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INTERNATIONAL COFFEE ORGANIZATION COUNTRY COFFEE PROFILE CAMEROON ICC-120-5 1 COUNTRY COFFEE PROFILE CAMEROON OFFICE NATIONAL DU CACAO ET DU CAFE NATIONAL COCOA AND COFFEE BOARD ICO Coffee Profile Cameroon 2 ICC-120-5 CONTENTS Preface .................................................................................................................................... 4 Foreword ................................................................................................................................. 5 1. Background ................................................................................................................. 6 1.1 Geographical setting ....................................................................................... 6 1.2 Economic setting ............................................................................................. 7 1.3 Summary of coffee history in Cameroon ......................................................... 9 1.4 Geographical distribution of coffee production ............................................ 11 2. Coffee production ...................................................................................................... 12 2.1 Types of coffee and areas of coffee growing ................................................. 12 2.2 Production systems ........................................................................................ 13 2.3 Crop year ........................................................................................................ 14 2.4 Plantations: smallholdings and estates ......................................................... 14 2.5 Yields ............................................................................................................... 14 2.6 Other characteristics of coffee growing ........................................................ 15 2.7 Volume of production ..................................................................................... 15 2.8 Gender gap ...................................................................................................... 16 3. Production costs during the period 2010 and 2014 .................................................. 16 3.1 Establishment costs/initial investments ........................................................ 16 3.2 Annual production costs of a mature coffee plantation ............................... 18 3.3 Crop losses due to pests and diseases ........................................................... 19 3.4 Crop losses due to adverse weather ............................................................... 19 4. Farmers’ income ........................................................................................................ 19 5. Research and extension ............................................................................................. 20 5.1 Research institutions ...................................................................................... 20 5.2 Research on climate change and coffee ........................................................ 20 5.3 Organization of extension services ................................................................ 21 6. Coffee processing ....................................................................................................... 21 6.1 Field processing (post-harvest processing) .................................................... 21 6.2 Quality control ............................................................................................... 21 7. Stakeholders in the coffee sector .............................................................................. 22 7.1 Private sector ................................................................................................. 22 7.2 Public sector ................................................................................................... 23 7.3 Financial institutions ...................................................................................... 24 Cameroon ICO Coffee Profile ICC-120-5 3 8. Marketing structure ................................................................................................... 25 8.1 Marketing channels ........................................................................................ 25 8.2 Farmer associations/cooperatives exporting coffee ..................................... 25 8.3 Specification of coffee grades and indicative premiums or discounts .......... 26 8.4 Export taxes and duties levied on coffee ....................................................... 28 9. Coffee roasting and domestic consumption .............................................................. 28 9.1 Roasters and market size ............................................................................... 28 9.2 Distribution channels ..................................................................................... 29 9.3 Domestic consumption .................................................................................. 30 10. Performance of coffee exports during the last five years ......................................... 30 10.1 Exports of green coffee (Arabica) ................................................................... 30 10.2 Exports of green coffee (Robusta) ................................................................... 31 10.3 Delivery time .................................................................................................... 33 10.4 Exports of certified coffee ............................................................................... 33 11. Regulations ................................................................................................................. 33 11.1 Exports regulations ........................................................................................ 33 11.2 Regulations related to quality standards ........................................................ 34 12. Macroeconomic aspects of the coffee sector ............................................................ 35 12.1 Coffee and trade balance ............................................................................... 35 12.2 Share of coffee in GDP ................................................................................... 36 12.3 Employment generated by the coffee sector ................................................ 37 13. Environmental challenges .......................................................................................... 38 13.1 Impact of coffee production on the environment ......................................... 38 13.2 Contribution to carbon footprint ................................................................... 38 13.3 Environmentally sustainable coffee production ............................................ 38 14. Prospects for coffee production ................................................................................ 39 14.1 Coffee production targets in Cameroon ........................................................ 39 List of acronyms ..................................................................................................................... 40 List of Tables ........................................................................................................................... 41 List of Graphs ......................................................................................................................... 42 ICO Coffee Profile Cameroon 4 ICC-120-5 PREFACE This profile on the coffee sector in Cameroon is the second in a series of Member country coffee profiles. It meets one of the objectives of the International Coffee Agreement 2007, specifically collecting, disseminating and publishing economic, technical and scientific information, statistics and studies, as well as the results of research and development in coffee matters. These objectives have been reinforced by the recent recommendations of the Working Group on the Strategic Review. On this basis, guidelines have been provided to be used as a framework for this series, which aims to provide comprehensive and current information on the coffee sector in specific countries. These profiles are extremely important in improving the visibility of the world coffee economy and identifying key trade flows. I would like to thank the senior management of the National Coffee and Cocoa Board (NCCB), and its technical staff for preparing the first draft of this report. I would also like to thank the ICO Secretariat for editing the text and collaborating with the coffee authorities in the preparation of the Country Coffee Profile for Cameroon. I sincerely hope that this profile will be of interest and value to our Members, as well as all other stakeholders working in the field. The agro-ecological diversity of Cameroon presents a potential for the production of high quality coffee varieties. Finally, the ICO staff and I remain open to any observations and suggestions that will assist us in increasing the accuracy and value of the document in the future. I am confident that the wealth of information contained in this publication, and those to follow in this series, will provide delegates, researchers and readers with a better understanding of the dynamic nature of the coffee industry worldwide. José Sette Executive Director International Coffee Organization Cameroon ICO Coffee Profile ICC-120-5 5 FOREWORD Since Cameroon became independent in 1960, coffee has played a key role in the country’s development, together with cocoa and cotton. At the economic level, coffee
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