sign in sign up
<<
Home , Inflected preposition

SKEUL AN TAVAS Traditional Cornish for Classes

SPECIFICATION

Agan Tavas Level 1 Agan Tavas Level 2 Agan Tavas Level 3 Breakthrough (CEFR A1) Preliminary (CEFR A2) Intermediate (CEFR B1) Coursebook Skeul an Tavas Coursebook Skeul an Tavas 2 Coursebook Skeul an Tavas 3

Noun Noun

Singular (incl singulative), plural, collective Plural, collective, singulative (fully Plural noun from 2nd state after definite : f sing, m pl explained) Indefinite noun with dative of an orsaf / an Orseth an vergh, an veyn possession Genitive construction

Adjective Adjective Adjective

2nd state when attributive: f sing, m pl Mutation in adjective chain as attributive adjective yn + adjective (5th state) Some 2nd state suppressed after s th Adjective prefixed to or preceding noun pòr + 2nd state = very Inflected comparative, comparative formed Adjective used pronominally with moy an keth Inflected comparative as superlative oll (fully explained) Superlative formed with an moyha Word order with comparatives / superlatives gwell, lacka, gwetha, le, lyha, moy, moyha, nes, nessa dhe well, dhe voy, dhe le Intensifiers fèst, teg, glân, dres ehen, yn tien re + 2nd state = too [much] aral / erel, ken 2nd state after dual (noting practice varies)

As at 1 July 2020

Pronoun Pronoun my/me, ty/te, ev, hy, ny, why, y why formal/polite ref to single person Disjunctive (fully explained) vy, -ta, jy, tejy (-ta jy) eev Word order my ha ty ow + 3rd state, dha + 2nd state, y + 2nd anjy Reinforcing pronouns (fully explained) state, hy + 3rd state, agan, agas, aga + 3rd ’m, ’th + mixed mutation, ’y + 2nd state, Infixed pronouns state ‘gan, ’gas, ’ga + 3rd state neb a + 2nd state (all also as object of -noun) pronoun + honen na (na-) + 3rd state hebma/hèm, hobma/hòm, hedna/hèn, re a’n, an re hodna/hòn onen pyw, pëth, pandra + 2nd state nebonen, neppyth (nampyth), neptra pùptra pùbonen, pùb huny den vëth, tra vëth (with negative) an eyl y gela / hy ben Gender of pronouns in -pyth and -tra

Numeral / Quantifier Numeral / Quantifier Numeral / Quantifier

Cardinals (traditional) udn jëdh Numeral as noun udn + 2nd state: f noun Cardinals (decimal system) Arithmetic dew/dyw + 2nd state, an dhew, an dhyw lower, lowr, meur, moy, bohes, le, nebes + Ordinals with dell + 2nd state try/teyr + 3rd state singular Ordinals cals a, showr a lies, nebes + plural pygebmys, py / pana lies, pes lies huny

Preposition Preposition Preposition

Inflection of dhe, gans, orth, rag of a, der (dre), dres, ès (agès), Inflection of a-ugh, avell, inter (intra) adrëv, dhyrag heb, in, in dadn, ryb, wàr adar, herwyth, in le, marnas, wor’tu ha Compound prepositions (separable) ha as preposition (incl after an keth, warbydn (erbydn), warlergh kehaval, kepar and with gans) Compound prepositions (non-separable) ha distinguishing a (relative) dhyrag (revised), dhywar, dhyworth i’m kever tro ha Prepositions adding dhe with pronoun

Postpositional adreus, ahës

As at 1 July 2020

Verb Verb Verb bos: all present, all local present, bos: all copula imperfect, all local bos: all imperfect habitual, all 3rd sing copula imperfect, 3rd local imperfect, all future, all preterite, personal conditional, all present & imperfect imperfect (sing & pl), impersonal future forms of verb-noun in indirect statement, subjunctive Verb-noun: , not stative-eventive distinction between y’m beus: present, imperfect Present : ow + 4th state imperfect and preterite gwil: all conditional, all subjunctive Present periphrastic with local present of Imperfect periphrastic with local imperfect mydnas: all conditional, all subjunctive bos + present participle of bos + present participle gallos: all conditional, all subjunctive, gwil: all present/future as auxiliary, all Inflected preterite of (impersonal present autonomous preterite as auxiliary, imperative (2nd only) All imperfect of godhvos person) as auxiliary Irregular preterites wharva, êth, deuth All subjunctive of mos mydnas: all present as auxiliary, all re as perfective particle All subjunctive of dos (construction mar imperfect Common inflected imperatives (2nd sing) ... ha + verb-noun) gallos: all present, all imperfect Imperative (1st person) deun to mos Inflected preterite of verbs (mostly cara: present (impersonal only), Present participle with pronoun object literary when not impersonal) conditional (impersonal only) Past participle: -ys (-yes) Inflected imperfect of verbs (literary & Irregular past gyllys, devedhys fixed phrases) All present of godhvos Eventive verbs vs stative phrases All present/future of dos (construction mar Verbs with dative construction ... ha + verb-noun) nans yw / o Prefix om- + 2nd state yn medh / yn medhans

As at 1 July 2020

Syntax Syntax Syntax

Basic VSO word order (with nominal Fronted complement with a + 2nd state pàn / pàn na + 2nd state (present & future construction as exception for statements) Adjectival phrases reference) Fronted complement with copula (2nd py / pana + 2nd state erna + 2nd state, bys may + 5th state state) ple + 5th state, ple ma / mowns, py tyller kettel + 2nd state, peskytter may + 5th Interrogative: a + 2nd state peur + 5th state, pana dermyn + 2nd state state Negative: ny + 2nd state fatell / fatla / pana vaner + 2nd state hadre + 2nd state Negative reply: na + 2nd state prag y + 5th state / prag na + 2nd state, rag may + 5th state / rag na + 2nd state Real conditions (mar + 4th state) praga with subjunctive (purpose) yma ... dhe = has may + 5th state / ma na + 2nd state = Irrealis incl [mar]a + 4th state, kepar ha Adjective + yw genef where, when, so that (result) pàn + 2nd state gwell yw dhybm with a / na + 2nd state pynag Telling the time (analog clock) Oblique relative clause with may + 5th mar + 4th state introducing indirect Giving the date (day and month) state / ma na + 2nd state question Indirect statement with fatell (tell) + 2nd Accompanying circumstances phrase state, dell + 2nd state, noun clause, bos, Relative clause: semi-definite particle y antecedent Negative indirect statement with na (dell myns a / seul a + 2nd state na) + 2nd state Parallel increase Infinitive construction: indirect statement, Interrogative with inflected preposition dre rêson, drefen, rag, kyns ès, wosa Interrogative preceded by preposition Negative clause with na + 2nd state after Interrogative adverbial with y + 5th state dre rêson, drefen, rag (fully explained) pàn / pàn na + 2nd state (past reference Adverbial participle phrase with in udn / only), abàn / abàn na + 2nd state in dadn + 2nd state kyn / kyn na + 5th state y tal + verb-noun, y coodh dhybm, y tal ny ... ma’s / saw ... yn unsel / yn udnyk / dhybm / me a dal + verb-noun, y codhvia only / y talvia dhybm + verb-noun namna + 2nd state / ogasty (ogatty) Constructions with constrîna, erhy, pejy, yma ... gans / yma ... wàr = has perswâdya rag + verb-noun (purpose) Tag questions awos (meanings, restricted use) ass[a] + 2nd state Basic word order principles Further principles of word order

As at 1 July 2020

Vocabulary Vocabulary Vocabulary

Approximately 575 items Approximately 750 items Approximately 750 items ha, mès, pò nefra worth for orth -ma, -na in gwir mès vs saw bythqweth rag, saw as preposition and pò, py, bò, boneyl, bona an jëdh a dheu as alternative to nessa = next kebmys, kenyver Possibility with martesen Possibility with par hap maga + 5th state = mar + 2nd state Probability with dre lycklod pyma / pymowns dell hevel / hevelly dell wodhyr govy ny vern, ny’m deur More phrases with lycklod Words for ‘think’ Words for ‘time’ How to say ‘even’ How to say ‘pretend’ Basic word-building principles

As at 1 July 2020

Colloquial Cornish Colloquial Cornish Colloquial Cornish

[Teacher discretion] Concept of registers Omission of possessive pronoun when [

reinforced Simplification of words by dropping certain

sounds Exclamations

s vs j Topicalization

s > r in local forms of bos, gesowgh /

gerow’

Omission of particles a, ow yth > th’ -ma (-m), -ta (fully explained), va (-a) Extended use of eâ / nâ Simplified / alternative prepositions Simplified personal forms of prepositions

As at 1 July 2020