Isolino Alves De Sousa TELEVISÃO E FICÇÃO TELEVISIVA EM PORTUGAL

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Isolino Alves De Sousa TELEVISÃO E FICÇÃO TELEVISIVA EM PORTUGAL Isolino Alves de Sousa TELEVISÃO E FICÇÃO TELEVISIVA EM PORTGAL PORTGAL PORTUGAL (1974-1992) Do advento da democracia à liberalização da atividade televisiva 1992) - (1974 TELEVISÃO E FICÇÃO TELEVISIVA EM EM TELEVISIVA FICÇÃO E TELEVISÃO Trabalho realizado sob orientação de Prof. Doutor António Manuel João Preto www.ulp.pt Outubro 2019 U.L.P | 2019 Isolino Alves de Sousa Alves Isolino | 2019 U.L.P V Isolino Alves de Sousa TELEVISÃO E FICÇÃO TELEVISIVA EM PORTUGAL (1974-1992) Do advento da democracia à liberalização da atividade televisiva Tese defendida em provas públicas na Universidade Lusófona do Porto no dia 15/10/2019 perante o Júri seguinte: Presidente: Profª Doutora Isabel Maria Pérez da Silva Babo Vogal: Prof. Doutor António Manuel Dias Costa valente Vogal: Profª Doutora Sónia Manuela Martins de Sá Vogal: Prof. Doutor Manuel Luis Bogalheiro da Rocha Fernandes Vogal: Prof Doutor Luis Miguel Nunes da Silva Loureiro Vogal: Prof Doutor Rui Alberto Mateus Pereira Orientador: Prof. Doutor António Manuel João Preto Outubro 2019 VI VII Agradecimentos Um enorme agradecimento à minha família pela companhia que não fiz e pela liberdade que me foi permitida para poder desenvolver este trabalho. E aos meus colegas de profissão que, também eles, participaram neste trabalho pelo incentivo. Ao amigo realizador António Faria pelos anos de trabalho em conjunto e pelo regresso à boa amizade passados mais de trinta anos. O meu obrigado pela ajuda, pelo incentivo e por se ter prestado a gravar um depoimento que passou a fazer parte deste trabalho que agora apresento à Universidade Lusófona. O meu agradecimento à Professora Doutora Isabel Ferín da Cunha pela disponibilidade e simpatia. Ao Professor Doutor António Preto por ter aceite esta tarefa, por me ter incentivado a avançar e pelo tempo que dedicou à orientação deste trabalho. A todos, muito obrigado! IV TELEVISÃO E FICÇÃO TELEVISIVA EM PORTUGAL (1974-1992) Do advento da democracia à liberalização da atividade televisiva Resumo: Os estudos sobre a ficção televisiva no período entre a implantação da democracia e o surgimento das televisões privadas, ou seja, o período em que a televisão portuguesa viveu em democracia, mas em regime de monopólio, são raros. Os estudos sobre a ficção televisiva em Portugal iniciam-se com a investigação sobre as telenovelas, e, com maior destaque, depois de 92 com o aparecimento das estações privadas que vão dar grande importância à produção deste género que se reflete no número e qualidade dos estudos académicos a partir de então publicados em Portugal. Mas é nesse tempo e com a ficção filmada que se tenta consolidar uma forma de ser da televisão em Portugal. Com s revolução que teve lugar em Portugal a 25 de abril de 1974 e o imediato alinhamento da televisão pela nova ordem, inicia-se o processo de modernização e de alinhamento pelas televisões estrangeiras, que deveria conduzir a capacidade objetiva de produzir, em Portugal, conteúdos de ficção filmada de qualidade. Na apresentação do mapa-tipo de programas da RTP para 1978/1979, o seu diretor de programas Vasco Graça Moura anuncia: “aguarda-se a conclusão de duas séries portuguesas, “Amor de Perdição”, o romance de Camilo Castelo Branco realizado por Manoel de Oliveira em seis episódios e “O Homem que matou o diabo”, adaptação do romance de Aquilino Ribeiro, produzida pelos Estúdios do Porto e realizada por António Faria, em oito episódios.” A produção de seriados baseados em textos de autores portugueses fazia parte das tarefas atribuídas à RTP no esforço de valorização cultural do povo português proposta pelo Movimento das Forças Armadas, pelo que foi continuada com outros textos, mas sempre numa configuração de suporte e processos cinematográficos. Sem experiência, com meios técnicos diminutos e orçamentos escassos, esta produção portuguesa produzida nesse período, nunca conseguiu equipara-se com a outra vinda da América, seja a América do Norte seja do Brasil. E, por isso, foi sendo abandonada a favor de um outro género – a telenovela. Num tempo em que reinou uma grande liberdade criativa, na escolha dos textos, nos processos de realização, e sem a pressa da emissão, este período poderá caracterizar-se pela influência tutelar do cinema, por uma procura insistente numa forma artística na V produção de conteúdos, pela oferta aos espectadores de uma televisão que pratique uma democracia cultural, como proposto pelo diretor de programas na apresentação dos programas para os anos de 1978/79. Mas essa televisão, como se veio a demonstrar mais tarde, não tem lugar no tempo da neo-tv, da concorrência e no tempo da luta pelas audiências em que a própria estação de serviço público também se envolveu. Palavras Chave: Televisão, séries, espetáculo, industria cultural, televisão de qualidade VI Abstract: There are not many studies about the production of fiction in television in the period between the implementation of the democracy and the emergence of the private television networks, that is, the period in which Portuguese television lived in democracy, but in a monopoly regime. The studies about fiction in television in Portugal begin with the analysis of soap operas and, with a bigger focus, after 92, with the emergence of the private television networks, which will give a great importance to the production of this genre, reflecting on the quantity and the quality of the academic studies published in the country, from then on. however, it is in that period, and with the filmed fiction, that the television in Portugal tries to strengthen a certain way of being. With the revolution that occurred in April 25th, 1974, and the instant alignment of television with the new political order, the process of modernization and alignment with foreign television begins, which should lead the objective ability to produce, in Portugal, contents of filmed fiction with some quality. During the presentation of RTP's typical map of programs to 1978/1979, his programs production manager, Vasco Graça Moura, claims: «we are waiting for the conclusion of two Portuguese series, Amor de Perdição, Camilo Castelo Branco's novel, directed by Manoel de Oliveira in six episodes, and O Homem que matou o diabo, an adaptation of Aquilino Ribeiro's novel, produced by Estúdios do Porto and directed by António Faria, in eight episodes.» The production of television series based on texts of Portuguese authors was a part of the tasks given to RTP in an effort to obtain the cultural appreciation of the people, proposed by the Armed Forces Movement. In this way, it was continued with other texts, but always in an outline of support and cinematographic processes. With no experience, with limited technical means and scarce budgets, the Portuguese production of that period has never managed to equal the one which came from America, either North America or Brazil. And this is why it was progressively abandoned, giving place to another genre: the soap opera. When a big creative freedom reigned, in the choice of the texts and in the directing processes, and without the rush of the broadcast, this period could be defined by the tutorship influence of cinema, by a continuous search for an artistic form in the production VII of contents, by the offer to the viewers of a television that can practice a cultural democracy, as it was suggested by the programs production manager in the presentation of the programs grid for 1978/79. But that kind of television, as it was proven later, doesn't have a place in the era of the neo-tv, of the economic competition and in a time of struggle for shares in which the public network itself got involved. Key-words: Television, shows, show business, cultural industry, quality television VIII INDICE GERAL Introdução..........................................................................................................................1 CAPÍTULO I – A indústria cultural 1.1.A indústria cultural.................................................................... ...................14 1.2.A televisão e a indústria cultural...................................................................26 1.3.Uma proposta de análise ..............................................................................27 1.4.A televisão e a sociedade de consumo .........................................................30 1.5.A ficção televisiva ........................................................................................31 CAPÍTULO II – A sociedade do espetáculo 2.1 A aventura do ecrã ........................................................................................37 2.2 A sociedade do espetáculo ............................................................................47 CAPÍTULO III – O espetáculo em casa 3.1. A televisão ....................................................................................................52 3.2. A televisão e a ditadura ................................................................................57 3.3. A televisão e a revolução dos cravos ...........................................................64 CAPÍTULO IV – Um fogo de artifício visual 4.1. Televisão de qualidade? ...............................................................................86 4.2. Notas sobre a linguagem televisiva .............................................................92 4.3. As relações da televisão com o cinema .......................................................98 4.4. A televisão e a arte .....................................................................................103 4.5. A televisão e o
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