DOCSLIB.ORG

Stephan Wassong Pierre De Coubertin's American Studies and Their Importance for the Analysis of His Early Educational Campaign

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Stephan Wassong Pierre De Coubertin's American Studies and Their Importance for the Analysis of His Early Educational Campaign Stephan Wassong Pierre de Coubertin's American Studies and Their Importance for the Analysis of His Early Educational Campaign _____________ ERGON VERLAG Stephan Wassong Pierre de Coubertin's American Studies and Their Importance for the Analysis of His Early Educational Campaign. English translation by Neil King 2004 All publication and distribution rights to English edition – Stephan Wassong Originally published as Pierre de Coubertins US-amerikanische Studien und ihre Bedeutung für die Analyse seiner frühen Erziehungskampagne © ERGON Verlag, Würzburg, Germany 2002 ii CONTENTS Contents Preface Introduction 1. The analysis of Coubertin’s research trips to the United States in current research 2. Remarks regarding the research methodology and sources, as well as the time period and content parameters of the research topic 3. Structure Chapter I: Coubertin’s early national and international education campaign as portrayed in current research 1. Coubertin‘s national education campaign 1.1 Reasons for the genesis of Coubertin’s early reformative attitude 1.2 The focus on Coubertin’s orientation towards England 1.3 The focus on Coubertin’s French mentors 2. Coubertin’s international education campaign 2.1 Controversial interpretations of Coubertin’s motivation to reintroduce the Olympic Games 2.1.1 The blossoming internationalism as the basis of the foundation of Coubertin’s Olympic plans 2.1.2 The national fixation thesis 3. Summary Chapter II: Coubertin’s interest in the American university and sport scene 1. Coubertin’s introduction to the reformed American university system 1.1 Initial impulses 1.2 The reform of American university system in the late nineteenth century 1.2.1 A.D. White – First President of Cornell-University 1.2.2 D.C. Gilman and the founding of Johns Hopkins University 1.2.3 The expectations of the American public towards reformed institutions of higher education 1.3 Coubertin’s contacts to White and Gilman 2. Coubertin’s insights into gymnastics and athletic education at US universities 2.1 Early stimuli 2.2 Gymnastics and athleticism at US universities in the second half of the nineteenth century 2.2.1 ‘The Battle of Systems’ 2.2.2 Tactical professionalism in US university sports 2.3 Coubertin’s contacts to representatives of gymnastic and athletic education at American universities 3. Coubertin’s interest in the public sport scene of the United States 3.1 The spreading of athleticism in the United States iii CONTENTS 3.1.1 The class-orientated amateur idea 3.1.2 The educational-democratic amateur idea 3.2 Coubertin’s insights into the public American sports scene Chapter III: Conclusions on Coubertin’s views on national and international education 1. The United States as legitimization authority for Coubertin’s national education campaign 1.1 Confirmation and example 1.1.1 The confirmation of the reformatory approach 1.1.2 The model function of the American public sports scene for Coubertin 2. The American influence on Coubertin’s concept of international understanding 2.1 Coubertin’s efforts to promote the rapprochement of France and the United States 2.1.1 Coubertin’s medal campaign at American universities 2.1.2 The publications of L’Evolution Française sous la Troisième République in the United States and Coubertin’s contributions in the American Monthly Review of Reviews 2.1.3 Sport meetings for promoting French/English and French/American friendship 2.2 The American patronage of reintroducing the Olympic Games 2.2.1 Early talks with Sloane and White 2.2.2 Sloane and the Congress of 1894 in Paris 2.2.3 The founding of the American Honorary Committee for the Olympic Games Results New insights for Coubertin research and their impact on the reintroduction of the modern Olympic Games Appendix Documents and Illustrations Bibliography 1. Archival Documents 2. Primary and Secondary Literature iv PREFACE Preface This monograph was accepted by the German Sport University Cologne as a dissertation in November 2000. It is slightly abridged and revised for print. This study analyses the early educational thinking of Baron Pierre de Coubertin, who travelled through the United States for several months in 1889 and 1893. The choice of this topic was encouraged by attending research colloquiums on the formative process of the modern Olympic movement, offered by Professor D. R. Quanz, to students about to sit for their diploma or doctorate at the German Sport University Cologne in the 1996/97 academic year. In these colloquiums I discovered sources on Coubertin that encouraged me to further analyse his study trips of the New World. This task also appealed to me because at the time of Coubertin’s stays in the United States he determinedly pursued the idea of reviving the Olympic Games in a modern form and with a pedagogic mission that is still much-discussed. I gained the opportunity to pursue my interests fostered in the colloquiums and to eventually develop them as a sound dissertation concept when I was awarded a scholarship by the German Sport University for research at the State University of New York College at Cortland. I was able to combine my stay in Cortland with investigations in the archives of the universities of Harvard, Cornell and Johns Hopkins; the Library Congress in Washington D.C. and the New York Public Library (NYPL) in Manhattan. The assumption of finding data by and on Coubertin in these university archives and public libraries was confirmed. I would like to warmly thank the friendly and enduring staffs of the archives and libraries for their indispensable assistance. Assistance was also given to me by Prof. Dr. Norbert Müller from the Johannes Gutenberg University in Mainz, Germany. As an expert on research on Coubertin and Olympic Historiography he was always willing to give me access to rare documents that are collected in his library. In addition to this he invited me to the conference The Ancient and Modern Heritage of Greece – Visions for Athens 2004. At this symposium that took place from 29 August to 3 September v PREFACE 1999 at the International Olympic Academy (IOA) in Ancient Olympia, Greece I had the opportunity to present some of my first research results to experts on ancient and modern Olypmpic historiography. I owe various ideas to this inspiring atmosphere at the IOA. The German version of the Ph.D. thesis was published by Ergon pubishing company in 2002. The translation was funded by the Amateur Athletic Foundation. I would like to express my deepest gratitude to the officials of the AAF and particularly to Wayne Wilson, who made the translation project and its publication possible. Last but not least I owe my deepest gratitude to my wife and my parents without whose tolerance and patience the dissertation would have taken much more time to be finished. I devote the English publication to my daughters Johanna and Julia. vi INTRODUCTION 1 Introduction 1. The analysis of Coubertin’s research trips to the United States in current research This work endeavors to systematically illustrate the importance of Pierre de Coubertin’s American studies for the analysis of his early educational deliberations. Although there is a particularly vast amount of sport pedagogic, historical, sociological specialized literature on Coubertin’s plans to modernize the education system in his home country as well as the creation of “contact possibilities” (LENK 1972, 120) between representatives of different nations with the reintroduction of the Olympic Games, Coubertin’s studies of the United States have heretofore been neglected. This is surprising since Coubertin’s extended stays in the ‘New World’ in 1889 and 1893 clearly formed his early thinking on education, which after all is the basis for the most important international sport event. It would be wrong, however, to claim that current research completely lacks any treatment of Coubertin’s research trips to the United States. Thus, existing research states that Coubertin undertook his trips to the United States to free himself from the accusations Anglophilia put forward by his countrymen as a result of Coubertin’s desire to introduce into the French school system sport disciplines that were extremely popular at English public schools and universities. By turning to the United States Coubertin intended to convince his countrymen that athleticism was also regarded as an important educational instrument for pupils and students outside England. (cf. MACALOON 1984, 113). Accordingly current research includes descriptions of universities that Coubertin visited (cf. CALLEBAT 1988, 131ff.), as well as his interest towards high school sport (cf. GUTTMANN 1992, 10) and the public sport scene (cf. MACALOON 1984, 113ff.) in the United States. The brevity and the descriptive character of these comments alone show that Coubertin’s research trips to the United States are not regarded as very significant in the analysis of his educational ideas. Coubertin’s ideas on education are portrayed as being already formed by his research trips to 2 INTRODUCTION England. Thus Coubertin is characterized as a complete Anglophile (cf. YOUNG 1996, 69), whose shining example seemed to be the “English sporting Gentleman” (LUCAS 1976, 27). The book Pierre de Coubertin: Olympism – 1 Selected Writings published by the sport historian and Olympic scientist Müller from Mainz is definitely an exception. Although Coubertin’s interest in the United States is not interpreted in regard to possible effects on his early education campaign in this collection of English-language documents, the imprint of various documents of Coubertin does show that it is worth taking a closer look at Coubertin’s interest in the United States. However, it must be made clear that a comprehensive analysis of Coubertin’s assessments of reformed American colleges, of university sport and gymnastic programs as well as the public sport scene in the “New World” are far less interesting for current research than Coubertin’s efforts to win the United States as a supporter for his Olympic project.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • ERRS PRICE DESCRIPTORS the Tmergence.Of the Junior College In
    DOCUMENT RESUME ED 116.741 Ja 760 060 AUTHOR Cowley, W. H. TITLE The tmergence.of the Junior College in the EvolutiOn of American Education: A Memorandum for the Fund for / Advancement of Education. SPOTS AGENCY Ford Foundation, New York, N.Y. PUB DATE 10 Sep 55 NOTE 61p. ERRS PRICE MF-$0.76 HC-$3.32 Plus Postage DESCRIPTORS Change Agents; *Colleges; *Educational History; *Junior Colleges; Post Secondary Education; Professional Education; *Secondary-Schools; *Universities ABSTRACT In an/effort to elucidate the forces behind the emergence of the Ametican junior college, this document reviews the evolution of the structure of American education from 1874 to 1921. The historical review begins with 1874 because the decision made that year in the Kdlamazoo Case confirmed the right of communities to high schools by taxation. It ends with 1921 because two pisurrtt tal events occurred in that year: first, the organization of the American Association of Junior Colleges, and second, the establishtent of the first unitari.two..year junior college, namely, ,Modesto Junior College in Modesto, California. It reviews the historical development of secondary schools, liberal arts colleges, professional schools, universities, and junior colleges in that time period. The author/concludes that the junior college of today is an historical accident. A bibliography is appended. (DC) , *******************************************************t************ * Documents acquired by 'ERIC include many'-informal unpublished * * materials not available,from other sources. ERIC makes every effort*. * to obtain the bestopyNc available. Nevertheless, items of marginal * * reproducibility are often encountered and this affects the quality * * of the microfiche and hardcopy reproductions ERIC makes available * *via the ERIC Document Reproduction Servi9e (EDRS).
    [Show full text]
  • 2020-08-19-XI-Physical Education-1.Pdf
    PHYSICAL EDUCATION CLASS 11 Chapter 2: Olympic Value Education P. 34-36 A. Objective Questions/ Multiple-Choice Questions 1 mark I. Give one word answers. 1. State the Olympic motto in three Latin words. Ans. Citius, Altius, Fortius 2. Name the place where the first Modern Olympics was organised. Ans. Athens in Greece 3. Name the tradition originated from ancient Greece Olympics to ensure the safe travel of the players and spectators in the games. Ans. Olympic Truce 4. Who designed the Olympic Symbol? Ans. Pierre de Coubertin 5. Name the first president of the International Olympic Committee. Ans. Demetrios Vikelas 6. Name the country which hosted the Olympics in 2016. Ans. Rio de Janeiro, Brazil 7. Who was the first President of the Indian Olympic Association? Ans. Sir Dorabji Tata 8. Name the place where the first Winter Olympics was organised. Ans. Chamonix, France II. Fill in the blanks. 1. The International Olympic Committee, the governing authority of the Modern Olympic Games is based in ____________. Ans. Laussane, Switzerland 2. The first Summer Youth Olympics were hosted by __________in 2010. Ans. Singapore 3. The Olympic flag was first hoisted in 1920 at _________. Ans. Antwerp Games, Belgium 4. Three runners called ________ travelled to all Greek city-states to spread the message of Olympic truce during the Ancient Olympic Games. Ans. Spondophoroi 5. The Olympic games were abolished in 394 CE by Roman emperor ________. Ans. Theodosius I 6. ___________ are the parallel games to the Olympics. Ans. Paralympics 7. ________ was an African–American athlete whose honour was refused by Adolf Hitler.
    [Show full text]
  • Four Mysterious Citizens of the United States That Served on The
    Four Mysterious Citizens of the United States that Served On the International Olympic Com-mittee During the Period 1900-1917 Four Mysterious Citizens of the United States that Served On the International Olympic Com-mittee During the Period 1900-1917, Harvard University, William Milligan Sloane, Paris, Theodore Stanton, United States, America, American Olympic Committee, Olympic Games, Rutgers University, Pierre de Coubertin, International Olympic Committee, Karl Lennartz, Mr. Hyde, IOC member, Evert Jansen Wendell, Theodore Roosevelt, IOC members, Allison Vincent Armour, Olympic Research, Elizabeth Cady Stanton, Baron Pierre de Coubertin, New York, Messieurs Stanton, Caspar Whitney, Cornell University, William Howard Taft, Evert Jansen, John Updike, North American, The International Olympic Committee One Hundred Years, See Wolf Lyberg, French Foreign Legion, See Barbara Tuchman, Barrett Wendell, father Jacob, Allison V. Armour, George Armour, President Coubertin, American University Union, American Red Cross, Coubertin, Phillips Brooks, A. V. Armour, New York City, Harvard, See Roosevelt, Swedish Olympic Organizing Committee, E. J. Wendell, List of IOC members, Doctor Sloane, John A. Lucas, the United States, Professor W. M. Sloane, Pennsylvania State University, Modern Olympic Games, Henry Brewster Stanton, James Hazen Hyde, Theodore Weld Stanton, Evert Jansen Wendell John A. Lucas, Professor Emeritus William M. Sloane, Theodore Roosevelt Papers, New York Herald, Professor Sloane, James Haren Hyde, Stanton, Keith Jones, RUDL, Allison
    [Show full text]
  • G 20 Gesamtverkehr RE20, RB21, RB22
    Main-Lahn-Bahn Gesamtverkehr RE20, RB21, RB22 G 20 Limburg Niedernhausen Frankfurt / Wiesbaden RMV-Servicetelefon: 069 / 24 24 80 24 t Hofheim Limburg Eschhofen LindenholzhausenNiederbrechenOberbrechenNiederseltersBad CambergWörsdorf Idstein (Taunus)NiedernhausenAuringen-MedenbachWiesbaden-IgstadtWiesbaden-ErbenheimWiesbaden Hauptbahnhof Frankfurt FarbwerkeFrankfurt-Höchst Frankfurt Hauptbahnhof P+R P+R P+R P+R P+R P+R P+R P+R P+R P+R P+R P+R P+R RB23 RB90 S2 S1 RE4 S1 ICE RB15 RB58 S1 P+R RE25 RB45 S2 S2 RE9 S2 IC RE30 RE60 S2 RB29 X72 RB10 RE2 RB34 RB61 S3 ICE X26 RB45 X17 RB11 RE3 RB40 RB67 S4 RB10 X72 X26 RB12 RE4 RB41 RB68 S5 RB75 X76 RE14 RE5 RB48 RE70 S6 RE9 RE50 RB82 S7 : Station für Rollstuhlfahrer zugänglich S1 RB10 RB51 RE85 S8 S8 : Station für Rollstuhlfahrer mit Hilfe zugänglich RB12 RE54 RE98 S9 S9 RE14 RE55 RE99 Montag - Freitag Am 24.12. und 31.12. Verkehr wie Samstag Linie RB22 RB21 RB22 RB21 RB22 RB21 RB22 RE20 RB21 RB22 RB21 RE20 RB22 RB21 RE20 RB22 RB21 RE20 RB21 Limburg ab 4.19 4.49 5.19 5.33 5.56 6.01 6.10 6.26 6.33 6.40 6.56 7.19 7.56 Eschhofen 4.23 4.53 5.23 5.37 6.00 6.05 6.14 6.30 6.37 6.44 7.00 7.23 8.00 Lindenholzhausen 4.27 4.57 5.27 5.41 6.09 6.18 6.41 6.48 7.27 Niederbrechen 4.30 5.00 5.30 5.44 6.05 6.12 6.21 6.35 6.44 6.51 7.05 7.30 8.05 Oberbrechen 4.33 5.03 5.33 5.47 6.16 6.24 6.47 6.54 7.33 Niederselters 4.38 5.08 5.38 5.52 6.20 6.29 6.51 6.59 7.38 Bad Camberg 4.43 5.13 5.43 5.57 6.14 6.25 6.34 6.44 6.57 7.04 7.14 7.43 8.14 Wörsdorf 4.48 5.18 5.48 6.02 6.31 6.40 7.02 7.10 7.48 Idstein (Taunus) 4.52 5.22
    [Show full text]
  • University of Oklahoma Libraries Western History Collections Ralph
    University of Oklahoma Libraries Western History Collections Ralph H. Records Collection Records, Ralph Hayden. Papers, 1871–1968. 2 feet. Professor. Magazine and journal articles (1946–1968) regarding historiography, along with a typewritten manuscript (1871–1899) by L. S. Records, entitled “The Recollections of a Cowboy of the Seventies and Eighties,” regarding the lives of cowboys and ranchers in frontier-era Kansas and in the Cherokee Strip of Oklahoma Territory, including a detailed account of Records’s participation in the land run of 1893. ___________________ Box 1 Folder 1: Beyond The American Revolutionary War, articles and excerpts from the following: Wilbur C. Abbott, Charles Francis Adams, Randolph Greenfields Adams, Charles M. Andrews, T. Jefferson Coolidge, Jr., Thomas Anburey, Clarence Walroth Alvord, C.E. Ayres, Robert E. Brown, Fred C. Bruhns, Charles A. Beard and Mary R. Beard, Benjamin Franklin, Carl Lotus Belcher, Henry Belcher, Adolph B. Benson, S.L. Blake, Charles Knowles Bolton, Catherine Drinker Bowen, Julian P. Boyd, Carl and Jessica Bridenbaugh, Sanborn C. Brown, William Hand Browne, Jane Bryce, Edmund C. Burnett, Alice M. Baldwin, Viola F. Barnes, Jacques Barzun, Carl Lotus Becker, Ruth Benedict, Charles Borgeaud, Crane Brinton, Roger Butterfield, Edwin L. Bynner, Carl Bridenbaugh Folder 2: Douglas Campbell, A.F. Pollard, G.G. Coulton, Clarence Edwin Carter, Harry J. Armen and Rexford G. Tugwell, Edward S. Corwin, R. Coupland, Earl of Cromer, Harr Alonzo Cushing, Marquis De Shastelluz, Zechariah Chafee, Jr. Mellen Chamberlain, Dora Mae Clark, Felix S. Cohen, Verner W. Crane, Thomas Carlyle, Thomas Cromwell, Arthur yon Cross, Nellis M. Crouso, Russell Davenport Wallace Evan Daview, Katherine B.
    [Show full text]
  • Ul^4Wuvv^^,V4"O IMMPU(L KVK4^ ^Wowhmjunyy "Tv K/Ktfv» Ivw
    SNAKE ROCK FARM ihwH • V duA-1 cjLUL> (Uvvt C^M SANDV HOOK, CONNECTICUT an^ O^vvmv w ' Lt (hmU^, &rwU, IMWV v^jvt . I L UVV^. or». £ frvU/cA/ ¥\vl ktw Ur^-t vw fwlfiv^vl 5-t CHv/wt, * ,0 ' > a-n tv tvw A^ rte U , Jrv V\\k (Lo (\vMa4J \AA C\\lkjt*\A - ^ wt|« *vw uaa. urta^ <• A»A-Oa< k&t/M/* fVvv CuVv I'M/I UvvXtvj ^ ^ uUy- ^ tAT-A* tr ^ ^|4*vv\ ^ V.frmpiO . ' t ;„;y —"-fir||r- t|vw Kvv,^uOl vA^t^W^WOU, pvvi«>tw44, wTtiu^k k *^v\ f^t/\\-*) \X\^ , &0* WW vwi *Hvv) ► h( V'tt^vvw (I VV ui tv^vvv CvUwUA^ K (ku tlw^ AtaJ U^^VJKcwi "^^VVVVV UA \* *tc|v\MX Ivvuv. r CWvvm^ 0*AL- W c^liv tvA^U ailik J C>)J "Uwc< ^ Ul^4wUvv^^,v4"o IMMPU(L KVK4^ ^wOwhMJUnyy "tv K/Ktfv» IvW. 1vO-^v K'uAt'^^ ctlA 4-tf^vw cv>|Ci Vw^ <H/I \A/v\\ ^\Ko C/Vwtv^ VO/v4j O^tAvv* (LvviVvv^ '\h, UrviH- |vvwl k%4<yviM isL ttki f'ivt » IT^ 0(vv tO */*t Ur^uv "K-Vu, iLv ^uvwtA^CviIAw ^lltuyv >u*» ^VVuhMv 4^ [AAA^vi^j lt^ Lvvw l^ivt *H/U\Auuv, Pw»uk (V^ivVvwfX\ ^K'lJ u Itvvaav t-v (U-viuX ivt "M llw t^vwv^4 CV^v H l (w UWv Mlv 'iiXc1 ^ v Vl (vuA- , tuvA. ^ fVv\MA tiAw Vvvi.. ^ |4 nXtwcU ^•u/ik, (VI kvdul "(LirvO IVumA. WX cvl^/ ftUkJL tvi.
    [Show full text]
  • Warteliste Gem
    Kassenärztliche Vereinigung Hessen Sicherstellung Europa-Allee 90 60486 Frankfurt / Main A N T R A G auf Aufnahme in die Warteliste gem. § 103 Abs. 5 SGB V Hausärztliche Versorgung § 11 Bedarfsplanungs-Richtlinie Name: _____________________________ Vorname: _____________________ Geburtsdatum: ______________________ Geburtsort: ____________________ PLZ und Ort: ________________________ Straße: _______________________ Im Arztregister der Kassenärztlichen Vereinigung _____________________ seit ______ eingetragen. Fachgebiet: _______________________________________________________ Datum, Unterschrift: ________________________________________________ HINWEIS: Die Aufnahme in die Warteliste setzt die Eintragung im Arzt-/Psychotherapeutenregister voraus. Sofern Sie nicht im Arztregister der Kassenärztlichen Vereinigung Hessen (KVH) eingetragen sind, fügen Sie bitte einen aktuellen (nicht älter als zwei Monate) Arztregisterauszug Ihrer Kassenärztlichen Vereinigung bei. Ohne die Vorlage eines Arztregisterauszuges ist die Eintragung in die Warteliste nicht möglich! Datenschutz Die zur Bearbeitung Ihres Antrags erforderlichen Daten werden auf der gesetzlichen Grundlage der §§ 95 und 98 SGB V in Verbindung mit den Vorschriften der Zulassungsverordnung über die Führung eines Arztregisters erhoben und verarbeitet. Das Arztregister wird mittels Elektronischer Datenverarbeitung erstellt. Die Daten werden nur im Rahmen der gesetzlichen Vorschriften verarbeitet. Die Datenverarbeitung ist gemäß Art. 6 Abs. 1 lit. e) DSGVO für die Aufgabenerfüllung der KVH
    [Show full text]
  • Kenneth Weisbrode ROOSEVELT's MAN in EUROPE
    The Journal of the Gilded Age and Progressive Era 15 (2016), 45–59 doi:10.1017/S1537781415000602 Kenneth Weisbrode ROOSEVELT’S MAN IN EUROPE Lewis Einstein (1877–1967) was a little-known diplomat who became one of Theodore Roose- velt’s closest advisers on European affairs. Roosevelt’s attraction to Einstein derived not only from a keen writing style and considerable fluency in European history, literature and politics, but also from his instinct for anticipating the future of European rivalries and for the important role the United States could play there in preserving peace. The two men shared a perspective on the twentieth century that saw the United States as a central arbiter and enforcer of international order—a position the majority of Americans would accept and promote only after the Second World War. The relationship between Roosevelt and Einstein sheds light on the rising status of American diplomacy and diplomats and their self-image vis-à-vis Europe at the turn of the twen- tieth century. Theodore Roosevelt presents a challenge for the diplomatic historian. Despite his repu- tation as a martinet, Roosevelt put much energy as president into peacemaking, and did well at it. The rationale and methods of his Great Power diplomacy are generally attrib- uted to his sense of mission and adventure, pursued as much for their own sake as for the advancement of his and his nation’s interests, largely in Asia and Latin America.1 Less appreciated has been a more subtle, and possibly grander, ambition, which was to pre- serve and augment the powers of maneuver—or what Americans have traditionally un- derstood as neutrality—in a twentieth-century geopolitical setting by proactive, rather than purely restrictive, means.
    [Show full text]
  • History of the Jews
    II ADVERTISEMENTS Should be in Every Jewish Home AN EPOCH-MAKING WORK COVERING A PERIOD OF ABOUT FOUR THOUSAND YEARS PROF. HE1NRICH GRAETZ'S HISTORY OF THE JEWS THE MOST AUTHORITATIVE AND COMPREHENSIVE HISTORY OF THE JEWS IN THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE HANDSOMELY AND DURABLY BOUND IN SIX VOLUMES Contains more than 4000 pages, a Copious Index of more than 8000 Subjects, and a Number of Good Sized Colored Maps. SOME ENTHUSIASTIC APPRECIATIONS DIFFICULT TASK PERFORMED WITH CONSUMMATE SKILL "Graetz's 'Geschichte der Juden1 has superseded all former works of its kind, and has been translated into English, Russian and Hebrew, and partly into Yiddish and French. That some of these translations have been edited three or four times—a very rare occurrence in Jewish literature—are in themselves proofs of the worth of the work. The material for Jewish history being so varied, the sources so scattered in the literatures of all nations, made the presentation of this history a very difficult undertaking, and it cannot be denied that Graetz performed his task with consummate skill."—The Jewish Encyclopedia. GREATEST AUTHORITY ON SUBJECT "Professor Graetz is the historiographer par excellence of the Jews. His work, at present the authority upon the subject of Jewish History, bids fair to hold its pre-eminent position for some time, perhaps decades."—Preface to Index Volume. MOST DESIRABLE TEXT-BOOK "If one desires to study the history of the Jewish people under the direction of a scholar and pleasant writer who is in sympathy with his subject, because he is himself a Jew, he should resort to the volumes of Graetz."—"Review ofRevitvit (New York).
    [Show full text]
  • Historischer Tag: HESSENKASSE Holt Hessens Kommunen Aus Dem
    Nr. 214-17 Wiesbaden, 17. Dezember 2018 Historischer Tag: HESSENKASSE holt Hessens Kommunen aus dem Dispo. Rheingau-Taunus-Kreis und seine Kommunen werden um 420 Mio. Euro entschuldet HESSENKASSE löst heute die letzten kommunalen Kassenkredite ab: „Der 17. Dezember 2018 dürfte in die Geschichte Hessens, vor allem aber in die Geschichte vieler unserer Kommunen, eingehen: Ab heute sind Hessens Kommunen ihre Kassenkredite los. Rund 4,9 Milliarden Euro kommunaler Kassenkredite sind heute endgültig auf die HESSENKASSE übergegangen. Kassenkredite sind der Dispo der Girokonten der Kommunen. Die HESSENKASSE hat nun Hessens Kommunen aus dem Dispo geholt“, sagte Hessens Finanzminister Dr. Thomas Schäfer heute in Wiesbaden. „179 Kommunen hatten noch bis vor kurzem Kassenkredite in Höhe von 4,9 Milliarden Euro. Ab heute sind sie alle auf 0 gestellt. Das hat es so nicht nur in Hessen noch nicht gegeben, sondern das ist bundesweit einmalig.“ 179 Kommunen in Hessen nehmen am Entschuldungsprogram der HESSENKASSE teil. An zwei Ablösetagen wurden ihre Schulden nun schrittweise von der HESSENKASSE übernommen. 3,6 Milliarden Euro wurden bereits im September aus den kommunalen Büchern genommen. Heute folgten weitere 1,3 Milliarden Euro. Rheingau-Taunus-Kreis und viele seiner Kommunen profitieren „Auch der Rheingau-Taunus-Kreis ist einer der Gewinner der HESSENKASSE. Der Kreis, Aarbergen, Bad Schwalbach, Eltville, Geisenheim, Heidenrod, Hohenstein, Hünstetten, Idstein, Niedernhausen, Oestrich-Winkel, Rüdesheim, Taunusstein und Waldems werden zusammen um über 420 Millionen Euro entschuldet. Das sind gewaltige Summen, die teils über Jahrzehnte angehäuft wurden. Nun drücken wir in einer gemeinsamen Pressesprecher: Ralph-Nicolas Pietzonka E-Mail: [email protected] 65185 Wiesbaden, Friedrich-Ebert-Allee 8 Pressemitteilungen im Internet: www.finanzen.hessen.de Telefon: (0611) 32- 2457 Folgen Sie uns bei Twitter: @finanzenhessen Telefax: (0611) 32- 2433 2 Anstrengung zusammen mit den Kommunen die Reset-Taste und ermöglichen ihnen den Neustart“, sagte Schäfer.
    [Show full text]
  • The University of Michigan
    University of Michigan Law School University of Michigan Law School Scholarship Repository Michigan Legal Studies Series Law School History and Publications 1969 The niU versity of Michigan: Its Legal Profile William B. Cudlip Follow this and additional works at: https://repository.law.umich.edu/michigan_legal_studies Part of the Education Law Commons, and the State and Local Government Law Commons Recommended Citation Cudlip, William B. The nivU ersity of Michigan: Its Legal Profile. Ann Arbor: Univ. of Michigan, 1969. This Book is brought to you for free and open access by the Law School History and Publications at University of Michigan Law School Scholarship Repository. It has been accepted for inclusion in Michigan Legal Studies Series by an authorized administrator of University of Michigan Law School Scholarship Repository. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN: ITS LEGAL PROFILE THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN: ITS LEGAL PROFILE by William B. Cudlip, J.D. Published under the auspices of The University of Michigan Law School (which, however, assumes no responsibility for the views expressed) with the aid of funds derived from a gift to The University of Michigan by the Barbour-Woodward Fund. Copyright© by The University of Michigan, 1969 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I suppose that lawyers are always curious about the legal history of any institution with which they are affiliated. As the University of Michigan approached its One Hundred Fiftieth year, my deep interest was heightened as I wondered about the legal structure and involvements of this durable edifice over that long period of time. This compendium is the result and I acknowledge the help that I have had.
    [Show full text]
  • Law School of the University of Michigan
    Michlgran Universily Lawo School LAW SCHOOL BUILDING. LAW SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF MICHIGAN. BY HENRY WADE ROGERS, Dean of the Department of Law of ttheUniversity of Michigan. ception of the period in which he served the HEthe University two largest of Michiganuniversities is inone theof country as Minister to China, and more re- United States, and this position it has at- cently while he was acting as a member of tained within a comparatively few years. In the Fishery Commission intrusted with the June, 1887, it celebrated its semi-centennial ; delicate duty of attempting an adjustment of and the University Calendar this year issued the difficulties existing between the United shows a Faculty roll of one hundred and States and Great Britain. He has the satis- eight professors, instructors, and qssistants, faction of knowing that during his admin- as well as the names of eighteen hundred istration the University of Michigan has and eighty-two students. Harvard Univer- grown from an institution with eleven hun- sity, founded in 1636, and the oldest institu- dred and ten students and a Faculty roll of tion of learning in the country, celebrating thirty-six, to its present proportions. its two hundred and fiftieth anniversary The founders of the State of Michigan in November, i886, leads it in numbers and their descendants have kept in sacred by only seventeen students. In 1871 the remembrance that memorable article in the Hon. James 13. Angell, LL.D., became Ordinance of 1787, which proclaims that, President of the University of Michigan, "religion, morality, and knowledge being and from that time to the present has con- necessary to good government and the hap- tinued to act in that capacity, with the ex- piness of mankind, schools and the means 26 HeinOnline -- 1 Green Bag 189 1889 I90 The Green Bag.
    [Show full text]