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Security Council Distr.: General 8 January 2013
United Nations S/2012/401 Security Council Distr.: General 8 January 2013 Original: English Identical letters dated 4 June 2012 from the Permanent Representative of the Syrian Arab Republic to the United Nations addressed to the Secretary-General and the President of the Security Council Upon instructions from my Government, and following my letters dated 16 to 20 and 23 to 25 April, 7, 11, 14 to 16, 18, 21, 24, 29 and 31 May, and 1 and 4 June 2012, I have the honour to attach herewith a detailed list of violations of cessation of violence that were committed by armed groups in Syria on 3 June 2012 (see annex). It would be highly appreciated if the present letter and its annex could be circulated as a document of the Security Council. (Signed) Bashar Ja’afari Ambassador Permanent Representative 13-20354 (E) 170113 210113 *1320354* S/2012/401 Annex to the identical letters dated 4 June 2012 from the Permanent Representative of the Syrian Arab Republic to the United Nations addressed to the Secretary-General and the President of the Security Council [Original: Arabic] Sunday, 3 June 2012 Rif Dimashq governorate 1. On 2/6/2012, from 1600 hours until 2000 hours, an armed terrorist group exchanged fire with law enforcement forces after the group attacked the forces between the orchards of Duma and Hirista. 2. On 2/6/2012 at 2315 hours, an armed terrorist group detonated an explosive device in a civilian vehicle near the primary school on Jawlan Street, Fadl quarter, Judaydat Artuz, wounding the car’s driver and damaging the car. -
SYRIA, YEAR 2020: Update on Incidents According to the Armed Conflict Location & Event Data Project (ACLED) Compiled by ACCORD, 25 March 2021
SYRIA, YEAR 2020: Update on incidents according to the Armed Conflict Location & Event Data Project (ACLED) compiled by ACCORD, 25 March 2021 Number of reported incidents with at least one fatality Number of reported fatalities National borders: GADM, 6 May 2018a; administrative divisions: GADM, 6 May 2018b; incid- ent data: ACLED, 12 March 2021; coastlines and inland waters: Smith and Wessel, 1 May 2015 SYRIA, YEAR 2020: UPDATE ON INCIDENTS ACCORDING TO THE ARMED CONFLICT LOCATION & EVENT DATA PROJECT (ACLED) COMPILED BY ACCORD, 25 MARCH 2021 Contents Conflict incidents by category Number of Number of reported fatalities 1 Number of Number of Category incidents with at incidents fatalities Number of reported incidents with at least one fatality 1 least one fatality Explosions / Remote Conflict incidents by category 2 6187 930 2751 violence Development of conflict incidents from 2017 to 2020 2 Battles 2465 1111 4206 Strategic developments 1517 2 2 Methodology 3 Violence against civilians 1389 760 997 Conflict incidents per province 4 Protests 449 2 4 Riots 55 4 15 Localization of conflict incidents 4 Total 12062 2809 7975 Disclaimer 9 This table is based on data from ACLED (datasets used: ACLED, 12 March 2021). Development of conflict incidents from 2017 to 2020 This graph is based on data from ACLED (datasets used: ACLED, 12 March 2021). 2 SYRIA, YEAR 2020: UPDATE ON INCIDENTS ACCORDING TO THE ARMED CONFLICT LOCATION & EVENT DATA PROJECT (ACLED) COMPILED BY ACCORD, 25 MARCH 2021 Methodology GADM. Incidents that could not be located are ignored. The numbers included in this overview might therefore differ from the original ACLED data. -
132484385.Pdf
MAANPUOLUSTUSKORKEAKOULU VENÄJÄN OPERAATIO SYYRIASSA – TARKASTELU VENÄJÄN ILMAVOIMIEN KYVYSTÄ TUKEA MAAOPERAATIOTA Diplomityö Kapteeni Valtteri Riehunkangas Yleisesikuntaupseerikurssi 58 Maasotalinja Heinäkuu 2017 MAANPUOLUSTUSKORKEAKOULU Kurssi Linja Yleisesikuntaupseerikurssi 58 Maasotalinja Tekijä Kapteeni Valtteri Riehunkangas Tutkielman nimi VENÄJÄN OPERAATIO SYYRIASSA – TARKASTELU VENÄJÄN ILMAVOI- MIEN KYVYSTÄ TUKEA MAAOPERAATIOTA Oppiaine johon työ liittyy Säilytyspaikka Operaatiotaito ja taktiikka MPKK:n kurssikirjasto Aika Heinäkuu 2017 Tekstisivuja 137 Liitesivuja 132 TIIVISTELMÄ Venäjä suoritti lokakuussa 2015 sotilaallisen intervention Syyriaan. Venäjä tukee Presi- dentti Bašar al-Assadin hallintoa taistelussa kapinallisia ja Isisiä vastaan. Vuoden 2008 Georgian sodan jälkeen Venäjän asevoimissa aloitettiin reformi sen suorituskyvyn paran- tamiseksi. Syyrian intervention aikaan useat näistä uusista suorituskyvyistä ovat käytössä. Tutkimuksen tavoitteena oli selvittää Venäjän ilmavoimien kyky tukea maaoperaatiota. Tutkimus toteutettiin tapaustutkimuksena. Tapauksina työssä olivat kolme Syyrian halli- tuksen toteuttamaa operaatiota, joita Venäjä suorituskyvyillään tuki. Venäjän interventiosta ei ollut saatavilla opinnäytetöitä tai kirjallisuutta. Tästä johtuen tutkimuksessa käytettiin lähdemateriaalina sosiaaliseen mediaan tuotettua aineistoa sekä uutisartikkeleita. Koska sosiaalisen median käyttäjien luotettavuutta oli vaikea arvioida, tutkimuksessa käytettiin videoiden ja kuvien geopaikannusta (geolocation, geolokaatio), joka -
Weekly Conflict Summary April 06-12, 2017 During This Reporting Period, the US Military Intervened for the First Time Against a Syrian Government Target
Weekly Conflict Summary April 06-12, 2017 During this reporting period, the US military intervened for the first time against a Syrian government target. ISIS forces continued to lose territory across Syria, most precipitously around Tadmor (Palmyra) and in Syria’s eastern desert. Negotiations surrounding the “Four Towns Agreement," a controversial deal aimed at the evacuation of pro-government towns Fo'ah and Kefraya and anti-government Madaya and al- Zabadani, continued into this period and seem to be progressing towards a brokered evacuation deal. Figure 1 - Areas of control in Syria as of April 12. 1 of 4 Weekly Conflict Summary – April 06-12, 2017 US Strikes on Homs Airbase On the early morning of April 7, US warships launched 59 Tomahawk missiles at the government-held Shayrat Military Airbase near Homs. President Trump ordered the strike in response to the chemical attack on Khan Sheikhoun on April 4, which US officials claim originated from the airbase. The strike targeted hangars, airplanes, and fueling depots at the airbase. Runways have only suffered light damage and sorties were flown from the airport within days. US Secretary of State Rex Tillerson and White House Press Secretary Sean Spicer both said the strikes destroyed about 20% of the Syrian government’s working aircraft, though experts disagree. In the day following the strike, Russian planes struck an area of Idleb and pro-government planes struck the US-supported Jaysh Usood al-Sharqia for the first time on Jabal Dawka, despite the fact that the group has to date only fought against ISIS. Suspected thermite (incendiary) bombs were dropped on Saraqeb on April 9 and the following days. -
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ORGANISATION FOR THE PROHIBITION OF CHEMICAL WEAPONS Dirutor-Ctntral OPCW The lf<lgue, 18 December 2014 ?014 OEC 2 3 Johan de \V ittl.>"n 31 1./()!)(Jill)5480/14 I q--- II 8 J--i 2517 JR The Ha)!U< !:....... ...��4._�·; i/� ..,.. !.: t l t•l;_ �� Tht' Nethnbnds o:F 'i llc ;,t.Q.l;J:.:ut)'.GE.NERAI. Tdcphone:+ 31(0)704103702/o-t ht: + 31 (o)jo 410 37 91. E-mail: ahmct.uzumcu(t!)opcw.urg Excellency, I have the honour to transmit to you the Third Report of the Organisation t()r the Prohibition of I Chemical Weapons Fact-Finding Mission in Syria. As you know the Mission was mandated to J I establish the !acts surrounding allegations of the usc of toxic chemicals, reportedly chlorine, f()r I hostile purposes in the Syrian Arab Republic. I This repoti will be circulated today in ·nlC I !ague to States Parties to the Chemical Weapons Convention. IIY. Mr Ban K i-tn0l)l1 Sccrdary-Gcncral ol"the United Nations United Nations llcadquartcrs New York l:>rs(olf/vof ORGANISATION FOR THE PROHIBITION OF CHEMICAL WEAPONS Dirutor-General OPCW The Hague, 18 December 2014 Johan de Witdaan 32 1./0DG/195480/14 2517 )R The Hague The Netherlands Telephone: + 31 ( o )70 416 37 02/04 Fax:+ 31 (0)70 416 37 92 E-mail: [email protected] Excellency, I have the honour to transmit to you the Third Report of the Organisation for the Prohibiti on of Chemical Weapons Fact-Finding Mission in Syria. -
5.28 M 874,814
Syrian Arab Republic: Whole of Syria Food Security Sector - Sector Objective 1 (March Plan - 2016) This map reflects the number of people reached with Life Saving Activities against the 2016 Humanitarian Response Plan (HRP) as part of Strategic Objective 1 Sector Objective 1(SO 1) : Provide emergency response capacity, lifesaving, and life sustaining assistance to the most vulnerable crisis affected people, including people with specific needs. 5.28 m Jawadiyah Total beneficiaries planned T U R K E Y Al Malika Quamishli Qahtaniyyeh E with food baskets (monthly Amuda 1. Rasm Haram El-Imam Darbasiyah 2. Rabee'a 3. Eastern Kwaires Lower Ain al Ya'robiyah family food ration), cash & 4. Armanaz Jarablus Shyookh Arab Bulbul 5. Kafr Takharim Al-Hasakeh Raju Sharan Ghandorah Tell Be'r Al-Hulo Tal Hmis voucher food assistance Suran Ras Al Tal ! Ar-Ra'ee Abiad Al-Wardeyyeh Ma'btali A'z!az Ain Tamer Sheikh Aghtrin Tall Menbij P Origin of assistance El-Hadid Afrin A'rima Sarin Al-Hasakeh Re!faat Abu Ein Issa Suluk Al Bab Qalqal Hole Jandairis Na!bul Mare' Daret ! Tadaf 3.2 m 2.07 m Dan!a ! Aleppo Har!im Azza 1 P! Haritan Ar-Raqqa ! !Maaret Atareb Jebel 3 Dayr Areesheh From within Syria From neighbouring Salqin!5 ! Tamsrin Saman Hafir Jurneyyeh 4 ! Zarbah countries ! ! As Safira Ar-Raqqa Shadadah Darko!sh Idle! b Hadher Karama ! Bennsh Banan Maskana P Kiseb Janudiyeh Idleb!PSarm!in Badama Mhambal ! Hajeb Qastal 2 ! ! Saraqab Abul Al-Thawrah Markada Jisr-Ash-Shugur Ariha Al-Khafsa Maadan Kisreh March-Plan vs SO1 Target Maaf ! Ma'arrat Thohur Kansaba -
The 12Th Annual Report on Human Rights in Syria 2013 (January 2013 – December 2013)
The 12th annual report On human rights in Syria 2013 (January 2013 – December 2013) January 2014 January 2014 TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction 3 Genocide: daily massacres amidst international silence 8 Arbitrary detention and Enforced Disappearances 11 Besiegement: slow-motion genocide 14 Violations committed against health and the health sector 17 The conditions of Syrian refugees 23 The use of internationally prohibited weapons 27 Violations committed against freedom of the press 31 Violations committed against houses of worship 39 The targeting of historical and archaeological sites 44 Legal and legislative amendments 46 References 47 About SHRC 48 The 12th annual report on human rights in Syria (January 2013 – December 2013) Introduction The year 2013 witnessed a continuation of grave and unprecedented violations committed against the Syrian people amidst a similarly shocking and unprecedented silence in the international community since the beginning of the revolution in March 2011. Throughout the year, massacres were committed on almost a daily basis killing more than 40.000 people and injuring 100.000 others at least. In its attacks, the regime used heavy weapons, small arms, cold weapons and even internationally prohibited weapons. The chemical attack on eastern Ghouta is considered a landmark in the violations committed by the regime against civilians; it is also considered a milestone in the international community’s response to human rights violations Throughout the year, massacres in Syria, despite it not being the first attack in which were committed on almost a daily internationally prohibited weapons have been used by the basis killing more than 40.000 regime. The international community’s response to the crime people and injuring 100.000 drew the international public’s attention to the atrocities others at least. -
EDAM DEFENSE INTELLIGENCE SENTINEL: IDLIB on the VERGE of IMPLOSION Dr
EDAM Defense Intelligence Sentinel 2019/01 August 2019 EDAM DEFENSE INTELLIGENCE SENTINEL: IDLIB ON THE VERGE OF IMPLOSION Dr. Can Kasapoglu | Director of Security and Defense Research Program Emre Kursat Kaya | Researcher EDAM Defense Intelligence Sentinel 2019/01 EDAM DEFENSE INTELLIGENCE SENTINEL: IDLIB ON THE VERGE OF IMPLOSION Dr. Can Kasapoglu | Director of Security and Defense Research Program Emre Kursat Kaya | Researcher Greater Idlib Region and the Turkish (Blue), Russian (Red) and Iranian (Orange) observation posts - Modified map, original from Liveuamap.com What Happened? On August 19th, 2019, the Syrian Arab Air Force launched an have intensified around Maarat al-Nu’man, another M5 airstrike, halting the Turkish military convoy that was heading choke point. In the meanwhile, the Syrian Araby Army’s to the 9th observation post in Morek. (The observation posts maneuvers have effectively isolated the Turkish observation around Idlib were established as an extension of the Astana post. Furthermore, the Turkish convoy, which had been en process brokered by Russia, Turkey, and Iran). The attack route to Morek in the beginning, has set defensive positions took place along the M5 highway, north of Khan Sheikhun, in a critical location between Khan Sheikun and Maarat a critical choke-point. Subsequently, Assad’s forces have al-Nu’man. The Syrian Arab Army, supported by Russian boosted their offensive and captured the geostrategically airpower, is preparing for a robust assault in greater Idlib critical town. At present, the regime’s military activities that could exacerbate troublesome humanitarian problems. 2 EDAM Defense Intelligence Sentinel 2019/01 Significance: The regime offensive could displace millions of people Turkish forward-deployed contingents and the Syrian in Idlib and overwhelm Turkey’s security capacity to keep Arab Army’s elite units are now positioned dangerously Europe safe. -
Regional Analysis Syria
Overview REGIONAL ANALYSIS SYRIA Total number ‘in need of assistance’: 4 million Number of governorates affected by conflict: 14 out of 14 28 January 2013 Content Part I Overview Part I – Syria Information gaps and data limitations Operational constraints This Regional Analysis of the Syria Conflict (RAS) seeks to bring together information from all sources in Humanitarian profile the region and provide holistic analysis of the overall Country sectoral analysis Syria crisis. While Part I focuses on the situation Governorate profiles within Syria, Part II covers the impact of the crisis on Forthcoming reports the neighbouring countries. The Syria Needs Analysis Annex A: Baseline Data Project welcomes all information that could complement this report. For additional information, Annex B: Definitions Humanitarian Profile comments or questions, please email Annex C: Stakeholder profile [email protected] Priority needs The priority needs below are based on known information. Little or no information is Multiple media sources available for Al-Hasakeh, Ar-Raqqa, Deir-ez-Zor, Hama, Lattakia and Tartous in the north and for As-Sweida, Damascus city, Damascus rural and Quneitra in the south. This is due to the prioritisation of other governorates, limited information sharing and to access issues. Information is being gathered on some cities and governorates (such as Aleppo, Idleb, Dar’a and Homs) although not all is available to the wider humanitarian community for a variety of reasons. Displacement: There is little clear information on the number of IDPs: ministries PROTECTION is a priority throughout the country, specifically: of the GoS report 150,000 IDPs residing in 626 collective centres and more in some 1,468 schools but no figures are available for the number residing in direct threat to life from the conflict private accommodation (with or without host families). -
Breaking the Silence
BREAKING THE SILENCE Lessons from humanitarian access negotiations under counter-terrorism legislation in north-western Syria Lena Schellhammer March 2021 An institution of MAECENATA FOUNDATION 1 Abstract Access negotiations between humanitarian actors and Non-State-Armed Groups (NSAG) controlling a certain area are a necessary precondition for pro- viding humanitarian assistance to affected populations in that area. However, in practice, there has only been minimal support for humanitarians doing so, and the topic is rarely openly discussed, especially when humanitarian access needs to be negotiated with designated “terrorist” groups that are sanctioned by coun- ter-terrorism legislation. This working paper fills this transparency gap by show- casing the humanitarian access negotiations with Hay'at Tahrīr al-Shām (HTS) and its local governance institution, the Syrian Salvation Government (SSG), in north-western Syria. Based on a general analysis with the help of the micro-pol- itics theory by Michel Crozier and Erhard Friedberg (1979) and the power-de- pendence theory by Richard M. Emerson (1962), this paper outlines the implica- tions of counter-terrorism measures on humanitarian actors’ ability to pursue these negotiations. First and foremost, they trigger a culture of silence that re- sults in a generally weakened humanitarian negotiation position. However, they also foster problematic humanitarian negotiation strategies like the involvement of intermediaries and the threat to suspend humanitarian assistance. The paper concludes that, besides the use of so-called power networks, especially an en- hancement of information exchange and an open culture of debate on individu- al strategies to humanitarian negotiations, are the most promising solutions to overcome the dilemmas posed by counter-terrorism measures to humanitarian access negotiations. -
PDF | 1.26 MB | English Version
United Nations S/2014/208 Security Council Distr.: General 24 March 2014 Original: English Report of the Secretary-General on the implementation of Security Council resolution 2139 (2014) I. Introduction 1. The present report is submitted pursuant to paragraph 17 of Security Council resolution 2139 (2014), in which the Council requested the Secretary-General to report to it on the implementation of the resolution by all parties in the Syrian Arab Republic. 2. The report provides information on the humanitarian situation in the Syrian Arab Republic and on the implementation of the key elements of resolution 2139 (2014), including violations of human rights and international humanitarian law, humanitarian access to besieged and hard-to-reach areas, including across conflict lines and across borders, the expansion of humanitarian relief operations, the free passage of medical personnel, equipment, transport and supplies and the safety and security of personnel engaged in humanitarian relief activities. 3. The report covers the period from 22 February to 21 March 2014. To give the Security Council as full a picture as possible of the situation in the Syrian Arab Republic, some information is included that predates the reporting period (where full data are not yet available for the reporting period or the data presented benefit from contextualization). The information contained herein is based on the limited data to which United Nations actors have access, in addition to reports from open sources, sources in the Government of the Syrian Arab Republic and the independent international commission of inquiry on the Syrian Arab Republic. II. Major developments 4. During the reporting period, indiscriminate and disproportionate attacks, including aerial bombings, shelling, mortars and car bombs in populated areas, caused mass civilian death and injuries and forced displacement. -
General Assembly Distr.: General 16 August 2013
United Nations A/HRC/24/46 General Assembly Distr.: General 16 August 2013 Original: English Human Rights Council Twenty-fourth session Agenda item 4 Human rights situations that require the Council’s attention Report of the independent international commission of inquiry on the Syrian Arab Republic* Summary The Syrian Arab Republic is a battlefield. Its cities and towns suffer relentless shelling and sieges. Massacres are perpetrated with impunity. An untold number of Syrians have disappeared. The present report covers investigations conducted from 15 May to 15 July 2013. Its findings are based on 258 interviews and other collected evidence. Government and pro-government forces have continued to conduct widespread attacks on the civilian population, committing murder, torture, rape and enforced disappearance as crimes against humanity. They have laid siege to neighbourhoods and subjected them to indiscriminate shelling. Government forces have committed gross violations of human rights and the war crimes of torture, hostage-taking, murder, execution without due process, rape, attacking protected objects and pillage. Anti-government armed groups have committed war crimes, including murder, execution without due process, torture, hostage-taking and attacking protected objects. They have besieged and indiscriminately shelled civilian neighbourhoods. Anti-government and Kurdish armed groups have recruited and used child soldiers in hostilities. The perpetrators of these violations and crimes, on all sides, act in defiance of international law. They do not fear accountability. Referral to justice is imperative. There is no military solution to this conflict. Those who supply arms create but an illusion of victory. A political solution founded upon tenets of the Geneva communiqué is the only path to peace.