b ttl m y vict ri , cquir l rd hip to e hi e Al l the ea a a ns f h which r st s h a d . gr t c pt i o i s century had successively r a i sed th em se lves to sov ereign o e he a ea e to a e a rea e a n a n p w r ; pp r d h v g t r right th y , since he ought to h a ve rec eived by h ere dit a ry title the princip a lity of Br a ccio as he received hi s a rmy : y et he was a t the end of hi s glori ou s ca reer neith er rich er nor

w t t n H ost more p owerful th a n he a s a he b eginni g . e l o o na wen he o to a e it hi s a t a two B l g h th ught m k c pi l, routs which he suffered within a v ery sh ort sp ace of tim e di ssipa ted hi s rich es a nd di sperse d hi s soldiers one of hi s sons wa s a sone the o e a e a nd he wa s pri r , th r fugitiv ; only a ble to pl a ce hi s h opes on the generosity of a prince

a ccused of inconsta ncy a nd often of perfidy by all It a ly . s n e in a e e n had o as one hi s Thi pri c f ct , by d c ivi g him , cc i d n wa s now old a nd a ea e to n. es es s o rui B id , Vi c ti , pp r d ’ h a ve ch osen for hi s successor Pi ccinino s bitte rest enemy . T he h ea lth of this ca pt a in a lready for a long time but m odera te wa s only susta ined till th en by the force of hi s so it na s e to the s ad e e ons s es e ul, fi lly uccumb d r fl cti ugg t d nt by his prese situ a tion. Z AT T E N DO LO L Z . M U I O , CA L E D S FOR A

UZ O AT T E N DOLO no n n e the na e of o a M I , k w u d r m Sf rz ,

was o n a t o no a in the on a o of a en a oh Ma b r C tig l C t d F z , y w 2 8 1 6 . o e sa hi s na e a s a o o a nd , 3 9 S m y m G i c muzz , o e s n ea but Bonoli the s o a n of o no a th r A dr , , hi t ri C tig l , a sse s at he was a e o a nd noth n e se rt th b ptiz d Muzi i g l , being so c a lled a ft er hi s grandfa ther who i s nam ed in a ee of e e e 20 1 2 in the a es of d d D c mb r , 3 4 , public rchiv

Lugo . ’ C otignola lies cl ose to the Vi a E mili a a nd in Bonoli s e 1 the es a e ons s e of o a es o no a tim , 734 , t t c i t d f ur vill g , C tig l on the en o the a or as e o of a a no the a e S i , Vill C t ll B rbi , pl c from which Alb eric a nd the oth er C ount s of B a rbia no oo e na e wa s a e a a s e a nd o e in t k th ir m , which m d c tl f rtiﬁ d

1 2 6 a te the es on of n o o a nd . 9 , f r d tructi Cu i ; Budri S no a e on e for a e to a oo e e o . o S v r C tig l b l g d tim H wkw d , but the ﬁre which swept aw ay the whole of the h ou ses but ee s o a e o n a n e it to o a has thr , h rtly ft r J h XX I I I . gr t d Sf rz , ne oblitera t e d m os t of the a dditions which he m a de. O of the three h ou ses which esc a ped the conﬂagra tion wa s the a e na o se ofthe Attendoli i s s s a n n p t r l h u , which till t di g, of s e n o s a e on the o n built brick , with impl wi d w rch d gr u d 1 56

1 58 T HE CO N D OT TI E RI

an of o e a e in the end ea de s of ea e up , m y wh m b c m l r gr t r or less reput e . T he pictures que st ory of hi s lea ving h om e has been

o i n se e al a s a nd e a n has o n a on in a t ld v r w y , c rt i ly f u d ti f ct , for hi s gr a nd son Duk e Fra ncesco sa id to P a olo Gi ovio who o e hi s e in the as e at an s o t ( wr t lif ) c tl Mil , All thi f r ess and a e e a es ou won e seen on e e s e r , wh t v r m k y d r v ry id , we owe to the s a e of an a e o n p d my gr df th r , thr w by him ” i ovi a n f into the tree . P aolo G o s ys th a t bei g tire d o l a b our he cursed w ork and ra i sing hi s eyes to h ea ven a s e e a n G od t o sen oo o ne e hi s it w r pr yi g d him g d f rtu , thr w s a e on a e oak o a an a n en con p d up v ry high , pr b bly ci t secrat ed ee n n a e he o a e tr , thi ki g th t if it f ll w uld t k it up a a n a nd o on a s a e in the an es he g i g , but th t if it t y d br ch t th n would go o e w a rs . A m ore m odern a ccou t by C ount “ a so n sa s O ne e en n i n the ea 1 82 a o P li i y , v i g y r 3 , Gi c muzzo Attendolo wa s quietly digging the p a t ernal l and h n o e wh en he h ea rd t e sou d of pipes a nd drum s . S m soldi er s of the c omp any of Boldrino da P a nic a l e ha d b een n e r sent into th a t country to recruit . B ehi d th em he p ceived som e ofhi s own compa nions who had b een a lready

o ! e he a e a s a a o en o e . t r ll d O Muzi cri d l tt r, C t w y y ur s a e a nd o e us t o see o o ne ! So he p d , c m with k y ur f rtu e the s a e n o the oak and as not a ﬂed thr w p d i t , it did f ll , ’ th a t night from C otignol a on one of hi s fa ther s h orses " n he hi a nd j oi ned the c a mp . At a y rat e b egan s milit ary ’ T w service in Boldri no s c a mp at the age of thirt een. o ea s a e he e ne to s hi s a en s a s hi s y r l t r r tur d vi it p r t , but

ea wa s a s a nd a a en s hi s a e sa Be h rt with rm rm m t f th r id , th en a man- at - a rm s ! G o b a ck to the ca mp and m a k e thy ” fortune ! And he pledged a strip of l a nd to buy him

and his a s o e ne to the a four h orses rm . Muzi r tur d c mp foll ow ed by a troop of hi s ki nsm en eager to a cquire iovi o e e s a a he o e a nd es . a o o G o s p w r rich P l , h w v r , y th t TH E COND OTTI ERI

w a for o ea s a nd en e ne o e to a s a w y f ur y r , th r tur d h m ” e a i n so e en e a a nd a all hi s e a ons ta k p rt m v d tt , th t r l ti except hi s fa th er grumbled at the expense of hi s continu in to be a so e to o he e e s a n Be g ldi r, wh m r pli d di d i fully , on en e s a a n eno t o e a a ll s and c t t , if I liv I h ll g i ugh r p y thi , f r T h if I die in b a ttle my est a te will pay o all. e a s o o e s ha d e e for ea e e o a tr l g r pr dict d him gr t mpir , imm rt l o a nd a o na e o en a nd en e sa n a gl ry, f rtu t pr g y , d d by yi g th t he o die s en not he wa s old w uld udd ly but till , which a e on en and a e es s of o n r n m d him c ﬁd t c r l w u d s o d a ge r . oon a e he e a e ea of a s a on a nd na S ft r b c m h d qu dr , ﬁ lly

of a o an n e a oo and o e s a nd wa s c mp y , u d r H wkw d th r , a a s o o of e a a nd a a e oo lw y th ught w rthy high r p y l rg r tr p .

Boldrino da a n a e wa s a a n— ene a of the o e P ic l C pt i G r l P p , and hi s men e e a a c e t He w w r much tt h d o him . a s kill ed

in a e a a at a a n e the e a e o ' e a s M c r t b qu t , by tr ch ry f th M rqui , o of the o e Hi s 00 so e s br th e r P p . 4 ldi r promi sed ea ch oth er under a terri ble oa th to t ak e a stup end ou s w en ea n e . a s e a e for two ea s en nde v g c It d l y d y r , wh u r

the ea e s of o o e o t he e a n a nd l d r hip Bi rd Mich l tti P rugi , o a s e o e a a e the o T he n. eo e of Azz C t ll , th y tt ck d t w p pl a e a a e T h 0 e o ea e . e 0 e We M c r t impl r d p c 4 r pli d , will not s ea of ea e s n e the n o s ma n es who p k p c , i c i iquit u liv kill ed our bel ov e d le a d er th erefore h a nd him over to the ” o an or e e e e e n An c mp y xp ct utt r xt rmi a ti on. d th ey followed up th eir threat s with such det ermi na ti on th a t the m a rqui s would h a ve b een in evil c a se if the Florentine

a o s had not n e ose o h T he or t r i t rp d t m ak e up t e qu a rrel . City p a id the comp a ny ﬂ orins a nd rest ore d the bones of Boldrino he s n n the with t u u a l h o ours . O day ﬁxed the ga t es Op ened and a process ion of the people a e or the o a o s of en es the e c m f th , with r t r fri dly citi , cl rgy , and m a trons p a le a nd weeping with the rem a ins of the on o e e and the o a n o s e e e e e C d tti r , c mp y ut id r c iv d th m 1 60 T HE CON D OTTI E RI

eat o and not i o t e an with gr p mp , w th u m l choly Th en they enclosed th e m in a preciou s bi er and they serv ed a s n ’ e s n for a on e. s i s R i cotti s a o n ig l g tim Thi cc u t , but

a o o Gi ovi o sa s he wa s e a e and r e a nd a P l y mb lm d d i d , th t e a e s e o e e s a n a no one th y c rri d him thu b f r th m , yi g th t wa s wort hy to succeed him who ha d a lwa y s b een

Vi ct ori ou s . Sforz a ga ined hi s na me wh en serving with Alb e rico n s e o da B a rbi a o. A di put ar se a bout the divi sion of som e s o a nd wa s a en to e o for e s on who a e p il t k Alb ric d ci i , g v it A H a ga inst ttendolo . e turne d to him with a scornful a nd ena n o n enan e a nd sa o ent m ci g c u t c id , By y ur judgm ,

o art of the s o i s a en o me and my l rd , my p p il t k fr m , I will ” never aga in endure a simil ar injury T o which word s

e o ans e e a os s n e a s o n ma n Alb ric w r d lm t mili g, P rh p y u g y ou w ould lik e to use force (Sforza ) to me a s y ou are ” a s o e to do t o o e s a nd o an e a he ccu t m d th r , c mm d d th t a f He a se sh ould be c all ed Sforz a inst e d o Muzi o . r i d a oo of hi s e a ons a nd en s os of o e a e tr p r l ti fri d , m t wh m b c m

s n s e one en n hi s e as a tain- ene a of di ti gui h d , di g lif C p G r l he was 0 he e a ne n e the the Veneti ans . Till 3 r m i d u d r flags of the C ond otti eri who w e re of gr eat est repute with t h n en on of e e n se n e e s ne e i t ti p rf cti g him lf u d r th ir di cipli , ass n all the a es s e so e offi e and com p i g gr d , impl ldi r , c r , e a s he se e a os all m and ant of c av a lry . Aft rw rd rv d lm t “ the o e s o f a in ose a s o n ba r p w r It ly , which th d y f u d b a rou s pleasure in de stroying th em selves reciproc ally ” He wa s en a e with fi erce a nd continuou s w a rs . g g d 0 to a a ns the sans by the Florentines i n 1 4 5 fight g i t Pi , ’ wh ose c a pt a ins w ere G a sp a ro de P a zzi a nd A ngel o d ell a r the a nd s n s e se in the wa , P ergola , di ti gui h d him lf Fl orenti nes giving him a crown of l aure l a nd a milit a ry n of st a nd ard a nd a ssigni ng him a n a nnu al pensi o

T he a s of e a a en a e t o et gold scudi . M rqui F rr r g g d him g

1 62 T H E CON D OTTI E RI

sent a s en o to a es de o on to sa t at v y J cqu B urb , y h o anna o on e o n e a s o nt he Gi v w uld ly r c g iz him C u , but a s sum ed the rights of King and threw Sforz a i nto pri son ’ v n m Hi s e wa s on s e hi a t Bene e tu . lif ly av d by s si ste r s ene who ha d o ea o an no es of the o rgy , f ur N p lit bl c urt ca rri ed off by the C ondottieri under her comm a nd as host e an He wa s t a s d so sa e . s e at e t e e g , v d him lib r y S pt m Alo a e s f r ber 1 1 1 6. o o e o he was 4 , 4 p f r d much w r , ’ n 1 2 e or e and ed I 0 at a n V. s es he t tur d kill 4 , M rti r qu t , a an one o anna to a e the a se of o s III b d d Gi v t k up c u L ui , of n o ar n onﬁ in in the ossess on of A j u , M ti c rm g him p i Beneventum and na n on on of th a e e . , mi g him g f l i r church

’ In 1 4 2 2 M artin being tired of k eeping L ouis of Anj ou s a a nd o s not a n o a he oo a anta e of rmy L ui p yi g Sf rz , t k dv g a r e to a oa o anna who sent a a nst t uc ppr ch Gi v , him g i onso of a on her a o e son o he o e out Alf Ar g , d pt d , wh m dr v In s a a n a a wa s a e a of N a ples . thi c mp ig C pu t k n nd e a en on the a e o a s on the a a ans nt a nd r t k , l tt r cc i C t l bur it Simoneta s ay s the light of the conﬂagrati on wa s so s on a one o ea in the a of o a two tr g th t c uld r d c mp Sf rz , es a a the e of hi s ea he wa s n mil w y . At tim d th ﬁghti g

for Giov anna a nd L oui s of Anj ou aga inst Alfonso. a o o Giovio i es a n er of a ne o es of and P l g v umb cd t him , d es crib es hi s persona l a pp ea r ance and ch a ra ct er v ery and a ea ea of hi s a e i s er ea a e fully, gr t d l m tt r v y r d bl , but he s o s ons e a e s e a for ono o a nd h w c id r bl di r g rd chr l gy, n ee one ma a os sa a on e for a nd e i d d y lm t y c t mpt it , v ry f w a a i i H sa s a o a was e d t es pp ea r n h s p ages . e y th t Sf rz e e e r en a o who s e xtr m ly f i dly with Br cci erv d with him , and with sublim e comrad eship th ey had in common “ o s ar s o ses one a nd o i n and the th ught , m , h r , m y , l dg g , ” sa e ens ns and o o s of s oa s a e 0 ea s m ig c l ur urc t , but ft r 3 y r of en s e a e e en o a wa s i n son fri d hip th y qu rr ll d , wh Sf rz pri a t Be v e o a e a ne entum. Nicolo Orsino a nd Gilb rt m d T HE CON DOTTI ERI 1 63 secret trea ty with Bra ccio to ab andon Sforz a in b a ttle a t Viterbo ; but Bra ccio went to m eet hi s opponent i n the Sa ccoman oo and s o e the n of o o w d , h w d him writi g Nic l ” In s at e in evidence . thi b tl h orsem en were enga ged and Sforz a lost 4 8 capt ains of horse and n a a e o of infa try being a m ong the pri soners . At C s l cchi ’ h wa s a l zz e e c ptured by Gi an Ga ea o s soldi rs . Alb erico e a e and he ent a t o o en e on oo lib r t d him , w b ck F l r c f t h 00 so e s o n t the st of the o rne wit 3 ldi r , g i g wi h du j u y on him to the P a l a zz o Vecchio wh ere he spok e thu s : no we o so e s a e o t a an for Sig ri , , y ur ldi r , h v f ugh v li tly o n and the ono r of war but nso ent o t ne y ur dig ity h u , i l f r u h n B t w a re o of a s d o e wh a t it lik ed to us . u if e w rthy being by your kindness furni shed again with arm s and h orses we will do our utmost th at y ou s h all not repent o e s on and we sha l l a ea r to ou worth o y ur d ci i , pp y y f l a rger pa y ! Thi s seem s strange la ngua ge from a on e e ea e the no e e o a san c qu r d l d r, but Sig ry w r c mpl i t , a nd he o a ne a oo ea of one ro t e bt i d g d d l m y f m h m ,

reform ed hi s b and s a nd doubled hi s c ondotta . “ Wh en Bi so da C otignola by hi s t rea chery prevented a crus hing defeat b eing gi ven out side N a ples he shouted

to him m any times Bi so ! evil - d oer ! traitor ! return to me ’ the ene s a a ns a en a nd e s an a e a ne my c pt i t k , th ir t d rd r t i d

which by thy incredible e vil - d oing a nd perﬁdy h a ve b een ’ a ut w st o n t k en from my h a nds . B wh en he a s ca d w ea and e se hi s e t st a e n o s with f r xcu d crim wi h mm ri g w rd , he c omm anded him to go from the ﬁeld of b a ttle with s on on a he e e a e a a n to the a thi c diti , th t if v r c m g i c mp h e s o be n s e t a ost e o t e . to h uld pu i h d wi h m cru l t r ur , viz , b e put i nt o a bomb a rd a nd blown to pi eces .

A P a du an man- at - a rm s had stolen from the t ent of a n e a o o es o o a e oa e he s e . o B l g d ct r purpl c t , whil l pt Sf rz had o e in the oa and hi s a n s o n him cl th d c t , with h d b u d , 1 64 T HE C ON DOTTI E RI

led th o o the a the so e s a n an r ugh ut c mp , ldi r l ughi g d eer n H j i g a t him . e could not endure the sh am e a nd

e se a a An e - w kill d him lf with d gger. d a h ors k eep er ho s o e the a e and so it he had o n and e to the t l b rl y ld , b u d ti d tai s of o ses who soon e r nn n o the l h r , kill d him , u i g thr ugh

field s . For anoth er offence he had a man dressed in ’ w om en s cloth es and led a b out the ca mp on an a rm oure d ’ Yet h horse s b a ck . e a tt a ch ed hi s soldiers to him a nd o o e a n c uld d lib r l a d m agnificent a ct s . Wh en C otignola wa s n o n a s o ne befel e o e bur t d w , mi f rtu which it littl m r a n e e on s a e he e a e osses se of th tw lv m th ft r b c m p d it , ‘ ea in on ee o ses s an n he o or e the l v g ly thr h u t di g, c mf t d citiz ens by t elling th e m th a t he would rebuild it more s o s a t hi s r ate os and a e e asons umptu u ly p iv c t , g v th m m , e nd e o a e th s e e a a a . S n e e ts e a e m t ri l , lim th t wh tr w r m d s a a nd the o ses e a nd a o ne he wa s tr ight , h u r built d r d , th ank ed b oth publicly and p riv at ely a s the m ost m agni ficent lord who had with opport une lib erality provided ’ e n e for priv a te comfort a nd public el egance . S ve tim s w n w H he on pitch ed b a ttles a d a s b ea t en three times. e wa s once t a k en in b attl e a nd twice ca ptured by the n one o as on he too deceit of hi s enemies . O cc i k n no i sone and e an e a a ns se e a Picci i pr r, xch g d him g i t v r l soldi er s a nd officers c onfi ne d by T a rt agli a on the i s land s in the a e of o sena e e a a s n a the een l k B l , wh r Am l u th . Q u

of the o s wa s sone and a er a s s a n e . G th , impri d ft w rd tr gl d He wa s a nd a e a o e the e e upright r th r b v middl h ight . ean a e an fat ha d a a e a nd s on a n l r th r th , l rg tr g h d with s uch strong ﬁngers th a t he ea sily opened and brok e in two a o se - s oe a en in hi s an and o the h r h t k h d , c uld jump

- - H length of the long l ance of a man at a rm s . i s ch est wa s oa a nd he had a so e a es in hi s e br d , ldi rly m j ty w ll o ene s o e s hi s a s was so s a a he o p d h uld r , w i t m ll th t c uld w Hi s e w surround it with hi s t o h and s . fa c a s h alf

1 66 T HE CON DOTT I E RI hi s ono not es and e e t r e h ur with wil d c it , but wi h t u r bra ve y . He o not a e i n hi s o se es se s of God nor w uld h v h u d pi r , e men nor n e es nor ose who wa of idl , mid ight thi v , th by y est oo n s e e n a o and s e e j t k thi g which w r lyi g b ut , uch w r He a e oo s an f ns wh puni sh ed . h t d f l d bu foo o h av e a e a n o o e a se e a s ea o e to m l ch ly hum ur, b c u th y r dily m v ea s a s to a e for on e at o e as e o in the t r l ught r, c C ll C t ll enese o n a oo e n o o e the o n of Si c u try, f l b i g pr v k d by j ki g hi s so e s o n a ea s one at ose who e e ldi r , thr wi g gr t t th w r ’ o n no e o a s c a off ea t a n e w rryi g him , k ck d Sf rz p with gr d g r N or o h let hi s so e s a e n to hi s life. w uld e ldi r g m duri g H se a ll s e e s e in a . e so of e e ses th ir l i ur c mp u d rt x rci , s a s a s n a ea s one o n the an e uch c ti g h vy t , thr wi g l c , I a a s on running and leaping . n which g m es he w so str g of a rm a nd indu stri ou s th at he ea sily beat the m ost lu sty

n i n a n ea e or n not h vm and s o . at a tr g But r i y w th r ight , g ea n a n e ea to the s o es or s o es of l r t L ti , th y r d him hi t ri t ri the a ons a nd a a ns of an e in the a on e B r P l di Fr c vulg r t gu , o o he t oo e a e who had e e ne to fr m wh m k x mpl , d t rmi d His a cquire fa m e by worthy deed s like him self . dress w s e an an a n But a rather t mp erat e th eleg t d sumptuou s . he so much d esired spl endour of a rm s and surcoat s in his men th a t seeing on a ny spot s of rust he puni sh ed th em with insult s a nd sometim es with strok es Wh en revi ew s were held ' s ilk s addle cloth s with embroid ery of o a nd s e e e se and e o se o s g ld ilv r w r u d , gild d h r cl th lightly

An the nt e n- at - a p a inted a fter the P ersi an fa s hi on. d rm s w w ere sent b a ck ho had not ﬁne plum es in th eir h elmet s . And the h onours of the t a ble were not given to delica te and e s e oo but to h ee s and en xqui it f d , c rful implicity pl ty and the ea s e and on en en e of ose n H pl ur c v i c th i vited . e honoured G od and all the saint s ra th er h onestly th an e o s sa n a he who a e wa r it s neces r ligi u ly, yi g th t m d with T HE CON DOTTI ERI 1 67

sities s h ould not approa ch with fa l se prayers and fooli sh n He ea a ss e e da n ess h w ceremo ies . h rd m v ry y u l e a s hindered by bu siness Which wa s import a nt he confessed he n e a He se to sa a nd received t sa cra m e t ev ry ye r . u d y ’ th a t a good a nd honourable c apt a in sh ould follow him who had the es ea son for a n wa r he s o not b t r m ki g , h uld a o es to be o e s o e en the ono ll w church r bb d , h uld d f d h ur of o en who e e a en s o not mo e so e s w m w r t k , h uld kill r ldi r an e e ne essa nor e o e in the ea of th w r c ry, r j ic d th

enemies . “ He es se es sin ose who oo e t d pi d rich , cur g th t k d ligh n in the cruel and venomous spect a cle of coi ed m oney . He a e s o ne hi s e o s and ne e e e e e r r ly c r d cr dit r v r d c iv d th m , bec au se he th ought rich es a nd possessions st ood rath er F r in good faith a nd reput a ti on th an in m oney . o th ere were none rea dier or richer th an he wh en there wa s T h an e s s e and en he os a n . e w t b k r tru t d him fully, wh l t at Viterb o more th an horse the Rom an b ank s pro vided him with duca t s of gold on hi s simple note He es e t ose e o who of an . a a o h d j t d th , lik Br cci , w uld a e rob and e o e s an a e e s so a s r th r murd r th r th p y th ir d bt , to gra tify th eir soldier s with a n inconsidera t e a nd im r i Hi s s e a a w s a s to p ov sed lib er a lity . p ci l c re a a lw y ’ e en o en and ea s a n s o the so e s a a e d f d w rkm p t fr m ldi r v ric , to preserve tra vellers and t o restra in milit a ry license e e in the e or n oo s a ea ena a nd wh th r fi ld i d r by h vy p lty , finally to d elight him self more with cities preserved th a n t ” o see th e m sack ed . He wa s a e ee es hi s mos e e a e m rri d thr tim , but t c l br t d n e an es o a nd es s a n o e e e a e. childr , Fr c c Al dr w r ill gitim t Hi s s e was n on a Salimbeni of ena o of fir t wif A t i Si , wid w an es o a sa o n h of o o a . S e o t Fr c c C li , l rd C rt br ugh him ” o as e a on e o e on e e o la a a nd f ur c t ll , M t Gi v , M t N r , Rip , ’ a n d Avi n B g o g on. Chiu si wa s a l so given him by 1 68 T HE CON DOTT I E RI

C ecco Sa limbeni to ensure hi s friend ship and a ssist an e a nd e a se he wa s af a the enese o a c , b c u r id Si w uld t k e ” He h s it fr om him . t u b eca m e a feud a t ory of the e a nd wa s e e o a e n s n e In r public th r f re d ecl r d a Sie e e obl . 1 4 1 6 he sold th ese la nds to the C ommune of Si ena for i Hi s e n ﬂ0r ns . s o e wa s a e a s s e of c d wif C t ll , i t r an o o Alo o a nd i t wa s at s e a o anna P d lf p , thi tim th t Gi v hi m th o n n . a e H e s a d as e a in . i s I I g v t w c t ll S I t aly. e wa s ano e o a a a ana a e third wif th r wid w , M ri M rz , d ught r of the n e of ess a a nd o of n o s II of Pri c S , wid w Ki g L ui , ’ n of th n ou a d e o n of e ano. e o a s A j , C u t C l Aft r Sf rz death thi s much m a rried l a dy contra cted a fourth uni on n a n es o s no o of Mala ello . with Fr c c Or i , C u t p He e on an a 1 2 at the a e of ears di d J u ry 3 , 4 3 , g 54 y , o ne e ss n th T he da dr w d whil cro i g e river P esca ra . y e o e he e O rthona a e he ha d ea a ss and had b f r l ft , ft r h rd m een ee e all he o the a a ns of a ea b gr t d by , t ld c pt i dr m h wa s n in which he had had at d a wn. He drea mt e s u k a ea an of a e a nd in e e e e of hi s gr t qu tity w t r , xtr m p ril o e who e en he s aw a a man e . s lif , wh t ll lik S C hri t ph r, would not save him th ough he b egged him m ore th an Hi s a a ns e e to off s a n for once. c pt i b gg d him put t rti g ee a s he o e a the on o e of ea thr d y , but t ld th m th t ly h p br k n ea n rthona ing hi s enemy lay in quickness . O l vi g O the st a nda rd — b ea rer fell from hi s h orse a nd struck the st a ff so h ard int o the ea rth th a t it brok e in the e ffort o en a so wa s not no to to extra ct it . But thi s m l e ugh ” keep him b a ck and he went ch eerfully tow ard s his end. T he o had een s a e the a es a oa f rd b t k d by Br cc chi , b t s n to a e the a ssa e o e f a nd a a s on u k m k p g m r di ﬁcult , b ti e men built on the other side to d efend the p as sage . Fiv on oo o ses en e e the a e a n e on a nd g d h r t r d w t r, l c thigh Hi h elm et on h ea d . s son Fra nces co a nd Mich el etto Attendolo e e s a nd se en a nd o a se w r ixth v th , Sf rz him lf

Z FRAN C E S C O S FOR A , D UKE O F M ILAN .

R N C C O O R Z s a ea s in 1 2 2 a s ea e of F A ES SF A ﬁr t pp r 4 , l d r ’ im t som e of hi s fath er s br a vest c a pt a ins . So S one a sa s a n a hi s a e e o e e s to y , ddi g th t f th r dr w him fr m l tt r H w e e ea e o n f o a r s . e a s o o a m , h w v r , cr t d C u t Tric ric by a s as en he wa s on 1 and wa s a o n e a L di l wh ly 3 , cc u t d w t i H a s n in 0 1 t . grea w a rri or ea rly n life . e b or 1 4 a S ’ n a o de e es nea o a nd wa s on 2 1 Mi i t T d chi , r E mp li , ly , th erefore wh en he t ook C osenz a a nd reduced the pro n e o he had a ea an old ea on o n vi c , th ugh lr dy h d y u g T h a n one e on e s o e s . e a s e e h uld r c pt i , with xc pti , d t r ne to ea e and to a oo a e on mi d l v him , put g d f c it e an e the a due to e a nd o n o a e d m d d p y th m , g i g fr m qu rr l to ar e e en e nea the ene a nd qu r l , l ft him wh quit r my , a fter a few da ys went over to the Ar a gonese . O ne of e e en n of the ea er en to an es o the th m , r p ti g tr ch y, w t Fr c c day before th ey l eft a nd ask ed him to a ppreh end him a nd tort ure him so th at he might be forced to tell him som ething of import ance with out brea king his oa th ! but 1 70 TH E CON DOT T I E RI 1 71

t i Fra ncesco gave no h eed o h s word s . Mich ele Att en o o and 00 o se e e sent hi s a e a nd he d l 4 h r w r him by f th r, nd oo se e a of the a s H a ttack ed a t k v r l tr itor pri soners . i s fath er sent orders th a t th ey sh ould be hung on h ea ri ng

of the ea er but he s e to s o e . e e tr ch y , wi h d h w m rcy Th r o e he e a ne n n for so e e and en a s e f r r m i d thi ki g m tim , th k d e r how hi s fath er l ooked when he ga ve the ord er . Th y e ’ e e a n and he s a en was not a e pli d v ry gry, id th it my f th r ’ e T hen h a one but the a nger which gave thi s ord r . e p rd d e sa n at hi s a e had one so and a e th m , yi g th f th r d , g v e e o e os ons a e en e th m th ir f rm r p iti , cl m cy which th y a en he ea e e e ea s of a e . o r c iv d with t r gr titud Sf rz , wh r d ’ rancesco s e e eta n t s ne to ose nea F l tt r d ili g hi , tur d th r, s n and sa T he son ne e te an the a e mili g, id k w b t r th f th r ’ ’ t e hi s a e s ea he e e a oss the hi s tim e. Aft r f th r d th r tir d cr e a esse the so e s a nd wa s a e e as a a n riv r, ddr d ldi r cc pt d c pt i He n ent to Ben v tu a o e hi s by th e m . th e w e en m t o t k e v r ’ a e s an s a nd to e s a to s and sa e the f th r l d , Av r vi it lut n I th o n n e ee . n e o s h e Qu f ll wi g pri g, wit Mich l ’ Attendolo he e s e e a es o a a s ee of , b i g d N pl , Filipp M ri ﬂ t

— h 1 2 l a rge s hip s co op era ti ng under C a rm agnol a . T e ’ t a king of thi s city ra i sed Francesco s reput ation very He was at a en a o e and e much . Aquil wh Br cci di d divid d the o an a o a in the s se ent o e a ons c mm d with C ld r ub qu p r ti , b esieging P aganic a (the pl a ce wh ere the money brought by N ero C a pponi was deposited and whither Picci nino h An a ee en wa o e to ad ﬂ ed) with him . gr m t s c m with Piccinino whereby the ﬂorins were to be divided w i e een e a nd he a s to o ee h s s a e. b tw th m, g fr with h r a o a had anne to a s a te a s C ld r pl d mbu h him f rw rd , but Frances co w ould not a gree a nd arm ed p a rt of hi s men a s H wa s a e to a n escort for him to a s a fe pla ce . e c ll d Rome a fterwa rds and na med d ea r son of the P op e a nd ” o f the church . 1 72 T HE CO N DOTTI E RI

In 1 42 5 Francesco t ook service with Filipp o Vi sconti t a a a nd 00 n an t o h the o en wi h c v lry 3 i f try, h ug Fl r nes offe e o e the o e a nd o e one ti r d him d ubl f rc m r m y, a n to b n e beca u se he w t ed e frie dly with Filipp o. Aft r a o s en e ses he wa s o n to s o enoa v ri u t rpri g i g ucc ur G , which was es e e onso of a es and so e e es b i g d by Alf N pl , m xil , a nd crossing the Apennines in a pl ace which he th ought

‘ en to i o a a e e e e wa s no oo to fri dly Fil pp M ri , wh r th r r m anoe e was s en a ssa e a ows e m uvr , udd ly il d with rr which f ll “ lik e h a il so th a t hi s soldi ers lost th ei r coura ge and ” o t of s en e n foi' e e wa s no oo e th ugh urr d ri g, th r r m v en to o t o n s sa no n of t n . a es o ma e t p , y thi g ﬁgh i g Fr c c d th em

- - an right ab out fa ce a nd a tta ck . M y were kille d a nd o n e a nd one ose o se e s en e e to a w u d d , wh h r f ll urr d r d ea sa n who en he had a en off hi s e e immedi p t , , wh t k h lm t , a t ely struck him on the h ea d with the end of a cross — bow and killed him ! Fra ncesco th en m ade a circl e with hi s men and s oo at ba he on ot a a a o of t d y , but ly g w y by f v ur ose who e th a s e a nea He wa s a se of th h ld e c t ll r . ccu d ea e a e s a nd sen to a e s at o a a tr ch ry ft r thi t qu rt r M rt r , e e he e a ne two ea s in ea an e a se he wh r r m i d y r gr t w t , b c u e w was not p a id . During thi s tim it a s twice d eb at ed a t a e e he s o be sone or e a nd he Mil n, wh th r h uld impri d kill d , wa s only saved by the advoc a cy of hi s friend Guido He wa s ne t sen to a wa s o e o. T r ll x t Lucc , which n h wa n besieged by the Flore tines . While e s k eepi g ’ o o Fortebra ccio at a s en ao o G uini i o Nic l rm l gth , P l g , l rd of a wa s ea n the lorentines for the sa e Lucc , tr ti g with F l ’ of the city ; a nd wh en thi s c a m e to the people s k now e e e n e an es o o a n the oo l dg th y i vit d Fr c c Sf rz withi city, t k ao o a nd his ﬁve sons sone s and offe e t he o s P l pri r , r d l rd hip to an es o who e se ea n the ee a nd sen Fr c c , r fu d , l vi g city fr , t the Guinigis a s pri soners to Filipp o M a ri a ra th er th a n soil i T h o en nes en sent Boccacino h s fa ir fa m e . e Fl r ti th

1 74 T HE CON D OT TI E RI for he hi msel f ha d never ha d a ny dozt ht of hi s good a f ﬁ h. In 1 433 C aldora m a d e a raid on hi s Apuli an property an n t th a T he eo e d he w e t o recov er e captured pl ces . p pl of the ar h n e to o e and a e the o s M c i vit d him c m t k l rd hip, and a e ons n o a a he a a e es ft r c ulti g Filipp M ri tt ck d J i , which ga v e it self up t o him wi th the exception of the

m - - e a e o o b n l en at a rm s . Oth r pl c s f ll wed ut M o t e de o e se for he was a e a a s he an e Olm r fu d, which r th r gl d w t d to h a ve a strong pl a ce to retire to in c a se of need a nd a l so a t own to giv e to hi s soldiers to sa ck After thi s he Hi n had no trouble with the oth ers . s operati o s included the a n of se e a o ns e on n to the a nd t ki g v r l t w b l gi g church , n sen a n a a s s a o to s e e e s Euge iu s IV . t mb d r ttl t rm with H w n e the of ar s a nd all the . e as a e him gr t d titl m qui ,

a a so he wa s t o o all the a es he ha d M rch , l h ld pl c which ta en a s a of the and was a e on a on e k vic r church m d g f l i r , with the condition th a t he sh ould p ersecute NicoloF ort e “ ” bra ccio the enemy of the church ! S om e time l ater he wa s on e i n ese ono s s not c ﬁrm d th h ur , but thi did T o ee e prevent the occurrence of const ant ra id s . k p th m

i n ch eck he m a d e a new sort of bridge over the Tiber . He m ad e fir st e ight v ery thick h emp en cord s a s long as the ea of the e the o n nea o no o n br dth riv r, c u try r F lig pr vidi g n h s e e six a oss n en of a e a . e e t pl ty m t ri l Th tr ch d cr , tyi g th em t o the piles of the ruined bridge ; on ea ch side he drew two cord s at a greater h eight which served a s a a e s and o e e e er t n a n s n p r p t , c v r d v y hi g with pl k , fixi g columns of wood in the rive r bed so a s to m a k e the b ridge a nd not s a e in its o e en ! T he firm , it did h k wh l l gth quickness a nd ea se with which it was m a de cau sed grea t I th s n n n n s a st oni s hm ent . n e pri g the e sig s of Euge iu a nd of the Veneti ans we re brought from Florence with

ea o a nd a n en e a nd an o en or ms . gr t p mp m g iﬁc c , m y g ld ﬂ i Fra nce sco Sfo rza ( fro m ha s relief) .

T a 5. 1 o f ce 7 74 .

1 76 T HE CON D OT TI E RI th ought it wi se to gain the protection of a p owerful

C ondottiere . Sforz a now received a m essage from the P ope through his co mmi ssari es comm anding him to attack Forli with out n the or H givi g l d w a rning . e answered that he must o se e the a s of war t o the b rv l w , which commi ssa ries replied that a ny perﬁdy might rightfully be u sed to puni sh contum acy a gainst the H oly Church ! Francesco o e e n t at no n a o b h w v r, judgi g h i f my c uld e greater th an for a ma n to brea k hi s faith sent a trump et er to t ell nton o O rdelafﬁ a a te ee a s he s o a ta A i th t f r thr d y h uld t ck , though it wa s v ery inconvenient to him self a nd hi s soldi ers to ob ey the order a s th ey were on good term s t the o ese and in a the so e s en nto the wi h F rliv , f ct ldi r w t i city and the citiz ens int o the c a mp until the night before h ostilities c omm enced ! M a la t est a of Rimini and his broth er from C esena c a m e to h elp with a number of Cesenese who were enemies of the F orlivese and burnt

a n o sa it w a nd robb ed . Fr cesc id as a sign of a vile and feminine mind to injure th ose who c ould not defend e se es e n e o e t o the o ssa es th m lv , which b i g r p rt d c mmi ri , they a ccu sed him of not ﬁghting fa ithfully a nd rightfully for the o e ! e a n a a ssa e da O fﬁda who wa s P p A c rt i B ld r , one of ese o ssa es set on oot ons a es th c mmi ri , f c pir ci a a ns an es o es n to in one wa or g i t Fr c c , d iri g kill him y n e ta n no e e of o an n e a nother . Ha vi g c r i k wl dg it fr m i t r c e ted e e he o e n a nd s o n e p l tt r, r d quickly by ight urr u d d the a sen n a et at a n to a on e to c mp , di g trump d w c ll th m lay down th eir a rm s a nd delive r up the wick ed trait or : r n the Ma lateste s oo on one s e the h ea i g which t d id , but H w e o e t o e en . e a s c apt ain felt him s lf blig d d f d him .

o e e ea en a nd os of hi s men a en. a a ssa e h w v r , b t m t t k B ld r the s ness of his o se e e he esc a ped to Butri by wift h r , wh r ’ wa s found di sgui sed in wom en s cloth es a nd covered with TH E CON DOTT I ERI 1 77

He wa s sen to e o e h flour . t F rm wh re e di ed from a til e n hi fa lling o s h ead . Filipp o Vi sconti now promi sed him Bi a nc a for the se on e a nd a e O rthona a nd s a s o c d tim , g v him A ti d wer . Thi s tim e he felt sure enough t o prep a re for the m a rri age a t e o and to n e a n es s a a n a F rm , i vit m y gu t , but it g i c me to ’ no n as he t o o Pi ccinino s n en e who thi g, h ught fr m i flu c , had been put in a sup erior p osition a s capt ain- genera l and had a ost a ll the o e n ent o te t lm g v r m c mmit d o him . Since he could not k eep up hi s a rmy on the Fl orentine st en on a nd s on not a the ip d ly, Vi c ti did p y him m oney o n to he e e to o n the ea e of en n wi g him , d cid d j i l gu V ice a d o en e and ass s a a e a a a a ns n Fl r c i t G tt m l t g i t Picci ino . Thi s w i T h n e e t w v a s n 1 439 . e e gag m n he m a de a s for fi e ea s a nd he wa s to a e a s a nn a and y r , h v duc t u lly, He defend hi s domini ons at the exp ense of the lea gu e .

wa s a so na e a a n- ene a a nd for two ea s o l m d c pt i g r l , y r f ught on the o e s e of the Po a a ns the e a n th r id g i t duk , h vi g en s and the eno ese a so h orse a nd foot . Eug iu G v l

' T he o ne the ea e and e a ll ave him s a n a s . j i d l gu , th y g t d rd ea h ard ship s of the c amp a ign we re considera ble . N r F erra ra at one tim e the sudden ri sing of the Po ca u sed the soldiers lodgings to be ﬁlled with snak es who ha d In the a a on e ona t ak en refuge from the ﬂood . tt ck V r the cold wa s so grea t tha t the h a nd s and feet of m a ny of

the so e s e e os - ten a nd so e a es e of the ldi r w r fr t bit , m p g di d w t s o e an a ost os e s . a s a c ld , whil m y lm l t th ir ight It thi time th at G att a m el a t a got wh at turned out to be his death st e ona a e the o nt a s in a roke. V r g v C u duc t gr ti e for not e n sa e he s e a on tud b i g ck d , which di tribut d m g Hi o s s esses a e o n hi s soldiers . s va ri u ucc m d Filipp thi k th at the tim e ha d come to st op him by really givi ng him hi s a e so he sent her to e a a a nd a oa e d ught r , F rr r , ppr ch d h a s o o who o e Francesco by m eans of t e M rqui Nic l , wr t 1 78 T HE CON D OTTI E RI

to a s n to o e to a o o a a in him ki g him c m M rmir l , vill M antu an t e rrit ory (und er a sa fe conduct) to t rea t of ea e an of a a e T h p c d m rri g . e count a nswered th at he could not go int o any pl a ce b elongi ng to the enemy o the onsen of the ene an sena e and a with ut c t V ti t , th t if the s ena te wa s wi se it would not consent ; but th a t the m a rqui s could com e to him at P eschi era with a sa fe he a nd wa e rt on . s s e e o eo s c duct Thi did r c iv d c u u ly, but h t e negoti a tions c a m e t o nothing . Furth er ﬁghtings o t o the s e e of ar nen o e e hi s a br ught him i g M ti g , wh r rmy wa s reduced to such stra it s th a t he ha d det ermined to a se the s e e and had n ee a r an e the o e for r i i g , i d d r g d rd r a e o s e ea on the ne da en n on o a p ril u r tr t xt y , wh A t i Guid ono of o ona a e to him n and s a T he b T rt c m by ight id , duk e who send s me know s th at y ou und erst and i n wh a t an e ou and the ea ue a re at ou anno e a n d g r y l g , th y c t r m i e e ou are for a n of s es nor et a a wh r y w t uppli , g w y, with the ene so nea e e o e he oes not o t of my r , wh r f r d d ub n h oe n t n n o . s e e s o a he vict ry But i c d thi k it ﬁtti g th t , the o s o e a hi s so e s a s he e e e l rd , h uld r w rd ldi r if w r th ir sone oes not see to a he o to con pri r, it d m him th t ught sen to e i n the s of the wa r to N icole n no t giv mid t Picci i , a en a who i s not a s a e to a sk for a n een Pi c z , h m d it , h vi g b a se to so ea n nor to T ali ano os o r i d by him gr t dig ity , B c nor to e a o o essa n no nor to the o e C on Fr g r l , Al dri ; th r a e con dottieri oth er thing s which a re not right . H rd r i i ns re not ose or o s ene es e e o e d t o a imp d by vict i u mi , wh r f r

he has e e ne to a oa ou the ene ans and d t rmi d ppr ch y , V ti And ou can be th o en nes for o a an a e . e Fl r ti , y ur dv t g y a judge of the conditi ons of pea ce if y ou lik e . All th t Piccinino ha s t a k en nea r B erga m o I will put in your o e e nn n a nen o ou a re p w r , b gi i g with M rti g , which y e ou a n a o e o e a nd b esieging ; I will giv y Bi c y ur b tr th d , rr n n a ll the o n on s s e Po with her C re o a a d c u try thi id ,

1 80 T H E CON D OTTI E RI

- i h - la w o born. F a thers and sons often pl tted against n f ’ e a o e in ose a s . O e o o a s o o da ch th r th d y Sf rz , Tr il ossano no o a a e a a n ent o e to R , with Bru r , v lu d c pt i , w v r onso of a on a a nst omhe wa s n and Alf Ar g , g i wh ﬁghti g, th eir ex a mple wa s followed by oth ers since Sforz a

“ a ea t b H pp red o e losing ground . e therefore sent letters ’ to lessan o hi s o e in Piccinino s a en os n A dr br th r , c mp , cl i g o e s a esse to ese two in he sa a th r ddr d th , which id th t they should do quickly th a t which th ey had a rr a nged t H s o do . e o m a na ge d m a tters th a t th ey were int e r ce ted and a en to the n and a t the sa e e p t k ki g , m tim sprea d a report at F a no th at he wa s sending Ci arpellone sea to e o so a t the n t o a he had by F rm , th ki g h ught th t s o e e a o a nd es a e a ea an e a nd s n e di c v r d pl t c p d gr t d g r, i c the men of th e se two c apt ains constituted the strength of hi s a he had t e s en a en a nd all e rmy, h m udd ly t k th ir An h ha n n se t things conﬁ sc at ed . d e d th em bou d a d n to a es and en e to a n e e e e e 1 0 N pl th c Sp i , wh r th y w r o a a so yea rs in pri son in a fortress in Val enci a . Sf rz l sent an en o to the n a n n not to s v y ki g, w r i g him tru t n no who wa s so ea erated at he a e Picci i , much p th c ll d “ o a and a to and o e na es of n a him c w rd tr i r , th r m i f my , a nd a en e to the e not o e ch ll g d him ﬁght , but du l did c m

off o a n n o e ent t o a for re , Sf rz thi ki g it m r prud w it en e inforcements within the w a ll s of F ano . Wh th y ’ a rrived he a tt ack ed a nd b ea t Piccinino a t M ont e dell

a e a nd a e hi s e n to an n e a se e e Ab t , ft r r tur Mil i ﬂict d v r In s a e defea t on hi s sons at M ont e del Olmo . thi b ttl

w s n so e s e s o a e e e a se he a pursui g m oldi r with ut h lm t , b c u “ hi s was lost But such wa s the k i nd ness of the enem a nd the a es of the o n a o e y m j ty c u t , th t th ugh th y might h a ve killed him a nd t a k en him th ey did not t ouch

a a en e e e a en sone s e him . N tur lly wh th y w r t k pri r th y a n es o n no was ess for were exch a nged . Fr c c Picci i l TH E CON DOTTI ERI 1 81

tunate and no o had es s a es for he e , d ubt l m j ty, thr w him self from hi s h orse and tri ed t o e sc ape through the n s man had m a rs h es on foot with one comp a ion. Thi o Ci a r ellone a few a s e o e and oo d es erte d fr m p d y b f r , t k f n T he him b a ck with him by way o a p eace offeri g . a post olic legate ran a way without hi s hat and pretended t o be a ch apl ain who had followed the enemy to pick

He was ta en and ea en. ee up something . k b t Thr e s of the a e e a e sone s n n qu art r rmy w r m d pri r , i cludi g o of the ea s of s a ons who e e ne not t o m st h d qu dr , d t rmi d serve the Bra cceschi any more since th ey had b een

b ea t en twice in the sa m e yea r a nd l ost all th eir b aggage . In 1 445 he lost nea rly all the M a rch by rebellion and ' the a tt a ck s of hi s enemies— Sigi sm ond M a l a t est a had een en a e o s on a nd had o e a b g g d by Filipp Vi c ti , f rm d combinati on aga inst him with the P ope and Alfonso of N aples in di sgu st at not being abl e to increa se hi s do n ons o a a n o esa o o a ea o mi i , Sf rz h vi g b ught P r fr m G l zz M a l a test a for ﬂorins of gold for hi s broth er Ales ’ san o who had a e a a esta s n e e and e e dr , m rri d M l t i c , Fr d rick of M ontefe ltro h aving b ought F os sombrone for “ ﬂ ri s e an ne e a a e to o a n e o n . Aft r i ff ctu l tt mpt bt i t rri ” o at the e ense of the o e wa s a se t ry xp P p , which dvi d os o de e n hi s men had to e by C im M dici , duri g which liv on st a e es and een o n he et ne to e o r wb rri gr c r r ur d F rm , a nd hi s fortunes a ppea re d s o pre ca ri ous that hi s broth er es san o o se to s to the a a e a e Al dr th ught it wi ubmit P p l l g t . so th at Francesco had no a lly but Frederick of M onte ’ e o a nd a e hi s o e s e e t on e s a e sa e f ltr , ft r br th r d f c i f lt c rc ly f in n the s a n one. e e i o e e s o e tru ti g y Fr d r ck , h w v r, h w d him ea o ses a e the a a e a e he gr t pr mi m d him by P p l l g t , which

ha d not a e e a nd s o e ne e to ea e a nd cc pt d , w r v r l v him , a a s to be ea to s i His lw y r dy a ssi t him with h s army . broth er Al es sandro sent hi s wife Bi anca and hi s sons to 1 82 THE CON D OTT I E RI

ho the e ate s e to him , t ugh l g wi h d him reta in them as

os a es a nd o t ne e an to be ess n a o a h t g , f r u b g l u f v ur ble . T he two leaders on the other side were su sp ect ed of a e nd e a e ea e . o s of tr ch ry, b h d d Succ ur foot rea che d him from Venice and he sent hi s glove to the ecclesi a stica l a a ns to e an a e on a en da e c pt i d m d b ttl giv y . Th y a e e the a en e not o e out to cc pt d ch ll g , but did c m ﬁght h on t e day ﬁxed . Ales sandro wa s forgi ven thr ough ’ e e s n e ess on and o s on e n Fr d rick i t rc i , Filipp Vi c ti b i g

esse the ene ans ha d the en e to e pr d by V ti , impud c writ to hi s son- in- law ose n he had een on n , wh rui b c trivi g, t t hi H n o o e o s a ss st an e . e e e a s to c m i c r pli d , dvi i g him gu a rd hi s l ands well and to t a k e good ca re of hi s im o an o es ses a nd o se to e a s soon a s p rt t f rtr , pr mi d h lp him H w o he c ould do so rightfully . e a s n t altogether sorry to see hi s on s of the ast ﬁve ea s a en e but on wr g l y r v g d , the o e an he not s to see the enet ans th r h d , did wi h V i in ossess on of the of an to he se p i duchy Mil , which him lf H n n a s e th ene ans h oped to succeed . e co ti u lly a k d e V ti a nd Florentines for the money he had a lrea dy ea rned . But the lorentines no on e ea n the e e e F , l g r f ri g duk , w r n e ent in a n and the ene a ns e e ot v ry dilig p yi g, V ti w r occupied with the war and did not wi sh it t o be possible

- i - w So he o e to for the count to h elp his fa th er h la . wr t C osimo de M edici th a t since the league had not k ept its enga gement s he was free from a ny b ond ; a nd ask ed him by their ancient friend ship to advi se him wh at to d s n e he had not one to ee hi s a to e e . o, i c m y k p rmy g th r to a e a nd sa es a o a nd a C osim o advi sed him t k ck P r , th t he s h ould not be friendly to a by free people ! And th a t he sh ould not exp ect h elp from th ose who na turally e s s o do a t he o o be h ated soldi r , but h uld wh th ught w uld He e s to ea n a he s o be u seful . judg d thi m th t h uld rec oncil ed to the duk e a nd defend his dominions which

1 84 T HE CON DOTTI E RI

T he es wa s ene a on s on a ll the r ult g r l c fu i , cities e a n e se es ee and i s ant n h d cl ri g th m lv fr , d m li g t e cit a del s e e e e e not s on T h wh r v r they w r tr gly h eld . e Milanese sent a mb a ssadors to France sco to engage him on the sa e e s a s o ha d o e e it the a tera m t rm Filipp ff r d , w h l tion tha t if he could t a k e Ve rona he sh ould k eep th at and e es an e o n l a ve Br ci a free. Fr c sc a d J a copo Piccinino t ook service under him a nd he collected m ost of the o n n o e n th er Mila ese C o d tti ri . By i geniou s reasoning with the Mil anese represent a tiv es he b ec a m e lord of a a o t o en n an a n een o e e the P vi , with u ff di g Mil , h vi g b ff r d city by the C a st ella n on conditi on th at it sh ould not be n He o n in the ast e an e s subj ect t o Mil a . f u d c l m y r lic of sa n s o e te a n a ea o s on an s e i t c ll c d by Gi G l zz Vi c ti , m y ilv r a ses for the a a a a e a a o florins v lt r, l rg libr ry, b ut n s e in nt H of o e e s o a d ea e . e e g ld, j w l , g ld ilv r gr t pl y k pt fl orins a nd a e to o o n n the a s e an g v B l g i i C t ll , n i s n e e was a so who di stributed 500 a m o g h me . Th r l s a t and o n wa s so and the o ee s much l c r , which ld , pr c d T he o es s was sur di stributed a mong the a rmy . f rtr round ed by d eep ditch es full of w at er a nd had a very T he a e on n to exp ensive pa l ace within it . p rk b l gi g it w s 20 es o n s o n e a a and e a mil r u d, urr u d d by w ll divid d n a ens e s a nd oo s the ees of a e i t o g rd , fi ld , w d , tr which h v th eir top s so level th a t th ey appea r m ade by h and a s on a ne a e a es seen from the c a stle; I t c t i d much g m , h r , He a a e a en a ta s oa s etc. goat s, s g , wild b r , tt ck d Pi c z , n o e e 1 hi s o se e n e n e a nd took it o N v mb r 5 , h r b i g kill d u d r T he sa as e him by a c a nnon b all duri ng the fight . ck l t d for 0 a s a nd the ens os not on finel - a e 4 d y , citiz l t , ly y m d n n s of a use and e e in a t s e thi gs, but thi g d ily w r f c tripp d o a sen a s to the of all th eir b el ongings . Sf rz t gu rd a en e e a nd m ona steries wh ere the w om en had t k r fug , e o e an n all ose who had did hi s best to rest or rd r, h gi g th 1 8 . To fa ce p. 4

1 86 T H E CON DOT T I E RI

n one at ea h end of hi s s and s a ss e hu g c tick , thu p d o and e ne in the s a e a nn At the thr ugh r tur d m m e r. council sub sequ ently he a nd eight of the oth e r ca pt a ins o e a a e e o e for a ssa t and e fr m th M rch g v th ir v t ul , th ir

e e n e the s ena e an a a was a e vi w b i g uph ld by t , tt ck m d , which took Fra ncesco so much by surpri se t h a t hi s ca mp He ha o was nea rly t a k en. d f rtiﬁed a bridge leading t o

it a nd o n s the a e . a o on a a wa s , r u d thi ﬁght r g d C rl G z g o n e in the e e and ﬂed h o the a t o an w u d d y t r ugh c mp Mil , t elling ev eryone he met th at the a rmy wa s on the p oint e nn e a n f of e n o . a o a o e o the C ondot b i g r ut d M B ril , th r er wa s t a en e n ea en to the o n a nd a s he ti i , k , b i g b t gr u d , a sse to the o n s of hi s a o wa s o e a ll p d l dgi g c pt r , j k d by Mi helott nd o o o sa to th s a ons . c o a e qu dr L d vic id him , ” anno to— da o men a re o e he a ns e e O M , y y ur r ut d , but w r d “ oo o a e It i s o e e t o be o s with g d c ur g , m r lik ly y ur , wh om y ou h ave brought int o a pl a ce from which they ” a eo da will not get out with out brok en h ea d s . M tt a a the a s e an wa s in the a ea n for the C pu , C t ll , c mp tr ti g

en e and s e to sea the a a on en a nd surr d r , wi h d l c pitul ti th an es o there a nd get a w ay t o h elp the a ssail ant s . Fr c c e in a and on his a ss on e a rm d hurry, with ly cuir , jump d

a nd e to the e o n hi s men on hi s h orse hurri d ﬁght , xh rti g to do th eir b est since the sa fety of the c a mp dep ended Montealboddo s o e to o e o , on th em . R b rt di h ut d him

o n ou not et a a to - da o o n C u t , y will g w y y with ut b ili g ” u are T o o he e e a o e o, o w a t er . wh m r pli d c lmly , R b rt y in a pl ace from which y ou will not get a w ay with out ” e n o e en s now a e settling with the h ost . R i f rc m t c m up in an a nd a n es o see n a e a nd a tt a ck ed ﬂ k , Fr c c i g th t th y n es s ha d so little room to m a noeuvre th a t th eir l a c truck a ne a e so a o e , t ogether , divi d th t th y did p rtly thr ugh f r t a s and a a s on so c a lled to hi s men to lower he b r tt ck tr gly, “ And in a e e e for the enemy a re rout ed . f ct th y w r TH E CON D OTTI E RI 1 87

o en and n the wa e ha d o e w br k , ﬂyi g by y th y c m , which a s a e na o a ssa e e o e a nd e e ea o e v ry rr w p g , f ll v r imp d d ch th r, T so th at m ost we re t a k en. he s oldi er s gaily r eturned to a in the e en n a e s n the ene so oa e c mp v i g ft r pur ui g my, l d d oo a e o s a e with b ty th t th y c uld c rc ly get a long . Eve ry a e was of son s a nd a es s o a e o pl c full g g m , th t th y c uld s a e on a n e se e f r os c rc ly c t i th m lv s o joy . Th e who were on a o n the as e and he e o e n gu rd r u d c tl , t r f r did ot h ave t e s are ha d ins ea the o er of a eo h ir h , t d pr p ty M tt da C a pu a T h and hi s people. e foot soldie rs were stripped a nd i n ’ sen a a on a eo e n e a ne . I a n es o s t w y, ly M tt b i g r t d Fr c c a e e e e oo and o se i n the c mp th r w r f t h r , ’ Venetians foot and h or se— all the infa ntry e e a en and on a o of the o se es a e w r t k ly b ut h r c p d ,

s - s most of wh om killed th eir h or es by over riding. Thi

victory a dded immensely to hi s reput a ti on. T he Venetians and Mil anese being about to m ak e ea e a n es o o e the o ai n s of hi s e p c , Fr c c , m v d by c mpl t wif , who s e to e o e the o n ons of her at e wi h d him r c v r d mi i f h r,

a nd ons e a on for the e - en of hi s en by c id r ti w ll b i g childr , e e ne to a e e s the ene ans d t rmi d m k t rm with V ti , which he o a s a e a e o the o ssa did thr ugh P qu l M lipi r , c mmi ry, 33 T he e e e d ays a ft er the b attle of C a ravaggi o. t rm s w r th a t the pri soners on ea ch side s hould be given up ; th a t a ll the C a stella tha t the count had ta ken in the country of B erga mo and Brescia sh ould return to the ene ans a nd e a and the o e a s e a of a a V ti , Cr m , th r C t ll Ghi r ’ d Adda e e to be enet an all the o e es a nd w r V i , but th r citi C a stell a which had belonged to Filippo Vi sconti at hi s ’ “ An for the ea s e dea th were to be the count s . d i r a ccompli shment of the sa me the Veneti ans w ere to pay o se a nd oot e e e to sen to h r f , which th y w r d ” And e he wa s to a e hi s c a mp within a m onth . furth r h v ﬂori ns of gold e a ch m onth until he beca me p os 1 88 T HE C ON D OT T I E RI

se s se of an and en e e wa s to be s a an e d Mil th th r trict lli c , ” ea a n a s en s a nd ene es ose of the o e ch h vi g fri d mi th th r, i h in a n n w He a hi a nd g ving elp pe ce a d i ar. c lled s a rmy t ogeth e r a nd expl a ined the wh ole thing to th em in a h wa s e e In long s p eech whic r ceiv d with enthu si a s m .

‘ tri ues too a e in a n and an es o a ne se e a g k pl c Mil , Fr c c g i d v r l o a n a es and the n n a me o e to imp rt t pl c , Picci i i c v r him n wa s a seeing hi s st a r in the a scend a t . It t thi s tim e th at he o se hi s a e s ana to a o o T h pr mi d d ught r Dru i J c p . e Mil a nese were very fright ened and one of the Gh i b elline lea d er s wa s b eh eaded and a nother impri soned and tor o e a e a e the na n of a n es o tur d , whil public dict m d mi g Fr c c , e e in a on e o s a nne a a en a o e. xc pt c t mptu u m r , c pit l ff c S om e sa id th ey would ra th e r be given to the Turk or the e an to a n es o and a ll ose who es e d vil th Fr c c , th d ir d p ea ce and quiet sca rcely d a red to spea k or to go out s T he s e e a e on a n of th eir h ouse . i g dr gg d with v ryi g ’ or ne rn a o n t o Pi c cinino s o e ea n f tu , p i cip lly wi g d ubl d li g, o who in the spring returned to the Mil anese . C a rl on a a had een n for e and now a e G z g b ﬁghti g th m , m d e s a n es o the ene an senate o e t rm with F r c c , but V ti , m v d the en ea es of a n a a ssa o o an e e by tr ti mb d r fr m Mil , d cid d o e a of e e not to h elp him a ny m ore. Alth ugh Cr m f r d se t o an es o he e se sa n a the com it lf Fr c c , r fu d , yi g th t by a it was to be ene a n s o n ea e e a for p ct V ti , h wi g gr t r r g rd hi s en a e en s an the no who a s Simoneta sa s g g m t th Sig ry , y , As soon a s they had Cre m a concluded p eace with the a mb assador without any rega rd to the l eague or to divine ” w T h anes e e of or hum a n la . e Mil e w r course d elighted ’ T he o n s a o s o n o a nd m ade high festiva l . c u t or t r g i g t Venice to ratify the p eace on s lightly altered t erm s a nd s n e a hi s o e s e e o a t t e u i g d l y by rd r , w r t ld th if h y did not do it at once th ey would be put in pri son ! A ve ry

- an e o ee n e e o e e a nd high h d d pr c di g , wh r f r th y did it

1 90 T HE C OND OT T I E RI und er the lea dership of Piero C ott a a nd Gua spa rri da Vilmercato brok e int o the pa l a ce wh ere the princes of ” e s at and e eona o en e the ene a n lib rty , kill d L rd V i r, V ti e a e who a e out to e o e he a s at l g t , c m r pr v t m h r hly, which the a s a es ﬂed i n e o T he ns en s m gi tr t t rr r. i urg t c a m e to the conclu sion th a t since th ey had not enough m oney to continue the st ruggl e for lib erty th ey mu st offer the city e e to the o n or to the ene a ns a nd s n e the ith r c u t V ti , i c a te e e a e l e T a l o for an es o. he l t r w r much h t d , v t d Fr c c next day th erefore he rode to Mil an with a n escort and was e e e a n of the no es who a se r c iv d by m y bl , dvi d him to a h T he e s o n th t ke t e lord ship quickly . ﬁ ld b rd eri g e oad for es o n the e e of eo e to r mil r u d city w r full p pl , wh om the soldi ers gav e the brea d which they were a r n ea to e e t for a n es o had c r yi g , gr tly th ir d ligh , Fr c c comm anded ea ch soldie r to t a k e a s much with him a s

oss e . e at o ta o a o o o p ibl Arriv d P r Nu v , Ambr gi Trivulzi and so e o e ens o ose hi s en s n m th r citiz pp d try, wi hi g him an to sign the conditi ons before ent ering a s duk e . Fr es o ne to Gua s a rre a e a e a nd sa c c tur d p r th r p l id , If I ” had no n s o not a e o e e e. o e e k w thi I w uld h v c m h r H w v r , the difficulty wa s got ov er and he wa s re ceived by the

eo e h ea o all ess n to o hi s an . p pl wit gr t j y , pr i g t uch h d T he crowd wa s so grea t th a t hi s h orse was a lmost

a e on the s o e s of the eo e Simonet a s a s . c rri d h uld r p pl , y N ot b eing a ble to di smount on a ccount of the crowd he rende r ed th ank s to God a nd the Virgi n on h orseba ck ” en he en i n the Church of the Virgi n M oth er . Th w t h f th an en a of the Ma rli ani a nd to t e h ou se o e ci t f mily , n e ne a nd ate so e ea en o e n dra k a littl wi m br d , th rd ri g

on a a to n a the a a e to e a the C a rlo G z g i h bit p l c , w ll gu rd towers a nd the ga t es a nd to prohibit all tumult a nd

a ne a nd to o a a the n e e a e e r pi , pr cl im th t pri c will d th t v ry

en s o be se e he e the o e n en in hi s citiz h uld cur , l ft g v r m t a . f . Lo z o . T he Pill a rs o S ren Mil n

1 0. To fa ce p . 9

1 9 2 T HE CON DOT TI E RI

on a a the a s of an a to do so a n G z g M rqui M tu , m ki g him a so a e e of hi s a so e e his l m mb r f mily , which much v x d broth e r C a rlo th at he offered to serve the Veneti a ns if n w e o e e the ar. a o e e en o e th y w uld r w It ly, h w v r, j y d

ene a ea e but the ne ea was a a ue ea g r l p c , xt y r pl g y r . wh en a s m a ny a s 2 00 died in a day a nd the popul ati on of an wa s e e h T he Mil r duc d by b efore t e wi nt er . ’ rom a nce a nd a dv enture of Francesco Sforza s life were now over for the mos t p a rt and his a ctivity wa s r a th e r a t the council t abl e and in p olitica l struggles th an i n war a few es e n en s a re e o e and , but pictur qu i cid t r c rd d som e fine pa gea nt s d escrib ed . For inst a nce the Venetians had b een sprea ding e o t s of hi s o a e o o a a r p r c w rdic thr ugh ut It ly , p rtly no d oubt prompt ed by hi s withdra w a l from a ctiv e service a nd p artly b eca u se he ha d rece ived C olleoni en he had a e es a e o , wh b r ly c p d fr m th em and giv en him employm ent at a high er figure 1 1 he o e t o e an he as e . O n o e 2 th k d Oct b r 3 , 4 5 , wr t th m offering them op en b a ttle at a pl a ce ten mil es from es a a e Ghede s n e e s a a he not B r ci c ll d , i c th y id th t did a e to ee e in the o en e s e e e se d r m t th m p fi ld , but h lt r d him lf T he a en e wa s in m arsh es and b ehind ramp a rt s . ch ll g a ccept ed with the return of two glov es and two bloody s ea s and a a e e the ne on a e een p r , d t fix d , xt M d y , b tw 9 a nd 1 0 in an a e a e a e to o ar es o s , y pl c cc pt bl b th p ti , w rd

being u sed which mu st h av e b een ga lling to Sforza . T he lea ders on the side of the Veneti ans were G entil e da onessa a o o n no and a o on a a ; on Li , J c p Picci i C rl G z g ’ o a s o o o on a a and a o o eo Colleoni . Sf rz , L d vic G z g B rt l mm two e n the ea e s o e a e ennon on These b i g l d r , b r whit p

It a ne on n o s no o t th eir h ea d s. r i d c ti u u ly , which d ub

n a n o a e for e not a ea . d a mpe d the V e eti c ur g , th y did pp r ’ So Sforz a s men erect e d a column of st one a nd lim e TH E CON DOTTI E RI 1 9 3 a bow sh ot aw ay on which th ey pl a ced the gloves which the ene had sen e on a s ea in e o h my t , ﬁx d p r m m ry of t e ” da a nd to the s a e of the en e . y , h m my In 1 464 Gua spa rre di Vilmerca to wa s sent to t ak e a an a e of the eno ese i s sens ons a nd a dv t g G v d i , tta cking

' the cit on the a of the a on en s a ne osses y p rt m lc t t , g i d p of os f H w to th s on o . e a s a e e ea a i m t it c rri d Gr t H ll , e n e e e e a nd the i ens esen a e him b i g w ll r c iv d , c tiz pr t c ll d G ov ernor of G enoa for Francesco Sforza the lord of ” th a t city Thi s wa s follow ed by a public decree giving h n l t T e him t e lord ship a d a l he right a pp ert a ining . h G enovese sent 2 4 leg a t es to sa lute their new prince and to s ea ea to a nd 200 ens of enoa ae o w r f lty him , citiz G c m ’ ni e e e e e e the e s sons pa ed th em . Th y w r r c iv d by duk T he and all the councillors a nd m a gi str a tes of the city . eno ese e e in on o es the a a in esses G v w r l g r b , duc l p rty dr n n T h eno ese much orna me t ed with gold a d silver. e G v were splendidly receiv ed and lodged in the p a la ce which ’ e ee a s of had b een C a rma gnola s . Th ere wer thr d y es and on the o da e ha d a en e of f tivity , f urth y th y udi c the the duke in the ﬁrst loggi a of the duca l p a la ce . At end a es o the oo e e e e te two s a e s on f rth t fr m d r w r r c d t g , the e e e the sea s of the n es all o e e high r w r t pri c , c v r d with n T he e sat on the a nd hi s e on h angi gs . duk right wif ” e e e the left wonde rfully cloth ed and ad orn d . Aft r th m

th eir two sons and th eir d a ught ers and two d a ughte rs ~

— n in law e o e the a st ates e e sea e . O . A littl l w r m gi r w r t d the o e s a e e e the a ons and o e no es e o th r t g w r b r th r bl , b l w

a nd out side were m any nobles a nd well - a d orned anese the o n and s o n n s e n e o a ed Mil , gr u d urr u di g b i g d c r t T he en e e en e e with carpet s a nd m any ﬂowers . G ov s t r d the pa l a ce richly dressed and with threefold reverence mounted t ow a rd s the throne of the duk e and were bv on o a ons him a nd hi s wife j oyfully received . With l g r ti N 1 94 T HE CON DOTT I E RI

e a e the e a s e e the st an a the e s th y g v him r g l c ptr , d rd , k y f n o the and the sea . a es o he the s e e city , l Fr c c ld c ptr i n hi s an a e the s an a t o a ea o the , right h d , g v t d rd G l zz , a n the sea k eys t o Filippo d l to Sforz a M a ri a . Thu s imon t s n S e a des crib es the ce e. n a a w t s . see a s a ea e e ne to Piu I I i g th t It ly p c , r tur d hi s s e e of war a a ns the s in s ea a nd ch m g i t Turk thi y r, no s a n n a e and nes s en to n ona o twith t di g g ill , w t A c , fr m a th e n w which pl ce e exp diti o a s to sta rt . M any men ha d com e from Sp ain and G erm any to foll ow the P ope “ in h op e of engagem ent s with him But not ﬁnding an h n e a e n en es for s ns e e a n yt i g pr p r d but i dulg c i , th y b g ” with indignation to return h om e ! In s 1 6 1 an es o e of a o an e e Augu t , 4 , Fr c c f ll ill qu tidi f v r H a nd sh ortly a ft er b eca m e drop sical . e suffered so much from p a ins i n the j oint s th a t he oft en th ought he wa s o n t i e o e h e o e e i n the o o ~ o d . e e g i g H w v r , r c v r d f ll w i n s n e e o the o sy a nd s n a e g pri g xc pt fr m dr p , thi i dic t d the a a ea n of hi s ons on for he e gr du l br ki g up c tituti , di d ea s a e on a 8 1 66 a n een e of 4 % y r l t r, M rch , 4 , h vi g b duk f n the da a e hi s ea Mil a n or 1 6 yea rs . O third y ft r d th he was a e to the of the n e e he c rri d Church Virgi , wh r “ H wa s e in re lay in st a t e till the eveni ng . e buri d p ci ous es en s the a ens ns e v tm t , with duc l ig , gird d with the sword which had ga i ned him et e rna l h onour in so m any und ert a kings a nd with the sceptre in hi s right h and . “ He was a e an o on had a n e a e t ll r th c mm , dig iﬁ d f c , a e a nd ene a e so a he wa s e a e a on gr v v r bl , th t r m rk d m g H w s a o san e en a on n es a nd ene a s . e a th u d , v m g pri c g r l very strong and d ext erou s from hi s youth and beat e e one in o n e s n nn n a nd n v ry thr wi g, wr tli g , ru i g jumpi g , He thre w grea t b a ll s o f iron a nd l a rge st ones a s far a s

s h s s H e a en e the oth er could t row light pea r . e sily dur d

1 96 TH E CON D OTTI E RI

o e a a ssa o s o an a n een o e S m mb d r fr m Mil h vi g b r bb d . not hs an n hi s sa e on he o e in e son wit t di g f c duct , r d p r to the pl a ce a nd had the lea de r t a k en and hung ; the o e s he e t to the a e s of the am ass a o s th r l f pr y r b d r , but m a de them return e ve rything which could be found of the n s ha d een a en and at wa s ss n thi g which b t k , wh mi i g w ” th ey had to repla ce at th eir o n expense. T he only building of a ny import ance which Simonet a m enti ons a s b eing ere ct ed by him i s the a ncient ca stle of o a Gi obbi a h he a e to the o n at ons and P rt , w ich r z d f u d i rebuilt l a rger th an it wa s b efore— but he and hi s wife e a n a so o n e the s e a e a o e the ea c rt i ly l f u d d O p d l M ggi r , b u a a e of n on o Filarete i s one of the tiful f c d which , by A t i , m ost rem a rk able of the t erra cotta buildings of N orth a — a nd n e his s es so s a n e a e the en e It ly u d r ucc r , Mil b c m c tr of ons e a e art o on in a o s e s a n c id r bl pr ducti v ri u ﬁ ld , h vi g b een the h om e of L eona rdo da Vinci for 5 y ears from 1 485 a nd for 1 0 yea rs m ore from 1 506— while Bra m ant e e e e liv d th r from 1 476 to 1 500. E RASMO DA NARN I , CALL E D GATTA _

M E LATA .

’ T T M T a e wa s a a e of a n na e GA A ELA A S f th r b k r N r i , m d a o o a nd a s o or e a no a s he i s a e in the P l , Er m ( St f , c ll d Veneti a n p a tent of nobility) wa s b orn som ewh ere a bout

1 0 in the Vi a e a a e in the a n en a s of . 37 , d ll V ll ci t p ri h S w no . T h a en ne no . os e o se i s s n V l ti , S Ag ti h u ju t withi the nne a e of the o n a nd oo s o e the a i n i r g t t w l k v r w ll ,

the a s n a e now i s the s a on of which public w hi g pl c , itu ti the pl a ce on its lofty rock giving extended view s up the v alley of the N era ; which i s crossed ju st below by a medimval e a nd the ea a of the a n en bridg , by gr t vi duct ci t Vi a a n a o of a e een o en the Fl mi i , b th which h v b br k by ’ o en or an s an the o e a n een e a e t rr t by m h d , f rm r h vi g b r p ir d n with inco gruou s l a ttice gi rders . He wa s a e a a e a a the one e cat on c ll d G tt m l t , h y d , “ a o n of the s ee nes s of hi s a nne s to cc u t w t m r , which e e o n He s w r j i ed great a stut enes s a nd cunning . ﬁr t

oo se e C eccolo o o the o of s s s a nd t k rvic with Br g li l rd A i i , 1 9 7 1 9 8 T HE CON D OT T I E RI

soon a ne the a o of hi s a a n wh g i d f v ur c pt i , o a dv anced him a s e a nd a e hi s own oa of a in h t p g v him c t m il , w ich he “ had a n n A m y times co qu ered . s long a s he liv ed he e s or o s a o ea and o en o e it n n h ld thi gl i u rm ur d r ft w r , thi ki g th a t hi s soldier s w ould be a nim a t e d in the ﬁght by s eeing the testim ony to the v a lour and expertness of th eir

ro -n o o h a s e t l ea der . F Br gli e p s d o the service of Bra ccio da on one a s e e of a a a nd wa s hi s o an on M t pr f ct c v lry, c mp i hi s ea n i i vi o s a s h s on o nse o . G o till d th , u i g him ly c u ll r e a es a he wa s o e a o and a he r l t th t much l v d by Br cci , th t r a i sed him to a high positi on a nd a llowe d him to use hi s s a n a a nd the o o of hi s s oa he oa s e t d rd c l ur urc t , which b t d he ha d a n ll h th s e e of a e e a is e . e r t i d lif At i g Aquil , “ en a o wa s e in 1 2 hi s o n wa s a wh Br cci kill d , 4 4 , c u cil th t th ey sh ould go out and a ssa ult the ca mp of the a llies a nd not a ll ow the a rmy to be increa se d by the juncture of the eo e of Sa n e e no and a en and o p pl S v ri P r ti , th ugh his a e wa s not a en hi s e a on wa s so dvic t k , r put ti much increa sed by the b a ttl e th a t it wa s sa id th a t he a lone rem a ined unconquered and di sput ed H a n the p a lm of vict ory with the vict ors . e le r t with a o new a s of s os n hi s oo s for a t e new Br cci w y di p i g tr p b t l , o s a nd e en es to e e e the ene a nd a s of pl t pr t c d c iv my , w y a s sa n s on a es a n a nes a nd a n ulti g tr g pl c , pl ci g m chi m ki g In 1 2 he oo en es not seen e o e in a . tr ch , b f r It ly 4 5 t k ’ s e e h N icole e a e a ortebra ccio s rvic wit d ll St ll , F ne e en a a n- ene a of the o ent ne e ph w , th c pt i g r l Fl r i r public , on e a ne a s o e e n n e but ly r m i d h rt tim with him , b i g i vit d t s e th o e e in 1 2 a n . o e e 4 7 by M rti V rv church , t g th r with hi s sworn broth er C ount Bra nd olini da B a gna c av a llo : so he e a e ene to the o se of a o to n no b c m my h u Br cci , Picci i ,

and e a e a hi s old en s a nd a s e s . d ll St ll , fri d m t r ’ He wa s a e a o 1 1 0 ‘ hi s e s na e e n m rri d b ut 4 , wif m b i g Gi a com a di M esser A nt oni o Boca rini Brunori da

T HE CON DOTTI ERI 1 99

ones sa en of e o a nd o of on e Li , citiz Orvi t l rd M t G i ove . Her o e en e wa s hi s o a e i n t br th r, G til , c mr d he fi eld a nd hi s s esso in the o a n of the en n ucc r c mm d V etia condott a . T he bride wa s a cc omp anied to church and t o the h ouse of her s an o en s oo s es s hu b d with c mplim t , g d wi h , gift , o e s son s and s o e e s fl w r , g , mu ic fr m v ry ide. All the e a ons en s and onne ons of th tw r l ti , fri d , c cti e o fa mili es m a de a cortege a round her in the ir rich est and m ost beau tiful dresses golden j ewe l s a nd p ea rl neckl a ces glittered On esses of o a e o e h o a nd s e or of dr br c d t uch d wit g ld ilv r, sa n and e et of a o s o o s e o e e in o ti v lv v ri u c l ur , mbr id r d g ld , s e an th ilv r d silk . But e most importa nt bu siness for the bride and for the hou se into which she wa s going wa s the o e and the o ssea and a a e a a ha d the d w r tr u u, G tt m l t se on a nd the s se a e on 00 a s of c d rich fir t mi r bl , ly 5 duc t ” In 1 — o . the w f a a s 0 85 . g ld ( 434 duc t w orth a bout 9 r. 5 — n but i creased consider a bly in v a lu e in la ter yea rs) . As far a s i s no n hi s st en e s e for a n k w fir t rpri M rti V , was the t a king of M ont one and Citta di C a stello from the o F rtebra i n a n h o cc o o a a a o. . ad wid w , , Nic l V r M rti V reconqu ere d m any of the la nds which ha d been tribut a ry

' or s e to a o but hi s o had e s a e ubj ct Br cci , wid w p r u d d a o a aneo tta a s e o and ontone to e e Gu ld C tt , Ci di C t ll , M r b l a a ns the o ea and e e in the na e of her g i t H ly S t , rul d th m m T h o e e o et her to e wa son C a rlo . e P p tri d t g giv y by means of e a ss es o s n to ea e her a mb i , pr mi i g l v Citt di a s e o she o e the o e s e e C t ll if w uld giv up th r , but ith r ’ s s n or the o e s ns n of n di tru ti g him , with m th r i ti ct ﬁghti g for her she e se and wa s om excommuni child , r fu d pr ptly na o s o of en e ca ted on a n a 1 1 2 8. e o J u ry , 4 Pi r D t , bi h p V ic a nd o e no of e a o e e oo a nd a few G v r r P rugi , c ll ct d f t o se a nd a e to a a s e o on an a 1 8 h r m rch d Citt di C t ll , J u ry , w s o en a a e a a but a s repulsed . At thi m m t G tt m l t a ea e 200 o se ose o n a se the pp r d with h r , wh c mi g c u d 200 T H E CON DOTT I E RI

” a s e an to a la e a a nd to n out ose C t ll i cry , Viv lib rt , tur th of the ar of the a ano a e e sen a a s p ty V r , ft r which th y t mb sadors t o the o e e ar n e se es hi s s P p d cl i g th m lv ubj ect s . As o e e the o e no e ona o im ose se e e , h w v r, g v r r, Pi r D t , p d v r on on th w en n T h c diti s e ar w t o . e V a rano m ore fr om ea an oo en a s e e of the o e and f r th g d judgm t k d m rcy P p , ce ded M ontone to him with the oth er l and s in return for a s a e on for e se her son and h r e e on n s . f c duct h r lf, , b l gi g O n 1 0 ons no e oo ossess on of on one April , M ig r t k p i M t , and on the 1 a onna e ne to a e no her 3th , M d r tur d C m ri , o n r e e not on af e she e of a r n c u t y, wh r l g t r di d ch g i , rep enting h a ving lost a ll from not being c ont ente d with e a nd a n o a s one a a e to the son she littl , h vi g cc i d d m g ll h r N or o she o e l oved with a e h ea rt . c uld c mfort hers lf with the 1 6 loa d s of things a nd the rich es which she a e h her o on one e a se e e e e e c rri d wit fr m M t , b c u th y w r ith r n s a en o es ona s e es a nd the u ju tly t k fr m church , m t ri , o ses of en e and s e or had een s e o h u g tl impl , b uck d fr m ” the blood of th eir poor s ubj ect s by enormou s t ax es . E a ch town under the P op e sigh ed eith er for it s ancient o s or for e a nd the a a ns had on n a to l rd lib rty , c pt i c ti u lly n for ns a n e in st s o e o eak s . o o a m th r utbr At B l g , i t c , Augu 1 2 8 a ons a o e out n e the C anedoli in 4 , c pir cy br k u d r , the r n a a es oo a e mad o s which p i cip l f mili t k p rt , lik d g on o n th ey ra n a rmed to the Pi a zz a S . P etr i cryi g tumul ’ e e o n the oo s tuousl a la e a. y , Viv lib rt Th y thr w d w d r f the a a o o a nd a n the on a e a e o P l zz Public , m ki g P tiﬁc l l g t n o a e the sa e all hi s e on n s . e e ﬂy, ck d b l gi g Th y th pr cl im d e a o n to the a n en s a es r s n to the r public cc rdi g ci t t tut , t u ti g Cit i zens to uph old it with out considering wh eth er they ha d m eans to su st ain it or the exp ect ation of supp ort So the a na e a e of o a na from with out . C rdi l l g t R m g , ca ll ed t ogeth er in I mol a the clever c a pt ains Ant onio en o o Attendolo of o no a N i colO o en no B tiv gli , C tig l , T l ti ,

202 TH E C ON D OTTI E RI

a a n on e a nd n ee o e p y him y l g r , i d d w d him duca t s of o for n a s a ar e a ta e ata wa s not g ld u p id l y, whil G t m l a e to ee his men to ethe at hi s own e ns Hi bl k p g r xp e e . s “ ﬁrma had still 5 month s to run at duca t s a on and the ene a ns e e s o a n o s to et m th , V ti w r xi u g him th at they offe red to lend th at sum to hi s H oliness if he But a e e no n would giv e him l ea v e to go . m tt rs w re t ﬁ ally nuto es th f hi se e e a 1 . Sa e a e o s ttl d till F bru ry , 434 giv d t en a e en o et e o nt B an o no 0 o se g g m t (t g h r with C u r d li , 4 5 h r

and 800 oo a s 1 1 1 . He had o e s to a e f t) April , 434 rd r t k

C a st el Fra nco in E mili a . So he m a de prep a rations with hi en s st he e en e to a e a en s u su a l a stut es . Fir pr t d d h v t k a o e of o es a nd e he en to the c upl r gu , with th m w t ”

a s e an n en a nd ta e ese two a o s . C t ll cryi g, Op k th tr it r T he a s e an who wa s a e s e o ene the a e C t ll , r th r impl , p d g t a nd let en e W hi s es o en he oo the him t r ith c rt , wh t k “ ” a e h onest man and hi s fa mily pri soners . Six d ays ft r he secretly had som e inns out s id e the c astle t ow a rd s . M od ena set ﬁre to ; the inh abit a nt s hurri ed out to e n s the ﬁre e o a en a a nd he xti gui h , which th y th ught ccid t l , shut th em out sa ying th a t they c ould j oin the M odenese

where th ey would be better off. He wa s w a rring nea r B ologna the wh ol e of thi s yea r a T n e s e on with v rying fortu ne . he opp osi g pow r w er one s e o o na a nd a n a nd on the o e the o e id B l g Mil , th r P p , the o en ne s a nd en e o a o e e the Fl r ti , V ic Im l ff r d him o s of the e e n hi s e to a of the l rd hip city , pr f rri g rul th t n the o ne o e or the e of a n. He a e P p Duk Mil th k d c mmu , e se e e n a ons a nt e and a a n but r fu d , pr f rri g c t ﬁd lity tr quil consci ence to a n uncert a in princip a lity a nd a cert a in ” T he e ea of a s e o o nese o o e in rem orse. d f t C t l B l g f ll w d which on each side w ere a bout c a v alry a nd n no wa s the on e n ene a a nd o foot . Picci i c qu ri g g r l , th ugh e a n a s es s a a a n 200 G att a m el at a b g with ucc ful tt ck , t ki g a . f . G o ve a e . Po rtico in fro nt o S i n l N rni

202 . To fa ce p.

204 T HE CON D OTT IE RI so th a t ea rly the next m orning th ey might a tt a ck the ene my before th ey w ere a w a ke ; but to do this som eone had to oss to the o e s e a nd at a e a a volun cr th r id , G t m l t ee e to ea the a s n e wa s hi s an. t r d l d p rty, i c it pl Th ey osse nea e o a o a nd the e wa s ne cr d r M d l g , bridg arly com lete en a oo a e o n and ne e e n p wh ﬂ d c m d w rui d v rythi g , s ee n e en the oa s a a a s e a s so e of he w pi g v b t w y, w ll m t men who e s n t tri d wimmi g a cross he r apid stre am . \Vhen the sun ose e e e s o e e an r th y w r di c v r d d a tt a ck ed . B eing much too sm a ll a p a rty to defend th em selves s uccessfully

a a e a a e e to s the e wa s G tt m l t urg d th m wim riv r, which now o e a a n e he se e the ene much l w r g i , whil him lf h ld my in e a nd en s a hi s o se o e e ch ck th w m h r v r, much lik T he a u of wa s H ora tiu s a t the bridge . M rq i s M antu a at s e the ene a n a a n- ene a a nd G atta me thi tim V ti c pt i g r l , ’ l a t a s su spicions wer e a rou sed by cert a in incid ents which led him to think th a t negoti a tions w ere proceeding with Piccinino to b etra y the wh ole a rmy to him ; he th erefore e and a e so e e o s e e en es s ee e l ft him , ft r m p ril u xp ri c , ucc d d A a on e en e in ga thering horse in Bresci a . s c s qu c the no s e to a e a a n— ene a a nd Sig ry wi h d m k him c pt i g r l , since the disa greement s betw een him and Bra ndolini had e o e a e e s a e the a e to e e s b c m cut , p r u d d l tt r r tir , thu l ea ving the way free for the sole a pp ointm ent of G a tt a The e a a wa s a e on e e e 1 . m l t , which m d D c mb r 5 , 437 to the ssa on e e e 2 sa s : And l etter commi ry D c mb r 3 , y from now we say a nd will th at he h a ve the ruling of a ll our o se and oo o n a his ea h r f t , h pi g th t with gr t n e n e in the es anne a nd prude ce he will gov r th m b t m r , th a t he will do such things a s may be to our h onour a nd for the rest he i s to c a ll him self governor of our

eo e a nd he s a a e a s o e hi s on o a of p pl , h ll h v f rm rly c d tt 400 l ances a nd footm en of the s a m e numb er th a t he And his o s on s a be 00 a s a a lready ha s . pr vi i h ll 3 duc t A o o f G a a a a t he A e a V . rm ur tt mel t in rs n l . enice

T a o f ce p.

26 6 THE CON DOTTI E RI we re to add th a t while it wa s cert ain th a t i n the p a st he had s o n ea e t and s n ar e o on a h w gr t fid li y i gul d v ti , th t th ey were s ure th a t in the future he would go from good to e e and o s o eatness of so And b tt r w uld h w gr ul . th a t th ey ha d given him a hou se so th a t he might be fittingly and h onourably l odged wh en he c a m e to Venice ; a nd th at he sh ould not be l onger th an a month before he pre sent ed him self to the council so th at he might t ak e os ses ion of the h And a h w s ouse . t e a s a e p _ th dmitt d e e of the ea o n and wa s e ee at m mb r Gr t C u cil , it d cr d th hi s Opinion in wa r m a tt ers sh ould be of more v a lue th an a of the o e s a nd a he s o a t no e be th t th r , th t h uld tim hind ered by the a uth ority of the Provveditors— this l ast e n a os n s a a n e a a e e b i g m t u u u l d r m rk ble privil g . In thi s sa m e yea r he fought a d efensive c a mp a ign a a ns n no o n es a e n the ea e g i t Picci i r u d Br ci , b i g much w k r i n n l o n n a a n e s . no oo a l the o umb r Picci i t k c u try r u d G rd , wa s e ea e nea R oado a e se e a o s n but d f t d r ft r v r l h ur fighti g , a n een s se e 00 of hi s men e e out h vi g b urpri d , whil 4 w r

o n h r cOvered se a nd a a e a . o e e e e f r gi g H w v r , him lf tt ck d the o n a a e to e ona a a e a a c u try tt ch d V r , which G tt m l t trie d t o s uccour by way of the Mincio : but the river was o en a nd on a a too s on so a he had to sw ll G z g tr g , th t

a hi s so e s a n een for 0 o s o withdr w , ldi r h vi g b 4 h ur with ut oo or es a s in e a n s a nd e f d r t , with rm th ir h d , with th ir He e e o e e e h orses exh au st ed lik e th em selves . th r f r d t r e O n mined on the c el ebrat ed m a rch round the l ak . the night of S ept e mb e r 24 he set out with h orse a nd foot a nd som e expert cross - bowm en and

on s of es a a n s the e on of pi ee r Br ci , t ki g ﬁr t dir cti

on a della so a n no en e e to s o , R c , th t Picci i w t th r t p him a a e a a had re a chi ng the pl a ce a t su nri se . But G tt m l t

‘ in so e o a s o and en a ea a , gone t w rd Arc Tr t , dr dful m rch m

with ut a a e of a oa in o e s e places o tr c r d . th r with v ry 5 . o o Pa a o t he o e o vo . Ant ni , du , fr m P nt C r

206 . To fa ce p.

208 T HE CON D OT TI E RI

to o se a n n n h r d foot . Picci i o and G onz a ga now had to e e and s o e at oa e a e o n r tir , t pp d S v , littl t w s e ai ns it s e ae a a s e e e a which till r t m di v l w ll , wh r th y dug

h ﬁve es on o the o n a ns t o the s ditc mil l g , fr m m u t i m a r h es of the e a nd a e a r e of oa s so a s t o ea Adig , m d b idg b t sily et s i e T h g uppl s from M antua . e fortune of wa r wa s now unfa v ourable to Piccinino a nd a fter sev era l comb a t s he wa s s in ene a s in a a e and o a ss e hut up Thi c g , Sf rz i u d a o a a on of e n a s for hi s a pr cl m ti f ri g duc t c pture . Hi s es a e i s e ate in hi s e and how he oo e ona c p r l d lif , t k V r

a ssa e e e e s oo n for . o by ult , whil th y w r till l ki g him F ur a s a e o a and a a e a a en e e n n a t d y ft r Sf rz G tt m l t t r d , ﬁ di g the P ort a V es covo s om e V e ronese on gu a rd who let ” e i n a nd n a o a o ran a o t the th m , cryi g , M rc , M rc , b u ’ Pi ccinino s so e s ene e to et a oss city . ldi r fright d , tri d g cr the rive r a nd the drawb ridge of the P ont e Nuov o brok e o n o se en and a n oo en n o the e d w with 5 h r m m y f tm i t riv r , n no had to e e n o wh ere th ey w ere drowned . Picci i r tir i t the a e ea i n a n of hi s men t o be a en sone s cit d l , l v g m y t k pri r a nd the citizens on the Veneti an side put light s in the h oo s a the o on window s over t e d rs o th t ﬁght might g , and so illumina t ed the street s th a t it wa s a s light a s

- n no a nd on a a a n os all o e mid day . Picci i G z g h vi g l t h p For s retired by the P ort a S a nt a Croce to Viga si o. thi exploit Sforz a wa s giv en duca t s a nd G att a mel a t a

w an e a a a t on o o he es e , a s gr t d f rm M t ri , which much d ir d r f a no on a r n not e n a e the prop e ty o M ri C t i i , but b i g bl to get it from him the V eronese promised him h a e of 00 a ea the s to be duca t s of gold at t e r t 5 y r , ﬁr t

at r s a s 1 s n e e e e not a e to p a id Ch i tm , 44 3 , i c th y w r bl wa r As a e o e o n t o o e a se the . p y b f r , wi g p v rty c u d by f the he died b efore the appoi nt ed tim e the coll ection o e a e the a a e was f a nd e o s , d bt , which di ﬁcult t di u b c m ff ir

T he ea se e of the n e a nd the of hi s h eirs . gr t v rity wi t r T HE CON D OTTI E RI 26 9 fa tigues and sufferings of the c a mp a ign a ffect ed hi s ea a ea ea ene a e a nd a s s o e h lth , lr dy w k d by g , light tr k e he had s o t e n of a p opl xy which h r ly b fore . H a vi g bene ﬁted from the Si enese b a th s at one time he wi sh ed to e a a n a nd i n the s n en a recom try th m g i , pri g w t with m tion o the no a to the e f enda fr m Sig ri r public o Si ena . But he did not get much good from th em thi s tim e and appea rs to h av e t a ken little a cti ve p a rt in the war a ft er the beginning of 1 440. O n e a 2 1 1 1 a o o Foscari son of the F bru ry , 44 , J c p ,

o e a e . the a e of ona o on a n D g , m rri d d ught r Li rd C t ri i , “ na n f h o e Ser e o da . a a a d or t e sa f rm rly Pi tr S B r b , id wedding a bridge of b oa t s wa s m a de a cross the Gra nd

na a to . a e e o e a sse ana o . ar C l fr m S B b S S mu l , v r which p d more th an 300 h orses with the bridegroom and hi s com an a nd the o of the ea s who e e o e in p y L rd F t , w r cl th d a o s e e s a s e s ee es e os no cr m i i v lv t with l h d l v furr d m t bly, a n he a e And en a e the d t wh ole p rty lik wi se . th c m en a on wa s a a e a of a es e Buc t ur , up which l rg p rty l di v ry nobly dressed a nd the grea t er p a rt of them in cloth of gold . And the bride wa s t ak en a nd conduct ed to the a a e e e a e ﬁne ea s wa s a e in the a a p l c , wh r v ry f t m d S l w th o n n o a . e e a s esse e e a d o an Nu v Th r M r D g , C u t Fr es o a nd a e a e n e of e e o es c c , v ry l rg umb r light d whit t rch , a n an o d m y pe ple supped in the p a la ce th at evening . O n the eleventh day C ount Francesco m a de a not abl e s n for e f n th o o o o a es a o e a a . a j u ti g, l v th t f tiv l , Pi zz S M rc , ’ and ga ve for the prize a pi ece of cra moi si centanino a e at 1 0 a s of o and e e e e 0 o s e s v lu d 4 duc t g ld , th r w r 3 j u t r n fo s o n but th ere ca m e rai which l a st ed r four hour . C u t an es o w n e a And e nn n a Fr c c a s o hors b ck . whil ru i g j ou ster struck a la nce h andle in the fa ce of Ser Vitt ore ono who wa s on a a o who e the da Tr , pl tf rm , di d third y en the o s n wa s en e a the from th a t blow . Wh j u ti g d d h lf 2 1 0 T HE CON D OTT I E RI

priz e wa s giv en to a F ri ulia n man— at - a rm s of M a rqui s

a eo a nd the o e a to a ma n— at - a s of o n T dd , th r h lf rm C u t ’ w a n es o s ho o e e se e s e e . e e e e Fr c c , b r th m lv v ry w ll Th r w r on the Pi a zz a m ore th an pe rsons to see the ’ And en on a da e esse the o e fest a . th y fix d by M r D g ’ to do ono to hi s a e s e n he a e ano e h ur d ught r w ddi g , m d th r ‘ ’ no a e o s n a nd he a e a s e a o na a of t bl j u ti g, g v priz t r t a o s e e of s e o 1 00 a s of o cr m i i v lv t full ilv r w rth duc t g ld , a n e an o T he o s a s e f d th re were m y j u sters . j u t l t d or five o s and o e a nd the e wa s en in two a s h ur m r , priz giv p rt , one to the comp any of the s aid Fra ncesco . and to th a t of a a e a a e een e a nd the o e to the G tt m l t b tw th m , th r o a n f And th sa s n c mp y o M a rqui s T a ddeo. e id j ou ti g wa s e fine a nd a s e two a s and the s o s on v ry l t d d y , h p the ground floor w ere shut to do h onour to the said ‘ ’ And in the a a e ea eas s fest a . p l c gr t f t w ere spread ‘ ’ An h out for l a dies and gentlem en. d while t e fest a wa s going on news c a m e th a t Nicolo Picci nino wa s c om e to G era ddadda a nd had sprea d the report th a t C ount w Francesco a s d ea d at V enice . Piccinino t ook a dv ant a ge of th ese festiviti es to cross the Adda a nd the Oglio a nd inv ad e the t errit ory of s a a e a a wa s no on e e eno to Bre ci a . G tt m l t l g r w ll ugh o ose for a s o e e o e the o ssa es of pp him , h rt tim b f r c mmi ri the republic ha d told him th a t if he could not fulfil hi s es he s o a e on a s a ea hi s duti h uld h v ly duc t y r, ” He ans e e na m e still st a nding for the condott a . w r d a he wa s in e a n s a s e e to on n e th t th ir h d , but k d th m c ti u the on a for the e o of the e n a e en a n c tr ct p ri d g g m t , f ili g ” he o which he praye d for a d ecent living . But if c uld not do bette r he proposed to l essen the numbe r o f l a nces n f hi s o s e a ee a for six on s a d o h u eh old . Th y gr d th t m th he s o a e a 1 or 1 8 an es e n off h uld h v full p y , 5 l c b i g cut , he wa s a nd a ft er six m onth s duc a t s a yea r . If

TH E COND OTTI E RI

a ble t o return to ca mp he sh ould h a ve a c ondott a o f h or s e a nd 400 foot with 500 duc at s of gold per s he on n a ot o se on e e e on . a m th But c ti u lly g w r , D c mb r

- 1 8 1 2 he a e the no to let e a n hi s , 44 , pr y d Sig ry him r t i o a n for a ea a nd a s for the on o a of hi s c mp y y r , c d tt e a on en e da onessa a nd hi s son Gi ova ntoni o r l ti , G til Li , who e e n e i n the ﬁrma he wa s na e to do w r i clud d , u bl a n t n o a e a nd s ck ness s o he o be c on y hi g fr m g i , w uld t ent ed with the title of gene ra l for life a nd only for H e n 2 8 a s a e on a n a the ono . e o h ur di d ly d y ft r, J u ry

1 6 1 . , 443

T he no s en on hi s ne a 2 0 a s a nd Sig ry p t fu r l 5 duc t , the o e the no a nd all the s n s e e sons D g , Sig ry di ti gui h d p r

in en e o na e and o e n e e es en . V ic , b th tiv f r ig , w r pr t a o s e o i es e e a s se on a nd i s sa V ri u ul g w r p d up him , it id th a t M a nt egna p a i nt ed the gri ef of the crowd th a t His o a was a ccomp a ni e d hi s body int o the church . p rtr it R osci da l p ainted by Gi orgi one a nd by oth er a rti st s . a

a s a sa s he ha d a a e e s on a es - o o e M c rdi y l rg p r , fr h c l ur d Hi s s a e a e e es a nd a of es n o o . f c , y h ir ch t ut c l ur t tu by

ona e o s a e ea s s out s n e the e oo s D t ll c rc ly b r thi , i c figur l k f h s s a e wa s the s a e too sm a ll or t e h ors e . Thi t tu fir t l rg e es an s a e a e in on e s n e o a n es qu tri t tu m d br z i c R m tim , i a nd o so e a s i s a fine o of a rt . s th ugh m wh t tiff, w rk It

s ne ona o di e o a o en no a nd wa s c om ig d D t B tt B rdi Fi r ti , ss one in 1 hi s son an n on o o mi i d 444 by Gi A t i , with wh m were prob a bly j oined hi s wid ow and her broth er G entil e da n s wa s n s e i n 1 the ene an o es a. Li It ﬁ i h d 4 53 , V ti

ena e a n a o se in 1 a nd os a s S t h vi g uth ri d it 447, c t duc t

— was of gold equ a l t o mod ern It ali a n lire . It a e e men o se e e ona e o a nd v lu d by ight , f ur l ct d by D t ll

o an n on o ee of o e e s o s a nd f ur by Gi A t i , thr wh m w r culpt r a e s two o s s one a a n e a nd two ens c rv r , g ld mith , p i t r , citiz

T h e e a on s an s i s a so of position. e p d st l up which it t d l 2 1 2 TH E CON D OTTI E RI

the f ona e Hi o o o. s e e o s e e hi s o w rk D t ll x cut r w r wid w ,

ent e da onessa hi s o e - in- law a nd hi s a n e o G il Li br th r , ch c ll r e e Mich ele da F oce . Th y w re to spend on hi s tomb a nd

ne a 00 a s of o or 00 a t the t He i fu r l 5 duc t g ld 7 m os . s e in th n o e of . n o a a i n a a e buri d Church S A t i P du , ch p l to the e t of the en an e now the a e of the esse l f tr c , ch p l Bl d T h S a cra m ent . e p ermi ssion to m ak e it i s d ated 1 1 yea rs a e hi s ea but the a n n s in e e not n s ed ft r d th , p i ti g it w r ﬁ i h i n o e 1 h . e e e t e o of h w Oct b r, 459 Th y w r w rk t e t o

e n s on a nana and a e a e e es o e B lli i , M t g C lz tt , but w r d tr y d i n 1 6 1 en wa s a e the a e of th es se 5 , wh it m d ch p l e Bl d a T h a en . n S cr m t e wh ol e ch a pe l c ost ducat s . O ’ the l eft i s G a tt a m ela t a s t omb and fa cing it th at of hi s son i n n e e e e h s o e . e a o a , r ct d by m th r U d r p i t d rch with v ou ssoirs of seve ra l colours i s a s a rcoph agu s with mping h on the a o e e f es . o e t e lid , up which rm ur d ﬁgy li Ab v a rch a re hi s a rm s— on a silver ground three knot s of

re T he e e ea s a sea e cat . d broc a tello. h lm t b r t d In the a rsena l at Venice i s a suit of a rm our which i s sa to a e e on e to a a e ata i s not e id h v b l g d G tt m l , but lik ’ a he ea s e e in Dona tello s s a e or in th t which w r ith r t tu , h s n s a s e e e a s t e epulchra l effigy. O e mu t s um ith r rti tic license on the p a rt of the sculpt ors or some confusion in the naming of the suit s of a rmour in the Mu seum . ” T he a s one o an o the s af of of e en b t di c m d , t f fic giv him ’ “ the ene an of a s i s now in the ea s e of the by V ti fici l , tr ur ” I a n a . t i s s d a o the of . n on o a S t , Church S A t i , P du i a he o e to the a n in a se of o en th t v w d it S i t c vict ry , wh i a e of s e a n a a ns the assa nese. s w rri g g i t B It m d ilv r, e se e a a es es on the no the end gild d , with chi ll d r b qu k b , , T he es i s a nd three b and s which surround the s tem . r t

orna m ent ed i n very low relie f with a kind of network .

o s a o ses are nse e in the no so e of F rty m ll turqu i i rt d k b , m ss n e s 2 o n es i s a o 0 are . which mi i g It w igh 7 u c , b ut 3

T HE CON DOTTI ERI 2 1 3

n es on n n the no i s a o n es i ch l g, i cludi g k b , which b ut 9 i ch , is a bout 1 inch in dia m ete r a nd the knob i s three tim es a s broa d . the a e of the o o n e the con In N a rni ch p l h ly b dy, u d r f G o ena e wa s ons fessi on of the a e a o . e C th dr l S i v l , c truct d hi s he e t 0 a s to the at hi s exp ense . By will l f 5 duc t

nn e e hi a e wa s e a nd of . o a s Church S Gi v i , wh r f th r buri d , 500 duca t s a s dowry to seven h onest a nd poor girls of

N a rni . He wa s e e en or no e of o a n o o na ith r citiz bl T di , N r i , B l g , He w e ona en e es a a nd o e a es . a s V r , V ic , Br ci th r pl c e a to the oo a e one a nd a n s to the h lib r l p r , g v m y l d Churc , a nd c onstruct ed ch ape ls and other buildings a t c onsider ” n on o a a In the anto of . a e os . bl c t S , (Church S A t i , P du ) , n he a e a n on s een on e s o e the o . g v ir cr , which c urr u d d ch ir

He had 6 en one bo a nd ﬁv Hi on e s . s s childr , y girl wa s a e Ga ttolin e a a l1ttle a ta e a a e a se c ll d M l t , G t m l t , b c u ” h w of o a n of m H e a s slim b dy d a sweet t e per . e bega n the s of a s a t a e ea a e en he wa s pur uit rm v ry rly g , wh on or 8 in a for i s no e in 1 a he had ly 7 f ct , it t d 434 th t a on o a of 0 a n es for the ene an e a nd c d tt 5 l c V ti r public , th a t in 1 447 a Veronese docum ent spea k s of him a s ” e n at the a e of e so a he o not a e b i g g pub rty , th t c uld h v n n 2 r 2 1 H w ee o e a 0 o . e a s n e hi s a e b m r th u d r f th r ,

hi s s o n o e a n o ni a nd hi s o e - i n- law w r br th r Br d li , br th r en He e G tile da Lionessa . died wh n a bout 30 yea rs old a n een s ot in the ea e e sie n a , h vi g b h h d whil b gi g a n an a s e in 1 a nd w a s no on e n w M tu c tl 45 5 , l g r livi g t o

T he a e s e e a n yea r s a fter th a t d a t e. d ught r w r m rri ed i to i i va riou s noble fa m l es . XI I I .

C O LLE N I BART OL O M M E O O .

’ THE princip a l a uth ority for the life of Colleoni i s Spino s oo i she in 1 a nd o n e on the e b k , publ d 49 5 , f u d d up lif

en C orna zzano a oe who e at writt by , p t liv d with him n M a lp aga . Hi s fa mily wa s a cient a nd b elonge d to the n n f e II no of e a o. o a o o e bility B rg m A c firm ti Fr d rick , of 1 2 2 on e es t o Sozzon de o on a nd hi s es en 4 , c c d C gli i d c d a nt s in lega l fe ud the i nform a tions of the a ppea l s of all the a ses of the of e a o and its e o a nd c u city B rg m t rrit ry , oth er docum ent s prov e th a t for 400 yea rs a fter the fa mily “ wa s not m erely noble but powerful . A cert a in T rus a rdo o one was in 1 2 0 e e e o es a of o C gli 7 l ct d P d t L di , a a ns the es e of the a nese a nd a n e e s g i t d ir Mil , m y m mb r of the h ou se h eld import ant offices during the centuries I preceding the birth of B a rtolomm eo . n 1 373 Gug lielmo C oglione v a liantly d efend ed la B a di a di P ontid a a gainst the p eople sent by B erna bo Visconti to a venge fire a nd s o the ea of hi s son o o with w rd d th Ambr gi , cut a no in the O reno to pieces by the men of Va l S . M rti p 2 1 4

2 1 6 T H E COND OTT I ER I

a ha d ee w a s a os s the o est led to the Add thr y cr it , l w n eons the e to the a son a e s w e the du g , middl g rri qu rt r , hil

- uppe r led to the ch a mber s of the l ord of the ca stle and w T he a s es o e a a no a . of the l a dies . It d tr y d by C rm g l c a s tle st a nds in a c omm anding p osition on a p ro j ecting s o n h the e n s o e n a its pur r u d whic riv r wi d , pr t cti g h lf e o s an s a nd i s e seen o the circuit by pr cipit u b k , w ll fr m high bridge by which the stea m t ra m from M onz a to B ergam o cros ses the Add a Hi s fa th er did not long en o ossess on of the c a s e for in 1 1 1 he wa s e j y p i tl , 4 kill d o o e s hi s o s ns e a n a es by f ur br th r , c u i , whil pl yi g t bl , who th en t ook p os session of it and proceeded to es er na e o nn ext ermina t e the fa mily . Th e w e m d Gi va i

Dondacci o es no a nd a o o sons of a no o , S ti P l , Gu rdi , wh m he ha d re ceiv ed wh en th ey were driven out of th eir city . “ o a nn wa s the ea e a ma n who w a s o to of Gi v i l d r , d c r w h ” law e e a ll la w to the la of t e s o . civil , but r duc d w rd O ne i s plea sed to k now th a t th ey did not enj oy the a a no a es e e fruit of their crim e ve ry long . C rm g l b i g d the a s e a nd a n a ao o o hi s a n c tl , h vi g c ught P l thr ugh m ki g a a sh s o e e e e a a o s a nd ea ene to an r rti , r ct d g ll w thr t d h g e o e e e es e not e a nd a a him b f r th ir y if th y did yi ld , w rd n h th em the sa m e fa t e a ft erw a rd s. O t e oth er h and if ’ e he o se e not on a o o s e a nd th y did , pr mi d th m ly P l lif e e own a ons e a e sum of one a nd lib rty but th ir , c id r bl m y e th s a n the fa v our of Filipp o M a ri a Vi s conti . Aft r e l yi g of Puh o C ogli one hi s wid ow wa s put in pri son for a yea r a o o eo a nd a no e son es a e by hi s butch ers . B rt l mm th r c p d som eh ow : som e say the form er wa s a t school in the T h o s n n on o a n Ber a ma sc o n a ns . e e o g m u t i th r , A t i , t ki g se e o o Benzone an of e a a nd be rvic with G i rgi , tyr t Cr m , o n a n e o s to e wa s a so e e hi s c mi g d g r u th m , l murd r d by ’ Benz ne a n a a n e one fa th er s murd erers . o h vi g dv c d m y t a o o eo in son for the e hi s o him put B rt l mm pri d bt , till ' ' f C o lleo ni . \errocc hio s St a tu e o

2 1 6 . T o fa ce p.

2 1 8 T HE CON DOTTIE RI

o a o how a nd in a w y ur v l ur, much wh t ay it s h ould b e va lu ed For from now onwa rd we deign to c all ourselves Berga masc a nd y ou Aragonese with neighb ourly ki nd A ness . nd this h and which I offer s h a ll a lw a ys be in

o f — y ur d ebt or the equ a l ch ange of blood sh ed to day by the enemy and yourself ; and by the Imm ort a l G od I promi se th a t the roy a l h ou s e of Aragon s h a ll never be less fa voura bl e eith er to y ou or with which m agnificent promises a nd with roya l gift s he comm ended to a o a nd s o t him Br cci di mi ssed him . N twi h st a nding “ hi s first c ond ott a of 20 h orse w a s given him by a o o a o a wh w s es e n o a a es for o a nna . J c p C ld r , b i gi g N pl Gi v e the a n of the in he s n s e Aft r t ki g city , which di ti gui h d se he ha d 1 o e o se a e d to hi s on o a a nd him lf , 5 m r h r dd c d tt , it i s sa id th a t hi s a rm s (the vermilion ba r b etween two e e s s s es e two on es o ne in one whit fill t , which i u lik t gu j i d from the m outh s of the h ead s of two li ons) were ’ n H Giov a n a s which she th en g a ve him t o b ea r . e bore a ea a in the a e at a in h a o wa s gr t p rt b ttl Aquil , whic Br cci ea en a nd e a e a s en a o a sen his b t , dir ctly ft rw rd , wh C ld r t o n son o a nn n on o a t of his a n o y u g , Gi v i A t i , with p r rmy i t the a he sen a o o eo to ana e M rch , t B rt l mm with him m g ev erything . T he s e e of o o na o o e the o n a n i g B l g f ll w d , t w h vi g

w a the e e e a a ns a n V. a o o eo as a s r b ll d g i t M rti , B rt l mm lw y ’ ﬁrs t to run t ow a rd s the wa ll s wh en the enemi es a rm s w so n e or en e a e o to . s a r u d d , wh th y c m f rth ﬁght Thi bei ng over he took service with C a rm a gnol a a nd the ene a ns a n a on o a of 0 o se He wa s V ti , h vi g c d tt 4 h r ’ i ndirectly connected with Ca rmagnola s di sgra ce a nd

ea s n e one of the a s on the a e of d th , i c f ct up which ch rg trea ch ery was found ed wa s hi s fa ilure to supp ort C olleoni Moccino da o a nd da C a va lcabue son o f , Lug , o no o e o of e ona who ha d a e the Ug li , f rm rly l rd Cr m , c rri d “ TH E CON DOTTI E RI 2 1 9

o a of . a es o e ona wa s R cc S Luc , 3 mil fr m Cr m (which

e n es e e a n t a a n the a ste a n b i g b i g d) by igh tt ck , killi g C ll a nd a s so a a e o n for ee a s e gu rd , th t ft r h ldi g it thr d y th y ’ rm nol were obliged to retire. C a ag a s exc use wa s th a t he fea red if he sent the a rmy th ere they w ould fall int o a n a mbu sh of the enemy . After the executi on he wa s en a o an of 80 o se e i giv c mm d h r with gr a t pra se s . Ta s s i says th at he proposed to G a tt a m el at a the t a king of the ga lleys over the hill s to la k e G a rd a (during the contest

' with Piccinino) a nd superintended the bu si ne ss with S orbolo da C a ndia ; wh en 2 5 boat s a nd 6 ga lleys were brought up the Adige a nd t a ken over the hill s by o en a t a n e ense of se ns and he led the x xp qui , n i h v a gu a rd n t e fa mou s retrea t t o Riva fro m Bresci a . O n 1 1 the o n of T en a sse a e ee April 3 , 44 , C u cil p d d cr decla ring C olleoni one of th eir pri ncip a l C ond otti eri a nd

- He wa s on e in hi necessary to their security . c ﬁrm d s e o en s and n es e t the ﬁefs of o a no o o m lum t i v t d wi h R m , C v , a nd Antegnate ; R om ano wa s form ed from a R om a n

T h a s e h s a n in rmtori an a . e e s p c mp c tl , whic till r m i tolera ble preserva ti on wa s fre quently inh a bit ed by Col ma b seen n the eon a nd the on of . a s e o l i , Li S M rk y till hou ses at the top of the Pia zza by the church of S . e o h t He e t hese o ses to the n Pi tr which e buil . l f t h u mu i i a lit in hi s T h n e wa n e in a c p y will . e i v stiture s c o ﬁrm d 1 H ha a on o a a aten a e a . e d duc l p t d t d M rch 4 , 443 c d tt ' of 300 horse and the d efence and governm ent of the city n the s e e of Ver ona wa s committed to hi s ca re . Duri g i g ofthe n no one of hi s so e s s n city by Picci i , ldi r , pur ui g with ’ a troop some of Colleoni s men wh ose sortie had bee n e se en e e h e n o the t e n en a n e r pul d , t r d wit th m i t ci y b i g t gl d in th eir ﬂight a nd a s he could not get out a ga in he went to Colleoni to e se a s a sone sa n giv him lf up pri r , yi g , e e a m a n emen who o o n ene es a m H r I , y , f ll wi g my mi 2 20 T H E C ON DOTT I E RI

in s s o . a m a sha nt ed on e o a hut up thi y ur city I , c qu r r s I a m to e o e sone of he on t e . , b c m pri r c qu red It does not a ee e e the a s of wa r nor gr ith r with l w with my v a lour . o e e en e se sone to ee n H w v r, I r d r my lf pri r th , fighti g a a o a e os on en e s lw ys with wh m I h v l t , c t t d with thi hurtful ” a e s n e a t ea s a e to o e a a a f t , i c l t I h v b y w rlik e c apt in. a o o eo ans e e N o er Dio ! ne t e o B rt l mm w r d , , p i h r y ur a er nor o o s a re o of You br v y y ur w rd w rthy c aptivity . ca m e a s a n enemy a nd y ou sh a ll k now your ene my en to N o n h o a o . o e a s ak en ou nor fri dly y ur v l ur t y , ” do so e a n ee n T h will I r m i fr a d return to your lord . e man threw him self on hi s k nees to th a nk him for hi s e a he o e to a nd a n n lib r lity, but b w d him t ki g him ki dly by the h a nd gav e him a fine sword a nd sent him b a ck to the c a mp . He left the service of Venice a nd j oined F ilippo M a ri a s on e a se en ea e wa s a e e a o Dan Vi c ti , b c u wh p c m d G h r rd o o o e o e e e of s o e of hi s so e s d l , pr vv dit r , d priv d him m ldi r , H m the a rmy b eing reduced to a p ea ce footing . e co a ne of s and e a n e a s due to pl i d thi , d m d d duc t him as a ea s of a but wa s met a a nd rr r p y , by h ughty T h o n of the n n conte mptuou s la ngu age . e c mm a d i fa try wa s en en to Diote sa lvi o who wa s the s to th giv Lup , fir t In 1 he s a rm infantry with guns a nd pi stol s. 44 3 vi ited

a n a nd wa s en e a ne hi s a a t the Mil , t rt i d with f mily public T h e o en n e to nne a nd expense . e duk ft i vit d him di r inv ested him with the C a stl e of Ad orno in the territ ory of a a a s a es en e for hi s e a onna s e to P vi r id c wif , M d Ti b , s a e 1 6 e e e s . o wh om he ga ve v a lua bl j w l Fr m thi d t till 44 , en he wa s o n n o son at on a a t the e wh thr w i t pri M z , tim

en he wa s es e n e ona he se e the e . wh b i gi g Cr m , rv d duk He wa s o e e n o the e o of a en a a nd e rd r d i t t rrit ry Pi c z , whil oss n the P0 wa s se e o o e e o a nd cr i g , iz d by Nic l Gu rri r e n he ossesse wa t ak en to the c astle . Ev rythi g which p d s

222 T HE CON DOT TI E RI

ass s n he H w t anese ee e s . e a s e a e on i ti g Mil , thr tim r c ll d e e e 2 1 en ea e wa s s ne at e S pt mb r 7, 44 9 , wh p c ig d B r sci a

e een a n a nd en e on o a a e b tw Mil V ic , up which Sf rz m d

ea e the en and e se to a t the ea p c with Fr ch , r fu d r ify tr ty , a nd th ough C olleoni and Sigi sm ond M al atest a were sent a a ns s ee e in oe n an to a e g i t him , ucc d d c rci g Mil cc pt him a s e a s r o a e a nd en e e the in duk by t ict bl ck d , t r d city n 2 1 In on of hi o a 0. e s s triumph M rch 5 , 45 ﬁght with the en nea essa n r a in e e e Fr ch , r Al d i , which th y w r e ea e a s a on e a s s o s o a ne a d f t d , qu dr k pt upp rt c mpl i d th t while all the oth er s returned l a den with h onour a nd b ooty th ey a lone had no p a rt in eith e r a nd a ccused th eir f a \Vhile he wa s e n e c apt ain o p rti a lity . qui ti g th m with the o e of so e o e a n a s a on of en h p m th r g i , qu dr Fr ch rea ppea red on the ﬁ eld from which th ey had driv en pa rt of the a a ns a nd a o o eo o n n to e It li , B rt l mm p i ti g th m , s o e o ie s a e o oo o es e s h ut d , S ld r , t k y ur b ty fr m th , thi ” n And rew a rd of v a l our a nd o f la b our b el o gs t o y ou.

s s etti ng spurs to hi s hors e he led th em aga in t the French . In s a e en e a nd e r a a ns thi b ttl Fr ch di d , th i c pt i

a o o e a n o a o o Albornate and na o Dresnai J c p C l d , J c p , Ri ld with 300 nobles w ere t a k en a nd brought to R om ano . Colleoni lost 500 or 600 men a nd hi s hor se wa s kill ed n n of the Alessa ndri a ns e e u nde r him . O e hu dred w r

e so en a e a a of e e o ens kill d , which r g d p rty th ir f ll w citiz a e oo the sone s o the so e s a e th t th y t k pri r fr m ldi r , dr gg d e to the a a a nd e e a ll ! e re a o th m Pi zz , kill d th m t , lth ugh the o e no o a e a nd a n of the ens e e g v r r f rb d it , m y citiz w r n o nea e ano he had a a ns . o o a e g i t it At B rg M r , r Vig v , b een att a ck ed by the Sforzeschi under J a copo C el a nd o n no e a es a e o a the a nd G a sp a rre V a re si o . Spi r l t r p rt th t “ c a pt a i ns with impi ou s a nd s a v a ge rit e of a most bar

a o s vow an e o wn oo o e e a n b r u , dr k th i r bl d t g th r , h vi g sw orn to drink a nd suck the blood of B a rt ol omm eo in the d a o o Ve e . i a t he a z z a . G io va a n T he Colleo n St tu e in Pi SS nni P l , nic

222 . To fa ce p .

2 24 T HE CON D OTTI E RI

ean s of r a on wa s a a s e a nd out of ten of by m ir ig ti , l id w t , hi s l a b ourers who had gone out to cut stra w seven were o n nto the a na and one had hi s e e out and thr w i c l , y cut hi s an ciit off and wa s sen s to e o a ha d h d , t thu r p rt wh t H o e . e oo a e e en ean e a a n ccurr d , t k t rribl v g c , tt cki g Bresci a a hd taking m ore th an 400 pri soners a nd ea of a In 1 he o f e . o o en e or o a h d c ttl 4 53 , t k fr m V ic Sf rz a ll the Val C a m onica a nd the count ry round B erga mo ; for o n s o a a e the a s e of Ar uate d i g thi Sf rz g v him c tl q , nea r Pi a cenz a C onst a ntinopl e wa s c aptured by the M on a 2 in s . T he s ea o e o a s V. Turk y 9 , thi y r P p , Nich l , c a lled on the princes of Ch ri stendom to cea se th eir r a e a e s a nd rn e a s a a ns the n e p iv t qu rr l tu th ir rm g i t i fid l , a nd a trea ty wa s conclud ed b etween Sforz a a nd Venice r 1 w . Colleoni no e es se a es e to be Ap il 9 , 4 54 xpr d d ir ee and o a ea n hi s o n to the eneti ans r e fr , Sf rz f ri g g i g V t i d to of the on a on of the to induce Nich ol a s V . fer him g f l n s o a onna s had een in church . Duri g thi p eri d M d Ti be b She w a s now sen t o o ano her Venice . t R m with a e s e n ea e ea n nes s the d ught r , b i g tr t d with gr t ki d by ene an a s a es who o e to et C olleoni o V ti m gi tr t , h p d g thr ugh her n en e a nd the ne o a ons e een the o n i flu c , g ti ti b tw C u cil of T en a nd the C ondottiere resulted i n hi s b eing m ad e c a pt ain- genera l of the republic with a n annu a l stip end of no sa s a he had s o e e z ecchins . Spi y th t di c v r d th a t Sforz a wa s prep a red to give up to V enice a ll the ca stl es which he owned in the c ountry round B e rga m o. On ne 2 1 he wa s esen e the ene an Ju 4 , 4 5 5 , pr t d by V ti a mb assad ors at Bresci a with a sta nd a rd and milit a ry s aff a nd wa s on e in all hi s Ber a masc ossess ons t , c firm d g p i

o o ns a e o a a n a e ea e a nd with f ur t w dd d , Sf rz h vi g m d p c

rest ored the t owns which C olleoni ha d t a k en for him . T he o fﬁci a l functi on a t V enice t ook pl a ce three yea rs o sa n oa s met at a e a a ft e r h owe ve r . A th u d b t him M lgh r , (Q a t a r

T h a of a a a o w C olleo m s a e a o . e C stle M lp g , sh ing lt r ti ns

ace 2 2 . To f p. 4

2 26 T HE CON D OTT I E RI

a e lo ns in e of ea e n e i t He wa s to h v f ri tim p c u d r , in wa r a nd he was on me in h1 s osses and , c ﬁr d p He had in hi s n of o ano o o no and nano. si o R m , C l g , Urg t n a 20 1 6 a o se and oo . O p y h r f M rch , 4 5 the D oge with the C ouncil of T en and the a ggiunta “ freed C a pt a in B art olomm eo from presenting the two ” wax a n es for hi s e and a e o e an s s c dl f ud, g v him th r l d o a he was o of a nen o a a a a na a th t l rd M rti g , M lp g , C lci t , sa a Morni co a os o and o a a s e a s the Ghi lb , , P l c , S lz , w ll ee a es s en one e o n a urten thr pl c ju t m ti d with th ir c u try , pp “ ances a nd r s on i n a so ert and ju i dicti , g vi g him l lib y a uth ority to di sp ose of th em in life or d eath a s of hi s own ” o i n h nne none pr perty suc a m a r th at sh ould hinde r him . a na a Mornico a nd sa a had een ass ne to C lci t , , Ghi lb b ig d h in 1 60 in a ent of a e o t e e . him 4 , p ym d bt fr m r public In 1 467 he h elp ed the F lorentine exiles against the e e ss on of the ena e and wa s on M dici , by p rmi i S t , it o e 2 of s ea a he an e a sa e on t Oct b r , thi y r th t gr t d f c duc wh n t o the e o e er . o se a a ssa o s E mp r r Fr d ick I I I , t mb d r to a sk him for it a s modera t or of all It a ly wh en desiring t e n a o n was en at a an a o o o r . c m i t th t c u t y It giv Vill Fr c , nea Fo a nd i s now eser e in the a es of Ber r rli, pr v d rchiv In 1 e a o. a s the o sen a a aten g m 473 , Ch rl B ld t him duc l p t a nd a e the ono ne e on e e e o e of g v him h ur , v r c f rr d b f r , a e n the a s at un en e n in hi s qu rt ri g rm Burg dy, t ri g him a a nd n the s na e of n and f mily givi g him ur m Burgu dy , sa n of God e e a o s eno to let me yi g him , I f w r gr ci u ugh see Colleoni a a n of eo e o not s a n c pt i my p pl , I w uld di d i

to b ecome a nd c a ll myself one of hi s men- at - a rm s while ” w s wa s o o e an I learnt the Itali an art of a r. Thi f ll w d by a greement by which he wa s creat ed ca pt ain a nd lieu

tenant - genera l for three years with a yea rly stipend of en e was a t wa r gold duc a t s pa id monthly . If V ic

i s as s s an e o e se he was to he wa s to proceed to t i t c , th rwi T HE COND OTTI E RI 2 27

serv e the duke with at least men- at - a rm s a nd foot soldiers a rm ed in a ccord ance with the good cu stom ” of ta and to e t t e to the e on I ly, xhibi h m duk ce a year in a e a a led to no es the ene a ns arra n b ttl rr y ; but it r ult , V ti g ing with him to withdra w and increasing hi s s ala ry by i ené of ﬂor ns . R Anj ou a l so surnam ed him of n o and a e the s me t of a te n his A j u , g v him a righ qu r ri g

He w n— a rm s . a s decl a red capta i genera l of the war n h n a a st e s a . e an of a es and g i t Turk by P ul I I , F rdi d N pl , o e a e otentate s and h s he e a e a s one of th r lli d p , t i r g rd d the st ono s f hi an es o o a sent high e h ur o s life. Fr c c Sf rz hi s two sons to a a a to s a nd sa e M lp g vi it him , lut him a ll r s th a s fa ther . Amb a ss dors c a me from a p a t with e h s . ha d of e t e offerings of sov ereigns . Piu I I fer d him n th s o a on of o ChurCh and o a s . e a e. g f l H ly , Nich l V did m an a ess of an n te him to o e n at Bi c , duch Mil , i vi d g v r th s a e of e n the a s e of e o h wa s t t , f ri g him c tl Tr zz , whic ’ o s of a n e sent o s Va l formerly hi s fa th er s . L ui Fr c L ui

' pergo a s a mba ssador to offer him a sa lary of crowns if he w ould a ccept the comm and of hi s a rmies . He e a a n the a na of non n eas n tri d g i by C rdi l Avig , i cr i g the promi sed pay to crowns with the a ddition H of a o s in an e so eat wa s his e a on. e l rd hip Fr c , gr r p ut ti ’ had n e an e e ate a t a ns o e d E ste u d r him m y c l br d c p i , Erc l , e of e ra a essan o o a o of esa o Duk F r r , Al dr Sf rz , l rd P r ,

on a o a s of Monferrat e o a nd no e B if ci , M rq ui , C cc Pi Ord lafﬁ o s of o stor e an e o of aen a , l rd F rli , A r M fr di , l rd F z ,

o ann an es o and hi s two sons o n s of an Gi v i Fr c c , , C u t Mir

o a a o de a nd hi s o e o s of a . d l , M rc Pii br th r , l rd C rpi

Deifobo o nt of An a a o a nn n on o a o a , , C u guill r , Gi v i A t i C ld r o of the a h o a the se on and a o o te l rd M rc , Sf rz c d , C rl F r a o but he a e ost hi s ee e a ons e a o br cci , v lu d m thr r l ti Gh r rd , ’ E te e a s a e and a o o Martinen hi . o so d s G p rr J c p g B r , Duk of er a a en to s t at a a a and so F r r , w t vi i him M lp g , did 2 2 8 T HE CON D OTT I E RI

s an n of en a on hi s et n o o e Chri ti , Ki g D m rk , r ur fr m R m , in 1 a e hi w s as on s a o n. It 474, w ll y d w mu st h a ve b een t en at the a es e no wa s e e e h th c mp d crib d by Spi r ct d , nt t n h n e s es a d s o a es . en t e with t , di ch , t ck d Wh Ki g a oa e a to o eo a e to ee o n e on ppr ch d B r l mm c m m t him , m u t d a a e war o se o o e e for war a s was l rg h r th r ughly quipp d , Colleoni se a e e a ene a e e t hi s him lf, fully rm d lik g r l , xc p ea two s es o o n who a e hi s e me h d, quir f ll wi g him , c rri d h l t a nd an e a nd at a s o t n e a hi s o e an of 600 l c , h r i t rv l wh l b d horse in b a ttl e a rray with hi s C ond ottieri and c apta ins of s a ons a ll in the o e of e a e and os no qu dr , ﬂ w r th ir g , m t bly a e a nd o n e anne s n to the a of rm d m u t d, with b r ﬂyi g br y e s a s he e e ea ea n e to a t e a trump t , if w r r lly l di g th m b t l , ” T h sight truly proud and m a rv ell ou s . e frescoes on the a s of the as e ns e and out e s s w ll c tl , i id , d pict thi vi it , but c ould not h a ve been p a int ed except from record s if they a re o an no t o o e are a s e s n e he by R m i , wh m th y crib d , i c wa s not o n ten ea s a e e a re o a b r till y r l t r , but th y pr b bly by e e e o ss one the one of hi s pupil s . Th y w r c mmi i d by

C ount s Martinengho C olleoni . Colleoni i s described a s h aving b een vigorou s

‘ in o and of a on e a and b dy, truly w d rful gility d exterity which he preserved until extrem e old ’ n o n i r io s e he o out a e . e n B acc s e g Wh y u g , rvic , c uld run the s test of hi s n an a in hi s oa of a wif i f try , cl d c t m il , a nd Gi a como Filippo F oresti say s th at he could not only

ea men in the a e a so o ses ! He was a e b t r c , but l h r r th r

a a n a a e es e e ene a n d rk th f ir , with bl ck y which w r p tr ti g Hi s o n ena n e s o e a e no and a cute . c u t c h w d viril bility Hi wa s c ombined with prudence a nd kindliness . s ﬁgure H 3 e o o one and hi s a a e o a nd e e . w ll pr p rti d , c rri g l fty r ct

H wa s not en to s n oo s u d to swea r. e se giv tudyi g b k , but w f n e en on e sa on a nd oo ea a s fond o i t llig t c v r ti , t k gr t m n pl ea sure in h earing the opini ons ofphilosoph ers a nd e

TH E CON D OTTI ERI 2 29

of s en e o he e a the se e s of na e ci c , th ugh h ld th t cr t tur could ne e be a s e a ne e a n man 1 est ed v r c rt i d with c rt i ty by , but w the ea o of the n se He a a ith Cr t r U iver . lw ys h eld hi s own in ese s ss ons a nd hi s ea - s e th di cu i , by cl r ight d judg ment oft en threw light on qu esti ons which puzzle d m ore H t h lea rned brains . e liked o h ave t e portr a it s of p rinces and ca pt a ins who were hi s enemi es in hi s h ou s e if th ey n e Hi w were di sti gui sh d soldi e rs . s life a s religiou s T h a ccording to the st a nda rd of the tim es . e only man wh om he exe cuted in tim e of pea ce wa s a ch a ncellor of hi s a e Ambi rvo i o a a nese who was e , c ll d g , Mil , hir d by a ea o a a t o o son him a nd wa s n at G l zz M ri p i , rightfully hu g H s i i n e e a R o ano . e wa s e in h s a s a d e m impl h b t , t mp r t in o n n h n n n o orna z o a d s ee s t e su . o C f d l p , ri i g with A t i z ano sa ys he oft en a ccomp a ni ed him on a six mile w a lk f f n m or the s a e o e e se a nd he ea e out o e en. k x rci , w ri d y u g r Hi s o wa s o e a es o i n s i c urt cr wd d with p g , br ught up tr ct i e a s e nne he o s en a mora l ty . Aft r impl di r w uld p d h lf an o i n on e sa on e o n n the e o s of hi s h ur c v r ti , r c u ti g xpl it o a n s in hi s na i e a e y uth , t lki g with implicity t v di l ct , but i Hi s w a onna with a dignity b eﬁtting h s age . wife a s M d i i He e one Ti sbe of the Mart nengh of Bresci a . l ft a e her a e ne who wa s a e to a s a e d ught r by , C th ri , m rri d G p rr ’ i a h e e e hi s e s o M artinengo . I t s sa id th t e r c iv d wif d wry one da a nd i e a e en to ee of hi s so e s y mm di t ly l t it thr ldi r , Hi s two who went over to the enemy the sa me da y . e i a e a e s s na a nd so a e e a e ill g tim t d ught r , Ur i I tt , w r m rri d to the oth er two Ma rtinenghi who were hi s fa vourit e

C ondottieri . T h n o o n hi s He e o e e 1 . e di d N v mb r 3 , 475 ight f ll wi g o e w o e a n a e on a s a s o ne to . a a a d c rp b r S M ri M ggi r , pl c d a o ne a a a e e o e the a a e e richly d r d c t f lqu b f r lt r, wh r it e a ne for ee a s s o n e o es the r m i d thr d y urr u d d by t rch , but

ne a e e n a t a e a e an a fu r l c r mo i l did no t k pl c till J u ry 4 , 230 T HE CON D OT TI E RI

A h 1 476 . s soon a s t e Venetian Signory h e a rd of hi s illness they sent two sena t ors to him who a ttended him i hi s till h s d ea th . By will he left ducats of gold to the ene an e for the r ose of ose t n V ti r public , pu p pr cu i g the wara ainst the s a nd a so e e all g Turk , l r mitt d a rrears of a o n to a s e a s n to it p y wi g him , w ll givi g duca t s o n to o the a s of T wi g him fr m M rqui F erra ra . he ﬁr s t a e of the nor wa s a o e a nst n c r Sig y , with truly c mm rci l i i ct , to m ak e sure of the lega cies by nomina ting three o so in a a a to sen the one to pr vvi ri M lp g d m y Venice . T he a m ount found fa r exceeded the sum s left to the m ’ and t ee ee s a e Colleoni s eat by will , hr w k ft r d h

duca t s had b een dep osit e d in the coffers of the St a te . e e e a e in a n on est to be e in a se et Th y w r pl c d ir ch , k pt cr wa and secure pla ce where the trea sure of S . M ark s s tored ; were to be reserved for the war against the s or so e o e ea ne ess of a e the Turk , m th r gr t c ity St t , T h oth er k ept for the p aym ent of legaci es . e m oney was desp a tched in seale d b ags consigned to the o n of T en on a n n a o t ats ea in C u cil , c t i i g b u duc ch the o ns of a r o s n s en e n a o en e c i v i u mi t , V ic , Hu g ry, Fl r c , o he ha een onso of a es and o e s . d Alf N pl , th r Th ugh b so generous the Signory thus took duca t s more ” an e e e en e to and so o e the e a th th y w r titl d , r bb d Pi t , e a so e ee a his hi s ch a rit able i nstitution. Th y l d cr d th t ﬁefs o ano a nen o o o no a na a sa a , R m , M rti g , C l g , C lci t , Ghi lb , Morni co a nd a os o had een en abso , P l c , which b giv him

lutel a s a ent for e s s o e n to the o e. y , p ym d bt , h uld r tur P p His e s e e on e C a verna o and a a a the h ir w r ly l ft g M lp g , cana l s of irrigati on a nd the l and s i n B resci a which were He e e at a ll the o s hi s priv a t e prop erty . dir ct d th cr p which

i hi s a ns e e the o n at a a a s o be we re n b r , xc pt c r M lp g , h uld to the oo a nd a s a ss sa s Hi s ene e given p r, T i y , will b ﬁt d

a n a nd as a as s n ofthe ea ness of hi s n e en m y, l t ig gr t mi d , v

2 3 2 T HE CON D OTTI E RI

’ h n n oo has e o s s at e at a a . T e t ll t u P du di i g r m , which

o e oo s a ﬁne e a e e een two n o s on d ubl d r , ﬁr pl c b tw wi d w i th e n a a e e n i a f . e s a d s o 6ft . 1 8 t w t v ult d c il g, b ut 3 by It i s e o a e es oes G od the a e ess n in d c r t d with fr c , F th r bl i g, the en e of the e in a os es a nd ea s of a o s c tr c il g, p tl h d v ri u e e s of the C olleoni a and s u e ts on the m mb r f mily, bj c a s e a e s a s r s an es the n w ll much d f c d uch Ch i ti Virtu , Virgi i r a n n o and a o ea s . Gl y, rm ri l b ri g T he C a ppell a Colleoni in which he i s buried wa s the a r a a i o e h sa s of . e oo and e cri ty S M i M gg r , which t k h ld by force wh en the C onsiglio dell a Mi sericordi a refu se d T he a e a nd s o w s n n it to him . rchit ct culpt r a Gi a A t oni o o eo ose o ma a so be seen at the e osa Om d , wh w rk y l C rt , T he os wa s o en fl ns a n it a a . o d oo P vi c t g ld ri , t k i 1 0 t 1 6 T h s x ea s to o o . e e es a n y r build , fr m 47 47 qu tri s t a tu e of gilt w ood on the upper p a rt of the monum ent wa s v oted to him by the t own and wa s m ad e by Sy rin

f e e i n 1 0 1 . o e sa s o e e a o Nur mb rg, 5 M r lli y , h w v r, th t it

wa s a e s o a nd eona o e ans a nd wa s m d by Si t L rd , G rm , no e e ee the an a 1 1 . o a d cr d by city, J u ry 7, 49 3 A th r p rtr it i s in a o n e a o e the oo of en an e a nd the r u d l b v d r tr c , fresc oes by Tiepolo on the v ault look quite fresh a nd O n the a to the e i s the on en a lm os t m ode rn. w ll l ft m um t

t hi a e e ea the of hi s old a e who wa s o s d ught r M d , child g , i s the o n en he wa s 60 and e in 1 0. a so b r wh , di d 47 It l n wa s a e e e in 1 8 2 a n w ork of Om od eo a d pl c d h r 4 , h vi g b een brought from the D ominican church of B a sella (which d a ted from rep a ired and enl arged by olleoni who a so a e to the ona s e and a e C , l dd d m t ry pl c d n e ano e a o. a D ominic ans in it from S . St f B rg m At M rti w es on en s a a e engo he founded t o church with c v t tt ch d , f r an s the a s e a e to . a a o one insid e w ll , d dic t d S C hi r , Fr ci

a n n ns and the o e o s e e a e to the n c u , th r ut id , d dic t d Virgi ’ s a nd a e l Incoronata for a n s an o se a n s . c ll d . Fr ci c b rv ti t B o o f Colleo ni i n a e a o . T mb , his Ch p l , erg m

6 2 2 . To fa ce 1 . 3

234 T HE CON D OTTI E RI

It consi sts of a centra l s qua re building with towers a t ea h o ne o n a o rt a a nd was a oa e o c c r r r u d c u y rd, ppr ch d fr m o no h and so th a a e one of h s b th rt u by dr wbridg , whic till T he a es of the a t e en s f th t a n rem a ins . tr c b t l m t o e cur i w a ll show in the w a ll s of the enla rgement s which were a e C olleoni o the oo s i n m d by , th ugh r m which he enter tai ned C hris ti an of D enm a rk h av e suffered a good d ea l o the e o at on of the 1 ent r due to hi s su fr m d c r i 7th c u y, c T he cessors . window of the room in which he di ed i s on the e oo : it i s o n ea e a e a nd a e upp r ﬂ r r u d h d d , gr t d b rr d h on e o the s i s a t e e o e f wit ir , b l w ill lit l tr f il d a rc ade o ne n a t T h Ve tia p t ern. e room s are now used for storing

a o e a nd the a o e s e in a ea o a f rm pr duc , l b ur r liv gr t c urty rd T which surround s the wh ole castle . he bi ographi es say th at he surrounded S olz a with w a ll s a nd freed the in N o e n o h a bit ant s from every t ax. r m a i s f th es e w a lls can now b At T res ri ten es e seen. co o o e a o he , mil fr m B rg m ,

re - di scove red a nd restore d the sulphu r bath s and built He a e a e hospit al s for lep ers . m d qu duct s and wa t er ch annel s for the use of mills and for irriga tion at e a o a nd at a a nea o ano a nd wa s on s a e B rg m , F r r R m , ly t y d by death from m a king a ship ca na l from the Bremb o to the the e e n and a nn n out a n een city, l v lli g pl i g h vi g b o e e a nd e . He u t a e o e s c mpl t d b il bridg v r thi riv r, by ee a e s 1 60 e e e e ss on to e a d d d t d Augu t 3 , 4 , r c iv d p rmi i x ct a t oll of one sold o for ea ch foot p a ssenger and d ouble

th at sum for each horse. T he Veneti an a ccount of hi s will cl a im s th a t wh en cer the no wa s es a e a ee t ain lega cies w ere p a id Sig ry r idu ry l g t , on condition of th eir ra i sing a st a tue to him in the Pi azz a

e e sa s e e e a s con a o . a S . M rc By juggl th y ti ﬁ d th ir l tic sciences a nd put up the exi sting st a tue in front of the

a and o one a nno a e e l . o Séuo a di S M rc , th ugh c t dmir th ir m ne m ora lity one may be v ery th ankful th at the o y T HE CON D OTTI E RI 2 3 5 tempted th em to put up wh at i s one of the ﬁnest e ques e tri an st a tues i n the world . V rrocchi o the Florentine wa s o ss one to o e and ha d a s his a s s s a n c mmi i d pr duc it , i t t essan o eo a a man of a ost a s ea a en Al dr L p rdi , lm gr t t l t , t who m a d e the ﬁne b a ses to the m a s s in the Pi a zz a S . a o and to o the es n a nd e e u ion of the M rc , wh m d ig x c t e es a of the s a e are en e due a es n for h p d t l t tu tir ly , d ig whic m any a rchitect s have ' shown th eir a dmiration by copying i e o o a re e h the nor o e so e t . V rr cchi qu r ll d wit Sig y v r m ’ ea nness e the sta e was in an cut off the o se s m whil tu h d, h r

‘ n e e was ea and ent a a to o en e . e a h d, w w y Fl r c Wh p c a e and he ent a to o e e his o he e m d w b ck c mpl t w rk , di d , T he nine yea rs a fter the commission wa s gi ven him . s a e wa s e a o n to Sanuto and was um t tu gild d, cc rdi g no one o n n o e e a 2 1 1 6 . s a s a c v r d M rch , 49 Spi y th t m r i g it wa s found with a sa ck on it s s h oulder a nd broom in it s ’ a n a sa e on the ea a n s a a or e a s one h d , tir gr t m r p city , p rh p s hould say hi s excellent h ea d for business ! S I G I S MON D PAN D OL F O MALATE STA .

SI G ISMO N D PAN DOLFO MALAT ESTA was the natura l son ‘ of P andolfo M a la t est a and A ntoni a di Gia comino da Bari nan n w n t i n 1 Hi s a o a d a s o a es a 1 . e g , b r Br ci 4 7 f th r ed in 1 2 a nd he wa s en a en to n a nd di 4 7, th t k Rimi i , o hi s n e a o a a es a a nd hi s e br ught up by u cl C rl M l t t , wif T wo ea s a e en he wa s a e of on a a . Eliz b th G z g y r ft r , wh e e ea s old a o e and the but tw lv y r , C rl di d , Church endea v oured to p osses s it self of the territory which he had e o e a s a of the o ea a e n the rul d v r vic r H ly S t , ll gi g ’ non- p aym ent of the vic a r s dues by C a rlo for severa l

ea s a nd the e a of s on a nd hi s e e y r , ill gitim cy Sigi m d ld r T o n o es e o e a eo o a s easons . he s br th r G l tt r t w pr t t d , a nd e a eo o s in his o se a e God to whil G l tt , hut up h u , pr y d e e o ese e s s on osse the e d liv r him fr m th vil , Sigi m d cr d riv r 2 36

2 38 T HE CON D OT TI E RI the e o of er an a sse t o n on E mp r r G m y, p d hr ugh Rimi i 1 n hi w e te e o s a o o e . He was S p mb r 3 , 433 , y fr m R m a o a n e the e of a a a and a s o of cc mp i d by Duk B v ri , M r ili ” a a n r no o e a a a th hi r a a d . e C e esia C rr r , B u r d ll Sc l All n ent in o es s o to eet at . o en o and a e w pr c i m him S G d z , ft r a n o ra tion the lord s offered him the k eys of the city he o eo s et ne and a e hi s en n er which c urt u ly r ur d , m d try u d a r ano a i e the s o o ann a ate ich c py c rr d by Bi h p , Gi v i M l st a of o i ano o nt o o a a es a of a o o S gl , C u Nic l M l t t G hi ggiu l , a n n n e d eight oth er imp ortant ge tlem e . Th re w ere three r a a es et een the ates and the a a e and t iumph l rch b w g p l c , s on the s treets we re hung with rich t ap estri es . Sigi m d a nd the e s o n e at the a a e of the a atesta duk di m u t d p l c M l , and a an et a nd e e an n e e e at b qu f t with d ci g w r h ld , which a ll the gentlem en a nd la dies h eld it an h onour to appear . Sigi smond knighted the two broth ers Sigi smond and

“ “ ” D om enico M a l at est a (known a s N ovello ) the s a m e da a nd a s se o the a o an e the y , p d thr ugh city cc mp i d by w n T h n t da a n ea a ss a t t o o o s. e e y u g l rd x y , h vi g h rd m a no he wa s a o an e to the o e s of the S . Giuli , cc mp i d b rd r state a a es a o e o hi s o s ns and ot e s hi s by M l t t N v ll , c u i h r ,

own escort being soldier s . s on a a es a was a e at e a a in Sigi m d M l t t m rri d F rr r , T he e es en at n on e a a n a 1 . J u ry , 434 f t giv Rimi i , F bru ry

in ono of the e en e e a an e . 7, h ur v t w r rr g d by him A o n a e was e e e in the a a a nd was w ode cit d l r ct d pi zz , F e a s all s o s a a e e en e and a en. or t e tt ck d , d f d d , t k hr d y h p e e s and a a of the o ess ans o e nto a w r hut , p rt f rtr tr f rm d i m ark et provid ed provi si ons gratuit ou sly for the people : th ne o n o e e a n ne and eat . e s gr i , wi , m All ighb uri g l rd w r n e o a enna to no e en the a a es a of i vit d fr m R v Urbi , v M l t t

esa o a o and hi s e o a olonna who e e P r , C rl wif Vitt ri C , w r

“ to o e en s . enemies a sh ort tim e b efore. P p Eug iu IV , o e hi s a o on e e e a to its pr v f v ur, c c d d C rvi him with rich TH E COND OTTIE RI 2 39 sa t o s s n to a e o a n of th l w rk , wi hi g him t k c mm d e troop s of the and the ont a t wa s s ne Ma 1 8 1 Church , c r c ig d y , 43 5 , s on en onl 1 but was to be ene e in the Sigi m d b i g y 9 , r w d ’ T h t e— following yea r. e erm s w er a six m onths enga ge ent hi s e sona oo to ons st f 200 n o a es. m , p r l tr p c i l c E a ch i man wa s to a e a oo ho se a he e east a e a nd h v g d r , lm t , br pl t , a ss and e t e an e or a a est a o n to e cuir , i h r l c rb l cc rdi g th ir dexterity in the use of either ; their p a ges were to h ave a o ses or the t e o s f T e p ck h r li tl h r es o R om a gna . n d a ys ’ a fter receiving the first m onth s pay th ey were t o be p re ” sente o the on nat ri he d t c seg o for inspecti on. If st ayed in hi s own st ates ordid not go fa rth er awa y th an ’ a d ay s m a rch (20 miles) he wa s to h ave 4 fl orins for fl rin ea h an e i . e. 00 o s a on and for c l c , , 9 m th , h i h en im self 1 00 flor ns a m onth . If e w t a w ay from the state h a lf as much aga in a nd lodging provided . He s o e to t s at o en e e o e the o e a nd w r hi Fl r c b f r P p ,

en i in h n 1 H w n e e t t e e t ea 6. e a s e an r w d x y r, 43 u d r Fr

es o o a o the o e s rs e a nd sen a c c Sf rz , wh m P p di t u t d t wa certa in B a ld a ssa re da O fﬁda to repl a ce . Sigi smond s

a nd sent o a ne s of an a an e en with him , Sf rz w rr g m t by which O ffida and N i cole Piccinino were to fa ll on him. Sforz a a l so intercepted l etters which proved the trea ch ery i s on and th erefore atta ck ed O ffida in h s ca mp . Sigi m d ’ a ea e r tene the o n s ena es and e pp r d f igh d by C u t m c , dr w a a o the ht so O ffida fl e to r o a s e ate in w y fr m fig , d Bud i r l d n now a e a the life of Francesco Sforz a . Sigi sm o d m d

on a t th en e 22 1 e a se the o e c tr c wi V ic , July , 437, b c u P p

not e e a n a an on e a a n s a s . did r quir rmy y l g r , B tt gli i y a nd h elp ed in the defeating of the Duk e of Mila n a t “ e o t 2 1 It w s a n e on e e e 0 . a o R ggi , S p mb r , 437 w d rful n a to a o t of o n 20 ea s the s thi g th t him , y u h ly y r , ﬁr t

“ ono of a da a a e and the a se of a n h ur th t y tt ch d , pr i h vi g 240 T HE CON D OT TI E RI sh own him self v a li ant a nd bra ve m ore th an a ny other ea l der.

In 1 8 he e o n the old o t e ss th 43 thr w d w f r r , e G attolo f o . o o a a nd e een a e and 1 S C l mb , b tw th t tim 44 6 built the o a a a es a na e a e as the nes R cc M l t ti , r g rd d fi t fort ress i n He wa an e a at the e . s e ent a en nee It ly tim xc ll milit ry gi r , and en e en n a sa o the s for the wh d f di g R gu fr m Turk , ene ans a e e a nd o e the or a ons and V ti , lt r d impr v d f tific ti , in 1 6 en o an n at o es he st en t ene 4 4 wh c mm di g Rh d , r g h d ose of a s an and a a e e t o a t l er so th th t i l d , d pt d th m r i l y, th a t the scientific a rr a ngem ent of hi s own ca stle did not n n n T he st a d a lo e a m o g hi s milit ary architecture . ns on a o e the oo of en r n se on a e i cripti b v d r t y, i ci d whit a e s a and a o an e hi s ar s r ns t s m rbl l b cc mp i d by m , u hu

A A E N . LE I I MUN DU P N DULPHUS L S PA . S G S S MA T TA . F MO M . HUN C AR IMIN E N S IUM D E CUS NO VAH A FUN DAME N T IS E R E X IT C O N ST R UX IT Q UE S UO NOM IN E S IG ISMUN DUM

APPE LLAR I CE N S UIT .

MCCCCX LVI.

sa s the o was o en e Ma 20 G a sp are Broglio y w rk c mm c d y , i n 1 26 the e e o en e nte wa s o n o n the 1 437 8 xt ri r c i thr w d w ,

- T h e a nd the a e a en a a . e ditch ﬁll d up , dr w bridg t k w y t th n e wa s a so o n o n and an grea t t ower a e a gl l thr w d w , T he n i s now a morph ou s erection repl a ced it . buildi g Hi s e ne a a e to a son u sed a s a pri son. wif Gi vr g v birth

n e e 0 1 who e o e e 1 1 8. o S ept mb r 3 , 437, di d N v mb r 7, 43 e e e e 8 1 0 and he was sus e te She h erself di d S pt mb r , 44 , p c d one of the f on n her in a s . a e o p oi s i g , f ct Piu II m d it

She was on 22 ea s old. ch a rges aga inst him . ly y r In 1 439 he had a condott a of 600 under Francesco o a a nd wa s n i n o a the o e of the Sf rz , ﬁghti g L mb rdy wh l e n n o a s the end of the ea to ose summ er , r tur i g t w rd y r pr cut e hi s unending feud with F red erick of M ontefeltro.

w s se n the e his o e In 1 44 0 he a rvi g church , whil br th r

T HE COND OTTI ERI 24 1

o e o wa s n no a n a an e en w N v ll with Picci i , rr g m t hich it wa s th ought wa s m a d e with the obj ect of m a ki ng th eir os ses s ons sa e e e w H p i f which v r side on. e th ought to strengt h en hi s ties with Fr ancesco Sforz a wh en he wa s e to e o e e of a n a n hi s na a lik ly b c m Duk Mil , by m rryi g tur l

a e o ena and a so o e for hi s a ss s an e i d ught r P ly x , l h p d i t c n n n e T h in 1 a sa o. e a a oo a e 1 a nd g i i g P r m rri ge t k pl c 44 , he s a e at e ona o e e e 1 1 nea the t y d Cr m fr m D c mb r, 44 , till r H i o end of a 1 2 . e o h s e o e t M rch , 44 br ught wif h m

n on 2 and the s ee s o the o a Rimi i April 9 , tr t fr m P rt Rom ana to the p a l a ce w ere covered with fine woollen o s a nd o a s a nd e a s n s a a n ed for the two cl th , h lid y f ti g rr g a n d ys followi g . T he first day th ere w ere very fine triumph s i n the pa l a ce for the l a di es a nd citizens to en o a nd a e a fine and o o s an e s on j y, ft r c pi u b qu t Sigi m d n e e o ann r no hi s s se e a k ight d Pi r Gi v i B ug li , fir t cr t ry , n a fine oa of o o a e s r s n s a d o . givi g him c t g ld br c d , pu w rd

He a l so ga ve him the est a t e of Ca stelleale . O n the w i ann da second th ere a s j ou sting i n the F orum . G ov i ’ a a se a n of i s on s a ne the e h Riv , rv t Sig m d , g i d priz , whic w Ma 1 o n an es o a s a e e of e e e . O n pi c blu v lv t y 3 , C u t Fr c c a th hi s e a n a a e to n . He s e e with wif Bi c , c m Rimi i di pl y d s an a s of the the o e a nd the enetians a nd t d rd church , P p V , had ee o e s not n o e ma e eo e n thr th r u f ld d, which d p pl thi k w Hi s e was a ccom he a s prep a red for ch anges . wif p a ni ed by tw elv e gi rls cl oth ed i n a green uniform a nd She wa s e e e m ount ed on white a mbling p a lfrey s . r c iv d at the gat es with a whit e ca nopy and the street s a long which she wa s to p a ss were covered with whit e cloth .

T he da o o e w a s of s ea s n a nd y which f ll w d full mu ic , f ti g ” an n a nd on the 1 s on a nd o ena d ci g, 5th , Sigi m d P lyx a o a n e e to the a s e of a a a o cc mp i d th m C tl Gr d r , fr m which e en n he th y w t o t ir way a fte r brea kfa st . In the ea rly

a s of a n a 1 a son wa s o n to o ena and d y J u ry 443 , b r P lyx . O o' 2 4 2 T HE CON DOT T I E RI

in 1 s on and a n es o e out o o e i n 444 Sigi m d Fr c c f ll , f ll w d the next yea r by hi s t aking a n enga gem ent a s capt ain genera l for the P op e and the Duk e of Mil an a s a ga inst the o e s o a and the n of a e s the st br th r Sf rz Ki g N pl , ﬁr es t of wa s oss t o o n to o a n r ul which l him , wi g Sf rz i v ading hi s te r o e e of r it ry with Fr d rick M ont efeltro. He went to Rom e (wh ere he wa s received with great h onour a nd given a ra pier and a h elmet blesse d by the P ope) a nd n to Milan to co cert m ea sures . As a result the P ope exc ommunica t e d Sforz a and all hi s adherent s on April

1 1 6 nam n e e of ino essa n o 4 , 44 , i g Fr d rick Urb , Al dr o a an a ea a a es d o a . Sf rz , G l zz M l t t ’ In thi s year he wa s a tta cking Frederick s d ominions e e a nd e e at the ea of he s a s h r th r h d t eccle i tica l a rmy . In o e the e a e sen the oo s to a te s and Oct b r l g t t tr p qu r r , h f a a o Sforz a a tt a cked t e ca stle o G r d ra n Oct ober 1 0. s on e en e se hi s est so e s Sigi m d d f d d it him lf with b ldi r . w 2 s on a nd the siege a s ra i sed on N ov emb er 7. Sigi m d now en off to an o a a s on a n w t Mil , Filipp M ri Vi c ti h vi g o ose to to be ene a of hi s eo e and he pr p d him g r l p pl , a ccept ed the offer a nd went b a ck to Rimini with only 50 men to h a st en the c onclu sion of the agreem ent be n e i o of en the e a nd o a . s o e a twe duk Sf rz A t rr M fr d , l rd

ss e e ne to a e sone a nd en out Ru i , d t rmi d t k him pri r, w t a t the h ea d of a l a rge troop to int ercept him . But Sigi sm ond su sp ecting him of wi shing to h a rm him sent on o men in a an e en the est in a o and ly f ur dv c , th r gr up , T h ﬁnally c a me him self with only two comp ani ons . e noise of atta ck w a rned Sigi s m ond th at all the p asses w ould be guard ed a nd he t ook refuge in a m a rsh and a wood close to it di smounting a nd t a king off all fi s h ea vy a o he e a a on ee n on a few o es rm ur thr w it w y, ly k pi g cl th a nd es a e o th a w c p d thr ugh e m rsh a s the only ay p ossibl e . A storre ﬁ nding he wa s not a mong the soldi ers had out

244 T HE COND OTTI E RI so d azzl ed him th at he forgot hi s u su a l c a ution and o se e a e s e H pr mi d th m wh t th y wi h d . e had had a s a to but he sen en o s t duc t p id him , t v y o N a ples to say th a t if Alfonso wi sh e d him to refu se the Fl orentine of e s he s a the o e su i onso f r mu t p y wh l m n a dvance . Alf ns ea of a ns er n r sone the en o s so s i t d w i g, imp i d v y , Sigi m ond summ oned a council t o consider the m a tter since the m oney a lrea dy rec eived was not enough to provide the soldiers he w ant ed and t o p ay for the three month s T h n h alrea dy end ed . e decidi g v oice in t e council wa s at of o ert o Va lturi o to o the es n of the th R b , wh m d ig a s e ha s een a s e who s a a the one re c tl b crib d, id th t m y cei ved wa s a ea s en in the se e of the n and lr dy p t rvic ki g, from hi s not ob serving the trea ty it be ca m e necessa ry to o e o e se e e o e it s o be e a ne and pr vid th rwi , th r f r h uld r t i d trea ted a s h onest ga ins ! T he a cti on wa s much bl a m ed o o a and wa s one of the n s thr ugh ut It ly, thi g which e He oo se e im ultim a t ely br ought him t o gri f . t k rvic ‘" m edi a t ely with F lorence with horsef a nd a t ruce

w e e een a nd hi s c o- ene a e e as a rrang d b tw him g r l , Fr d rick ’ of Urbino ; and a fte r Mich el e Attendolo s loss of hi s

a in the a s es e o e a a a o he oo c om rmy m r h b f r C r v ggi , t k

m and of the Veneti an troop s by orde r of the Florenti nes . I 1 the new as e wa s a a e and in s ea n 44 7 c tl h bit bl , thi y r s on in the of he founded the ch ap el of S . Sigi m d church O n e a 1 2 1 8 he a n es o a t n . S . Fr c c Rimi i F bru ry , 44 , n e n on o e the o e of so a k ight d A t i d gli Atti , br th r I tt , him self giving him the accol ad e a nd a dmini st ering the oa th He a e the o so a s to do her grea t er h onour. g v him B rghi of R a zano ee esses of o of o ee o e s , thr dr cl th g ld , thr th r of sflk ee e es of e e a a s n and e e a nd so e , thr pi c v lv t , b i w r m

Y ri a rte s a s l oo ho rs e a nd 00 o o a nd a s t e nd o f y , 4 4 f t , i p

ﬂ o ri ns a e a r a d mo n h . y , p i t ly T HE COND OTTI E RI 245 cups and sa ucer s of silver ; and hi s s i st er ga ve him a cup of s e 200 t f ilv r with duca s o gold . In 1 44 9 he wa s lea ding the Veneti an a rmy with ho se and oo s a n out on a n a 2 t r f t , t rti g J u ry o h to

es e e e a e e he e o n the o ses i n the b i g Cr m , wh r pull d d w h u s s to a e s for hi s so e s s n e the a a n uburb m k hut ldi r , i c c mp ig had o en e o ea i th T h w c mm c d s rly n e season. e t o Pic n n o e e e e sent to e e e a te two on s ci i i, h w v r, w r r li v it f r m th , h h h a n . wa and e ad t o retire into t e Val S . M rti o Thi s s the e en an es o o a was a n n an and tim wh Fr c c Sf rz g i i g Mil , th ey say th a t Sigi sm ond wa s a fra id to com e to blow s lest being tak en pri soner he sh ould h a ve to p ay for the e ent ea h of en In t r r c d t P olyx a Sforz a . he cou se of 1 450 he e the enet ans and s o a te en to a ano l ft V i h rtly f r w t F bri , h d one to a o th e o a s . a e a e and whith r Nich l V g v id pl gu , wa s received a s a d evoted ca pt a in of the Holy S ea t . He was a gain conﬁrm ed i n hi s Vica ri at e and Sinigagli a ” and a numbe r of C a st ell a a dded to the dom a in he a nd hi s o e e and the s a e the ann a br th r rul d , by m bull u l t ax which had been ﬂorins of gold wa s lowered to s n e he ha d a e a fo ns and i e i c l t ly p id l ri , d r ctly o 1 1 a fter his two na tura l sons were legitimiz ed . Fr m 4 5 to 1 454 he fought a guerill a camp aign for Florence ’ a a ns onso s men n e e nan e of a a g i t Alf u d r F rdi d, Duk C l

a who had a o e o e a a o n bri , much m r p w rful rmy ; ll wi g c a stles to be t a k en but h a ra ss ing th em so much th at In 1 a new a an e en their succe sses w ere sterile . 453 rr g m t wa s m ade with him th ey w ere a fraid th at wh en he ha d h n he o o e to the o e s e received t e m o ey w ould g v r th r id , h a d 1 o ns a nd e ea in 1 a s so t ey p i him fl ri 4 lir ch 4 d y , a nd th en he wa s to h a ve pay ea ch m onth up to ﬂ rin for the e He wa s o a e the sa e he o s t rm . t h v m if o a a nst the o nt of no and the o ne f ught g i C u Urbi , C mmu of Florence and the Duk e of Milan were to defend his 246 T HE CON DOTTI E RI

He h an s . ad an e a a e ess an o or a l d qu l gr d with Al dr Sf z , was n e i he e ne t e but u d r him t ll r tur d o L omb ardy . Aft r the p ea ce - of L odi the King of Ara gon prop osed t o

i s on t o be hi s a a n- ene al hi s e an s Sig m d c pt i g r , but d m d were so grea t th a t Alfonso d ecl a red th at he could not ” a ee ho a es se a s a n en and ene o s . gr , t ugh ddr d m g iﬁc t g r u He a e a n a ree en ena i n 1 and e m d g m t with Si 4 54, whil besiegi ng the Rocc a of S orano had overtures m a de t o s n who wa s e en n s es n a him by Or i i , d f di g it , ugg ti g th t he ought to be lord of Siena ra th er th a n its s erv a nt a nd H of e n a ss s an e. e e e e the a a n es f ri g him i t c r p ll d dv c , but ’ m a d e a truce with Or sini and C ount E verso dell An uillara o t ons n th e s e n g with u c ulti g e commun . Thi b i g e o e enese s es t e ea e ea e and r p rt d by Si pi , h y f r d tr ch ry, e e ne t o ar est so he ﬂed ea n hi s a a e d t rmi d r him , , l vi g b gg g a e on o en ne e r o he e an b ehind . S f Fl r ti t r it ry wr ote d m d i n hi s s ssa he ot e e e 0 1 g di mi l , which g D c mb r 3 , 454 ’ B or so d E ste tri ed t o m ak e p eace between Sigis mond and Fred erick of M ont efeltro and th ey had a fruitless ee n for onso had e e ne to a e e en e for m ti g, Alf d t rmi d h v r v g ’ s on s s a a e a nd en a e e e to Sigi m d h rp pr ctic , g g d Fr d rick

hi r o lli tu in 1 8- and inv ade s t errito ies . P pe C a s s died 4 5 the enese s ee e a e ene of s . Piu I I , Si , ucc d d him , bitt r my ’

s on s who not es he had ne . Sigi m d , did r t till rui d him In 1 he had a a n a a e e e of on e e o 4 59 g i tt ck d Fr d rick M t f ltr , but Piccinino coming down and j oining him forced him to e e a nd the o ne of wa r en en e a a ns r tir , f rtu w t tir ly g i t In n a nd he wa s o e to sue for ea e . a ar him blig d p c J u y, 1 60 s ono n e hi s en he e e e o e 4 , Piu pr u c d judgm t r quir d b f r F rederick l aid d own hi s a rm s th a t Sigi sm ond sh ould e n Sini a lia on a o a nd its a a e Mondolfo r tur g g , M d vi Vic ri t , f San os an o a nd e o a and all the o n on e e C t z P rg l , c u try c qu r d i n the a s a a n a nd s a e for a o f l t c mp ig , tipul t d f rfeit o ﬂorins of o the ea wa s n t g ld if tr ty o execut ed .

TH E CON DOTTI ERI 247

Sigismond wa s obliged to sign it unde r p ai n of losing n e e . a who o e v rythi g B ldi , wr t with d ocum ent s before sa s o e e tha t i s on wa s to him , y , h w v r, Sig m d pay the sum due to King Alfonso before a ce rt a in d a te or to l ose Sini a li a and its o n a nd the a a e of on g g c u ty Vic ri t M davi o, a nd a s for the wa r e e to ea the with Fr d rick , b r expense or to lose P ergol a a nd the other la nds which had a lrea dy n n e f w bee h a d d ov er to him . A e m onth s a fter he tri ed to e a n Sini a li a he ha d e and e eo e r g i g g , which r built r p pl d, a nd - on a o s e e on e a 1 1 6 1 M d vi ; Piu r pli d F bru ry 4 , 4 , by i He on s t excommunicat ng him . c fi c a ed hi s Vica ri ate and all hi s fiefs sen a o o eo e es i s o of , t B rt l mm Vit ll chi , B h p o neto a a nst at the ea of the ontifical 00 s C r , g i him h d p tr p , a nd drew up a terrible act of indictm ent a ccusing him of a ne n en a a s a na e a i on a e r pi , i c di ry ct , c r g , bduct , r p a e i n es a e sa i e e e on and e es dult ry, c t , p rricid , cr l g , f l y, h r y , and proved hi s p a gani sm by the subj ects of the sculp f on e e o and t s o an es o. e e o ure f S . Fr c c Fr d rick M t f ltr T he a e Alessandro Sforz a supported the a ccu sa tion. l tt r ch a rged him with ca lling the Angevins into I ta ly and with having tried to bring the Turk into Ita ly even wh en T he a se wa s Piu s was prea ching the new cru sade . c u e o in n o who e te to the a na of . r mit d C rdi l S Pi tr Vi c li , e o e on n n on a ll o nts as r p rt d it, fi di g him guilty p i ( might He o n a h a ve been and prob a bly wa s expected) . f u d th t o a t of the so Sigi smond did not believe in the imm rt li y ul , a nd wa s th erefore a h eretic ; he wa s decl a red fa llen for e e e e of a ll hi s n es a nd on e ne to be v r, d priv d dig iti c d m d n i Hi s wa s a e ao o o a no bur ed a l ve. effigy m d by P l R m , “ and wa s s aid by the P ope to h a ve been ra th e r the ” e e e two person of Sigi smond th an hi s im age . Th er w r i e of of e and e ost 8 flor ns 8 o o n n . th m , th y c 4 b l g i i A pil ’ o w d s es a s a e on the s e s of . e e s an a c mbu tibl m d t p S P t r , s o l a e in the o t of the ef was ns e cr l pl c d m u h figy i crib d , 248 T HE CON D OTT I E RI

e e a m s on a a es a son of a n o o H r I , Sigi m d M l t t , P d lf ,

n of a o s foe of G od and man on e ne ki g tr it r , , c d m d to the ” fl a es a sen en e of the a e m by t c S cr d C oll ege . Piu s relea se d hi s p eople from a ll ob edience a nd decreed p erpetu a l sl a v ery t o any who did not ob ey him a ga inst

Sigi smond . Still continuing the struggle he wa s entirely

“ e ea e on us 2 1 62 a t a no a o a a nd d f t d Aug t 4, 4 , Pi di M r tt , s se in a en e i hut him lf up F no. Th l a ving h s s on R obe rt to d efend the city he w ent off into the Abruzzi to get h elp . Fre derick b esi eged F a no for 1 2 0 d ay s and th en the n a tants o e o e H i h bi blig d R b rt to yield . e went out ee a nd o t anso a nd e e a e the fr with u r m , Fr d rick g v him h onours of wa r a s a loy a l d efende r of the pl ace entrusted to i T h n i h s c a re . e co dition of things had ch anged n the ea e a n een a e e na n of Abruzzi , p c h vi g b m d by F rdi d a on an he t no n n d o e e e so e t on to e e . Ar g , g h lp th r , w V ic Frederick d ecl a re d the princip a lity v aca nt a ft er the w r a n of a no so he a s o e to a sk fo ea e . s t ki g F , blig d p c Piu n e th two a a es a I I . dem a d d a public submi ssi on from e M l t t a nd on o e 1 6 a a es a o e o a ea e Oct b r 4, 4 3 , M l t t N v ll pp r d e o e the a na of ano e a e of o a na a nd b f r C rdi l Ti , l g t R m g ,

promi sed submi ssion for him self and for Sigi smond . ’ Thi s was not enough to sa ti sfy the P ope s enmity : he required Sigi sm ond to go to R om e to a pologize before the C ollege of C a rdinal s : and th ere he publicly re nounced hi s s o e a ll hi s s a es e e n the right v r t t xc pt Rimi i , n of the nese a e a o a nd the a s e of t ow s Rimi , B rg ll t c tl

e a soo h e e hi s a s a of the at a C r l , whic w r Vic r Church , ” He was a so tribut e of gold en ﬂorins di c a m er a. l obliged to protest against the h eretic a l ideas attributed to and so on o e e th hi s se e a him , did N v mb r 5 by cr t ry a r m a a n a s a the a a on wa s S g o ori . B tt gli i s y th t djur ti ’ e e s hi s o e se e a o a nn repea t ed in S . P t r by th r cr t ry G i v i Hi n so e Audigio . s broth e r N ovello k ept C ecena a d m

2 50 THE CON D OTTI E RI

hi s son Rob ert left Venice and went to Rimini M al atesta

o e o e n and e to die he en on to ese N v ll b i g ill lik , w t C na , h he not ea e t an ar 22 1 66 e the whic did l v ill J u y , 4 (wh n t ens she to a it a e to e e of ont e e t o ci iz wi d c p ul t Fr d rick M f l r ) , o e h a t ea th the s es so of s pr vid d wit r ty wi ucc r Piu I I . , which conceded to him a numb er of towns and C a s te a had e on e to hi s a e o he ha ll which b l g d f th r, th ugh d to give up hi s pretensions to C esena Hi s t ribut e wa s s er of a o n ilv cup p u d weight . A few m onth s a fter i smond a e hi s and see n t at hi s son ha g m d will , i g h d acted hi s own n e est so e e hi s e a n n s ates to i t r l ly, l ft r m i i g t son t ent on n e In Ma o o . , with u m i i g R b rt y smond ent to n t o o e a n o a . w R m by i vi ti fr m P ul I I , wh ere he wa s greeted a s a cha mpion of the Church who ' h h f r w H a d foug t o t o yea rs against the i nﬁdels . e receive d the grea t est honours and the P op e ev en n bestowed on him the golden rose . Accomp a ied by a ll the ca rdina ls of most ancient title he p assed through the eon ne a nd e e e the est oo s of the L i city , r c iv d high pr f esteem of the V a tic an which had burned him i n efﬁgy a few ears e o e y b f r . T he P ope wi sh e d him to gua rd Rimini with hi s own oo s nstea of ose of en e and e to et tr p i d with th V ic , tri d g him to t a k e Sp olet o and F oligno in exch ange forRimini this m ade him furiou s and wa s the occa si on of hi s

' He a e e for se en j ourney to Rom e to kill him . tr v ll d v a s o t es s en and e e and t e n d y with u r t , il t ﬁ rc r mbli g with T he en o sen to ee a ne the o rage . v y t m t him w r d H ly i T he s da he was e se F ath er of h s excit ed s t at e. ﬁr t y r fu d a en e the ne da the o e e e e s oun e udi c , xt y P p r c iv d him urr d d n h aw a his by the college of ca rdinals . Wh e e s th t purpose wa s impossibl e of execution he threw him self n e o h at the feet of P a ul I I . a d d pl red t e lot to which he In s ons t hi wa s to be reduced . re p e o s prot estati ons the T HE CON D OTTI E RI 2 5 1

P ope said that th ough the proposition wa s dict ated by a es e for hi s oo he a o e to e n to d ir g d, uth riz d him r tur n a s he e e e a a e a nd wa s so a Rimi i pr f rr d th t pl c , rry th t the poverty of the trea sury prevent ed him from p a ying hi s e enses but t at he se e an o xp , h might rv y ne not an Hi enemy of the H oly Sea t . s excit em ent brought on

a n ness at et on hi s wa a e th ill Ri i y b ck , whith r e P op e sen a o o to a en and s n e t d ct r tt d him, i c Sigismond wa s n o os a s to C olleoni to o n a . o e m ki g pr p l j i him , ff re d him ’ a ea s on a t the a a n for a s a sum y r c tr c with V tic , but m ll , t f w I a s a nd bu e so e s . t wa duc t , ldi r s renewed for anot e ea and s on o on h r y r, Sigi m d c uld ly a fford i H 64 lances for h s gu a rd . e was gi ven ﬂorins of o er a nn a in a an e an g ld p um , h lf dv c d the est on o n a nd oa for men r m thly, l dgi g b rd an o s He wa s a o e t a e a the d h r es . ll w d o h v h lf

men- at - a s at n or t a e 0 oot ns ea rm Rimi i , migh h v 5 f i t d

of a e a n T h nt a wa s i ne c rt i number of horse . e co r ct s g d ne 2 1 68 and he o n e a a t on e at the Ju 3 , 4 , m u t d gu rd c a n h s n o n t Va tica n. F lli g ill e a sked p ermi s i o t retur o

n e e he e on to e in hi s 2md ea . Rimi i , wh r di d Oc b r 7, 5 y r

He a e o s to hi s ea n t o hi s en dd d c dicil will , l vi g childr Lucreti a a nd P andolfo a ll the property which he had

‘ bought and th a t which had b een given him in the terri

He a so o e e a hi s en tory of R agus a . l rd r d th t if childr died with out h eirs his Adri a tic p os sessi ons sh ould be sold h in and the proceed s devot ed t o t e c ompl et g of S .

He wa s e in the se e he Francesco . buri d pulchr which

at he en a n e of the a e a nea the ha d prep a red t tr c C th dr l, r n the o e of hi s e s on . ch a pel of S . Sigi m d Duri g wh l lif ’ ha n two a es the a s d E ste who wa s too he d o ly lli , M rqui ,

n hi s o e ene es and wea k to protect him a ga i st p w rful mi ,

of en e wa s on n e es e in the republic V ic , which ly i t r t d him 2 5 2 T HE CON DOT TI E RI for the purpose of gai ning the right to ab sorb Rimini a s it had a lrea dy a b sorb ed Ra venna

He wa s s en e a a nd e - o o t one of l d r, t ll w ll pr p r i d , a proud a ea a n e h s a a nd e e es a o pp r c , wit m ll liv ly y , c mplexion

a e s a a nd an a ne nose hi s o e h sio r th r w rthy, quili , wh l p y g mo ea n n e en e and a Hi s w my br thi g i t llig c cr ft . h a ir a s cut a cross hi s foreh ea d a ccording t o the cu stom of the tim e a nd c ompressed a s it were by the w eight of the e e o e a o n o n hi e s a . T he h lm t , f rm d thick cr w r u d h d n of hi s a r a e ose es e hi s a dig ity c r i g imp d r p ct , w rm e o en e ns e on e t of ea in his o o e s l qu c i pir d c t mp d th f ll w r , and he ha d the gift of c a rrying the m ost und ecid ed Hi s a n n hi s . s so e s o e no with him ldi r l v d him , twith t di g se e e a se he wa s s a nd e a se he e v rity, b c u ju t b c u liv d with

he s — e Hi sona a e wa s a of a o e . s e o t m , ldi r lik p r l c ur g th t e o en es he e the an s a one t o e his h r , tw ty tim l ft r k l d fy Hi s e ene e the a a ns of a n en es . chi f my, lik P l di ci t tim body seem ed to be of iron ; he appeared never t o need es and to be e a ess of the ea s of ea e and r t , r g rdl fr k w th r a e he an a s a e en e n e clim t ; dr k br cki h w t r , dur d hu g r with H out o a n a nd o e n and da on o as on. e c mpl i t , r d ight y cc i cultivation a nd

to o son o a a e the a n to n a e p i Sf rz , c ll d Sult i v d

a and h e es e n e ona o e to o en o It ly, w il b i gi g Cr m wr t L r z

' o a e hi s a e s and de M edici about a p a inte r to dec r t ch p l ,

an es o . Siena settled the sh a pe of the d om e of S . Fr c c o e of he ne s os e ene s . m t bitt r my, Piu I I , wr t him , k w a ll an wa s e a an e in oso a nd tiquity, v ry dv c d phil phy ” a e ll He s o n e pp a red b orn for a he undert ook . urr u d d se ea ne men oe s s o ans e a s s him lf with l r d , p t , hi t ri , m d lli t , sculpt ors and a rchitect s to h a nd him self and hi s deed s

o n to os e . o e a e a oet and he was d w p t rity L v m d him , a b orn ora t or hi s procl am a ti ons to HEW v

2 54 T HE COND OTT I E RI with hi s reception a nd struck with the depth a nd ext ent ’ of hi s n h ost s k owledge . Th ough condemned as a

e et s . on a aren oo ro n s on hi s h r ic by Piu I I pp tly g d g u d , d ea th - bed he d esired hi s children to fi ni sh hi s inc omplete

and o a na s a n he wa s a o s church , th ugh crimi l hu b d , pi u Son who o e e the e a ns of his an es o s , c ll ct d r m i c t r in a n e a c enot a ph in S . Fr a c sco nd had in his study the skull of hi s gr andfa th er c a rv ed in m arble a nd covered with i n relig ou s inscriptio s.

He set a e es a in the o of n com up p d t l F rum Rimi i , ’ m em ora tive of C a sa r s crossing the Rubicon (which wa s re st ored in but hi s great w ork s were the C a stl e o an h . f e the e d t e a e a o . an es o a C th dr l S Fr c c , c ll d T mpi ” T he ea wa s on e e in 1 and it M a l a testi ana . id c c iv d 445 wa s e n a os e a e the o ne s one e n b gu lm t imm di t ly, c r r t b i g

a e o er 1 1 6 Ba r o o eo a ates a pl c d Oct b 3 , 44 , by t l mm M l t ,

n s wa s the st ena ssan e a a e Bi shop of Rimi i . Thi ﬁr R i c f c d e e e in a and the a e was Leo a s a r ct d It ly, rchit ct B tti t

n was o o s a and e ona . Alb erti . Sto e br ught fr m I tri V r T he ancient p ort of Rimini was destroyed to provid e T he a er a as e a s a as a a nd a a an e . m t i l , w ll b ilic c mp il inh abit ant s of F ano had collect ed m at eri al for a bridge o e the e a s a nd he ai an s on ; and he v r M t uru , l d h d it h brought from Classe in one yea r 30 c a rtload s of p orp yry and serp entine p anellings (the rep ort of 30 yea rs l at er was th a t i n one night 1 00 ca rt s were sent to Cl as se which returned full of porphyry a nd se rp enti ne s l ab s) .

ne to the o e an es o T he inh abit ant s compl ai d D g , Fr c c

Foscari he on en e se n t o e ano , but c t t d him lf with writi g St f

e sa no o es a of a enna to s o an t e Tr vi , P d t R v , t p y fur h r

a a th o 200 fl o ns. dil apid a tions . M a l at est p id e abb t ri It wa s o s ona o e e in for the ee of 1 0 pr vi i lly c v r d jubil 45 ,

o en on for a no e ﬁve ea s o wa s but w rk w t th r y r , th ugh it 2 T o fa ce 5 4 .

2 56 T HE CO ND OT TI E RI

Fra nces ca repre senting Sigi sm ond kneeling b efore hi s n n th f h a o a nt . s on i e a e o t e e s p tr S i S Sigi m d , Ch p l R lic ,

es o e s n e es n . r t r d , but till i t r ti g F E D E RIG O D I MONT E F ELTRO , D UK E OF

URB INO .

THE C ondottiere who ha d the greatest reputati on for hi s ness a e and a so e o se a n e of a ll upright , br v ry, b lut b rv c the on ons of hi s en a e ent s wa s e e c diti g g m , Fr d rick of on e e o e of no and the a o n s M t f ltr , Duk Urbi ; cc u t given of hi s ch a ra ct er and doings by c ont em orari es who had e e ent o o t n es of a a e p , xc ll pp r u iti ccur t no e e ea out and s hi s e a k wl dg , fully b r ju tify r put ti on b oth a s a c ap able and high - minded lea der e so of men a nd a s a wi se and beneﬁcent ruler . Lik m a ny of the grea t men of mediaeva l tim es he wa s a love

the son of a n on o o n of onte e o a child , Guid t i C u t M f ltr by the a en of no and was o n ne 1 2 2 . m id Urbi , b r Ju 7, 4 At ffi n ed to en e the tender age of 8 yea rs he wa s a a c G til , of e a e o a d aughte r of B a rt olommeo Branc a leone M rc t ll , o n T he ne ea he en a s os a e to p litica l u ion. xt y r w t h t g and en e but a e 1 on s the a e a ea e , V ic , ft r 5 m th pl gu pp r d h to an a e e he e at e was a llow ed to retire M tu , wh r liv d 2 5 7 2 5 8 T HE C ON DOTT I E RI the o r of a n an es o on a a for two ea s and c u t Gi Fr c c G z g y r , wa s one of the pupil s of the celebrated Vittorino da eltr H w n i F e . e a s k ighte d by the E mperor S gi sm ond i n 1 2 and wa s a e on e e e 2 1 in 43 , m rri d D c mb r , 437, ’ M n o and o e ne hi s a e s fief at on e . e and Gubbi , g v r d f th r c H wom en c a m e to m a turity ea rly in th ose d ays . e serv ed n no for a o t 8 ears a n een n e with Picci i b u y , h vi g b put u d r him by Filippo M a ri a Vi sconti to wh om he had gone ea rli er in 1 437 (th ough one hi stori a n s ays he en to en he wa s 1 6 o fol w t him wh , with ut o e s a s or one a nd wa s i en a of l w r , rm m y) g v h lf ’ B art olomm eo d ell a C a rd a s tr oop of 800 h orse a hi 1 He e s ea a t the end of Ma 8. ft r d th y , 43 w ’ a s the a e of a no hi s s s e nna s s an . f th r Ub ldi , i t r A hu b d f e the a e of n a en e e wa s esse A t r b ttl A ghi ri , wh Fr d rick pr d to ese the i sconti a nd a se the d rt V lly him lf with Church , he replie d th a t he had gi ven hi s promi se to Vi sconti in good fortune a nd did not wi sh to fa il him in bad ; th at the tim e of hi s cond ott a wa s settled a nd he wi shed to fulfil it lik e a loya l knight ; a fte r it wa s completed he es e and e en a e hi s o nes s t o use hi s a rm d ir d , v pr y d , H li , wa s ost ea to ser e now he ea e which m r dy v him , but f r d to o n hi s di sh onour m ore th an d a ngers . He wish ed j i

o e - in- law a n e at ss the a sses be br th r , M fr di , Ru i , but p een a a e a nd esena e e e a e a nd tw th t pl c C w r w ll gu rd d , C esena sw a rm ed with spi es who ga ve inform ation of hi s e r H e essa e a e essa e a s ve y a ction. e r ceived m g ft r m g o his a e who wa s and s e to see e o e fr m f th r , ill wi h d him b f r he e a nd e the a e of no s e di d , l ft by g t Urbi , much di turb d , a n i T he en e n c lli g h s men to com e with him . emy b i g i nform ed of hi s depa rture and it s ca u se gu a rded the

a s ses a e es s a nd a n one se e a es o a s p c r l ly , h vi g g v r l mil t w rd

no he ne a nd o ne hi s o e - in- la w a ss n Urbi tur d j i d br th r , p i g through the b adly gu a rd ed p a sses a nd l ea ving th em

260 T HE CO ND OTT I E RI

of e o e o ' T he few e n cry F ltr , F ltr d fe ders thought the o ns en or e e o s ha d s e th t w m , th ir f ll w id d with e enemy and surrendered with out a blow and M a l at esta lost the h a e . s o e on 2 2 H o e 1 1 . i s at e pl c T i ccurr d Oct b r , 44 f h r e e ar 2 2 1 and wa s s ee e hi s n di d F bru y , 443 , ucc d d by so O ddantoni o who wa s s a n the Urbinates o e e , l i by , t g th r two a o es who ha d led n o e o ses with f v urit him i t vil c ur , i n the o o n ea a nd t s e e e a e o f ll wi g y r, hu F r d rick b c m l rd of n N ot o on ons o. o e e for the Urbi with ut c diti , h w v r, p eople were v ery nerv ou s a s t o hi s t aking vengeance ’ for hi s a - o e s ea a nd a o es s on h lf br th r d th , pr c i went to the esa o a e a e a a ne wa s ose P r g t , c ll d L v ggi , which cl d , ons s n of the s o the e a nd ens c i ti g bi h p , cl rgy citiz , with T h n e a n im th eir m a gi str a t es . e c ou t w a ited out sid d T he a s a e a e m edi at ely a sk ed them to op en. m gi tr t s m d “ a nsw er Th a t th ey did not a sk nor wi sh a ny oth er l ord an he t at he o not a e e e e th , but h w uld t k it ill if th y r quir d s to o se a nd so e n a nd o hi s ea him ﬁr t pr mi , l m ly fr m h rt to swea r th a t he would p a rd on both p a rt icula rly and generally the crim e committed and all the wrongs which had a ene in the at e s o be er a n h pp d tumult , th th y h uld c t i and sure th at he desired th eir h ea lth and not their ruin ; the n s one e e e o a e e en an e wa s in thi g d w r irr v c bl , r p t c v olunt ary ; nor ought he for the sin of a few to wi sh the en s o f eo e so e o e to a nd on tire d e ol ati n o a p pl d v t d him , n e and o a so e the o e nno en . a wh l , i c t M fr di T mm with th ir e ness had e the e and the sa e had wick d kill d duk , m received from G od by m eans of the h and of the offend er s m erit ed puni shm ent ; let him embra ce th en the p art of e and a s e es e for e o let m rcy , th y d ir d him th ir l rd , him In the o na a es sh ow him self gentle a nd kind . c mmu l rchiv of Urbino i s preserved an instrument dem anding cert a in n ess ons a n at s e and a e e to co c i , dr w up thi tim cc d d by

e e in the o of 20 es ons and ans e s . Fr d rick , f rm qu ti w r e o f f s e Fr deric M o nt e eltro (fro m a ha r li e f) .

Tu fa ce 260

2 62 T HE C O ND OT TI E RI of hi s e a a on he o a e a o na ent in 1 0 x lt ti pr cl im d t ur m 4 5 , wa s e e e o ens of e and in which pr c d d by m vil , which Frederick received the hurt which di sﬁgured him for the ’ es of hi i s a s . Gu dan elo de an er a en e an r t d y g R i i , g tl m of no ar e who had a ne the Urbi , riv d, g i d priz e in a recent a ssa e of ar s at o n T h p g m Fl re ce. e count embra ced him a nd n a o en ai n n hi n He n hu g g ld ch o s eck . ra one cour se and not o h e er e e n a s a r e oo did t uc Fr d ick , r c ivi g h p r pr f t e e o e . On e ea n the o se the n e n h r f r r p ti g c ur , k ight b i g on a s a o se hi s an e an e a s o the m ll h r , l c gl c d upw rd fr m ’ o n s a o a nd wa s s e e a a nst the so c u t rm ur hiv r d g i vi r , k nocking out the right ey e and breaking the b one of H e i w the nose . e k t b s sea t a nd ass e ose ho p , ur d th flock ed round of a sp eedy cure and th at he would be b ett er a ble t o see with one good ey e th an with 1 00 r t o e a on o nar ones . an e an o rdi y R i ri impl r p rd , but e er e e t a wa s not nee e for e e wa s Fr d ick r pli d h t it d d , th r hi no a and a e e e e wa s hi s . e s f ult , if f ult th r w r it Aft r e o e he r e t o a e on one a o de ain r c v ry t i d t k M t by c up m , buf a o a s s e of Fortebraccio e en e so e Gi c m , i t r , d f d d it w ll s on a a es a th at he was obliged to retire . Sigi m d M l t t a n een o o a e e eno n e hi s h vi g b b ught by Sf rz , Fr d rick r u c d e nga gem ent ra th er th an be brought into friendly cont a ct so he oo se e onso n of with him ; t k rvic with Alf , Ki g N a es who ha d sa a he o not a e an ta a n pl , id th t w uld h v I li w s o be a e in e c a pt a in for there a s no tru t t pl c d th m , but o n the recomm end a tion of the Veneti ans engaged hi s Frede rick at a sal a ry of duc at s a month for own p ay and 8 ducat s of 1 0 ﬂorims for ea ch l ance and 2 for each foot soldie r ; hi s comp any to consi st of 700 l a n es and n n few a s e o e ea e wa s c 600 i fa try. A d y b f r p c on e a s s of a s ea e c clud d ub idy duc t r ch d him , which h ff onso e o e e to e n as no on e e e . r d r tur l g r r quir d Alf , r eg a rding the offer a s a sign of quit e unu su al conscien TH E CON D OTTI ERI 263

ti ousness es e to e a n the one on a n , d ir d him r t i m y ccou t of s e e i n future service . Fr d r ck w e t to N a ples to express i Hi hi s an s n e son. s st e e a o 1 th k p r fir wif di d b ut 457, and he wa s a e to a t s a o a th a m rri d B t i t Sf rz , e d ughter of th f a o in o e 1 T e o o es e . he e w l rd P r , N v mb r, 4 59 brid a s but 1 ea s old a nd a of a a ea e a e 3 y r , h rdly m rri g bl g , but thi s wa s a love m a tch and he wa s grea tly a tt a ched to her e she e a nd o ne her s n e e whil liv d , m ur d i c r ly a fter H w th e an n ea . e a s ss o o a se the d th , wi Al dr Sf rz , rvi g in of a es a a n i n 1 60 o os n a o o n no K g N pl g i 4 , pp i g J c p Picci i , n who wa s enga ge d by Queen Giovanna . At Sa F a bri ano while keeping the li st s for a contest between two a onese and two n e n n t s he s a ne Ar g A g vi k igh , tr i d hi s ba ck so severely th at he could not move a nd wa s e o hi s s in t n e t da a lift d fr m h ou e grea p a i . N x y fight too a e a t st a s t s s a a k pl c which , fir ligh kirmi h , gr du lly n the e a in a a es he had i volved wh ol rmy . Sw ath ed b nd g se e on hi s o se and o o t a o him lf lift d h r , th ugh with u rm ur , a of h s e T wo o ses e e e headed a ch rge t e re erv . h r w r kill d n e and c of hi s ar e a on a e u d r him , mu h milit y r put ti d t d o t s sa s o s a nd oo da en he s o e fr m hi di tr u bl dy y , wh h w d he ou t for such bra very a nd contempt for p ain. T y f gh t In h s ea hi s con 20 o s n s n o . h ur , fi i hi g by t rchligh t i y r e n a a i o s otta t the o e n s e . s . d wi h P p fi i h d Piu I I b i g v r ci u , ’ a nd hi s n s e s e n o t e e s a had mi i t r b i g c rrup , Fr d rick rmy s f e e and e e a e o ent a e e u f r d, it r quir d v ry c mplim ry l tt r o the o e on o e 1 1 6 1 to e s a e fr m P p ( Oct b r , 4 ) p r u d him He wa s suc to continue in the se rvice of the Church . cessful in a n the a st e of e o the o na t ki g c l V rucchi , rigi l nes of the a a es a s a st a a e in the o o n t M l t t , by r t g m f ll wi g H n f s on yea r . e wrot e a letter in the h andwriti g o Sigi m d a a es a to the a s e an a nd sea e hi s sea M l t t C t ll , l d it with l , in which he sa id th a t if he had not enough soldi ers t o e en the a s e he s o let no a nd d f d c tl h uld him k w quickly, 264 T H E CON D OTTI E RI

H he o sen e . e en se e te 1 6 men o w uld d th m th l c d , wh m he sent t o the ca stle a t night ; pretending th a t they had

een s o e e t e ran to the oo no n a nd b di c v r d h y d r, k cki g i n T a e e e s e . he a ste a n o ene cry g th t th y w r pur u d C ll p d , ha n s had the o n e s n en h wa s vi g ﬁr t c u t r ig giv him , whic a e e of n w w pi c mo ey brok en in t o . But a p age ho had a to in hi s a n e a n n e sa o n n to rch h d . x mi i g th m , id , p i ti g “ ” one a e seen s ma n at the f o o n . , I h v thi C urt Urbi o ” “ e e he ans e e o ose m a s o e Quit tru , w r d c mp dly ; I a ldi r of o ne a nd s e e the man who a s me es e f rtu rv p y b t , lik

M a l a testa . S afely within they threw t h e m selves on the a s e an n esa esa ! the war of the C t ll , cryi g , Chi , Chi cry so f e s o the c a nd n o e e o an ons . ldi r Chur h , i tr duc d th ir c mp i We a re not t old how he b eca me p ossessed of the counter ’ s n n f n w th n or o s o s sea . a s to a s e e d ig , Sigi m d l It w rd of thi s yea r th a t he re ce ived a commi ssion a s Li eut enant ene a of the es a s a o es the e e ea n G r l E ccl i tic l f rc , br v t b ri g ’ H on e es n n d at e N ovem ber 3 . e c qu red M al at t a s d omi io s for the a a es a a n e e a s a a at Church , M l t t h vi g h ld th m Vic ri , a nd at ano e t a o s a th the a F k p chiv lr u f i with f mily, escorting th em to th eir pla ce of e mb ark a tion for Rimini n with out ra nsom . Thi s wa s pra ctica lly the t erminatio of the long duel between the two l eaders . In 1 6 he e ne to no e e he s a e the 4 4 r tur d Urbi , wh r t y d o e of 1 6 a nd o en e hi s a a e the os wh l 4 5 , c mm c d p l c , m t In he highly pra i sed princely resid ence of the century . t i i se a s a Church of S . D omenico n th at city s a pulchr l l b sa ying th a t h ere repose the bones o f B a ccio Pontelli of ” o en e a e of the a a e e e e e er Fl r c , rchit ct p l c r ct d by Fr d ick , but the rea l a rchit ect wa s Luci ano di L aurana of a a a a s a sa s and the o a en D lm ti , B ldi y , dipl m giv him by

e e on ne 1 1 1 68 ea s out hi s a s se on. Fr d rick , Ju , 4 , b r rti In 1 81 Pontelli wa s at no en he o a a e 4 Urbi , wh pr b bly m d the a n for o en o de e s ne a s dr wi g L r z M dici . ig d by him

TH E CONDOTTI E RI

a en e ha s a a s e it s a s on o C rp t r, which p rtly c u d cripti t He ma a e had so e n to him . y h v m thi g do with the

o a the es n of i s a a e ea c urty rd , d ig which pr ctic lly r p ted

in the s m a ller p a l a ce at Gubbio. Fra nce sco di Giorgio has a sohad the es n of the a a e a s e to l d ig p l c crib d him , but it i s more prob able that he worked a s orna ment a l s o o n s o e of the oo a s a re culpt r, d i g m _ d r j mb , which ea a e a e e e s a nd the a ne s b utifully c rv d with w rlik mbl m , p l of milit a ry engines and me ch a nica l obj ect s whi ch were on the o s e of the a a e a s a n of o ut id p l c ki d p dium , but w are no preserve d in the corridor on the first floor . e e wa s an ea e a a e on a of the sa e s e Th r rli r p l c p rt m it , and the s s es h on a ne the s a es sto e ub tructur w ich c t i d t bl , r n o a a t e on e to it a re oo s etc. a d r m , , pr b bly p r ly b l g d , n T he e of h the ea t e s e ormous . vi w this side wit gr t ow r between which are the three b a lconi es one a bove the o e e in the o e o n are the a es of the th r, whil f r gr u d rch sub structures of the m a rk et pl a ce c onstructed by e e es one a on e ea of the eso es Fr d rick , giv w d rful id r urc he ont o e and of the a n en e of hi s which c r ll d , m g ific c T he a wa s att e en e all o n n pr oj ect s . w ll b l m t d r u d origi a lly but the spa ces were filled up at the end of the 1 6th T h o n f the century to add a noth e r st orey . e c lum s o o t a are ono s of a e ne a nd a on c ur y rd m lith tr v rti , l g inscription runs round the fri eze a bove the gra ceful a T h h s a on rches . e door seen a t the b a ck in t e illu tr ti i s th at which led to the ce lebra t ed libra ry upon which i Vespasi ano da Bi sticci tell s us he expended m ore th a n a s and s n e he had to do the o e n duc t , i c with c ll cti g of he o a s a e ie o a it pr b bly knew . A m ll r l f p rtr it by n T he ea Fra ces co di Gi orgio i s in the w a ll a b ove it . gr t st airca se lea d s to the sta te room s from thi s corner . Ve ry little rem a ins of th eir forme r m agnificence but a n a nd n a o the ta es es a n een a en c rvi g i l id w rk , p tri h vi g b t k 266 T H E C ON DOT TI E RI to o en e a n the s f r n Fl r c d obj ect o a t disp ersed . O e room ha s a fine as e e e n er an in es n a nd pl t r d c ili g, v y f ciful d ig , i n w T h s hu g ith t a pestri es . e doors are severa l of them cov ered with very bea utiful inlays and the studio of the e i s en e s n In n duk tir ly urrou ded by the m . o e niche hi s ar o i s s o n a s an i n ose i s a o t a m ur h w if h g g up , cl by p r r it of and e se e e in the oo h ee u es of him , l wh r r m t r fig r

“ T he f Chri sti an Virt ues. d esign of th ese ﬁgures a nd o ose on the oo i s as e to o e so e th d r crib d B ttic lli , with m In ano e n e i s e esen e hi prob ability . th r ich r pr t d s ea n es oo s on a nd ose i s a n r di g d k with b k up it , cl by o an on one s e and on the o er a o e e te a e rg id th c v r d rr c , on a s e ns e a an s a e i s seen up which quirr l ru , whil l d c p th ar e n the sea n i th o e s. O s a d n e oa s thr ugh ch t cupb rd , a re e esen e in the n a s a re s e n a o s which r pr t d i l y , tr w v ri u o e s s a s t be e e e the oo e e i n bj ct , uch migh l ft th r if r m w r use s a ns en s s ons s oo s s es , mu ic l i trum t , cu hi , mu ic b k , di h of etc all e esente on e ea s fruit , , r pr d with w d rful r li m with n th T h out ove rp a ssi g e proper b ound a ries of the art . e ” o was o a one o a n a s e ano ose w rk pr b bly d by J h C t ll , wh na e i s on the o an who i s o e se n no n m rg , but th rwi u k w t T h r t a a o a e . e oo a s a e of s one e e f m d r j mb , c rv d with gr t

T h ne - e s a re d et ail and p erfectly preserved . e chim y pi ce a at in the a a e a l so often b e utifully ca rv ed . Th S l d gli A ngeli i s on the wh ol e the most rem a rk able ; it i s the f n T he e a e a so has w ork o D om e ico Roselli . littl ch p l l e e a o a e a n of a a es es of a a e v ry l b r t c rvi g r b qu , but l t r a T he o n t w n a e os o d t e . ro m ext o it a s i h bit d by Ari t en at the o of no a nd in ano e a es wh C urt Urbi , th r J m wh to b a e f an e a o a e e s . o n Stu rt , cl im d J m I I I E gl d , liv d o 1 1 t 2 2 fr m 7 7 o 1 7 . n in 1 s . e ea 6 a s ee e Piu I I b i g d d 4 4 , P ul I I . ucc d d him a nd on e e e a s on alon e of the c ﬁrm d Fr d rick G f i r Church , a nd in 1 6 he wa s a a n- ene a of the ea e en 4 7 c pt i g r l l gu , wh

T HE CON DOTTI ERI 267 he encountered C olleoni lea ding the a rmy of the Floren ne e ees a t o ne a on 2 ti r fug M li ll July 5 . They fought for 6 or 8 o s o a es a n a h ur , b th rmi h vi g m rch ed som e s a n e s and the da e n n ense h t . di t c fir t , y b i g i t ly o Wh en d a rkness approa ch ed C olleoni sent a trumpet to e e s es n a a s wa s Fr d rick , ugg ti g th t it high time to see k repose th ey had b ett er be done for the day ! T he s a ff a se on e the o osa a s e e e t w rmly c d d pr p l , th y w r ee es o e n en e ar e s so o on thr mil fr m th ir i t d d qu t r , by c mm ons en the oo s e e e a e and s the so e c t tr p w r r c ll d , whil t ldi ry o es and es a s s s t es for the now ee ene lit t rch fir , ub ti ut d p d the ea e s a a a n e to s a e an s twilight , l d r mutu lly dv c d h k h d and congra tul ate ea ch other on their e sca p es ! N ot with st a nding the a pp a rent resembl ance t o the doings in oo n - a ss an e e wa s ea n at s L ki g Gl L d , th r r l fighti g thi a e 00 o ses e e e a nd e e se b ttl ; 4 h r w r kill d , Fr d rick him lf ha d hi s e n e e it i s no ea e a so a s kill d u d r him , whil tic bl l e n the s e a o n to e o a fl n b i g fir t tim , cc rdi g r p rt , th t yi g a e wa s se i n the e o fi ea s of a so t rtill ry u d fi ld , th ugh r rm r

e e e a n se o e an a en e o e a s i s w r c rt i ly u d m r th c tury b f r , ” o e the en on of o o a so of an pr v d by m ti Schi pp , rt h d e a i n a e s e a e e a 20 1 6 i n the ﬁr rm , r gi t r d t d F bru ry , 34 , a s e of ass ne o Po ons ne to Porolo dei C tl Fr i t di , c ig d Mur a n a s e a n for the s on e o a s a re li i , C t ll Vi c ti ; whil b mb rd en one i n a o en of e a 1 8 1 1 in the m ti d d cum t F bru ry , 39 , o n And o o na at the c mmu al a rchives of Ve rcelli . B l g e nd of the 1 en had a o n a nd a n 4th c tury w ll , c u try , h d a e two n en o es s o n a a e e on e rtill ry, i v t ri h wi g wh t rtill ry b l g d to the commune in 1 381 a nd 1 397 b eing still ext ant . ” ose se at o ne a e e a e S in a rds a nd Th u d M li ll w r c ll d p g , e e on s e s ea s n ee s o n e on w r l g wiv l m uri g thr cubit , m u t d up a a es and s a i n a s s a e an a a n c rri g di ch rg g b ll ju t l rg r th w l ut , a nd e e the n en on of C olleoni o o n sa w r i v ti , th ugh Ug li i y s wa s e e who se e it Fr d rick u d th m . Vespa si ano da 268 T H E C ON D OTTI E RI

i ’ f i Bi st cci s a ccount o the m atte r s qu a int . After ﬁghting for six hours B art olommeo C olleoni s tood forth ‘ and s a a e a ta ns the o i s a e a nd ou id, B r v c p i h ur l t , y a e o t an on es It h v f ugh m fully both s id . appea r s to me ’ e t n h f T h tim o e d t e feat o a rm s . e Duk e of Urbino on e the sa e t a a ea e to e to c ﬁrm d m , h t it pp r d him tim en th lea v e off. Th e duk e sa id further th a t th ey a sk ed e to be oo eno to na e th th m g d ugh t ermi t e fea t of a rm s . They c ould do no m ore ; and if it had not b een for s a e e o a e a s e e a nd it was s n a h m th y w uld h v k d th m , i gul rly n nt gr a ciou s of th em to a sk it . Also o a ccou of the hea t and from th eir h aving to get up from th eir lodgings a nd o e to ose of the ene s e ha d one T h c m th my a th y d . e fea t of a rm s b eing ended it was judged th a t the p eople of the ea ue had one et e t a n t ose of C olleoni and l g d b t r h h , th at the duk e ha d done a very wi se thing a nd the only thing which could be d one to save hi s a rmy (for he had only men aga inst ’ e er s son o a o was o n an a 2 1 2 Fr d ick Guid b ld b r J u ry 4 , 47 , a nd hi s d ea rly loved wife die d at Gubbio ra ther m ore an two ea s a e on 1 a t the a e of on th y r l t r, July 5 , 474 , g ly H wa o t to no and e 2 ea s . er o s 7 y r b dy br ugh Urbi , buri d f n t e o e he had e a no. o i n the church o S . B r rdi Sh r ly b f r b een to Florence to receive esp ecia l h onours from the e for the s ess a a n a a ns o te a r public ucc ful c mp ig g i t V l rr , “ had as e a on for he e s a e the which l t d but m th , p r u d d ens to i e e se es a s da s e ates on citiz g v th m lv up , Bi ticci r l , condition th a t their p ersons a nd b elongings sh ould be a nd wa s o a e es e e . e en e e the r p ct d Th y t r d city , it pr cl im d th a t th ere wa s to be nothing t ouched under p a in of the ’

a th f an s eo e e an sa n . g llow s . But e Duke o Mil p pl b g cki g So the e a s in an and the o ssa es duk with rm h d , C mmi ri ran to the a e to s o the men- a t - a s a so e an pl c t p it , but rm l b g so th at there was such di sord er th a t it could not be

270 T HE CON D OT TI E RI s a rcoph a gus i n the new church of the Zoccolantines close n i to t at f . ea t e h o S D o ato . Thirt y y rs a f er h s d ath it wa s o ene his a n son e an es o a a a nd p d by gr d , Duk F r c c M ri , In rem a ined open till 1 603 . th a t yea r B a ldi s aw it a nd described it a s lik e a wooden efﬁgy with white skin st et e on the ones the o nt of the nose on e n r ch d b , p i ly b i g te T he ea a nd ea e e s a en a little corrup d . h d b rd w r h v a ccording t o the cu stom of those times ; he wore a

o et of cut e e s a et ose and on hi s e a d ubl v lv t with c rl h , h d a l a rge c ap of fa ded red ; he wa s wra pped i n a long robe of e et of estn o o r ne t red and had cut v lv ch ut c l u , li d wi h , hi He wa s e his s s o hi s s e . o e e w rd by id v r middl h ight , a e a e a e nose a ne o en a oa o e f c r th r p l , quili but br k , br d f r “ ea a nd hi s e ess on was et een ea san and h d , xpr i b w pl t ”

H wa s 60 ea s old en he e . gra ve . e y r wh di d

He was a an s e man a nd an e e en er. m y id d , xc ll t rul I t i s worth while to quote what da Bi sticci and B a ldi say of a s t e i e a e of hi s o e e and him h y g v vivid pictur h m ly lif , sh ow how a ccessible he was to all hi s p eople and wh a t nte es he oo in e a a s t o at the sa e t e i r t t k th ir ff ir , h ugh m im hi s court wa s the resort of men of culture and the school wh ere m a ny young nobles were tra ined in the duties He wa s of knightly ob serv a nce a nd courtly coura ge . s n a e o s a nd ost o se an of the ne i gul rly r ligi u , m b rv t Divi n He e on a ll the s of the comm a ds . fa st d vigil church T h e h e no a nd in L ent . e y a r b efore e di d Sig r t a ano o n a s he o at the en en O t vi , l vi g him did , th ught th L t a st wa s bad for a nd ot a s ens a on o f him , g him di p ti fr m o w n He e as ese e to one o n n . R m , which pr t d him m r i g ne to no a ano and e a n to a a nd tur d Sig r Ott vi b g l ugh , sa a t he a n e en he sa ca n and do id th th k d him , th id , If I ea a s do ou s me to do f n ! br kf t , why y wi h di fere tly Wh at ex a mple sh ould I set if I did so ! a nd he did a s he had one to a da e d up th t y . E v ry morni ng he a nd such i nh a bit T HE CON DOTT I ERI 271

ants a s ose ea a ser on a nd a te the ea n ch h rd m f r pr chi g , a ss nee n and e e o n n e ea a s n m , k li g, v ry m r i g whil br kf ti g he had ea to so e sa e n a nd en a ﬁne r d him m cr d writi g, wh p a ssage c a me he m ade the rea de r stop so th at he might ” It is s a t a und erstand b ett er . id h a t the Sult n ca lled him “ “ He wa s o t the great Chri stia n. m s libera l in hi s ‘ ’ a t es a nd wa s i n a o the e es en of a ll ch ri i , w rd r fr hm t e e e e few te m h onest men. Th r w r li ra ry en whom the e had not e a e ene o s a an s a er duk r w rd d g r u ly ; C mp u , v y

ea ne man e n in nee had o e t an a s l r d , b i g d , m r h duc t In o en on h from him . Fl r ce ly e ga ve duc at s or o e to te a m f r tant do not m r li r ry en o impor work s . I s ea of at he a e a t o e or a es i a re not p k wh g v R m N pl , wh ch m H a a s ha s e n m k nown to e . e lw y d om e l a r ed a n in hi s ho h e f r N n h ou se w m e provid d o we ll . o lea r ed ma n ca me to a ny of hi s signories without b eing honoured and i hi H e t lodged n s h ouse . e h a rd M aes ro L a zz a ro read the et s of s o e h and t o t o ent s a nd hic Ari t tl wit wi h u c mm , he not only h ea rd but di sputed a bout the difﬁcult p a s s a es and a n st e o he n e stoo a n g , h vi g udi d l gic u d r d rgui g n he e e e n of a e ea n . a ea t v ry w ll, b i g v ry r dy mi d H vi g h rd wh ole of the ethic s m any tim es and knowing th em a lm ost ea t so that he a e hi s e e o t o e i n the dis by h r , g v pr c pt r r ubl ss en he a e ea the o s en he ent on cu i , m d him r d p litic , th w He ea to the physics a nd oth e r work s of Ari st otle . r d na s and ne e the o r t e s . o a s S Th m Aqui , k w w ll H ly Sc ip ur ,

o e . ose . e the an ent o to s s a s . ci d c r , uch S Ambr , S J r m , S f s he had a nd s ne . e o a ll o ose o Augu ti , S Gr g ry, wh w rk ; a ll the Greek doct ors wh ose work s were tr ansla t ed i nto a n s h as the se ons of a s o n so s o L ti , uc rm B il , J h Chry t m ,

e o N a zianzen N i senus ana s s a nd Gr g ry , , Ath iu , Cyril . He t n of e e t n E heren. s e o a e o e e p wi h d h v k wl dg v ry hi g , sa e and o a ne oe s a nd s o ans a nd he o en cr d pr f , p t , hi t ri , ft ea a nd had ea to i a s n s r d r d him L vy , S llu t , Qui tiu Cur 272 T HE C ON D OTT I E RI

s s n the o en a es of aesa tiu , Ju ti , c mm t ri C r , which he pra i sed e a ll the 8 es of a the v ry highly, 4 liv Plut rch , writ ers of the

e a en e etc. 0 one o s or a e e sons n d c d c , N , l rd priv t p r , k ew m ore a b out a rchit ecture th an he did : a lth ough he had a e s a o n he a e eas es o o ons a nd rchit ct r u d him g v m ur , pr p rti , e a s for hi s a a es and to ea a a d t il p l c , h r him t lk bout it one o a e o wa s hi s n a e w uld h v th ught it pri cip l bu sin ss . He a so n e s oo o n and a e e se e a of hi l u d r t d f rtifyi g, lt r d v r l s c a stles to m eet the difference c a used by the use of bom

H w s ent i m t ' n a s . e a o n eo e r a d a e b rd pr fici g y rithm tic , and e e se s n e s a n n e . d light d him lf with mu ic , u d r t di g it w ll e e wa s no ns en he had not in his o se Th r i trum t which h u , h wa s on e of e a e an e n but e f d r d lic t th gr a t i strum ent s . He a l so could t alk of sculpture and p a inting a s if th ey e e hi s own a s and not n n a n e s to hi s a s e w r rt , fi di g p i t r t t ‘ ’ i n a for oil a n n sen to an e s for a so e n It ly p i ti g, t Fl d r l m one who a e to no a nd an n s e e in , c m Urbi did m y thi g th r , p a rticul ar i n hi s studi o wh e r e he p a inted philosoph ers and oe s and o o s of the o ee a nd p t d ct r church , b th Gr k a n a nd so e his o s a no n wa s a n n L ti , dr w l rd hip th t thi g w ti g H a s ha d e s a es ea e wh but the life . e l o Fl mi h t p try w v rs o work ed in gold and silk mixed with w orst ed so th a t the e e e ne e seen one the s and he had the lik w r v r d with bru h , d oors w ork ed in t a rsi a which were a l so a s good a s could be one the s and he had a s o o e d with bru h , tudi w rk d with such w ond erful artifice th a t if it w ere d one with the bru sh or s e or i n e e i s not oss e t a it s o with ilv r, r li f, it p ibl h t h uld n h had to o he be equ a l to it . Everyt hi g which e d did ” i th n o n e best m an er p ssible. Hi s own est a bli shm ent was c onduct ed with the regul a rity of a religiou s frat ernity rath er th an lik e a n n ea n e e n milit a ry h ou seh old . G ambli g a d sw ri g w r u no n and s n a e o of an a e was o se e k w , i gul r d c rum l gu g b rv d , s n e o s no e o s sen e e to ea n oo whil t um r u bl y uth , t th r l r g d

274 THE C ON DOT TI E RI

e te o s and n t d x r u o l a zy . During the exerci ses ev eryone wa s ee to s eak to the o and he e a ne not fr p l rd , r m i d less for t s than for an n hi ythi g e l se . Wh en it wa s a bout supp er tim e he turned to th ose young men a nd told them to e n s put th ir thi g on a ga in. Returned to the h ou se he had s e in the s a e a s on a s ea t H upp r m f hi br kfa s . e st ayed some tim e to see if anyone wish e d to sp ea k to e e wa s no one he en to hi s him , if th r w t room with hi s princip a l lord s a nd gentlemen a nd sp ok e to the m fa m i he o s — il arl . o et es a t o e T o o o y S m im w uld y th m , m rr w y ou should get up ea rly and go to wa lk i n the fresh morn in ou are o n and s ee eas ou s o sa ou g ; y y u g l p ily, y h uld y y o e ou o o n — o e n d n o e n . will c m , but y will thi g g d v i g et o C rneo a es ent in en e a a ns he Pi r y , r id V ic , g i t which was n s ea s of s in no n hi s ea ﬁghti g, p k him thu tici g d th He wa s gift ed with all virtues b eyond a ll oth er mort a l s for he was a man of ons a e en e in hi s c umm t prud c , truthful s o se eo s in hi s en s o ent in hi s di c ur , right u judgm t , pr vid o se s ons o s for hi s o st n s e for the c un l , c picu u w rth , di i gui h d n o r of hi s o a s e a of hi s a t es os u if rm pu ity m r l , lib r l ch ri i m t e o en of n e e en e e ons a e s e l qu t , u pr c d t d quity , c umm t ju tic , s n a s n e s e a n s o e a ea rne i gul r i c rity, up rhum wi d m ; qu lly l d in e e a n of s a en n e e e ses os v ry br ch tudy , p ti t u d r r v r , m t He mode ra t e i n prosp erity ; the brav est of genera l s . wa s os ea ins a a e s in a s a es in s en m t r dy tr t g m , mbu c d , udd a ssa s in a se at a s in a n new o o n es ult , f l t ck , m ki g pp rtu iti a nd o n e in n the ene i n se e n pr ﬁti g by th m , tiri g my, l cti g a nd o n a e s in the a rt of s e e in the use of f rtifyi g qu rt r , i g , H os e e a e ea ea e a e . i s a nne s e e rtill ry m r w r m t t mp r t , p c bl , o es s ee a nd a a e nor he e e let se m d t , w t , ff bl , did v r him lf b n An his s s e a e a a a e . d o e of o he c rri d w y by g r ldi r , wh m oo es e a a e o e and es e e a n the t k p ci l c r , l v d r p ct d him , h vi g

ea es s in e a a n a nd s is a oo f n gr t t tru t th ir c pt i , thi g d ou da n f T h tio or victory . e peculia r qua lity of his mind wa s T HE CON DOTTI ERI 2 75

n es ona a s o se a n e of oo a a u qu ti bly th t trict b rv c g d f ith ,

o a a sen e of i s the a a a a e s t t l b c which f t l ch r ct ri tic, the n f hi s a e H n indelible st a i o g . e ever failed in k eep n i S n “ i h s o ses . o e e o H g pr mi v ry e testiﬁes . e wa s 3 2

. yea rs a nd m ore i n the se rvice of Ki ngs Alfonso a nd e nan a nd he not on e a in n s F rdi d , ly k pt f ith thi g which

e e en o n a so in ose to hi s s e w r writt d w , but l th which impl n word bound him . At o e time wh en hi s engagem ent wa s n s e the ene ans no n s sen an a a ﬁ i h d V ti , k wi g thi , t mb s s a o en he wa s in a e een o a a nd a en a d r wh c mp b tw Im l F z , a nd the o s sa es of the ea e e e e e of hi s c mmi ri l gu w r th r , a es the n of the ate of an a nd of the M j ty Ki g, St Mil ,

a n h Florentines . H vi g com e to t e duk e and expl ained the eason of hi s e ass the e e e a t he s o r mb y, duk r pli d th h uld prefer to h a ve wh at he ha d to say s a id in the presence of the o s sa es of the ea e a a o hi s c mmi ri l gu , th t lth ugh e a wa s n s e as he sa hi s s e a ne f rm fi i h d id , duty till r m i d , a n h w T h a a ssa o d e a s b ound to hi s m a j esty . e mb d r e e o e e a e to e a a nd o e a e e o th r f r d p rt d C rvi , wr t him l tt r fr m en e o e n a s in e of war and th c ff ri g him duc t tim , en the e e a e he in time of pea ce . Wh l tt r rriv d o not ea sen to the o ssa es and w uld r d it , but t it c mmi ri did not ans e a n to the a a ssa o and the com w r it , h vi g ld mb d r mi ssaries th a t he wi sh ed to be in the service of the King a s he had een to a e a n nstan e of hi s abso b up th t tim , i c lut e loya lty in ch oosing to ob serve not only wh a t he wa s ” o e a so a he had no o a on to do . blig d , but l th t which blig ti He commi ssioned c ert ain persons call ed revi sor s to e a a e the a e a nd n es a e the on on of p r mbul t St t , i v tig t c diti the eo n o e to e p ple . Amo g m a tt er s sp eci a lly c mmitt d th m were the following : T o inquire into the requirem ent s of religi ou s hou ses : to a scert a in wh ere m aidens of good reputation were una bl e from poverty to obt a in hu sbands : t o inform them selves secretly a s to mod est p a upers : to 276 T H E ‘ CON D OT TI E RI l ea rn wh a t tra der s or s h opk eep ers w ere di stressed by a e a es e s or a n a a v sa ent e . I l rg f mili , d bt , y p rticul r mi d ur n o e to se e ef en to s ar a e es ona e rd r cur fici cy thi ch it bl pi g , th e se officers were privileged to p a ss at all times int o the ’ so e ei n s esen e a nd i s sa a a o e or oo v r g pr c , it id th t p rt r gr m of the a e who had e en e one of ch mb r , rud ly d i d th em a es s wa s s a n s e i a n . cc , umm rily pu i h d with publ c whippi g N or he s o e e : in his a es and a s and in did t p h r d ily rid w lk , “ ” the a no di e a o he se to hi s eo e Pi M rc t , u d mix with p pl , a n one a nd a no e the arm or n hi s a n t ki g th r by , putti g h d on theirs houlders a s n es ons of one o n , ki g qu ti , j ki g with a no e a nd en he en o the and all th r , wh w t thr ugh city ee e he a ns e e the s a e of a ll so a gr t d him , w r d lut ; th t Ott avi a no Uba ldini wa s a ccu st om ed to say t o a v ery “ ’ s ma n You a e mo e to do a n e e s bu y , h v r th Fr d rick ” ' He se out of the wa to o ose b errett a . put him lf y c mp a e s all o er hi s o n ons a nd o ne i n the qu rr l , v d mi i , j i d es a s of hi s s e s a n se to a a e ro f tiv l ubj ct , ddi g him lf m rri g p ess ons a nd so on a s n es ons of ose he met s c i , ki g qu ti th uch “ a s Wh ere i s your broth er ! H ave y ou y et t ak en a ” ” wife ! How i s bu sines s ! He a lway s di slik ed a ny one in hi s esen e sa n e of a n one n n a pr c y i g vil y , thi ki g it n a a ine he s e o n e o ee n . vil pr c di g Duri g f m di tribut d c r , e e o e or at a low e a nd s a a e a s a ith r by rd r pric , id ft rw rd th t he not n os n one o e wa s eno to did mi d l i g m y v r it , it ugh h a ve saved hi s people from fa mine . He n o e se e a o e s n o no the e en i tr duc d v r l rd r i t Urbi , br thr of the s se a n a of on e e o the es s a nd O rv z , M t Oliv t , J uit “ o e s for the ns on of hi s eo e a nd to a for th r , i tructi p pl pr y ” o him . And i n G ubbi o built the m ona st e ry of the H ly T . he on e na n n sno e Spirit m a st ry of S . B er rdi o bei g w d up one wi nter the m onk s ra ng the b ell furiou sly as th ey had no n to e a T h thi g t . e people of Urbi no th ought a t

s a e e e n n for a es a ﬁr t th t th y w r ri gi g it f tiv l , but a fter

278 T HE CON D OTT I E RI

Pon e o o nea the Furlo o e the et a s . t M r , r , v r M uru R estora tion of anoth e r bridge ove r the M et auru s nea r n T h F ermig ano. e ca thedra l at Urbino which he b egan a nd spent th ou sa nd s of ﬂorins over ; at hi s d eath he left to i a a no the a s of e n to n H S gnor Ott vi t k h lpi g ﬁ i sh it . e

“ i r ih ona s e of a a f h n U b o a . o t e o e built m t ry S Chi r , rd r of F oligno : the religi ou s are wa lled up and their k eep H ing i s a v ery expensive bu siness . e est abli sh ed the es s i n no and s en an n e s of a s J uit Urbi , p t m y hu dr d duc t H h e a e t e e u a anons of . a a o ii pon th em . pl c d r g l r c S S lv d r H h a a no. e a e t e i n the ona s e of . m t ry S Ag t , Urbi g v a b e of C a a t o the a s of on e e o he b y if fri r M t Oliv t , which

‘ H in m eant th a t th ey sh ould restore with hi s h elp . e left ona s o hi s will th a t the church a nd conv ent of S . D t o h uld be e a a n s a n on en o ts e no e e he r built , Fr ci c c v t u id Urbi wh r n T he a sa of a st e a e . m eant to h ave b een buried . C C l Dur t T h o T he a of the sa e a o t es o n . e a p rk m , b u 5 mil r u d R cc

of e o a a e ﬁne and e na e n . P rg l , v ry impr g bl buildi g ’

T he a sa of a . Rocc a of the S erra di S a nt Abund a . C C gli f n n e e a ea a o a of a . o a o a a o R cc C gli R cc C zi , wh r gr t w ll w n t n ea se the ﬂa t o n was as comm e ced o i cr gr u d , which in a sa of o . o ess unﬁni sh ed at hi s d eath . C Gubbi A f rtr

os a a o and the es o a on of the o n a n of . C t cci r , r t r ti f u t i S ano in o on he s en o e an 1 00 G iuli Gubbi , up which p t m r th ” t it be sa of a he ne so ﬂorins . Well migh id him th t k w much a bout a rchit ecture th at one would supp ose it was hi s princip a l bu siness !

But if hi s expenditure wa s la rge so wa s hi s incom e . During 34 yea rs he drew continuou s pay from som e In 1 hi s wa r a o foreign p owe r or adventurer . 4 53 p y fr m onso of a es e ee e ats a on and Alf N pl xc d d duc m th , for m a ny yea rs he had from him and hi s son a n a nnu a l ea e ens on of a s i n e e an e of p c p i duc t , r m mbr c hi s a s se es th . e ose of hi s e en a a p t rvic At cl lif , wh c pt in TH E COND OTTI ERI 2 79

of the a a n ea e he e in war genera l It li l gu , dr w

— duc a t s of annua l stip end (providing 600 men at - a rm s a nd 62 n an e n hi s own s a e : in ea e he 5 i f try) , b i g h r p c

o e 00 men— a t - a s a nd oo so e s a nd pr vid d 3 rm 375 f t ldi r . I receiv ed duca t s . n the event of hi s dea th hi s son a nd hi s oo s e e to o e e the s a e e o tr p w r c mpl t tipul t d p ri d, n s with duc a t s of perso a l pay . Of th e e v ast sums a conside ra ble porti on went a mong hi s h a rdy m oun~ taineers who e e the s en h of hi s a n s a s e a s , w r tr gt b d , w ll n e and er ui ti plu d r p q si es .

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