Résumé EIES Abattoir Yaoundé 05 Octobre2017 BAD.Docx

AFRICAN DEVELOPMENT BANK GROUP

PROJECT : LIVESTOCK AND FISH FARMING VALUE CHAIN DEVELOPMENT PROJECT (PD-CVEP) - CONSTRUCTION OF A SLAUGHTERHOUSE IN YAOUNDÉ

COUNTRY : Cameroon

ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT (ESIA) SUMMARY

Team lead B. Boulanouar Livestock specialist AHAI.2 2721 A. Nyaga Rural Development Specialist RDGC.2 6815 J. M. Meng-Lihinag Agricultural Economist RDGS.2 3968 J. L. Kromer Natural Resources Management Specialist ECNR 3331 L. Garba Environmentalist AHAI.2 1990 B. Sambe Financial Inclusion Consultant PIFD.1 5310 Team J. Bissakonou Social Development and Gender Specialist RDGC.2 6807 Members: C. L. Djeufo Procurement Specialist COCM 6809 N. Thioye-Diallo Financial Management Specialist COCM 6833 D. Kirabo Financial Analyst RDGW.2 2478 Appraisal Paul Bisso Civil Engineering Consultant COCM - Team N. Korie Entrepreneurship Consultant AHAI.0 5485

Acting Division A. Eyeghe RDGC.2 2253 Manager Sector M. FREGENE AHAI 2042 Manager Sector M. Traore (OIC) ECNR 3308 Manager Regional Director O. Dore RDGC 4902 General Deputy Director R. Kane RDGC 4440 General Country S. Kone COCM 6800 Manager

ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT (ESIA) SUMMARY

Project: Livestock and Fish Farming Value Chain Project No: P-CM-AAE-003 Development Project (PD-CVEP) - Construction of Modern Pig Slaughterhouse in Yaoundé 7 (Minkoameyos).

Country : Cameroon Department: AHAI1: Category: 1

1. Introduction

This document is a summary of the Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) framework of the Livestock and Fish Farming Value Chain Development Project (PD-CVEP), particularly its construction activity of a 200-head/day modern pig slaughterhouse in Yaoundé, precisely at a location called Minkoameyos in the Yaoundé 7 Sub-division.

In compliance with the African Development Bank (AfDB) Group’s Integrated Safeguards System (ISS) and national requirements, this project category is subject to the prior completion of an environmental and social impact assessment. This summary has been prepared in accordance with AfDB environmental and social assessment guidelines and procedures for projects in this category.

The project description and rationale are first presented, followed by the legal and administrative framework in Cameroon. A brief description is made of components of the project area’s main physical, biological and human conditions. Project alternatives allow for addressing non-project situations; followed by the most significant positive and negative impacts on the bio-physical and human (socio-economic) environments.

Then, the proposed improvement and mitigation measures to increase benefits and/or to prevent, minimize, mitigate or compensate for the negative impacts as well as the monitoring programme are presented. Public consultations held are presented and in the end a conclusion is made.

2. Project Description and Rationale

2.1 Project Rationale

The livestock and fisheries sub-sector is one of the foundations of rural development in Cameroon because of a rich productive base and great agro-ecological diversity. The cattle herd is estimated at 5,805,297 head; that of sheep and goats at 2,952,624 and 6,298,059 head respectively. As for the pig herd, it is estimated at 3,112,973 head.

Although these performances are certainly appreciable, they do not allow for the achievement of production levels necessary for obtaining targeted growth rates because of numerous persistent constraints. Indeed, the sub-sector suffers from lack of slaughtering, conservation and marketing infrastructure. When they do exist, they are old and date back to the 80s. The proliferation of illegal slaughter (60% for cattle, 90% for pigs and 80% for sheep) and the precarious conditions of product packaging, transportation, distribution and storage constitute a major public health concern and undermine the profitability of established public infrastructure. To reverse this trend, the State of Cameroon through MINEPIA has initiated the "Livestock and Fish Farming Value Chain Development Project (PD-CVEP)." The construction and equipment of four (4) slaughterhouses and ancillary structures, including that of Yaoundé, constitute the first activity of this project’s "Development of infrastructure necessary for upgrading the sectors” component. 2

2.2 Project Objectives

The project contributes to the achievement of sector objectives contained in the Rural Sector Development Strategy (SRDS), particularly Pillars 2 and 3, which raim to improve the sectors’ productivity and competitiveness and modernise infrastructure and agricultural production in rural areas.

The PD-CVEP project's specific objectives are to: increase the volume of meat and fish production, as well as the incomes of those involved in the value chain by modernizing slaughter and conservation infrastructure and building the capacities of beef, pork and fish sector actors. This project is therefore designed to remove constraints that prevent the attainment of production levels necessary for achieving targeted growth rates (9.3% per year).

1.3 Project Description

The project activity that is the subject of this study falls under its "Infrastructure development to upgrade the sectors" component, which provides for the construction and equipment of four (4) slaughterhouses and related facilities, including the one in Yaoundé.

The proposed infrastructure to be built on an area of 7 ha 53 to 53 ca in Minkoameyos in the Yaoundé 7 Sub-division, Mfoundi Division, in the Centre Region will include:

▪ A slaughterhouse comprising the following main equipment: - Pork line - Refrigerator block rails - Slaughterhouse refrigeration equipment - Tripe and oval shop - Vehicles and small equipment - Cutting equipment - Cutlery - Other equipment - Special equipment - Assembly and assistance - Hog yard

▪ A waste treatment unit - Waste treatment plant - Blood collection and treatment facility ▪ An administrative building ▪ A borehole with solar unit ▪ A guard house 3

Spatial distribution of different infrastructure components 1.4 Location of Project Site

The slaughterhouse construction site is located in the Centre Region, Mfoundi Division, Yaoundé 7 Sub-division, specifically in Minkoameyos village. This site has an area of 7 ha 53 by 53 ca.

Geographically, Yaoundé is located between latitudes 3° 45’ and 4° 00' north and longitudes 11° 00’ and 11° 30' east. The project site is located between longitudes 11°25' and 37.01' east and latitudes 3° 51' and 56.66' north.

Location Map of the Project Site

3. Strategic, Legal and Administrative Framework

3.1. Applicable National Regulatory Texts

Following the adoption of the National Environmental Management Plan (PNGE) in March 1996, Law 96/12 of 5 August 1996 on the Environmental Management Framework Law established the general legal framework for the management of the environment and ESIAs in Cameroon. Among the implementing texts of this law, there is Decree No. 2013/0171/PM of 14 February 2013 to lay down procedures for carrying out environmental and social impact studies and Order No. 00001/MINEPDED of 8 February 2016 to outline the different categories of operations, which, to be carried out, require a strategic environmental assessment or an environmental and social impact study. The latter stipulates that slaughterhouse projects of about 200 head per day must be subjected to a detailed environmental and social impact study.

Other laws and texts applicable to activities of the slaughterhouse construction and operation project are:

• Law No. 2000/017 of 19 December 2000 to regulate veterinary health inspection and its annex (list of zoonoses and diseases transmissible to humans according to the OIE);

• Decree No. 75/527 of 16 July 1975 to regulate farming establishments and animal industries;

• Law No. 98/005 of 14 April 1998 on the Water Regime; 5

• Law No. 98/015 of 14 July 1998 on establishments classified as dangerous, unhealthy or inconvenient and its Enabling Decree No. 99/818/PM of 9 November 1999;

• Decree No. 99/81/PM of 9 November 1999 to lay down procedures for establishing and operating establishments classified as dangerous, unhealthy or inconvenient;

• Law No. 1985-09 of 4 July 1985 on expropriation for public purposes and compensation procedures;

• Law No. 92/007 of 14 August 1992 on the Labour Code aims to protect workers’ health and safety, guarantee a minimum wage and regulate working conditions in order to make them fair and equitable;

• Law No. 64/Lf23 of 13 November 1964 on public health protection.

3.2 Institutional Framework

The main institutions involved in the project are:

• The Ministry of the Environment, Nature Conservation and Sustainable Development (MINEPDED), which is responsible for the development and implementation of the Government's environmental and nature protection policy. It is responsible for the approval of ESIAs and benefits in this exercise from the assistance of the Inter-ministerial Environmental Committee (CIE), whose recommendations are taken into account in the validation process for the issuance of certificates of environmental compliance. At the local level, MINEPDED’s decentralized services, especially the “Centre Regional” and Mfoundi Divisional Delegations will be involved in monitoring the implementation of environmental and social management plans jointly with the other concerned sector administrations as part of the ESMP Divisional Monitoring Committee;

• The Ministry of Livestock, Fisheries and Animal Industries (MINEPIA) is responsible for the implementation and assessment of the state’s livestock and fisheries policy, and the harmonious development of animal industries. In addition, it is the contracting authority of this project and will fulfil its mission through the Project Execution Agency. At the central level, MINEPIA’s Department of Production Development and Animal Industries (DDPIA) will provide linkage to the project. Management will be strengthened by a Project Management Unit (PMU). As part of its sovereign monitoring missions, MINEPIA will support MINEPDED in monitoring the implementation of ESMP measures;

• The Ministry of Industry, Mines and Technological Development (MINIMIDT) is responsible for monitoring the implementation of the provisions of Law No. 98/015 of 14 July 1998 on establishments classified as dangerous, inconvenient and unhealthy. Indeed, the nomenclature of dangerous, unhealthy or inconvenient establishments classifies modern slaughterhouses as first-class establishments whose operators are required, before opening, to carry out a hazard study and an emergency plan, in addition to the ESIA. Beyond this obligation, the operator is also required to test various pressure and steam equipment according to a periodicity prescribed by the regulations in force;

• The Ministry of Water and Energy (MINEE) is responsible for developing and monitoring the Government's energy and water resources policy. As such, MINEE ensures compliance with provisions of Law No. 98/005 of 14 April 1998 governing the water regime with regard to discharges of pollutants into surface water. Its devolved services should ensure the proper management of water resources by ensuring compliance with provisions related to authorizations for the abstraction of surface water or groundwater, the quality of water withdrawn for industrial purposes, authorizations for discharge, regular payment of the sanitation tax and traceability of liquid waste management;

• The Animal Production Development and Exploitation Company (SODEPA) is primarily in charge of production at national scale of derived products for use in agriculture, cosmetics, etc. through its slaughterhouses. They are placed under the administrative and technical supervision of the Ministry of Livestock and Fisheries (MINEPIA) and are responsible for administering, operating and developing animal production for slaughterhouses and associated facilities (cold stores, workshops for packaging of products intended for consumption and industry);

• The Ministry of State Property and Land Affairs (MINDCAF) is responsible for the development and implementation of the Government's property and land policy. In the project-specific context, it is in charge of compliance with provisions of Order No. 000662/MINDCAF/SG/D1/D14/D142 of 11 July 2016 to declare as public utility works to secure the site to host the slaughter infrastructure in Minkoameyos, Yaoundé 7 Sub-division.

3.3 African Development Bank's Safeguard Policies (AfDB) Applicable in the Context of this Project

• The integrated safeguard system (ISS) through these five operational safeguards (OS):

✓ Operational Safeguard 1- Environmental Assessment: This operational safeguard is triggered by the fact that it is an investment project subject to de facto environmental and social assessment;

✓ Operational Safeguard 2- Involuntary Resettlement: This operational safeguard is triggered by the fact that the project will lead to economic relocation (without physical displacement of people);

✓ Operational Safeguard 3 - Biodiversity, Renewable Resources and Ecosystem

o Services: This operational safeguard is not triggered by the fact that the project will not affect areas with high potential for biodiversity or ecosystem services;

✓ Operational Safeguard 4 - Pollution Prevention and Control, Hazardous Materials and Efficient Resource Use: This operational safeguard is triggered by the existence of the risk of pollution and other nuisances during the works.

✓ Operational Safeguard 5 ‑ Working Conditions, Health and Security: This operational safeguard is triggered by the existence of risks to the health and safety of workers when carrying out site operation works.

Other relevant policies and guidelines remain applicable as soon as they are triggered under the ISS. These are mainly:

• Bank Policy on Gender (2001);

• Framework for Enhanced Engagement with Civil Society Organizations (2012);

• Policy on Disclosure and Access to Information (2012);

• Handbook on Stakeholder Consultation and Participation in AfDB Operations (2001)

• Environmental and Social Assessment Procedures for Bank Operations (2015).

3.4 Other International Instruments

Cameroon has signed and ratified several international and regional conventions in this regard. The most relevant for this project are: (i) African Convention on the Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (1968) ratified by Cameroon in 1977; (ii) Stockholm Convention (2001) on Persistent Organic Pollutants signed by Cameroon on 5 October 2001; (iii) Rio de Janeiro Convention (1992) on Biological Diversity (CBD); (iv) Kyoto Protocol on Greenhouse Gas Emissions (Kyoto, 1997) aimed at reducing greenhouse gas emissions

4 Description of Project Environment

4.1 Definition of Study Area

In terms of space, two areas are likely to be influenced by the project: the direct area of influence and the indirect project area.

The direct are of influence encompasses the project site and its surrounding area comprising Minkoameyos village, which is directly affected by potential nuisance from the operation of the slaughterhouse. The area of indirect influence corresponds to what can be perceived as the fallout of this facility, that is, Yaoundé and its environs.

4.2 Main Physical Parameters

Climate: The Yaoundé area is surrounded by several hills that are said to be responsible for its particular climate. This climate is of equatorial type with four seasons, two of which are rainy and two others dry. The annual rainfall varies between 1,650 and 1,600 mm. The average temperature is 24°C with peaks at 31°C and lows at around 16°C.

Relief: The area of Yaoundé 7 is located on a vast contrasting terrain characterized by high plateaus staggered between 700 and 800 meters above sea level, crowned by mountains with rounded forms (rising to between 1,000 and 1,200 meters above sea level). From these types of landscape, two large areas emerge, namely: non-constructible areas that include, on the one hand, areas with slight slopes (less than 5%) with generally flood-prone valley bottoms and areas of steep slope that are the permanent seats of erosion and landslides. Areas that can be built on or urbanized are slopes

8 with gradients of between 5 and 15%. This is the case of the project site, which is located in a low sloppy area that can be urbanised.

Soils and Pedology: The soils are brown -- mostly ferralitic and lateritic in places -- with a very differentiated horizon. The distinction is generally made from top to bottom of: the superficial (dark) horizon and the brown horizon more or less depleted by leaching. Three major types of soils are encountered from the hills downwards towards the plains, namely: firm (non-swampy) soils; hydromorphic soils (waterlogged) in marshy areas and ferralitic soils. Hydromorphic soils are found in valley bottoms or major rivers beds with imperfect drainage, resulting in flooding during the rainy season.

Hydrography: The hydrographic network of the Yaoundé area is quite dense with a very large number of small streams, most of which flow into the Mfoundi. They include among others: the Ebogo, Djoungolo, Ewoue, Mingoa, Olézoa, Ntugu, Abiergue, Ekozoa, Odza, Tongwala and Akeese. These streams receive pollutants, liquid and solid waste, and even sludge. The Yaoundé 7 river system is especially dominated by River Mefou. The river bed runs quite close to the project site, although it is River Bikobo'o, one of its backwaters, that crosses the site downstream.

Groundwater Quality: Groundwater in the Yaoundé 7 area is generally acidic. Indeed, 90% of all samples have a pH of less than 6.5 with a minimum pH of 4.6. The median nitrate concentration in groundwater exceeds the WHO-recommended 50 mg/l limit. This means that more than half of the sampled water points should not be used for drinking water supply. The analysis of groundwater and surface water samples carried out in 2012 as part of the surface and groundwater pollution study in Yaoundé and its impact on the health of the local population already revealed that these samples had high faecal contamination indicators.

Surface Water Quality: A physico-chemical analysis on a sample from Bikobo’o River located downstream of the site, which will receive effluent from the slaughterhouse, was conducted by the laboratory of the University of Yaoundé 1. According to Degremont’s classification (Memento Technique de l'eau, Volume 1), the water in this river is ranked Class 1B, that is, of a slightly lower quality. These waters can however be satisfactorily used in such cases as: industrial use, drinking water production after a simple treatment and fish farming.

Air Quality: Natural air is a complex mixture composed mainly of nitrogen (78%) and oxygen (21%). Air quality is generally good in the study area. The main sources of air pollution identified are ad hoc and temporary. They mainly include bushfires and vehicle traffic on the access road to the village.

4.3 Main Biological Parameters

Vegetation: Yaoundé city and its surroundings are characterized by the preponderance of degraded semi-deciduous forests containing relics of edaphic and anthropological savannahs. This vegetation has undergone significant degradation as a result of human activity, including urbanization and urban agriculture. In the swampy lowlands, vegetation is made mainly of raffia palm groves, including Raphia hoockeri and Raphia nonboutoum. The project site flora is essentially made of grasses with no floristic benefits.

Wildlife: It is very impoverished because of urbanization and agriculture. Although animals are rare, small rodents such as the Gambian rat, giant rat, grasscutter, squirrel, some batrachian and fish in swamps are very often observed.

Sensitive Habitat: The area is marshy along the Mefou and its tributaries, with swampy raffia forests. The downstream part of the slaughterhouse site is also crossed by the Mefou backwaters (Bikobo'o). These wetlands create ecologically sensitive habitats. The forests found in the hills around Yaoundé are currently the only primary forest clusters in most of the Centre Region. Their location on the tops of rocky escarpments and the absence of suitable agricultural soils have fostered their maintenance and some conservation for most summits. These forests constitute a special habitat for flora and birds.

4.4 Main Socio-economic Parameters

Demography: According to statistics of the general population and housing census (RGPH, 2005), Yaoundé city has 1,817,524 inhabitants, making it the second most populous city in the country after Douala. The same statistics indicate that the Yaoundé 7 Sub-division’s population stands at 250,971 inhabitants, including 136,301 men and 132,670 women of all age groups. Minkoameyos village, which will host the slaughterhouse facilities, is a semi-rural area with low urbanization and a relatively low population density. According to field investigations, the village has about 5,000 inhabitants.

Although the village was formerly occupied by the indigenous Betis, composed mainly of Ewondos and Etons, the gradual extension of Yaoundé city has led to ethnic diversification. Today, in order of numerical importance, the Ewondos, Bamilekes, Bassas, Bamouns, natives of the grand north (Hausas, Fulbes, etc.), Bulus, etc. are ethnic groups living in perfect harmony.

Political and Administrative Organization of the Region: Mfoundi Division is headed by a Senior Divisional Officer represented in each of the 7 Sub-divisions by a Divisional Officer. Each Sub-division is broken down into a district/village administered by a district/village head, who are represented at block level, by block chiefs. According to this organization, Minkoameyos village is composed of 6 main blocks namely: Usine des eaux, Ayene, Famassi, Plateau, Minloa and IRAD. Organizationally, the chieftaincy is led by a chief assisted by elders who generally represent the village's main families. The Council of Elders is the decision-making body that commits the village after consultation with the population. It is also competent to manage social conflicts that may occur in the village. The appointment of the chief takes place within the royal family and is hereditary.

Land Ownership and Access to Land: Ethnically and traditionally, the land originally belonged to native Ewondos. The distribution of land between descendants is the responsibility of the family head or clan representative, who is responsible for managing the family's land assets. The procurement of a land parcel is most often done by purchase. After negotiation by mutual agreement between parties, the village chief assisted by a commission constituted of administrative and traditional authorities in the area, approve in a statement, the deed of sale of the parcel after verification of the limits on the ground. After this approval, the dossier is forwarded to the competent authorities, in accordance with the procedures provided for by the law, for the establishment of a land title to the parcel.

Health: Yaoundé city is sufficiently endowed with hospitals; however, the quality of care in these different health facilities needs to be improved. Yaoundé 7 Sub-division has an integrated health centre and several private health centres. Most people in that part of the city have no problem getting to hospitals. Minkoameyos village has specifically just benefited from a district medical centre, which was officially opened in early August 2017. The epidemiological situation is characterized by a reported prevalence for malaria and diarrhoeal diseases.

Education: Yaoundé 7 Sub-division is provided with both public and private schools. Minkoameyos village in particular has 2 public and 5 private kindergartens, and 2 public and 4 10 private primary schools. As for secondary schools, the village is served by only 3 private secondary schools. At the Sub-divisional level, the presence of the following public secondary schools is noteworthy: Government Technical High School Nkolbisson, Government High School Nkolbisson and Government High School Ekorozock. The Sub-division also hosts research centres such as IITA (International Institute of Tropical Agriculture), IRAD (Research Institute for Agriculture and Development) and CRESA (Regional Centre for Specialized Agriculture), which make the project area a crucible of knowledge.

Access to Drinking Water: Proximity to the water factory of the national water production company (CDE) has unfortunately not favoured access to drinking water for the Minkoameyos village population. Indeed, most of the population gets their supplies from boreholes, the number of which does not satisfy the demand. Mefou River and its tributaries are also used by the village people for performing common chores (laundry, dishes, etc.). Field investigations reveal that 5% of the village population is connected to the CDE, 60% gets supplies from public boreholes, 15% from wells and 20% from boreholes for personal use.

Electricity: Yaoundé city is supplied by the Edea hydroelectric dam. The energy situation has improved since 2007, resulting in the abandonment of load shedding policies by the electricity distribution company (ENEO). The survey carried out in the Minkoameyos village confirms the stability of power supply in that part of the city and almost all houses are connected to the ENEO network.

Communications: Four main telephone operators serve the city of Yaoundé, namely: CAMTEL, MTN, Orange and NEXTTEL. In terms of audio-visual communication, the main operators are CRTV, Canal 2, STV, Equinoxe TV and Vision 4. A multitude of public and private radio stations broadcasting from Yaoundé and Douala covers the area. With regard to roads, the main artery serving the project area is the Mokolo-MEC-Nkolbisson road, which is entirely paved. Between the Nkolbisson crossroads and Minkoameyos village, the road is paved with bitumen although degraded in places. This is the old road that used to connect Yaoundé and Douala. It is in a sorry state today for lack of maintenance. As for the access road to the project site, it is an earth road that is difficult to ply in the rainy season due to the clayey nature of its surface layer.

Agriculture: The main agricultural products of the population, which is sometimes grouped in common initiative groups (CIGs), are the cassava (Manihot esculenta), maize (Zea mays subsp. Mays), plantain (Musa paradisiaca), sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas), tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) and cocoa (Theobroma). This production is however difficult to assess given the large number of small, isolated producers who practice this activity generally to meet basic family needs.

Livestock and fisheries: pig breeding has grown significantly and a keen interest has developed for it in Yaoundé 7 Sub-division. Indeed, figures by the MINEPIA Divisional Delegation for the Mfoundi dating from August 2017 show a herd of about 600 head held by a total of 31 individuals and 3 CIGs. The main neighbourhoods in the Sub-division that host these initiatives are: "Dagobert," Afame Nord and Karamba. The future construction of a modern slaughterhouse for pigs in Minkoameyos will help boost this sector and further professionalize it. Poultry farming is widely practised, although on a small scale, for the subsistence needs of families and to a lesser extent for supplementary income.

The area’s hydrography, which is dominated by the Mefou, has fostered the practice of fishing although it remains marginal.

Trade: Trade is one of the most popular activities in the project area and the focal point is the Carrefour Nkolbisson where most of the commercial facilities are located. There are small restaurants, counters for the sale of fish and fresh meat, licensed drinking establishments, stands for the sale of cigarettes and fresh food, etc.

Industry: Economically speaking, Yaoundé 7 Sub-division is endowed with: the CAMWATER water plant, the ENEO transformer station, the Hydrology and Geology Centre, the Yaoundé City Council’s wastewater treatment plant, petroleum product distribution stations, a NOSA soap factory warehouse, etc.

5 Project Alternatives

5.1 Situation Without Project

The situation without a project consists in maintaining the livestock industry in its current state of precariousness. Indeed, this sub-sector is experiencing a lack of slaughtering, conservation (cold chain) and marketing infrastructure for livestock and fish products. Where they do exist, they are old and not very operational. The spread of illegal slaughtering (90% for pigs) and the precarious conditions of product packaging, transportation, distribution and storage are a major public health concern and undermine the profitability of public facilities established. The situation without this project would also confirm the poor state of genetic performance of pig breeds manifested by very slow growth, low average carcass weight or low fertility.

5.2 Situation with Project

The alternative is the situation with a project that aims to increase the volume of meat production, as well as incomes of actors intervening in the value chain by modernising slaughtering and conservation facilities and capacity building. This alternative would thus remove constraints that prevent the attainment of production levels necessary to achieve targeted growth rates (9.3% per year). This can be achieved by focusing on links that limit the proper functioning of the beef, pork and fish value chains, through genetic enhancement, improving meat slaughtering, preservation and distribution conditions and technical and logistical capacity building to support the public services involved in the three sectors concerned.

5.3 Choice of Site

The choice of the site to host this type of infrastructure depends on a number of parameters among which are: (i) the low population density, with the possibility of further extension and which may limit the risks of conflicts resulting from cohabitation between site activities and living areas; (ii) the elevated location in relation to surrounding areas to facilitate the discharge of wastewater to a treatment plant and prevent stagnation; (iii) proximity to major markets and highways: The proximity of Minkoameyos village to the Melen, Mokolo, Mendong or even the "8th" markets can justify this choice for the project's implementation. Besides, Minkoameyos village is not far from the route of the Douala - Yaoundé expressway under construction. This choice thus responds to major purely economic considerations in terms of supplying the large market of Douala and even the sub-region.

6 Potential Impacts, Mitigation and Enhancement Measures

➢ Summary of Positive Construction Phase Impacts

Employment: The construction phase will require the employment of labour from the project area. Indeed, service providers will have to recruit about one hundred labourers for work on the construction site. These employment opportunities for Minkoameyos village youths will help improve their purchasing power and living conditions. This favourable context will also generate hundreds of indirect jobs through the development of small activities around the site (catering, transportation, housing, etc.).

Economic Environment: Infrastructure construction works will positively impact the economic environment in the sense that trade will increase. The commencement of infrastructure construction works, as well as the reconstruction of the road leading to it, will result in the densification of economic flows into the village and contribute to its development and the acceleration of its urbanization.

➢ Summary of Positive Impacts During the Operations Phase

Reduction of Soil, Surface and Groundwater Pollution: Operationalising the slaughterhouse will reduce soil, surface water and groundwater pollution in small-scale slaughter sites. Although this form of slaughter creates hundreds of jobs, it is carried out under totally insalubrious conditions devoid of sanitation. Rivers that cross its zones are all fed with waste from this activity, which constitutes a source of pollution and degradation for the living environment of the population that is settled in these areas.

Employment and Income for the Population: Operating the projected infrastructure will require the hiring of staff with various profiles. Indeed, in addition to the general positions (guard, custodian, etc.), the slaughterhouse will need veterinarians, laboratory technicians, electricians, refrigeration specialists, etc.).

Improving the Population’s Health: Improving the conditions for slaughtering, transporting and packaging meat will result in providing the market with products that comply with hygienic standards, thus limiting the risk of contamination/intoxication.

Capacity Building of Sector Actors. Modernising the slaughterhouse as well as slaughter and conservation conditions will be accompanied by a capacity building campaign for actors of the chain (breeders, butchers, illegal slaughterers, slaughterhouse staff) on topics such as: the valuation of slaughterhouse by-products and "waste," pig breeding techniques, etc.

➢ Summary of the Main Negative Impacts in the Construction Phases

Land Disputes: Although the project site is a portion of the private State domain, its procurement could be perceived as a potential source of conflict since the whole area is the subject of a dispute between local residents and the State through the Agricultural Research Institute for Development. The importance of this impact is considerably reduced by the fact that, on the one hand, the project site is bare and bereft of any investment, and on the other hand, a commission chaired by the Divisional Officer for Yaoundé 7 is undertaking mediation of this dispute, with among other measures for a definitive solution, the granting of part of the land to the population.

Social Climate: Infrastructure construction works are likely to generate social tensions related to the occurrence of events such as traffic accidents following the passage of machinery, lack of transparency in the recruitment process and/or low recruitment of young local residents, various spill-overs from poor waste management, noise pollution, etc. This high intensity impact strongly felt throughout the village was considered of high importance and the following measures should be considered: 13

Safety of Site Operators: The different infrastructure construction phase activities will not be devoid of risks. Indeed, the various site activities will present the risk of collision, tripping and falling, noise, electrocution or falling from a height. This impact is considered of medium significance.

Water and Soil Pollution: This is likely to occur on the site from accidental spills of fuels and lubricants used for machines and vehicles during preliminary works, construction and earthworks. These uncontrolled and accidental product spills are likely to run downstream and contaminate soils and surface waters.

➢ Summary of the Main Negative Impacts During the Exploitation Phase

Soil, surface and groundwater pollution that is inherent in liquid and solid wastes produced at various levels of the slaughterhouse production process. The functioning of administrative offices is a source of electronic waste in the same way as household waste. Mismanagement of this waste is likely to cause soil, surface water and groundwater contamination.

Loss of Employment for Small-scale Pig Slaughter Actors in the Main Sales Centres (Mvog- Ada and "8th" Markets): It emerged from consultation with these small-scale slaughter actors that they fear for their activities with the planned construction of a modern slaughterhouse. This is all the more so since SODEPA has set up a mobile slaughterhouse for small ruminants in the 8th market, although it is not yet functional. This implies that with the effective operation of these two facilities, the latter’s sources of income would be considerably reduced.

Risks of Traffic Accidents and Development of Insecurity in the Area: The development of slaughterhouse activity will have security risks, including increased traffic accidents on the access road due to increased traffic. The influx of people into the area (slaughterhouse employees, farmers, butchers, buyers, etc.) will lead to the development of organized crime.

Industrial Risks and Occupational Health: The proximity of slaughterhouse operators to animals will expose them to different zoonotic diseases that may affect their health. Similarly, the use of sharp tools and working from heights in the slaughterhouse production process, especially in the slaughter and evisceration areas, will expose operators to the risk of falling from heights and injuries.

Social Climate: The commissioning of slaughterhouses may eventually cause conflicts with the local population because of conflicts inherent in the spread of odours, possible waste mismanagement, traffic accidents due to increased traffic on access routes, noise emissions from stabling pens and cold storage facilities, or the development of water-borne diseases, etc. This is a high intensity impact that can be manifested throughout the project’s life.

➢ Cumulative Impacts

The lack of planned activities and projects in the project site’s immediate vicinity limits potential negative cumulative impacts. Impacts identified and proposed compensatory measures are therefore related to this project.

7 Mitigation/Enhancement Measures and Complementary Initiatives

7.1. Mitigation and Enhancement Measures

Proposed measures to mitigate negative impacts and optimize positive impacts as well as compensation measures are explained below:

Negative Impacts:

➢ Industrial Risks: In the interest of compliance with regulations and for better prevention and management of project activity risks during its various implementation phases, the project should ensure that a hazard study with an emergency plan are carried out beforehand.

➢ Soil and Surface Water Pollution, Congestion and Odour Nuisance: To mitigate this impact, it is planned (i) a mechanism to manage pig slurry; (ii) the implementation of procedures applicable in the event of oil spills; (iii) the installation of labelled waste collection bins by category (organic and non- biodegradable); (iv) the disposal of all special waste (paint, coatings, glues, solvents) by approved structures after various activities have been completed; (v) make available to the population inert waste such as falling wood; (vi) construct concrete channels all around the facility, taking into account the project site area gradient.

➢ Workers’ Safety and Health Risks: To minimize this impact, it is planned to: (i) include in employment and sub-contracting contracts clauses for compliance with safety rules (wearing of PPE, installation of safety markers, etc.) on the works site; (ii) ensure the existence of medicine chests in the various construction sites; (iii) establish a fence and safety signs around the site during the construction phase; (iv) deny visitors access during working hours; (v) carry out medical monitoring of employees exposed to zoonoses; and (iv) implement recommendations of the hazard study;

➢ Land Disputes: To minimize this impact, there are plans to: (i) sensitize the population on resolutions of the mediation commission established and chaired by the Yaoundé 7 Divisional Officer. Collective compensation should be considered in the form of complementary initiatives;

➢ Loss of Employment for Small-scale Slaughter Actors: To minimize this impact, there is a plan to: (i) identify those involved in illegal slaughtering and offer them employment opportunities in the future slaughterhouse (slaughterhouse chain, by- product reconversion, etc.); (ii) build the capacity of these actors to improve their professional integration;

➢ Traffic Accidents and Insecurity in the Area: To minimize this impact, there are plans to: (i) install speed bumps along access roads to the slaughterhouse; (ii) support the establishment of vigilante committees in the village under the coordination of the village chief.

➢ Social Tensions Between the Population and Slaughterhouse Administration: To minimize this impact, there are plans to: (i) establish a consultation and exchange framework between the parties in view of improving relations and dealing with potential conflicts; (ii) promote the population’s participation through recruitment 15

and their involvement in various initiatives for the recovery of slaughterhouse waste and by-products; (iii) properly manage waste and perform periodic on-site equipment maintenance for this management; (iv) ensure that animals are brought to the slaughterhouse by means of trucks and other appropriate vehicles.

Positive Impacts:

➢ Local Job Creation: To enhance this impact, there are plans to: (i) develop a transparent and fair recruitment process; (ii) in the event of equal merit, give preference to local labour or sub-contractors for the provision of the various services; (iii) display employment opportunities that are offered to the population in frequently visited areas (chieftaincy, market, churches, etc.) or rely on traditional authorities for wide dissemination.

➢ Build the Capacity of Actors: For better ownership of the project and all the opportunities it offers, the project should ensure the effective organization of capacity building sessions for all targets (population, illegal slaughterers, breeders, etc.) on the various opportunities of the project’s implementation (recycling and reconversion of waste and by-products, pig breeding initiative, etc.).

➢ Improving the Health of the Population: To enhance this impact, there are plans to: (i) undertake incentives to divert breeders/butchers from small-scale slaughter to the future modern slaughterhouse; (ii) identify actors of small-scale slaughter and provide them with job opportunities in the future slaughterhouse while ensuring capacity building; (iii) ensure permanent sanitary inspections of animals as soon as they arrive at the slaughterhouse; (iv) systematically control all slaughter products at the appropriate quality control laboratory.

7.2 Complementary Social Acceptance Measures of the Project

For better integration of the project in the social context, social measures should be planned stemming from grievances expressed by the population during the public consultations process. They are to: (i) construct a dozen boreholes in order to reduce the low drinking water supply in the village; (ii) install solar-powered street lights in the village to cope with insecurity and improve the population’s living environment; (iii) build a fence around Minkoamayos II Government School located in the vicinity of the project site; (iv) repair the access road to Minkoameyos village and build a second lane to alleviate traffic; (v) promote the development of pig farming in the village with the support of the devolved services of MINEPIA, for it to benefit from the advantages of the slaughterhouse.

8 Environmental Risk Management

The absence of high technological risk equipment and installations (boiler, oil tanks, power station, etc.) in the context of this project significantly reduces the potential risks of technological accidents. However, a hazard study carried out with a contingency plan prior to the commencement of work to identify all forms of technological and occupational accidents was recommended. Some specific measures have been proposed above to prevent and manage some of these risks.

9 Supervision/Monitoring of Environmental and Social Management Plan and ESMP Cost

9.1 Institutional Approach for Implementing the ESMP

The approach proposed by the contracting authority foresees MINEPIA as the Project Executing Agency. At the central level, MINEPIA’s Department of Production Development and Animal Industries (DDPIA) will provide linkage to the project. The Directorate will be reinforced by a Project Management Unit (PMU) with members recruited on a competitive basis, including an environmentalist, a gender officer and a health surveillance specialist for market supervision.

Construction and rehabilitation works will be carried out by sub-contractors/service providers who must be companies specializing in buildings and public works. Businesses selected for service performance will prioritise labour-intensive work and local labour. These providers should preferably be contractors based in the project area. They will be monitored by a control office to guarantee the quality of work done. Waste management will be carried out by one or more companies or a specialized and approved local structure.

Local people represented by their leaders should be informed about all project-related employment, capacity building and support opportunities.

The Yaoundé 7 Municipality and Minkoameyos health centre will also be associated to this approach. An occupational doctor will also be needed for the medical follow-up of exposed personnel.

9.2 Environmental Monitoring

Environmental monitoring is intended to ensure the effective implementation of environmental measures by the contracting authority, its contractors and the operator as necessary. The main supervision actors will be: (i) the Project Environmentalist; (ii) the contractor’s HSE Manager responsible for construction of the slaughterhouse; (iii) the Slaughterhouse Operator’s Environmentalist and the Population.

Elements requiring environmental monitoring are:

In the Construction Phase: (i) machinery and vehicles used during the works (condition, emission level); (ii) contractor staff (wearing of work equipment); (iii) the watercourse (pollution); security and emergency mechanism (existence, state, functioning, accessibility); (iv) waste from development and construction works, etc.; and (v) percentage of local youth in the staff mobilized at different project phases.

In the Operations Phase: (i) wastewater treatment plant; (ii) road traffic and security in the village; (iii) staff (wearing of work equipment); (iv) downstream watercourse (pollution); (v) security and emergency mechanism (existence, status, operation, accessibility); (vi) sundry waste; (vii) wastewater; (viii) salubrity on the site; (ix) number of small-scale slaughter actors among the staff; (x) number of slaughterhouse partners/butchers; (xi) percentage of local youth in the staff mobilized at different project phases. The environmental monitoring cost is fully included in the construction phase of the project implementation cost, and operating costs in the operations phase.

9.3 Environmental Monitoring

Environmental monitoring aims in particular to: (i) verify forecast impacts; (ii) verify the effectiveness of measures implemented; and (iii) enable the Contracting Authority to promptly respond to the failure of a planned mitigation measure or other unforeseen environmental disruption caused by project activities.

Environmental monitoring is an activity that is primarily the responsibility of the Ministry of the Environment (MINEPDED), which has dedicated agencies at both central and local levels.

At local level, the Divisional ESMP Implementation Monitoring Committee will play this role. Chaired by the Senior Divisional Officer, this committee will bring together all sector delegates concerned by the project's activities: Ministry in charge of the environment; Ministry in charge of industry; Ministry in charge of water; Ministry in charge of livestock; Ministry in charge of social affairs and Ministry in charge of labour.

Elements subject to environmental monitoring during the project’s various phases as well as their frequency of implementation are contained in the following table:

Table: Environmental and Social Monitoring During the Different Project Phases

Components Indicators Frequency and Moment Construction Phase Soils, Surface and - Existence of garbage bins Single Underground Waters - Existence of traceability manifests relating to the removal of Periodical special waste. - Compliance with the wearing of PPE Monthly Air - Existence of speed limit signs Permanent - Existence of tarpaulins to cover dump trucks

- Reports of awareness campaigns against STIs / AIDS Single Health and Security - Table for recording accidents on the site Monthly - Complaints by population on level of various nuisances Quality of Life - Driver awareness reports on compliance with instructions for Monthly observance of prescribed speeds Economic and Social - Number of jobs created and occupied by residents Single Aspects Operations Phase - Wastewater analysis bulletin Biannual Soils, Surface and - Treatment plant maintenance report Biannual Underground Water - Presence of garbage bins Permanent - Report on waste management (traceability manifestos) Biannual - Industrial waste management plan Annual - Report of Hazard Study Every five years - Pressure vessel test certificates (fire extinguishers) Biannual - Accident reports Monthly Health and Security - Reports of awareness campaigns against STIs / AIDS Biannual - Report of training exercises towards the emergency plan Annual implementation - Medical follow-up of employees Annual - Septic tank emptying contract with a service provider Every three years 18

- Proportion of residents in the workforce Annual - Report of the consultation meetings between slaughterhouse and Biannual Economic and Social chiefdoms Aspects - Report on beef management activities Monthly - Report on blood reconversion activities Monthly - Report on capacity building training for staff and other actors Annual

9.4 Capacity Building

Capacity building activities should be carried out to get all stakeholders to the same level of understanding of project issues for better implementation and monitoring of ESMP environmental measures. The main targets of this operation, the issues to raise, as well as cost estimates for carrying out these transfers are outlined in the table below. Numbe Unit Cost Total Cost r of (CFAF) (CFAF) Capacity Building Targets Trainer Transf Elements ers/Ye ar - Slaughterhouse Health and security Consultant 2 500,000 1,000,000 employees Equipment maintenance Provider 2 1,000,000 2,000,000 - Slaughterhouse and upkeep environmentalist ESMP monitoring Consultant 1 500,000 500,000 NGOs or Residents, illegal Reconversion of by- specialized 4 500,000 2,000,000 slaughterers products structures Local breeders Breeding techniques MINEPIA 2 200,000 400,000 Total 5,900,000

9.5 ESMP Implementation Related Costs

The costs of implementing the environmental and social measures recommended in this project are summarized in the table below.

Summary Table of the Costs of Implementing Environmental and Social Management Measures, Complementary Initiatives and Capacity Building Column Costs (CFAF) 1. Implementation of the ESMP - Recycling of pig slurry by methanisation 300,000,000 - Capacity building for staff and stakeholders on recycling and reconversion techniques - Valorising biogas obtained from methanisation for electricity production and as a heat source; - System for reconverting digestates obtained from methanisation for agriculture - Procurement of horn and bone recycling equipment for the production 10,000,000 of reusable powder in livestock farming - Capacity building of relevant staff on recycling and reconversion techniques - Make available to HYSACAM waste comparable to household waste 3,000,000 (office waste, packaging, etc.); - Make available to authorized service providers electronic (ink cartridges, neon, etc.) and special waste - Support to the development of pig farming in the village with the support 10,000,000 of MINEPIA’s devolved services, in order to benefit from slaughterhouse advantages - Make butchers aware of the importance of 250,000 controlled slaughter 19

- Conduct a hazard study with an 6,000,000 emergency plan Establish a framework for consultation and exchanges 200,000 between parties in view of sanitising relations and dealing with potential conflicts - Procurement of blood recycling equipment (centrifuges) for the 10,000,000 production of reusable blood powder in livestock farming - Water treatment plant with macrophyte plant filter (pre-treatment, 30,000,000 primary treatment, secondary treatment) - Underground pipeline system responsible for discharging treated water 3,000,000 to the downstream watercourse and performance of rigorous and periodic maintenance of the system Services of a sanitation specialist for periodic maintenance of the 4,800,000 mechanism Jointly with the Minkoameyos Health Centre, organize screening and 150,000 sensitization campaigns for the population and staff on the dangers of HIV/AIDS ESMP Sub-total 367,400,000 2. Strengthening of capacities 5,900,000 TOTAL 373,300,000

10 Public Consultations and Dissemination

10.1 Regulatory Requirements

In accordance with Decree No. 2013/0171/PM of 14 February 2013 to lay down conditions for conducting environmental and social impact studies, the ESIA should be conducted with the participation of the population concerned through public consultations in order to collect their opinions of the project. These consultations also help to collect concerns, advice and proposals for mitigation and in stakeholder optimization. AfDB policy also requires these consultations. It is within this framework that the process, whose outcomes are summarized below, was conducted for this project on 6 and 7 August 2017.

10.2 Outcomes of Public Consultations

The public consultation, which took place from 6 to 7 August 2017, aimed at gathering and understanding the diverse views and concerns of project stakeholders. After presentation of the project, they expressed their concerns and expectations and proposed measures for a better integration of the project in the environment. The concerns raised, as well as the expectations expressed by the population and taken into account in the ESMP, are contained in the table below:

People's Concerns and Proposed Social Measures

Concerns Raised Measures Proposed in the ESMP

The problem of employment and recruitment - Develop a transparent recruitment process and post job of young people from the village opportunities at frequently visited locations - Where there is equal merit, give preference to local labour or subcontractors for the supply of the various services;

Non-compliance with ESMP measures by - Integrate the appropriate ESMP measures into the different actors and weak involvement of the specifications of service providers and into the terms of population in this important project reference of the contractor responsible for operating the slaughterhouse; - Ensure environmental monitoring and supervision

Concerns Raised Measures Proposed in the ESMP

The land issue of the project site: to be - Sensitize the population on resolutions of the mediation clarified beforehand in order to avoid commission in progress chaired by the Divisional Officer of potential conflicts Yaoundé 7

Degradation of the access road to the site with - Rehabilitate the access road to the slaughterhouse; project commencement - Develop the second access lane to limit congestion on the main lane.

- Nuisance caused by stray animals during - Ensure that animals are brought to the slaughterhouse by trucks transportation of animals to the and other appropriate vehicles; slaughterhouse, noise and olfactory - Properly manage waste and perform periodic maintenance of emissions existing equipment.

The development of insecurity in the village. - Set up vigilante committees in the village under the Residents fear the development of this coordination of the village Chief; problem with the influx of people from - Through the Mayor’s Office, request the establishment of a various origins police station in the village.

The risk for the village youth to not benefit - Involvement of the population in slaughterhouse waste and by- from training and capacity building planned product reconversion initiatives; in the project - Ensure the implementation of the capacity building plan for actors including young people from neighbouring villages.

Expectations made by the population - Complementary measures for social acceptance of the project: o The construction of boreholes to cope with the low supply of drinking water in the village; o The installation of solar powered street lights in the village to cope with insecurity; o The construction of a fence around Minkoamayos II Government School located in the vicinity of the project site.

11 ESMP Implementation Schedule

The ESMP will be implemented according to the schedule below:

12 Conclusion

Overall, the ESMP has shown that the project is environmentally and socially acceptable. It enjoys support from the population of the project’s area of direct influence. It will have significant positive impacts in terms of socio-economic benefits. However, the project may generate negative impacts, which can be effectively managed through the correct implementation of measures outlined in the ESMP.

13 References and contacts

Reference

The summary was prepared on the basis of the following documents:

• ESIA report and Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) study of Component 2 of the PD-CVEP: construction of a modern pig slaughterhouse of 200 head/day in Yaoundé, precisely in Minkoameyos locality in Yaoundé 7 Sub-division

Contacts:

- B. BOULANOUAR, Livestock Specialist; AHI1 E-mail: [email protected] - A. NYAGA, Rural Development Specialist; RDGC2 E-mail: [email protected]; L. GARBA, Environmentalist, AHI2. [email protected] - P. HORUGAVYE; Chief Socio-economist, RDGC4. E-mail: [email protected]