History of the Jews

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II ADVERTISEMENTS Should be in Every Jewish Home AN EPOCH-MAKING WORK COVERING A PERIOD OF ABOUT FOUR THOUSAND YEARS PROF. HE1NRICH GRAETZ'S HISTORY OF THE JEWS THE MOST AUTHORITATIVE AND COMPREHENSIVE HISTORY OF THE JEWS IN THE ENGLISH LANGUAGE HANDSOMELY AND DURABLY BOUND IN SIX VOLUMES Contains more than 4000 pages, a Copious Index of more than 8000 Subjects, and a Number of Good Sized Colored Maps. SOME ENTHUSIASTIC APPRECIATIONS DIFFICULT TASK PERFORMED WITH CONSUMMATE SKILL "Graetz's 'Geschichte der Juden1 has superseded all former works of its kind, and has been translated into English, Russian and Hebrew, and partly into Yiddish and French. That some of these translations have been edited three or four times—a very rare occurrence in Jewish literature—are in themselves proofs of the worth of the work. The material for Jewish history being so varied, the sources so scattered in the literatures of all nations, made the presentation of this history a very difficult undertaking, and it cannot be denied that Graetz performed his task with consummate skill."—The Jewish Encyclopedia. GREATEST AUTHORITY ON SUBJECT "Professor Graetz is the historiographer par excellence of the Jews. His work, at present the authority upon the subject of Jewish History, bids fair to hold its pre-eminent position for some time, perhaps decades."—Preface to Index Volume. MOST DESIRABLE TEXT-BOOK "If one desires to study the history of the Jewish people under the direction of a scholar and pleasant writer who is in sympathy with his subject, because he is himself a Jew, he should resort to the volumes of Graetz."—"Review ofRevitvit (New York).

SPECIAL OFFER TO MEMBERS SIGN AND RETURN THIS ORDER FORM TO THE JEWISH PUBLICATION SOCIETY OF AMERICA 608 CHESTNUT STREET, PHILADELPHIA, PA. GENTLEMEN : Kindly send me, expressage prepaid, a set of Graetz's "History of the Jews," in six volumes, cloth bound, lor which I am to pay you ¥8.50, this being the special price for members.

Sign The American Jewish Year Book 5673

September 12, 1912, to October 1, 1913

Edited by HERBERT FRIEDENWALD for the AMERICAN JEWISH COMMITTEE

PHILADELPHIA -,,„.,- ^

THE JEWISH PUBLICATION SOCIETY of "AMERICA • v

1912 COPYRIGHT, 1012, BY THE JEWISH PUBLICATION SOCIETY OF AMEEICA PREFACE The leading article in this, the fourteenth, issue of the AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK is devoted to a survey, by Mr. Leonard G. Robinson, of the Agricultural Activities of the Jews in America, with special reference to the experiments, failures, and successes in the United States. It is a contribution to the history of a phase of Jewish activity to which too little attention has hitherto been paid, and which should receive widespread notice, as the achievements recorded, together with much unsuccessful endeavor, are of a high order. After the publication of this article, the ground will be taken from under the feet of those who contend that agriculture is an occupation which has no attractions for the Jews. Easily first of the events last year in Jewry, not only of this country but of all the world, is the abrogation of the Treaty of 1832 with Russia. Its epochal significance makes it take rank with such historical events as the emancipation of the Jews in France and the removal of the disabilities of the Jews of England, if it does not surpass them in importance. A measure of the extraordinary extent to which public attention was focussed upon the indignity which Russia, for more than a generation, had put upon American citizenship, may be gathered from the multiplicity and variety of the articles in the public press, an incomplete collection of which numbers no less than 3300 clippings. When made familiar with the facts, the newspapers from Maine to California, from the Great Lakes to the Gulf, and from Washington to Florida, with rare exceptions, demanded the abrogation of the Treaty. To this powerful voice, raised in the cause of justice and in de- VI PREFACE fense of American citizenship, Congress gave willing heed. The hearings given to the American Jewish Committee and other organizations by the House Committee on Foreign Af- fairs and the Senate Committee on Foreign Eelations were so full, and the arguments were presented in so convincing a manner, that the Congress was moved to take practically unanimous action favoring the abrogation of the Treaty, which, by notice of President Taft, tendered to Eussia on the 17th of Decem- ber, 1911, brought to an end from and after January 1, 1913, the principal instrument binding the United States with Russia. Without the doors of Congress, the most significant single event in connection with the Treaty-abrogation movement was the great mass meeting held on December 6, 1911, at Carnegie Hall, under the auspices of the National Citizens' Committee of which Andrew D. White, formerly Minister to Russia and Ambassador to Berlin, was President, and Wil- liam G. McAdoo was Chairman of the Executive Committee. Mass meetings were held in other cities as well, and were addressed by men of distinction, but none had the national importance of the Carnegie Hall meeting. If the passport question reached a culmination, gratifying to Jews the world over, the same cannot be said of the attempts at the passage in Congress of bills aimed at restricting immigration. Though it has been the traditional policy of the country merely to regulate and never to restrict immigration —except in the case of the Chinese—the Dillingham Bill which passed the Senate was a strongly restrictionist measure with many harsh provisions. In the House Committee on Immigration, the Burnett Bill, subjecting all immigrants to an educational test, was substituted for the Dillingham Bill, PREFACE VII and favorably reported to the House. At this writing, no action has as yet been taken upon the bill, but if it fails at this session of Congress, it will unquestionably come up again at the next session, and the friends of the immigrant must be prepared for another contest, to prevent him from being shut out of the country. Though the United States Immigration Commission, appointed under the act of 1907, did not report any bill, it recommended the restriction of immigration, and advocated a reading and writing test as the most feasible single method of carrying out its recommendations. For this proposed reversal of the traditional policy of the country the immense and undigested mass of miscellaneous data gathered by the Commission furnishes no justification. As has been freely admitted by its own experts, the Commission collected a much greater mass of material than there was opportunity properly to examine, and when forced by Congress to conclude the investigation at a definite date, it made hasty generalizations, which its own collection of material does not warrant. The immigration question is still a pressing one, therefore, and it is safe to say that more will be recorded about it in subsequent YEAR BOOKS. As before, it gives me pleasure to make acknowledgment of the helpful suggestions received from Miss Henrietta Szold and Dr. Cyrus Adler. HERBERT FRIEDENWALD. NEW YORK, JULY 30, 1912. SPECIAL AETICLES IN PREVIOUS ISSUES OF THE AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK THE ALLIANCE ISRAELITE UNIVEBSELLE, 5661, pp. 45-65. THE JEWS OF ROUMANIA (two articles), 5662, pp. 25-87. THE AMERICAN PASSPORT IN RUSSIA, 5665, pp. 283-305. THE PASSPORT QUESTION IN CONGRESS, 5670, pp. 21-43. DIRECTORIES OF NATIONAL AND LOCAL ORGANIZATIONS, 5661, pp. 67- 495; 5668, pp. 21-430; 5669, pp. 19-64; 5670, pp. 146-189; 5671, pp. 229-253; 5672, pp. 217-265. STATISTICAL SUMMARY BY STATES (JEWISH ORGANIZATIONS IN THE UNITED STATES), 5662, pp. 126-156. THE JEWISH POPULATION OF MARYLAND, 5663, pp. 46-62. A LIST OF JEWISH PERIODICALS IN THE UNITED STATES, 5660, pp. 271-282; and in subsequent issues. PRELIMINARY LIST OF JEWISH SOLDIERS AND SAILORS WHO SERVED IN THE SPANISH-AMERICAN WAR, 5661, pp. 525-622. THE HUNDRED BEST AVAILABLE BOOKS IN ENGLISH ON JEWISH SUB- JECTS, 5665, pp. 309-317. ONE HUNDRED AVAILABLE BOOKS IN ENGLISH ON PALESTINE, 5666, pp. 153-162. A LIST OF AVAILABLE STORIES OF JEWISH INTEREST IN ENGLISH, 5667, pp. 130-142. A SYLLABUS OF JEWISH HISTORY, 5666, pp. 163-170. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES OF RABBIS AND CANTORS OFFICIATING IN THE UNITED STATES, 5664, pp. 40-108; 5665, pp. 214-225; 5666, pp. 119-125. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES OF JEWS PROMINENT IN THE PROFESSIONS, ETC., IN THE UNITED STATES, 5665, pp. 52-213. BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCHES OF JEWISH COMMUNAL WORKERS IN THE UNITED STATES, 5666, pp. 32-118. URIAH P. LEVY, 5663, pp. 42-45. GEHSHOM MENDEZ SEIXAS, 5665, pp. 40-51. PENINA MOISE, 5666, pp. 17-31. FROM KISHINEFF TO BIALYSTOK. A TABLE OF POGROMS FROM 1903 TO 1906, 5667, pp. 34-89. SUNDAY LAWS OF THE UNITED STATES AND JUDICIAL DECISIONS HAV- ING REFERENCE TO JEWS, 5669, pp. 152-189. THE JEWISH COMMUNITY OF NEW YORK CITY, 5670, pp. 44-54. IN DEFENSE OF THE IMMIGRANT, 5671, pp. 19-98. THE PASSPORT QUESTION, 5672, pp. 19-128. CONTENTS PAGE PREFACE

SPECIAL ARTICLES IN PREVIOUS ISSUES OF THE AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK VIII

TIME OF SUNRISE AND SUNSET IN SIX NORTHERN LATITUDES following Contents CALENDARS 3

AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES OF THE .TEWS IN AMERICA, BY LEONARD G. ROBINSON 21

A LIST OF EVENTS IN 5672 AND NECROLOGY 116 THE PASSPORT QUESTION 196

THE GOVERNMENT OF THE UNITED STATES AND AFFAIRS OF IN- TEREST TO THE JEWS 211

LIST OF JEWISH MEMBERS OF THE CONGRESS OF THE UNITED STATES 216

DIRECTORY OF JEWISH NATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS IN THE UNITED STATES 217

NEW JEWISH LOCAL ORGANIZATIONS IN THE UNITED STATES 247

JEWISH STATISTICS 264 A LIST OF JEWISH PERIODICALS APPEARING IN THE UNITED STATES 268 APPOINTMENTS, HONORS, AND ELECTIONS 274

SYNAGOGUES AND HOMES OF SOCIETIES DEDICATED IN THE UNITED STATES 288 FIFTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE AMERICAN JEWISH COMMITTEE, NOVEMBER 12, 1911 291 REPORT OF THE TWENTY-FOURTH YEAR OF THE JEWISH PUBLICA- TION SOCIETY OF AMERICA, 1911-1912 315 TIME OF SUNRISE AND SUNSE (Adapted, by [permission, from

Lat. 44° North Lat. 42° North Lat. 40° Nortt (For Maine, Nova Scotia, (For Massachusetts, New (For Southern JSew Northern New York, Michi- Hampshire, Vermont, Cen- Connecticut, Rhode gan, Wisconsin, Minnesota, tral New York, Southern Pennsylvania, New AN UI ul North and South Dakota, Michigan, Wisconsin, UnoiS, ouuiuciu xur Montana, Washington, Northern Iowa, Wyoming, Vi-pQ elra Mrirthorn PV Northern Oregon, North- Southern Idaho, Southern Ulaoli Nevada, Califi Day of ern Idaho) Oregon) Utah New York City Month Portland, Me. Boston, Mass. Chicago, 111.

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CALENDARS CALE>

Jt Jin; 1911-1912 1912-

1911 5672 1912 Sept 23 New Tear Tishri 1 Sept.12 New: Sept 25 Fast of Gedaliah Tishri 3 Sept.! 4 Fast of ( Oct. 2 Day of Atonement Tishri 10 Sept.21 Day of A1 Oct. 7 Tabernacles Tishri 15 Sept.26 Taberi Oct. 14 Eighth Day of the Feast Tishri 22 Oct. 3 Eighth Day < Oct. 15 Rejoicing of the Law Tishri 23 Oct. 4 Rejoicing o Oct. 22 First New Moon Day (of Heshvan) Tishri 30 Oct. 11 First New Moon I Nov. 21 First NewMoon Day (of Kislev) Heshvan 30 Nov. 10 First New Moon Dec. 16 Hanukah Kislev 25 Dec. 5 Hani Dec. 21 First New Moon Day (of Tebet) Kislev 30 Dec. 10 First New Moon Dec. 31 Fast of Tebet Tebet 10 Dec. 20 Fast oi 1912 1913 Jan. 20 New Moon Day Shebat 1 Jan. 9 NewM. Feb. 18 First New Moon Day (of Adar) Shebat 30 Feb. 7 First New Moon Feb. 29 Fast of Esther Adar 11 Mch. 9 First NewMoon Da Mch. 3 Purim Adar 14 Mch. 22 Fast oi Mch. 19 New Moon Day Nisan 1 Mch. 23 Pui Apl. 2 Passover Nisan 15 Apl. 8 NewM Apl. 17 First New Moon Day (of Iyar) Nisan 30 Apl. 22 Pass May 5 Thirty-third Day of 'Omer Iyar 18 May 7 First New Mooi May 17 New Moon Day Sivan 1 May 25 Thirty-third . May 22 Feast of Weeks Sivan 6 June 6 New Mo June 15 First New Moon Day (of Tammuz) Sivan 30 June 11 Feast oi July 2 Fast of Tammuz Tammuz 17 July 5 First New Moon D July 15 New Moon Day Ab 1 July 22 Fast of ' July 23 Fast of Ab Ab 9 Aug. 4 New Me Aug. 13 First New Moon Day (of Elul) Ab 30 Aug. 12 Fast o Sept. 8 Selihot Services Elul 26 Sept. 2 First New Moon Sept. 11 Eve of New Tear Elul 29 Sept.28 Selihot i Oct. 1 Eve of IS

•Observed on NDARS ln-5673 iinn-6674 E-1913 1913-1914

5673 1913 5674 rlear Tishri 1 Oct. 2 New Year Tishri 1 Gedaliab Tishri 3 Oct. 4* Fast of Gedaliah Tishri 3 Itonement Tiehri 10 Oct. 11 Day of Atonement Tishri 10 macles Tishri 15 Oct. 16 Tabernacles Tishri 15 [of the Feast Tishri 22 Oct. 23 Eighth Day of the Feast Tishri 22 ;of the Law Tishri 23 Oct. 24 Rejoicing of the Law Tishri 23 iDay (of Heslrvan Tishri 30 Oct. 31 First New Moon Day (of Heshvan) Tishri 30 »Day (of Kislev) Heshvan 30 Nov. 30 New Moon Day Kislev 1 link ah Kislev 25 Dec. 24 Hanukah Kislev 25 is Day (of Tebet) Kislev 30 Dec. 29 First New Moon Day (of Tebet) Kislev 30 oE Tebet Tebet 10 1914 Moon Day Shebat 1 Jan. 8 Fast of Tebet Tebet 10 «i Day (of Adar) Shebat 30 Jan. 23 New Moon Day Shebat 1 )iy (of Adar Sheni) Adar ao Feb. 26 First New Moon Day (of Adar) Shebat 30 of Esther Adar Sheni 13 Mch. 11 Fast of Esther Adar 13 'irim Adar Sheni 14 Men. 12 Purim Adar 14 Moon Day Nisan 1 Mch. 28 New Moon Day Nisan 1 Ejover Nisan 15 Apl. 11 Passover Nisan 15 m Day (of Iyar) Nisan 30 Apl. 26 First New Moon Day (of Iyar) Nisan 30 JDay of 'Omer Iyar 18 May 14 Thirty-third Day of 'Omer Iyar 18 loon Day Sivan 1 May 26 New Moon Day Sivan 1 it Weeks Sivan 6 May 31 Feast of Weeks Sivan 6 Bay (of Tammuz) Sivan 30 June 24 First New Moon Day (of Tammuz) Sivan 30 Tammuz Tammuz 17 July 11* Fast of Tammuz Tammuz 17 [ion Day Ab 1 July 24 New Moon Day Ab 1 if Ab Ab 9 Aug. 1* Fast of Ab Ab 9 nDay (of Elul) Ab 30 Aug. 22 First New Moon Day (of Elul) Ab 30 3erviees Elul 26 Sept. 13 Selihot Services Elul 22 Jew Tear Elul 29 Sept. 20 Eve of New Year Elul 29 i following day. 5673 is called 673 (jinn) according to the short system (p"sh). It is a perfect leap year of 13 months, 55 Sabbaths, 385 days, beginning on Thursday, the fifth day of the week, and having the first day of Passover on Tuesday, the third day of the week; therefore its sign is JE>n, i. e., n for the fifth, e> for perfect (riD^>), and 3 for third. It is the eleventh year of the 299th lunar cycle of 19 years, and the seventeenth year of the 203d solar cycle of 28 years, since Creation. 1912, Sept. 12—Oct. 11] TISHRI 3O DAYS 5673

PENTATEUCHAL PROPHETICAL Civil of the Jewish PORTIONS PORTIONS Month Month SABBATHS, FESTIVALS, FASTS Week nrsna nnesn Sept. Tishri ( Gen. 21 I Sam. 1:1—2:10 New Year mB>n 'TJ N I Num. 29:1-6 12 Th 1 J Gen. 22 Jer. 31: 2-20 New Year H3KTI '"ft '3 1 Num. 29:1-6 fHos.l4:2-10; Joel 2: 13- F I 16-17 or 27; Seph. 1 Hos. 14:2-10; 14 S 3 Deut. 32 I Micah7:18-20 J Fast of Gedaliah Ex. 32:11-14; 34:1-10 j Is. 55: 6-56: 8 15 s 4 1 Seph. none 16 M 5 17 T 6 18 W 7 19 Th 8 fla. 57:14—58:14 20 F 9 I Lev. 16 I Afternoon: Jonah < Num. 29: 7-11 | Seph. add Mioah 21 S 10 Day of Atonement "I1Q3 DV (Afternoon: Lev. 18 I 7:18-20 22 s 11 23 M 12 24 T 13 25 W 14 J Lev. 22: 26—23: 44 Tabernacles niDDl 'K 1 Num. 29:12-18 Zech. 14 26 Th 15 1 Lev. 22: 26—23: 44 Tabernacles niDDl '3 I Num. 29:12-lB I Kings 8: 2-21 27 F 16 I Ex. 33:12-34: 26 •< Num. 29: 17-26 Ezek. 38:18-39:16 28 S 17 r / Seph. 29: 17-22 I Num. 29:20-28 29 s 18 1 Seph. 29:20-25 j Num. 29:23-31 30 M 19 -nrion bin | Seph. 29:23-28 Oct. j Num. 29: 26-34 1 T 20 ISeph, 29:26-31 j The Great Hosannah 1 Num. 29:26-34 . 2 W 21 i Seph. 29:29-34 . i K3i nwin j Deut. 15:19—16:17 I Kings 8: 54-66 3 Th 22 1 Eighth Day of the Feast INum. 29:35—30:1 fJosh.1 Deut. 33:1—34:12 1 Seph. 1:1-9 4 F 23 1 rm» 'ow < Gen. 1:1—2: 3 fig. 42:6-43:10 1 Num. 29: 35—30:1 Seph. 42: 6-21; 61:10; S 24 I Rejoicing of the Law Gen. 1-: 1—6: 8 •> 62:6 5 I n-nn nnotj' 6 s 25 ['nn '3D] .jnviDK.rwtm 7 M 26 8 T 27 9 W 28 10 Th 29 11 F 30 New Moon EHn "H N Num. 28:1-16 * The Book of Bcclesiastes is read. 7 1912, Oct. 12-Nov. 10] HESHVAN 3O DAYS [J1BTI 5673

B.T PROPHETICAL CiTil Jewish PENTATFUCHAL Of tilt Month Month SABBATHS, FESTIVALS. FASTS PORTIONS PORTIONS WMIC nvens I«ihT»n 1 Gen. 6:9—11:32 12 s 1 New Moon B>in "H '3 ,nj 1 Num. 28: 9-15 la. 66 13 s 2 14 M 3 15 T 4 16 W 5 17 Th 6 18 F 7 19 S 8 Gen. 12:1—17: 27 Is. 40:27-41:16 20 s 9 21 M 10 22 T 11 23 W 12 24 Th 13 25 F 14 III Kings 4:1-87 26 S 15 KIM Gen. 18:1—33:24 1 Seph. 4:1-23 27 s 16 28 M 17 29 T 18 30 W 19 31 Th 20 Nov. 1 F 21 2 S 22 mK> "PI Gen. 23:1—26:18 I Kings 1:1-31 3 s 23 4 M 24 5 T 25 6 W 26 7 Th 27 laipvsi pp lias av 8 F 28 9 S 29 ['nn 'a»i .nn^in Gen. 25:19—28: 9 I Sam. 20:13-42 10 s 30 New Moon B>in 'Tl 'N Num. 28:1-15 1912. Nov. 11—Dec. 10] KISLEV 30 DAYS [1^D3 5673

Ciril Day Jewish PENTATEUCHAL PROPHETICAL Month of the Month SABBATHS. FESTIVALS. FASTS PORTIONS PORTIONS Week TWBHB nnosn Nov. Drier 11 M 1 New Moon BHn "H '3 Num. 28:1-16 12 T 2 13 W 3 14 Th 4 f Hos. 12:18-14:10; 15 F 5 I or 11: 7—12:1?; | or 11: 7-14:10 16 S 6 Gen. 28:10-32: 3 17 s 7 18 M 8 19 T 9 20 W 10 21 Th 11 f Hos. 12:18-14:10; 22 F 12 J or 11: 7—12:12; 1 or Obad. 1:1-21 23 S 13 Gen. 32:4—36:43 [Seph.Obad. 1:1-21 24 s 14 25 M 15 26 T 16 27 W 17 28 Th 18 29 F 19 30 S 20 Gen. 37:1-40:23 Amos 2: 6—3: 8 Dec. 1 s 21 2 M 22 3 T 23 4 W 24 j Hanukah, Feast of Dedication ( Num. 7:1-17 1 Seph. 6:22—T: 17 5 Th 25 I Num. 7:18-29 1 Seph. 7:18-23 6 F 26 I Gen. 41:1-47: 17 i Num. 7:24-35 Zech. 2: 14—4: 7 7 S 27 t'nn'ao] .fP» 1 Seph. 7:24-29 (Num. 7: 30-41 8 S 28 1 Seph. 7:30-35 j Num. 7:36-47 9 M 29 1 Seph. 7:36-41 J Num. 28:1-16; 7:42-63 10 T 30 New Moon BHn '"H 'X ISeph. 28:1-15; 7:42-47 1912, Deo. 11-1913, Jan. 8] TEBET 29 DAYS 5673

Dij PENTATEUCHAL PROPHETICAL Civil of tko Jewish SABBATHS. FESTIVALS, FASTS PORTIONS PORTIONS Montk Month Week nvens ni-iBQn Deo Tebet |Num.28:l-15;7:48-59 11 w 1 New Moon BHn "11 '1 jSeph. 28:1-15:7:48-53 12 Th 2 Eighth Day of Hanukah Num. 7:51-8: 4 13 F 3 14 S 4 eon Gen. 44:18—47: 27 Ezek. 37:15-28 15 s 5 16 M 6 17 T 7 18 W 8 19 Th 9 20 F 10 j Fast of Tebet (Is. 55: 6—66: 8 1 men mw Dis Ex. 32:11-14; 34:1-10 1 Seph. none 21 S 11 Gen. 47: 28—Rfl; 26 I Kings 2:1-12 22 s 12 23 M 13 24 T 14 25 W 15 26 Th 16 27 F 17 I Is. 27: 6—88:13; < 29:22,23 28 S 18 mot? Ex. 1:1—6:1 (Seph. Jer. 1:1—3:3 29 s 19 30 M 20 31 T 21 Jan. 1 W 22 2 Th 23 3 F 24 4 S 25 Ex. 6:2-9: 35 Ezek. 18: 25-19: 21 5 s 26 6 M 27 7 T 28 8 W 29

10 1913, Jari.9-Peb.7] SHEBAT 3O DAYS 1133^5673

PENTATEUCHAL PROPHETICAL Civil of the Jewish PORTIONS PORTIONS Honth Month SABBATHS, FESTIVALS, FASTS Week: nvtna rmtosn Jan. Shebtt 9 Th 1 New Moon BHPI "\ Num. 38:1-15 10 F 2 11 S 3 to Ex. 10: 1-13: 16 Jer. 46:13-28 12 s 4 13 M 5 14 T 6 15 W 7 16 Th 8 17 F 9 1 Judges 4: 4—6: 31 18 S 10 PITB> nae>. n^>E>3 Ex. 13:17—17:16 1 Seph. 6:1-31 19 s 11 20 M 12 21 T 13 22 W 14 23 Th 15 New Year for Trees HU^tA iY'T 24 F 16 j Is. 6:1—7:fi;9:5, 6 25 S 17 rur Ex. 18:1—20:23 I Seph. C: 1-13 26 S 18 27 M 19 28 T 20 29 W 21 30 Th 22 31 F 23 Feb 1 S 24 ['nr»'31D],D'DSE>» Ex. 21:1—34:18 Jer. 34:8-22; 33:26,26 2 s 25 3 M 26 4 T 27 5 W 28 6 Th 29 7 F 30 New Moon BHn "H 'N Num. 28:1-15

11 1913, Fet . 8-Mch. 9] ADAR 30 IDAYS [TIS 5673

Day PENTATEUCHAL PROPHETICAL vlTll of the Month SABBATHS. FESTIVALS, FASTS PORTIONS PORTIONS Month Week nncsn Ad»r

Feb. 1- H J Ex. 26:1—27:19 8 s New Moon EHn 'T1 '3 ,nO1TI I Num. 38: 9-15 18.68 9 s 2 10 M 3 11 T 4 12 W 5 13 Th 6 14 F 7 15 S 8 Ex. 27: 20—30:10 Ezek. 43:10-27 16 s 9 17 M 10 18 T 11 19 W 12 20 Th 13 21 F 14 |Bp onis (IKings.l8:l(or20) < -39 22 S 15 «?n '3 Ex. 30:11-34:85 (Seph. 18:20-39 23 s 16 24 M 17 25 T 18 26 W 19 27 Th 20 28 F 21 Mch J I Kings 7: 40-50 1 S 22 Ex. 35:1—38: 20 1 Seph. 7:13-26 2 s 23 3 M 24 4 T 25 5 W 26 6 Th 27 tDlpiOl JDp "11B3 DV 7 F 28 (Ex. 38:21-40:38; 30: (II Kings 12:1-17 8 S 29 ['nn '30] ,D^pB> 'B .HlpB 1 11-16 1 Seph. 11:17—12:17 9 s 30 New Moon VT\T\ "TI 'N Num. 28:1-15 3913, Mch. 10 —Apl. 7] ADAR SHENI 23 DAYS MB> T1K 5673

Jewish PENTATEUCHAL PROPHETICAL CiYil of*he PORTIONS PORTIONS lfnnth Month SABBATHS, FESTIVALS, FASTS AOUtU Veok nvena nntasn Moh Idarll 10 M 1 New Moon BHn "H '3 Num. 38:1-15 11 T 2 12 W 3 13 Th 4 14 F 5 15 S 6 Lev. 1:1—5: 36 Is.43:31-44:33 16 S 7 17 M 8 18 T 9 19 W 10 1 Fast of Esther Ex. 33:11-14; 34:1-10 I Is. 55: 6—66: 8 11 1 Seph. none 20 Th 1 LDnpiD] "inDK DW 21 F 12 I Lev. 6:1—8: 36 j I Sam. 15: 3-34 22 S 13 TOT 'B .IV 1 Deut. 36:17-19 1 Seph. 16:1-34 23 s 14 Purlm, Feast of Esther* DniB Ex. 17: 8-16 24 M 15 Shushan Purlm D'TiB JEW 25 T 16 26 W 17 27 Th 18

28 F 19 J Lev. 9:1—11: 47 I Ezek. 36: lfi-38 29 S 20 .TIB 'B /3W 1 Num. 19 1 Seph. 36:16-36 30 s 21 31 M 22 Apl. 1 T 23 2 W 24 3 Th 25 4 F 26 ( Lev. 13:1—13: 69 (Ezek. 45:16—4fi: 18 5 S 27 t'nn 'an] .tsnnn 'a ,rnm j Ex. 13:1-30 1 Seph. 45:18—46:15 6 s 28 7 M 29 Jt3p TiB3 DV

•The Book of Esther is read. 13 1913, Apl. 8—May 7] NISAN 30 DAYS [JD'J 5673

PROPHETICAL Civil Bay Jewish PENTATEUCHAL Month of the Month SABBATHS, FESTIVALS, FASTS PORTIONS PORTIONS Week nrena nnasn Apl. Hisan 8 T 1 New Moon BHn K"N"I Num. 28:1-15 9 W 2 10 Th 3 11 F 4 12 S 5 Lev. 14: 1—15: 33 II Kings 7: 3-20 13 s 6 14 M 7 15 T 8 16 W 9 17 Th 10 18 F 11 ( Mai. 3: 4-24 or j Amos 9: 7-15 19 S 12 Snan me ,m» nn« Lev. 16:1—18:30 ( Seph. Mai. 3: 4-24 20 s 13 21 M 14 f Fast of the First-Born t Dmaa r\':vn 1 Ex. 12: 21-51 I Josh. 3: 5-7; 22 T 15 < 5: 2-6: 1, 27 Passover riDDT 'K i Num. 28:16-25 1 Seph. 5:2—fi: 1,27 J Lev. 22: 26-23: 44 j II Kings 23:1 (or 4) 23 W 16 ( Passover, First Day of 'Omer 1 Num. 28:16-25 (Ex. 13:1-6 | -9,21-26 24 Th 17 1 riDDl '3 1 Num. 28:19-25 j Ex. 22: 24-23:19 25 F 18 1 Num. 28:19-25 ninon "pin j Ex. 33: 12-34:26 1 Ezek. 36:37-37:14 26 S 19 I Num. 28:19-25 1 Seph. 37: 1-14 i • J Num. 9:1-14 27 S 20 J 1 Num. 28:19-25 \ Ex. 13:17—16: 26 II Sam. 22 28 M 21 Passover riDDl 'T 1 Num. 28:19-26 j Deut. 16:19—16:17 Is. 10:32—12: 6 29 T 22 Passover riDST 'PI t Num. 28:19-26 30 W 23 May Th 24 1 f Amos 9:7-16; or F 25 j Ezek. 22:l-19(or-16) 2 1 Seph. Ezek. 20:2 (or 3 S 26 ['nn 'ao] ,D

PROPHETICAL Oiril Jewish PENTATEUCHAL Vonth of tie Month SABBATHS, FESTIVALS, FASTS PORTIONS PORTIONS nrns nnosn May Iy»r

8 Th i— i New Moon EHn "H '3 Num. 28:1-15 9 F 2 10 S 3 •11OK Lev.21:l-24:23 Ezek. 44:15-31 11 s 4 12 M 5 13 T 6 14 W 7 15 Th 8 16 F 9 17 S 10 •J'D in3 Lev. 25:1-26: 2 Jer. 32: 6-27 18 s 11 19 M 12 20 T 13 21 W 14 *yv nDB 22 Th 15 23 F 16 24 S 17 •nipm Lev. 26: 3-27: 34 Jer. 16:19—17:14

25 s 18 33d Day of'Omer "I»W3 £) 26 M 19 27 T 20 28 W 21 29 Th 22 30 F 23 31 S 24 ['nn '3D! ."I31»3 Num. 1: 1—4: 20 Hos. 2: 1-22 June 1 s 25 2 M 26 3 T 27 4 W 28 5 Th 29 |Bp 11B3 DV

2 15 1913, June 6—July 5] StVAN 30 DAYS [|VD 5673

D&y PENTATEUCHAL PROPHETICAL Month of the J 8 WlSu SABBATHS, FESTIVALS. FASTS PORTIONS PORTIONS Week Month nrnaan June SiT&n 6 F 1 New Moon KHn t^NI Num. 28: 1-16 7 S 2 am Num. 4: 21—7: 89 Judges 13:2-25 8 s 3 9 M 4 10 T 5 1 Ex. 19:1—20: 26 Ezek. 1:1-28; 3:12 11 W 6 Feast of Weeks JIWUBH 'N (Num. 28:2K-31 I Deut. 14: 22-16:17 I Hab. 3:1-19 12 Th 7 Feast of Weeks* mrUKH '2 I Num. 28: 26-31 1 Seph. 2: 20—3:19 13 F 8 in nDK 14 S 9 Num. 8:1—12:16 Zech. 2:14—4: 7 15 s 10 16 M 11 17 T 12 18 W 13 19 Th 14 20 F 15 21 S 16 Num. 13:1-15: 41 Josh. 2 22 s 17 23 M 18 24 T 19 25 W 20 26 Th 21 27 F 22 28 S 23 ['nn 'ID] ,mp Num. 16:1-18: 32 I Sam. 11:14-12:22 29 s 24 30 M 25 July 1 T 26 2 W 27 3 Th 28 [mpi»] jtsp IIEO DV 4 F 29 5 S 30 New Moon wm "in 's ,npn Num. 19:1 22:1; 28:9-15 Is. 66 * The Book of Ruth is read. 16 1913, July 6—Aug. 3] TAMMUZ 29 DAYS [T1Dn 5673

D»J PENTATEUCHAL PROPHETICAL Oiril of the Jewish SABBATHS, FESTIVALS, FASTS PORTIONS PORTIONS Month Weak Month nntaen July 'gflpmTJi 6 s 1 New Moon K>*in ""H '3 Num. 28:1-15 7 M 2 8 T 3 9 W 4 10 Th 5 11 F 6 12 S 7 Num. 22: 2—25: 9 Mlcah 5: 6—fi: ft 13 s 8 14 M 9 15 T 10 16 W 11 17 Th 12 18 F 13 19 S 14 Dnra Num. 26: 10-30:1 I Kings 18: 46-19: 21 20 s 15 21 M 16 f Fast of Tammuz 1 Is. 55: 6—56: 8 22 T 17 1 TlDn3 "1ET HIDE? D1¥ Ex. 32:11-14; 34:1-10 1 Seph. none 23 W 18 24 Th 19 25 F 20 26 S 21 moo Num. 30: 2—32: 42 Jer. 1:1-2:3 27 s 22 28 M 23 29 T 24 30 W 25 31 Th 26 Aug. 1 27 F j Jer. 3:4-28; 3:4 2 S 28 ['nn '3»] MUD Num. 33:1—36:13 ) Seph. 2:4-28; 4: 1, 2 3 s 29 Jt3p TI33 DV

17 1913, Aug. 4-Sept.U] AB 30 DAYS [3K 5673

Bay PENTATEUCHAL PROPHETICAL of the J ewisfl SABBATHS, FESTIVALS, FASTS PORTIONS PORTIONS Month Week Monti nnosn Aug. ib 4 M 1 New Moon BHn 65>X") Num. 28:1-15 5 T 2 6 W 3 7 Th 4 8 F 5 9 S 6 prn 'v .on3T Deut. 1:1—3:22 18.1:1-27 10 S 7 11 M 8 (Morning: (Deut. 4:25-40 Jer. 8:13—9:231 12 T 9 Fast of Ab* 3K3 PWBTI D1X < Afternoon: I Afternoon: 1 Ex.32:11-14:34:1-10 1 la. 55:6—56:8 13 W 10 Seph. HOB. 14:2-10 iMIcah 7:18-20 14 Th 11 15 F 12 16 S 13 lorn 'B> .pnriNi Deut. 3:23—7:11 Is. 40:1-26 17 s 14 18 M 15 3N3 •y&v ne>on 19 T 16 20 W 17 21 Th 18 22 F 19 23 S 20 3py Deut. 7:12—11:25 18.49:14—51:3 24 s 21 25 M 22 26 T 23 27 W 24 28 Th 25 29 F 26 30 S 27 ['nn '30] .nsi Deut. 11:26—16:17 18.64:11-66:5 31 s 28 Sept 1 M 29 |»p 1133 UV 2 T 30 New Moon BHn 'Tj 'K Num. 28:1-16 * The Book of Lamentations Is read. 18 1913, Sept. 3—Oct. 1] ELUL 29 DAYS [^1T>K 5673

Day PENTATEUCHAL PROPHETICAL Ciril lewish PORTIONS Month of the Month SABBATHS. FESTIVALS, FASTS PORTIONS Week nwnB Sept. Elul 3 w 1 New Moon* BHn "\1 '2 Num. 28:1-15 4 Th 2 5 F 3 6 S 4 Deut. 16:18—21:0 Is. 51:12—52:12 7 s 5 8 M 6 9 T 7 10 W 8 11 Th 9 12 F 10 13 S 11 NXnVD Deut. 21:10—25:19 Is. 54:1-10 14 s 12 15 M 13 16 T 14 17 W 15 18 Th 16 19 F 17 20 S 18 sun'3 Deut. 26:1-29: 8 Is. 60 21 s 19 22 M 20 23 T 21 24 W 22 25 Th 23 26 F 24 27 S 25 Deut. 29:9—31:30 la. 61:10-63:9 28 s 26 Sellhot* nin^D^> D'D'SK'D 29 M 27 30 T 28 Oct. 1 W 29 n"i air

* The Sephardim say Selihot during the whole month of Elul. 19

AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES OF THE JEWS IN AMERICA

BY LEONAED G. EOBINSON *

GENEEAL MANAGER, THE JEWISH AGRICULTURAL AND INDUSTRIAL AID SOCIETY, NEW YORK CITY

INTRODUCTION There is a tendency to go far afield in the discussion of agriculture as a vocation. This tendency is specially evident in the treatment of the Jew as an agriculturist. It is argued by some that the Jews, having been originally an agricultural people, should go back to the calling of their forefathers. Others, on the contrary, maintain that since they have not been tillers of the soil for nearly two thousand years, it is folly to expect Jews to make a success at it at this late date. Both sides seem to overlook the fact that the only inducement to engage in agriculture or, indeed, in any other occupation, is the individual profit and satisfaction expected therefrom. If a man can improve his condition—not necessarily financial—on a farm, it is a good reason for his becoming a farmer. If not, there is every reason for his staying away. As for the Jewish farmer, it does not always occur to either side that he is a human being and is actuated by the same motives, and must be judged by the same standards, as the average human being.

* I desire to express my thanks to Professor Morris Loeb, Mr. Cyrus L. Sulzberger, Dr. Herbert Friedenwald, and Mr. Gabriel Davidson, for the revision of the manuscript and for their many valuable suggestions which have been freely incorporated in this article. 22 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

Judging from the discussions frequently seen on the subject it might be supposed that the movement of the Jew toward the farm is very recent; that there is a great hiatus between the Jewish farmer of Biblical times and of the present day; and that the Jewish farmer of to-day is a hothouse plant carefully nurtured by the money and efforts of his philanthropic coreligionists. As a matter of fact, there never was a time when Jews did not engage in agriculture, and this notwithstanding the vexatious restrictions designed to uproot them from the soil and force them into industrial and commercial life. The present-day movement toward the soil is merely the result of the removal of the restrictions that made agriculture to the Jew a forbidden or a hazardous occupation. It is true that expulsions and pogroms have necessitated the establishment of philanthropic organizations without which it would have been impossible to deal with the exceptional conditions affecting the lives of so many distracted and uprooted human beings. But these organizations are now constantly engaged in eliminating the eleemosynary element, and are acting merely as guides, directing and encouraging those who are anxious, of their own initiative, to take up farming for a livelihood. For the most part, this article endeavors to relate the story of the activities of the Jews in agriculture on the American continent. By reason of the traditional ties that bind the Jews of the world to Palestine; the direct relations of a varied character that the Jews of the United States have with Pales- tine; and the extent to which resettlement there may in the future have effect in diverting the stream pouring out of Eussia, it has been deemed appropriate to open with a sketch of the colonizing undertakings in Palestine. AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES OF JEWS IN AMERICA 23

The close interrelation between the Eussian exodus and the growth of agricultural activities in America has also made it appropriate that an account should be given of Bussian-Jewish agriculture.

PALESTINE In all likelihood the dispersion of the Children of Israel after the taking of Jerusalem by the Eomans was not as thorough as is generally believed. Many Jews must have remained in their own country, and not a few doubtless followed their customary vocations. It is therefore not only possible but quite probable that some Jews have always been farming in Palestine. Benjamin of Tudela records the finding of Jewish farming settlements in the Holy Land in 1170, and in 1481 Volterra found a settlement of about sixty Jewish farmers at Gaza. Other travellers tell of similar discoveries from time to time. But the rehabilitation of Jewish agriculture in Palestine had its beginning only in the latter part of the nineteenth century. In the early fifties considerable agitation was set on foot throughout Europe, aiming at the return of the Jews to the Holy Land. Cremieux, Sir Moses Montefiore, and others, devoted much time and attention to the furtherance of this idea. In his " Diaries " Sir Moses speaks of colonizing some thirty-five families from Safed. But whether a beginning was actually made, where this colony was located, or what became of it, is not clear. Nothing of a tangible nature seems to have been accomplished until the Alliance Israelite Universelle was induced to take an interest in the movement. This organization was founded in Paris in 1860, as a result of the persecutions to which the 24 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

Jews of Eastern Europe and other Eastern countries were subjected. Its object was to promote the general moral progress of the Jews and to protect those suffering from persecution. In 1868, at the solicitation of several Rabbis, the Alliance sent Charles Netter, one of its organizers, to Palestine to investigate the possibility of locating Jews upon farms. The result of Netter's visit was the founding, in 1870, of the Agricultural School of Mikweh-Israel, for which purpose the Sultan donated 650 acres of land, east of Jaffa, on the road from Jaffa to Jerusalem. The object of this school was to train Jewish youths as agriculturists, to form nuclei of Jewish colonies eventually to be established in Palestine. Up to October 31, 1908, the number of pupils that had attended the school was 857, of whom 405 were graduated after taking the full course of seven years. The school's equipment is modern, and the instruction is practical as well as scientific. The number of pupils registered in 1908-1909 was seventy-eight. Graduates of the school are to be found on their own farms in Palestine and elsewhere. Some are employed as agricultural instructors in the colonies and in Turkish provinces other than Palestine, while those who show exceptional promise are sent to pursue post-graduate work in the agricultural schools of France. Contrary to the general belief, which makes Petach-Tikwah the oldest colony, this distinction seems to belong to Mozah, a suburb of Jerusalem. Rabbi Hirsch Kalischer, of Thorn, Prussia, and other Rabbis in Europe sent out an appeal urging the establishment of agricultural colonies in Palestine, with a view to improving the condition of the Jews living in that country. Funds were collected, 127 acres of land were bought, and in 1873 several families were placed thereon. These pioneers had a hard struggle for existence, but to-day the little AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES OF JEWS IN AMERICA 35 settlement is in a flourishing condition, and its members are chiefly engaged in viticulture, and in truck farming for the Jerusalem market. The year 1878 saw the founding of the largest and the most prosperous of the Palestinian colonies. Several Jewish residents of Jerusalem bought a tract of land of 767 acres, about six miles north of Jaffa, and named the settlement Petach-Tikwah. A part of the land was low, marshy, and malarial, and most of the colonists were attacked by fever, and obliged to leave. But in 1883 the Society Hovevei Zion of Odessa placed a few Russian immigrants from Bielistock on the abandoned land. Profiting by the experience of the former colonists, the houses of the new settlers were built on higher and healthier ground. This proved more successful, and many of these settlers, or their children, are still cultivating their original holdings. Thus far the motives for Jewish colonization in Palestine were, on the one hand, economic—the encouragement of the poverty-stricken and dependent Jews in the cities of Palestine to become self-supporting and self-respecting—and, on the other, religious. Neither of these motives seems to have been sufficiently strong to exercise a perceptible influence on Jewish agriculture in the Holy Land. The impetus to Jewish colonization in Palestine and elsewhere was given by the renewed outbreak of persecution and lawlessness that raged in Eussia in the early eighties. A general exodus took place. The border- ing countries were overrun with destitute refugees having no objective point. Soon a wave of nationalism swept over Euro- pean Jewry, and the cry went forth that the only salvation for the Jew was to return to the land of his forefathers. Dr. Pinsker's " Auto Emancipation " and other books and articles favoring that course made their appearance. The agitation 26 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK gained momentum. Committees were organized in nearly every centre in Europe, and funds were collected for the cause. The Alliance Israelite Universelle had no faith in the movement, and showed little interest in it. Yet the tide was strong, and many refugees, with or without assistance or encouragement from their more fortunate brethren, emigrated to Palestine with the object of establishing themselves as tillers of the soil. But the greatest impetus to Palestinian colonization has arisen as the result of the modern Zionist movement organized by Dr. Theodor Herzl in 1896. The first of the colonies to be founded as a result of the conditions just described was Rishon-le-Zion. In 1882 several Russian refugees from Moghileff, led by Hirsch Leventin, bought land about six miles south of Jaffa, on the road from Jaffa to Gaza, The same year saw the founding of the colony Wady-el-Chanin two miles away, also by Russian Jews, and of the colonies of Sammarin (Zichron-Jakob) in Samaria and of Rosh-Pina in Galilee by Roumanian Jews. About one hundred students from Russian universities came the same year to work as farm laborers. These students were members of an organization called " Bilu," which word is made up of the initial letters of the Hebrew phrase meaning " come let us go to the house of Jacob." They eventually founded the colony of Hedera. In 1883 some Russian immigrants founded the colony of Yessod-Hamaaleh in Galilee. These colonists, like those who preceded them, were chiefly merchants and mechanics. They had no knowledge of agriculture, and what little money they had was soon lost in their venture. The economic situation of this settlement as well as that of the other Palestinian colonies at that time became extremely precarious. But the AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES OF JEWS IN AMERICA 27 colonists of Yessod-Hamaaleh enlisted the interest of the Hovevei Zion of Eussia, and a committee of two was sent to Paris, who induced Baron Edmond de Eothschild to come to the assistance of this colony. The first step taken by Baron Rothschild was to build an irrigation plant in Yessod-Hamaaleh, using Lake Huleh as a reservoir. He also planted a nursery garden, and encouraged the cultivation of roses, which has since become its chief industry. These are distilled into attar of roses in a perfume distillery Baron Eothschild erected. He also came to the assistance of the other colonies, and it was due largely to his generosity that they survived. In Eishon-le-Zion he undertook the development of viticulture on a large scale. To prevent phyllox- era, American vine stocks were imported, on which French shoots were grafted. A large wine cellar was erected, modern equipment was installed for the manufacture of wine, and experts from France were sent to assist in the development of Palestinian wine growing and the making of wines and cognacs. It took ten years, and it cost Baron Eothschild millions of francs, to bring Palestinian viticulture to its present state of development. Mulberry trees for the culture of the silk-worm and fruit trees, such as almonds, figs, and citrus fruit, were also planted in this and other colonies. Baron Eothschild also took the colony Sammarin under his protection, and renamed it Zichron-Jakob, after his father. There, too, he planted a nursery garden, erected a wine cellar, and a steam flour mill. Expert agriculturists were also sent to Eosh-Pina to plant fruit trees, especially of the citrus variety, besides olives and almonds. In 1884 Baron Eothschild bought a tract of land in Ekron, and named the colony Mazkeret- Bathya, after his mother. Petach-Tikwah was taken in hand in 28 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

1887. He planted eucalyptus trees around the marshes to eradicate the malaria, and with the improvement of sanitary conditions, this colony grew rapidly, and is now the largest and most flourishing of Palestinian colonies. Baron Eothschild's effective interest in Palestine served to preserve the existing colonies. But the influence of his activity extended beyond the colonies which he had founded or assisted. Newly established organizations, having as their object the development of Palestinian agriculture, began to buy land for colonization. Hedera and Kefar-Saba were established by the Ezra, a German society founded in 1884 with the object of establishing Jewish farm laborers in the colonies upon farms of their own. Kinneret was founded by the Palestine Land Development Company of England, and Merhawya by the Erez Yisroel Siedlungsgesellschaft of Cologne. Colonies were also established by immigrants independently and without assistance from any source. Rehobot, for example, was founded by immigrants from Warsaw, and Artuf by Bulgarians. A measure of the interest in Palestinian colonization may be gathered from the fact that between the years 1883 and 1896 twenty-two colonies were founded. In 1896 the Jewish Colonization Association (ICA), upon the urgent solicitation of Baron Eothschild, began loaning money to colonists in Palestine. The following year it bought 4400 acres of land in Galilee, on which the colony of Sedjera was founded, and farm laborers from other colonies were placed thereon as tenants. In 1910 Baron Rothschild, wishing to perpetuate his work through a permanent organization, turned over the affairs of his colonies in Palestine to the ICA. From the very first, this organization gradually withdrew paternal supervision from the colonies, and used every effort to AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES OF JEWS IN AMERICA 29 place their affairs in the hands of local bodies and make the individual colonists self-governing and independent. A striking illustration of the effect of this action was the organization, in 1906, of the Societe Cooperative de Vignerons (Wine Growers Association) to which organization the ICA turned over the wine-cellars of Eishon-le-Zion and Zichron-Jakob. These cellars had been conducted by Baron Rothschild at a considerable annual loss. The cooperative association not only brought better net results to the wine growers, but was able in 1911 to pay to Baron Rothschild 450,000 francs on account of its indebtedness to him. The Jewish Colonization Association, besides lending its moral and financial assistance in the way of loans to the existing colonies, owns considerable land in various parts of Palestine, on which it employs Jewish farm laborers. After a period of probation farms are rented to them, and they are subsequently established upon farms of their own. In accordance with the figures given by the Zionist organization, the number of Jewish agricultural colonies in Palestine in 1911, was forty-one, comprising a population of about 9500 souls and occupying 79,072 acres of land. Following is a table giving the names of the colonies, date of foundation, area, and population; also the gross income of each colony for the year 1910, when obtainable. (For Table, see p. 30.) In addition to these colonies, considerable land is held by Baron Rothschild, the Jewish Colonization Association, the Palestine Land Development Company of London, the Geulah Society of Odessa, the Agudath Netaim of Jaffa, the Hoachooza Society of St. Louis, and a number of public- spirited individuals, with a view to future settlement. The economic situation of the Jewish colonies in Palestine has improved from year to year. The figures given in the 30 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

Name Year Area Population Gross income

I. JTJDEA Hectares* Francst Mikweh-Israel 1870 226 150 Mozah 1873 69 28 Petach-Tikwah 1878 2275 1600 466,971 Katra 1882 600 150 76,415 Kiuhon-le-Zion 1882 1180 1000 121,213 Wady-el-Chanin 1882 285 200 Jehudie 1883 12 15 Ekron (M azkeret-Battaya) 1884 1275 300 144,918 Kastinieh 1888 560 150 Rehobot 1890 1300 eon 128, «5 Artuf 1896 460 60 Ben-Schamen 1908 210 100 Bir-Jakob 1B07 200 70 Ain-Ganim 1908 66 100 Hulda 1909 182 40 II. SAMARIA Zichron-Jakob 1882 18W 1000 183,210 Um-el-Dschemal 1889 253 80 Schweja 1891 851 60 Hedera 1891 2760 300 Kefar-Saba 1894 635 30 Atlit 1897 460 50 Hefzfbah 1905 200 8 Tantura 40 16 III. GALII/EE Rosh-Pina 1882 3800 800 48,096 Yessod-Hamaaleh... 1883 910 300 29,913 Mishmar-Hayarden . 1890 230 100 27,453 Ain- Seitun 1891 509 20 Metula 1896 1360 310 69]685 Sedjera 1899 1850 200 Sfahanayim 1899 100 100 Milhamie 1903 1350 100 74,000 Mes'cha 1902 900 200 70,122 Yamraa 1902 2750 400 91,027 Kinneret 1908 650 13,300 Delakai Mizpah 1908 '360 40 Dag-ania 1909 320 80 Migdal 1910 450 100 Merhawya 1911 900 100 Poreah 1911 350 30 IV. TRANSJORDANIA Bene Jehud a 1888 316 83

* A hectare is equivalent to 2.471 acres. t These figures were taken from the ICA report for 1910. AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES OF JEWS IN AMERICA .31 preceding table, showing the gross income of some of the colonies, do not truly represent the exact situation. The year 1910, besides being one of severe drought, was also a sabbatical year, and not a few of the colonists observed it as of yore. In Yessod-Hamaaleh, for example, out of thirty-two colonists, twenty-one observed the sabbatical year, and not only did they not cultivate their lands, but even neglected harvesting their fruits. Many of the colonists have liquidated their debts to Baron Rothschild and are prosperous. A colonist in Rishon-le-Zion, by the name of Levine, sold 5500 cases of oranges in 1910, from which he realized 16,000 francs; another, by the name of Abramovitz, distilled 20 kilos of attar of roses, which he sold at 35 francs per kilo. The area planted with oranges in the colonies of Judea alone is about 1750 acres, representing an investment of over 5,000,000 francs. The grapes taken in 1910 by the Wine Growers Association from the colonists in Judea and Samaria amounted to about 1000 tons. However, viticulture appears to have been overdone, and the Wine Growers Association has paid the cost of replacing the vineyards with fruit trees in some of the colonies, where the grapes are not of a high quality. The Pardess (Orange Growers Association) is doing among the fruit growers what the first named association does for the wine growers. Improved farming methods are being adopted constantly, and wherever possible irrigation plants are constructed. Besides the cultivation of fruit, such as oranges, as well as almonds and olives, the raising of cereals, wheat, barley, and so on, is engaged in to a constantly increasing extent. Some cotton is raised in Petach-Tikwah and Milhamie, but with indifferent success. In Metula, the summer boarding industry adds considerably to the income of the 3 32 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

colony. In all the colonies each settler usually has a stone house, a kitchen, and flower garden, besides a horse or other beast of burden, a cow or goat, and some poultry. The municipal affairs of the colonies are gradually being assumed by local elective boards. In many of the colonies the public utilities are owned and controlled by the colonists co- operatively. Each colony has one or more synagogues, a school building, and some a town hall, a hospital, and other public or communal buildings. In the schools the teaching is conducted, as a rule, in Arabic and Hebrew. Most of the colonies also have kindergartens. The religious schools (Talmud Torahs) in many of them are conducted by the Freie Vereini- gung, a German society. As to agricultural education, besides Mikweh-Israel, the Jewish National Fund established, in 1911, in the colony Ben-Schamen, an agricultural school in connection with the industrial school Bezalel. A number of other societies also conduct in the colonies educational work of various kinds.

THE JEWISH AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION AT HAIFA The growth of the Jewish colonies has opened the eyes of the world to the needs and the possibilities of Palestinian agriculture. Men of science also have become interested in the country as the probable birthplace of our cultivated cereals, wheat and barley. In 1906, Aaron Aaronsohn, the son of one of the Eoumanian pioneers of Zichron-Jakob, found, after painstaking investigation, a few ears of wild wheat growing on the declivities of Mount Hermon. The scientific world hailed the discovery as epoch-making, because of its relation to the possibilities of dry farming in arid regions. AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES OF JEWS IN AMERICA 33

Meantime, the Jewish National Fund of the Zionist organization charged itself, in consequence of a resolution taken by the International Congress held at Basle in 1903, with the collection of moneys for the foundation of an agricultural experiment station in Palestine. Aaronsohn was commissioned to study the question of the hybridization of wild wheat. He travelled extensively in Northern Africa and Southern Europe, and came to America in 1910. While here, he established relations with the United States Department of Agriculture, which took a keen interest in his discoveries, and published a Bulletin by him entitled "Agricultural and Botanical Explorations in Palestine." Through the United States Department of Agriculture, Aaronsohn and his work were brought to the notice of a number of prominent American Jews, who at his initiative established, February 18, 1910, the Jewish Agricultural Experiment Station, a New York corporation, with Julius Kosenwald, of Chicago, president; Morris Loeb, of New York, vice-president; Paul M. Warburg, of New York, treasurer; and Hen- rietta Szold, of New York, secretary. The objects of the corporation, to quote from its by-laws, " are the establishment, maintenance, and support of Agricultural Experiment Stations in Palestine and other countries; the development and improvement of cereals, fruits, and vegetables indigenous to Pales- tine and neighboring lands, the production of new species thera- from and their distribution elsewhere; the advancement of agriculture throughout the world, and the giving of instruction in new and improved methods of farming." The by-laws provide further that " the activities of the corporation shall be conducted exclusively on a scientific and educational basis, without religious, national, or political tendency of any kind." 34 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

Funds were raised by the corporation for installation and the running expenses for a period of five years. The demonstration fields are situated at Atlit, at the foot of Mount Carmel, on land belonging to Baron Rothschild. A sub-station, chiefly for fruit culture, is situated in the Jewish colony of Hedera, on land offered by the colonists for the purpose. A second sub- station is being established on land donated by J. Kremenetsky of Vienna in the neighborhood of the colony of Petach-Tikwah, and other demonstration fields will be planted at Marrah, where a twenty-five acre plot has been put at the disposal of the Station by colonists. Recently Mr. Nathan Straus, of New York, enlarged the available territory of the Station by purchasing for it one of the foothills of Mount Carmel, adjoining the demonstration field at Atlit, on which pomological and re- forestation experiments are to be instituted. Through his generosity a health bureau was also established in connection with the Station. The Station has occupied itself since its establishment with the hybridization of wild cereals. At the same time plantations on a large scale have been made of fruit trees, vines, mulberry trees, various sorts of fodder, and ornamental plants. For the purpose of experimentation with species adapted to the many varieties of soil and climatic conditions that characterize Palestine, plants have been imported from America, from France, and elsewhere. The Station has already won the confidence of the Palestinian public. The Jewish colonists, to the north and the south, resort to it for advice and information, both with regard to their plantings, and with regard to the introduction and use of modern machinery. Even the old-established German Templar colonies, which have long claimed their grapes as the best AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES OF JEWS IN AMERICA 35 grown in Palestine, have enlisted the services of the Station to aid in the solution of difficult agricultural problems.

THE ORIENT Outside of Palestine Jewish agriculture in the Eastern countries is relatively of little importance. The first of the Jewish agricultural activities in these countries was the founding of the Agricultural School of Djedeida in Tunis, in 1895, by the Alliance Israelite Universelle. This school is located on a tract of 4500 acres of land near the city of Tunis. The pupils are mainly drawn from the native Jewish inhabitants, and usually number about a hundred. The ICA contributes toward the maintenance of the school by paying for a certain number of pupils each year, as it does at the school of Mikweh- Israel. Another agricultural school, Or-Jehouda, was founded by the Jewish Colonization Association in 1899 in the vicinity of Smyrna, in Asia Minor. The school is located on a tract of about 7500 acres. In 1901 Otto Warburg, of Berlin, was instrumental in founding two small colonies of Roumanian Jews in Asia Minor, Sazilar and Karaya. Some of the original colonists having left, they were, in 1910, replaced by Eussian immigrants with means of their own, who are making good progress. On the Island of Cyprus the Ahavath Zion Society of Lon- don, composed largely of Eussian Jews from Minsk and War- saw, started three small colonies in 1897, Margo, Cholmakchi, and Kouklia. The total population of these colonies in 1910 was 110. 36 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

EUSSIA The first movement in the direction of placing the Jew upon the soil in. Eussia was initiated by Emperor Alexander I. In 1802 he appointed a commission to study the Jewish question, and upon the recommendation of that commission a plan was outlined for the colonization of Jews in the western and southwestern provinces. The first seven colonies of Jewish farmers were founded in 1806 in the Province of Kherson in New (Southern) Eussia. Permission was given to Jews to buy or rent land. For the assistance of those without means the Government contributed some 80,000 acres of land, besides promising its financial and moral support to the enterprise. Aside from the vexatious restrictions which tended to hamper the new colonists, they were placed upon land suitable only for extensive cultivation, for which they had neither the financial means nor sufficient land. The Government, too, had not kept its pledges, and many of the colonists, finding the situation hopeless, became discouraged and left. Nevertheless, by 1810, some 1690 families were to be found in these colonies. With the exception of 443 additional families settled in 1823, colonization was practically at a standstill. An Imperial edict issued in 1810, and another in 1823, put an end to Jewish colonization for the time. In 1835 Alexander's successor, Emperor Nicholas I, made an effort to revive the movement of colonizing Jews in New Eussia on much more liberal terms. As a further inducement colonists were relieved from taxation and from military service for a certain number of years, and wealthy Jews who founded a colony of one hundred persons were to be raised to the nobility. But the experience of those who had returned from the old colonies in Kherson was not yet forgotten, and the scheme did AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES OF JEWS IN AMERICA 37 not arouse much interest. The following year a commission was appointed by the Emperor, which recommended the fertile plains of the Siberian provinces as more suitable for Jewish colonization. About 40,000 acres of land were appropriated by the Government for this purpose. The new project was hailed with enthusiasm by Jewish leaders as well as by Jews in general. But in 1837, before any of the plans could be carried into effect, another edict of the Czar recalled his former edict, and Jewish colonization in Siberia ended before it began. Meanwhile, applications from Jews throughout Eussia for permission to settle in Siberia had grown to a considerable volume. Many of the would-be colonists, accepting the Govern- ment plan in good faith, did not wait for final arrangements to be completed, and started on their way to Siberia. On reaching their destination, after travelling over two thousand miles, upon orders from St. Petersburg, they were seized and trans- ported to Kherson, where the former colonies were established, a distance of about twenty-five hundred miles. Considering the mode of transportation at the time, it is easy to see what suffering and hardships these helpless would-be colonists must have undergone. Many of them died on the way; others were too ill to continue their journey, and were placed in hospitals en route. Those that reached their destination were too exhausted and too ill to be fit for anything. Several thousand men, women, and children were left by the Government without food or shelter, and the ravages of famine and disease were appalling. Not the least of their troubles was the maltreatment the colonists had received at the hands of the Russian officials in whose charge they had been placed. By 1841, however, four new colonies were started, and in 1845 there were in all, in the province of Kherson, fifteen 38 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

Jewish colonies, comprising 1661 families, with a population of 12,779 souls. After 1849 Jewish colonists were chiefly directed to the province of Ekaterinoslaff. By 1856, fifteen colonies were founded in this province, comprising 766 families. In the province of Bessarabia, nine colonies were founded between the years 1836 and 1853. Despite the many obstacles encountered, Jewish colonization made much headway. Colonies grew up everywhere, and Jews in large numbers also settled on individual farms in nearly every part of the Eussian Empire. In the northwestern provinces the colonization of Jews on Govern- ment as well as on private lands proceeded simultaneously. But in 1859 the further settlement of Jews on Government land was stopped, and in 1864 they were prohibited from settling even on private lands. Jewish colonization ceased, and the May Laws of 1881 served not only to restrict the growth of Jewish agriculture in Eussia, but actually to decrease it. According to official figures for the year 1870, there were in the nine northwestern provinces a total of 216 Jewish farming settlements, covering over 90,000 acres and comprising a, population of 34,475. A canvass made by the Jewish Colonization Association in 1898 shows the number of Jewish fanning colonies in the northwestern, southwestern, and southern provinces to be 296, as follows:

Region Colonies Families Persons Acres

Northwestern Provinces 188 2,731 18,604 66,012.6 Southwestern Provinces 60 2,227 12,165 31,975.6 Southern (New) Russia 48 5,592 32,683 171,390.6 296 10,550 63,342 269,378.6

These figures do not include the settlements in the ten Polish provinces and elsewhere, nor the individual farmers scattered AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES OF JEWS IN AMERICA 39 through the Empire. The first general census of the Eussian Empire, which appeared in 1897, gives the number of Jews engaged in agricultural pursuits as 40,611, and the number of souls dependent upon them for support as over 150,000, making the Jewish farming population in Kussia approximately 200,- 000. The acreage owned by Jews in the Empire is given as 6,422,684. The economic position of the Jewish farmers in Eussia is doubtless growing more precarious from year to year. Bad as is the condition of the Eussian peasant farmer, that of the Jew is infinitely worse. Beginning as they did with 81.1 acres per family, which, with the agricultural methods pursued at that time, was hardly sufficient to give a family of fair size an opportunity to make a respectable living, the holdings of the Jewish farmers constantly decreased, until the average in 1898 for the entire country was as low as 23.4 acres. In the southern provinces (New Eussia) the average is 30.6 acres; in the northwestern provinces 24.2 acres; while in the southwestern provinces it is only 14.3 acres. This reduction was caused, in the first place, by the natural increase in the number of families in these colonies, who had to be provided for from the scanty holdings, which could not be increased either by purchase or lease, but chiefly through the action of the Government, which from time to time deprived Jewish colonists of their holdings of large tracts of Government land, on which they had been previously induced to settle. In the middle of the seventies, for example, more than 89,166 acres of land, or more than fifty per cent, was taken away from the Jewish colonists in the four provinces of Volhynia, Kieff, Podolia, and Tchernigoff. Even as late as 1910, some of the colonists of Kherson were deprived of considerable state land which they had occupied for three- 40 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK quarters of a century. Many Jewish farmers in the Russian Empire are perforce obliged to seek other occupations, or other countries for their agricultural activities. Not a few of the colonists have increased their cultivable area by rental, but inasmuch as it is done without sanction of law, they are, of course, entirely at the mercy of their non-Jewish lessors. Had it not been for the activity of the Jewish Colonization Association, which, in cooperation with the Central Emigra- tion Committee of St. Petersburg, organized by Baron Horace Giinzburg, has exerted every effort to ameliorate the condition of the Jewish farmers in Russia, their condition would have been intolerable. By reason of the inadequacy of the land at the disposal of the colonists, that organization put forth every effort to transform the agriculture of the Jewish farmers to suit the conditions. The ICA encourages a more intensive form of cultivation, to develop the holdings to the best advantage. In the northwestern provinces it has aided the farmers to go into fruit and truck farming; in the southern provinces into viticulture and stock breeding; and in Bessarabia and Podolia into the culture of tobacco, although the sale of tobacco by the colonists is hedged about with many restrictions. In Kherson, for example, with the help of the ICA, sixty-two new vineyards were set out in 1910, and in Bessarabia the number of grapevines planted the same year was 240,725. In some of the colonies of Ekaterinoslaff, the ICA also erected irrigation systems. The ICA likewise established nursery gardens to supply the necessary nursery stock for the colonies, and has in its employ a number of expert agriculturists, who constantly travel about to teach the farmers the most modern methods and to assist them in improving their condition. AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES OF JEWS IN AMERICA 41

The colonists are further granted loans for the purchase of live stock and modern tools and farming implements. These loans are advanced, as a rule, through the Cooperative Credit Associations, of which there are eighteen in operation, which act as fiscal agents of the ICA in their respective localities, and do various forms of cooperative work among their members. The ICA also maintains five agricultural schools. Children of Jewish farmers are especially given every facility to attend these schools. In the year 1910, the school at Minsk had eighteen pupils, that of Novopoltavka fifty pupils, Czen- stonieff nineteen, and Czenstochowa fifteen. The last-named gives special attention to fruit growing, horticulture, and floriculture. Another school, at Orscha, consists merely of an experimental farm worked by the inmates of one of the orphan asylums. With all this, the economic situation of the Jewish farmer in Eussia could not be more deplorable, and unless a radical change in the attitude of the Government takes place, Jewish agriculture in the Russian empire is doomed.

WESTERN BUBOPE Jewish agriculture in the countries of Western Europe has little significance. There are no reports of Jews engaged in agriculture in France, Holland, or England. In Germany there were, in 1907, according to the official census, 3746 Jews engaged in agricultural occupations, farming, forestry, hunting, and fishing. The number of Jewish landowners in Ger- many is small, and they are mainly owners of large estates. Jewish farmers in Germany are to be found only occasionally in the West Prussian provinces and in South Germany. In 42 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

Austria, in the provinces of Galicia and Bukovina, many Jews live in rural districts, and some own a cow or two and a garden patch; but an actual Jewish farmer depending upon the farm for a livelihood is extremely rare. Considerable land is owned and farmed by Jews in these provinces, but they are chiefly large estates. The small Jewish landowner does not work his farm, but as a rule rents it out on shares. The same is true of Hungary and Eoumania. In addition to the five agricultural schools in Eussia, the ICA, in 1899, founded a school at Slobodka-Lesna, near Ko- lomea, in Galicia. It is located on about 2200 acres of land, and its courses are thoroughly practical in character. Besides agriculture, blacksmithing is one of the most important courses. The school also established a large distillery for the manufacture of spirituous liquors. The school had fifty-five pupils in 1910. Another Jewish agricultural school in Europe is the Israelit- ische Erziehungsanstalt at Ahlem, in the vicinity of Hanover, Germany, founded in 1893 by Moritz A. Simon, a banker of Hanover, with an endowment of $750,000. The aim of the school is to teach " agriculture and handicraft—two occupations from which Jews, through circumstances, have been excluded for centuries." The ICA contributes to its support by maintaining a number of pupils from Eussia at the school, which up to 1905 had graduated 170 pupils.

THE JEWISH COLONIZATION ASSOCIATION The revival of persecutions and expulsions in Eussia in 1890, and the urgent appeals to him from prominent members of European Jewry to aid in lifting the burden put upon them by AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES OF JEWS IN AMERICA 43 the large emigration from the affected provinces across the Bussian frontier, caused Baron Maurice de Hirsch to take prompt measures to carry out his long-considered plan of relieving the Jewish situation in Eussia by transplanting a large part of its population to countries where it could live untrammeled by religious bigotry and political oppression. Having concluded that a new country like the Argentine Ee- public might furnish a favorable field for his ambitious philanthropy, he had sent, in 1890, a commission consisting of William Loewenthal, a German physician, C. E. Cullen, an English engineer, and Vanvinckeroy, a Belgian colonel, to study the agricultural opportunities afforded by that country. Their favorable report and the hearty approval and promise of moral support of the Argentine Government led him to enter upon the statesmanlike undertaking that has established his fame for all time. To prepare the way for an orderly emigration, a Central Emigration Committee of prominent Jews, under the presidency of Baron Horace Giinzburg, of St. Petersburg, was soon formed, and the sanction of the Eussian Government for the project was obtained. Stress of circumstances had compelled Baron de Hirsch to embark upon Argentinian colonization before his plans were fully matured. He soon saw that the many difficulties to be overcome in order permanently to carry out a scheme of such magnitude were beyond the capabilities of any individual, and that the responsibility must be shared with other Jews of prominence and public spirit. Accordingly, in September, 1891, the Jewish Colonization Association (ICA) was organized as an English corporation, with a capital of 2,000,000 pounds sterling, Baron de Hirsch furnishing the entire capital. 44 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

Later on he donated to this organization a much larger amount as a trust fund, of which the income alone was to be used, and upon his death he made that corporation his principal legatee. The shares of this corporation he distributed to the Jewish communities of Berlin, Frankfort, Brussels, Paris, and London, who were to name the directors of the organization. However, responsibility for the work of the IC'A rested upon the shoulders of its founder until his death in 1896. The first meeting of the Trustees, or Council, of the ICA convened that year, and comprehensive plans were prepared, aiming at the relief of the persecuted Jews in Russia and other countries, so as to ameliorate their condition, economic, social, as well as political. Besides continuing and developing the work in Argentine, which Baron de Hirsch began in 1891, the ICA, in 1896, as we have seen, came to the assistance of the Jewish colonies in Palestine. It also entered upon a multiplicity of activities of relief and education in the towns of that country. The same year the ICA, with the cooperation of the St. Petersburg Committee, gave attention to the unfortunate Jewish farmers of Russia. It also initiated other work of a constructive and educational character in the congested cities of the Pale and other Jewish centres. Almost simultaneously it extended its activities to Canada and to the United States, in which country Jewish immigration from Russia had assumed large proportions, and where Baron de Hirsch had already created an agency for his philanthropic activities by the establishment of the Baron de Hirsch Fund. The liberality of the ICA alone made possible many educational institutions in the United States working for the economic independence and Americani- zation of the Jewish immigrant. It was due also to the coopera- AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES OF JEWS IN AMERICA 45 tion of the two Baron de Hirsch organizations—the ICA and the Baron de Hirsch Fund—that the Jewish Agricultural and Industrial Aid Society, which has wielded such strong influence upon the agricultural activities of the Jews in the United States, was created. In fact there is hardly a country where Jews are to be found to which the philanthropic activities of the Jewish Colonization Association do not extend.

ARGENTINE The Jewish Encyclopedia (article, " Agricultural Colonies in the Argentine Kepublic") is authority for the statement that Eussian Jews had attempted to establish colonies in Argentine in 1889 and 1890, before Baron de Hirsch commenced his great undertaking. But whatever their extent, these colonies were soon absorbed by the elaborate projects of Baron de Hirsch, which, for the reasons already given, were hastily put in operation with the purchase, early in 1891, of about 62,000 acres of land in the province of Buenos-Ayres, and the founding of the colony of Mauricio. On July 5, 1891, several hundred immigrants were sent by way of Hamburg, and eight hundred more were selected from some four thousand refugees who were stranded in Constantinople. By the end of the year twenty-two hundred persons had been despatched to Argentine. Strict orders had been given to the local committees to choose only experienced agriculturists, but this was not found prac- ticable. The hastily formed local committees which had the selection in charge were not in a position to learn much of the qualifications of the men they were selecting, and besides were anxious to relieve the situation and send out the unfortunate refugees as quickly as possible. As a consequence, many errors of judgment were necessarily made, and Argentinian coloniza- 46 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK tion suffered numerous setbacks because of the inability or disinclination of many of the immigrants to adjust themselves to a new economic life. However, Baron de Hirsch was not discouraged. He continued adding to his holdings in Buenos- Ayres, and also acquired large tracts of land in the provinces of Santa Fe and Entre-Eios. The second colony to be founded by Baron de Hirsch was that of Mo'iseville in the province of Santa Fe, also in 1891. In 1894, the colony of Clara, named after the Baroness de Hirsch, was founded in the province of Entre-Rios. Profiting by former experience, a change was made in the mode of selecting the colonists, the selection being made in Russia from those who were actual agriculturists. Ten groups of about forty families each were sent direct from Russia to Argentine, where everything had been prepared for them. This brought better results. The growth of Argentinian colonies, however, was slow and during the early period numerous difficulties and obstacles were encountered. Many of the colonists, knowing nothing of farming, unprepared to bear the hardships of pioneers, and not receiving the support from the administrators of the colonies they thought they were entitled to, created considerable trouble, and eventually left. Of the 1333 families established upon farms in 1891, but 1023 remained at the end of the year. Be- tween 1892 and 1894 inclusive, 768 new families were located, but there were so many defections that at the end of 1895 only 1021 colonists were left, and in 1893 the number was reduced to 833. From that time on their number increased from year to year, so that by September 30, 1910, there were 2103 families, aggregating 14,289 souls, besides 1205 other families numbering 6826 souls, who came upon their own initiative, to AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES OF JEWS IN AMERICA 47 work as farm laborers. The total population, therefore, of the Argentine colonies in 1910 was 3777 families, aggregating 21,115 souls. The following table gives the names of the colonies, the provinces in which they are located, and their population, as of 1910: Population Colonies Province Families Souls

Molseville Santa F6 785 4,665 Clara Entre-Rlos ... 980 5,530 San Antonio Kntre-Kios... 198 1,117 Santa Isabel Bntre-Eios... 58 335 Lucienville Bntre-Rios • - • 673 3,329 Mauricio Buenos-Ayres 613 3,097 Baron de Hirsch Buenos-Ayres 333 1,753 JBernasconi Pampa 237 1,389 3,777 21,115

The colonies in Argentine, as we have seen, are located in the three provinces of Buenos-Ayres, Bntre-Rios, and Santa Fe, and cover an area of over 500,000 hectares, or about 1,250,000 acres. The system of settlement is a combination of the farm homestead system which prevails in America and the village system of Continental Europe. Clara, for example, is made up of some twenty villages. The total area under cultivation in 1910 was 462,873 acres. One of the most important agricultural industries engaged in by the colonists in Argentine is cattle raising. This was made possible through the foresight of the Jewish Colonization Association, which put a very large part of its land into alfalfa. This not only provides excellent fodder as well as pasture for the live stock of the colonists, but it is otherwise a profitable crop, as it sells at an average of $15 (silver) a ton. The colony of MoTseville alone sold 20,000 tons of baled alfalfa in 1910, besides the seed, which 4 48 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK is sold as high as 60 cents a pound. The colonists also raise wheat, flax, barley, corn, oats, tobacco, and vegetables. Dairy- ing is conducted on an extensive scale. One of the early colonists, who is also conducting a creamery, owns seven hundred milch cows. Creameries are conducted in all the colonies. The cattle raising industry received a severe blow in 1909 from the droughts prevailing that year, some of the colonies losing as much as 25 per cent of their live stock. Nevertheless, their stock in 1910 numbered 181,070 head, of which 98,335 was cattle, 35,380 sheep, and 47,355 horses and other beasts of burden. They also suffered severely from a plague of locusts, which devastated entire fields of some of the colonists. Still, the damage was not irreparable, the total gross income of all the colonies for 1909 amounting to $3,686,046. With constant improvement in the methods of cultivation, and the experience gained by the colonists, their economic position has steadily improved. A fair index to their sound position is the fact that during 1910 they paid back to the ICA $538,429.43. Another proof of the vast improvement that has taken place in these colonies is the fact that land values have almost doubled. In most of the colonies the homes of the settlers, in addition to the dwelling, have all the necessary outbuildings, and are surrounded by shade and fruit trees. Educational facilities in the colonies are excellent. In 1910 there were fifty schools, with 155 teachers and 3538 pupils. In these schools, agriculture is one of the most important courses. In addition to the established colonists, there is a class of immigrants who came to the colonies upon their own initiative, with the intention of working as farm laborers among their farm-owning coreligionists. During the season their earnings are as high as $5 a day, AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES OF JEWS IN AMERICA 49 although, in the winter many of them are obliged to go to Buenos-Ayres or other cities to earn a living. The ICA has looked after the interests of these immigrants and in the colonies has built houses for them, which are rented at a nominal price. Those who show satisfactory progress and prove to be capable workers are eventually placed as independent colonists on the same terms as the older ones. The colonists have imbibed the spirit of cooperation and self-help. Loan societies, which are also engaged in cooperative purchasing and other forms of self-help, have accomplished much for the advancement of the colonists. The purchases made through the Mutua Agricola, the cooperative society of Moiiseville, amounted in 1910 to $297,090. This colony also has a Ladies' Aid Society and a library. The Fondo Communal, a similar society, of the colony Clara, had in 1910 a membership of 748. Similar organizations exist in all the colonies, and there are in addition numerous societies of a purely literary or social nature.

BRAZIL In South America the Jewish Colonization Association has extended its activities to the southern provinces of the Republic of Brazil. In 1904 it purchased a tract of about fifteen thousand acres in the Province of Bio Grande do Sul, and founded the colony of Philippson. The settlement started with forty families, Bessarabian colonists, and it numbered, in 1910, fifty- two families, aggregating a population of 295. The agricultural conditions are about the same as in the Argentine colonies. In 1909, the ICA acquired about 225,000 acres at Quatro Irmaos, in the Province of Passo-Fundo. Of this land about 100,000 acres is in timber, and it is the intention of the ICA 50 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK to make forestry an important part of the work of colonization on that land. CANADA The first Jewish agricultural colony in Canada was founded in 1884 by the Mansion House Committee of London with funds contributed by popular subscription. A tract of land was bought in the district of Moosomin, 220 miles west of Win- nipeg, the capital of Manitoba, and thirty families were settled on it. Sir Alexander Gait, Canadian High Commissioner in London, acted as trustee. The colony, however, had but a brief existence. In 1892, when another wave of emigration from Eussia swept toward Canada, Baron de Hirsch desired to assist some of the immigrants to settle upon farms in the Northwest Terri- tories. The Young Men's Hebrew Benevolent Society, of Mon- treal, agreed to act as agent for Baron de Hirsch in this undertaking. Government land was located in the south of the Prov- ince of Saskatchewan (formerly Assiniboia) near the United States boundary line, and forty-nine families were settled on free homesteads of one-quarter section (160 acres) each. Friends and relatives soon joined them, and the colony grew to seventy-three families. The settlement was named Hirsch after its founder. All the settlers were provided with houses, live stock, farming implements, and provisions for three years, at a total expenditure of about $50,000. When the three years had passed, and the colonists saw that they would thenceforth not only have to rely upon their own resources, but that they would be expected to repay what they had received, they sold out all their chattels, and abandoned the settlement. However, other settlers came in, and this colony, with Oxbow, 24 miles to the AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES OP JEWS IN AMERICA 51 eastward, which, was founded about the same time and is virtually a branch settlement, contains, according to a canvass made in 1911, forty families owning 9760 acres of land. The value of their real and personal property has been appraised at $248,050. The next colony to be founded was Wapella, 120 miles east of Regina, on the Canadian Pacific Railroad. This settlement was started in 1894 by twenty Jewish families, with their own means and without assistance from any source. But in 1901 severe crop failures involved the colonists in serious difficulties, and an appeal for help was made to the Jewish Agricultural and Industrial Aid Society of New York, which granted these settlers twenty-one loans aggregating about $10,000, practically all of which has been repaid. While most of the earlier settlers have left, those that remained have become excellent farmers and are well-to-do. Some of the younger men in the colony are graduates of Canadian agricultural schools, and are farming according to the most scientific methods. This colony is on the site of a former settlement, started in 1886 by John Hepner. Apparently little was done in the way of further settlement in Canada until 1901, when the colony of Lipton was established in Saskatchewan, sixty miles northeast of Regina. In 1904 another colony, Cupar, was founded. This colony is practically an extension of the Lipton colony, and the two are jointly known as the Qu'appelle Colony. In the same year was founded the colony of Bender, in Manitoba, 56 miles north of Winnipeg. This is the only settlement in Canada where the village system of farming prevails, similar to that in Conti- nental Europe. These settlers are largely engaged in mixed farming. The settlement of New Herman, in the province of 52 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

Saskatchewan, was founded the following year. This colony is considered one of the most successful of the Canadian Jewish colonies. Most of the settlers are young men, graduates of the ICA Agricultural School at Slobodka-Lesna in Galicia. In 1906 two new settlements were established, Trochu in Alberta and Edenbridge in Saskatchewan. Trochu is the largest of the Jewish settlements in Canada, It is composed of 89 families and 238 souls, owning an acreage of 19,520. The appraised valuation of both real and personal property belonging to these settlers in 1911 was $318,925. Edenbridge de- rives its name from the fact that the settlement is located on two sides of a river connected by a bridge, which is almost exclusively used by the Jewish settlers, hence Edenbridge (Yiddenbridge), or Jewish bridge. Most of the first settlers came from South Africa, where they worked in the mines. They are energetic and successful fanners, and imbued with public spirit. They built a synagogue and established a library, and the Edenbridge Jewish Cooperative Society, which was recently organized, has already rendered valuable service to its members. In 1908 a group of seven families settled south of Morse, in the Province of Saskatchewan. In 1911 five other new settlements came into existence, Alsask South, Alsask North, and Eosetown in Saskatchewan, and New Hirsch and Spring- field in Manitoba. Some of the settlers in Alsask North had farmed on Government homesteads in North Dakota, while the settlers of New Hirsch were members of the Israeloffka colony in Kherson, Eussia. Springfield consists of four distinct settlements, namely, Springfield, Kilvanan, Birdshill, and Pine Eidge. It is situated about fifteen miles northeast of AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES OF JEWS IN AMERICA 53

Winnipeg. The farmers in this settlement are chiefly engaged in truck gardening and dairying for the Winnipeg market. The type of farming pursued by the Jewish farmers in Canada naturally varies with the locality. They raise wheat in Saskatchewan, and are engaged in mixed farming in Alberta. Gardening is the chief farming industry in Manitoba and dairying in the eastern provinces. The problems encountered by the Jewish farmers in the Canadian Northwest are similar to those which the farmers in the Northwest of the United States have to meet. The severe droughts of the last two years created a serious situation among the Jewish farmers in Canada, but with the help of the ICA they were able to overcome this handi- cap. On the whole, the economic situation of the Jewish farmers in Canada is on a sound foundation. According to the census of 1911, for the nine settlements under the supervision of the ICA the assets of the 390 farmers aggregate a total of $1,297,531. Their liabilities at the same time were $344,106, making the net assets $953,425, or an average of $2445 per farmer. The educational and communal life in the Canadian settlements is fairly satisfactory. The Government provides rural schools in any settlement having twelve children of school age, and school districts cannot exceed five miles square. Easy access to schools for the children of Jewish settlers is therefore the rule. Beligious education is looked after by a Hebrew teacher, who is usually also a Shohet and general ritual prac- titioner. In the rural districts where the farmers are unable to provide their own Hebrew education, they are subsidized in part by the ICA. Some of the colonies have built synagogues in which provision has been made for libraries and recreation halls for lectures and debates. 54 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

With the exception of the first two or three colonies, the Jewish settlements in. Canada are not colonies in the same sense as those, for example, in Palestine, Argentine, or Eussia. Most of the settlements were created by the settlers themselves, who of their own initiative took up Government land, and whatever assistance they may have received from outside sources came after they had already established themselves. Besides these groups of Government homesteaders there are a number of Jewish farmers on purchased individual farms in the eastern provinces of the Dominion. Until 1901 the affairs of the Jewish Colonization Association in Canada were in the hands of the Young Men's Hebrew Benevolent Society, of Montreal. They were then turned over to the Jewish Agricultural and Industrial Aid Society of New York, which was in charge of the ICA's Canadian agricultural work until 1907. Educational and other work continued to be conducted by the Benevolent Society. To consoli- date the work under Canadian auspices a new committee was formed in Montreal, known as the Jewish Colonization Asso- ciation Committee, which has since been in charge of all the activities—including the agricultural—of the Jewish Coloniza- tion Association in Canada. Following are the statistics of the Jewish farmers in Canada for the year 1911:

No. of No. of Liabili- fami- souls Acreage Assets ties lies

Colonies under supervision of the ICA : Western Canada 390 1281 77,994 11,297,531 $344,106 Eastern Canada 53 341 6,440 76,720 83,000 Colonies not under ICA'a supervision 385 1860 51,900 Total 828 3483 136,334 $1,374,251 $376,106 AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES OF JEWS IN AMERICA 55

THE UNITED STATES The Jewish population in the United States has been estimated as in excess of two millions. In this it stands second only to Kussia, which has a Jewish population of more than six millions. However important and extensive Jewish immigration to other lands may be, it cannot soon compare with that to the United States. This country presents to the Jewish immigrant far greater opportunities in every field of human endeavor—professional, industrial, commercial, and, last but not least, agricultural—than any other place to which fate has as yet directed his steps. It is, therefore, meet and proper that the discussion of the Jewish agricultural movement in the United States should be detailed at length, since its importance is quite out of keeping with the numbers engaged in it. Its significance is mainly due to the potentialities presented and to the spon- taneity of its remarkable growth during the last decade. Or- ganized and artificial stimulus ceased at an early period, and the movement has become one by the people. Such organizations as are engaged in fostering it are only acting in the capacity of advisers; merely lending assistance and giving direction to it. The movement of the Jews in the United States toward the farm has gone beyond the capacity of any organization or any number of organizations to control. The most that these organizations can accomplish is to follow the lead set by the immigrants themselves and to cooperate with them as far as the means at their command will permit.

EARLIEST AGRICULTURAL EFFORTS In the very earliest period of American history, and even as far back as colonial days, Jews were known to have engaged in agriculture in various parts of the country. Abraham de Lyon 56 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK brought the wine and silk culture from Portugal to Georgia. Other Jews in that State were engaged in the production of indigo, rice, corn, tobacco, and cotton. In many parts of the South the cotton plantations were largely in the hands of Jews. To-day the number of Jews engaged in agriculture as a pastime—gentlemen farmers—and those engaged in it com- mercially, such as the planters and ranchers in the South and West, runs into the thousands. However, they are entirely outside of the scope of the present discussion, and we shall, therefore, confine ourselves exclusively to the early history, trials, failures, and successes of the Jewish farmers who have taken up farming as their life's vocation, who perform all the manual labor, and who depend upon the farm as their sole means of gaining their livelihood, and look upon it as their permanent home. ARARAT.—The first effort at planting a Jewish agricultural colony in the United States was made by Major Mordecai Manuel Noah. In 1820 Major Noah, a Philadelphian by birth, who as Revolutionary soldier and later as Consul General at Tunis had rendered signal service to his country, interested a number of public-spirited men in a project to found a Jewish colony on Grand Island in the Niagara River. About 17,000 acres of land were purchased, and the proposed colony was appropriately named Ararat, " a City of Refuge for the Jews." This movement, however, was premature. Jewish immigration at that time from Eastern Europe was insignificant, and the movement died a natural death. Its remains, in the shape of the corner-stone of a monument placed in 1825, now repose in the Buffalo Historical Museum. SHALOM.—In 1837 an attempt was made by several Russian Jewish immigrants living in New York, to take up farming of AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES OP JEWS IN AMERICA 57 their own initiative under the leadership of Moses Cohen. Individual farms were purchased at Wawarsing, Ulster County, New York, and the little settlement was named Shalom. It grew until it had thirteen families. With no knowledge of farming, with very little funds of their own, and no encouragement from outside, these pioneers found it impossible to exist on their farms, and in 1842 the settlement came to an end. The time was not yet ripe, but the seed was not sown in vain, for Wawarsing now has a number of thriving Jewish farmers.

THE BEGINNING OF THE PRESENT MOVEMENT The real beginning of the Jewish agricultural movement in the United States is contemporaneous with the influx of Jewish immigration which was set in motion by the reign of lawlessness and persecution that swept over Eastern Europe in the early eighties of the last century. In 1881 a pogrom took place in Kieff and vicinity in Russia, and many of our coreligionists were obliged to abandon everything and flee for their lives. With the little ready money they had, the most they could do was to cross the Austrian frontier, and thousands of families were left stranded in the city of Brody, in the province of Galicia. The Austrian Government threatened to send the starving refugees back unless the situation was relieved immediately. The Alliance Israelite Universelle came to the rescue, and assisted aboiit fifteen hundred of the refugees to emigrate to the United States. They landed without money and without any visible means of support, and the Russo-Jewish Committee was hastily formed to look after them. Similar committees were organized in Vienna, Berlin, Frankfort, and other Euro- pean cities, the best known and the most active of which was the Mansion House Committee of London. 58 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

The American Jews were ill prepared for such an influx, and it was found advisable to organize a society to take the matter in charge. The Hebrew Emigrant Aid Society of the United States was therefore organized, with Henry S. Henry, president; D. L. Einstein and Frederick Nathan, vice-presidents; Joseph Eeckendorfer, treasurer, and Julius Goldman, secretary. Among the other trustees were included many of the leading Jews of New York and other cities. The Articles of Incorporation of this society stated the purpose of the organization to be in part " to afford aid and advice to emigrants of the Hebrew faith coming to the United States from countries where they have suffered by reason of oppressive laws or hostile populace, to afford aid and advice to emigrants desiring the help of the society in settling in the United States upon lands of the society, or otherwise." " Many of these people," states the report of the Hebrew Emi- grant Aid Society for 1882, " desired to become agriculturists on their own land, but the funds at our disposal were altogether inadequate to provide largely for such colonization. In a tentative way and desirous of meeting the earnest entreaties of some anxious to be placed, we have ventured on founding a colony in Cotopaxi, Colorado, composed now of about seventeen families, at an expense of $10,233.57." The same year that society started another colony of sixty-seven families at Vine- land, New Jersey, involving an expenditure of about $400 per family. This is the well-known colony of Alliance. The society also had under consideration a number of plans for other settlements of the refugees on Government land or on land to be acquired from the great railway corporations. The society, however, was unable to carry all its plans into effect for the lack of funds. AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES OF JEWS IN AMERICA 59

A number of the immigrants came from agricultural districts, and it was only natural that " back to the soil" should have become their motto as well as that of their well wishers. A period of feverish colonization activity ensued. Colonies were started throughout the country, from the Dakotas in the North to Louisiana in the South, and from New Jersey in the Bast to California in the West, without any well-conceived plan or forethought. Merchants, professional men, and students of the universities, sacrificed wealth, station, and friends, to return to a more primitive and more simple life. The result was a foregone conclusion. It is needless to go into the detailed histories of the number- less colonies that enjoyed a shortlived existence during that period. They all went through the same experience—a premature birth, a brief struggle, and a more or less violent death. However, it is only fair to those early, though unsuccessful, pioneers to give a brief sketch of the most important of these abortive colonies in order to discover, if possible, the reasons for their failures. LOUISIANA.—The first agricultural colony of Eussian Jews in the United States settled in 1881 on Sicily Island, Louisiana. This colony comprised a total of sixty families who came direct from Eussia under the leadership of Herman Eosenthal, a merchant of considerable means who had preceded them. The Alliance Israelite Universelle assisted the undertaking by granting a loan of $2800 through a New York Committee consisting of Myer S. Isaacs, Julius Goldman, M. Ellinger, Charles L. Bernheim, and Henry S. Henry. A tract of land, of about 5000 acres, was purchased at $8 an acre. The colony was in charge of a local committee of New Orleans Jews, of which Julius Weiss was chairman. Houses were built, live stock and 60 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

farm implements purchased, and the work of cultivating the land began. Others came in, and the colonists numbered 173. The settlers worked with enthusiasm and with every promise of success. But in the spring of 1882 one of the Mississippi floods swept everything away, including houses, cattle, implements, and crops, and the colony became a matter of history. SOUTH DAKOTA.—Undaunted by the experience on Sicily Island, Herman Eosenthal took some of these colonists with him to South Dakota, where they located on Government land. The settlement, which was in Davison County, was named Cremieux, after Adolphe Cremieux, president of the Alliance Israelite Universelle. It was started with some twenty families, all of them with means of their own. Land was broken and seeded to wheat, barley, oats, rye, and flax. The first year the land yielded good crops, and the situation looked promising. The second year the hessian fly destroyed the wheat crop. Then came the drought, which played havoc with the live stock. The settlers were obliged to mortgage their farms at excessive rates of interest. Most of them became discouraged and left. A few persevered. The third year the standing crops were destroyed by the hail. Continued drought and terrible hardships drove the remaining settlers away, and in 1885 the colony went to pieces. COLORADO.—In 1882 the Hebrew Emigrant Aid Society of New York started a colony of thirteen families, numbering fifty persons, on Government land in Cotopaxi, Fremont County, Colorado, thirty-five miles west of Canon City. Julius Schwarz, the superintendent of the colony, in his report (Oc- tober 23, 1882) said among other things, "I pronounce the agricultural colony in the Eocky Mountains a full and complete success, and the question whether Jews are fit to become AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES OF JEWS IN AMERICA 61 farmers, solved and answered in the affirmative." But the colony was located in the arid region, and the cultivation of the land without irrigation was not possible. Except in the spring, when the mountain torrents became a menace to life and property, there was little or no water to be had. After many privations the settlers dispersed, and the colony met the same fate as the others. OREGON.—The same year the socialist colony of New Odessa was founded in Douglas County, Oregon. The settlers, who called themselves " Sons of the Free," came from southwestern Russia. The colony was located in the midst of a virgin forest. The settlers planned to make a living from the sale of ties and firewood to the railroad, which was then in process of construction, until they could clear enough land to put under cultivation. While the work on the railroad continued, some of the colonists were employed on the road. They also received high prices for whatever they could raise. But when the road was finished, the colonists not only could find no work, but also lost their market. By 1888 nothing was left of this colony. NORTH DAKOTA.-—In 1882 some twenty families settled on free Government homesteads in Burleigh County, North Da- kota, near Painted Woods, on the Missouri River. The colony grew to seventy-one families, numbering over two hundred souls. But here, too, continued droughts, coupled with prairie fires in the winter of 1884-1885, wiped out everything the colonists possessed. The Jewish community of St. Paul came to their relief, but another severe crop failure in 1886 made the situation hopeless. The colonists were unable to hold out any longer and eventually gave up the struggle. Some of them, however, went farther north, and founded the Iola settlement at Devil's Lake in Ramsey County, which is to-day the oldest Jewish farming settlement in the Northwest. 62 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

KANSAS.—The Jewish community of Cincinnati founded a colony in Hodgeman County, Kansas, which they named Beer- sheba. About the same time the Montefiore Agricultural Aid Society of New York foimded three colonies in the same State —Moses Montefiore, Lasker, and Hebron. In 1886 three other settlements—Gilead, Touro, and Leeser—were started by immigrants from Russia and Eoumania. The conditions in the Kansas colonies differed little from those founded in the other States, and they very naturally fared no better. SOUTH JERSEY COLONIES.—These brief sketches of the colonies whose histories can be written only in the past tense in no way exhaust the number of unsuccessful, though earnest, efforts at Jewish colonization during the period. Numerous other colonies were started in the same and other States only to meet a like fate. The only survivors of that period of " storm and stress" are the colonies founded in the southern part of New Jersey—Alliance, Rosenhayn, and Carmel—better known as the South Jersey Colonies. These colonies are located in the counties of Salem and Cumberland within a triangle formed by the cities of Vineland, Millville, and Bridgeton, about thirty- five miles south of Philadelphia. A comparison between the colonies that survived and those that met with disaster sheds considerable light on the causes of the failures Jewish colonization has to record. The most obvious cause is the injudicious selection of the land. It seems to have made little difference where the colonies were located— in a virgin forest, a malarial swamp, or an arid desert. Add to this inadequate financing and the lack of agricultural knowledge and of transportation and marketing facilities, and it is easy to see that, barring miracles, success was an impossibility. The South Jersey Colonies succeeded because the soil, climate, AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES OF JEWS IN AMERICA 63 and other conditions, though far from perfect, were superior to those of the other colonies. Moreover, their proximity to Phila- delphia and New York provided them not only with a market for their products but also tended to keep them before the Jewish public, and thus obtained for them the necessary financial support to tide them over the trying periods. We shall confine ourselves here to the early history of these colonies, leaving their later history and present conditions to be treated together with the general condition of the Jewish farmers throughout the United States. Alliance.—The first of the South Jersey Colonies was founded on May 10, 1882, by the Hebrew Emigrant Aid So- ciety. It was named Alliance in honor of the Alliance Israelite Universelle, which contributed the sum of $3000 toward the founding of the colony. The first group of colonists comprised sixty-seven families, numbering about three hundred souls. These settlers hailed from almost every city in southern Eussia, but mainly from Odessa, Kieff, and Blizabetgrad. An option was secured on a tract of about eleven hundred acres of land, which was surveyed and divided into plots of ten acres. The land was completely covered by a dense growth of scrub oak and pine. The work of clearing the land and cultivating the soil began at once under the guidance of an experienced native farmer. They also proceeded with the erection of houses, and the colonists were meanwhile lodged in three large buildings, which they humorously named Castle Garden, erected to provide temporary shelter. The total cost of this, the Vineland Colony, as it was then called, was $41,960.42, of which $12,- 129.92 was for land and equipment, $9,897.77 for houses, and the balance for maintenance and relief. 64 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

Meanwhile, in 1883, there was a lull in the arrival of refugees, and the Hebrew Emigrant Aid Society dissolved. It was succeeded by the Alliance Land Trust, which was formed for the purpose of taking over and conserving the property and the funds of the dissolved corporation, and to look after the interests of the Alliance Colony. Among the trustees were Henry S. Henry, Isaac Eppinger, Leopold Gershell, M. Mendel, Leonard Lewisohn, and the Eev. T. de Sola Mendes. The Alliance Land Trust is still in existence, and retains its interests in the Alliance Colony, although it has done no active work for a number of years. After the houses were completed, two of the barracks were torn down. The remaining one was converted into a cigar factory in order to provide the new settlers with an opportunity of earning a living until they could see some rettirns from their land. This infant industry, established in what was practically a wilderness, did not enjoy a long existence. It was replaced by a shirt f actory, which lasted less than a year. The hardships suffered by these colonists would be difficult to depict. Some of them had to travel with their wives and children several miles on foot to find work with non-Jewish farmers. After toiling all day they returned home as late as midnight, only to start out again in the small hours of the morning. This was the critical period in the history of the Alliance Colony, and it was mainly through the energetic efforts of public-spirited Jews from New York and Philadelphia, notably Alfred T. Jones and Simon Muhr of the latter city, that the colony was rescued from the fate that befell its contemporaries. The timely aid eventually bore fruit, and many of the colonists were enabled to make considerable progress on their farms. This brought the colony to the favorable attention of the Mansion House AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES OF JEWS IN AMERICA 65

Committee of London, which placed the sum of $10,000 in the hands of the Alliance Land Trust, making it possible to secure for the colonists deeds to their farms, -which theretofore they had only held under contract. Following are the statistics of the Alliance Colony for the year 1889: Population (souls) 529 Land owned (acres) 1400 Under cultivation (acres) 889 Houses 92 Barns 63 Horses 32 Cows 59 RosenTiayn.—The history of the Rosenhayn Colony likewise began in 1882, when six families were settled by the Hebrew Emigrant Aid Society. They set to work clearing the land and erecting houses. But in addition to suffering the many hardships attendant upon pioneering, the colonists soon found themselves without funds. Their appeals for aid did not meet with success, and they were compelled to abandon their project and leave the place. In 1887, however, when the success of the Alliance Colony became known, several other families repaired to Rosenhayn and contracted for some land. They continued to live and work in the city until they could earn enough to pay for their land and start farming operations. The following year thirty-seven other families bought land under similar conditions. A large building, called " The Hotel," near the railroad station was rented and converted into a shirt factory, where many of the colonists found employment. As the colonists were obliged to work away from their farms, progress was necessarily slow. But the colonists worked assiduously, and gave as much attention to their farms as they could. 66 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

The condition of the colony in 1889, as it appears from the statistics for that year, shows some progress even at that early date: Number of families 67 Population (souls) 294 Land (acres) 1912 Under cultivation (acres) 261 Houses 23 Barns 12 Horses 12 Cows 14 Carmel.—In 1882, Michael Heilprin, aided by sympathetic friends in New York, among them Jacob H. Schiff, Jesse Selig- man, and Julius Hallgarten, settled seventeen families at Carmel on lands previously occupied by a number of German families, who had abandoned their holdings and returned to Philadelphia. Some of the new settlers succumbed to the ordeal of the first two years' privations. But these were soon replaced by more vigorous settlers from among later comers among the Eussian refugees. When these had become fairly established, new arrivals began to swell the number of settlers. The sudden death of Michael Heilprin deprived the colonists of their best friend. Such organized support as remained was devoted to fostering the growth of Alliance. To avoid the im- minent danger of the settlement's failing for want of a temporary helping hand, an appeal was made through the Eev. Sabato Morais of Philadelphia to Baron de Hirsch, who sent $5000 for distribution among the colonists. The money was allotted to the settlers in various amounts, in accordance with recommendations made by Moses Klein, the agent of the Jewish Emigration Society, of Philadelphia, who had been detailed to make a thorough investigation of the needs of each individual colonist. The timely aid thus obtained prevented the disintegration of the Carmel Colony. AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES OF JEWS IN AMERICA 67

The statistics of Carmel for the year 1889, as contained in a report made by Moses Klein, on February 17 of that year, were as follows: Population (souls) 286 Land (acres) 848 Under cultivation (acres) 247 Houses 30 Barns 25 Horses 11 Cows 11 The same year fifteen hundred acres of land were added to the original tract of 848, and thirty-six new houses were erected, making the total acreage owned by the colonists 2348 and the number of houses 66. A sidelight on the economic progress of the colonists in 1889 is their contribution of $47 for the sufferers of the Johnstown Flood.

THE BARON DE HIRSCH FUND The failures attending the many well-meant but not too well- directed efforts at colonization had a most depressing effect, and general interest in the agricultural movement began to decline. The ease with which our country was able to absorb the thousands of immigrants and the capacity of these immigrants to adapt themselves to new conditions likewise served to chill the enthusiasm of those who looked upon the land as the only solution of the immigration problem. In 1889 a renewal of persecution of the Jews in Eussia caused immigration from that country to the United States to assume larger proportions. Through the good offices of Oscar S. Straus, Baron de Hirsch, foreseeing the important role the United States was destined to play in the regeneration of his people, offered to establish a special fund of $2,400,000, the 68 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK income of which was to be applied to improving the condition of Jewish immigrants driven from their homes through political and religious oppression. On February 12,1891, the Baron de Hirsch Fund was incorporated under the laws of the State of New York, with Meyer S. Isaacs, president; Jacob H. Schiff, vice-president; Jesse Seligman, treasurer; Julius Goldman, secretary, and Henry Eice, James H. Hoffman, Oscar S. Straus, of New York, and Mayer Sulzberger and William B. Hacken- burg, of Philadelphia, as the other trustees. The aims of this new organization were broad and comprehensive. They covered almost every field of human activity tending to make the Jewish immigrants in this country self-supporting and self-respecting American citizens. After the pressure for immediate relief had been lifted, the Baron de Hirsch Fund was in a position to develop its plans for work of a constructive character. With the creation of the Fund, the agricultural movement gained a new lease of life. It took hold of the remnants of the work of its predecessors and kept them from disintegration. The encouragement of agriculture was one of its most important activities. Under its guidance, Jewish agriculture has made considerable progress. The Woodbine Colony was founded in 1891. Individual Jew- ish farmers were also assisted to locate upon abandoned farms in Connecticut and other States.

THE JEWISH AGRICULTURAL AND INDUSTRIAL AID SOCIETY The object of the Baron de Hirsch Fund, we have seen, was the improvement of the condition of the Jewish immigrant by helping him to adjust himself to his new environment. The attainment of this end necessitated a multiplicity of activities. While the encouragement of agriculture was one of them, the AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES OF JEWS IN AMERICA 69 field of the Baron de Hirsch Fund was more comprehensive. In order, therefore, to bring the agricultural work to a higher state of efficiency, it was deemed advisable to entrust this very important task to a distinct organization. Accordingly, on Feb- ruary 19, 1900, the Jewish Agricultural and Industrial Aid Society was incorporated, with Julius Goldman, president; Morris Loeb, vice-president; Sigmund Neustadt, treasurer; and Eugene S. Benjamin, secretary. All agricultural matters in charge of the Baron de Hirsch Fund were immediately turned over to the newly-organized Society. The funds of the Society are contributed in part by the Jewish Colonization As- sociation and in part by the Baron de Hirsch Fund. In the contribution of the latter is included a legacy of the Baroness de Hirsch. The objects of the new Society, as expressed in its Articles of Incorporation, were: 1. The encouragement and direction of agriculture among Jews, residents of the United States, principally immigrants from Russia, Roumania, and Galicia, the removal of such persons dwelling in the crowded sections of cities to agricultural and industrial districts, and provision for their temporary support. 2. The grant of loans to mechanics, artisans, and tradesmen, to enable them to secure larger earnings and accumulate savings for the acquisition of homes in suburban, agricultural, and industrial districts. 3. The removal of industries now pursued in tenements or shops in crowded sections of the cities, by aiding manufacturers and contractors to transfer their shops and business to agricultural and industrial districts where their employees may continue to labor and acquire individual homes. 4. The encouragement of cooperative creameries and factories and of storage houses for canning and preserving fruit and vegetables and making wine. It can, therefore, be seen that the purpose of the Jewish Agricultural and Industrial Aid Society at its inception was not solely agricultural. In the course of time, however, industrial 70 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK and other matters, which had at the beginning received considerable attention, assumed secondary importance. The In- dustrial Eemoval Office, which was organized in 1901 as a branch of the Society, and to which was entrusted the work of the removal of immigrants from the congested cities of the eastern sea-board to interior towns, was in 1903 placed under separate management under the direction of a special committee, and in 1907 it became an entirely separate and distinct organization. Since then the work of the Jewish Agricultural and Industrial Aid Society has been essentially agricultural, and the Society has become the strongest influence in the development of Jewish agriculture in the United States. LOANS.—The fundamental activity of the Jewish Agri- cultural and Industrial Aid Society is the rendering of financial assistance to those desiring to become farmers and to enable those who are already on the farm to maintain their foothold. This financial assistance consists of the granting of loans for the purchase of the farm, for equipment, or other urgent needs. The rate of interest charged is 4 per cent, and the principal is repayable in easy installments. In its essentials the credit system of the Jewish Agricultural and Industrial Aid Society differs little, if at all, from that of the Credit Foncier of France and other agrarian banks—purely business institutions—which have met with so much success in Continental Europe. But here the difference becomes marked. The Society's funds being limited, it does not as a rule make a loan where the funds are elsewhere obtainable. It rarely, therefore, makes loans on first mortgage. Most of its loans are on second mortgage, and not a few on third and occasionally even on fourth mortgages, supplemented sometimes by chattel mortgage or other collateral. The Society loans up to 75 per cent of the value of the farm, although AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES OF JEWS IN AMERICA 71 in special oases it has loaned even beyond the farm value. Ac- cording to its report for the year 1911 it had granted during the twelve years of its existence 2178 loans, amounting to $1,256,- 114.05. These loans were made to 1950 families, occupying 1675 farms, in 27 States and Canada. The loans average $500. Considering that the security taken by the Society is mainly substandard, it speaks well for the Jewish farmer as a debtor when it is shown that the repayments during the same period amounted to 26 per cent of the total loaned, and the losses to less than 3 per cent. The total loans of this Society outstanding in 1911 amounted to $686,657.13. The assistance rendered by the Jewish Agricultural and In- dustrial Aid Society to the Jewish farmer is not confined to the granting of loans. Its most difficult task is to locate the new farmer on a farm that is suitable to his means, and answers his other requirements. It also buys desirable farms in selected localities, which it sells at cost and on easy terms. The new farmer is frequently assisted in selecting his horses, cows, implements, and other equipment. A plan of work is then outlined for him, and he is shown how to utilize each plot of land to the best advantage. Again, in order to bring within the reach of the Jewish farmer a knowledge of at least the rudiments of his vocation, the Society entered upon a comprehensive educational campaign, which has aided considerably in placing the Jewish farmer in the United States upon a solid foundation. In fact, the non-financial assistance rendered to the Jewish farmer, whether he has had any business dealings with the Society or not, is in some respects of greater importance than the financial. " THE JEWISH FARMER."—The first of the educational activities of the Society was the publication of the Jewish 72 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

Farmer, which has the distinction of being the only agricultural paper in Yiddish in the world. It is an illustrated magazine, and is published monthly. It made its first appearance in May, 1908. The aim of this paper is, to quote from the report of the Society for 1908, " to provide for the non-English reading Jewish farmer expert advice on agricultural subjects not otherwise available; to supply him with a publication to which he can turn for sympathy and encouragement; to furnish him with a medium for the expression of his feelings and as- pirations ; and to bring him inspiration through keeping him in touch with his fellow tillers of the soil." The circulation of the paper is about 5000 and covers every State of the Union and fifteen foreign countries. ITINERANT INSTRUCTION.—A system of itinerant instruction was inaugurated the same year. At the head of the system is the editor of the Jewish Farmer. The most important Jewish farming communities are visited periodically, and lectures on timely topics are delivered by the staff of the Jewish Farmer and others. Personal visits are also made to the farmers and instruction is thus supplemented by what might properly be called individual laboratory or field work conducted under competent supervision by the farmer on his own farm. This corresponds in a measure to the system of Wanderlehrer in Germany and other countries of Continental Europe. It also corresponds to the Farmers' Institutes conducted by the Ameri- can Agricultural Colleges, and the " Good Farming Trains " inaugurated by some of the railroads. FREE SCHOLARSHIPS.—To make the child of the Jewish farmer an important factor in the economy of the parental farm and to implant in him a love for the soil, the Jewish Agri- cultural and Industrial Aid Society instituted in 1908 a sys- AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES OF JEWS IN AMERICA 73 tern of free scholarships, by aid of which the children of Jewish farmers are enabled to attend the special short courses offered by the agricultural colleges of their respective States. These courses are given during the winter months when the absence of the children from the farm does not materially interfere with farming operations. The duration of the courses is from six to twelve weeks, and the stipend carried by the scholarship covers all the necessary expenses of the scholar. The scholarships are awarded by competition. In 1911 the number of scholarships awarded was twenty-two, of which fourteen were won by boys and eight by girls. Not a year passes that the scholars do not carry off some of the most coveted prizes offered by the colleges which they attend. In the New Jersey College, for example, out of five prizes awarded in 1911 for poultry judging, three were carried off by holders of the Society's free scholarships. The influence of these scholars on their home farms and on the communities in which they live is considerable. FARM LABOR BUREAU.—The Jewish Agricultural and In- dustrial Aid Society also organized a Farm Labor Bureau in 1908. In 1911 this bureau secured positions as farm hands for 612 Jewish young men in seventeen States of the Union. The total number placed since the inception of this activity is over two thousand. The purpose of the Farm Labor Bureau is primarily educational. Its object is to give the Jewish young man an opportunity of learning something at least of practical farming and incidentally to find out for himself whether he is fit for it by inclination or otherwise. The advantages of such a preliminary trial to those contemplating becoming farmers are obvious and this is the object of not a few of those who seek such employment. Some of them have some capital which 74 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK they are ready to invest in farms of their own as soon as they gain the desired experience. The Jewish farm laborer is very much in demand. What- ever deficiencies may be his on account of his inexperience, he apparently more than makes them up by his intelligence, steadi- ness, and sobriety. He saves his money with1 a view to getting a little farm of his own in time. He does not drink, is not quar- relsome, and attends strictly to business. To the American farmer, who has had some very unfortunate experiences with the average quality of farm labor, the Jewish farm laborer is somewhat of a pleasant anomaly.

THE JEWISH AGRICULTURISTS' AID SOCIETY OF AMERICA Another Society established to encourage agriculture among Jews in the United States is the Jewish Agriculturists' Aid Society of America, with headquarters in Chicago. Although this Society was not incorporated until 1900, its organization dates back to October 28, 1888, when, through the efforts of Eabbi A. R. Levy, a committee was formed with the object of helping poor Jews to locate upon farms. The committee consisted of Adolph Loeb, president; Rabbi Emil G-. Hirsch, vice- president; Herman Felsenthal, treasurer; and Rabbi A. R. Levy, secretary. The committee had no permanent funds at its disposal. It depended entirely upon its friends to furnish the money in each specific case when needed. In this manner some seventy families were assisted in settling upon farms in the Middle Western States and in North Dakota, and the amount thus loaned aggregated over $35,000. The work of looking to individuals to make the loan in each instance was a rather slow and difficult process. The number of applicants for assistance also kept on increasing. It was, AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES OF JEWS IN AMERICA 75 therefore, decided to have a permanent loan fund, and in 1900 the Jewish Agriculturists' Aid Society of America was incorporated. To create the loan fund " Certificates of Credit," something like debenture bonds, were offered for subscription to the friends of the cause. These certificates are issued in denominations of $10 and upwards, and are redeemable after ten years. They bear interest at the rate of 3 per cent. The " Loan Fund " can be used only for the granting of loans to Jewish farmers. The expenses of carrying on the work of the Society is defrayed from its General Fund, consisting of voluntary contributions, or donations, and membership dues. The annual membership payment is $10. The membership of the Society in 1901 numbered 67, and the outstanding Certificates amounted to $4700. During the same year twenty-three loans were made, amounting to $9500. Of these thirteen, amounting to $3770, were made by individuals; seven, amounting to $2930, by the Society from its loan fund; and three, amounting to $2800, by the Jewish Agricultural and Industrial Aid Society of New York. From the very outset this Society received the hearty cooperation of the New York Society, which took over, between the years 1900 and 1909, a total of sixty-three loans, aggregating $30,703.15, so as to provide it with ready funds for carrying on its work. The New York Society also placed various amounts at its disposal for the granting of loans as the agent of that Society. According to the last published report (1908) of the Jewish Agriculturists' Aid Society of America, it had a membership that year of 413, and the Credit Certificates in circulation amounted to $47,215. Since 1888 it has assisted financially or otherwise over four hundred Jewish families to settle on farms, most of them on free Government homesteads in North Dakota. 76 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

Recently, however, the Society has been laboring under the dis- advantages of the lack of funds, and has, as a result, not been very active.

GROWTH OF JEWISH FARMING IN THE UNITED STATES Most of the early efforts at Jewish colonization having proved abortive, Jewish farming in the United States was, as a consequence, practically at a standstill for a time. With the exception of Woodbine, the Baron de Hirsch Fund made no attempt at founding now colonies. It confined its agricultural activity to the preservation of the South Jersey Colonies and to assist- ing a handful of individual farmers who located in the eastern part of Connecticut. With the creation of a Society devoting itself almost exclusively to agricultural work a new era was ushered in. The field of agricultural activity became national in scope, and to-day there is not a State in Avhich Jews cannot be found as tillers of the soil. To state with any degree of accuracy how many Jewish farmers there are in the United States is not possible. The vast extent of the country and the settling of many enterprising Jewish pioneers in the remotest sections makes the compilation of an adequate census physically impossible. However, the Jewish Agricultural and Industrial Aid Society has, according to its latest statistics, come in touch with 3718 Jewish farming families, comprising an estimated population of 18,590 souls. These figures, though accurate as far as they go, are far from complete and, I believe, represent not much more than half of the Jewish farming population in the United States. The following table will no doubt prove interesting: AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES OF JEWS IN AMERICA 77

Value "Value of States Fam- Persons Farms , of Land Equipment ilies Estimated iEstimated Estimated Estimated

Alabama 35 7 562 7,672 i 2,184 Arizona 5 1 135 5,126 3,017 Arkansas 15 3 243 4,320 1,272 California 85 17 6,384 279,616 31,637 Colorado 90 16 4,690 141,668 28,752 Connecticut 3,085 587 47,841 3,02£,333 461,382 Delaware 15 3 288 14,715 2,776 Florida 15 3 315 7,086 1,503 Georgia, 55 11 1,0)9 18,117 3,828 Idaho 10 O 343 15,910 3,912 Illinois 205 38 4,906 631,506 57,722 Indiana 170 33 3,260 244,167 32,901 Iowa 145 26 4,064 390,208 58,6% Kansas 10 2 488 19,540 3,396 Kentucky 15 3 257 7,366 1,699 Louisiana 125 18 1,559 36,478 9,604 Maine 5 1 105 2,660 660 Maryland 120 22 2,275 108,702 19,976 Massachusetts.. 945 168 12,308 831,080 138,260 Michigan.... 420 82 7,f>03 357,028 74,374 Minnesota... 65 13 2,305 105,105 17,810 Mississippi 15 3 203 3,654 1,008 Missouri 60 10 1,248 61,910 12,140 Montana 25 6 2,584 47,995 18,360 Nebraska 135 27 8,1)41 377,541 55,486 New Hampshire 60 10 1,201 31,760 6,670 New Jersey 3,790 715 64,984 4,638,060 804,376 New York 6,460 976 99,747 6,3@3,120 1,207,312 North Carolina 6 1 88 1,799 H20 North Dakota.. 1,155 225 86,018 2,489,175 460,360 Ohio 495 92 8,151 559,462 83,996 Oklahoma 45 0 1,365 34,956 8,847 Oregon 35 6 1,541 60,072 9,582 Pennsylvania. 565 106 8,989 503,288 102,608 Rhode Island . 10 168 10,556 1,912 South Carolina. 50 10 766 18,860 3,360 South Dakota.. 365 69 23,122 893,205 143,106 Tennessee 10 2 163 3,908 1,074 Texas 85 17 4,575 75,004 15,283 Utah 60 12 1,880 66,076 18,408 Vermont 5 1 143 2,442 1,003 Virginia 26 5 453 49,601 3,150 Washington... 130 26 6,418 264,654 30,342 West Virginia. 5 1 104 2,735 521 Wisconsin 175 33 3,924 223,872 39,403 Wyoming 190 29 22,650 268,448 182,846 Totals. 18,590 3,438 437,265 $22,194,335 $4,166,329

These figures are sufficient to give a fair idea of the extent of the progress made by Jewish farmers in the United States. The estimate of persons is made on the basis of five to the 78 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK family, which is a fraction below the average of the families assisted by the Jewish Agricultural and Industrial Aid Society. The estimate of acreage and value are based on the averages given in the United States Census of 1910. In some States the acreage owned by Jewish farmers and the value of their farms will doubtless fall below the averages given in the Census. On the other hand, in some States they will exceed the average. On the whole, authentic data in possession of the Jewish Agri- cultural and Industrial Aid Society indicate that the figures given in the footings are about correct. Of course, only Jewish farmers doing their own work, to whom the farm is both a home and a means of livelihood, are included in the figures. The number of Jewish farming families given here comprises only those with whom the Jewish Agricultural and In- dustrial Aid Society has come in touch in one way or another, and, according to the opinion of the United States Immigration Commission, represents only about 75 per cent of the Jewish farmers in the country. A fair estimate of the extent of Jewish farming in the United States would therefore be about 5000 families, comprising a population of about 25,000 souls. To carry this estimate further, the number of farms occupied by these farmers would be about 4600, with an acreage of about 600,000 and a value in real and personal property of about $33,000,000. That Jewish agriculture in the United States does not depend entirely on philanthropy is indicated by the fact that the total outstanding loans of the two philanthropic organizations engaged in this work is about $730,000, or 2.2 per cent of the total valuation of the property owned by Jewish farmers. It should likewise not be overlooked that the actual growth of Jewish farming has taken place only during the latter part of the last decade. AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES OF JEWS IN AMERICA 79

AGRICULTURAL SETTLEMENTS With the exception of the South Jersey Colonies and Wood- bine, Jewish farming colonies similar to those in Palestine, Russia, and Argentine are not to be found in the United States. The brief period of feverish colonization activity once over, con- certed effort ceased, and the Jewish agricultural movement assumed an individualistic character. After the disruption of some of the early colonies the settlers scattered all over the country, and some of these pioneers located on isolated farms in various States. Here and there also, a Jewish immigrant or two, tired of the city, on their own initiative purchased a farm or settled on free Government land. Subsequently, relatives, friends, and others were attracted to the same neighborhood. Thus the isolated spots that these daring spirits selected, wisely or unwisely, mark the foundation of most of the Jewish farming settlements in the United States. Beginning as they did, the growth of the settlements was necessarily slow. It was not always possible for the newcomers to find farms contiguous to those of their friends who preceded them, and consequently the Jewish farmers, even in the same vicinity, were more or less scattered. Gradually, however, through the process of elimination gaps were closed up, and many of the groups reached a sufficient degree of compactness to be properly classed as settlements. While Jewish farmers are to be found in every part of the United States, the most important settlements are those in New York, New Jersey, Connecticut, and Massachusetts in the East; Ohio and Michigan in the Middle West; and North Dakota in the Northwest. Jewish farming settlements are also to be found in many other States and scattered individual farmers in every State of the Union. 6 80 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

NEW YORK.—The bulk of the Jewish farmers in New York is to be found in the counties of Sullivan, Ulster, and Eensse- laer. The earliest attempt to settle in this State, as we have seen, was made in 1837, when two or three Jewish families from New York City bought farms in Wawarsing, Ulster County. But only within the last few years has the Jewish immigrant again turned his eyes to the foothills of the Cat- skills. The counties of Sullivan and Ulster, because of their salu- brious climate, have always had a special attraction for the Jew. The farms are chiefly of large acreage, and the land, as a rule, is somewhat stony and hilly. It affords very good pastur- age, and is capitally adapted to dairying. When the Jewish farmer began his invasion of this section, the markets were poor and the keeping of boarders was an economic necessity. This worked both ways. The farmer had to keep boarders to provide a market for his products, and to raise more products to feed his boarders. However, the coming of large hotels and boarding houses, and the increase in the urban population in these counties, have provided a good market for all kinds of farm products, and the need of keeping boarders is becoming less urgent. There are, consequently, many farmers who keep no boarders, and there is a decided movement on the part of those who do, to devote more attention to their farms. It might be said in passing that the keeping of boarders is in no wise an exclusively Jewish institution. There is more farming and less boarding-house keeping done on some Jewish farms than on those of their neighbors. Dairying is the most important branch of farming pursued. Poultry and vegetables are also favorites with these farmers. The demand for these products during the summer season by AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES OF JEWS IN AMERICA 81 hotels and boarding-houses exceeds the supply. As will be seen later, the Jewish farmers in these counties are grouped chiefly around Livingston Manor, Parksville, Ferndale, Hurley- ville, Monticello, Centerville, Mountaindale, Ellenville, Green- field, and Kerhonkson. The village population is another element that is rapidly increasing in these two counties. Some of the bustling villages, such as Centerville and Parksville, have a population almost exclusively Jewish. Each settlement has its Jewish physician, lawyer, dentist, and druggist. In some of them the municipal government and school affairs are almost entirely in Jewish hands. The Jewish farming settlement in Eensselaer County is grouped around the village of Nassau, about twelve miles east of Albany. This settlement has the advantage of being connected by trolley with the large cities of Albany and Troy, besides being within comparatively easy reach of New York City by boat. The first Jewish farmer settled in this section in 1894, but the actual movement of Jewish farmers thither began some ten years ago. The land is well adapted to the raising of cereals, fruit, berries, and vegetables. The market and transportation facilities are excellent. The Jewish farmers are largely engaged in the raising of grain and in dairying, in which they have met with a fair measure of success. Most of the farmers in Eensselaer County started with little or no assistance from any source, and some of them are now well-to-do. The settlement has a live local farmers' association, and was one of the first to organize a cooperative credit union. Another and more recent settlement in this State is that in Onondaga County, about twelve miles from Syracuse. This settlement had its inception in 1907 through the purchase of a farm by one of the Jewish immigrants living in Syracuse. As 82 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK usual, relatives and friends followed, and the settlement now comprises some twenty families. The section is in the alfalfa belt, and is one of the best farming sections in the State. The farms are rather large and expensive. The principal branch of farming pursued is dairying, some of the Jewish farmers having as many as forty or fifty cows. There is also a large number of scattered Jewish farmers in various parts of the State. Besides, there are on Long Island two settlements of dairymen, at New Lots, in the outskirts of Brooklyn, and at Queens, near Long Island City. These dairymen have little land. But they have large dairy herds, and do a profitable business selling their milk in Greater New York. NEW JERSEY.—Jewish farming in New Jersey began with the founding of the South Jersey Colonies in 1882. Sporadic attempts in this direction were also made in other parts of the State, but they were of no particular importance or significance. South Jersey Colonies.—In 1891, when the Baron de Hirsch Fund was organized, it assumed the care of the South Jersey Colonies. Besides loaning money to the farmers, it established industries to provide employment for the non-agricultural element as well as for the farmers and their children in off seasons. The Baron de Hirsch Fund, with the financial cooperation of the Jewish Colonization Association, continued to look after the Colonies until 1900, when all agricultural matters were transferred to the newly organized Jewish Agri- cultural and Industrial Aid Society. This Society continued the policy of its predecessor by extending financial aid to the farmers, building factories, and subsidizing industries. It also endeavored to raise the agricultural standards of the Colonies, to improve their educational facilities and to provide for their communal and social needs. Under its management, the AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES OF JEWS IN AMERICA 83 paternal supervision of the Colonies has heen gradually curtailed; industrial subventions have been systematically reduced, and the colonists have been encouraged, as far as possible, to be less dependent upon philanthropic aid both in their communal and their private life. These efforts have borne fruit, and the economic independence of the older Colonies is practically established. The soil around Vineland is a light sandy loam, and is well adapted for the raising of vegetables, berries, and grapes. The early season's crop is strawberries. Some of the Jewish farmers have as many as five or six acres in this crop, and realize as much as $300 per acre. Tomatoes are raised extensively, and are sold by the ton to the local canneries. The farmers find in the Vineland Grape Juice Company a good customer for their grapes, although many fanners make their own wine, which they sell in New York and other cities for the Passover and other holidays. The staple crop in the Colonies is sweet potatoes, which are shipped in carload lots to nearly every part of the United States, and which, when properly packed, command higher prices than the same product from other parts of the country. The Alliance Colony consists of three settlements—Alliance proper, which is purely agricultural, and the villages of Norma and Brotmanville, which are largely industrial. Rosenhayn and Carmel are also more or less industrial, but axe surrounded by a number of flourishing farms. The Alliance farmers are perhaps the most prosperous of any in the Colonies. They emerged from their experimental stage ahead of those in the sister Colonies, due probably to their earlier start and to the fact that greater effort was expended on Alliance in its early career. The progress of this colony is also doubtless due in a 84 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK measure to the object lesson furnished by the Allivine Farm, owned by Maurice Fels, of Philadelphia. This farm is conducted on business lines according to the most approved scientific methods. Another institution which serves to promote the progress of Alliance is the cannery conducted by the Allivine Canning Company. It was built in 1901 by Maurice Fels in cooperation with the Jewish Agricultural and Industrial Aid Society. This cannery affords a ready market for various products, and has been an important factor in increasing the quantity and improving the quality of the products raised. Another cannery was built this year (1912) by the Jewish Agricultural and Industrial Aid Society, on the turnpike and trolley line running between Bridgeton and Millville, in the immediate vicinity of Carmel. It provides the Jewish farmers of Carmel and Rosen- hayn with a nearer market for their products. This cannery has been leased to an experienced canner, who conducts it as a private enterprise. Two other settlements which are virtually a part of these Colonies are Garton Road and Six Points. Garton Road is two and a half miles west of Rosenhayn. It was started by a Russian immigrant in 1888, who purchased twenty acres of bush land near Woodruff on the Central Railroad of New Jersey. He was joined by some of his friends from the Col- onies as well as from the neighboring city of Bridgeton. This settlement gradually grew, and now numbers about twenty-four Jewish farmers. It is entirely agricultural. The soil is somewhat better than in the Colonies, and the farmers have been successful almost from the start. Six Points was started in 1907 by the Jewish Agricultural and Industrial Aid Society. It bought several large farms about two miles from Brotman- AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES OF JEWS IN AMERICA 85 ville, and subdivided them into farms of twenty-five acres. The settlement numbers fifteen families. The educational and social advantages in the South Jersey Colonies, because of their comparative compactness and because of the interest taken in them by the Baron de Hirsch Fund and the Jewish Agricultural and Industrial Aid Society, are probably superior to those of any of the Jewish farming settlements in the United States. The latter Society established an educational bureau in 1901, which is under the supervision of a competent director. Columbia Hall in Carmel and Franklin Hall in Eosenhayn, which were built by the Society in 1902, are the centres of the social and educational life in these settlements. The halls are supplied with libraries, which are conducted by the residents, and with auditoriums for lectures, theatricals, dances, and other social functions. A similar hall, Washington Hall, was built in Garton Road, and the Norma Athletic Association, with the cooperation of the Society, is now building a club house at a cost of about $6000. In addition to the primary schools, a well-equipped intermediate school was built in Norma through the generous efforts of Maurice Fels, in which mental instruction is supplemented by manual training for the boys and domestic education for the girls. Children's gardens are also conducted by Maurice Fels in Alliance and by the Jewish Agricultural and Industrial Aid Society in the other colonies. Religious life in the Colonies is well provided for. One or more synagogues are to be found in each, and Carmel recently completed a handsome brick synagogue which cost about $5000. In addition to the local private teachers of Hebrew, the Jewish Chautauqua Society, in 1910, inaugurated a system of religious education in the Colonies, under a competent Rabbi. 86 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

On the whole, it may be said that the situation of the South Jersey Colonies is satisfactory from every point of view. " This colony, or group of colonies," states the report of the United States Immigration Commission, " presents Hebrew agriculture in America at its best. Of the several colonies of Hebrews studied none shows greater apparent material prosperity, a more general dependence on agriculture for a livelihood, a more in- telligent, resourceful husbandry, or a more wholesome community life, educationally, socially, or politically, in a large sense. There is no doubt that a great deal of material encouragement has been given, that many of the social and educational enterprises were conceived, organized, and supported by leaders without the community, and that cooperative business associations and marketing facilities were promoted by leaders who do not live in the settlements; but once established the colonists have entered into all these enterprises with some degree of interest and are beginning to support them. To all appearances the colonies near Vineland, N. J., are permanently established on the basis of a commercial agriculture adapted to the soil, climate, and demands of the market/' Woodbine.—One of the first constructive acts of the Baron de Hirsch Fund was the founding of the well-known Jewish settlement of Woodbine in 1891. After investigating sites in various parts of the country, the choice of the Trustees fell upon a tract of land in the northern part of Cape May County, New Jersey, fifty-six miles from Philadelphia and twenty-two miles south of Vineland. A tract of 5300 acres of land was purchased at a cost of $37,500. Of this area about 275 acres were laid out for a town site, and about 2000 acres surveyed into thirty acre farms. AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES OF JEWS IN AMERICA 87

Woodbine, like most of that part of New Jersey, was covered with a dense growth of scrub oak and pine. During the first year the families of the settlers were left in New York until some land could be cleared and buildings erected. The families arrived in 1892 and planting began. The work done by these pioneers was paid for by the Baron de Hirsch Fund and charged to the cost of the farms. In this way the settlers were enabled to earn a living while improving the farms allotted to them. The cost of the farms with the improvements amounted on the average to about $1000. As was to have been expected, not all of the fifty families remained. The hardships were enough to discourage the most optimistic and persevering. Agriculturally Woodbine has not made very great progress. The soil is rather sandy and poor and requires a large quantity of fertilizer to make it productive. There are now about thirty farmers in Woodbine, cultivating about five hundred acres. Woodbine might be classed as an agricultural-industrial colony. During the early period, when farming to any extent was a physical impossibility, it was found necessary, in order to enable the farmers and their children to make ends meet, to establish some industries where the surplus farming population could find employment. The industrial activities have made better progress than the agricultural, and Woodbine's industrial enterprises comprise a machine-shop employing about one hundred persons, two clothing-factories employing two hundred and fifty persons, a knitting-mill employing one hundred persons, besides a hat-factory and a box-factory. These industries are housed in brick buildings and equipped with the most modern machinery. In 1903 Woodbine was, by act of the legislature, separated from the township of Dennis and made a separate borough. 88 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

Woodbine is unique in being the only municipality in the country in which all the offices are filled by Jews. It controls its own school system and has four schools, one of which, the central school, was built in 1906 at a cost of $15,000. This borough has the distinction of having had the first kindergarten in the county. Among other public buildings there are two synagogues, a Hebrew School (Talmud Torah), a public bath house, a hotel, a meeting hall, and the fire-house of the Volun- teer Fire Brigade. Here also is located the Baron de Hirsch Agricultural School. The false assumption sometimes made that the industrial element of the Woodbine settlement exists by the bounty of the Baron de Hirsch Fund, extended in order to hide the failure of a great colonizing undertaking, is not borne out by the facts. The Baron de Hirsch Fund has performed the functions usually undertaken by a real estate development company, in laying out streets, building factories, power-house, water-works, etc.; but it has sedulously refrained from eleemosynary gifts, its altru- istic purpose being expressed in the elimination of profit to itself, and in bearing all risks and administrative expenses. Woodbine is a prosperous town with sanitary factories, successfully conducted by business men as private enterprises, while paying good wages. There are now about three hundred comfortable homes, representing an investment of some $300,- 000, practically owned by their occupants, through the operations of the five local building and loan associations. The many lodges, clubs, and societies for religious and intellectual improvement which flourish there, testify to the belief of the inhabitants in the permanency of the settlement. Northern New Jersey.—There are a number of scattered Jewish farmers in the northern part of New Jersey, but the AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES OF JEWS IN AMERICA 89 most important settlements are to be found in the counties of Middlesex, Monmouth, and Hunterdon. These are grouped chiefly around New Brunswick, Lakewood, Freehold, and Flemington. They are comparatively new, having grown up within the last ten years. With the exception of the Fleming- ton settlement, which was started by the Jewish Agricultural and Industrial Aid Society, the growth of Jewish farming in Northern New Jersey has been spontaneous and gradual. The Flemington settlement was started in 1906 with three families. These farmers were graduates of the experimental farm (Test Farm) the Society was then conducting on Long Island. The Society continued adding to its holdings and by 1910 it acquired thirty-eight farms, aggregating 3262 acres, at a cost of $100,423.77. These were sold under contract to desirable candidates on easy terms. Practically all the farms in this vicinity occupied by Jews are, or were at one time, owned by the Society. The soil in Northern New Jersey is specially adapted to general farming. The farms, as a rule, are fairly large, and dairying is therefore one of the principal branches of farming conducted. There are a number of creameries and milk depots in the vicinity, where the farmers market their dairy products. Cereals, such as oats, rye, corn, and buckwheat, are the principal crops raised. Some of these sections are also adapted to peach growing, and have been for a number of years the leading peach producing localities in the State. In the Freehold district round potatoes are one of its staple products. The local markets in Northern New Jersey are good, and the farmers also have easy access to the New York market. The proximity of these sections to New York City, and their desirability as country homes, have tended to raise farm values. The farmers 90 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK in this part of the State are progressive, and almost every settlement has an active, wideawake local farmers' association. CONNECTICUT.—In 1891 three Jewish families were sent by the United Hebrew Charities of New York City to work in one of the woolen mills in Norwich. Before the year was up they had saved a little money and, with the assistance of the Baron de Hirsch Fund, bought abandoned farms in the neighborhood. The following year another immigrant, Hayim Pankin, who was working in a mill in New London, bought a farm in Ches- terfield, eight miles away, also with the assistance of the Baron de Hirsch Fund. Several Jewish immigrants were attracted to the neighborhood, and within a few months a settlement of twenty-eight Jewish families had sprung up. The Jewish farming settlement of Colchester also had its beginning in 1891. A number of Russian Jews who were working in the rubber mill in Colchester bought farms in the neighborhood. In the fall of that year several well-to-do immigrants from southern Russia, among them Alexis Pincus, also purchased farms in the vicinity. The settlement in the Hartford section was started in 1905. Most of the farmers are located near the town of Ellington, twelve miles from Hartford, with which it is connected by trolley. These settlers came from southern Russia, and were well supplied with means of their own. They bought more or less expensive farms, some costing as much as $10,000. There are now over a dozen well-defined groups of Jewish farmers in this State. The farms vary from very cheap abandoned farms costing in the neighborhood of $1000, to farms in a high state of cultivation with expensive buildings. The poorest farms are in the Berkshire region, while the best farms are in the fertile Connecticut River Valley. In all the settlements dairying is the most general branch of farming pursued. AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES OF JEWS IN AMERICA 91

The Hartford settlement is probably the most prosperous in the United States. In addition to the large dairy herds which some of the farmers keep, tobacco growing is carried on rather extensively. It is not uncommon for a Jewish farmer to realize as high as $6000 in one year from the sale of tobacco alone. Professor Alexander E. Cance, of the Massachusetts Agricul- tural College, in a recent article in the Survey on the Jewish farmers around Hartford says: The successful founding of the Ellington community and its continued prosperity may be ascribed to several causes. In the first place The Jewish Agricultural and Industrial Aid Society has greatly assisted the newcomers, not so much by actual loans as by practical advice both in the purchase of farms and in farm practice. In fact, several farms were chosen and the price and terms of purchase determined upon through the instrumentality of the Society. Owing to this timely assistance, few men paid too dearly for their land or made serious cultural mistakes at the outset. The Jewish farmers in this section, according to Professor Cance, do not suffer by comparison with their German, Swiss, or American neighbors. Their substantial buildings, modern equipment, and large dairy herds impress him that they are "commercial farmers and look for no mere subsistence only; they expect handsome returns." He adds that it does not appear "that the Jewish farmers produce less pounds per acre of tobacco or that, on the whole, the quality of the cured leaf is inferior to the average of the vicinity." He found the investment of the average Jewish farmer in horses, tools, implements, and farm machinery larger and the equipment more modern and complete, than those of many non-Jewish farmers. MASSACHUSETTS.—Jewish farming in Massachusetts has been a matter of less than ten years. The Jewish farmers in this State are settled around Medway and Millis, about twenty miles from Boston, and in the Berkshire Hills, in the extreme western part. 92 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

Most of the farmers around Medway were residents of Boston, who, after saving up some money from their industrial earnings, decided to locate upon farms. This section, which comprises the settlements of Medway, Millis, and Holliston, contains about seventy-five Jewish families. The soil in this region is productive, and the markets and transportation facilities are excellent. The fanners are chiefly engaged in general farming. Poultry raising and truck-gardening for the Boston market are also developing rapidly. The Jewish farmers in Berkshire County are chiefly grouped around Great Barrington and Lee. Their farms are large, some of them having an area of three hundred acres or more, but a comparatively small portion of them is fit for cultivation. They are stony and hilly, and dairying is practically the only branch of farming pursued. The markets are poor, and most of the farms are a considerable distance from the railroad stations. The steep roads make many of these farms difficult of access. A good many of the farmers are compelled to add to their income by working through the winter in the city or by cutting and hauling firewood ; most of the farms are fortunately well-wooded. MICHIGAN.—The beginning of Jewish farming in the State of Michigan was made at a very early period. In 1882 Lazarus Silbeiman, a Chicago banker, assisted twelve families to settle at Carp Lake, in Emmet County, about six miles south of Mackinac Straits. Like the other experiments made during that period, it had but a brief existence. In 1890 Isaac Berliner was assisted by the Jewish Agriculturists' Aid Society of Clri- cago to settle at Twelve Corners in Berrien County, on Lake Michigan, in the neighborhood of Benton Harbor. The following year an attempt at founding a colony in this State was made by sixteen families who settled in Badaxe in AGRICULTURAL. ACTIVITIES OF JEWS IN AMERICA 93

Huron County. They called their settlement Palestine. The land was heavily timbered, and little farming could therefore be done. The settlers were soon in dire straits, and in 1893 the Baron de Hirsch Fund came to their aid to keep them from starving, but in the summer forest fires devastated the entire region, and this colony was swept out of existence. The same year, several other Jewish families were assisted by the Chicago Society to settle near Benton Harbor; the settlement has continued to grow, and now numbers about fifty families. These farmers settled on worn-out farms, and they had for a time an uphill struggle; but Benton Harbor is one of the most important shipping centres for fruit in the State and most of them proceeded at once with the setting out of fruit trees, which are now coming into bearing, and are bringing good returns. Besides the growing of fruit, the Jewish farmers are engaged in dairying, poultry raising, and vegetable gardening, for which the many summer resorts near the Lake furnish excellent markets. NOETH DAKOTA.—North Dakota appears to have been a particular favorite with Jewish settlers, as shown by the number of efforts at colonization and by the growth of Jewish farming in that State. The tendency of the Jewish immigrant to take up Government land seems to be on the increase, although some of the best and most favorably located homesteads have long since been pre-empted. The oldest existing Jewish settlement in this State was founded in 1887 at Devil's Lake, in Ramsey County, by members of the defunct Painted Woods Colony. Here they met with better success. Many of these early pioneers acquired considerable land and, with the growth of the country, became well-to-do. Most of them, however, have sold their land at a 94 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK profit, and are now engaged in various kinds of business in the neighborhood. Burleigh County.—The Jewish settlement in Burleigh County, which is the most firmly established of the North Dakota settlements, was started in 1901. It is located about twenty miles from the town of Wilton in McLean County, twenty-seven miles north of Bismarck on the Minneapolis, St. Paul and Sault Ste. Marie Eailroad. In 1902 the Jewish Agri- culturists' Aid Society, of Chicago, aided a number of residents from that city to settle on Government homesteads in the same neighborhood. None of these pioneers had any funds of his own, and few had farming experience of any kind. But with the aid given by the Chicago Society and also by the Jewish Agricultural and Industrial Aid Society of New York, they were enabled to make satisfactory progress. Some of the settlers and their sons during the early period worked in the neighboring coal mines to earn money toward the equipment of their farms and toward making the necessary improvements. At first the settlers here, as elsewhere in these regions, lived in sod-houses or in dug-outs. Later they built frame dwellings and other farm buildings. This settlement numbers about fifty families. Sulzberger Colony.—The largest Jewish settlement in this state is that in Mclntosh County, near the town of Ashley, about seven miles north from the South Dakota line. It was founded in 1904 by the settlement upon Government land of a number of Jewish families from Minneapolis, who were led to settle there by some of their Eusso-German friends who preceded them. It was named the Sulzberger Colony in honor of Cyrus L. Sulzberger, who, at the time, was president of the Jewish Agricultural and Industrial Aid Society of New York. AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES OF JEWS IN AMERICA 95

Some of these settlers also came from New York, and were assisted to their destination by the Industrial Eemoval Office. The settlement now comprises about sixty families. The climate in this settlement is milder than that prevailing in Bur- leigh County, but the land is not so rich, and it is somewhat stony. The first settlers, however, were able to locate on some very good claims, but the late comers had to content themselves with what was left. Though this colony has made considerable progress, it suffered a severe setback owing to two successive crop failures. The settlers became heavily involved in debt, and the Jewish Agricultural and Industrial Aid Society was called upon on several occasions for assistance to relieve them of their heavy burdens by refunding their debts. Still, most of the settlers have turned the corner, and the prospects, on the whole, are bright. There are also several Jewish settlements in various parts of North Dakota. The newest and at the same time the largest is Bowman, in Bowman County, in the extreme southwestern part of the State. Although the settlement is only about four years old, it numbers some fifty families. The other settlements are Stroud, in McKenzie County; Dogden, in McLean County; Leipzig, in Morton County, and Velva, in Ward County. Be- sides, there are a number of scattered farmers throughout the State. All told, there are about 250 Jewish farming families in North Dakota, comprising an approximate population of 1200. It is generally believed that when the land is free, little or no money is needed to establish oneself. The new settlers found this far from being the case. Aside from the expensive equipment required to cultivate virgin soil, they had to have something to live on for two or three years until they could get 96 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK sufficient returns from their crops. Those, therefore, who were not well supplied with funds soon found themselves in debt. Considering that the prevailing interest rate is 12 per cent, they eventually became so involved that it was difficult for them to extricate themselves. The recent crop failures brought home to the Jewish farmers, who like the other farmers depended largely upon the wheat crop, that they must diversify their farming operations. With the help of the Jewish Agricultural and Industrial Aid Society most of them are going into dairying, which yields them an assured income throughout the year, and a failure of their wheat crops cannot affect them as seriously as heretofore. This helps to improve the economic condition of the Jewish settlers in this and other States in the Northwest. Scattered as the Jewish farmers in North Dakota of necessity must be owing to the great distances, they nevertheless try to maintain a certain degree of social intercourse among themselves. This is shown by the organization of farmers' associations in the three largest settlements in the state—Burleigh County, Sulzberger Colony, and Bowman. This year the Jew- ish Chautauqua Society undertook to look after the religious interests of the Jewish farmers in this State by sending a Eabbi, who visits the most important settlements and ministers to all their religious needs. MISCELLANEOUS.—There are Jewish farming settlements of greater or less importance in many other States of the Union. In Pennsylvania there are about one hundred Jewish farmers, most of them located in Bucks County, not far from the Delaware Eiver. Ohio has two distinct settlements, one in the northern part of the State near Cleveland, and the other in the southern part, in the vicinity of Cincinnati, from which cities the settlers were recruited. AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES OF JEWS IN AMERICA 97

In Wisconsin the Milwaukee Agricultural Association, of which A. W. Eich of that city was the organizer, enlisted the interest of the Jewish Agricultural and Industrial Aid Society, of New York, and with funds furnished by the latter bought in 640 acres of cut-over timber land in Arpin, Wood County. This was divided up into sixteen farms of forty acres each, and several families from Milwaukee were settled. Because of the character of the land the settlers were not successful and left. About six of them, however, returned last year, and reports indicate that they are now likely to remain. In 1910 the St. Louis Prospective Farmers' Association, an organization of immigrant Jews in St. Louis, bought an eight hundred acre farm in Flora, Clay County, Illinois, at a cost of $48,000. Some of the members had considerable means. They • paid down $8500, the balance remaining on mortgage. At first the settlers worked the land together, but subsequently divided it up into eight farms in proportion to the investment of the individual members of the association. In 1911 the Jewish Agricultural and Industrial Aid Society made them loans aggregating $14,500 toward paying off a mortgage. A number of Jewish immigrants settled on Government land in Perkins County, South Dakota, thirty miles from Iiemmon, the nearest railroad station on the Puget Sound Eailroad, in 1908. After locating, they were financially assisted by the Jewish Agricultural and Industrial Aid Society, but two successive years of severe drought caused a number of the settlers in that country, both Jews and non-Jews, to abandon their homesteads. A few, however, remained, and many of those who left did so only temporarily in order to work during the winter, with the intention of returning in the spring. 98 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

In Nebraska some fifteen Jewish families also filed on Gov- ernment land in 1910 in Cherry County, forty miles from Hyannis, the nearest railroad station on the Burlington Kail- road. This land is in the arid belt, and is suitable only for grazing. Settlement was made under the Kinkaid (Desert Land) Act, and each settler has a whole section, that is, 640 acres. Two small Jewish settlements are to be found in the State of Washington, one in Republic, in Ferry County, in the north- eastern part of the State, and the other in Lakebay, Pierce County, about fifteen miles west of Tacoma. The first-named settlement is in a former mining district. The land is not especially adapted to farming, and when the mines closed and the market for farm products disappeared, most of the settlers left. In the other settlement, Lakebay, the marketing and transportation facilities are good, and the farmers are doing well. They are chiefly engaged in trucking and fruit growing. The settlement started in 1906, and numbers about twenty families. The Jewish settlement in Wyoming is located in the eastern part of the State, about twenty miles northwest of Mitchell, Nebraska. The settlement started in 1907 when about fifteen Jewish families from Pittsburg filed on Government land in that State. The interest of the Jewish Agricultural and In- dustrial Aid Society was enlisted in their behalf by Rabbi J. Leonard Levy, of Pittsburg, and the Society loaned money to these settlers to equip their farms. The settlement is in the semi-arid zone. The settlers expected that a Government irrigation project would soon be carried out, but thus far their hopes have not materialized. The settlers are doing whatever dry farming they can, and most of them are working on the irrigated farms in the neighborhood in order to subsist. They AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES OF JEWS IN AMERICA 99 have displayed a great deal of tenacity, and are holding on to their homesteads in the hope that the United States Reclama- tion Service will in time construct the " ditch " and make their farms valuable. A Jewish farming settlement is also to be found in the Sacra- mento Valley, California, in Placer County, about six miles from the town of Lincoln. In 1909 a tract of land was bought and divided up into small parcels of from six to eighteen acres. The little colony is run partly on the community basis. The settlers planted orange trees on most of their land, and fruit growing and poultry raising are mainly carried on. An experiment is being made in Sanpete County, on the Sevier River, Utah, by the Jewish Agricultural and Colonial Association, an organization of Jewish immigrants largely residents of Philadelphia. The association purchased in 1911 about six thousand acres of plateau land directly from the State of Utah. Under the leadership of Benjamin Brown and Joseph Miller, the latter a graduate of the National Farm School, fifteen pioneers took possession of this land, and during the fall and winter of 1911 broke up and planted fifteen hundred acres in wheat, oats, and alfalfa. The plan calls for the settlement of 150 families. The entire tract is to be cultivated on a cooperative basis until the settlement is completed, when it will be par- celled off into forty acres for each family. It is intended to bring over the first group of thirty families after the harvesting of the first crop. Through the instrumentality of Rabbi Isaac Landman, of Philadelphia, a number of prominent Jews of Salt Lake City were interested, and the Utah Colonization Fund was incorporated to finance the individual members who may settle on the land of the association. 100 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

The latest Jewish farming settlement is the Ida Straus Colony, named in memory of Ida Straus, who, with her hus- band, Isidor Straus, lost her life in the Titanic disaster. About twenty Jewish families of St. Louis, who formed the Jewish Farmers' Association, of St. Louis, of which Michael Wittals is president, bought in the spring of 1912 a five thousand acre tract of land near Houston, Texas, and some of the members have already left St. Louis to take possession of the land, erect buildings, and begin farming operations.

COOPERATION AND SELF-HELP The most remarkable feature in the evolution of the agricultural movement among the Jews in the United States is the development of the spirit of self-help and cooperation. The Jewish farmers have learned the advantages of organized endeavor, and their efforts at mutual self-help and social and educational betterment are being well repaid. FARMERS' ASSOCIATIONS.—The establishment of a system of intercommunication among the Jewish farmers through the medium of the Jewish Farmer created in them a natural desire to learn something of one another. This resulted in the formation of farmers' associations in many localities. From four in 1908 their number has steadily increased, until there are to-day forty-eight active and enterprising associations. These local associations supply the cohesive force whereby the Jewish farmers in each section are drawn and held together. Though the associations are primarily agricultural, they enter into every phase of the life of the Jewish farmer. Their meetings are made occasions for picnics, festivals, and other social gatherings for the wives and children of the farmers. They are looked upon as models by the non-Jewish farmers in the vicinity. AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES OF JEWS IN AMERICA 101

FEDERATION OF JEWISH FARMERS.—With a number of organizations composed of men of the same blood, having suffered the same hardships, possessing the same ideals, with interests in common, and the same problems to solve, it was but a natural step that they should wish to get into closer relations with one another. Samuel P. Becker, a retired Jewish farmer of Hart- ford, Connecticut, started an agitation for a union of these associations. A meeting was held in New York City in Janu- ary, 1909, at which the thirteen associations then existing were represented. This resulted in the formation of the Federation of Jewish Farmers of America, with Samuel P. Becker, president; Samuel Hein, of Nassau, N. Y., vice-president; Samuel Kleinfeld, of Vineland, 1ST. J., treasurer; and Joseph W. Pincus, of New York City, secretary. In pursuance of a resolution adopted at this meeting—the first annual convention of Jewish farmers—an agricultural fair and exhibition was held during the Succoth week of 1909, at the Educational Alliance, New York City, under the auspices of the newly-formed Federation. The exhibits came from many States, and included fruits, vegetables, grains, grasses, flowers, butter, cheese, preserves, bread, pastry, honey, and so on. There were also educational exhibits from the Agricultural Colleges of New York, New Jersey, Connecticut, and Massa- chusetts. The exhibit that attracted most attention was that of the Baron de Hirsch Agricultural School, of Woodbine, New Jersey. Exhibits were also made by the National Farm School, of Doylestown, Pennsylvania, the children's gardens in the South Jersey Colonies, and the patients of the Country Sanita- rium of the Montefiore Home at Bedford, New York. The interest created by the fair was widespread, and not less than fifty thousand persons came to view the exhibits. 102 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

The Federation holds a convention annually in the fall, generally during Succoth week, attended by delegates from all constituent associations. The place of meeting is usually the Edu- cational Alliance in New York City. The opening session is devoted to a public mass meeting, at which addresses are made by men prominent in public life. The rest of the sessions are chiefly taken up with business matters and with the discussion of problems of importance to the Jewish farmers. Marketing, improvement of social and educational facilities, and the advantages of cooperation are the main topics under discussion. The Federation's influence on the economic improvement of the Jewish farmer and his general betterment has been marked. Among other activities it conducts a purchasing bureau, through whose agency the farmer is enabled to buy seeds, fertilizers, implements, and other supplies at a considerable saving. Another advantage is that by dealing through the Federation he receives liberal credit. During the spring of 1912 the purchasing bureau did $45,000 worth of business. COOPERATIVE CREDIT.—The need of an adequate system of agricultural credit in the United States has long been felt. This is especially true in the case of the new farmer. He must have seasonal credit in order to work his farm properly. A moderate loan to tide him over until he can market his crops, obtainable with little difficulty and at no expense, is what he requires. The Jewish Agricultural and Industrial Aid Society recognized the need for this form of credit by Jewish farmers, but was in no position to meet it. It cannot keep in sufficiently close touch with the farming communities to warrant its making loans of this nature. Accordingly, in 1911, it set about organizing cooperative credit unions among the various Jewish AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES OF JEWS IN AMERICA 103 farming settlements. As a result, ten such associations are now in active operation. Each of these credit unions raised $500 through the sale of shares to members, and the Society loaned them, at two per cent, $1000—two dollars for every dollar of their own. The form of organization of these Credit Unions is similar to that of the Raiffeisen Banks in Germany, upon which most other credit banks throughout the world are modelled. They are controlled entirely by the members. Shares in these Credit Unions are $5 each, and the holder of one share has the same voice and the same rights as the holder of, say, one hundred shares. Membership in the Unions is open only to members in good standing of the local Jewish farmers' association. The entire membership of a Credit Union constitutes the General Assembly, which has the final decision on all questions. The direct management is in the hands of a board of directors consisting of the president, vice-president, secretary, and treasurer, who also constitute the Credit Committee, and are in complete charge of the granting of loans, and three other members who constitute the Supervisory Committee. The members of the board of directors are not eligible to borrow except by a two- thirds vote of the General Assembly in each instance. The loans are granted only for productive purposes or urgent needs. They are not granted for a period exceeding six months nor for an amount exceeding $100. Interest is charged at the rate of six per cent. The security is determined by the Credit Committee, and is generally a promissory note with one or more responsible endorsements. Initiation fees and other charges, also so much of the net profits as has not been distributed as dividends, constitute the Reserve Fund of the Credit Unions. 104 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

It is a little early at this stage to attempt a discussion of these pioneer credit banks on American soil. Some of the effects resulting from an adequate system of cooperative credit have even at this early date manifested themselves in the communities in which these Credit Unions were established. The per- nicious activity of the local usurer has been largely curtailed. The arrogance of the local storekeeper is in evidence no longer, and the farmer is now treated as a respected customer. The Credit Unions have endowed their members with a high sense of mutual responsibility, and have stimulated them to further effort in the direction of cooperation and mutual self-help.

JEWISH AGRICULTURAL SCHOOLS IN THE UNITED STATES BARON DE HIRSCH AGRICULTURAL SCHOOL.—The Baron de Hirsch Agricultural School was founded in 1894. It is located in Woodbine, and had its beginning in the introduction of manual training into the public school curriculum in that colony. Later a series of lectures on agricultural topics was conducted for the benefit of the farmers in the vicinity. The interest in these lectures was so keen that the Baron de Hirsch Fund decided to erect a barn where the children of Jewish farmers could learn the care of dairy animals. The first class of fifteen boys was organized in the fall of 1894. Until the fall of 1898 the school developed slowly, as it was regarded only as an experiment. Most of the pupils were children of Woodbine settlers, but a few boys from the New York Orphan Asylum were admitted as resident pupils. The work accomplished in this way convinced the Trustees of the Baron de Hirsch Fund that an agricultural school of larger scope would prove of great benefit, and a dormitory was erected to accommodate eighty pupils. The school continued to make progress, both physi- AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES OF JEWS IN AMERICA 105 cally and otherwise. It is well equipped with the necessary buildings, including a brick school building, a dormitory, a modern cow barn, nurseries, greenhouses, poultry plant, and so on. This school has the distinction of being the first school in the United States imparting secondary education in agriculture. The students are of mature years, and the aim of the school is to train them as practical farmers. The course is either one or two years, depending upon the aptitude of the pupil. The graduates, after leaving school, have work secured for them, upon modern, up-to-date farms in every part of the country, with a view to giving them further practical experience in the line of farming to which they are inclined and to which they have devoted most of their time while at school. The number of pupils registered at the school at this date is eighty, and there is a large waiting list for future registration. Between 1894 and 1912 the school sent out 891 students, of whom 429 completed the course and were graduated. Some of the former students have made their mark at teaching in agricultural schools, and in the service of the United States Department of Agriculture, and in similar Departments of the various States. NATIONAL FABM SCHOOL.—Another Jewish agricultural school was founded in 1896 by Eabbi Joseph Krauskopf, of Philadelphia. This school was named the National Farm School, and is located at Doylestown, Bucks County, Penn- sylvania, thirty miles from Philadelphia. In the summer of 1897 the National Farm School began operations with a class of four students, on a 125-acre farm. This farm was purchased with money raised by Eabbi Kraus- kopf by delivering lectures throughout the country, in which he 106 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK solicited money for this purpose. The lands of the school have since grown to four hundred acres, with seventeen buildings of various kinds. The school is picturesquely located in one of the best farming sections in eastern Pennsylvania. The National Farm School aims especially to afford agricultural training to young men who are not prepared to enter State agricultural colleges. Its course of study is outlined for young men of common school education. The institution is supported by private subscriptions from all parts of the country and by annual appropriations from the State of Pennsylvania, and from the Federation of Jewish Charities of Philadelphia, and other cities. It is national and non-sectarian. Its course covers a period of four years; tuition, board, lodging, and clothing are free. Since 1901 the school has graduated 107 students, besides it has taught a large number who attended for a year or more. Some of the graduates have made reputations for themselves as experts in various branches of agriculture, as instructors in agricultural colleges, and as managers of plantations in the South and of fruit farms in the West, and recently as leaders of the Clarion Colony in Utah.

THE JEW IN THE AGRICULTURAL PROFESSION There has been of late an increasing tendency on the part of Jewish young men to enter the agricultural profession. This is evidenced by the increasing number of Jewish students at the agricultural colleges of the various States. The entrance of Jewish young men into a field in which there is plenty of elbow room is highly significant. Although they are new in a new calling, the records established by some of them are encouraging. AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES OF JEWS IN AMERICA 107

Jacob G. Lipman, a son of one of the first Woodbine colonists, a graduate of the Baron de Hirsch Agricultural School and later of the New Jersey State Agricultural College and of Cornell University, is Professor of Soil Chemistry in the New Jersey Agricultural College and Director of the State Experi- ment Station; his brother, Charles B. Lipman, is Associate Professor of Soil Chemistry and Bacteriology at the University of California. J. G. Levinson, a graduate of the Forestry School of Yale, is Chief Arboriculturist of the Brooklyn Park Depart- ment. Joseph A. Rosen, a graduate of the University of Michigan, is the Agricultural Eepresentative in the United States of the Zemstvo of Bkaterinoslaff, Eussia, with headquarters in Minneapolis. Jacob Kotinsky, a son of one of the early Woodbine settlers, a graduate of the Baron de Hirsch Agricultural School and of the New Jersey State College of Agriculture, was for several years Chief Entomologist and Assistant Director of the United States Experiment Station in Honolulu. Henry W. Geller, a graduate of the Michigan Agricultural College, was Superintendent of the Baron de Hirsch Agricultural School for six years. M. E. Jaffa, a Woodbine graduate, is Nutrition Expert of the California Agri- cultural Experiment Station. Bernhard Ostrolenk, a graduate of the National Farm School and of the Massachusetts Agri- cultural College, is Director of the Slayton High School in Slayton, Minnesota. Jacob G. Taubenhaus, another graduate of the National Farm School and of Cornell University, is Assistant Professor of Plant Pathology at the Delaware Agri- cultural College and Experiment Station. Maurice Mitzmain, also a graduate of the National Farm School and of the Uni- versity of California, is Chief Entomologist of the United States Department of Agriculture in the Philippine Islands. 108 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

Joseph W. Pincus, a graduate of the Baron de Hirsch Agri- cultural School and of the Connecticut Agricultural College, is Editor of the Jewish Farmer, Secretary of the Federation of Jewish Farmers of America, and is at the head of the educational extension work of the Jewish Agricultural and Indus- trial Aid Society. These are by no means all the Jewish young men who have made their mark in the agricultural profession. Among other Jews who, although not professional agriculturists, have nevertheless made their influence felt on the agriculture of the United States are: H. L. Sabsovich, an immigrant from Eussia and a graduate of the Zurich Polytechnicum, who was Chemist at the California Agricultural Experiment Station, Superintendent of the Woodbine Colony at its inception, the first Superintendent and practically the organizer of the Agricultural School at Woodbine; and Bernhard Marks, an immigrant from Germany, who was the pioneer of irrigation in California and in introducing alfalfa into the United States. Probably the man whose influence upon the world's agriculture has been the greatest in modern times is David Lubin, the father of the International Institute of Agriculture in Eome and the American delegate to the Institute since its inception in 1905. AFTERWORD BY MORRIS LOEB, Ph. D. To those who have read with care Mr. Eobinson's able review of the various Jewish agricultural settlements, it ought to be apparent that the Jew as a farmer is not a mere sporadic occurrence, and that his comparative rarity is due greatly to the conditions which for many years prevented his possessing arable lands in so many countries. If we seek a striking AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES OF JEWS IN AMERICA 109 historical contrast, we might compare the serf who was forcibly tied to the soil, and whose descendants form the body of the agricultural population of present Europe, with the mediaeval Jew who was not allowed to possess any land outside the ghetto limit, and whose descendants are now seeking to gain a foothold among the farming population of America. There will be, in every country that does not impose arbitrary restrictions upon the freedom of motion of its inhabitants, a certain tendency toward the cities and a countervailing trend toward the open country. This freedom of exchange must be recognized as an inherent condition of personal liberty, and if, for economic or sociological reasons, a relative increase of rural population is desired, only such means can be adopted as will make agricultural life permanently attractive. No bonus system, no promises that cannot be kept, no attempt to stimulate an artificial sentiment will effect a permanent settlement, any more than it will be possible to keep a certain proportion of the children of the colonists from returning to the cities. For this reason, those who try to foster agricultural tenden- cies among the Jews must seek means that do not differ in principle from those to be adopted in connection with any agricultural movement. Wherever this common-sense rule is neglected, wherever colonists are planted in localities not suitably chosen, wherever the colonists themselves are not selected with regard to their intellectual, physical, and moral fitness, wherever they are not sufficiently equipped with agricultural implements as well as agricultural knowledge, wherever they lack the means to await the harvesting of the first successful crop, the colonies are 'bound to fail; and it is the neglect of one or other of these essentials that has caused so many bitter disappointments in the past among the innumerable agricul- 110 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK tural settlements—Jewish and others—which have been placed in so many different parts of the world during the past fifty years. The worst mistake of all is that of placing paupers in an agricultural colony, with the idea that they must succeed there, when they have failed in industrial or financial pursuits. The true pauper lacks the essentials for the successful farmer in the same degree: namely, will-power and the capacity for sustained effort. An agricultural colony composed largely of industrial failures will he an agricultural failure as well. On the other hand, it must be remembered that paternal administration of a colony will certainly repel the ablest and most progressive settlers, and it is for this reason that the Alliance Israelite Universelle, the Jewish Colonization Association, as well as the American organizations dealing with the same problems, are endeavoring, as far as possible, to reduce the paternal system in the form of administrators dwelling within the colonies, and to substitute therefor local self-government, with the aid of travelling agricultural and administrative advisers. The results seem to have been most encouraging, and such colonies have not only succeeded in retaining their original membership, but have attracted additional energetic settlers. An artificially-planted colony, however, is, at best, a makeshift as compared with voluntary acquisition of land by the settler himself, and it is here that the greatest development must be expected in the future, inasmuch as this follows the natural course of events and is free from any artificial stimulus, whose removal might lead to a collapse of the enterprise. This is the chief field to which the Jewish Agricultural Societies are devoting their energies at the present moment. It might be well to summarize the means that are being employed as the result of the experience of a quarter of a century. AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES OF JEWS IN AMERICA

First: Financial.—Every form of gift must be avoided, and the relations between the settler and the Society must be upon an equitable commercial basis. Loans are to be made on fair security at low rates of interest and with the fullest regard for the real needs of the farmer, in contradistinction to the local usurers, who exact exorbitant rates of interest, and try to induce the borrower to make unnecessary expenditures in order that he shall forfeit his equity under the load of his debts; even the local bank is often not free from this reproach. The interest and capital must bepaid as promptly as possible during good seasons, while no advantage is taken of misfortunes beyond the control of the settler, and the tendency to improve his land is always taken into full account in the extension of time or the granting of additional loans. To meet immediate wants of a temporary nature, for which the regular machinery of the mortgage department is too cumbersome, cooperative loan societies are to be encouraged among the farmers themselves, with some aid from the central organization. All shareholders are entitled to equal consideration in the granting of short loans, and the same machinery can be made available in the cooperative purchasing of seeds, fertilizers, and implements on the joint credit of the entire group of farmers. Second: Agricultural Information.—The intending settler should be assisted to the fullest extent in the selection of his farm, and if it is impossible to maintain a regular staff of experts for such a purpose, connection should be sought with official agricultural stations, or other established institutions, for the purpose of securing such advice when needed. Farms already in operation should be frequently visited by agricultural advisers, who shall point out in a reasonable manner the defects of management which appear to them. These advisers must not 8 112 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK he the fiscalagent s of the organization, in order that the farmer may feel that the advice given is entirely disinterested. This is only following the plan adopted by our western railroads, who desire to promote the productivity of the lands along their right of way. The printing of a special agricultural paper by the Jewish Agricultural and Industrial Aid Society was only due to the linguistic disability of so many of its proteges; but the use of good agricultural papers and, perhaps, the establishment of travelling agricultural libraries would be of the greatest importance in disseminating this knowledge. Third: Instruction of the Young.—We must carefully dif- ferentiate between the teaching required by the children of farmers and that adapted to the wants of city dwellers who wish to take up agriculture. The former have a natural familiarity with farming conditions, and for them the best instruction is that which is given, in the United States, at least, by the various State Colleges of Agriculture in the so-called short winter courses. The Jewish Agricultural and Industrial Aid Society has for a number of years past provided stipends, to enable the children of Jewish farmers to attend these courses, and bring home knowledge which will enable them to assist their fathers to the greatest possible extent in the cultivation of the farm. For the boy or girl who desires to take up farming from a scientific standpoint, the State institutions afford the best possible opportunity, and limited assistance toward attending them would not be out of place, if it were not to be feared that even at the present time more students are crowding into these scientific courses than are likely to make a satisfactory showing in the careers to which they are expected to lead. But the farm school, as a means of educating for farm life city dwellers, still remains as an essential feature of the general agricultural AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES OF JEWS IN AMERICA H3 scheme. Those at Woodbine and Doylestown are now especially devoting their energies toward developing as far as possible a taste for agriculture and teaching as rapidly as possible the essentials which enable young men to obtain positions as agricultural laborers, with the promise that they will be assisted toward independent holdings as soon as they have acquired the necessary general experience, and proved their fitness to continue in agricultural pursuits. Fourth: Artificial aid to agricultural colonists is sometimes necessary, where special conditions are to be overcome. Cream- eries and canneries will compensate for the absence of local markets; special harvesting machinery, grain elevators, etc., will enable a group of small cultivators to compete successfully with the owner of a large tract. If a benevolent society attempts to manage such establishments, it will commit a serious blunder. The only satisfactory arrangement can be that adopted by many American towns, of offering special inducements to independent operators to establish themselves in a particular locality. Subventions made for such a purpose will in the end prove no sacrifice at all, but it would be far better to avoid as far as possible the necessity for such enterprises, by seeking to deter settlers from placing themselves in positions where their future is dependent upon artificial aid. Finally: The healthfulness of the region and enjoyment to be derived from the neighborhood, as well as the educational opportunities as compared with those in cities and towns, become more and more important conditions in determining the choice of location: farming communities which lack social, hygienic, and intellectual advantages will gradually lose their best inhabitants. It is for this reason that more and more attention will have to be paid to improving the schools, places of 114 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK worship, and places of amusement in agricultural centres, and it is fortunate that, in America, at least, there are societies like the Jewish Chautauqua which are devoting attention especially to questions of this kind, and whose cooperation will more and more overcome the arguments that keep families from settling upon the open land. The State will have to do its share, by providing better police protection, better means of communication, better medical supervision, in time, even better distribution of such utilities as are found in the urban community; but even now individual efforts in these directions are sure to bear ample fruit. When the large number of families now established upon the soil, whose success is visible to so many of their acquaintances, is compared with the deterrent effect of the largely-advertised agricultural failures of a quarter of a century ago, the movement of the Jewish population to agricultural regions is bound to become increasingly important, and therefore the present AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK performs a useful office in publishing a survey of the conditions at a time that may be taken as the threshold of an era wherein the ratio between city and country-dwellers among the Jews will be that imposed by nature rather than by restrictive tyranny.

BIBLIOGRAPHY Alliance Israelite Universelle. Bulletins 1-21. Paris, 1880-1895. Elk, Julius. Die Jiidischen Kolonien in Russland. Frankfurt-a- M., 1886. Hebrew Emigrant Aid Society of the United States. Report. New York, 1882. Jewish Agriculturists' Aid Society of America. Annual Reports. Chicago, 1901-1908. Jewish Agricultural and Industrial Aid Society. Annual Reports. New York, 1900-1911. AGRICULTURAL ACTIVITIES OF JEWS IN AMERICA H5

Jewish Agricultural Experiment Station. Charter and By-Laws. New York, 1910. Jewish Colonization Association. Annual Reports. Paris, 1896- 1910. Jewish Encyclopedia. Vol. I. New York, 1901. Agricultural Colonies: Argentine Republic by Milton Reizenstein. Canada by Milton Reizenstein. Palestine by Herman Rosenthal. Russia by Herman Rosenthal. United States by Milton Reizenstein. Jewish Farmer. New York, May, 1908, to date. Klein, Moses. Migdal Zophim (The Watch Tower). Philadelphia, 1889. Liebman, W. Moritz A. Simon, in Ost und West. Vol. 5, pp. 197- 205. Berlin, 1905. Recueil de matSriaux sur la situation 6conomique des Israelites de Russie. Vol. I. Paris, 1906. Rubinow, Isaac M. " Economic Condition of the Jews in Russia," in Bulletin of the Bureau of Labor No. 72. September, 1907. Washington, 1907. Ruppin, Arthur. Die Juden der Gegenwart. 2 Auflage. Koln, 1911. Sbornik. materialov ob ekonomitscheskom polozhenii Evreev v Rosii. St. Petersburg, 1904. Schipper, Ignacy. Agrikolonisation der Juden in Polen, in Jtidische Fragen. Wien, 1909. Simon, A. M. Soziales zur Judenfrage. Frankfurt-a-M., 1904. Sonnenfeld, Sigmund. Jiidische Bauerkolonien, in Nord und Siid. Berlin, March, 1912. Stainsby, William. The Jewish Colonies of South Jersey. Bureau of Statistics of New Jersey, Camden, 1901. Trietsch, Davis. Palastina Handbuch. 3 Auflage. Berlin, 1912. U. S. Immigration Commission. Abstracts of Reports. Vol. I., pp. 575-581. Washington, 1911. Zionistisches A-B-C Buch. Berlin-Charlottenburg, 1908. Zionistisches Merkbuch. Berlin, 1912. 116 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

A LIST OF EVENTS IN 5672 AND NECROLOGY JULY 1, 1911, TO JUNE 30, 1912 UNITED STATES 1911 July 4. Sixty-five East Side societies march in Fourth of July parade, New York City. Aug. 1. Peoria, 111., Jews contribute one thousand dollars for Jewish sufferers from great fires in Turkey. 4. Resolutions adopted at 1911 conference of Seventh-Day Adventists, New York City, protesting against persecution of Jews. 14. Resolutions adopted by Society of Friends, Richmond, Ind., protesting against outrages perpetrated upon Jews by Russian Government. 15. Independent Order B'nai B'rith contributes $3,832 for the relief of sufferers from Constantinople fire. Sept. 9. First party of Jewish farmers arrive in Salt Lake City, Utah, on way to Piute Project, to colonize in Southern Utah. 11. Circuit Judge Rassieur, St. Louis, Mo., denies incorporation to Jewish Christian Association, for conversion of Jews to Christianity, on ground that it violates religious liberty clause of Constitution. 15. Supreme Court Justice Goff, New York City, refuses incorporation of " Agudath Achim Kahal Adath Jeshurun " on ground that title should be in English. 29. Oscar S. Straus, New York City, member of Hague Tribunal, appeals to United States Government to extend good offices to establish peace between Italy and Turkey. Oct. 3. United States District Court Judge Hough issues writ of habeas corpus reviewing order of immigration officials excluding David Perriss and five other Turkish Jewish immigrants, arriving at Ellis Island Sept. 21. 13. Jewish Daily News, New York, publishes statement of Richard Sossman, Nicaraguan Consul-General in United States, that if Jews immigrated to Nicaragua extensively, they would have no difficulty in securing local autonomy. A LIST OF EVENTS IN 5672 AND NECROLOGY H7

UNITED STATES (continued) Oct. 15. Temple Beth Elohim, Brooklyn, N. Y., celebrates fiftieth anniversary. 20. Temple Israel, St. Louis, Mo., celebrates twenty-fifth anniversary. 30. Mass meeting at Rodeph Sholom Synagogue, Pittsburg, Pa., adopts resolutions favoring treaty of peace and arbitration between England and the United States, (end). Jewish bakers of Chicago, 111., at conference held at instance of Orthodox Rabbis, sign agreement to keep shops closed on Sabbath and to pay money penalty in case of violation of agreement. Nov. 10. Members of leading Jewish organizations of Galveston, Tex., pass resolutions condemning recent statements issued against Jewish Immigration Bureau as malicious, irresponsible, and unworthy of belief. 11. Joseph Leon Israel, Birmingham, Ala., dismissed from United States Military Academy, West Point; charge of anti-Jewish prejudice denied. 13. Judge Julian W. Mack, at annual meeting of Charity Organization Society, New York, takes issue with Immi- gration Commissioner Williams. He holds that America cannot afford to close its doors against newcomers, who bring fresh idealism to this country. 17. Statement that Yale Corporation of New Haven, Conn., which controls properties of Yale University, refuses to rent University property in Chicago to Jewish tenants. 26. Philadelphia delegation presents to United States Senator Penrose and to Philadelphia Congressmen remonstrance against enactment of restrictive immigration laws. Senator Penrose states present laws are adequate. Similar views expressed by Representatives Moore, Moon, Donohue, and McCreary. Dec. 6. Rabbi Harry W. Ettelson and Solomon Eisner request School Board, Hartford, Conn., to have " Merchant of Venice" dropped from reading list in schools. Board adopts motion complying with request. Motion to abolish all religious exercises and begin morning session with singing of national anthem lost by vote of 5 to 4. 12. Jewish pupils, Public School No. 10, Passaic, N. J., petition local Board of Education to eliminate reading of Bible and singing of Christian hymns from school exercises. 15. At request of Rabbi P. Israeli, three of Roxbury public school principals agree to omit all Christian celebrations and use of Christmas trees in schools. 118 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

UNITED STATES (continued) Dec. 18. Washington Section sends formal notice to Executive Committee of its withdrawal from Council of Jewish Women. 19. Triennial Meeting Council of Jewish Women, at Phila- delphia, Pa., arouses much dissension. 22. Public School Commission of Indianapolis, Ind., provides teachers and rooms at Manual Training High School for night classes for Jewish immigrants. 22. National Liberal Immigration League petitions Presi- dent Taft to recommend to Congress the establishment of naturalization court in New York City on account of ap- proaching reduction in number of Federal Courts. 26. Baltimore Section secedes from Council of Jewish Women, because of dissatisfaction with management and national officers. 29. Petition of pupils of Plainfleld, N. J.. Public School, No. 10, to Board of Education, requesting discontinuance of Bible reading and other religious exercises, denied. 29. At request of Kehillah of New York City and Federation of Roumanian Jews, Council of University Settlement adopts resolution " that in holiday celebration held annually by Kindergarten Association at University Settle- ment, every feature of any sectarian character, including Christmas tree, Christmas programme for celebration, Christmas songs, etc., should be eliminated." 29. Jacob H. Schiff, Treasurer of National Committee for Relief of Sufferers from Russian massacres, applies to Supreme Court, New York State, for directions as to disposition of remainder of fund in his possession. 30. Convention of Texas Zionists, Austin, Texas. Evening prayers held in Texas Senate Chamber decorated with Zionist flags. 1912 Jan. 5. State organization formed, Boston, Mass., to encourage naturalization of Jews of State. 5. Philadelphia Kehillah requests leniency in enforcement of drastic Sunday law of 1794. Mayor Blankenburg promises due consideration to those who observe Saturday as their Sabbath. 5. Boston Section withdraws from Council of Jewish Women. 8. Chicago Section adopts resolution to withdraw from Council of Jewish Women. 10-24. Kehillah of New York City arranges course of lectures by Miss Dona Saruya on Jewish dietary laws at Teachers' College. A LIST OP EVENTS IN 5672 AND NECROLOGY 119

UNITED STATES (continued) Jan. 11. Herman Bernstein, journalist, refused vise1 of passport by Russian consul in New York City. 13. Centenary celebration of birth of Dr. Liebman Adler, Chicago, 111. 18. President Taft receives delegation representing Ameri- can Association of Foreign Language Newspapers, introduced by Louis N. Hammerling. Mr. Taft says he favors admission of desirable immigrants, but immigration laws should be enforced strictly. 20. In the Outlook, Dr. Lyman Abbott advises an inquiring schoolmaster that he is under no moral obligation to admit Jewish pupils to his school. 25. Savannah Section withdraws from Council of Jewish Women. 26. Aaron Hahn, delegate from Cuyahoga County to Ohio Constitutional Convention, suggests provision in constitution for prohibition of sectarian religious instruction in public schools of Ohio. 27. President Taft attends ball of Daughters of Jacob, New York City. 30. The Kehillah of New York City announces subscriptions amounting to over sixty thousand dollars annually for five years for Jewish education in New York City, in response to appeal of Dr. J. L. Magnes. (end). Seventh-Day Adventist convention, Atlantic Union Con- ference, Brooklyn, N. Y.( adopts resolutions protesting against the recent massacres of Jews in Russia and outbreaks of anti-Jewish feeling in so-called Christian countries as un-Christian and affirming their belief that the Jew is entitled to religious and civil rights. Feb. 9. Committee on Education, Kehillah of Philadelphia, resolves to gather statistics respecting the Jewish educational facilities of that city, and recommends organization of Jewish educational board composed of representatives of Jewish educational institutions for promotion of Jewish education, and the convening of a conference of teachers and others interested in Jewish education. 13. Philadelphia Section, at monthly meeting, passes resolution urging reconciliation of seceding Sections with national body of Council of Jewish Women. 16. Bill to incorporate New York Kehillah introduced In New York Legislature by Assemblyman Jacob Levy. 26. Grand Officers of Independent Order Brith Abraham grant sum of one thousand dollars to families of Jewish strikers of Lawrence, Mass., and appeal to all lodges in Order for additional support. 120 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

UNITE© STATES (continued) Feb. 26. The Kehillah of Philadelphia, Pa., telegraphs to Senator Penrose and to Philadelphia Representatives, urging them to use best efforts to prevent passage of bill introduced by Senator Lodge, providing for a literacy test. 27. Petition opposing Dillingham Bill restricting immigration signed by prominent citizens of San Diego, Calif., sent to Representative Sylvester C. Smith. 28. Association for Protection of Jewish Immigrants, Phila- delphia, through president, Louis E. Levy, files protest with Congress in letter to Representative J. Hampton Moore, against incorporation of educational test or mone- tary requirement in immigration law. Mch. 7. Hebrew Civic Club, San Francisco, Calif., appoints committee to cooperate with Police Department and others interested in stamping out white slavery and punishment of those promoting traffic. 8. Representative Jews of Chicago petition Election Board to change date of spring primaries, fixed for April 9, last day of Passover. 22. Harry C. Howard, Mayor, Brockton, Mass., sends letter to editor of Boston Jewish Advocate denying that there is discrimination against Jews on part of the registrars of elections. 29. Rabbinical Association of New Jersey endorses Gill Bill to amend marriage law so as to read " an ordained minister of any religion," instead of " any minister of the gospel is competent to perform marriage ceremony." Apl. 5. Youngstown, O., Section Council of Jewish Women dis- bands and reorganizes as independent organization. 12. Thirty-five Jewish merchants of Paterson, N. J., petition Board of Aldermen to amend Sunday law, so as to exempt merchants who observe Jewish Sabbath. 21. Twenty-fifth anniversary of founding of Philadelphia Branch of Jewish Theological Seminary Association observed at Dropsie College. 22. Eastern Council of Reform Rabbis of New York and New England organized " to strengthen position of Reform Judaism in New York and Eastern Cities." (See p. 221.) 23. Jewish Community (Kehillah) of Philadelphia author- izes committee to call on managers of theatres to protest against caricaturing of Jew on the stage. 26. Jewish Farmers' Association of St. Louis, Mo., purchases five thousand acres in Texas and decides to call the tract " The Ida Straus Subdivision." 28. At annual meeting, the Kehillah of New York adopts resolution protesting against restriction of immigration by literacy test. A LIST OP EVENTS IN 5672 AND NECROLOGY

UNITED STATES {continued) May 3. American Jewish Committee sends five thousand francs to Anglo-Jewish Association in London, for sufferers at Fez, Morocco, with assurance that additional contributions will be made, equal to those by Anglo-Jewish Association. 6. Mass meeting, Cooper Union, New York City, addressed by Oscar S. Straus, ex-Congressman William S. Bennet, Congressmen William Sulzer and Henry M. Goldfogle, Edward Lauterbach, and others. Committee appointed to appear before House Committee on Immigration, to present resolutions adopted and to protest against a literacy test for immigrants. 6. Chicago Association of Jewish Women adopts resolutions protesting against Dillingham and Burnett Bills containing a literacy test for immigrants. 7. Mass meeting, Baltimore, Md., to protest against Dilling- ham and Burnett Immigration Bills. Cardinal Gibbons writes letter in which he opposes a literacy test. 7. Boston Section, Council of Jewish Women, in annual meeting, passes resolution against Immigration Bills, and sends telegram opposing their passage to House Committee on Immigration. 7. Mass meeting, Faneuil Hall, Boston, Mass., to protest against Dillingham and Burnett Bills, addressed by ex- Congressman John A. Keliher, Edw. J. Bromberg, Jacob de Haas, and Dr. Santasusso. Resolutions adopted condemning literacy test. Committee of five selected to go to Wash- ington to oppose the bills. 8. Mass meeting of citizens, Philadelphia, Pa., to protest against Dillingham and Burnett Immigration Bills, adopts resolutions and telegraphs them to Congress. 9. Mass meeting, Cleveland, 0., protests against Dilling- ham Immigration Bill. Addresses delivered by Governor Harmon, Mayor Baker, Congressman Howland, Rev. Bishop Farelly, Rev. Bradly, Hon. James W. Garfield, Rabbi Gries, Rabbi Margolies, and Edw. Baker. Homer Johnson, of Chamber of Commerce, presides. 9. United Hebrew Societies of Elizabeth, N. J., protest against passage of Dillingham Immigration Bill. 9. Mass meeting under auspices of local lodge, Order Brith Abraham, New Haven, Conn., protests against Dill- ingham Immigration Bill. 9. Mass meeting, New Britain, Conn., protests against Dill- ingham and Burnett Immigration Bills. 122 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

UNITED STATES (continued) May 10. Political Refugees' Defense League, New York City, organized by Dr. Henry Moskowitz, Nicholas Aleinikoff, and Morris Katz, protests against the Root amendment to Dillingham Immigration Bill. 12. Civic memorial service, at Carnegie Hall, for Mr. and Mrs. Isidor Straus, victims of Titanic disaster. 12. Mass meeting, Buffalo, N. Y., adopts resolution protesting against passage of Dillingham and Burnett Bills. 14. Board of Managers of Hebrew Sunday School Society, Philadelphia, Pa., adopts resolution protesting against passage of Dillingham and Burnett Immigration Bills. 16. Governor S. E. Baldwin, New Haven, Conn., in address, criticises Dillingham Immigration Bill. 19. Providence, R. I., Young Men's Hebrew Association adopts resolutions protesting against Dillingham and Burnett Immigration Bills. 19. Federation of Galician and Bukovinian Jews, New York City, adopts resolution protesting against Dillingham Im- migration Bill. 19. Federation of Roumanian Jews of America, in annual convention at Philadelphia, adopts resolution protesting against literacy test in Dillingham Immigration Bill. 24. Political Refugees' League mass meeting in Cooper Union, New York City, protests against Dillingham Immi- gration Bill. 24. Jacob H. Schiff, New York City, presents to Library of Congress, Washington, D. C, a collection of Hebraica, comprising more than ten thousand volumes collected by Ephraim Deinard, of Arlington, N. J. 28. Executive Council, Philadelphia Jewish Community, adopts resolution favoring establishment of a Va'ad Ha- kashruth, for proper regulation of Shehitah. 29. Executive Committee, Central Conference of American Rabbis, adopts resolutions opposing formation of sectional conferences. (See April 22.) 30. Mass meeting, Chicago, 111., adopts resolutions protesting against passage of Dillingham Bill; addresses delivered by Professor Freund and Professor Tufts of the University and Miss Abbott of the Immigration Safety League. 30. Herman Bernstein, New York City, with United States passport, visfied by Russian Consul in Paris, refused admission to Russia at frontier. A LIST OF EVENTS IN 5672 AND NECROLOGY 123

UNITED STATES (continued) June 3. Association of Jewish Bakers, New York, determine to keep closed on Sabbath. 3. Independent Order Brith Sholom, at annual convention, Baltimore, Md., passes resolution opposing educational test in pending Immigration Bill. 7. Evening schools to be opened in New York City for Turkish Jews, for their instruction in English during summer months. 8. Trustees Cornel! University decide to found Jacob H. Schiff Fellowship and Non-Resident Lectureship for promotion of study of German out of endowment of $100,000 given to University. 19. Yonkers Board of Education denies request of M. J. Levy, Crestwood, to forbid singing of hymns in public schools. 22. Plank adopted in platform at Republican Convention, Chicago, 111., pledging party to " enactment of appropriate laws to relieve growing evil of undesirable or induced immigration." 1911 NECROLOGY July 1. Mary M. Cohen, communal worker, Philadelphia, Pa., at Atlantic City, N. J., aged 57. 4. Esther Herrman, philanthropist, New York City, aged 89. 4. Nathan Michnick, Rabbi, Lake Charles, La., aged 60. 7. Philip Bernstein, Civil War veteran, Confederate Army, Winnfleld, La., aged 84. 8. Solomon Bondi, communal worker, St. Louis, Mo., aged 70. 9. Morris Baldauf, communal worker, Henderson, Ky., aged 72. 15. Aaron Lazarus, Brevet Captain, United States Volun- teers, Civil War, Philadelphia, Pa., aged 70. 22. Meyer Siedenbach, financier, Philadelphia, Pa., at Marienbad, Germany, aged 66. 26. James Levy, artist and communal worker, Cincinnati, O., aged 84. 28. Henry Friendlich, Rabbi, Leavenworth, Kan., at New York City, aged 82. 29. Abraham Hurwitz, Rabbi, Akron, O., aged 57. 31. Frederick Loeser, merchant, Brooklyn, N. Y., at Stutt- gart, Germany, aged 77. Aug. 7. David N. Henriques, formerly in United States consular service, New Orleans, La. 13. Charles Richard Heller, communal worker, Cleveland, O., aged 69. 16. Isaac Schiekler, Rabbi, New York City, aged 78. 124 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

UNITED STATES (.continued) Aug. 19. Abraham H. Abrams, communal worker, Pittsburg, Pa. 23. Solomon Mehrbach, former president Second Avenue Railroad, New York City. 24. Simon Adler, manufacturer and philanthropist, Roches- ter, N. Y. 25. Rosa F. Sachs, communal worker, Cincinnati, O. 26. Isabel Richman Wallach, communal worker and author- ess, New York City. 30. Marx Levy, former Councilman, Berwick, Pa., aged 59. 31. Meyer Frank, communal worker, Philadelphia, Pa., aged 89. (end). David Levin, member State Legislature 1897-1905, Tacoma, Wash., aged 52. Sept. 4. Jacob Jacobson, Rabbi, Chicago, 111., aged 71. 5. Daniel Meyer, banker and philanthropist, San Francisco, Calif., aged 87. 12. Emanuel Frankenthal, communal worker, Chicago, 111., aged 84. 16. Alfred L. Peck, piano manufacturer, New York, at Munich, aged 41. 17. H. Davidson, Rabbi, Stockton, Calif., aged 70. 21. Max Lehman, Captain, Civil War, Gloversville, N. Y., aged 85. 22. Gershon David, Trustee State Asylum at Athens, O., Jackson, O., aged 83. 23. Marcus Goldman, Chief Librarian Hebrew Literature Society, Philadelphia, Pa., aged 74. 27. Benjamin Marshall, communal worker, Syracuse, N. Y., aged 52. 29. Hertz Hiller, capitalist, New Orleans, La., aged 84. Oct. 3. Lazar Laserson, Civil War veteran, New York City, aged 67. 5. Henry Sessel, Mexican War veteran, Memphis, Tenn., aged 89. 5. Godchaux A. Levi, communal worker, Dallas, Texas, aged 60. 9. Bernard C. Cohen, communal worker, Buffalo, N. Y. 13. Jacob Loeb, communal worker, Canton, Miss., aged 77. 17. Max Friedman, communal worker, Boston, Mass. 18. Michael Cadison, educator and communal worker, Pitts- burg, Pa., aged 59. 19. Aaron Hirsch, Civil War scout, St. Louis, Mo., aged 83. 20. Morris Israel, banker of Charleston, S. C., at New York City, aged 75. 23. David Apotheker, poet and journalist, New York City, aged 56. A LIST OF EVENTS IN 5672 AND NECROLOGY 125

UNITED STATES (continued) Oct. 23. Louis R. Ehrich, art collector and connoisseur, New York City, in London, England, aged 62. 29. Joseph Pulitzer, journalist, New York City, aged 64. Nov. 3. Solomon Mosche, Rabbi, Brooklyn, N. Y., aged 75. 3. Samuel Botkowsky, Rabbi, New York City, aged 90. 4. Leon Mandel, merchant, Chicago, 111., aged 70. 9. Paul Lisso, financier, Alexandria, La., aged 57. 13. Charles H. Israels, architect, New York City, aged 45. 17. Samuel Thanhouser, former United States Land Agent, Milwaukee, Wis., aged 75. 17. Max Goldbarth, member City Council, Charleston, W. Va. 21. Carrie L. Strauss, philanthropist, Chicago, 111., aged 64. 29. Max Lakman, Rabbi, Cleveland, O. Dec. 16. Moses A. Schreiber, Rabbi, New York City, aged 73. 20. Rose Eytinge, actress, Philadelphia, Pa., at Amityville, N. Y., aged 76. 21. Benjamin Franklin Jonas, former United States Senator, New Orleans, La., aged 77. 22. Jacques Adelsheimer, Captain, Civil War veteran, Pitts- burg, Pa., aged 72. 24. Hirsch Goldberg, Rabbi, Savannah, Ga., at New York City. 29. Arnold Tanzer, associate editor of the Nation, New York City, aged 71. 1912 Jan. 2. Leopold Einstein, communal worker, Cleveland, 0., aged 69. 15. Newman Cowen, communal worker, New York City, aged 80. 15. Elizabeth Lazarus, philanthropist, Philadelphia, aged 90. 19. Pinchus Mintz, Rabbi, Cleveland, O., aged 48. 19. Caroline W. Neustadter, philanthropist, New York City, aged 72. 20. Nathan Moses, communal worker, Cincinnati, O., aged 85. 21. Morris Steinert, founder Steinert Piano Company, New Haven, Conn., aged 80. 24. Morris Klein, Rabbi, Cleveland, O., aged 71. 25. Henry Hochheimer, Rabbi-emeritus, Baltimore, Md., aged 92. 25. Ephraim Offner, merchant and philanthropist, New Orleans, La., aged 73. 27. Ludwig Schwabacher, manufacturer, San Francisco, Calif., aged 65. 31. Maurice J. Hart, municipal worker, New Orleans, La., aged 63. 126 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

UNITED STATES {continued) Feb. 1. Charles Godchaw, Judge, Tampa, Fla. 1. Clarence W. Kuhn, banker, Cincinnati, O., aged 42. 8. Leon Kahn, former member City Council of Indianapolis, Ind., at Louisville, Ky., aged 79. 10. Theodore D. (Ted) Marks, originator Sunday concerts, New York City. 12. Washington Seligman, banker, New York City, aged 53. 13. Louis Heilprin, encyclopedist, New York City, aged 60. 13. Levi Stern, merchant, Philadelphia, Pa., aged 92. 15. Isaac Ciener, communal worker, Indianapolis, Ind. 16. Albert L. Parkes, theatrical manager and writer, New York City, aged 85. 19. Albert Cahn, Captain, Civil War veteran, Joplin, Mo., aged 69. 20. William Cobe, communal worker, Boston, Mass., aged 83. 25. Nachum Paltiel Bromson, Rabbi, Baltimore, Md., aged 81. 26. Ernst Thalmann, banker, New York City, aged 61. Mch. 3. William Wolf, philanthropist and communal worker, San Francisco, Calif., aged 86. 7. Marcus Bernheimer, active in political affairs, St. Louis, Mo., aged 65. 7. Eugene Sterne, merchant, St. Louis, Mo., aged 72. 8. Isaac Hirsch, Colonel, former Mayor, Chillicothe, Mo., aed 76. 9. Hiram Ullman, merchant and member of Common Coun- cil, Williamsport, Pa., aged 57. 11. Nathan Zeitlin, scholar and communal worker, Boston, Mass., aged 58. 22. Marks Arnheim, clothing merchant, New York City, aged 63. 23. Hezekiah Kohn, communal worker, New York City, aged 90. 29. Tobias Weinschenker, communal worker, Chicago, 111., aged 68. 29. Jacques Loeb, merchant and communal worker, Mont- gomery, Ala., aged 57. Apl. 6. William Lissner, educator, San Francisco, Calif., aged 63. 7. Mark J. Lehjnan, physician and journalist, New Orleans, La., aged 58. 8. Andrew Saks, merchant, New York City, aged 65. 8. Gustav Bacharach, president of Commonwealth Realty Company, Philadelphia, Pa., aged 44. 8. Hirsch Werner, Rabbi, Seattle, Wash. A LIST OF EVENTS IN 5672 AND NECROLOGY 127

UNITED STATES (continued) Apl. 9. Simon Suss, merchant, St. Louis, Mo., aged 61. 9. Abr. E. Dunya, Rabbi, Racine, Wis., aged 49. 12. Julius Wile, merchant, New York City, aged 73. 12. Samuel Katz, engineer, Omaha, Neb., aged 51. 12. Moses Weinman, lawyer, New York City, aged 50. 13. Henry Klein, Rabbi, New York City, aged 52. 14. Ida Straus, communal worker, New York City, victim of Titanic disaster. 14. Isidor Straus, former Congressman, communal worker, New York City, victim of Titanic disaster, aged 67. 14. Benjamin Guggenheim, financier, New York City, victim of Titanic disaster, aged 47. 14. Henry B. Harris, theatrical manager, New York City, victim of Titanic disaster. 14. Emil Brandeis, municipal worker, Omaha, Neb., victim of Titanic disaster, aged 48. 15. Adolph Bauer, Spanish-American War veteran, Mobile, Ala., aged 48. 15. Mrs. Max Landsberg, communal worker, Rochester, N. Y. 19. Abraham Kaiser, former Alderman and Assemblyman, Newark, N. J., aged 60. 26. Edgar J. Levey, former Deputy Comptroller, New York City, aged 49. 29. Harris Barnard, communal worker, New York City, aged 56. May 2. Jacob E. Friend, manufacturer and former member of Assembly, Milwaukee, Wis., at Florence, Italy, aged 55. 3. Emil L. Boas, Resident Director and General Manager Hamburg-American Line, New York City, aged 57. 4. Levi L. Rosenblatt, Rabbi, St. Louis, Mo., aged 76. 7. Gabriel L. Loewenthall, founder of Free Sons of Judah, New York City, aged 71. 10. David Rapaport, socialist writer and translator, San Francisco, Calif. 13. Joseph Ullman, Civil War veteran, Paducah, Ky., aged 74. 15. Israel Aaron, Rabbi, Buffalo, N. Y., aged 51. 15. Aaron Ullman, merchant, Peoria, 111., aged 84. 19. Joseph M. Lichtenauer, banker, New York City, aged 67. 22. Morris Horkheimer, General, Wheeling, W. Va., at Atlantic City, N. J. 26. Samuel Kohn, communal worker, Philadelphia, Pa., aged 59. 27. Hyman Ellenbogen, communal worker, merchant, Troy, N. Y., aged 55. 128 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

UNITED STATES (continued) May 31. Henry W. Myar, Confederate Army veteran, Camden, Ark., aged 71. 31. Max Katzenberg, former member Board of Education, New York City, aged 51. 31. Max Axelrood, surgeon and veteran Turkish-Russian War, Vancouver, Wash, (end). Philip Weisman, Rabbi, Dayton, O. June 1. Sender Jarmulowsky, banker, New York City, aged 74. 8. Abraham Chayim Levinson, Rabbi, Baltimore, Md., aged 60. 10. Lippmann Sachs, communal worker, San Francisco, Calif. 10. Barnard Rich, financier, San Francisco, Calif., aged 63. 11. Arthur L. Welsh, aviator, Washington, D. C, aged 31. 15. Leopold Fauerbach, Superintendent of Hebrew Shelter- ing Guardian Society 1879-1903, New York City, aged 79. 15. David Rosenblatt, communal worker and Civil War veteran, Cleveland, 0. 15. Izer Perlstein, Rabbi, Rockland, Me., aged 59. 20. Mrs. Elvira Nathan Solis, communal worker, formerly of Philadelphia, Pa., New York City, aged 86. 23. Victor Caro, Rabbi, Milwaukee, Wis., at Bad-Nauheim, Germany, aged 56. 24. Julia Richman, educator and communal worker, New York City, at Paris, France, aged 56. 24. Alfred L. Seligman, banker and musician, New York City, aged 49. 27. Seymour C. Heyman, communal worker, Oklahoma City, Okla., aged 51.

FRANCE AND COLONIES 1911 July 7. Jules Pams appointed Minister of Agriculture in new Cabinet of M. Caillaux. 14. MM. Milhaud, Brisac, and Levy-Ullmann appointed Prin- cipal Secretaries to Ministers of Commerce, Public Works, and Labor, respectively, and M. Strauss, assistant Secre- tary to Minister of War, in new Cabinet. 28. French Academy of Fine Arts awards Second Grand Prize of Rome for medal engraving to Edmond Bargas, Paris. Aug. 18. Alliance Israelite Universelle, Paris, sends ten thousand francs for benefit of sufferers by Constantinople fire. 18. Acadgmie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres awards to Captain Raymond Weill a grant of six thousand francs to continue excavations in Egypt. A LIST OP EVENTS IN 5672 AND NECROLOGY 129

FRANCE AND COLONIES (continued) Sept. 8. M. LeVy, Advocate-General at Court of Appeals in Indo- China, appointed Procureur G6n§ral and Chief of Judicial Service in French Guiana, and M. Lebhar, Councillor at Court of Appeal at Pondicherry, Judge President of Court of First Instance at Karikal. Oct. 6. M. Geismar, Chief of Squadron of French Artillery, promoted to grade of Lieutenant-Colonel, and appointed Chief of General Staff of Third Army Corps. 6. Camille Lyon, Paris, appointed Vice-President of Council of State Railways. 20. Charles Lyon-Caen, Member of Institute of France and Professor in Faculty of Law in Paris, and A. Schrameck, Director of Prisons Administration at Ministry of Justice, appointed members of Consultative Council on Legislation, recently formed by Minister. 27. Andre1 Wormser, composer, appointed member of Su- perior Council of Instruction, National Conservatory of Music and Declamation, Paris. 27. Salomon Reinach resigns as Vice-President of Alliance Israelite Universelle. Nov. 3. A. Schrameck, Director of Prisons Administration at Ministry of Justice, appointed Prefect of Department of Bouches du Rhone. 3. Georges Julien Schwob, Commissioner for French Colonies at Brussels Exhibition, promoted to grade of Com- mander of Order of Legion of Honor. Two Jews promoted officers and fifteen appointed Chevaliers of Order. 10. Sylvain Dreyfus, Engineer-in-Chief of Bridges and Roads, appointed member of Railways Consultative Com- mittee. 19. Reported that Jewish Colonization Association has purchased large tract of land near Beer-sheba in Palestine. 24. Alliance Israelite Universelle votes twenty thousand francs towards relief of Jewish communities in Russian Pale impoverished by recent fires. 24. Edouard Petit, Inspector-General of Public Instruction, elected Vice-President of General Council of French Edu- cation League. Dec. 1. French Academy of Sciences awards Montyon Prize (Statistics) to Rene1 Risser, Actuary to Ministry of Labor. 1. M. Picard, External Councillor of French Commerce in London, elected member of Consultative Committee on Posts, Telegraphs, and Telephones, in Paris. 15. Madame Salomon, Sub-Directress of College S6vign6, Paris, appointed Officer of the Academy. 130 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

FRANCE AND COLONIES (continued) Dec. 15. M. Saint-Paul, French Councillor of State, appointed member of Committee to examine reports of Ministers for 1910-1911. M. Henri Levy-Ullmann, Principal Secretary to Minister of Finance, appointed on another Government commisssion; and M. Camille Bloch, M. L6on, and M. ThSodor Reinach, on Committee to study condition of National Library. 17. Amendment to constitution of Alliance Israelite Uni- verselle adopted by Central Committee, giving it control over election of its members. Much opposition to this in German branch of the Alliance. 22. Paul Strauss, Senator, appointed President of Com- mittee to distribute appropriation to maternity charities; M. Worms de Romilly, retired Inspector-General of Mines, appointed President of Permanent Committee on Aerial Navigation. 1912 Jan. 1. Group of prominent non-Jewish writers, scientists, scholars, artists, magistrates, army and navy officers, and lawyers, sign statement denouncing ritual murder accusation in connection with Yuschinsky case in Russia. 3. Central Committee of Alliance Israelite Universelle decides to abolish German branch, Die Deutsche Kon- ferenzgemeinschaft, and henceforth the thirteen thousand Alliance members in Germany will deal directly with main office. Officers of German branch protest against legality of this action. 19. M. G. Lippmann, chemist, elected president of French Academy of Sciences for 1912. 19. Fernand Cr6mieux re-elected Senator for Gard. 19. M. L. L. Klotz retains his portfolio as Minister of Finance in new French Cabinet formed by Raymond Poincare. 19. M. Kahn appointed Consul-General at Tientsin. 19. AcadSmie des Inscriptions et Belles-Lettres appoints Thfiodor Reinach delegate to Prehistoric Archeological Congress, September, at Geneva. 26. M. Briand, Minister of Justice in new Cabinet, appoints M. Sasias his Principal Secretary. Feb. (beginning). Uprising against Jews of Lyons. Nationalists and Clericals march through streets protesting against expulsion of nuns. Jewish shops demolished and several Jews injured. 2. Ferdinand David appointed Minister of Commerce of new Cabinet. A LIST OF EVENTS IN 5672 AND NECROLOGY 131

FRANCE AND COLONIES (continued) Feb. 2. Lazare Weiller, Paris, promoted to be commander of Legion of Honor. 2. Chief Rabbi Alfred Lfivy makes formal protest to French Government against proposed expulsion of Catholic order, Little Sisters of the Poor, from the country. 2. M. Blocq appointed sub-Chief of Cabinet of French Minister of Agriculture, and M. Cremieux, Attache1 to Cabinet of Minister of Commerce. 9. Gabriel Lippmann, President French Academy of Sciences, appointed representative at celebration of two hundred and fiftieth anniversary of establishment of Royal Society in London. 9. French Senate appoints Paul Strauss and Ferdinand Dreyfus, two of four Jewish members, to be its representatives on Superior Labor Council. 9. Jewish section of League for Combating White Slave Traffic meets in Paris, and decides to distribute, among Jews in East, circulars warning them against those engaged in traffic. 16. Will of late Baron Gustave de Rothschild sets aside one million francs as Rothschild Trust for improvement of condition of working classes in Paris. Bequest to be applied to purchase of land in or near city and erection of one-family cottages. 16. Senator Edouard Millaud appointed Vice-President of French Superior Statistical Council. Senator Paul Strauss, M. Alfred Neymarck, and Rene Worms appointed members of Council. Mch. 8. French Minister of Interior awards gold medal of La Mutualite to M. Schrameck, Prefect of Department of Bouches du Rhone. 8. Senator Ferdinand Dreyfus elected President of National Society for Encouragement of Agriculture. 29. A. Cattan elected French representative to Consultative Conference of Tunis. Apl. 5. Madame Azoulay bequeaths two hundred thousand francs for laboratories for Faculty of Science at University of Algiers. 12. Campaign by Republicans and Socialists against Jewish immigrants in Paris. 17. Many Jews of Fez, Morocco, killed, wounded, and muti- lated in revolt of populace and Moorish soldiery. Jewish quarter completely ruined. Two thousand refugees flee to garden of Sultan's palace. 132 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

FRANCE AND COLONIES (continued) Apl. 19. Leopold Louis Dreyfus, Consul-General for Roumania In Paris, promoted to grade of Commander of Legion of Honor. 26. University of Athens, Greece, confers honorary degree of Doctor upon Dr. Max Nordau. May 10. Deputation of Central Committee of Alliance Israelite Universelle wait on M. Poincare\ Premier and Minister for Foreign Affairs, and request protection for Jews of Morocco. 24. M. Friedmann, Chief Rabbi of Constantine, elected Chief Rabbi of Algeria. June 7. The Jewish Colonization Association donate land now occupied by them to colonists of Argentine Republic who have been on their farms for twenty-two years and have made twelve annual payments. 7. Lieutenant Be'ne'dic appointed to General Staff of Gen- eral Lyautey, Resident General of France in Morocco. 7. President of French Republic confers grade of Officer of the Order of Public Instruction on number of Jews, among whom are Dr. Blok and Leopold Ketten. Mesdames Albala and Falcon appointed Officers of the Academy. 7. Senator Ferdinand Dreyfus appointed President, and Senator Paul Strauss, member, of French extra-Parlia- mentary Commission charged with establishment of a code for protection of children. 14. Andre" Hesse, member of Chamber of Deputies, appointed as Counsel of French Government at The Hague in connection with dispute between France and Italy over the Manouba affair. 14. Mme. Arsene Darmesteter (ne'e Helena Hartog) elected Associate of the Societe Nationale des Beaux-Arts, Paris. 16. Death of Anatole Leroy-Beaulieu, Paris, author of " Israel among the Nations " and " Anti-Semitism." 21. Joseph Reinach appointed member Superior Council of Fine Arts. 24. M. Lyon-Caen represents France at Conference on Check System, at The Hague. 25. At meeting of Union of French Rabbis, Paris, Rabbi Haguenau suggests the addition to every Ketubah of an agreement in case of a civil divorce to apply for religious divorce as well. Matter referred to a special committee for report. 28. Joseph Hal6vy, Assyriologist, Paris, receives prize of 500 francs from AcadSmie des Inscriptions et Belles- Lettres. A LIST OF EVENTS IN 5672 AND NECROLOGY 133

FRANCE AND COLONIES (continued) June 28. Baron Robert de Rothschild appointed Chevalier of Order of Agricultural Merit at Agricultural Show, Coreil. 28. Emile Leven, Vice-President of National Mutual Aid Federation, promoted Officer of Legion of Honor. Three Jews appointed Chevaliers.

NECROLOGY 1911 Sept. 22. Eugene Lattes, member of Council of Administration, Nice, aged 87. Oct. 6. Auguste Michel-L6vy, member Institute of France and Jewish Consistory of Paris, Officer Legion of Honor, Paris, aged 68. 1 23. Isaie Levaillant, civic and communal worker, Paris, aged 66. Nov. 28. Gustave de Rothschild, Baron, banker and communal worker, Paris, aged 82. 1912 Jan. 12. Manuel Leven, surgeon and philanthropist, Paris, aged 81. Feb. 23. Moi'se Mayer, communal worker and perfecter of sewing machine, Paris, aged 92. Mch. 22. Theodor L&vi-Alvares, educator, aged 91. May 24. Marc See, Professor of Faculty of Medicine and Officer of Legion of Honor, Paris. 24. Abraham Bensaude, communal worker and philanthropist, Paris, aged 75. 31. Edouard Millaud, Senator and First Advocate-General at Court of Lyons, Paris, aged 78. June 14. Madame Edouard Andrg (ne'e Nellie Jacquemart), portrait painter, Paris, aged 72. GERMANY 1911 July 7. Berlin merchants petition Imperial Chancellor, in interest of German trade, to approach other Powers to join in a common memorandum to Russian Government requesting removal of discrimination against foreign Jews desiring to visit Russia. 15. Paul Loewenthal, Frankfort-on-the-Main, appointed Con- sul to Siam. Aug. 18. James Simon, President of Hilfsverein der Deutschen Juden, gives one hundred thousand marks to Technical Institute, Haifa, Palestine. 134 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

GERMANY (continued) Aug. 25. Hilfsverein der Deutschen Juden sends second donation of thirty thousand marks for relief of Jews sustaining losses by fire in Constantinople. Sept. 1. Headquarters of Zionist Movement transferred to Berlin from Cologne. 1. Herr Wolfsthal, Judge at Ratisbon, appointed Attorney- General at Frankenthal. First Jew to hold such an office in Bavaria. 8. German Emperor confers Order of Red Eagle, Second Class, on Professor Hugo Miinsterberg, Professor of Psy- chology at Harvard University. 10. Conference of delegates of Mizrachi party, Berlin, decide to secede from Zionist organization. 15. Municipality of Posen confers honorary citizenship on Commercial Privy Councillor Michael Herz, President of Chamber of Commerce. 15. Minister of Education, Berlin, issues instructions that Jewish children who attend Christian elementary schools shall, on application of their parents or guardians, be exempted from attendance on Sabbaths and festivals. 15. Police at Munich expel number of Jewish families, originally from Russia and Galicia, on charge of un- licensed peddling. 22. Special committee drafts new set of laws for government of Jewish community in Frankfort. Most important innovation is law making women who pay communal tax and wives of tax-payers eligible for election to Council. 22. German Emperor confers Order of Red Eagle, Third Class, on Dr. Albert Mosse. 29. Council of community, Berlin, votes five thousand marks toward relief of sufferers by recent fire at Constantinople. 30. Group of local Jewish students, Berlin, visit Turkish Ambassador and volunteer for Turkish Army. Local Zionist doctors consider advisability of organizing Jewish Sanitary Corps for Turkish field forces. Oct. 13. Municipal Council, Breslau, presided over, for twenty- five years, by Wilhelm Freund, marks occasion of his eightieth birthday anniversary by voting from city's funds sum of fifty thousand marks to form trust to bear his name and to be used as he determines. 13. Rabbi Dr. Guttmann, Breslau, receives title of Professor from Prussian Government. 27. Hugo Haase elected leader of German Socialist party. 27. Rabbi Dr. Eppenstein, Briesen, West Prussia, appointed to succeed Professor Dr. A. Berliner at Rabbinical Semi- nary in Berlin. A LIST OF EVENTS IN 5672 AND NECROLOGY 135

GERMANY (continued) Nov. 5. Zionist Greater Actions Committee, Berlin, resolves that all activity shall be concentrated upon acquisition of estates by private persons in Palestine and increased support of Palestine Land Development Company. Available material respecting possibilities of immigration to Pales- tine ordered compiled. 5. Verband der Deutschen Juden, at annual meeting, Ber- lin, protests anew against unconstitutional restriction put by authorities on civil rights of Jews; against discrimination against Jewish officials in municipal service and at universities; and exclusion of Jews as officers on active service and of the reserve; against worse treatment of foreign Jews than other foreigners with respect to right of sojourn and naturalization. 6. Die Deutsche Konferenzgemeinschaft, German branch of Alliance Israelite Universelle, protests against attempt to abolish general suffrage in Alliance and replace it by cooptation, and demands that proper steps be taken to secure an effective control of conduct of affairs of Alliance. 10. Dr. Levy, National Liberal, elected member for Hohen- salza in Prussian Parliament. 10. S. Frankfurter, Government Councillor, appointed Vice- Director, and Dr. Holzmann, Librarian, of Berlin Uni- versity Library. 17. Adolphe Ury, Chief Rabbi of Strasburg, elected representative to Upper House of Parliament, under new constitution of Alsace and Lorraine. 20. Famous Jewish cemetery at Worms, used since eleventh century, closed. New cemetery on Hochheimer Hohe, constructed by the municipality, consecrated in presence of civic authorities. 24. Parliament petitioned to restore prohibition against Shehitah in Saxony by Dresden Society for Protection of Animals. Dec. 1. Munich Lodge of Independent Order B'nai B'rith decides to place permanently in Jewish Museum, Vienna, its exhibit at International Hygienic Exhibition in Dresden. 2. Committee of German Merchants, Berlin, demand that Jewish commercial travellers be freely admitted to Russia. Resolve to interpellate Government and to insist that Russia recognize German passport without distinction of race or creed. 8. Grand Duke of Hesse-Darmstadt elevates Commercial Councillor Dr. Franz Bamberger, of Mayence, President of Hessian Chamber of Commerce, to Upper House of Diet. 136 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

GERMANY (continued) Dec. 15. On initiative of Council of Jewish Community in Berlin a commemorative tablet affixed to facade of house in which Leopold Zunz resided for twenty-six years. 15. Hilfsrerein der Deutschen Juden for the first time invites a woman, in person of Frau May, of Berlin, to be a member of its Central Committee. 20. Jewish Community of Frankfort-on-the Main celebrates one hundredth anniversary of conferment of civil rights upon Jews. 23. Minister of Commerce, Berlin, notifies Senior Merchants' Guild that Russia is relaxing her vigorous treatment of German Jews. Governor of Kieff issues decree that Ger- man Jews travelling on business will be allowed to reside in any quarter of city. 1912 Jan. 5. Municipality of Strehlen confers title of honorary citizen on Professor Ehrlich, Frankfort. 5. Budget of province of Alsace-Lorraine provides for subsidy of 200,360 marks to Jewish communities, for increasing the salaries of three Chief Rabbis, thirty Congrega- tional Rabbis, and sixty-six officiating Ministers. 5. Francis Oppenheimer, Frankfort, appointed Secretary of Legation in Diplomatic Service, and assigned as commercial Secretary at The Hague. 5. Dr. Klee, prominent Zionist, declines Liberal nomination for Reichstag for Third Division of Berlin. 12. Eduard Bernstein, Socialist, elected to Reichstag, as member for West Breslau, upon first ballot. 19. King of Italy confers Grand Cross of Order of Italian Crown on Commercial Privy Councillor Goldberger, Berlin. 26. Israel I. Kahan, Munich, appointed to chair of Neo- Hebrew, Aramaic, and Talmudic literatures recently established at University of Leipzig. Feb. (beginning). German local committee of Alliance Israelite formed. Resolution adopted expressing " unrestricted confidence in executive of Die Konferenzgemeinschaft." 2. Announcement made that Professor Paul Ehrlich, Frankfort, discovers cancer cure in experiments upon mice. Professor Ehrlich insists that specific is not yet to be used on human beings. 2 Five hundred thousand marks for benefit of poor be- queathed to City Council of Stuttgart by late Commercial Councillor Alexander von Pflaum. 2. Consul-General Franz Philippson, Brussels, endows a Philippson Chair at Institute for Science of Judaism, at Berlin, in memory of his father, Dr. Ludwig Philippson. A LIST OF EVENTS IN 5672 AND NECROLOGY 137

GERMANY (.continued) Feb. 9. Academy of Fine Arts elects Berlin painter Max Lieber- mann a corresponding member. 9. A number of Jews, residing in various parts of Germany, included in honor list in connection with recent Ordensf est. 9. Commercial Councillor Bamberger, Berlin, appointed Officer and Councillor of Health. Dr. Herzberg, of Berlin, appointed Commander of Belgian Order of Leopold. 16. Dr. Lydia Rabinowitsch-Kempner, Berlin, coadjutor to Dr. Robert Koch and Dr. Orth, receives title of Professor from Emperor. 23. Grand Duke of Saxe confers on Ludwig Barnay Com- mander's Cross of White Falcon, on occasion of his seventieth birthday. Mch. 8. The Frankfurter Zeitung publishes article by a non-Jew, Professor Friedrich Schwally, of Giessen, on the Falashas in Abyssinia. He quotes from Christian missionary organs to prove failure of efforts at their conversion. 11. Centenary of Prussia's emancipation of Jews celebrated. 15. Of five recipients of an award of one thousand crowns each made by the Eduard von Bauernfeld foundation for authors of best current German plays, four are Jews: Dr. Friedrich Adler, Felix Salten, Siegfried Trebitsch, and Jacob Wassermann. 16. Arno Kuhn, Mannheim, appointed Consul for Republic of Columbia in Grand Duchy of Baden. 22. Anti-Semitic articles in Conservative press respecting celebration of centenary of Jewish emancipation in Prussia. 23. Prominent non-Jewish Germans, Austrians, and Danes sign statement denouncing ritual murder accusation in connection with Yuschinsky case in Russia. 29. Max Liebermann, professor and painter, receives from University of Berlin honorary degree of Doctor of Phi- losophy. Apl. (beginning). Central Committee of Alliance Israelite Uni- verselle for Germany constituted at Berlin. 5. Dr. Harburger, Professor at University of Munich and Councillor at Court of Appeal, appointed President of Senate of Supreme Court. 12. Max Liebermann, University of Berlin, elected Senator of the Academy. 21. Report in New York Times that Hilfsverein der Deut- schen Juden is taking steps to divert Russian immigrants to Ottoman Empire. 138 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

GERMANY (continued) May 3. Hilfsverein der Deutschen Juden, Berlin, sends four thousand dollars for relief of sufferers at Fez, Morocco. 8. Congress of Orthodox Jews at Cologne to organize All- World Society to protect interests of Orthodox Judaism; leader, Rabbi Cohen, of Basle, Switzerland. 10. Circular advocating creation of International Union, Agudath Israel, inviting orthodox communities to send representatives to private conference at Kattowitz, May 27, issued at Berlin by Dr. Breuer, Frankfort; Dr. Feil- chenfeld, Posen; Isaac Halevy, Hamburg; Dr. Hoffmann, Rector of Berlin Rabbinical Seminary, and others. 10. Emperor confers Order of Crown, Third Class, on Pro- fessor Dr. Sulzbach. 10. Aaron Hirsch, Halberstadt, offers prize of twenty thousand marks for plan and model of motor life-boat to be seaworthy at least twenty-four hours and launchable in half a minute. 10. Moses Hoffman, Berlin, elected Chief Rabbi of province of Emden. 24. Executive of the International Hygienic Exhibition held last year at Dresden confers on Max Grunwald, Vienna, Austria, honorary diploma for scientific cooperation in historical section. June 7. New anti-Semitic party founded in Leipzig. Members must agree never to intermarry with Jewish people. 7. Emperor confers Red Eagle Order on Privy Councillor Boas and Adolph Salomon. 14. Report that Government offers to place Hebrew gymnasium in Jaffa, Palestine, on equality with German State Gymnasia if more German is taught under direction of a certified German teacher. 14. Movement by Union of German Students to " purge " Prussian Universities of " foreign " elements, especially in Koenigsberg and Dantzig. Leaders demand restrictions upon admission of Jews by discriminatory fees. 14. Moses Mendelssohn Chair to be established at Institute for Jewish Science, Berlin. 14. King of Saxony confers title of Professor on Dr. Winter, Rabbi of Dresden Community. 14. Council of Jewish Community, Berlin, refers to Special Committee proposal to abolish separation of sexes In two synagogues, in course of construction. 18. Celebration of centenary of Gottlieb Gluge, physiologist, Brakel, Westphalia. A LIST OF EVENTS IN 5672 AND NECROLOGY 139

GERMANY (continued) June 21. Movement in Frankfort-on-the-Main for erection of statue of Heine results in anti-Jewish disorders and mass meeting of protest. 21. Celebration of centenary of Moses Hess, philosopher and Zionist, Bonn. 21. Baron von Hertling, Bavarian Premier, complains in House that discord among Jews makes it impossible for Government to introduce bill for regulation of Community as soon as promised. 28. Herr Abromowitch acts as postman in first postal service by aeroplane between Mannheim and Heidelberg. 28. Movement to prevent admission of Russo-Jewish students to Munich University caused by friendly attitude of Jewish students toward Professor Brentano, a Socialist, who is unpopular among Catholic and conservative students. 29. Hans Hertwig, editor-in-chief, Staatsbiirger Zeitung, Berlin, sentenced to week's imprisonment, for publishing attacks against Jewish religion.

NECEOLOGT 1911 July 14. Hermann Senator, Privy Medical Counsellor, Berlin, aged 77. Aug. 4. Heineman Vogelstein, Rabbi-historian, Stettin, at St. Moritz, Switzerland, aged 70. Sept. 22. Wilhelm Langenbach, Commercial Councillor, Darm- stadt, aged 70. Oct. 20. Dr. Pollack, Privy Judicial Councillor, Berlin, aged 67. 27. Heinrich Merzbach, Commercial Councillor, Offenbach, aged 71. 31. Salomon Fuld, member Comite Central of Alliance Israelite Universelle, Frankfort-on-the-Main. Nov. 10. Jacob Hamburger, Chief Rabbi, Mecklenburg-Strelitz, aged 8~5. 10. Max Jaffe\ Medical Privy Councillor, Konigsberg. 12. Bernhard Frankel, throat specialist, Berlin, aged 77. 24. Georg Arnstadt, Privy Councillor, Chairman of Super- visory Council of Bank of Dresden and Consul-General for Italy in Dresden, at Berlin. Dec. 8. Dr. Marcus, Mayor, Bremen, at Weisser-Hirsch. 15. Martin Kallmann, Electrician to City of Berlin. 22. Henri Cahn-Dreyfus, communal worker, Strasburg. 29. Abraham Strauss, Talmudist, Alzenau, aged 70. 140 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

GERMANY (continued) 1912 Jan. 5. Alexander von Pflaum, Privy Councillor, Berlin. 19. B. Friedmann, communal worker, Berlin, aged 90. 19. J. Ollendorf, Judge, Breslau. 19. Max Loeb, Judge, Mayence. 19. Josef Hess, President of Jewish Community, Birstein. Feb. 2. Louis Sklover, Judge, Tilsit, East Prussia, aged 49. 2. Julius Pagel, scientist, Berlin, aged 61. 16. Max Rosenberg, philanthropist, Posen. 16. Naphtali Samson, philanthropist, Hamburg, aged 86. 17. Salomon Lefmann, Professor of Sanscrit at University of Heidelberg, aged 80. 20. Wilhelm Klempere, Rabbi, Berlin. (end). Hugo Lubliner, playwright, Berlin, aged 66. (end). Moritz Jastrowitz, scientist, Berlin, aged 73. (end). Jacob Driessen, Director of Landstift and Secretary of Oberrat of Grand Duchy of Baden, Karlsruhe, (end). Edmund Singer, violinist, Stuttgart, aged 81. Mar. 10. Leon Lewisohn, merchant, Berlin, aged 62. 15. Dr. Sigismund, physician and writer, Berlin, aged 45. 15. Jacob Markuse, educator, Berlin, aged 82. 15. Nathan Levy, soldier of Schleswig-Holstein war 1848, Segeberg, aged 86. May 16. Samuel Back, Rabbi, Lissa, Silesia, aged 79. 17. Benno Jacobson, author and critic, Berlin. 17. Emil Jacob, commercial Privy Councillor, Berlin, aged 67. 26. Martin Peltaroth, member Prussian Landtag. 31. Amalie Levy, nurse in Prussian wars of 1864, 1866, and 1870-71, Frankfort-on-the-Main, aged 77.

GREAT BRITAIN AND COLONIES 1911 July (beginning). At mass meeting, Hull, resolution adopted requesting Government to withdraw Sunday closing clause of Shop Hours Bill. Resolution signed by seventy shopkeepers, traders, and sympathizers, and forwarded to Alderman H. Feldman, M. P., local representative of Board of Deputies. 2. Jewish Board of Guardians, Sheffield, adopt resolution protesting against Sunday closing clause of Shop Hours Bill. Copies of resolution forwarded to Home Secretary Churchill and local members of Parliament. 5. Sir Rufus Isaacs, K. C, M. P., sworn in as member of the Privy Council. A LIST OF EVENTS IN 5672 AND NECROLOGY 141

GREAT BRITAIN AND COLONIES (continued) July 7. P. Blashki, J. P., Melbourne, appointed Justice of the Peace for all the bailiwicks of Victoria. 7. Home Secretary, on behalf of Government, drafts number of new clauses to Shop Hours Bill to meet objections to it. 10. Mass meeting protesting against Sunday clause of Shop Hours Bill, attended by D. L. Alexander, K. C, Lionel de Rothschild, M. P., Stuart M. Samuel, M. P., Hon. Harry Lawson, M. P., Leopold de Rothschild, and others. Grand Committee in House of Commons adopts Mr. Churchill's new clause defining exempted areas in London. 11. Second reading of Slaughter of Animals Bill passed. Board of Deputies and Shehitah Board lay Jewish aspect Of question before authors of the Bill. 11. London Times publishes despatch from Vienna correspondent charging Jews with influencing Salonica Com- mittee and harsh measures against Albanians; strong protest from the Haham Dr. Gaster. 14. Swaythling Silver loaned to the nation. 17. Resolution adopted by Glasgow Jewish Shopkeepers protesting against Sunday clauses of Shop Hours Bill. Copy of resolution to be forwarded to Home Secretary, the Glasgow Members for Parliament, and President of Board of Deputies for British Jews. 20. Sunday closing clauses of Shop Hours Bill further amended in Committee by Home Secretary. 21. Julius Berend Cohen, Professor Organic Chemistry Uni- versity of Leeds, elected Fellow of the Royal Society, London. 26. Memorial service at Great Synagogue, London, for late Chief Rabbi. 28. Sir Matthew Nathan, London, appointed Chairman of Board of Inland Revenue. 29. The Jewish question discussed at the International Races Congress. Aug. 2. Alderman Henry Hart completes his jubilee of service on the Canterbury Council. 4. Disturbances in Montreal as result of activity of con- versionists. 4. Rev. 1.1. Mattuck elected first minister of Liberal Jewish Synagogue. 8. The Haham Dr. Gaster writes letter to Board of Deputies, protesting against form of amendment introduced into Slaughter of Animals Bill at instance of Board. .142 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

GREAT BRITAIN AND COLONIES (.continued) Aug. 18. University of Birmingham confers Honorary Degree of D. C. L. on Professor Dr. Hermann Oppenheim. 19. Violent attack on Jews in South Wales. Large number of Jews ruined and some forced to leave district. Riots assume such proportions as to compel reading of Riot Act and use of militia. 25. Sir Philip Magnus, M. P., resigns Presidency of Berkeley Street Synagogue. 25. S. Salaman, Lieutenant-Colonel, Kimberley, South Africa, promoted commanding officer of Kimberley Regi- ment. 25. Hebrew National Society, Montreal, formed for purpose of frustrating conversionist activity. 29. Meeting convened by chairman, of Tredegar (South Wales) District Council adopts resolution protesting against " disgraceful rioting and looting" in attack on Jews in South Wales. Sept. 1. University of St. Andrews at celebration of five hundredth anniversary confers honorary degree of LL. D. on Dr. Georg Brandes, Professor of Literature at University of Copenhagen, and on Professor Raphael Meldola, Profes- sor of Chemistry at Finsbury Technical College (City of London Institute). 2. Henry E. Davis, Alderman, re-elected Mayor, Gravesend. 8. F. C. Hollander, J. P., re-elected Mayor of Durban. 8. Cornerstone of first synagogue in Alberta, Canada, laid. 11. Bethnal Green Board of Guardians, London, reject bid of Jewish contractors. Action reversed at meeting Sept. 19, but contractors decline to accept award. 17. Foundation stone of Yiddish theatre laid. 22. Bertram Jacobs appointed Lecturer on Law at Uni- versity College, South Wales. 29. Henry F. Barnet elected Municipal Council, St. Kilda, Melbourne. 29. Joe Cohen elected first Jewish member of Leeds Board of Guardians. Oct. 2. East End Guardians, London, pass resolution that " no child of Christian faith is to be sent to service with persons of Jewish Religion." 4. Stepney Borough Council, London, adopts resolution urging Government to pass further measures regulating alien immigration. 4. Home Secretary Churchill expresses willingness to omit Sunday-closing clauses from Shop Hours Bill. 13. Clarence I. de Sola, Montreal, appointed Belgian consul by King of Belgium. A LIST OF EVENTS IN 5672 AND NECROLOGY 143

GREAT BRITAIN AND COLONIES (.continued) Oct. 13. Telegrams received in London from Malta, Gabes, and Djerba, appealing for help for many thousands of Jewish refugees from Tripoli. 16. Shehitah Board and Spanish and Portuguese Congre- gation protest against action of Board of Deputies on Slaughter of Animals Bill giving authority to grant a certificate to a Shohet. 18. Site of New Synagogue put up at auction and withdrawn. 20. Home Secretary declines to reduce sentences In connection with anti-Jewish riots in Wales. 22. Board of Deputies in response to objections from Haham Dr. Gaster and others revise action with respect to authority for control of Shehitah as provided in Slaughter of Animals Bill. 27. Samuel Morris, Doncaster, elected member of Town Council. 27. Beth Din, Manchester, Shehitah Board, adopts resolution protesting against amendment proposed by Board of Deputies to Animals Slaughter Bill. 28. Jewish deputation on the Insurance Bill received by Chancellor of the Exchequer. Nov. 8. Lord Rothschild celebrates his seventy-first birthday. 10. Frank I. Cohen, Glasgow, Scotland, re-elected on Town Council. 10. Frederick M. Davis appointed by British Board of Agri- culture and Fisheries as assistant naturalist in connection with International Fisheries Investigation. 10. G. Goldston, Stockton, elected member of Town Council. 10. A. H. Jessel, K. C, elected a Bencher of Lincoln's Inn. 10. Myer Fredman, J. P., Alderman, elected Mayor of Devon- port by Town Council. 17. The King, on recommendation of Home Secretary, appoints Israel A. Symmons, London, a metropolitan Police Magistrate. 17. Movement among largest employers, Sydney, Australia, to close all workshops and business houses on Saturdays supported by Jewish community. 17. Synagogues contributing to Chief Rabbi's Fund invited to send delegates to a Conference on the Chief Rabbinate. 17. Seventieth anniversary of London Jewish Chronicle. 19. Vote of censure for President of Board of Deputies defeated at meeting. D. L. Alexander upholds action of Board in regard to recent South Wales riots. 10 144 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

GREAT BRITAIN AND COLONIES (continued) Nov. 24. Member of Monmouthshire Standing Joint Committee, at meeting, strongly criticises attitude of police in recent riots in Tredegar, Wales. 24. Lazarus Klein, Farm Bellevue, elected member of Divisional Council in Cape Province, South Africa, for district of Tulbagh. 25. Replying to inquiries of Mr. O'Grady, Member of Parlia- ment, Sir Edward Grey, Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs, states that Government is aware of discrimination against English Jews practised by Russian Government in matter of passports; that no agreement countenancing such discrimination exists between Great Britain and Russia; and that so long as " the Russian regulations respecting persons of the Jewish faith are applied to all persons alike, irrespective of nationality, which His Majesty's Government have reason to believe to be the case, they have no treaty grounds for protest. It is not practical to ask for special exceptions to be made in favor of one particular profession." 25. North Manchester United Synagogue adopts resolutions regretting that invitations to forthcoming conference on Chief Rabbinate have been withheld from a number of congregations, and declaring that no Chief Rabbi will be recognized as spiritual head of British Jewry who has not been chosen by votes of representatives of all orthodox Hebrew congregations of Great Britain and Ireland. Dec. 1. Peter Bercovitch, Montreal, Can., appointed King's Consul. 1. Strong protest at meeting of Baron de Hirsch Institute in Montreal against forcible teaching of Christian Script- ures in schools largely attended by Jewish children. 3. Meeting Tabor Hall, Calgary, Canada, to protest against religious education in public schools. 7. Jewish slaughter methods attacked at London meeting, convened for purpose of urging establishment of public abattoirs. 7. Honorary degree of LL. D. conferred by Cambridge University on Lord Rothschild. 7. Arthur M. Myers, member for Auckland City, East New Zealand, re-elected. 8. Lionel Abrahams, C. B., of India Office, appointed member of Committee on West African Currency by Secretary of State for Colonies. 15. Directorate of International Hygiene Exhibition, Dres- den, awards Dr. Myer Coplans, Demonstrator in Public A LIST OF EVENTS IN 5672 AND NECROLOGY 145

GREAT BRITAIN AND COLONIES (.continued) Health and Bacteriology in University of Leeds, diploma of honor, in recognition of his scientific research and services in advancement of medical science. Dec. 15. The King, in commemoration of his coronation, confers baronetcy on Sir Jacob David Sassoon, and appoints Robert Nathan, C. I. E., Companion of the Order of Star of India. 22. Council of University, Cape Town, confirms resolution to include Hebrew among optional subjects in syllabus for matriculation. 22. Board of Deputies, London, decides to petition for abolition of writing and reading tests in connection with naturalization of aliens. 22. The Russian passport question considered at meeting of Conjoint Committee of Board and Anglo-Jewish Associa- tion, London. Memorandum on subject being prepared. 22. Dr. Charles Waldstein, Cambridge University, resigns Slade Professorship of Fine Arts. 23. London Outlook prints anti-Jewish editorial upon Jewish power in United States and in Russia. 29. Award of Order of Mercy to Mrs. Leopold de Rothschild, Miss N. Stettauer, and Mrs. Michael. 1912 Jan. 1. S. Newman, London, and Geo. Albo and Lionel Phillips, of South Africa, baronetted by King. 5. Edward Beit von Speyer appointed Consul-General, Frankfort. 5. Cablegram to New York American from London reports that leaders of Anglo-Jewish community decide to begin movement against Russia's discrimination against British Jews. Joint Committee formed by Anglo-Jewish Asso- ciation and Board of Deputies. 7. General meeting of seatholders, Berkeley Street Syna- gogue, London, adopts, by small majority, recommendations of its council for introduction of English in festival services; English already used in Sabbath service. 9. Dr. Gaster makes effective reply in London Times to violent attack by Rev. J. Basil Rust, in same paper, on East End Jews. 12. Emperor of Germany bestows Order of Red Eagle on Emil Moser, Bradford, England. 12. Council of London Chamber of Commerce, presided over by Lord Desborough, adopts resolution to make representations to Foreign Office as to regulations imposed upon Jewish commercial travellers in Russia, and to urge joint action by all countries concerned. 146 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

GREAT BRITAIN AND COLONIES (continued) Jan. 14. Conference of Delegates, London, for election of Chief Rabbi of England. 31. Federation of Synagogues secedes from conference of United Synagogue because voting powers are based on subscriptions to Chief Rabbi's Fund. Feb. 2. Joseph Notrica, banker, Island of Rhodes, announces that he will defray cost of building school for Jewish girls. 4. Meeting of sub-committee, London, appointed by recent conference on Chief Rabbinate adopts resolution regretting action of Federation in seceding from Conference. 7. Jewish Board of Deputies of Transvaal and Natal oppose new language test in proposed Aliens Bill. Meeting at Johannesburg protests against bill desiring recognition of Yiddish as a language. 16. Abraham Blumenthal, Montreal, Can., elected Alderman to Montreal City Council. First Jewish alderman elected. 16. Samuel Daiches, lecturer at Jews' College, London, admitted as member of Faculty of Arts, at meeting of Senate of University of London. 16. Bunin Menahem Messa, Aden, appointed member Royal Victorian Order, Fourth Class. 23. Degree of LL. D. conferred by London University on Dayan Moses Hyamson, " an external student." 29. Letter in London Times, signed by D. L. Alexander, K. C, and Claude Monteflore on behalf of Conjoint Com- mittee of Board of Deputies and Anglo-Jewish Association, strongly protests against treatment accorded British Jews by Russia in matter of passports. 29. Osmond Elim d'Avigdor Goldsmid, Somerhill, Tonbridge, appointed Sheriff of Kent by the King. 29. Canadian Parliament adopts bill deciding to " nation- alize " Queen's College of Kingston. Measure provides that administration and faculty be distinctly Christian, thus preventing a Jew from holding any office or chair of learning. Mch. 1. In response to petition, Canadian Minister of Customs decides to remit prevailing duty on Matzot. 1. Twenty-two trade unions, political organizations, and educational bodies, London, form Russian Atrocities Pro- test Agitation Conference. 1. Raphael Meldola elected President of Institute of Chemistry of Great Britain and Ireland. 4. Murderous attack on life of Leopold de Rothschild, Lon- don, fails. A LIST OF EVENTS IN 5672 AND NECROLOGY 147

GREAT BRITAIN AND COLONIES (.continued) Mch. 8. Deputation including Lyon Cohen, Alderman Blumen- thai, Rabbi Jacobs, and Max "Wolfe appear before Legisla- tion Committee of Dominion House of Parliament to protest against clause in proposed charter of Queen's Col- lege, Kingston, Ont, prohibiting employment of non- Christians in faculty. 14. Jewish memorial to late King Edward unveiled at Stepney, London, by Hon. Charles Rothschild. 15. Despite protests of Jewish communities, Canada, bill for amendment of charter of Queen's College, Kingston, barring Jews from faculty, passes the Legislation Committee of Dominion House of Commons unamended. H. B. Ames, M. P., promises to fight bill when it comes up in House. 16. Friedlaender Lectureship established in Jews' College, London, in memory of Professor Michael Friedlaender. 22. French population of Revieer, Province of Quebec, elect Horace Hyman Mayor. 24. Bill for " nationalization " of Queen's College, Kingston, Ont., modified so as to permit employment on faculty of men of " Christian character." 29. Under auspices of Russian Atrocities Protest Confer- ence meeting held, London, to protest against Russian atrocites. Apl. 12. King George V appoints Lord Michelham Knight Com- mander of Royal Victorian Order. 15. London Times announces discovery of papyrus volume containing text of greater part of Book of Deuteronomy, whole of Jonah, and nearly all the Acts of the Apostles. 19. Louis Infeld, Cambridge, appointed on first division staff of National Health Insurance Commission, England. 22. Nancy Isaacs, Melbourne, Australia, appointed Judge of Supreme Court, Melbourne. 22. Meeting of East End Jewish shopkeepers, London, passes resolution petitioning local Borough Council to grant Jewish East End traders exemption under the Shops Act. 26. Arthur Myers, Auckland, receives the portfolios of Finance, Defence, and Railways, in the New Zealand Cabinet. May 6. Archbishops of Canterbury and York and Bishops of London, Winchester, Bath, and Wells, Birmingham, Car- lisle, Chester, Exeter, Gloucester, Hereford, Lichfield, Liverpool, Manchester, Oxford, Rochester, St. Albans, Stepney, Wakefield, and Worcester, Cardinal Bourne, Car- dinal of Ireland, Dukes of Norfolk, Northumberland, Lord Roseberry, Lord Roberts, Lord Cromer, Lord Milner, Arthur James Balfour, Speaker of the House of Commons, 148 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

GREAT BRITAIN AND COLONIES (continued) Lord Mayor of London, and many other prominent states- men, clergymen, scientists, and literary men, sign protest against attempt made in Kieff to raise ritual murder charge in connection with Yuschinsky case. May 8. Baron Heyking, Russian Consul-General, London, publishes letter in Times protesting against British denunciation of charge of ritual murder in Russia. 9. Cablegram from London, to Jewish Daily News, New York, reports that ITO has decided to consider offer of Portugal to establish Jewish colony in its West African possession, Angola. 12. Decision rendered at meeting of Shehitah Board, Leeds, that Jewish butchers may no longer slaughter for non- Jewish trade by any other than Jewish method. 13. Formal declaration of vacancy of office of Chief Rabbi of England made with invitation of applications. Resolu- tions of Rabbinate conference reproduced in extenso confirmed at meeting of Council of United Synagogue. 13-14. Exhibit, London, of work of pupils of Bezalel School of Arts and Crafts and the Evelina de Rothschild School, Jerusalem. 19. Alterations in ritual at New West End Synagogue, Lon- don, agreed to at meeting of seatholders. 30. At special meeting Federation of Synagogues unanimously declines to take part with United Synagogue in election of Chief Rabbi. 31. Baron de Worms and M. H. Spielmann elected members of Council of Royal Society of Literature. 31. Professor Israel Gollancz elected Secretary of Interna- tional Historical Congress to be held at London, 1913. June (beginning). Cape (South Africa) University Council announces inclusion of Hebrew as optional subject for Matriculation Examination. 2. Board of Deputies decides to endeavor to have Shops Act, 1912, amended so that Jews who close on Saturdays and Jewish holidays, and are unable or unwilling to trade on Sunday, may obtain relief from closing on a further half-day in each week. 11. Sir Rufus Isaacs, Attorney-General, London, made a member of the Cabinet. 11. Sir Edward Grey, in reply to Dr. Addison, M. P., states he does not expect any concession by Russian Government in matter of passport discrimination against British Jews. 11. Sir Philip Sassoon, Bart., elected Unionist Member of Parliament for the Hythe Boroughs, to succeed his father, the late Sir Edward Sassoon. A LIST OF EVENTS IN 5672 AND NECROLOGY 149

GREAT BRITAIN AND COLONIES (continued) June 12. Sir Edward Grey, Foreign Secretary, in a letter states that he expects to receive a memorial respecting the right of British Jews to visit Russia, which will receive attentive consideration. But under article 1 of Treaty of 1859 he fears little can be accomplished, unless it can be shown that British subjects are treated less favorably than Jews of other countries. 14. David Landauer, London, ennobled and awarded, by King of Wurtemberg, Cross of Honor of the Crown of Wiirtemberg. 14. King of Sweden confers Knighthood of First Class of the Royal Order of Wasa, on Edwin O. Sachs, London. 14. Charles Waldstein, archeologist, Cambridge, England, born in New York, knighted in honor of birthday of King George V. Dr. Marc Aurel Stein made knight of Order of the Indian Empire. 14. Stuart M. Samuel, M. P., made baronet in honor of birthday of King George V. 16. Meyer Jung formally inducted in office as Chief Minister of Federation of Synagogues. 23. Chief Rabbinate Selection Committee of the United Synagogue recommends names of Dr. "J. H. Hertz (New York) and Dr. M. Hyamson (London), and also Dr. Ber- nard Drachman (New York), if he agrees to submit his name, as candidates.

NECROLOGY 1911 July 18. Herman Adler, Chief Rabbi of England, London, aged 72. Aug 28. Marcus Hast, Hazan and musical composer, London, aged 71. Sept. 1. Saltiel D. Nathan, communal worker, Perth, Western Australia. 22. Henry Nathan, communal worker, London, aged 56. 23. Solomon David Schloss, communal worker, Eastbourne, aged 97. 26. Jacques Fontyn, first Jewish Postmaster, London, aged 76. Oct. 3. George Sonnenthal, volunteer Russian Army, Wolding- ham, Surrey, aged 62. 5. Percy M. C. Hart, communal worker, London, aged 31. 13. Sigmund Fischel, communal worker, Montreal, Canada. Nov. 27. Joshua Binion, Civil Engineer, Johannesburg, South Africa, aged 40. 150 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

GREAT BRITAIN AND COLONIES (.continued) Dec. 1. Jacob Morris, Rabbi, Durham, aged 75. 5. Leopold Seligman, banker, London, aged 80. 7. Sir George Lewis, Bart., C. V. O., lawyer, London, aged 78. 26. Alfred Wolff, physician and communal worker, Birming- ham, aged 58. 1912 Jan. 9. Rachel Adler, widow of the Chief Rabbi, London, aged 74. 11. Maurice Isaac Maisden, communal worker, Bourne- mouth. 12. Henry Emanuel Cohen, Judge Supreme Court, New South Wales, Australia, aged 71. 12. Myer Davis, communal worker and historian, London, aged 82. 18. Hyam Moses Joseph, former Mayor and Deputy Sheriff, Monaro, New South Wales, aged 77. Feb. 12. Lord Wandsworth (Sidney Stern), banker, London, aged 67. 19. Mrs. Esther Keyser, communal worker, London, aged 94.. 23. Lady Benjamin, communal worker, Melbourne, Aus- tralia, aged 73. 27. William George Raphael, banker, London, aged 47. 29. A. J. W. Samuel, communal worker, Liverpool, aged 57. Mch. 1. Lewis Saunders, Justice of Peace in State of Victoria and Consul-General for Liberia, East Melbourne. 4. Albert Altman, member City Corporation, Liverpool, aged 73. 13. Arthur Sassoon, Commander of Victorian Order, London, aged 72. Apl. 5. Abraham Hoffnung, merchant and Charge1 d'Affaires, Hawaii, at Holyport, aged 80. 25. Isaac Genese, communal worker, London, aged 73. 28. Albert Samuel, communal worker, London, aged 60. May 4. Isaac Samuel Jawlikar, Subedar Sardar Major Bahadur, Thana (near Bombay), aged 92. 21. Julius Charles Wernher, de Beers diamond syndicate, London. 24. Daniel Lancia, communal worker, Belfast. 26. Sir Edward Sassoon, philanthropist, London, aged 56. 28. Simon Jacob, oldest Freemason in England, London, aged 100. 28. M. A. Epstein, Rabbi, Brondesbury, aged 66. 31. Benjamin Tarshish, communal worker, Manchester, aged 66. A LIST OF EVENTS IN 5672 AND NECROLOGY 151

RUSSIA 1911 July 7. Jews of Almazny petition Czar against lawlessness of his subordinates. At Nikolaieff, protest organized with view to preserving right of residence of twenty-seven thousand Jews living there. Municipality, lawyers, financiers, and nobility oppose expulsions because of withdrawal of Jewish deposits from banks and credit institutions, and injury to standing of district. 7. Revision of percentage norm of students to be admitted this year to educational institutions will result in total exclusion of Jews in many cases and admit only insignificant number in others. 7. At Viatka, Governor expels all Jewish students attending local educational institutions whose parents live elsewhere; law permits students to reside in educational centres. 7. Police interrupt activities of Jewish literary societies. Warsaw organization raided, and forty-five members arrested for unknown reasons. Houses of members of Berditcheff society searched. 7. Reported that sixty-seven converted Jews returned to old faith in 1909, making total of four hundred and seventy-six, according to official statistics, since publication of the Freedom of Conscience Manifesto, 1905. 14. M. Stolypin enters into agreement with all well-known anti-Semitic heads of churches and monasteries, with view to enlisting their support against all pro-Jewish condidates at general election. 14. Governor of Petrokoff (on Polish frontier) instructed to prevent entry of all foreign Jews without special permit. 14. Moscow Municipality at demand of anti-Jewish agitators refers to Veterinary Commission question whether Jewish method of Shehitah is sufficiently humane to be allowed. 14. As result of Ministerial order prohibiting Jews from using Russian first names, General Tolmatcheff institutes trials against prominent Jews. 21. Russians arrested in connection with murder of Yu- schinsky, alleged victim of ritual murder. 21. Timber Exchange, Minsk, despatches to Government strong petition on behalf of Jews in the trade. Sets forth damage done by policy of restrictions and regards total abolition of laws against Jewish timber merchants essential to prosperity. 21. Russki Invalid, court military organ, publishes inspired article declaring Jewish soldiers worthless, and an evil influence on Russian recruits; advises imposition of tax 152 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

RUSSIA (.continued) of one hundred or one hundred and fifty roubles on Jewish families, and exclusion of their sons from army. July 21. St. Petersburg authorities order closing of headquarters of Union of Jewish Literary Societies and of numerous branches in Jewish provincial centres. 28. Koorsk community sends strong protest to Governor and to Public Prosecutor against pogrom meeting addressed by Bishop Pitirim and Deputy Markoff, and against local anti-Jewish organ. Prosecutor promises Crown Rabbi assistance. 28. St. Petersburg correspondent of London Times reports that Premier Stolypin suggests that banks restrict credit to Jewish merchants. 28. In accordance with recommendations of Ministry of Justice, Senate prohibits Assistant Advocates to appear in trials before the Senate, thus revolutionizing status of Jewish Assistant Advocates. Aug. (beginning). With aid of " Real Russians," several services organized in provinces in memory of Yuschinsky. In- flammatory literature spread in the villages against Jews, accusing Kieff Rabbi of crime. 4. M. Stolypin's scheme for restricting Jews in banking and commercial transactions discussed at Cabinet Council, which also decides to impose tax of six roubles per annum, payable for four years, on all families whose members are exempt from military service. Jews see in this beginning of substitution of taxation for service. 4. St. Petersburg Jewish community decides to open Teacher's Training College and Museum in memory of late Barons Horace and David de Gunzburg. 4. Owing to expected visit of Czar to Kieff all Jews of Nikolskaja Sloboda (outside Kieff and part of Pale) will be temporarily expelled. 4. " Real Russians " resolve to continue agitation against Jews in spite of establishment of guilt of stepfather of Yu- schinsky, and General Bogdanovitch, organizer of 1905 massacres, leaves for Kieff to make investigations. De- mand of anti-Jewish agitators for new " official patriotic " inquiry into murder granted, as well as release of stepfather of Yuschinsky, in spite of evidence against him. 4. Russian Minister of Foreign Affairs undergoes anti- tuberculosis treatment by Dr. Alexander Marmorek, of Paris. 4. Jewish community of Ekaterinoslaff petitions Govern- ment for permission to erect a medical school near Jewish A LIST OF EVENTS IN 5672 AND NECROLOGY 153

RUSSIA (continued) hospital. Permit allowing petition on condition that only fifteen per cent of students shall be Jewish rejected by community. Aug. 11. Fires impoverish two thousand Jews at Tulishkoff; two hundred Jewish families lose all their property at Mlava; two hundred Jewish houses burnt at Konskavola and one life lost. Two lives lost at Ksheloff. 17. Further arrests in connection with the blood libel in Russia. 18. Senate, reviving old statute for long time disregarded, issues order prohibiting Jews in possession of higher educational certificates from owning real estate outside Pale, and demanding that Jews possessing such property shall part with it, and that authorities shall prosecute them for violating the law. 18. Ministry prohibits holders of certificates of a private gymnasium from entering universities as either matriculated or non-matriculated students, and decides without concurrence of Duma to enforce percentage restrictions for Jewish external students in high schools similar to those recently enforced in secondary schools. 18. Further arrests made in Kieff, in connection with blood libel, since release of Yuschinsky's stepfather. Those arrested afterward released and expelled from Kieff. 18. Monk Iliadore tours Volga district, preaching hostility to Jews; Governors of provinces of district aid him. At Nizhni-Novgorod, monk's followers after lecture attack and injure several Jews in streets. 18. German nobles in Baltic provinces assemble privately to determine upon their attitude, at general elections, towards candidature of M. Niselovitch, representative of Baltic provinces, and decide to oppose return of Jewish deputy. 18. Government Inspector of Jewish Colonization Associa- tion's institutions declares that Ministry will ask ICA to abandon internal activity and restrict its activity to emigration. 18. Two suburbs of Rozchitzi, province of Volhynia, withdrawn from Pale by acquiring status of villages. Order results in expulsion of one hundred and fifty Jewish families. 25. Reported from Warsaw that Chief of Police of Pultusk orders announcement to be made in synagogues that because Jewish young men are suspected of being revolu- tionists, they must remove their hats whenever they en- counter Chief of Police on street, on pain of imprisonment for seven days. 154 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

RUSSIA (continued) Aug. 25. " Real Russians " of Stari-Viesh (Siedlce) attack Jews; several injured. 25. Priests Iliadore and Mokari and Dr. Dubrovin decide at Moscow to organize religious and " nationalist " demonstrations of peasants, to arouse anti-Jewish agitation and to put the Yuschinsky case before the masses from a " Real Russian " standpoint. 25. M. Stolypin punishes several bodies of merchants for opposing his anti-Jewish views. Nizhni-Novgorod merchants suffer heavy losses, owing to new order prohibiting Jews from attending fairs without tendering evidence that they have never been involved in criminal affairs. Kieff Merchants' Association protests against repeated searches for Jewish merchants in city and confiscation of their goods. Merchants of Simbirsk also protest against expulsion of Jewish merchants. 25. Joseph "Werkbreit, veteran of Russo-Japanese campaign, in which he won distinction, medals, rescripts, and rank of non-commissioned officer, expelled from Baikal district, Siberia. Sept. (beginning). Massacres of Jews in connection with blood libel narrowly averted in Lodz and Ziradoff. 1. Ministry of Justice drafts bill prohibiting Jewish lawyers from conducting civil cases for Christian clients, and from offering themselves for election as members of Advocates' Councils. Measure also aims at general diminution in number of Jewish lawyers. 1. Two hundred and thirty persons expelled from Ostrovo (Kieff); large numbers from Bolshaja, Ekaterina, Ro- sovka, Elenovka, Velikoanadole, and Emilstchina. The last is one of one hundred and one villages converted by M. Plehve into townlets, to enable Jews to reside there. All Bokhara and Afghan Jews ordered to leave Caspian district. Withdrawal of Nikolaieff from Pale causes much hardship. 1. Acting Governor-General, Warsaw, visited by deputation of community of Suchedneff regarding decision to expel two hundred families on ground that village was situated on peasants' property and therefore closed to Jews. Sig- natures to " Real Russian " petition praying for expulsion of Jews from Lasova and Pavlovka found to be forged by anti-Jewish agitators; peasants had not signed. Odessa municipality orders exclusion from hospital of all Jews suffering from chronic diseases. A LIST OP EVENTS IN 5672 AND NECROLOGY 155

RUSSIA (.continued) Sept. 1. The Vienna correspondent of Odesskia Nowosti addresses number of public men, asking for views as to influence which unrestricted right of residence of Jews in Austria-Hungary exercises on economic, social, and cultural life of people. General opinion is that equality of rights granted to Jews in Austria has been of advantage to its economic development. 2. Reported that workingmen's unions, St. Petersburg, expelled seventy-eight Jewish mechanics during July. 8. Russian Government inaugurates new educational year by closing Pits' Jewish female gymnasium in Kieff, attended by a few hundred Jewesses, who will be expelled from the city. Jewish children also refused admission to elementary schools in southwest of Russia and in Kieff, and to Ekaterinoslaff Schools of Commerce, opened and financed by TTews. 8. Jewish artisans either expelled or threatened with expulsion from villages of BichofE, Bobrinsk, Orgrieff, and Vologda. In first one hundred and fifty families and last two hundred individuals affected. Jewish merchants who have been permitted to trade in Turchan (Siberia) excluded. 8. Trading certificates to be issued to all Jewish merchants who resided in Nikolaieff in August, 1906; all other Jews to be expelled immediately. 8. M. Tcherkass, veteran of Russo-Japanese campaign, decorated with two George Orders for bravery, presents grievances of Jewish soldiers to Czar, respecting exclusion from army, and prohibition to organize Jewish Lads' Brigades. Permits granted to form Lads' Brigades at Odessa and Kishineff. 8. Iliadore, " The Mad Monk of Tsaritsyn," publicly declares that attacks upon Jews and Russian educated classes will be begun after the holding of the forthcoming Con- gress of the " Black Hundreds." 13. Crown Rabbi Cohen, of Moghileff, accused of having organized a society to aid Jews in avoiding military service, released after nine months' imprisonment and charge withdrawn. 13. First instalment of Premier Stolypin's anti-Jewish measure, restricting Jewish participation in commerce, calls forth protests of merchants; the Retch condemns scheme, and advocates fullest inquiries into Jewish question. 156 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

RUSSIA (continued) Sept. 14. Premier Stolypin assassinated in Kieff by Bogroff, a revolutionist. Jews in state of terror, and large numbers leave town. 15. Odessa merchants elect M. Weinstein (among four other members) to represent them on electoral college to fill vacancy in Upper House. 21. Government of Czar officially announces its determination to prevent excesses against Jews, following assassination of Stolypin. M. Kokovtzeff, new Premier, takes extraordinary measures, despatching large force of troops to Kieff to safeguard property and lives of Jews. 22. Fire at Laskarszeff (Siedlce) causes loss to over one thousand Jewish families. 22. As result of assassination of M. Stolypin, entire Minis- terialist-Nationalist Party, ninety-three deputies, join " Real Russians " in demanding new anti-Jewish legislation. 22. M. Kokovtzeff, new Premier, apprised of serious effect which reports of M. Stolypin's scheme against Jewish traders have had on foreign houses, informs several bankers that scheme will not be put into operation. 22. General Tolmatcheff, Odessa, reported to have declared that his resignation is in hands of Ministry, owing to impossibility of further cooperation with Municipality. " Real Russians " are trying their best to keep him in Odessa. M. Purishkevitch and seventeen reactionary organizations telegraph to Czar in favor of Prefect. 29. Jewish resentment at assassination of M. Stolypin widespread; memorial services are held in all synagogues, and M. Margolin contributes toward cost of endowing five beds in Kieff Jewish hospital in memory of M. Stolypin. 29. Preparations of anti-Jewish agitators to organize pogrom in Kieff reported. Over twelve thousand Jews leave Kieff during week, majority going to Berditcheff. Owing to official precautions only three Jews injured by " Real Russian " gangs. 29. Searches and arrests carried out in hundreds of Jewish houses, Kieff, with view of discovering Bogroff's ac- complices. 29. Nationalists and " Real Russians " petition Czar for exclusion of Jews from Civil Service and legal profession, for their disfranchisement, and for vigorous prosecution of Jews using Russian first names. In Minsk, Ekaterinoslaff, and Odessa four lawyers prosecuted for using Russian first names. A LIST OP EVENTS IN 5672 AND NECROLOGY 157

RUSSIA (continued) Oct. 1-2. Number of serious anti-Jewish outbreaks occur in War- saw and outlying districts. 2. Cablegram to New York Jewish Morning Journal reports " Black Hundreds" national boycott on Jewish doctors, attorneys, merchants, and theatres with which Jews are associated. 6. Petition prepared by Nationalists requests Czar to expel all Jews, numbering about forty thousand, from Kieff. Anti-Jewish legislation at Yalta demanded. Boycott of Jewish merchants, doctors, lawyers, and theatres in many places. 6. Mendel Beilis, a Jew, committed for trial on charge of murdering Yuschinsky for ritual purposes, despite establishment of guilt of boy's stepfather. 6. Kieff Governor orders newspapers to refer to Bogroff, Stolypin's assassin, not as Dimitri, but as Moshko, Jewish equivalent. 6. Report new Governor of Tomsk, Gran, subjects Jews to cruelties and expulsions. 7. Kieff Jews forbidden to erect Succahs without permission of police, which is withheld when Succah can be seen from street. 7. Boy whose disappearance causes anti-Jewish outbreak in Osch, Turkestan, and murder of Jew Lilachov found unhurt immediately after the pogrom. Rioting due to blood libel proclamations circulated in Siberia. 13. Jewish refugees return to Kieff. 13. M. Purishkevitch demands exile of all Jews from non- Pale provinces; prohibition of Jewish trade in villages; restriction of Jewish credit in banks; enforcement of vigorous laws against Jewish supremacy in the press, and in legal, musical, and pharmaceutical professions, enactment of more educational restrictions, measures against Jewish managers of estates, and exclusion of Jews from army. 13. At Dvinsk, hooligans desecrate twenty-five Jewish graves. 13. Anti-Jewish outbreak in Turkestan. 13. M. Gololoboff, Deputy of Right, advises reactionary Nationalists at Ekaterinoslaff to fight Jews. 13. Witness in Yuschinsky ritual murder case retracts accusation against Beilis. 13. Fire destroys Jewish townlet Kostukovitch, Moghileff, and half of town of Filipova, Suwalk, rendering hundreds of Jewish families homeless. 158 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

RUSSIA (continued) Oct. 20. M. Kokovtzeff instructs Siberian authorities to leave un- disturbed all Jews who resided in Siberia before December 9,1909. 21. Governor of Poltava causes arrest of number of Jewish teachers for giving instruction to non-Jewish children. 26. Governor orders Jews in province of Ekaterinoslaff to be expelled. 27. General Sukhomlinoff, Minister of War, states that by " Czar's command" he is framing measure yielding to demand of nobility and " Real Russians " for exclusion of Jews from army. 28. At reopening of Duma, violent attacks made on Jews in referring to assassination of M. Stolypin, by State Coun- cillor Akimoff, Rodzianko, President of Duma, Purishke- vitch, Markoff, and others defended by Niselovitch and Roditcheff. Nov. 2. More than one thousand five hundred Jews in Ekateri- noslaff district who are threatened with expulsion appeal to Premier Kokovtzeff. As result Governor issues new order restricting expulsion to those who have settled there since 1906. 3. A. Stolypin, brother of late Premier, publishes in Novoe Vremya violent anti-Jewish attack advocating extermina- tion of Jews. 3. Restriction of admission of Jews to Schools of Commerce at Minsk and elsewhere occasions visit of many deputa- tions to capital, who show that Institutions were not only erected by Jews, but depend on their benevolence. 3. Cable to Jewish Daily News, New York, reports that Russian Minister of War has prepared a plan to exclude Jews from army and require a tax in lieu of military service. 3. Tomsk Jewish deputation at capital request Premier to permit Hebrew teachers and Shohetim to live there. 3. Thirty-eight Jews change religion at Warsaw, and thirty at Odessa, in order to enter local universities. 3. Three hundred Russian reservists in province of St. Petersburg protest against speech of officer, declaring Jews to be assassins of M. Stolypin and Yuschinsky. 10. Commercial school of Minsk, obeying order of Finance Ministry, decides not to accept any more Jewish students. 10. Jewish deputy, Niselovitch, in Duma, demands that equal rights be granted to Jews. 10. Count Witte appointed President of Imperial Committee of Finance. A LIST OF EVENTS IN 5672 AND NECROLOGY 159

RUSSIA (continued) Nov. 10. Governor of Ekaterinoslaff issues circular demanding of fifteen hundred Jews proof of right of residence in villages, within period of three days. Many Jews expelled from Karavan, Novo-Yasinovata, and Nicolo-Michailovsk (near Bachmut). 10. Rabbi and Shohetim attend meeting of Society for Pre- vention of Cruelty to Animals, Odessa, and procure aban- donment of efforts to prohibit Shehitah. 10. Anti-Jewish attacks by recruits at Keltzi, Poland. 10. Special inquiries conducted in Kieff concerning Hasi- dim and their alleged connection with Yuschinsky case. 17. Reported from Finland that Parliament decides to exclude Jews from receiving stipends in medical universities. 17. Premier Kokovtzeff announces that he recognizes Russian attitude toward Jews is of violent character. States he cannot interfere with the law, but will see that cruelties attending expulsions are avoided. 17. Renewed attacks in Duma on Jews by " Real Russians " upon consideration of plan to exclude Jews from practicing medicine in new Siberian provinces. 17. New recruits of Petrokoff, Poland, attack Jews. 24. Committee of Upper House agrees to Duma Bill granting pensions to Jewish teachers in Russian State elementary schools for Jews. 24. Pro-Jewish amendment to Finnish Government bill in Duma offered by Deputy Kurpensky leads to further attacks on Jews. 24. Exile of family of Jew Benjaminovitch, who was shot by Chief of Police, Uralsk, for failing to collect money from Jews. 24. General Tolmatcheff, Odessa, anticipating election of M. Weinstein as member of Upper House, institutes proceedings against him for using Russian first name. 24. Senate permits Governor to annul purchases of property made by Jews outside Pale. 24. For first time in recent years Senate orders proceedings against a Chief of Police in province of Vitebsk for illegal exile of Jew. 24. New political party formed in Moscow; program mainly devoted to campaign against Jews. 24. Duma Committee rejects interpellation of anti-Jewish deputies led by Purishkevitch regarding alleged ritual murder of Yuschinsky. 11 160 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

RUSSIA (continued) Nov. 26. Senate resolves that sanction of Minister of Justice is requisite for Jews to become Assistant Advocates, (end). " Real Russians " introduce interpellation in Duma, demanding of Ministers of Justice and Interior explanation as to arrest by Kieff authorities of stepfather of Yu- schinsky and other " Real Russians." Renewed attacks on Jews, and interpellation referred to a committee. Dec. (beginning). Upon representations made by Maslennikoff, Cadet Deputy, Prime Minister and Minister of Interior have expulsions from Astrakhan stopped. 1. General Tolmatcheff, Prefect of Odessa, removed. 1. Governor of Nizhni-Novgorod requests, of Minister of Commerce, powers to exile Jewish Commissioners attending local fairs. 1. To counteract renewed ritual murder agitation eight hundred and thirteen Rabbis publish in Russian press protest against accusation. 4. Governor of Ekaterinoslaff issues order for confiscation of property of Jews living in places within province declared to be " towns " by Government. 8. Government takes steps to have further inquiry into murder of Yuschinsky at Kieff. 8. M. Grusenberg, eminent lawyer, and M. Korolenko, editor of Russkoe Bogatstvo, offer to defend Beilis, charged with ritual murder at Kieff. 8. Duma committee adopts, by seventeen votes against nine, second " Real Russian " interpellation censuring de- tention of Yuschinsky's relatives. 8. Czar sanctions decision of Senate to permit Jewish holders of pharmaceutical diploma to reside in Moscow, irrespective of their occupations. 8. Jewish expulsions continue, unabated, in Ekaterinoslaff, Kherson, St. Petersburg, and Kieff. 8. Rodionor reports to Ministry of Interior, after official inspection, in favor of extension of Pale by inclusion of villages in Southwestern Provinces. 8. Jewish Teachers' Pension Bill in Financial Committee of Upper House attacked by Durnovo and defended by Assistant Minister of Education Taube. 8. After declaration of Chief of Police of Beltzi district, Bessarabia, that Jews are not under protection of law, " Real Russian " peasants at Alexeyevka kill first Jew they meet in street. 8. M. Haffkine, bacteriologist, awarded St. Vladimir Order in recognition of services in anti-plague campaign. A LIST OP EVENTS IN 5672 AND NECROLOGY 161

RUSSIA (continued) Dec. 8. Minister of Justice censures Kieff authorities for allowing too many Jews to become Assistant Advocates, seeing that Bogroff was of this profession. Profession thereupon closed to Jews by authorities. 13. Protest of distinguished litterateurs, professors, scientists, members of bar and members of Council of Empire and Duma against charges of ritual murder published widely. 15. The Rossia, the Premier's organ, declares that Govern- ment cannot be expected to grant privileges to foreign Jews which Jews in Russia do not possess. 15. Polish Bill prohibiting Jews from occupying posts as Mayors and disfranchising a large proportion of Jews is considered in the Duma. 15. Renewed attacks on Jews in Duma. 15. M. Sosnovsky appointed Prefect of Odessa, to succeed General Tolmatcheff. 15. Success of second interpellation of " Real Russians " on ritual murder in Duma Committee; Niselovitch requests President of Duma to give House early opportunity to discuss it. 15. Deputies Teslenko and Maklakoff offer to organize defence of Beilis, and, together with Grusenberg and Koro- lenko, select greatest legal authorities. 15. Minister of Commerce invites exchanges to send representatives to conference in St. Petersburg on desirability of carrying into effect M. Stolypin's scheme of installing percentage norm for Jewish exporters at the ports. Ex- changes direct their delegates to oppose measure. 15. Two new blood accusations at Kieff. 15. Minister of War submits reports that exclusion of Jews from army would lead ignorant peasants to regard Jews as privileged sect. 15. Action of Governor of Ekaterinoslaff in expelling Jews from villages in province leads to representations to Minister of Interior, who again promises that only those who have settled there since 1906 will be disturbed, (middle). Duma receives report from Interpellation Committee recommending rejection of interpellation accusing Jewish sect of use of Christian blood. 17. Russian Foreign Office declares that M. Bakhmetieff, Russian Ambassador, Washington, made no formal protest against abrogation of Treaty of 1832. 22. Guchkoff, former president of Duma, introduces bill providing for prohibitive tariff on American goods in re- taliation for abrogation of Treaty. 162 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

RUSSIA (continued) Dec. 22. Grand Dukes Constantine, Boris, Andrei, and Cyril, and Grand Duchess Elizabeth contribute money towards " Real Russian " Archangel Michael Union. 22. Government cancels order of M. Zilov permitting children of rich Kieff Jews to enter new Talmud Torahs. 22. Recommendation of Judicial Committee abolishing three hundred roubles fine for families of missing recruits reported to Duma at secret sitting. 22. Upper House adopts Pension Bill for Jewish teachers. 22. Merchants' Associations of Irkootsk and Wilna decline to support local Schools of Commerce, in view of new percentage norm enforced against Jews. 22. Russian authorities permit reopening of St. Petersburg Jewish Literary Society, but permission to open branches in provinces refused. 22. Objections of Exchange Committees cause Minister of Commerce to abandon scheme of installing percentage norm for Jewish exporters at ports. 22. Number of trials and punishment of Jews in Dvinsk, Minsk, Tomsk, Odessa, and St. Petersburg, for using Russian first names. 22. Odessa authorities cancel General Tolmatcheff's order restricting examination of Jewish artisans. 22. Minister of Interior makes anti-Jewish speech in Duma Committee, recommending that Jews be prohibited from buying or hiring land in new Chelm province. 27. Bills to exclude American Jews and to raise duties one hundred per cent on all American goods introduced into Duma by Nationalists. 29. Kieff police compel about four hundred Jewish merchants to remove their business to districts already much congested. Order equivalent to ruin of both affected Jews and Russian houses connected with them. 29. Professors of Odessa University publish appeal to public to join in general protest against blood accusation. 29. Violent anti-Jewish campaign owing to recent events in America in connection with passport question. 29. In secret sittings of Duma exclusion of Jews from army receives much attention. 29. Russian Minister of Agriculture, in report, pays tribute to Jews as agriculturists. 1912 Jan. 5. Odessa Orthodox, Catholic, and Lutheran priests publish protest against ritual murder libel. 5. Christian ecclesiastics in Russia protest against the ritual murder libel. A LIST OF EVENTS IN 5672 AND NECROLOGY 163

RUSSIA (continued) Jan. 5. Government issues special passports for Jewish traders possessing right to visit extra-Pale provinces for periods not exceeding six months in year. 5. M. Sosnovsky, Prefect of Odessa, inaugurates regime by promise not to institute proceedings against Jews using Russian first names, not to molest various societies and educational institutions in town, nor to interfere in elections. 5. Jewish communal workers, St. Petersburg, in view of alarming proportions of conversion movement, decide to issue appeal to Jews against conversion and in favor of expulsion of converts from Jewish institutions. 5. Pupils of Kieff Cadet School attack Jews in street car for speaking Yiddish. 5. Hooligans armed with knives attack Jews in streets in Warsaw. 12. Russian Students' Association joins in protest against ritual murder libel, and Russian Ethnological Society arranges for lecture illustrating absurdity of anti-Jewish accusation from scientific point of view. 12. Authorities demand of Municipality details concerning number of synagogues in Kieff controlled by Hasidim and Misnagdim. 12. Gregory Jacobsohn, member of First Russian Duma, charged with having name not strictly Jewish. 12. Wilna authorities prohibit production in theatre of plays written by Jews. 12. As result of removal of Nikolaieff from Pale, authorities decline to issue trading certificates to Jews settled there since 1906. 12. Kieff Municipality joins in protest against compulsory removal of business of four hundred Jewish merchants to overcrowded districts. 12. Jewish representatives of foreign financiers attending meeting of International Bank permitted to remain in capital for week, notwithstanding Nationalist objections. 12. At sitting of Kieff District Assizes, it is resolved to reject appeals to release Beilis on bail, and to acquaint him with indictment. 12. Rossia, Government organ, declares that new treaty with United States in only possible if United States re- frains from putting forward interests of Jews, (middle). Jury acquits Hannah Spector, of Zashkoff, of charge of alleged ritual murder of a servant. Public Prosecutor lodges protest against acquittal. 164 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

RUSSIA (continued) Jan. 19. Professor Kovalevsky, of Council of Empire, states that Russian Cabinet must yield to just demands of America respecting passport question; crisis is greatest Russian diplomatic defeat in recent years, and renewal of Treaty with America is essential to Russian cotton industry. 19. Leipzig Professor, Herr Klengel, resigns position as Judge at award of distinctions at St. Petersburg Conserva- toire on account of refusal of some anti-Jewish professors to confirm grant of first prize to Jew. 19. At Conference at Ministry of Commerce, Government consents to abolish some restrictions against Jews in connection with founding of shareholders' companies. 23. Conference of Jewish representatives on immigration problem, St. Petersburg. 26. Minister of Education orders Director of Moscow Tech- nical School not to admit any Jews who have studied abroad. 26. Senate, while permitting Jews to visit villages for a few days on business, decides against repeal of prohibition of stay of Jews in summer resorts. 26. Minister of Justice directs isolation of Beilis at Kieff. Student Wolffsohn accused of ritual murder; other similar charges by local authorities. 26. Council of Conference of Exchanges and Commercial Associations decides to request Minister of Interior to omit from new regulations concerning Jewish commercial travellers to extra-Pale centres the clauses limiting number of such Jewish employees to one of each firm. 26. St. Petersburg workmen collect signatures for labor protest against ritual murder libel. 26. Conference of Russian Artists adopts resolution praying for abolition of restrictions against Jews in Academy of Arts. 26. Great distress among Jewish unemployed in Warsaw. Five thousand Jews make demonstrations during week at offices of Jewish Communal Organization. 26. Three Jewish families, comprising eight persons, massa- cred in forest of Busentchin near Prushkoff, Poland. Feb. 1. Nationalists introduce in Duma Bill prohibiting admission to Russia of Jewish citizens of United States and imposing tariff restrictions on American imports. 2. Authorities of Nizhni-Novgorod harshly revise right of residence of local Jewish merchants. Artisans of Kovisk expelled for dealing in own handiwork. A LIST OF EVENTS IN 5672 AND NECROLOGY 165

RUSSIA (continued) Feb. 2. St. Petersburg Jews decide to send deputation to America for purpose of agitating for an international Emigration Congress. 2. M. Krukoff, official recently returned from Argentine Re- public, makes Ministry of Agriculture favorable report of Jewish colonists there, and recommends that Russian Government encourage establishment of such Jewish colonies in Russia. 2. Turkestan Cotton Growing Organization cancels prohibition against leasing land by Jewish planters in order to attempt to render Russia independent of American cotton. 2. Committee of Upper House amends Duma Sunday Trad- ing Bill, prohibiting all Sunday sales, by authorizing Sun- day trading in provision shops for five hours. 9. Kieff correspondent of Russkoe Slovo presents petition to judicial authorities on murder of Yuschinsky, charging that murder was committed by a gang of criminals whom he names. 9. " Real Russian " Deputy, M. Zamislovsky, visits Kieff, Governor-General and local officials attend his lecture on alleged ritual murder among Jews. One hundred prominent Odessa advocates, doctors, and writers publish protest against ritual murder libel. Case against student Wolffsohn dismissed. 9. At Kazan, authorities force assistant chemists to close business within two months. 9. At Arkhangel, Vice-Governor orders expulsion of six Jewish medical students. 9. Sixty-one Jewish artisans expelled from St. Petersburg. 9. M. Teitel, Saratoff Assizes, only Jewish Judge in Russia, made an Actual State Councillor on retirement from service. 9. Poles erect monument at Kopka, Siedlce, to Jewish Colonel Yoselovitch, killed in battle in 1809. 12. Retch, Cadet organ, publishes Durnovo Commission report of 1905 on passports, which recommended free admission of foreign Jews. 12. Duma, by vote of one hundred and fourteen to seventy- four, rejects interpellation of Right, denouncing action of Ministry of Finance permitting Jews to trade in all districts of Kieff; severe anti-Semitic attacks during discussion. (middle). Expulsion from St. Petersburg, from Smolensk, Al- mazny, and Lobovo, Ekaterinoslaff; from villages in Vitebsk, Dombrova, in Poland, and Koorsk. 1G6 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

RUSSIA (continued) Feb. 16. Duma in secret session resolves to compel Jews to enlist in army who are sole wage-earners in family, and who have been hitherto exempt from military service. 16. Counsel for Beilis complains that he has not been allowed to examine the indictment. 16. Wilna Jewish workmen memorialize Duma for abolition of restrictions in western provinces against Yiddish, owing to which plays, lectures, etc., are prohibited. 16. During debate on Astrakhan Zemstvo Bill, Deputy Nise- lovitch protests against exclusion of Jews from Council. 16. Official casualty list from army in Persia contains six Jewish names out of eighty-eight. 16. Kieff Judicial Chamber confirms indictment against Beilis; he will have to stand for trial for death of Yu- schinsky. 16. Jewish merchants expelled from Tashkent in spite of protests of their Russian colleagues; at Nizhni-Novgorod, Jews prohibited from building shops at fairs. 16. Minister of Interior declines petition of six female Jewish medical students of Medical Institute to remain in Kharkoff to complete studies. 16. Minister of Justice, M. Tcheglovitoff declares in Senate, that he regards Stolypin's circular (permitting all Jews who resided outside Pale before August 1, 1906, to remain) as violation of laws of Jewish domicile. 22. Nationalists hold protest meeting, St. Petersburg, against United States on account of denunciation of Treaty of 1832. Over two thousand persons present, including many members of Duma and Council of Empire. Resolu- tion adopted favoring exclusion of all American Jews from Russia, and increase of import duties on American goods. 23. Duma agrees to clause in Military Service Bill imposing heavy line upon families of Jews who evade military service. 23. Duma declines to exempt Jewish ecclesiastical authorities from military service, a privilege extended to Chris- tian and Mussulman priests. 23. Duma Education Committee omits, from regulations of Tomsk Polytechnic, clause prohibiting admission of Jews into institution. 23. Duma adopts interpellation denouncing former Prefect of Odessa for permitting anti-Semites to terrorize Jews and preventing them from voting at last by-election. 23. Ministry of Education makes increased appropriations to Commercial Schools to make them independent of Jewish support. A LIST OP EVENTS IN 5672 AND NECROLOGY 167

RUSSIA (continued) Feb. 24. Cablegram to Jewish Daily News, New York City, reports that Duma approves Bill abolishing exemption from military service of Jewish young men who are the only sons or sole support of their parents. Mch. 1. Russian Senate issues decree permitting only Crown Rabbis to perform marriage ceremonies. 1. Memorial to Ministers of Interior, Finance, and Com- merce against Kieff Jewish merchants, signed by " Chief of the District, Trepoff." Memorial is bitter attack on Jews and the State Bank, and plea for Russiflcation of commerce. 1. At request of Minister of Justice, Senate prohibits Jewish merchants of First Guild from erecting factories outside towns and townlets of Pale. Thousands of Jewish families living in villages affected. 1. Despite efforts of police, Odessa, to prevent demonstration, between forty thousand and fifty thousand persons march in funeral procession of Iglitsky, Jewish director of private gymnasium. 1. Successful Bezalel exhibition of four weeks at Lodz. 8. Duma rejects M. Freedman's proposal to abolish percentage norm for Jews in remodelled Arkhangel school for medical assistants, and Czar confirms M. Kasso's order excluding Jews from Zlinsk, Tchernigoff, public school. 8. Council of Empire defeats clause in Judicial Reform Bill permitting Jews to stand for election as Justices of Peace. 8. Duma votes to convert commercial institutes of Moscow and Kieff into Government high schools, to render them independent of Jewish support and restrict number of Jewish students admitted. 8. Six Jews, Lodz, injured by anti-Semites in street attack. 8. At Astrakhan, Proscuroff, Voroshilovka (Podolia), and Odessa, agitation of ritual murder. 8. Governor of Ekaterinoslaff asks peasants to name Jews whom they wish expelled. Twenty-five Jewish families expelled from villages near Ratna. At Taps, Riga, police forbid hotels to admit Jews. 10. Chief of Police of Uralsk, Saratoff, sentenced to three years' imprisonment for murder of two Jews. Later sen- tence reduced by Czar to six months. 15. Wissotzky Brothers, Odessa, contribute one hundred thousand roubles to Technical Institute, Palestine. 15. Urgent protests sent to Premier against action of Gov- ernor-General Trepoff, Kieff, in declaring Rasova a village, which resulted in expulsion of two thousand Jews. Minsk 168 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

RUSSIA (continued) authorities withdraw Shimizova, Bobunia, and Siniavka from Pale. Mch. 15. Police expel Jewish students of Neuro-Psychological Institute, St. Petersburg, which declined Imperial subsidy, in order to maintain independence. 15. Duma committee rejects a Bill extending right of Jews to participate in local Government elections. 15. Duma rejects proposal to prohibit Jews from buying or hiring land outside towns and townlets in Chelm. 15. Anti-Jewish agitators distribute in Duma photographs representing " murder of Yuschinsky by Jews." 15. Bishop of Vitebsk orders his subordinates not to trade with Jews, (middle). Senate annuls acquittal of Hannah Spector, accused of killing her servant at Zashkoff for alleged ritual purposes. 22. Six leading Hebrew and Yiddish publishing firms of Wilna and Warsaw combine. 22. Number of Cossacks form sect, which adopts Jewish principles and offers to assist Zionist movement. 22. Premier and Ministers of the Interior and Commerce memorialized by Russian Union of Factory Owners for removal of restrictions against Jewish commercial travellers without the Pale. 22. Minister of Commerce declines to concur in decision of Senate, that Jews temporarily enrolled in artisans' guilds cannot take part in any guild elections. 22. Baron A. Giinzburg elected member of Council of Anglo- Russian Chamber of Commerce. 22. The Esthonian paper, the Paevaleht, fined five hundred roubles for article against persecution of Jews. 22. Ministry of Ways and Communications prohibits placing of contracts for Siberian railways with Jews. 29. Senate rejects petition of Rabbis to permit Jewish teachers of religion to reside in villages. 29. According to official statistics, 19,809 new Jewish recruits enroll this year in army. 29. Old Finnish party, Conservatives, and anti-Jewish party, agitate in favor of expelling all Jews from Finland. 29. Senate approves decision to forbid Jews who settled in villages before introduction of May laws from trading there. 29. Kieff police expel several hundred Jews attending local fairs. 29. Eight hundred Jewish families of Dombrova, Poland, and Koretz, Volhynia, threatened with expulsion. A LIST OF EVENTS IN 5672 AND NECROLOGY 169

RUSSIA (continued) Mch. 29. Premier rescinds order expelling two thousand Jews from Rasova, Kieff. 29. Korolenko, author of literary ritual murder libel protest, receives spirited memorial from hundred Russian workmen of Lugansk, assuring Jews that best Russians disbelieve libel, and expressing hope for speedy triumph of justice. 29. At Kostroma, Jewish sculptor Aaronson commissioned to erect monument to reigning dynasty. Apl. (beginning). M. Sazonoff, Minister of Foreign Affairs, speaking in Duma, states in making new Treaty with United States Russian Government will not permit any outside encroachment upon sovereign rights of Russia to shape its own internal legislation in accordance with its special requirements. 1. Estimated that fully seventy thousand Jews applied for relief at Odessa during Passover holidays. 5. One thousand Jews driven out of Kirsonoff, Tamboff. Four hundred and fifty families from other towns expelled within two weeks. 5. Jewish Community, Zhitomir, presents farewell address to retiring Governor, M. Kutaisov, removed upon demands of " Real Russians." 5. Minister of Justice obtains consent of Senate for introduction of percentage norm for Jewish Assistant Advo- cates. 5. Thousands of appeals distributed urging Russians to watch their children during Passover holidays. 5. Minister of Interior denies petition of seventy-three landowners ofGapsa^to permit Jews to reside there during summer. Local authorities proceed against landowners * for denouncing them to Minister for excluding Jews. 5. At third reading of Military Bill in Duma on motion of Niselovitch resolution excluding Jews from army withdrawn. Discussion of Jews in army service. 5. Peasants of Ekaterinoslaff and Perm, in referendum instituted by Governors, declare against expulsion of Jews. 5. Further discussion of Jewish question in Duma.' Miliu- koff deplores failure to act on Pale Bill. 5. New ritual murder accusations at Kishineff and Ray- gorod. 12. Minister of Agriculture investigates complaint of large share of Bokhara Jews in cotton plantations, in Turkestan. 12. Jewish reservists and Jewish veterans of Russo-Turkish and Russo-Japanese wars ask permission of Minister of 170 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

RUSSIA (continued) Interior to hold conference to protest against attack on Jewish conscripts and to obtain right of residence for all Jews who have served in army. Apl. 12. " Real Russian " deputies in Duma demand exclusion of Jews from press and printing trade. 12. Ministry restores management of Jewish Burial Society of Odessa to Jewish community. 12. Protest against ritual murder accusation in Little Russia, many influential natives condemning accusation and dwelling on their good relations with Jews. 19. Premier's organ, Rossia, prints strong denunciation of anti-Jewish agitators, attacking them for their attitude in connection with ritual murder accusation. 19. Despite peasant votes for retention of Jews in villages, Governor of Ekaterinoslaff decides to recommend their expulsion. 19. Minister of Education, in effort to control Neuro-Psycho- logical Institute in capital, declines to postpone term of military service of five hundred students of Institute unless percentage norm for Jews be installed. 19. Minister of Interior declines to permit Rabbis, Hazanim, and Shohetim to reside in Amoor district without permits required of other Jews. 19. Minister of Justice rejects recommendation of Council of Russian Advocates to promote eight Jewish lawyers to rank of Advocates. 19. Council of Exchanges Committee again petitions Min- istry to abolish percentage norm for Jews in Schools of Commerce. 19. Academy of Arts gives vote of thanks to M. Gunzburg, sculptor, for works presented to the institution by him. 19. Davidoff, of Imperial Theatre, decorated with Order of St. Ann. 26. Peasants of Ivanovka, near Lugansk, induced by " Real Russians " to demand expulsion of local Jews, withdraw petition on learning that peasants of Petropavlevki invited threatened exiles to settle among them. 26. Finnish Jews protest against Jewish witnesses in Courts being compelled to take an oath in synagogue only. 26. May 30 fixed for trial of Beilis. Later statement that trial is postponed till after elections. Petition to obtain release of prisoner on bail. May 3. Attempt of Jewish Nationalist Party to wrest management of Warsaw community from assimilationists unsuccessful. A LIST OP EVENTS IN 5672 AND NECROLOGY

RUSSIA (continued) May 3. Appeal signed by two hundred non-Jewish Russian savants, communal workers, politicians, and members of Municipalities, urging cessation of ritual murder accusation, published. 3. Finnish Senate resolves to obtain Czar's assent to Bill abolishing prohibition of Shehitah. 3. Senate decides that Jews who become Protestants shall remain subject to anti-Jewish restrictions. 3. Governor of Viborg announces that fine will be imposed on house-owners who lodge Jews without right of domicile during summer. 10. Jewish election campaign committees formed in all Jewish centres to look after Jewish interests in Duma elections. 10. Governor of Grodno orders expulsion of eleven hundred Jewish families. Deputation of exiles to St. Petersburg succeeds in suspending order temporarily. 10. Accusations of ritual murder at Krementchoog and Tiflis. 10. Sixty-two Zemstvo officials of Poltava sign protest against ritual murder accusation. Several hundred Grodno and Wilna workmen send protest against accusation to the Duma. 10. Petition for release of Beilis on bail refused. 10. Fires destroy Jewish houses in Kutno, Szichlin, and Opole, Poland, rendering four hundred and sixty-five families homeless. 10. Police search offices of Jewish newspapers, the Fraind, Warsaw, and the Tog, Wilna, and arrest several members of former's staff. 10. Kieff school for medical assistants closes owing to financial difficulties occasioned by introduction of percentage norm for Jewish students. 10. Governor of Nizhni-Novgorod, in order to prevent Jewish merchants from possessing land at local fairs, appeals to first department of Senate to declare ground on which fairs are held, to be a village. (middle). Debate in Duma on extreme anti-Jewish agitation of Russian Minister of Justice. 17. Pereyaslaff and Kieff Society for Protection of Women protests against ritual murder accusation. 17. Governor of Nizhni-Novgorod prevents Jews from erecting shops at local fairs without waiting for Senate decision. Authorities of Ekaterinodar exclude Jewish commercial travellers from district. Governor of Kieff declares he 172 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

RUSSIA (continued) will expel and confiscate property of every Jewish merchant who is unable to produce certificate of uninterrupted payment of First Guild fee for fifteen years. May 17. New Governor of Volhynia imposes extra tax of eighty thousand roubles per annum on Jewish house-owners and merchants, who protest to Senate and Ministry of Interior. Governor confiscates property of those unwilling to pay the tax. 17. Archbishop Anthony, of Volhynia, at anniversary of death of Russian martyr Gabriel, delivers inflammatory sermon against Jews. 17. Czar sends donation of five thousand roubles to Kieff Union of " Real Russian " students. 17. Deputy Roditcheff in Duma attacks anti-Jewish policy of Minister of Education. 17. Merchants in Southern Russia protest to Premier and Minister of Commerce against expulsion and confiscation of property of Jews. 17. Governor of Minsk expels Jews from other villages. 24. Minister of Interior and Chief Procurator of Holy Synod express sympathy with demands of deputation of anti-Jewish agitators from South of Russia for new measures of " protection " against Jews. 24. Interpellation of Right on ritual murder accusation causes heated discussion in Duma. Interpellation sent to a committee. 24. Minister of Justice states to deputation of Russian Ad- vocates who wait on him on behalf of Jewish Assistant Advocates, that it is impossible to admit so many Jews to professions. 24. Peasants of village Zasela, Kherson, unanimously decide to ask authorities to declare place a townlet in order to enable Jews to settle there. 24. Deputy Gulkin, former " Real Russian," announces that, contrary to inspired reports spread abroad, a study of attitude of peasants convinces him that they are not opposed to emancipation of Jews. 24. Professor of Tomsk University, who censures assault of anti-Jewish students on Jewish journalist, notified of his removal. 30. Finnish Senate forwards to Czar its decision in favor of abolishing prohibition of Shehitah in principality. Czar confirms the abolition of the restriction. 31. Senate of Finland memorializes Government concerning permission to Jews and Mohammedans to slaughter according to respective rituals. A LIST OF EVENTS IN 5672 AND NECROLOGY 173

RUSSIA (continued) May 31. Dismissal of Jew, Kanegisser, from Directorship of Nikolaieff shipbuilding yards and docks; decision to dismiss all Jewish employees at the port. 31. Russian journalist M. Brazul-Brushkovsky submits to authorities new statement concerning Beilis case, which compels institution of new inquiry into circumstances of Yuschinsky murder. 31. At Poltava, authorities compel sixty-two Zemstvo officials who recently associated themselves with the protests against a ritual murder accusation to withdraw their statement. 31. Retiring Governor, Kishineff, dismisses police official for associating himself with a ritual murder accusation against a Jew. 31. Townlet of Natscha, Wilna, converted into village, and Jews expelled. Same fate awaits Jews of Ukrainka, Kherson. Several Jewish families expelled from Krasno- vodsk; thirty-six Jews arrested at Kieff Science and Art Club, and expelled from city. 31. Senate agrees with Premier, and rejects Kieff Governor's contention that local Jews must pay First Guild fee for fifteen years before receiving privilege to trade there. Problem affects large part of local Jewish population. 31. Ministry rejects petition of Russian merchants in behalf of Jewish commercial travellers outside the Pale; St. Petersburg Governor declines petition of Crown Rabbi to allow Jews to live in local resorts during summer. Gov- ernor of Saratoff allows Jewish artisans to visit the resorts. 31. Anti-Jewish agitators in provinces of Podolia and Volhynia with aid of police incite peasants to demand expulsion of Jews. 31. Three hundred Jewish families in province of Taurida expelled; two hundred in addition to recent exiles ordered to leave villages in provinces of Volhynia and Kherson. June 2. Jews of Bielistock in alarm because of ritual murder accusations. 7. Cadet leader Miliukoff, at Bielistock, advises Jews to send as many Jewish deputies to Duma as possible. 7. Assistant Minister of Finance, M. Novitzky, receives deputation of Nationalist Bessarabian Zemstvo, who request postponement of new law prohibiting Jews to sell wine in houses not owned by them. 7. Four children, aged twelve to two, of man named Hamerov arrested and sent to Pale from Skopin, Rasan. 7. Kharkoff police institute proceedings against Zionists " for belonging to an illegal organization and supporting financial institutions abroad." 174 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

RUSSIA (continued) June 7. Count Witte denies accusation of Von Egert that in 1890 he sent millions to America to assist Jewish bankers. 7. Ministry of Interior reported to be framing a new naturalization law permitting change of allegiance. 7. " Real Russian " Conference opens in St. Petersburg. Deputy Markoff and others utter violent attacks on Jews. 7. Duma Committee adopts, by twelve votes against eight, anti-Semitic interpellation against the Premier, for permitting Jews who paid First Guild fee for less than ten years to trade in Kieff. 7. Influential committee, including Jewish millionaires Brodsky, Margolin, and Zaitzeff, formed at Kieff to cooperate with the ITO in establishment of proposed Man- delstamm colony in America. 7. Fires destroy large portions of townlets Savran (Po- dolia), Vonvolitza (Lublin), and Buliak (Kalish), leaving several hundreds of Jewish families homeless. 7. Nine ringleaders, of the Osch, Turkestan, ritual murder riot, in which a Jew was killed and several wounded last year, sentenced to eight months' imprisonment. 7. Professor M. Kamenka, St. Petersburg University, a Jew, forced to resign. 11. Four Jews are candidates for Duma from Odessa. 14. Prominent attorney, Sliosberg, nominated by all the progressive parties as candidate for Odessa in next Duma elections. 14. Duma rejects " Real Russian" motion to install percentage norm for Jews in all private schools subsidized by Government or Municipalities. 14. Kovno Grand Committee and delegates of sixteen Pale centres at St. Petersburg resolve to oppose candidature for Duma of converted Jews and to favor all Liberal candidates. Where possible Jewish committees will combine with progressives to elect Jewish nominees, and Jewish voters will be induced to take active interest in Duma elections. 14. Count Witte publishes statement denouncing tactics of Nationalists as effecting results opposite to those desired, and praising nationalism of Bismarck, which included religious freedom. 14. Chief of the nobility, Tchernigoff, warns Jewish communal leaders to refrain from nominating Jewish candidate for Duma. 14. Duma passes resolution calling upon Committee in charge of Bill to abolish Pale to report in week's time. A LIST OF EVENTS IN 5672 AND NECROLOGY 175

RUSSIA (continued) June 14. Heads of Orthodox Church endorse " Real Russian" address to Czar in which Jews are severely attacked. 14. Peasants of Snigirevo, Kherson, and Rosova, Kieff, petition authorities to convert these villages into townlets to enable Jews to live in them. 14. Assistant Minister of Interior expresses appreciation to Rabbi Zirelsohn for manner in which Jews participated in recent demonstrations of loyalty, during celebration of centenary of annexation of Bessarabia. 14. Ministry of Justice decides to alter composition of Court, to try Beilis. Ministry and Kieff Governor-General ask investigators of Beilis case to place before them revela- tions of M. Brazul-Brushkovsky. 14. Authorities send to their native places by etape all Russian subjects returning home from abroad without frontier passports, even when in possession of Russian internal passports. 14. Czar receives deputation of Kutais Jewish community, which expresses loyalty. 14. M. Melnikoff, " Real Russian " Governor of Volhynia, cruelly refuses Jewish woman's plea, supported by local peasants, for withdrawal of expulsion order against her family. 14. Senate prohibits possession of real estate by Jews at Nizhni-Novgorod fairs. 14. Governor of Ekaterinburg orders inspection by authorities of documents of all Jews " every day." 14. Introduction of registration system for Jewish merchants and commercial representatives outside the Pale strongly opposed by Russian merchants' organizations. 14. Defeat in Duma of effort to retain in Judicial Bill clause permitting selection of Jews as Justices of Peace. 14. Three hundred Jewish families expelled from Lask. 14. Kieff police demand power to confiscate without a trial property of Jewish merchants lacking documents of domicile. 14. " Real Russians " succeed in introducing complete Sun- day closing in Rovno, thickly populated by Jews. 14. Forty-nine Zionists, of Vinnitza, fined twenty roubles each for attending Zionist meeting. 14. Novoe Vremya publishes article headed " In Captivity by the Jews," which pictures Jews as real masters of Russia, and Yuschinsky as symbol of captivity of all Russia; Jews represented as robbers, traitors, and pro- moters of fraud and immorality. 12 176 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

RUSSIA (continued) June 21. Pale Bill Committee at meeting attended by six of thirty- six members decides to report inability to report bill within week specified by Duma and to recommend appointment of new committee to consider bill. 21. Reported that identity of murderers of Yuschinsky established. Counsel for Beilis moves to dismiss case on strength of new disclosures. Kieff Court to proceed against counsel for spreading anti-libel appeals. 21. Ritual murder accusations made in Slaviansk and Sosnovitz. 21. Exchange Committees in Pale centres decide to present question of Jewish domicile to Premier, Minister of Com- merce, and to Minister of Justice with whose sanction Senate and Provincial authorities performed many anti- Jewish acts. 21. Anti-Jewish agitators, encouraged by priests to counteract petitions of Exchange Committees, send numerous petitions to Governors for expulsion of Jews as injurious to interests of Russian population. 21. Representative families of Volhynia expelled from villages discuss emigration, and decide to send delegates to Palestine to find suitable location for colony. 21. Expulsions continue in villages of Governments of Grodno, Kherson, and Podolia, and in provinces of Perm, Nizhni-Novgorod, and Koorsk. Jewish merchants of Koorsk, terrified at coming regime of new " Real Russian " Governor, M. Muratoff, liquidate business, and leave district. Zemstvo of Novoukrainka, made prosperous by Jews, protest against proposed conversion into village, thus necessitating expulsion of Jews. 21. M. Kuzretzoff refers in Duma to rewards and appointments given to Jew-baiters for their anti-Jewish speeches. 21. Upper House, sitting as high Court of Appeal, dismisses case of M. Skrabin, who demanded satisfaction of M. Muratoff for imprisoning him in 1907 for a month, at Vologda, for refusing to salute " Real Russian " flag. 21. Number of bishops, encouraged by reward to Bishop of Chelm for his activity, engage in election campaign and agitate against all Liberals and Jews. Anti-Jewish agitators, Ekaterinoslaff, invite M. Schmakoff, counsel against Beilis, to terrorize Jews during campaign. Russkoe Znamya warns Jews that criticism of Government by Jew- ish deputies will be answered by pogroms. 21. Claiming that Jews skin living animals, anti-Jewish agitators introduce bill in Duma to prohibit procedure. Statement made that Shehitah is not tolerated abroad. Bill lost by vote of 111 against 65. A LIST OF EVENTS IN 5672 AND NECROLOGY 177

RUSSIA (continued) June 21. Several peasant delegates, after " Real Russian " Con- ference, " refusing to be associated with a body fostering hatred among human beings," resign from organization. 21. Professor Ozeroff, in Russian Industrial Gazette, declares that Russia's mistaken policy, of enclosing Jews in Pale, is responsible for lack of active business life, outside of agriculture. 21. " Real Russians " to-petition Government to open Jewish University in Russia, on condition that Jews should be expelled from all other Universities. Maintenance to come from Jewish Korobka (meat tax) fund. No Jews will be admitted this year to Kieff and Moscow commercial institutes. 21. Kieff Judicial Chamber decides to cancel decision of District Assizes expelling from legal profession Jewish Assistant Advocates who during seven years were unable to obtain promotion to rank of Advocate. 21. Advocate Grusenberg designated as Jewish candidate for Kovno, to succeed M. Freedman in Duma. He will be opposed by another Jewish candidate of extreme Left. 21. Deputation selected by Jews to place wreath at monument of Czar Alexander III to be unveiled at Moscow. Czar thanks State Councillor Lazar Poliakoff for activity in connection with erection of Museum for Fine Arts, Moscow, in name of late Emperor. 28. " Real Russians" accuse Jews of assault on an unpopular Director of a gymnasium at Tcherkassi, by a mob. Telegrams, asking for strong action against Jews, despatched to St. Petersburg. 28. Distinguished lawyers and political leaders advocate re-examination of Beilis case. 28. Meeting at Kieff of Society of Friends of Peace adopts resolution protesting against ritual murder accusation. 28. Opposition deputies in Duma advocate speedy disposal of ritual murder accusation, pointing out harm to Russia's prestige by protests of civilized world. Motion to consider ritual murder interpellation lost. 28. Local newspaper of Rostoff (on the Don) confiscated for statement that it was imperative to revise the Beilis case inquiry. 28. Motion adopted by Duma, 104 votes to 88, prohibiting Jews from receiving scholarships as medical students, on condition of practicing a certain period in Siberia. First time in Russian legislation expression " persons born as Jews " used in this Bill, instead of usual " persons of the Jewish faith." 178 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

RUSSIA (continued) June 28. Duma Committee rejects bill providing for State mo- nopoly of grain export. Measure chiefly aimed at Jewish merchants. 28. Dr. Silverstein, Lodz, and Dr. Hindes, Rovno, announce candidacy for Duma. 28. " Real Russian " Bank established in aid of " Russifica- tion of Commerce " scheme declared bankrupt. 28. Minister of Interior practically nullifies recent Sena- torial restriction prohibiting Jews from trading in villages by limiting operation of order of Senate to provinces of Vitebsk and Moghileff on ground of their special status. 28. Delegation, headed by State Councillor Avdakoff, will submit to Premier further representations of Council of Russian Commercial and Industrial Conference against anti-Jewish laws of residence. 28. Prohibition of Sunday trading at Rovno abolished as injurious to trade. Following petition of Kishineff Munici- pal Executive to include suburb Rishkanovka in town area, the Kherson Zemstvo resolves to support peasant petition to convert villages of Poltavka, Otbedva, and Snigirevka into townlets in order to allow Jews to reside in them. 28. Jewish booksellers from the Pale refused permission to attend Booksellers' Conference at St. Petersburg. 28. The Slonim Court sentences Advocate Jacobsohn, member of First Duma, to pay one hundred roubles fine or be imprisoned one month for using a Russian first name. 28. Upper House rejects Universal Education Bill on account of alleged slight to church schools, which are free from Jews; action part of scheme to prevent Jews attending educational institutions in order " to limit their evil influence on Russian students." 28. Kishineff Jewish doctors of local hospital, Gisfiner and Raichenberg, created by Czar Collegiate Councillors, and Dr. Polski, of Beletzk Jewish Hospital, given rank of Collegiate Assessor.

NECROLOGY 1911 July 15. Eliezer Simcha Rabinowitsch, Rabbi and author, Kal- varia, aged 80. 17. Joshua Levenson, author, Riga, aged 84. 21. Abraham Soliwichek, Rabbi, Smolensk, aged 81. Sept. 8. Salmen Traub, Rabbi, Keidan. Oct. 6. V. Harkavi, communal worker, Moscow, at Heidelberg, Germany, aged 67. A LIST OF EVENTS IN 5672 AND NECROLOGY 179

RUSSIA (.continued) 1912 Jan. 5. Joseph Chaim Prager, Rabbi, Warsaw, aged 78. 26. M. Pampulov, Karaite Haham, Mayor, Eupatoria, aged 83. 27. Pauline Bauman, philanthropist, Warsaw, aged 96. Feb. 2. Eliokum Getzil, Maggid of Brisk, Lithuania. Mch. 8. M. Ussischkin, father of Zionist leader, Odessa. 19. Max Emanuel Mandelstamm, oculist and communal worker, Kieff, aged 74. May 10. Elijah Chaim Maizel, Rabbi, Lodz, aged 91. 24. M. Griliches, senior designer of coins and medals at Im- perial Mint, St. Petersburg. June 21. M. G. Morgolius, author and communal leader, Odessa, aged 75. TURKEY AND PALESTINE 1911 July 20. Jewish Morning Journal, New York City, reports that Turkish Government issues orders to Governor of Jerusa- lem to facilitate naturalization of Jews as Ottoman citizens. 24. Fire in Balata district of Constantinople destroys Boys' and Girls' Schools of Alliance Israelite, four synagogues, and one thousand houses, about six hundred inhabited by Jews. Aug. 11. Relief Committee formed by Chief Rabbi, Constanti- nople, to aid victims of recent fire. 11. Grand Vizier Hakki Bey sends telegram thanking Tenth Zionist Congress, Basle, Switzerland, on behalf of Turkish Government for generous contribution for relief of sufferers in recent fire at Constantinople. 25. Fire at Ai'din destroys residences of six hundred Jewish families. 25. Israel Chazan appointed by Government rector of faculty of jurisprudence at University of Salonica. 25. Valuable library belonging to Epoca, Salonica, destroyed by fire. Sept. 1. Jewish community, Haifa, Palestine, sends delegates to Constantinople to petition Government to stop anti-Jewish intrigues of journal Carmel. 1. Isaac Effendi Yeshoua, Department Chief, Ministry for War, Constantinople, appointed Inspector in Macedonia, and decorated. Joseph Effendi Salem appointed Consul for Turkey at Patras (Greece). 8. New Governor of Jerusalem directed by Grand Vizier to ensure safety of Jewish colonies in Galilee. 180 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

TURKEY AND PALESTINE (continued) Sept. 8. Abraham Effendi Farhi, Director of Foreign Press Bureau at Sublime Porte, appointed Consul-General for Turkey at Boston, Mass. 15. Report that Turkish Government permits Jewish Co- lonial Trust to incorporate an Agrarian Bank in Palestine. 23. Arabs assault about sixty worshippers at religious service on Rosh Hashanah at Wailing Wall. 25. Forty-two Jews flee from Tripoli to Malta. Oct. 13. Four thousand Italian subjects, in Salonica, nearly all Jews, fearing expulsion, leave at outbreak of Turco-Italian War. 14. Cablegram to New York Sun: " Fifteen thousand Turk- ish troops sent to Palestine." 15. At suggestion of David Levontin, Director of Anglo- Palestine Bank, Jews assemble to pray for welfare of Sultan and victory of Turkish Army. 20. American Jewish Community of Jerusalem resolve to ask Jews in United States to effect repeal of clause of naturalization laws providing for expatriation of natu- ralized American citizens residing abroad. 20. Owing to increased use of Hebrew in Jerusalem, police authorities require men on service in Jewish quarter to speak Hebrew. Nov. 3. Hundreds of Jews made destitute by flood at Serres, Salonica. 3. Chief Rabbi, in cooperation with Patriarchs of Christian churches, who have similar grievance, takes measures to prevent conversion of Jewish girls in Salonica to Moham- medanism. 10. Press Department of Zionist Central Bureau, Berlin, denies report that Chief Rabbi of Tripoli had telegraphed to Rome welcoming Italians. Chief Rabbi of Turkey declares there has been for long time no Chief Rabbi in Tripoli. 10. Rabbi Moses Franco, of Rhodes, made Chief Rabbi of Jerusalem. 11. Colony Petach-Tikwah passes resolution to contribute one thousand francs to Ottoman military authorities as subscription toward defence of country. 13. Waad of Jewish community of Safed votes twenty thousand francs to war fund. 15. Jewish Music School opens, Jerusalem. 24. Readers of Damascus newspaper Muktebis, which recently attacked Jews, in memorandum to Grand Vizier condemn attitude of paper. Editor of Armenian news- A LIST OF EVENTS IN 5672 AND NECROLOGY 181

TURKEY AND PALESTINE (continued) paper Zaghik ordered to announce in Constantinople papers that his journal has been suspended and himself fined owing to attacks upon Jews. Editor of Turkish paper Hikmet, which insulted Jews in an open letter to Sultan, banished from Constantinople. Dec. 1. From profits of wine industry, Jewish colonists In Rishon-le-Zion and Zichron-Jacob, Palestine, make a substantial repayment (400,000 francs) to Baron Edmond de Rothschild on loan of over 2,000,000 francs made several years ago. 1. Jerusalem branch of Red Crescent receives contribution of one thousand francs from Anglo-Palestine Company, Jaffa, towards fund for relief of Turkish soldiers wounded in Tripoli. 8. Jews of Palestine organize a " Red Magen David" society, with purpose of sending physicians and nurses to Tripoli. 8. Colonists of Rishon-le-Zion, victims of robberies and attacks, send deputation to Governor of Jerusalem, who promises redress. 16. Educational institutions in Jaffa raise fund, which is remitted to Ottoman Navy League. 29. Chamber of Commerce, Salonica, renders decision that Jewish porters need not work on Sabbath. 1912 Jan. 5. Joseph Abraham Shalom, India, reported to have be- queathed five hundred and fifty thousand dollars to be used for erection in Jerusalem of a Beth ha-Midrash, Yeshibah, and dwellings for learned men. 5. Selim Amram Effendi elected by Jews in Yemen to Turk- ish Chamber of Deputies. 5. L6on Daron, chemist, Constantinople, elected member Municipal Council of Galata district. 5. Beho-r Effendi Alfandari, Damascus, promoted Captain, and appointed Chief Chemist at Military Hospital. 5. Jewish contractor, Haifa, awarded part of contract for construction of railway line between Haifa and St. Jean d'Acre. 12. Die Welt reports erection of Jewish Technical Institute, Haifa, has been permitted by special iradg of Sultan. 19. Jacques Danon, Adrianople, appointed Assistant Chief Director at Stamboul. 19. Salomon Tagger, Rabbi, Tashkend, Bokhara, appointed Chief Rabbi of Bagdad. 182 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

TURKEY AND PALESTINE (continued) Jan. 26. Town Council of Tiberias grants concession for control of thermal waters to Jewish company. 26. Constantinople Beth Din reorganized. 26. At second conference of Judean agricultural laborers, Petach-Tikwah, general organization founded. 26. Anti-Jewish paper Carmel, published at Haifa, suspends publication. 31. Resignation of Chief Rabbi Nahoum announced. Feb. 2. Serious conflict between Jewish colonists in Palestine and the Arabs reported. Three colonists said to have been killed and seven wounded. 2. Chief Rabbi protests to Minister of Justice and Public Worship against removal of seats before Wailing Wall, Jerusalem. Protest of Jerusalem Chief Rabbi Franco ignored by Governor. 2. Loan fund established in Jerusalem, in memory of late Chief Rabbi Salant, for benefit of small Jewish artisans and shopkeepers. Mch. 1. Nissim Roditi Bey, Consul-General for Turkey at Ant- werp, elected member of Society of International History in Paris, and receives gold medal. 1. Council of Ministers refuse to accept resignation of Chief Rabbi and authorize him to exercise complete control over Jewish Community. 8. Government, in response to appeal of Chief Rabbi, in- creases annual subsidy to Jewish hospital, Or Achaim, Constantinople, from two thousand three hundred to three thousand six hundred francs. 8. Number of Yemenite Jews arrive in Palestine intending to settle as agricultural laborers in Jewish colonies, particularly at Petach-Tikwah. 15. London Daily Chronicle states that special commission recommends acceptance chief part of Sir William Will- cock's irrigation project in Mesopotamia, cost of which will be three million pounds. 15. Decree of Ministry of the Interior to Governor of Jerusa- lem permits Jews to place benches and light candles in front of Wailing Wall. 22. Administration of Public Debt at Broussa, Asia Minor, abolishes arbitrary tax imposed only on certain category of Jewish merchants. 24. Nathan Straus, New York City, gives communal leaders, Jerusalem, one thousand francs per day for two months to provide food for destitute, gives large sum to Agri- cultural Experiment Station for eradication of malaria, A LIST OF EVENTS IN 5672 AND NECROLOGY 183

TURKEY AND PALESTINE (continued) and orders from Bezalel School of Arts and Crafts goods amounting to $30,000. Purchases land near Rachel's Tomb. Men. 27. A Jew, for first time, receives appointment as officer in Turkish Army, upon graduation from Imperial Military Academy. Apl. 27. Fire at Damascus ruins many Jewish families. May 3. Vittoli Effendi Fradji, Constantinople, Ezekiel Effendi Sassoon, Bagdad, Nissim Effendi Mazliach, Smyrna, and Emanuel Effendi Karasa, Salonica, re-elected to Turkish Parliament. 3. Jewish population of Silivria and surrounding villages boycotted by Greeks. 3. Anti-Jewish disturbances in Yemen. Several Jews mur- dered. 17. Representations made by Chief Rabbi to Greek Patriarch against boycott of Jews at Silivria by Greeks being in- effective, Chief Rabbi reports matter to Minister of In- terior, who threatens to dismiss the Governor of Silivria, a Greek, if he is found responsible for boycott. 24. Colony of young people, Kehillath Jacob, established near Jerusalem. 24. Chief Rabbi protests to Minister of Lands against difficulties with which authorities in Palestine continue to sur- round transfer of land to Jews. 24. Minister of Interior, in response to representations made by Chief Rabbi, gives telegraphic instructions to military and civil authorities in Yemen to take energetic measures for protection of Jews. 24. Zix Bey Matalon appointed Inspector of Finance for Vilayets of Janina and Scutari in Albania; Ferid Bey Asseo for the Vilayets of Van and Bitlis, also Commis- sioner for Political Reform in same; and Zaki Bey Hayon, for the Vilayet of Erzeroum. 24. Jewish agriculturists of Galilean colonies meet at Sedjera and discuss measures for improving conditions and procuring protection for Yemenites. June 7. Seven Jews of Cooperative Colony at Merhawya, Pales- tine, charged with death of an Arab, acquitted after de- tention in prison a year. 7. Anti-Jewish newspaper Carmel resumes publication at Haifa. 7. Emanuel Effendi Karasa, deputy of Turkish Chamber, elected Senator. 28. Council of Jewish Community, Constantinople, after conflict of four months, resigns in a body, following resignation of two of its members. 184 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

TURKEY AND PALESTINE (continued) June 28. Elias Effendi Afoumado, member of Municipal Council, Constantinople, elected Mayor of Haskeui, centre of Jewish population. 28. The Sheikh-ul-Islam promises that Religious Council of Jerusalem would issue authorization to Jews, to pray before Western Wall and forbidding Municipal Council to interfere in matters affecting liberty of conscience. 28. Baumann Pasha appointed by Imperial decree Re- organizer-General of Gendarmerie to which he has been attached for five years. 28. Authorities at Bagdad limit to four per cent number of Jews admitted to military schools, basing percentage not on population of Bagdad but of whole Ottoman Empire.

1911 NECROLOGY Aug. 18. Jacob Florentin, merchant, Salonica. Sept. 1. I. B. Saphir, Sub-Director of Anglo-Palestine Company at Jaffa, Palestine, aged 40. Oct. 31. Daoud Effendi Molho, Ottoman Diplomatic Staff, Con- stantinople, aged 67. Nov. 3. Israel Feinberg, founder of Rishon-le-Zion and Katra colonies, at Hedera, Palestine. 1912 Mar 22. Rabbi Sholem, Jerusalem, aged 107. April 5. Abraham Effendi Fresco, contractor to Turkish War Office and communal worker, Constantinople, at Nice, Italy, aged 63. June 21. Jacques Behmoiras, communal worker, Adrianople, aged 48.

OTHER COUNTRIES 1911 July 14. Emanuel Loewy, University of Rome, appointed by Italian Government President of Executive of Inter- national Archeological Congress, Rome. 16. Eighty-five destitute Jews of Shiraz, Persia, desiring to go to Palestine, appeal for assistance. 21. Emperor of Austria-Hungary confers Knights' Cross of Francis Joseph Order on Arthur Loefkovitz, member of Town Council and Honorary Director of Municipal Museum of Debreczin; title of Royal Hungarian Court Councillor on Heinrich Baumgarten, General-Director of Danube Shipbuilding Company, and raises Horace Landau, Vienna, to nobility. A LIST OF EVENTS IN 5672 AND NECROLOGY 185

OTHER COUNTRIES (continued) July 21. Joseph Sare, Court Councillor, elected Vice-President of City Council of Cracow. 28. King of Spain, who exercises sovereignty in Mellila, Morocco, replies favorably to petition of Jews who pay taxes and serve in army for equal rights. Liberal press of Spain commends King's attitude, and hopes for annul- ment of discriminatory laws still in force against Jews of Spain. Aug. 4. Samuel Oppenheimer, Prague University, elected Pro- fessor of astronomy at University of Vienna. 11. Attack on Shehitah made at Animal Protection Con- gress, Copenhagen, Denmark. 13. Tenth Zionist Congress, Basle, Switzerland, adopts resolution to establish a Zionist immigration office in Berlin to divert immigration to Palestine. 15. Zionist Congress elects Professor Otto Warburg, Dr. Hantke, Dr. Shmaryahu Levin, Nahum Sokolow, and Dr. Victor Jacobsohn to succeed David Wolffsohn to preside over affairs. 21. Ludwig L. Zamenhof, Antwerp, Belgium, originator of Esperanto, receives Cross of Order of Isabella from King of Spain. 25. Ritual murder charge revived in Galicia and Roumania. 25. King of Greece decorates Professor Theodor Gompertz with Order Grand Commander of Order of the Savior. 25. Barons Alphonse and Louis de Rothschild, Vienna, give fifty thousand Austrian crowns for relief of families suffering through floods in Bukovina. 25. Moritz Sachs, oculist, Vienna, Austria, appointed Pro- fessor Extraordinary at University of Vienna. Sept. (beginning). Deputation of prominent citizens protest to City Council of Vienna against failure to promote Dr. Ludwig Klaar, District Chief Medical Officer. 1. Premier of Roumania receives Jewish deputation at Bucharest, who request relief from political disfranchisement of several hundreds of Jews in the Dobrudscha. 8. Alfred Stern, Vienna, Austria, celebrates eightieth anniversary of birth. 8. Khedive confers title Bey on David Zukar, Alexandria, Egypt. 8. Emperor of Austria confers Order of Iron Crown, Third Class, on Dr. Ignaz Kunos, Director of Oriental Commercial Academy, and Knights' Cross of Order of Francis Joseph on Adolph Strauss, Professor at same Academy. 8. Jewish Community of Cracow, Galicia, refuses to accept large bequest because testator was an apostate. 186 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

OTHER COUNTRIES (continued) Sept. 15. Interpellation in Hungarian Chamber of Deputies on army officer's insult, " Hands up, Jews! " at Vienna, Austria. 15. King of Italy makes Commander Guido, Rava, Sforni, Mantua, and Signor Sereni, President of Jewish Com- munity, Rome, Grand Officers of Crown of Italy. 22. Emperor Francis Joseph confers title of Regierungsrat upon Professor Enoch H. Kisch, Prague. 22. Emperor of Abyssinia confers Commandership of Order of Ethiopia on Signor Nathan, Mayor of Rome. 23. Anti-Jewish demonstrations, at Sofia, Bulgaria; in response to representations by Chief Rabbi, police instructed to repress further disorders. 29. Leopold Fijer appointed Ordinary Professor Higher Mathematics, University of Budapest. Oct. (beginning). Senator Professor Pio Foa, elected President of International Pathological Congress, at Turin. 2. Municipality of Alexandria, Egypt, for first time closes offices on Yom Kippur. Banks, counting-houses, ware- houses, and Bourse also close. 6. On occasion of seventieth birthday, deputation from Municipality of Budapest waits on Chief Rabbi Kohn to offer congratulations. 9. Cablegram to Jewish Morning Journal, New York, that Signor Luigi Luzzatti resigns as Premier of Italy, because of secret preparations for war against Turkey with object of securing Tripoli. 13. Isidor Baumgarten appointed President of Senate at Royal Curia, highest Court of Justice in Hungary, (middle). Four Jews elected members of Town Council of Sofia, Bulgaria. 20. Emperor Francis Joseph raises to hereditary Hungarian nobility Moi'se Cattaui Pasha, President of the Austro- Hungarian Benevolent Society, Cairo, and Leo Heller, Vice- President of the same. 20. Emperor Francis Joseph appoints Markus Huszar, Director of Finances at Ogulin, near Fiume. 20. Albert Frankfurter and Leopold Kronberger, Austria, receive title of Court Councillor. 20. Committee formed at Groningen, Netherlands, birthplace of late Josef Israels, to raise memorial to him. 20. Ernst Schneider, notorious anti-Semite, appointed Chief of Education Department for Lower Austria. Nov. 3. Deputation of Union of Native Jews wait on King of Roumania, and present memorial, pointing out that situa- A LIST OF EVENTS IN 5672 AND NECROLOGY 187

OTHER COUNTRIES (continued) tion of native Jews since 1904, when deputation last waited on King, has not improved, and praying for the amelioration of their condition. Nov. 3. Jewish teacher in Government School for Girls at Volo, Greece, dismissed as not qualified to instruct Christian children. 3. Professor Mahler compelled to resign from University of Prague because of adherence to Zionist movement. 3. Philipp Klein, Budapest, Hungary, created Royal Coun- sellor by Emperor of Austria. 10. Queen of Holland appoints Dr. A. CouvSe, Officer of Order of Orange-Nassau. 17. Christian and Jewish lawyers resent anti-Jewish out- burst of magistrate during trial at Sanok, Galicia, and refuse to appear in future in any cases to be heard by him. 19-20. First Hebrew Congress in Lemberg, Galicia. Dec. 1. Queen of Holland appoints T. M. C. Asser member of committee to formulate Government's proposals to Inter- national Committee making arrangements for third Peace Conference at the Hague. 8. Emperor appoints Josef Banoczi to be Ordinary Pro- fessor of Hungarian Literature and History at University of Budapest. 10. Emperor appoints Dr. Desiderius Markus Judge of Royal Curia, highest Court of Justice in Hungary. 15. Nobel Peace Prize for 1911 awarded jointly to Professor Tobias Michael Carel Asser, Holland, and Alfred Her- mann Fried, of Berlin. 15. Robert Lederer, Vienna, appointed Vice-Consul for Austria and Hungary at Manchester, England. 15. Emperor of Austria confers title of Court Councillor on Dr. Julius Schlag, Director of Archives at Ministry of Railways. 15. Italian Government appoints Latis Bey, Alexandria, Chevalier of Order of Crown of Italy. 19. Neue Freie Presse, Vienna, publishes article by Dr. Armand Kaminka, on American agitation on passport question and urges that England, Germany, and Austria take action on question. 22. Report that in response to joint representations by foreign Ambassadors, Turkish Government repeals order expelling Italian subjects, majority of whom are Levantine Jews. 22. Hymans van den Bergh appointed Professor of Medicine at University of Groningen, Holland. 188 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

OTHER COUNTRIES (continued) Dec. 25. Liberal members of Austrian Parliament decide to introduce Jewish passport question, and to demand that Russia be compelled to recognize passports issued to Austrian Jews. 29. Emperor of Austria confers Commander's Cross of Francis Joseph Order on Court Councillor Emil Kuranda. 1912 Jan. (beginning). In audience with King Charles of Roumania, Rabbi Nemirower of Jassy and others complain of discriminatory laws against Jews and especially against proposed Industries Bill, intended to drive Jews out of all industries. Dr. Nemirower appeals also for abolition of oath more Judaico, still enforced in some law courts. 5. Roumanian Ministry introduces Bill in Parliament providing that in all industrial establishments only twenty- five per cent of employees may be " strangers," i. e. Jews. 6. King of Italy confers Knighthood of Order of Crown on Abraham Eblagon, Chief Rabbi, Crete. 12. Council of Jewish Community of Cracow demands that presidents of five Jewish communities of Cracow be members ex-officio of Galician Diet. 12. Dr. Chajes, Florence, appointed Chief Rabbi, Trieste. 13. Royal Court of Appeal, Florence, Italy, upholds decision of Civil Tribunal rejecting suit brought by one hundred and fourteen Jews to have constitution of Jewish Com- munal Council declared invalid. 19. The Adeverul, discussing Jewish question, demands that in proposed revision of Constitution Roumanian Jews be given equal rights. 19. Town Council of Sofia, Bulgaria, decides to increase its annual subventions to Jewish schools. 19. On initiative of Jewish Colonization Association, national European Jewish organizations cooperate for amelioration of economic, social, and educational conditions of Jews of Galicia. 20. Professor Paul Bujor, University of Jassy, Roumania, refuses to accept medal awarded him by Minister of Public Instruction because similar medal has been awarded to Professor A. C. Cuza, anti-Jewish agitator. 26. Emperor of Austria confers Order of Iron Crown, Third Class, on Julius Stern, editor of Fremdenblatt, Vienna. 26. Jacques Suares, Portuguese Consul at Alexandria, appointed director of Consulate-General. 26. Central Jewish Consistory, Bulgaria, convenes Congress of Jewish Communities to draft constitution for religious organizations of kingdom. A LIST OF EVENTS IN 5672 AND NECROLOGY 189

OTHER COUNTRIES (continued) Jan. 26. Hungarian Government creates two chairs for Talmud and Talmudical Literature at University of Budapest. Professor Leopold Huber designated Professor of one and Dr. Ludwig Blau of other. 26. Commander Amerigo Nachmias appointed Chief of Sec- tion of Technical Instruction, and Dr. Riccardo Artom, Chief of Section of Fine Arts and Antiquarian Research, in reorganized Ministry of Education, Italy. Feb. 1. M. Cattaui, Alexandria, elected President, Baron Jacques de Menasce, Administrator, and M. Alfred SuarSs, member of Board of Directors of Credit Foncier Egyptien. 2. Contract for construction of new port at Tripoli awarded by Italian Government to Jewish firm of Almagia, Rome. 2. Order of Savoy conferred by King of Italy on Com- mander Montalcini, Chief of the Secretariat of Chamber of Deputies. 9. Georg Brandes receives from King of Denmark the Gold Medal for Merit on occasion of seventieth birthday. 9. Egyptian Cabinet confers title of Bey on Claude Rolo in Egyptian civil service. 9. Victor Mosseri, agricultural engineer, Cairo, appointed member of Government Commission to devise measures for prevention of damage to cotton. 16. Barons Alfons, Louis, and Eugen de Rothschild, of Vienna, commemorate first anniversary of their father's death by giving one million crowns for benefit of working classes, and for founding an orphanage at Wittkowitz, and two hundred thousand crowns for building of surgical wing at Mahrisch-Ostrau. 16. Court of Cassation, Roumania, issues decree forbidding administration of oath more Judaico. 16. City Council of Rotterdam forbids use of Jewish method of slaughtering animals by Christian butchers. 16. King of Roumania confers Grand Officer's Cross of Crown Order on Felix Kuranda, Director of Vienna Bank- verein. 16. G. Valensin Bey, member of Municipal Council, Alex- andria, appointed Commander of Order of St. Maurice and St. Lazarus by King of Italy. 23. Bill introduced in Portuguese Congress providing for cession of land to Jewish emigrants to Angola, Portuguese West Africa. 23. Moritz Rothkopf, Vienna, elected President of Chamber of Advocates, Serajevo, which makes him ex-officio a member of Diet of Bosnia and Herzegovina. 190 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

OTHER COUNTRIES (continued) Feb. 23. Jews at Kustendil, Bulgaria, attacked and nine injured by mob. 25. Jacob Tauber, Chief Rabbi of Prerau, made honorary citizen by municipality of Eibenschtitz. Mch. 1. David Ritter von Gutmann gives three million kronen for building hospital in Vienna, primarily for Jewish children. 1. King of Italy confers Knight's Cross of Crown of Italy on Dr. Cesare Pegna, Florence. 1. Minister of Education, Italy, appoints Gustave Castel- bolognese, Rabbi at Cuneo, Professor of Literature at High School in Fossano. 8. Strong movement on foot in Austria for liberation of Leopold Hilsner, convicted over ten years ago on ritual murder charge. 8. Marco Besso, Trieste, and Errea Cavalieri, Ferrara, elected Senators, Italy. 8. Town of Zante in Greek Archipelago devastated by earthquake. Jewish quarter completely ruined, more than one hundred families homeless. 15. Six hundred delegates attend Conference of Jewish Com- munities, Budapest, Hungary; methods to bring about har- mony among Orthodox and Reform congregations. 16. Austrian Imperial Academy of Science in recognition of original research work grants honorariums to Dr. R. Engel- mann, Vienna, Dr. A. Ginzberger, Fraulein Dr. Emma Stiasny, Dr. Heinrich Reichel, and Dr. F. Hess. 22. Funeral of Regula, murderer of family of three Jews at Miskolcz, Hungary, made occasion of anti-Jewish demonstration. 29. "With approach of municipal elections, Christian Social- ists, seeking re-election, organize anti-Jewish demonstrations in Vienna. 29. Emperor confers seat in Austrian House of Lords upon Leopold Sachs, banker, Vienna. 29. Jewish community in Tripoli, by decree of King of Italy, empowered to effect organization. 29. Major-General Coen, commanding brigade at Ravenna, on retirement appointed Grand Officer of Order of Crown of Italy. Apl. 5. Professor Dr. Wilhelm Bacher, hitherto Rector of Jew- ish Theological Seminary of Budapest, appointed by Em- peror, on recommendation of Hungarian Minister of Public Worship and Instruction, Director for life of the same Seminary, this being the first time such an appointment to a Jewish Seminary is made by a monarch. A LIST OP EVENTS IN 5672 AND NECROLOGY 191

OTHER COUNTRIES (continued) Apl. 12. Council of Jewish Community, Rome, elects Rabbi Dr. Angelo Sacerdoti Chief Rabbi. 12. Elio Melli, President of Provincial Council of Ferrara, appointed by King of Italy Commander of Order of Italian Crown. 19. Emperor Francis Joseph confers Gold Cross of Merit with Crown on Rabbi Pinkas Bichler, Moor, Hungary. 19. Emperor of Austria confers title of Ordinary Professor on Dr. Max Neuburger, Extraordinary Professor of His- tory of Medicine at University of Vienna. Dr. Otto Zucker- kandl appointed Extraordinary Professor for Surgery, and Dr. Julius Rothberger, Extraordinary Professor for Gen- eral and Experimental Pathology. Emperor confers Knights' Cross of Francis Joseph Order on Siegmund Schwartz, Briinn. 26. Sigmund Rona appointed Director of Royal Meteoro- logical Institute in Budapest, Hungary. 26. Ashkenazic Colony in Cairo, Egypt, comprising about six hundred families, endeavors to become autonomous by separating from the larger community. 26. Emperor of Austria confers Order of the Iron Cross, Third Class, on Dr. Gustav Kohn. 26. King of Italy confers grade of Officer of the Order of the Italian Crown on Dr. Geremia Fua. May 3. Dr. Gino Modigliani, of Milan, gives 100,000 lire to Italian Government for publication of national edition of works of Leonardo da Vinci. 10. Anti-Jewish agitators, Bohemia, bring charge of ritual murder against Jews. 10. Jacob Chalom, Alexandria, Egypt, appointed Inspector- General of Customs. 14. Tomb of Samuel Manasseh Ben Israel restored at the Middelburg Portuguese Cemetery, Holland. 17. Conference at Sofia, Bulgaria, of representatives of Jewish Communities decides to call a Congress of Bul- garian Jews. Prime Minister gives audience to Confer- ence. 17. Azeglio Policarpo Bemporad, Professor of astronomy, appointed Director of the Observatory at Naples. 24. University of Athens, Greece, confers honorary degree of Doctor of Laws on Paul Ehrlich, Frankfort, and Alfred Philippson, Bonn. June 2. Report that ITO Commission examines Bill on colonization of Angola, and submits amendment to Parliament. 13 192 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

OTHER COUNTRIES (continued) Portuguese Government continues to favor scheme, and is reported to be prepared to give Jews extensive con- cessions. June 7. Emperor of Austria ennobles Imperial Councillor Moritz Doctor. 8. Solomon Spitzer, Cracow, Galicia, first Jew appointed Director of Public School. 14. Behor Morzukos, sub-director of telegraph office at Corfu, Greece, decorated by German Emperor. 14. Dr. Farbstein, Jewish nationalist worker, appointed Judge of Swiss Court of Cassation. First Jew to receive this appointment. 14. Khedive, Egypt, on birthday, confers titles and honors on Max Herz Pasha, President of the Committee for the Preservation of Monuments of Arabic Art; JacquesChalom Bey, Inspector of Customs at Alexandria; Herzer Bey, In- spector of Government Archives; Drs. Goodman and Ru- dolph Amster and Dr. Hillel Farhi. 14. Central Committee of Galician Zionist Federation issues appeal for a building fund of £4000 for Hebrew gymnasium in Jerusalem. 14. Baron von Hertling, Bavarian Prime Minister, officially promises to introduce Bill dealing with reorganization of Jewish communities in Bavaria, the edict of 1813 being antiquated. 16. The Neue Jiidische Korrespondenz, Cologne, announces that Portuguese Chamber of Deputies unanimously adopts Bill for Jewish Colonization of Angola plateau. 21. Emperor of Austria raises Imperial Councillor Moritz Doctor to rank of nobility. 21. Emperor of Austria appoints Michael Holzmann, Chief Librarian of University of Vienna. 21. Edgardo Lusena, Florence, Italy, organizes Conference of National Federation of Italian Bar, at Ministry of Jus- tice, Rome, and acts as Secretary-General. 21. Austrian Reichsrath adopts resolution proposed by the Czech Social-Democrat Schmeral, that political, national, and religious considerations shall not be taken into account in appointment of functionaries. 24. T. M. C. Asser, Netherlands Minister of State, elected President of International Conference on the Check Sys- tem at The Hague. 24. In an encyclical addressed to Roman Catholic Bishops of Central America, Pope Pius recommends that the Arch- bishops make every exertion in favor of " unfortunate Jews in these immense regions," and reproaches the Episcopate for neglecting this sphere so long. A LIST OF EVENTS IN 5672 AND NECROLOGY 193

OTHER COUNTRIES (continued) June 28. Zionists obtain victory in elections to Municipal Coun- cils of Zloczow, Tarnopol, and Stryj, Galicia. 28. Jews of Lemberg, Galicia, compel closing of moving picture theatre which exhibited caricatures of Jews and scenes of Kishineff pogroms. 28. Chamber of Commerce and Industry of Lower Austria adopts resolution of Dr. Paul Hammerschlag, member of Council of Chamber, requesting Ministry for Foreign Affairs tc make representations to Russian Government, with view to abolition of restrictions imposed on Jews desiring to travel in Russia, and asking Ministry to support similar steps which have been or may be taken by other Powers. 28. Sam Wiener re-elected Senator for Brussels and Herbert Speyer elected Senator for Province of Belgian Luxem- burg, at General Elections. 28. Treasury of Corporation of Vienna receives sum of eight million Austrian crowns ($2,000,000) from estate of late Baron Albert de Rothschild for general benevolent fund. 28. Professor Scipio Sighele resigns membership of Execu- tive Committee of National party, Italy, on account of anti-Jewish attitude of some colleagues. 28. Lopez Fever, Spanish Consul at Tetuan, convenes special meeting of local Jews and recommends establishment of a Hispano-Jewish Association, promising its recognition by a royal decree. 27-30. Jewish Territorial Organization at annual meeting Vienna, Austria, passes resolution thanking Portuguese Chamber of Deputies for offer of land in Angola to Jewish colonists, but regretting the impossibility of recommending individual colonists to undertake a task which could be successfully carried out only by an organization.

NECROLOGY 1911 July (beginning). Adolf Lilien, financier and philanthropist, Lemberg, Galicia. 14. Alfred Chalom, communal worker, Cairo, Egypt, aged 59. 21. Yehouda Jarmon, Rabbi, Tunis, aged 104. 21. Simon Gruenwald, communal worker, Grosswardein, Hungary. Aug. (beginning). Vittorio Castiglioni, Chief Rabbi, Rome, Italy, aged 71. 11. Isaac Reich, Rabbi, Szamos, Hungary, aged 117. 194 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

OTHER COUNTRIES (continued) Aug. 12. Josef Israels, painter, Scheveningen, Holland, aged 88. (middle). Ignaz Kallberg, former President of Produce Exchange, Prague, Bohemia. 19. Louis Frankel, Director Commercial Bank, Stockholm, Sweden. 25. Karl Schwab Edler von Gavosdia, first Jewish member of House of Magnates, Gavosdia, Hungary, aged 84. Sept. 1. Jonas Baron, Chief Surgeon Jewish Hospital, Budapest, Hungary. 6. Wilhelm Herzog, editor of Korrespondenz Herzog, Vienna, Austria, aged 65. 7. Moses Freudeger de Obuda, communal worker, Budapest, Hungary, aged 78. 15. Giacobbe Rava, oculist and lecturer, University of Milan, Italy, aged 73. 15. B61a Guttmann, Chief Cantor of Jewish Community, Vienna, Austria. 15. Moritz Fuchsgelb, publisher of Armee-und-Marine-Zeit- ung, Vienna, Austria, aged 70. (middle). Max Rhoden, physician, Oderberg, Austria, aged 62. Oct. 6. Moritz Koritschoner, Director of Imperial and Royal Austrian Landerbank, Vienna, Austria. 14. Adalbert Pokorny, Town Councillor, Iglau, Moravia, aged 67. 16. Joseph Hirsch Diinner, Chief Rabbi, Amsterdam, Hol- land, aged 79. 20. Behor Azaria, communal worker, Sofia, Bulgaria, aged 38. 30. Lazar Samuel, Court Councillor, Budapest, Hungary. Nov. 3. Samuel Rokeach, Rabbi, Sakolo, Galicia, aged 64. 3. Leopold Herzel, Director of Jewish High School, Brody, Austria, aged 77. 14. Bernhard Gruenwald, former departmental chief at Hungarian Ministry of Interior, Budapest, Hungary, aged 82. 18. Phillip Singer, Burgomaster, Ungarisch-Brod, Hungary, aged 97. 23. Josef Singer, Imperial Councillor and Chief Cantor, Vienna, aged 70. Dec. 8. Gustav Steinbach, journalist, Vienna, aged 63. 15. Abbe1 Pietro Perreau, Hebraist, Florence, Italy, aged 84. 22. Adam Safflr, Imperial and Government Councillor, Vienna, Austria, aged 55. 22. Philipp Weinmann, Court Councillor, Budapest, Hun- gary. 27. Bernhard Pollack, Edler von Parnan, Vienna, Austria, aged 65. A LIST OF EVENTS IN 5672 AND NECROLOGY 195

OTHER COUNTRIES (continued) 1912 Jan. 5. Giacomo Naggiar, communal worker, Alexandria, aged 75. 19. Eugen Ritter von Kahler, painter, Prague, aged 30. 24. Michael Cohen, Rabbi, Budapest, Hungary. 26. Hermann Breitner, communal worker and Knight of Order of Francis Joseph, Austria, aged 87. Feb. 2. Chief Rabbi of Monnor, Hungary. 2. Emil Jonas, Danish Privy Councillor, Weissensee, aged 87. 2. Adele Lowehstein, ne'e Baroness Popper von Podraghy, Baden, near Vienna, Austria. 7. Jacob Silberstein, Imperial Councillor and President of Jewish Congregation at Teschen, Vienna, Austria, aged 62. 9. Samuel Kohn, Rabbi, Budapest, Hungary, aged 72. 14. Philip A. Focshaneanu, communal worker, Bucharest, Roumania, aged 80. 16. Dr. Caro, lecturer on History to Faculty of Letters at University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland. 17. Nathan Ehrenfeld, Rabbi, Prague, Austria, aged 70. Mch. 15. Joseph Ruff, physician, Carlsbad, Austria, aged 66. 15. M. Schnirer, philanthropist, Jassy, Roumania. 22. Eduard Franckel, Consul-General, Stockholm, aged 75. Apl. 5. Theodor Pollak, Royal Ministerial Councillor, Vienna, Austria. 8. Joseph Spitzberger, communal worker, Vienna, Austria, aged 87. 12. Tobias Lipschutz, Rabbi, Brzesko, Galicia, aged 87. 30. Moritz Lazarus, communal worker, Lemberg, Austria, aged 80. May 10. Moi'se Arditti, syndic to Mixed Tribunals, Alexandria, Egypt. 15. David Ritter von Guttmann, philanthropist and communal worker, Baden, near Vienna, Austria, aged 78. 17. Professor Przibram, physician, Prague, Austria, aged 71. June 16. Adolf Landesberger, Director of Anglo-Austrian Bank, Knight of Order of Iron Crown, Vienna, Austria, aged 55. 196 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

THE PASSPOET QUESTION 1911 July (beginning). Portland, Ore., branch Ancient Order of Hibernians adopt resolutions advocating abrogation of Treaty of 1832 with Russia. 2. J. E. Price, minister of Methodist Episcopal Church, New York City, in sermon, proposes keeping out Russian citizens from United States until Russia has been taught meaning of American citizenship. 5. Central Conference of American Rabbis at annual meeting, St. Paul, Minn., pass resolution advocating abrogation of Treaty of 1832 with Russia. 11. State Department informs the American Hebrew that objectionable words in a circular issued to American citizens, formerly Russian subjects, who apply for passports, will be discontinued. 12. New York Assembly pass unanimously Assemblyman A. J. Levy's resolution asking New York congressional delegation to work for abrogation of Russian Treaty. 13. Governor Woodrow Wilson, in letter to Herman Bern- stein, condemns Russia, and states " there is no divergence among patriotic Americans on passport question." 15. Representative Murray, Massachusetts, reads in House of Representatives resolution passed by Massachusetts Legislature protesting against any distinction being made by foreign Governments among American citizens travelling abroad, and introduces resolution calling attention of Secretary of State to action of Massachusetts Legislature. 17. Assemblyman A. J. Levy's resolution advocating the passage of a resolution pending in Congress for abrogation of Treaty of 1832 with Russia passed by New York Senate. Aug. 9. The New York Times states that administration plans to induce recognition of passports by Russia through arbitration. 10. Georgia Legislature passes resolution requesting Con- gress to abrogate Treaty of 1832 with Russia. Sept. 3. Annual Convention Independent Order Ahawas Israel passes resolutions advocating abrogation of Treaty of 1832 with Russia. Oct. 8. Hon. Simon Wolf addresses sixth biennial meeting of National German American Alliance, which adopts resolution advocating abrogation of Treaty of 1832 with Russia. THE PASSPORT QUESTION 197

Oct. 10. National Citizens' Committee, New York, to compel Russia to cease discriminating against American passports held by Jews, elects officers: Andrew D. White, President, Win. G. McAdoo, Chairman Executive Committee, Henry Green, General Director. 14. Theodore Roosevelt, in editorial in the Outlook, proposes as preliminary step to its denunciation that Treaty of 1832 with Russia be submitted to Hague Tribunal for interpretation. 22. Rep. William Sulzer, at a meeting in Pilgrims' Church, New York City, states that when Congress convenes in December he will introduce joint resolution for abrogation of Treaty of 1832 with Russia. 23. Senator Penrose assures delegation of Philadelphia Jews, headed by Judge Mayer Sulzberger, that he will take up Passport Question with President Taft and Secretary Knox as soon as Congress convenes, and is of opinion that " final notice should be served on Russia that the United States will no longer tolerate discrimination against any class of our citizens." Judge Sulzberger points out impossibility of referring Passport Question to the Hague Tribunal. 28. Senator Penrose, of Pennsylvania, in letter to Jewish Morning Journal, states that if Russia refuses to accede to our demands, he will advocate abrogation of Treaty with Russia. Advises Jewish organizations to pass resolutions and transmit them to Senators and Representatives. 30. Senator Lodge states to Boston, Mass., delegation of Jews, headed by Max Mitchell, that in view of Russia's continued violation of Treaty of 1832 decisive action must be taken. 30. Meeting of ministers of all denominations under auspices of Federation of Churches adopts resolutions protesting against persecution of Jews and non-Orthodox Christians by Russia and advocating abrogation of Treaty of 1832 with Russia. Among speakers are Bishop James Court- ney, Rev. Dr. Joseph Strong, and Rev. Dr. Charles F. Ralston. Letters read favoring abrogation of Treaty from Andrew D. White, Bishop David H. Greer, Dr. Lyman Abbott, and Rev. Dr. Chas. H. Parkhurst. Nov. 7. Samuel Dorf, Grand Master Order Brith Abraham, issues circular to all lodges to pass resolutions requesting Senators and Representatives to vote for abrogation of Treaty of 1832 with Russia. 198 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

Nov. 13. Judge Leon Sanders, Grand Master of Independent Order Brith Abraham and President of National Jewish Fraternal Congress, issues circular to Grand Masters and Lodges to pass resolutions requesting Senators and Rep- resentatives to vote for abrogation of Treaty of 1832 with Russia. 16. Julian W. Mack, Julius Rosenwald, Chicago, 111., Harry Cutler, Providence, R. I., and Isaac M. Ullman, New Haven, Conn., confer with President Taft and Secretary of State Knox on question of abrogating Treaty of 1832 with Russia. 17. Delegation of New York Jews at instance of American Jewish Committee wait on Senators Root and O'Gorman and ask them to use their influence to bring about abrogation of Treaty of 1832 with Russia. Senator O'Gorman pledges his support; Senator Root declines. Jacob H. Schiff states Russian representatives admitted to him that John Hays Hammond was chosen as promoter of American syndicate to exploit Russian resources because of influence with President Taft. 17. John Hays Hammond in reply to statement of Jacob H. Schiff states that he has not endeavored to influence Presi- dent Taft in his attitude on Passport Question. 18. Cable from Russia to New York Sun states that Curtis Guild, Jr., American Ambassador, made protest against treatment of American Jews without result. 18. State Department, Washington, denies that John Hays Hammond tried to influence President Taft or any official of State Department on Passport Question. 19. Mass meeting under auspices of New England members of Order Brith Abraham, Boston, Mass., passes resolutions advocating abrogation of Treaty of 1832 with Russia. 19. Herman Bernstein, in address at Mikvfi Israel Syna- gogue, Philadelphia, Pa., declares that John Hays Ham- mond's project of irrigating Russian Turkestan for producing cotton there, caused astonishment to a prominent Russian statesman because it meant rivalling American cotton industry. 19. Young Men's Hebrew Association, Jersey City, N. J., adopts resolution protesting against discrimination by Russian Government against American citizens. 20. Anshe Mayriv Congregation, Chicago, 111., passes resolutions advocating abrogation of Treaty of 1832 with Russia. 20. Members of Progressive Order of the West, St. Louis, Mo., petition Governor Hadley to write President Taft to take action on Passport Question. THE PASSPORT QUESTION 199

Nov. 20. Governor Hadley, Missouri, writes to President Taft, advocating abrogation of Treaty of 1832 or its full observance by Russia. 21. Louisville Section, Council of Jewish Women, advocates abrogation of Russian Treaty. 21. Delegation of Jewish citizens, Birmingham, Ala., consisting of Rabbi Morris Newfield, Otto Marx, and others, wait on Rep. Oscar W. Underwood, who pledges his support to abrogation of Treaty of 1832 with Russia. 21. Cablegram to New York Times from St. Petersburg, that Ambassador Guild's representations with respect to Pass- port Question have been ignored. Russian Acting Secre- tary of State sends usual reply, that all passport questions were under control of Department of Interior. 21. Mass meeting, Jackson, Miss., addressed by Governor Noel, Bishops Candler and Bratton, and Congressmen Witherspoon and Collier, passes resolutions for the abrogation of the Treaty of 1832 with Russia. 22. Jacob H. Schiff, New York City, charges that true reason for United States not insisting on recognition of its treaty rights with Russia regarding passports is that such a policy was thought to be hurtful to certain influential American business interests. 22. Independent Order B'nai B'rith joint committee meeting recommends that subcommittees be appointed in every section of country to call upon newspaper editors and urge abrogation of Treaty of 1832 with Russia. 23. Order Brith Abraham, Salt Lake City, Utah, adopts resolutions advocating abrogation of Treaty of 1832 with Russia. 24. Delegation of Jews, Birmingham, Ala., headed by Rabbi Morris Newfield, waits on United States Senator Joseph P. Johnston, who pledges his support in movement for abrogation of Treaty of 1832 with Russia. 24. San Francisco Section, Council of Jewish Women, passes resolution advocating abrogation of Treaty of 1832 with Russia. 24. Independent Order Ahawas Israel issues circular to all lodges to adopt resolutions requesting Congressmen and Senators to vote for abrogation of Russian Treaty. 25. Cablegram to New York Sun from St. Petersburg states that Russian Foreign Ministry expects to block action by Congress to instruct administration to take action on Treaty; that Russian Department of Interior has ignored American protest altogether. 25. American Federation of Labor at annual convention adopts resolution urging Congress to abrogate Treaty with Russia. 200 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

Nov. 26. Mass meeting, Bridgeport, Conn., adopts resolutions advocating abrogation of Treaty of 1832 with Russia. 26. Duquesne Lodge, Independent Order Ahawas Israel, and Dorshe Zion Society of Federation American Zionists, Pittsburg, Pa., adopt resolutions advocating abrogation of Treaty with Russia. 26. Pilgrim Lodge, Independent Order United Hebrews, Brockton, Mass., adopts resolution advocating abrogation of Treaty with Russia. 26. Ohavei Zion Society, Philadelphia, Pa., passes resolutions requesting Pennsylvania Senators to favor abrogation of Treaty with Russia. 26. Mass meeting, Trenton, N. J., adopts resolutions favoring abrogation of Treaty with Russia. 26-8. Portland Lodge, Order Brith Abraham, and Theodor Herzl Lodge, Independent Order B'nai B'rith, adopt resolution requesting Oregon delegation at Washington to vote in favor of abrogating Treaty with Russia. 27. Jews of Auburn, N. Y., under lead of Order Brith Abra- ham Lodge, request Congressman Sereno E. Payne to work for abrogation of Treaty with Russia. 27. Mass meeting, Newark, N. J., to protest against Russian interpretation of Treaty, presided over by ex-Governor Franklin Murphy. 27. American Jewish Committee publishes report of inter- view with Ambassador Rockhill by Herman Bernstein sub- stantiating charges of Jacob H. Schiff, that administration ignored demand for abrogation of Russian Treaty, as inimical to American financial interests. 28. B'nai Zion Association and Maccabean Association, San Antonio, Tex., adopt resolutions advocating abrogation of Treaty of 1832 with Russia. 28. Senator Luke Lea promises delegation of Jewish citizens of Nashville, Tenn., headed by Nathan Cohn, that he will urge abrogation of Treaty of 1832 with Russia. 29. Senator John Walter Smith, Maryland, promises delegation of Baltimore Jews, headed by Jacob H. Hollander, that he will vote for the abrogation of the Treaty of 1832 with Russia. 29. Delegation of Jewish citizens of Missouri waits on United States Senator James A. Reed and Congressman William P. Borland, who express themselves in favor of abrogation of Treaty of 1832 with Russia. 29. Federation of Jewish Farmers of America adopts resolutions advocating abrogation of Treaty of 1832 with Russia. 30. Mass meeting, Pine Bluff, Ark., adopts resolution advocating abrogation of Treaty of 1832 with Russia. THE PASSPORT QUESTION 201

Nov. 30. Sanders Lodge, Independent Order Brith Abraham, Leo- minster, Mass., adopts resolutions advocating abrogation of Treaty of 1832 with Russia. Dec. (beginning). B'nai B'rith Lodge, Salt Lake City, Utah, appoints committee to draft communication to Senators Smoot and Sutherland requesting them to advocate abrogation of Treaty of 1832 with Russia. 1. Russians, Lithuanians, and Poles, Scranton, Pa., hold mass meeting, and adopt resolution advocating abrogation of Treaty of 1832 with Russia. 1. Delegation Jewish citizens, Newark, N. J., wait on Senator Frank O. Briggs to ask his assistance for abrogation of Treaty of 1832 with Russia. 2. Legislature of California adopts resolution advocating the abrogation of the Treaty of 1832 with Russia. 2. Sons and Daughters of Zion, Federation of American Zionists, Schenectady, N. Y., send resolution to Rep. H. S. de Forest urging abrogation of Treaty of 1832 with Russia. 2. Bayonne, N. J., Hebrew organizations adopt resolution advocating abrogation of Treaty of 1832 with Russia. 2. Pride of Chester Lodge, Order Brith Abraham, Chester Lodge, Independent Order Ahawas Israel, and Congrega- tion of Israel, Chester, Pa., adopt resolutions advocating abrogation of Treaty of 1832 with Russia. 2. California Legislature adopts resolutions introduced by Senator Edward I. Wolfe, calling upon Congress to demand of Russia that all American citizens be recognized and protected, irrespective of race or religion, while within Russian territory, or, in default of such protection, that present Treaty with Russia be abrogated. 3. Albany Section, Council Jewish Women, adopts protest against treatment of American and Jewish people in Russia. 3. Boston Young Men's Hebrew Association passes resolution recommending that members petition their United States Senators and Representatives to advocate abrogation of Treaty of 1832 with Russia. 3. Washington despatch states Russia absolutely refuses to comply with demands of United States to grant to American Jews right conferred by Treaty of 1832 freely to enter and travel within her domains. Notifies United States that she will accept abrogation of Treaty of 1832 rather than accord this privilege. 3. Delegation of Jewish citizens, Baltimore, Md., headed by Jacob H. Hollander, waits on United States Senator Isidor Rayner, who pledges his support for abrogation of Treaty of 1832 with Russia. 202 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

Dec. 4. Board of Supervisors, San Francisco, Calif., adopt resolution advocating abrogation of Treaty of 1832 with Russia. 4. Members of Isaiah Temple, Chicago, 111., adopt resolution advocating abrogation of Treaty of 1832 with Russia. 4. Young Men's Hebrew Association, Boston, Mass., adopts resolution advocating abrogation of Treaty of 1832 with Russia. 4. Philadelphia Section, Council Jewish Women, endorses action of Jewish community in appealing to Senators and Representatives for abrogation of Treaty of 1832. 4. Rep. John N. Garner (Tex.), introduces resolution (H. Res. 316) providing for the abrogation of the Treaty of 1832 with Russia, as follows: Resolved, That it is the sense of the House of Repre- sentatives that the Treaty of eighteen hundred and thirty- two between the United States and Russia should be abrogated because of the discrimination by Russia between American citizens in the administration of the Treaty. 4. Rep. Wm. Sulzer (N. Y.) introduces resolution (H. J. Res. 166) providing for the termination of the Treaty of 1832 with Russia, as follows: Resolved by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That the people of the United States assert as a fundamental principle that the rights of its citizens shall not be impaired at home or abroad because of race or religion; that the Government of the United States concludes its Treaties for the equal protection of all classes of its citizens, without regard to race or religion; that the Government of the United States will not be a party to any Treaty which discriminates, or which by one of the parties thereto is so construed as to discriminate, between American citizens on the ground of race or religion; that the Government of Russia has violated the Treaty between the United States and Russia, concluded at St. Petersburg December eighteenth, eighteen hundred and thirty-two, refusing to honor American passports duly issued to American citizens, on account of race and religion; that in the judgment of the Congress the said Treaty, for the reasons aforesaid, ought to be terminated at the earliest possible time; that for the aforesaid reasons the said Treaty is hereby declared to be terminated and of no further force and effect from the expiration of one year after the date of notification to the Government of Russia of the terms of this resolution, and that to this end the President is hereby charged with the duty of communicating such notice to the Government of Russia. THE PASSPORT QUESTION 203

Dec. 5. Senator Charles A. Culberson (Tex.) introduces resolution providing for termination of Treaty of 1832 with Russia. (Text same as Sulzer Resolution.) 5. Rep. Henry M. Goldfogle (N. Y.) Introduces resolution (H. J. Res. 167) providing for the termination of the Treaty of 1832 with Russia, as follows: Resolved by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That it is, and ever has been, a fundamental principle of this Government that the rights of its citizens shall not be impaired at home or abroad on account of race or religion; that the Government of the United States concludes its Treaties for the equal protection of all classes of its citizens, without regard to race or religion; that the Gov- ernment of the United States will not be a party to any Treaty which discriminates, or which by one of the parties thereto is so construed as to discriminate between Ameri- can citizens on the ground of race or religion; that the Government of Russia has violated the Treaty between the United States and Russia, concluded at St. Petersburg December eighteenth, eighteen hundred and thirty-two, by refusing to honor American passports duly issued to American citizens, on account of race or religion; that in the judgment of the Congress of the United States the said Treaty, because of the aforesaid violation by Russia, ought to be terminated at the earliest possible time; that the President of the United States be, and he is hereby, directed to give notice to the Government of Russia that the United States elects to abrogate and terminate the said Treaty and bring it to an end, and thereupon at the expiration of one year from the date of such notification to the Government of Russia the said Treaty shall be terminated and be at an end and of no further force and effect. 5. Rep. David J. Foster (Vt.) introduces resolution (H. J. Res. 168) providing for the appointment of a Commission of three Senators, three Representatives, and three citizens " to inquire into the question of the discrimination by the Government of Russia against American passports when presented by American citizens of the Jewish faith." 6. Mass meeting, Carnegie Hall, New York City, under auspices of National Citizens Committee, presided over by William G. McAdoo, Chairman Executive Committee, addressed by Hon. Andrew D. White, Senator James A. O'Gorman (N. Y.), William Randolph Hearst, Bishop David H. Greer, Governor Woodrow Wilson (N. J.), Speaker Champ Clark, Jacob G. Schurman (President 204 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

Cornell University), Congressmen N. E. Kendall (Iowa), William Sulzer, Francis B. Harrison, William M. Calder, Henry M. Goldfogle (N. Y.), and ex-Congressmen William S. Bennet and Herbert Parsons (N. Y.). Messages from Governor Judson Harmon (Ohio), United States Senator Boies Penrose (Pa.), and Congressmen James M. Curley (Mass.) and J. Charles Linthicum (Md.). Resolutions adopted urging abrogation of Treaty of 1832 with Russia. Dec. 6. Ohavei Zion Society, New Orleans, La., passes resolution advocating abrogation of Treaty of 1832 with Russia. 6. President Taft confers with Adolf Kraus and Simon Wolf of the Independent Order B'nai B'rith and with Representative Sulzer on Passport Question. 7. Delegation of Jewish citizens, Providence, R. I., headed by Harry Cutler, wait on Congressmen Utter and O'Shau- nessy, and urge them to support movement for abrogation of Treaty of 1832 with Russia. 7. Hebrew Veterans of War with Spain, New York City, at annual dinner, adopt resolutions advocating abrogation of Treaty of 1832 with Russia. 7. President Taft, in message to Congress, on Passport Question, states he can report progress and expects to be in position to report further after holiday recess. 8. Members of Concord Lodge, No. 444, Order Brith Abra- ham, Concord, N. H., adopt resolution advocating abrogation of Treaty of 1832 with Russia. 8. Board of Directors, First Hebrew Congregation, Oak- land, Calif., passes resolution advocating abrogation of Treaty of 1832 with Russia. 8. Representatives of societies, Boston, Mass., present resolution to Vice-President Sherman urging him to favor abrogation of Treaty with Russia. 8. Executive Committee of Zionist Council, Cleveland, O., passes resolutions advocating abrogation of Treaty of 1832 with Russia. 9. Delegation of Boston Jews calls upon Senators Lodge and Crane, and the Representatives of their State, at Wash- ington, D. C, and secure from them promise to vote for abrogation of Treaty if diplomatic negotiations fail. 10. Borough Park Civic Club, Brooklyn, N. Y., passes resolution advocating abrogation of Treaty of 1832 with Russia. 10. Resolutions adopted by Adas Kodesh Congregation, Washington, D. C, advocating abrogation of Treaty of 1832 with Russia. 10. The Novoe Vremya, St. Petersburg, believes that Treaty of 1832 will be abrogated soon, for " no country can grant more extensive rights to foreigners than to its own subjects." THE PASSPORT QUESTION 205

Dec. 10. Meeting, Spokane, Wash., protests against violation by Russia of Treaty with United States. 10. Mass meeting, St. Louis, Mo., protests against Russia's violation of Treaty of 1832. 10. Mass meeting, Pittsburg, Pa., protests against Russia's violation of Treaty of 1832. 10. Memphis (Tenn.) Lodge, Independent Order B'nai B'rith, sends petition to Congress, praying for abrogation of Treaty of 1832 with Russia. 11-12. Hearing before House Committee on Foreign Affairs, on the Sulzer resolution (H. J. Res. 166) for the termination of the Treaty with Russia. Statements favoring adoption of resolution made by William G. McAdoo, Mayer Sulz- berger, Louis Marshall, Harry Cutler, Leon Kamaiky, Rev. Donald C. McLeod, Joseph Silverman, Jacob H. Schiff, Oscar S. Straus, Abram I. Elkus, Leon Sanders, Samuel Dorf, Solomon Foster, Bernard Nolan, Representa- tives Henry M. Goldfogle, Charles B. Smith, and Francis Burton Harrison (N. Y.), and William Murray (Mass.). 12. House Committee on Foreign Affairs unanimously reports Sulzer resolution (H. J. Res. 166) without amendment. 12. Governor Shafroth, Denver, Colo., signs petition to Presi- dent Taft praying for abrogation of Treaty of 1832 with Russia. 13. Mass meeting at Albany, N. Y., presided over by Gover- nor Dix, passes resolution advocating abrogation of Treaty of 1832 with Russia. Addresses by Bishops Burke and Nelson, Rev. J. V. Moldenhauer, Rev. James S. Kittell, Marcus T. Hun, Rabbi Samuel H. Goldenson, and Hon. D. E. Ainsworth. 13. Mass meeting, Akron, O., adopts resolution calling on United States Senators from Ohio and Rep. Bathrick to advocate abrogation of Treaty of 1832 with Russia. 13. House of Representatives adopts, by vote of 301 to 1, the Sulzer resolution (H. J. Res. 166) providing for the termination of the Treaty of 1832 with Russia, Representatives Levy and Goldfogle (N. Y.) in the chair. Speeches favoring adoption of resolution made by Representatives Adair (Ind.), Allen (O.), Austin (Tenn.), Ayres (N. Y.), Buch- anan (111.), Byrns (Tenn.), Calder (N. Y.), Candler (Miss.), Cary (Wis.), Clark (Fla.), Conry (N. Y.), Cooper (Wis.), Cox (O.), Curley (Mass), Donohoe (Pa.), Dupr§ (La.), Dyer (Mo.), Edwards (Ga.), Farr (Pa.), Ferris (Okla.), Finley (S. C), Flood (Va.), Francis (O.), Gallagher (111.), Gardner (Mass.), Goldfogle (N. Y.), Graham (111.), Gregg (Pa.), Gudger (N. C), Hamill (N. 206 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

J.), Harrison (N. Y.)( Hinds (Me.), Kahn (Calif.), Kendall (la.), Kindred (N. Y.), Konig (Md.), Legare (S. C), Levy (N. Y.), Linthicum (Md.), Lobeck (Neb.), Long- worth (O.), McCall (Mass.), McCoy (N. J.), Mann (111.), Moore (Pa.), Morgan (Okla.), Murray (Mass.), Nye (Minn.), Olmsted (Pa.), Patten (N. Y.), Peters (Mass.), Raker (Calif.), Reilly (Conn.), Robinson (Ark.), Saun- ders (Va.), Sisson (Miss.), Small (N. C), Stedman (N. C), Stone (111.), Sulzer (N. Y.), Tilson (Conn.), Tuttle (N. J.), and Wilson (N. Y.). Dec. 13. Mass meeting, Little Rock, Ark., adopts resolution, advocating abrogation of Treaty of 1832 with Russia. 13. Young Men's Hebrew Association, Lynn, Mass., adopts resolution advocating abrogation of Treaty of 1832 with Russia. 13. Hearing before Senate Committee on Foreign Relations, on Culberson Resolution (S. J. Res. 60), for the termination of the Treaty with Russia of 1832. Statements by Louis Marshall, Mayer Sulzberger, and Oscar S. Straus favoring adoption of the resolution. 15. The President instructs Curtis Guild, Jr., Ambassador to Russia, to communicate notice of intention of the United States to terminate the Treaty of 1832 with Russia, because the Treaty is " no longer fully responsive, in various respects, to the needs of the political and material relations of the two countries." 15. Christian Church Council, Pittsburg, Pa., adopts resolution urging State Department to secure fair treatment for all American citizens. 15. Judean Society, Oakland, Calif., adopts resolution advocating abrogation of Treaty of 1832 with Russia. 15. Benjamin Franklin Lodge, No. 40, of Independent Order United Hebrews, Lynn, Mass., adopts resolutions favoring abrogation of Treaty of 1832 with Russia. 17. Mass meeting, Boston, Mass., adopts resolution advocating abrogation of Treaty of 1832 with Russia. 17. Mass meeting, Washington, D. C, adopts resolution in favor of abrogation of Treaty of 1832 with Russia. 17. Governor Dix presides at mass meeting on Passport Question, Troy, N. Y. 17. Curtis Guild, Jr., Ambassador to Russia, communicates notice of intention of United States to terminate Treaty of 1832 with Russia, from January 1, 1913. 18. The President, in a message to the Senate (S. Doc. 161), communicates his action respecting the Russian Treaty of 1832, and requests approval thereof by the Senate. THE PASSPORT QUESTION 207

Dec. 18. Senate Committee on Foreign Relations unanimously reports resolution as substitute for Sulzer resolution, as follows: WHEREAS, The Treaty of commerce and navigation between the United States and Russia, concluded on the eighteenth day of December, eighteen hundred and thirty- two, provides in Article XII thereof that it " shall continue in force until the first day of January, in the year of our Lord eighteen hundred and thirty-nine, and if, one year before that day, one of the high contracting parties shall not have announced to the other, by an official notification, its intention to arrest the operation thereof, this Treaty shall remain obligatory one year beyond that day, and so on until the expiration of the year which shall commence after the date of a similar notification"; and WHEREAS, On the seventeenth day of December, nineteen hundred and eleven, the President caused to be delivered to the Imperial Russian Government, by the American Ambassador at St. Petersburg, an official notification on behalf of the Government of the United States, announ- cing intention to terminate the operation of this Treaty upon the expiration of the year commencing on the first of January, nineteen hundred and twelve; and WHEREAS, Said Treaty is no longer responsive in various respects to the political principles and commercial needs of the two countries; and WHEREAS, The constructions placed thereon by the respective contracting parties differ upon matters of fundamental importance and interest to each; Therefore, be it Resolved by the Senate and House of Representatives of the United States of America in Congress assembled, That the notice thus given by the President of the United States to the Government of the Empire of Russia to terminate said Treaty in accordance with the terms of the Treaty is hereby adopted and ratified. 18. Mass meeting in State Senate Chamber, Sacramento, Calif., adopts resolution advocating abrogation of Treaty of 1832 with Russia. 19. Speeches in Senate in favor of adoption of resolution terminating Russian Treaty made by Senators Bacon (Ga.), Culberson (Tex.), Heyburn (Idaho), Hitchcock (Neb.), Lodge (Mass.), O'Gorman (N. Y.), Poindexter (Wash.), Rayner (Md.), Root (N. Y.), Shively (Ind.), Smith (Mich.), Stone (Mo.), and Williams (Miss.). Amendments offered by Senators Hitchcock (Neb.) and Newlands (Nev.) substantially restoring text of Sulzer 14 208 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

resolution defeated; resolution reported by Foreign Rela- tions Committee adopted unanimously, 72 Senators voting. Dec. 20. House of Representatives unanimously adopts Senate resolution. Debate participated in by Representatives Austin (Tenn.), Berger (Wis.), Foster (Vt.), Goldfogle (N. Y.), Harrison (N. Y.), Kent (Calif.), McCall (Mass.), Malby (N. Y.), Mann (111.), Moore (Pa.), Olmsted (Pa.), and Sulzer (N. Y.). 20. Rep. Victor Berger (Wis.) introduces resolution (H. J. Res. 192) providing for the termination of the extradition Treaty of 1887 with Russia. 1912 Jan. 3. Cablegram to New York Sun states: Russian Govern- ment declines to respond favorably to President Taft's intimation, conveyed through Ambassador Curtis Guild, Jr., that he was willing to begin negotiations immediately for a new Russo-American Treaty, to replace that of 1832. 5. Resolution adopted by Federal Council of Church of Christ, Cincinnati, O., calling upon State Department to demand that Russia cease passport discrimination against American Jews and Roman Catholics. 5. The Jewish Daily News, New York City, informed by St. Petersburg correspondent that first act of revenge for abrogation of Treaty on part of United States Government taken by Russia is expulsion of number of foreign Jews connected with International Bank in St. Petersburg. Feb. (end). Grand Lodge of Independent Order B'nai B'rith adopts resolution expressing appreciation of services rendered by American press and public-spirited men, in movement to terminate Russian Treaty. Apl. 7. Herman Bernstein, in New York Sun, gives translation of extracts from secret report of Durnovo Passport Com- mission appointed by Czar in 1905. Report admits United States is justified in attitude against Russia's discrimination against American Jews, and recommends abolition of exceptional regulations against Jews, thus making foreign Jews subject only to the rules applicable to all foreigners. June 22. Republican National Convention adopts following plank in its platform: " We approve the action taken by the President and Congress to secure with Russia, as with other countries, a treaty that will recognize the absolute right of expatriation, and that will prevent all discrimination of whatever kind between American citizens, whether native born or alien, and regardless of race, religion, or previous political allegiance. The right of asylum is a precious possession of the people of the United States, and it is to be neither surrendered nor restricted." THE PASSPORT QUESTION 209

July 3. Democratic National Convention adopts following plank in its platform: "We commend the patriotism of the Democratic members of the Senate and House of Repre- sentatives, which compelled the termination of the Russian Treaty of 1832, and we pledge ourselves anew to preserve the sacred rights of American citizenship at home and abroad. No treaty should receive the sanction of our Government which does not recognize that equality of all our citizens, irrespective of race or creed, and which does not expressly guarantee the fundamental right of expatriation. The constitutional rights of American citizens should protect them on our borders and go with them throughout the world, and every American citizen residing or having property in any foreign country is entitled to, and must be given, the full protection of the United States Government, both for himself and his property." Petitions praying for the abrogation of the Treaty of 1832 with Russia were presented in Congress on various dates by numerous lodges and branches of the Arbeiter Ring, Council of Jewish Women, Independent Order Ahawas Israel, Independent Order B'nai B'rith, Independent Order Brith Abraham, Independent Order Brith Sholoni, Independent Order Free Sons of Judah, Order Brith Abraham, Order Sons of Zion, Order United Hebrews, Western Star Order, and by the following local organizations: Alliance, O.: Citizens.—Alton, Kan.: Citizens.—Amelia, O.: Citizens.—Baltimore, Md.: Faculty of Johns Hopkins University, Hebrew Young Men's Sick Relief Ass'n, Ministers' Union.—Barnes- ville, 0.: Citizens.—Bayonne, N. J.: Alpha Theta Fraternity, B'nai Zion Kadimah, Business Men's Ass'n, Cong. Adas Israel, Cong. Agudas Achim, Cong. B'rith Abraham, Cong. Ohab Sholom Anshe Sfard, Cong. Talmud Torah, Hebrew Benevolent Ass'n, Mutual Progressive Ass'n, Temple Emanuel, Young Men's Hebrew Ass'n.—Brockton, Mass.: Cong. Agudas Achim.—Brooklyn, N. Y.: Brotherly Aid Ass'n, Cong. B'rith Israel Anshe Ernes, Cong. Tiph- ereth Israel, Jewish Aid Society, School of Biblical Instruction, Temple Emanuel.—Canton, O.: Citizens, Cong. Shaarai Torah.— Cincinnati, O.: Citizens, Episcopal Diocese Southern Ohio, He- brew Tailors' Benevolent Ass'n, Order Knights of Joseph, Peace Society, Pilgrim Church, Voliner Unterstiitzungs Verein.—Cumber- land, Md.: Ministerial Ass'n.—Damascus, O.: Citizens.—Dayton, O.: Citizens, Young Men's Hebrew Club.—Denver, Colo.: Cong. Shearith Israel, Cong. Zera Abraham.—Deadwood, S. D.: Black Hills Hebrew Cong.—Elizabeth, N. J.: Hebrew Ass'n, Holche Yosher Cong.—Emerson, O.: Religious Society of Friends.— Frankfort, Mich.: Citizens.—Hartford, Conn.: Acheduth Club, 210 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

Cong. Adas Israel, Executive Council Federated Churches of Con- necticut, John Hay Lodge, No. 61, Knights of Pythias, Ministers' Meeting.—Hoboken, N. J.: Temple Israel.—Langford, S. D.: Citizens.—Los Angeles, Cal.: Cong. Beth Israel.—Macedonia, O.: Citizens.—Massillon, 0.: Citizens.—Marietta, O.: Trades and Labor Assembly.—Milwaukee, Wis.: Cong. B'rith Israel.—Newark, N. J.: Cong. B'nai Jeshurun, Ind. Order of King Solomon.—New Bedford, Mass.: Cong. Ahawath Achim, Cong. Chesed Shel Emeth, Cong. Linath Hazedeck.—New Haven, Conn.: Ind. Minsker Ass'n, Men's League First Universalist Church.—New York City: Austro- Hungarian Zionists, Cantors' Ass'n of America, Collegiate Zionist League, Cong. Anshei Smaryon, Cong. Agudas Achim Anshe Kur- land, Cong. Brothers of Israel, Cong. Tiphereth Israel, Federation of Jewish Farmers, First Botoschani American Sick Benevolent Ass'n, Ind. Warschauer Sick Supporting Society, Jewish Com- munity (Kehillah), Jewish Young Men's League, Keidaner Ass'n, National Progressive Republican League, Navaridoker Bros. Ass'n, Rabbi Isaac Elchanan Seminary, United Roumanian Palestine Aid Society, United Hebrew Community.—Norwich, Conn.: Cong. United Hebrews.—Norwood, O.: Citizens.—Oswego, 111.: Citizens. —Philadelphia, Pa.: Roumanian Workingmen's Benefit Ass'n.— Pittsburg, Pa.: Chamber of Commerce, Washington St. Syna- gogue.—Niagara Falls, N. Y.: Men's Club St. Peter's Church.— Portland, Ore.: Citizens, Young Men's Hebrew Ass'n.—Providence, R. I.: Business Men's Ass'n.—Reno, Nev.: Young Men's Hebrew Ass'n.—Rockland, O.: Citizens.—St. Joseph, Mo.: Cong. Shaarai Sholom.—Salem, 0.: Citizens.—San Francisco, Cal.: Board of Supervisors.—Washington, D. C: Washington Secular League.— Wheeling, W. Va.: Citizens.—Union, N. J.: Hebrew Institute, Temple Emanuel.—Worcester, Mass.: Tower of Zion Cong.— Youngstown, O.: Citizens.1

1 The references to petitions given above are taken from the Congressiona. Record. U. S. GOVERNMENT AFFAIRS OF INTEREST

THE GOVERNMENT OF THE UNITED STATES AND AFFAIRS OF INTEREST TO THE JEWS [For items relating to the Passport Question see pp. 196-210.] 1911 July 1. Immigration Commissioner William Williams, New York, in annual report to Commissioner General, traduces immigration from Southern and Eastern Europe, and shows his animus by characterizing the residents of Eliza- beth, Rivington, Orchard, and East Houston Streets as follows: [They] "possess filthy habits and are of an ignorance that passes belief." Aug. 7. Rep. Seaborn A. Roddenbery (Ga.), introduces Bill (H. R. 13,368) providing for exclusion of aliens over fourteen years of age unable to read and write, those not possessing one hundred dollars in cash, those not having certificates of good moral character, those not passing physical test equal to that of United States Army, those judged to be " physically, mentally, or morally unfit to be American citizens," and a head-tax of $50. 7. Sen. William P. Dillingham (Vt.), introduces Bill (S. 3175) providing for an educational test for immigrants, the exclusion of those not eligible for naturalization, the consolidation of the Chinese exclusion law with the general immigration statutes, the procuring by each immigrant of a " certificate of admission and identity," and other restrictive features. Dec. 8. Rep. Adolph J. Sabath (111.), introduces Bill (H. R. 15,126) providing for improvements in the steerage of vessels bringing immigrants to the United States. 1912 Jan. 10. Rep. Martin Dies (Tex.), introduces Bill (H. R. 17,601) excluding all aliens over sixteen years of age unable to read. 11-12. Hearings before House Committee on Immigration in opposition to restrictive Bills. Statements by Louis W. Hammerling, John Vicario, A. G. Johnson, S. J. Vlasto, L. E. Miller, L. C. Frank, Fred. A. Larson, Charles K. Johansen, Rev. C. L. Orbach, all representing American Association of Foreign Language Newspapers; Max J. Kohler and Simon Wolf, representing Board of Delegates of the Union of American Hebrew Congregations; Miss Grace Abbott, Director Immigrants' Protective League, Chicago; Judge Leon Sanders, President Hebrew Shelter- 212 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

ing and Immigrant Aid Society, New York; Rep. Henry M. Goldfogle (N. Y.), Ven Svarc and Albert P. Mamatey, National Slavonic Society; Cyrus L. Sulzberger and Her- bert Friedenwald of the American Jewish Committee; Gino C. Speranza, New York, and Isaac A. Hourwich, Washington. Jan. 13. Rep. Adolph J. Sabath (111.), introduces Bill (H. R. 17,827) providing that no alien shall be debarred from admission to United States, if thereby children are separated from parents, or vice versa, if parent or parents or majority of family are admissible. 18. Senate Committee on Immigration reports Dillingham Immigration Bill (S. 3175; see Aug. 7) amended by striking out the educational test provision. 19. Rep. Benjamin K. Focht (Pa.), introduces Bill (H. R. 18,342) providing for the exclusion of persons not eligible to naturalization, the consolidation of the Chinese exclusion laws with the general immigration statutes, and the procuring by all aliens of " certificates of admission and identity, and other restrictive features." 27. Rep. Adolph J. Sabath (111.), introduces Bill (H. R. 18,851) to increase the scope of the work of the Division of Information of the Immigration Bureau. Feb.1-2. Hearing before House Committee on Immigration in favor of restriction of immigration. Statements by T. J. Brooks, of Farmers' Educational and Cooperative Union, John J. Weitzel, Rev. M. D. Lichliter, and William B. Griffith, representing Junior Order United American Mechanics, and Rep. Martin Dies (Texas). 14. Dillingham Immigration Bill (S. 3175) recommitted to the Senate Committee on Immigration, amended, and reported back to Senate. 17. Rep. Francis Burton Harrison (N. Y.), appears before House Committee on Immigration in opposition to restriction of immigration. 21. Sen. Henry Cabot Lodge (Mass.), introduces Bill (S. 5416) providing for an educational test for immigrants. 24. Rep. Richard Bartholdt (Mo.), and Marcus Braun (N. Y.) appear before House Committee on Immigration in opposition to restriction of immigration. 29. Hearing before House Committee on Immigration in favor of restriction of immigration. Statements by Samuel Gompers, President American Federation of Labor, and H. E. Wills, representing various railroad employees' organizations. Men. 1. Rep. John L. Burnett (Ala.), introduces Bill (H. R. 21,175) providing for the exclusion of aliens over sixteen years of age unable to read. U. S. GOVERNMENT AFFAIRS OF INTEREST 213

Mch. 2. Rep. Sabath (111.), introduces Bill (H. R. 21,220) providing for the supervision and protection of immigrants en route to their destinations; for the establishment of stations for this purpose; and the erection and maintenance of such a station in Chicago. 18. Sen. Frank M. Simmons (N. C.) makes speech favoring restriction of immigration and announces intention to offer amendment embodying an educational test to the Dillingham Bill (S. 3175). 18. Rep. Burnett (Ala.), introduces Bill (H. R. 22,048) providing for educational test for immigrants. 28. Rep. John L. Burnett (Ala.), introduces Bill (H. R. 22,527) providing for educational test for all immigrants over sixteen years of age. Apl. 16. House Committee on Immigration reports favorably Burnett Bill (H. R. 22,527). 17. Sen. William P. Dillingham (Vt.), makes speech in favor of Bill (S. 3175) introduced by him, providing for restriction of immigration. 18. Senate considers Dillingham Immigration Bill (S. 3175) as reported by the Committee on Immigration. Speeches in favor of an educational test by Senators Borah and Heyburn (Idaho), Root (N. Y.), and Williams (Miss.); in opposition, by Senators Martine (N. J.) and O'Gorman (N. Y.). 19. Senate passes Dillingham Bill (S. 3175). Educational test adopted by vote of 56 to 9 (Clarke, Ark., Fall, N. M., Gronna, N. D., Nelson, Minn., O'Gorman, N. Y., Rayner, Md., Shively, Ind., Smith, Md., and Stone, Mo., voting against). Root Amendment providing for deportation of aliens in residence in United States who conspire for violent overthrow of a foreign government adopted. 25. Hearing before House Committee on Military Affairs to delegation favoring appointment of Jewish chaplain in Army. Statements by Nissim Behar, Nathan Krass, Aaron D. Levy, and others representing Federation of Jewish Organizations of New York. 25. Rep. Sabath (111.) files minority report signed by Messrs. Goldfogle (N. Y.), Curley (Mass.), Moore (Pa.), and Catlin (Mo.), of House Committee on Immigration, opposing Burnett Bill restricting immigration. May 1. Rep. Burnett (Ala.), introduces resolution (H. Res. 518) fixing May 14 for consideration of and vote on Bill (H. R. 22,527) providing an educational test for immigrants. 2. Rep. James Young (Tex.), speaking to legislative, executive, and judicial appropriation Bill, makes speech favoring the imposition of an educational test for immigrants. 214 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

May 7-8. Hearing before House Committee on Immigration to opponents of restriction of immigration consisting of delegates from Philadelphia (Louis E. Levy, Solomon Solis Cohen, Maurice J. Speiser, Joseph Gross, and Jacob Ginsburg); Boston (Julius Friedenberg and Joseph Simon); Pittsburg (A. M. Ashinsky); Baltimore (Adolph Kress, Israel Silberstein, M. E. Selenkow, Louis H. Levin); New York (Wm. S. Bennett, Herbert Parsons, Stephen S. Wise, Joseph Barondess, Miss Lillian D. Wald, John J. Ohsol, Edward Sanford, Aaron D. Levy, Frank L. Frugone, Nissim Behar, and Mark J. Katz). 21. House Committee on Immigration, by vote of 7 to 5, decide to table the Dillingham Bill (S. 3175). 22. Rep. Martin Dies (Tex.), speaking to Bill for establishment of Bureau of Mines, makes speech favoring restriction of immigration. June 7. House Committee on Immigration votes to substitute the Burnett Bill (see Mch. 28) for the Dillingham Bill and report it to the House. 8. House Committee on Immigration reports favorably on Sabath Bill (H. R. 2122). See Mch. 2. 10. Senator O'Gorman (N. Y.), has printed as a Senate document (S. Doc. 785) a statement, signed by Moe Leu- kowsky and Anton Kaufman, Chairman and Secretary of the Citizens' Committee of Orchard, Rivington, and East Houston Streets, New York City, refuting calumnies contained in the annual report of the Commissioner of Im- migration Williams. (See July 1, 1911.) 12. Rep. Goldfogle (N. Y.) files minority report, signed by Messrs. Sabath (111.), Curley (Mass.), Moore (Pa.), and Catlin (Mo.), of House Committee on Immigration, opposing Burnett Bill restricting immigration. 18. Rep. J. Hampton Moore (Pa.) delivers a speech in Con- gress opposing an educational test for immigrants. 19. Representatives Mann (111.), Lobeck (Neb.), and Camp- bell (Kans.), deliver speeches in Congress in opposition to, and Burnett (Ala.), in favor of, an educational test for immigrants. Petitions opposing the passage of the Dillingham and Burnett Immigration Bills, providing for the restriction of immigration by a literacy test, were presented in Congress on various dates by the following organizations: Anderson, S. C: Cong. B'nai Israel.—Baltimore, Md.: Chamber of Commerce.—Bingham Canon, Utah: Bingham Miners' Union.— Boston, Mass.: Boston Lettish Workmen's Ass'n.—Brooklyn, N. Y.: Lithuanian Workers, United Polish Society.—Buffalo, N. Y.: U. S. GOVERNMENT AFFAIRS OF INTEREST 215

Italian Businessmen's Ass'n, Local Colony Alliance of Polish Roman Catholic Union, Polish Falcon Gymnastic Society, Polish Liberal Circle, Polish Singing Circle, Sons of Poland.—Chattanooga, Tenn.: Cong. B'nai Zion, Young Men's Hebrew Ass'n.—Chicago, 111.: Ass'n Jewish "Women, City Council, Cong. Anshe Liebowitz, Cong. Sharei Sholim, Independent Order B'nai B'rith, Polish National Alliance, Polish Roman Catholic Union, Union League Club, United Lithuanian Societies—Gaylor, Mich.: Kosciusko Political Club, St. Mary's Church, St. Michael Society, St. Stanis- laus Society.—Grand Junction, Colo.: Trades Labor Assembly.— Hammond, Ind.: Knights of Columbus.—Johnstown, N. Y.: City Council.—Lackawanna, Pa.: Church Societies.—Lowell, Mass.: Board of Trade.—Metz, Mich.: St. Dominick Society.—Milwaukee, Wis.: Chamber of Commerce.—Minneapolis, Minn.: Holy Cross Society, Jewish Charities, Polish Club, St. Anthony Society.— Newark, N. J.: Cong. Anshe Russia.—New Haven, Conn.: In- dependent Minsker Ass'n, Independent Wilner Ass'n, Knights of Israel, Peddlers' Protective Ass'n.—New York City, N. Y.: Atlantic Coast Seamen's Union, American Ass'n Foreign Language News- papers, Brotherhood of Carpenters and Joiners, Local 309, Central Federated Union, Council of Jewish Women, Federation of Bess- arabian Organizations, German Machinists Benevolent Ass'n, He- brew American Typographical Union, Hebrew Veterans of the War with Spain, Independent Order Ahawas Israel, Independent Order Brith Abraham, International Ladies' Garment Workers Union, Jewish Community (Kehillah), Labor Council Greater New York, Lackawanna Steel Co., National Liberal Immigration League, Political Refugees' League of America, United Hebrew Trades, Workmen's Circle.—Omaha, Neb.: Hebrew Club.—Philadelphia, Pa.: Hebrew Sunday School Society, Independent Order B'rith Sholom, Italo-American Alliance, National German American Alli- ance, Polish American Societies of Pennsylvania, Society for Italian Immigrants.—Pittsburg, Pa.: Chamber of Commerce.—Provi- dence, R. I.: Hebrew Criterion Ass'n, Young Men's Hebrew Ass'n. —Rochester, N. Y.: Cong. Beth Hamedrash Hagodol.—Salt Lake City, Utah.: Monteflore Cong., Salt Lake Federation of Labor.— St. Louis, Mo.: Jewish Charitable and Educational Union, United Jewish Charitable and Educational Union.—San Francisco, Calif.: California State Federation of Labor, Labor Council.—Somerville, N. Y.: Cong. Anshe Chesed.—South Bend, Ind.: Polish American Societies.—Syracuse, N. Y.: Cong. Adath Jeshurun, Cong. Beth Israel.—Waterbury, Conn.: Hebrew Benefit Ass'n.—Wilkes-Barre, Pa.: Hebrew Immigrant Aid Society, Young Men's Hebrew Ass'n. —Youngstown, 0.: Citizens.1

1 The references to petitions given above have been taken from the Con- gressional Record. 216 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

LIST OF JEWISH MEMBEES OF THE CONGEESS OF THE UNITED STATES PAST BENJAMIN, JUDAH PHILIP, 1812-1884. Sen. from La., 1853-1861. EINSTEIN, EDWIN, 1842-1906. Rep. from N. Y., 1879-1881. EMERICH, MAETIN, 1847- . Rep. from 111., 1903-1907. FISCHER, ISRAEL F., 1858- . Rep. from N. Y., 1895-1899. FRANK, NATHAN, 1852- . Rep. from Mo., 1889-1891. GOLDZIER, JULIUS, 1854- . Rep. from 111., 1893-1895. HART, EMANUEL B., 1809-1897. Rep. from N. Y., 1851-1853. HOUSEMAN, JULIUS, 1832-1891. Rep. from Mich., 1883-1885. JONAS, BENJAMIN FRANKLIN, 1834-1911. Sen. from La., 1879-1885. LESSLER, MONTAGUE, 1869- . Rep. from N. Y., 1902-1903. LEVIN, LEWIS CHARLES, 1808-1860. Rep. from Pa., 1845-1851. LEVY, DAVID. See YULEE, DAVID LEVY. LITTAUER, Lucius NATHAN, 1859- . Rep. from N. Y., 1897-1907. MAY, MITCHELL, 1871- . Rep. from N. Y., 1899-1901. MEYER, ADOLPH, 1842-1908. Rep. from La., 1891-1908. MORSE, LEOPOLD, 1831-1892. Rep. from Mass., 1877-1885, 1887-1889. PHILLIPS, HENBY MYER, 1811-1884. Rep. from Pa., 1857-1859. PHILLIPS, PHILIP, 1807-1884. Rep. from Ala., 1853-1855. PULITZER, JOSEPH, 1847-1911. Rep. from N. Y., 1885-1886. SIMON, JOSEPH, 1851- . Sen. from Ore., 1898-1903. STRAUS, ISIDOR, 1845-1912. Rep. from N. Y., 1894-1895. STROUSE, MYEB, 1825-1878. Rep. from Pa., 1863-1867. WOLF, HARRY B., 1880- . Rep. from Md., 1907-1909. YULEE, DAVID LEVY, 1811-1886. Del. from Fla., 1841-1845; Sen. from Fla., 1845-1851, 1855-1861. PRESENT (MEMBERS OF THE SIXTY-SECOND CONGRESS) GOLDFOGLE, HENRY M., Democrat, Representative, New York City, 1901- GUGGENHEIM, SIMON, Republican, Senator, Colorado, 1907- KAHN, JULIUS, Republican, Representative, San Francisco, 1889- 1902, 1905- LEVY, JEFFEBSON MONROE, Democrat, Representative, New York City, 1899-1901,1911- RAYNER, ISIDOR, Democrat, Representative, Baltimore, 1887-1889, 1891-1895; Senator, Maryland, 1905- SABATH, ADOLPH J., Democrat, Representative, Chicago, 1907- AMERICAN JEWISH HISTORICAL SOCIETY 217

DIRECTORY OF JEWISH NATIONAL ORGANIZA- TIONS IN THE UNITED STATES [An asterisk (*) Indicates that no response was received to inquiries]

ALLIANCE ISRAELITE UNIVERSELLE Org., May, 1860. OFFICE : 150 Nassau, New York City BRANCHES : Maryland : Baltimore.—Massachusetts : Boston, 2, Worces- ter.—New Jersey: Hoboken, Jersey City.—New York: Blmira, New York City.—Pennsylvania : Philadelphia.

AMERICAN FEDERATION OF THE JEWISH TERRITORIAL ORGANIZATION (ITO) Org., April, 1906. OFFICE : New York City EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE : Chairman, Cyrus L. Sulzberger, 516 West End Av.; Daniel Guggenheim, Herman Rosenthal, all of N. Y. C.; Solomon Solis Cohen, Mayer Sulzberger, both of Phila., Pa. BRANCHES : Maryland: Baltimore.—New York : New York City.—Penn- sylvania : Philadelphia.

AMERICAN JEWISH COMMITTEE Org., Nov. 11, 1906. Incorporatedincorporated, March 16, 19111911.. OFFICE : 356 Second Av., New York City For report, see pp. 291-314.

AMERICAN JEWISH HISTORICAL SOCIETY Org., 1892. OFFICE : 531 W. 123d, New York City Twentieth Annual Meeting, February 11-12, 1912, Boston, Mass. Members, 344. Has Issued twenty volumes of " Publications." Maintains a collection of Books, Manuscripts, and Historical Objects in its Room in the Building of the Jewish Theological Seminary, 531 W. 123d, N. Y. C. OFFICERS : Pres., Cyrus Adler, Phila., Pa.; Vice-Pres., Simon W. Rosen- dale, Albany, N. Y.; David Philipson, Cincinnati, O.; Julian W. Mack, Washington; D. C.; Richard J. H. Gottheil, N. Y C.; Treas., N Taylor Phillips, N. Y. C.; Curator, Leon Htihner, N. Y. C.; Cor. Sec, Albert M. Frledenberg 38 Park Row, N. Y. C.; Rec. Sec, Herbert Friedenwald, 356 Second Av., N. Y. C. 218 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

EXECUTIVE COUNCIL : The Officers, and Charles J. Cohen, Phlla., Pa.; Henry Cohen, Galveston Tex.; Lee M. Friedman, Boston, Mass.; Jacob H. Hollander, Baltimore, Md.; Joseph Jacobs, N. Y. C.; Max J. Kohler, N. Y. C.; Max L. Margolis, Phila., Pa. ; Alexander Marx, N. Y. C.; A. S. W. Rosenbach. Phila., Pa.; J. Bunford Samuel, Phila., Pa.; Mayer Sulzberger, Phila., Pa.; Simon Wolf, Washington, D. C.; Oscar S. Straus, N. Y. C, ex offlcio, as past President of the Society.

ARBEITER RING (THE WORKMEN'S CIRCLE) Org., Sept. 4, 1900. OFFICE : 89 Delancey St., New York City Twelfth Annual Meeting, May 1-5, 1912, New York City. Members, 40,300. Branches, 480. OFFICERS : Pres., I. Gothelf; Treas., J. Dryshpel; Sec, Jehiel Weintraub, 89 Delancey Street, all of N. Y. C. DIRECTORS : The Officers, and J. Abramowitz, Fannie Horowitz, S. Jellin, B. Levitan, S. Noodelman, B. Sheiffer, M. Weinburg. BRANCHES : Alabama : Birmingham.—California : Los Angeles, Oakland, San Francisco.—Colorado : Denver.—Connecticut: Ansonia, Bridgeport, Danbury, Hartford, Meriden, Middletown, New Britain, New Haven, New London, Norwalk, Norwich, Stamford, Waterbury, Winsted,—Delaware: Wilmington.—District of Columbia : Washington.—Florida : Jacksonville.— Georgia : Atlanta, Macon, Savannah.—Illinois : Chicago, Maywood.—In- diana : Indianapolis, South Bend.—Iowa : Des Moines, Sioux City.—Ken- tucky : Louisville, Newport.—Louisiana : New Orleans.—Maine : Auburn.— Maryland : Baltimore.—Michigan : Detroit, Flint, Grand Rapids.—Minne- sota : Duluth, Minneapolis, St. Paul.—Missouri: Kansas City, St. Joseph, St. Louis.—Nebraska : Lincoln. Omaha, S. Omaha.—New Hampshire : Man- chester, Nashua.—New Jersey : Atlantic City, Bayonne, Carteret, Elizabeth, Hoboken, Jersey City, Long Branch, Morristown, Newark, New Brunswick, Passalc, Paterson, Perth Amboy, Plainfleld, Red Bank, Trenton, Vineland, W. Hoboken.—New York : Albany, Blnghamton, Brooklyn, Buffalo, Center- ville Sta., Elmira, Gloversville, Hudson, Kingston, Mount Vernon, New- burgh, New Rochelle, New York, N. Tarrytown, Patchogue, Port Chester, Rochester, Schenectady, Syracuse, Troy, Utica, Yonkers.—Ohio: Akron, Canton, Cincinnati, Cleveland, Columbus, Dayton, East Liverpool, Toledo, Youngstown.—Oregon : Portland.—Pennsylvania : Altoona, Easton, Harris- burg, Johnstown, Philadelphia, Pittsburg, Scranton, Wilkes-Barre.— Rhode Island : Providence, Woonsocket.—Tennessee : Memphis.—Texas : Dallas, Galveston, Houston, San Antonio, Waco.—Utah : Salt Lake City. —Virginia : Lynchburg, Norfolk, Portsmouth, Richmond.—Washington : Seattle.—West Virginia : Wheeling.—Wisconsin : Milwaukee, Sheboygan. —Canada: Hamilton, London, Montreal, Ottawa, Toronto, Winnipeg.

BARON DE HIRSCH FUND Inc., 1890. OFFICE : 43 Exchange Place, New York City The activities of the Fund fall under the following heads : I. BARON DE HIRSCH AGRICULTURAL SCHOOL, Woodbine, N. J., offers to Jewish young men a course in Agriculture, consisting of two years, beginning April 1. CENTRAL CONFERENCE OF AMERICAN RABBIS 219

II. BARON DB HIBSCH TRADE SCHOOL, 22 East 64th, N. Y. C, offers instruction in day classes in the following trades : Machinist, Plumbing, Electrical, House, Fresco and Sign Painting. III. Controls the Woodbine Land and Improvement Company. IV. English education to immigrants. Day and Evening Classes through branches and subsidized societies. V. Relief Work. Through branches and subsidized societies. BRANCHES : Colorado : Denver.—Illinois : Chicago.—Maryland : Balti- more.—Massachusetts : Boston.—Missouri: St. Louis.—New York : Brook- lyn.—Pennsylvania : Philadelphia, Pittsburg. OFFICERS : Pres., Eugene S. Benjamin, 440 Lafayette ; Vice-Pres., Jacob H. Schiff ; Treas., Murry Guggenheim ; Hon. Sec, Max J. Kohler, 30 Broad, all of N. Y. C. TRUSTEES : The above Officers, and Nathan Bijur, Abram I. Elkus, Henry Rice, S. G. Rosenbaum, all of N. Y. C. ; Simon F. Rothschild, of Brooklyn, N. Y.; and Mayer Sulzberger, William B. Hackenburg, and S. S. Fleisher, of Phila., Pa. GEN. AGT. : H. L. Sabsovlch ; ASST. AGT. : Louis J. Cohen.

CANTORS ASSOCIATION OF AMERICA (SUCCESSOR TO SOCIETY OF AMERICAN CANTORS) Org., June 1, 1908. OFFICE : New York City Third Annual Meeting, May 13, 1912, New York City. Members, 200. OFFICERS : Pres., David Cahn; Vice-Pres., A. Frachtenberg and M. Aronoff; Sec, I. Frank, 68 W. 114th; Treas., Ed. Kartschmaroff, 1143 Lexington Av., all of N. Y. C. TRUSTEES : Sol. Baum and S. Meisel. DIRECTORS : A. Minkowsky, S. Baum, I. Schorr, Cantors, Siegel, Wolf- berg, Friedman, and Auerbach. BRANCHES : Chicago, New York City, Philadelphia.

CENTRAL CONFERENCE OF AMERICAN RABBIS Org., July 9, 1889 Twenty-third Annual Convention, April 12-17, 1912, Baltimore, Md. Members, 207. Has issued twenty-one volumes of its " Year Book " ; the " Union Prayer Book " ; the " Union Hymnal " ; the " Union Haggadah " ; " Prayers for Private Devotion," and various other publications. OFFICERS, 1912-1913: Hon. Pres., Kaufmann Kohler, Cincinnati, O.; Pres., Samuel Schulman, N. Y. C.; Vice-Pres., Moses J. Gries, Cleveland, O.; Treas., Leo M. Franklin, Detroit, Mich.; Rec. Sec, Julian Morgen- stern, Cincinnati, O.; Cor. Sec, Solomon Foster, 264 Clinton Av., Newark, N. J. EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE, 1912-1913 : Edward N. Calisch, Richmond, Va.; Harry W. Ettelson, Hartford, Conn.; Maurice H. Harris, N. Y. C.; Maxi- milian Heller, New Orleans, La.; Charles S. Levi, Peoria, 111. ; David Marx, Atlanta, Ga.; Harry H. Mayer, Kansas City, Mo. ; David Phllipson, Cin- cinnati, O.; William Rosenau, Baltimore, Md.; Tobias Schanfarber, Chicago, 111.; Joseph Stolz, Chicago, 111. 220 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

COUNCIL OF JEWISH WOMEN Org., Sept., 1893. OFFICE : 448 Central Park West, New York City Sixth Triennial Convention. Dec. 12, 1011, Phlla., Pa. Sections, 65 : Senior Sections, 51: Junior Sections. 14. The work of the Council Is conducted under the following Committees: Religion, Religious Schools, Philanthropy, Jewish Juniors, Reciprocity, Peace and Arbitration, Education, Purity of the Press. Immigrant Aid. The National body supports a Committee on Immigrant Aid and the Sections engage In philanthropic, educational, and religious work. OFFICERS: Pres.. Marion L. Misch (Mrs. Caesar), 400 Westminster, Providence, R. I.: First Vtce-Pres., Melida Pappe (Mrs. Julius), Chicago, 111.; Second Vice-Pres., Bertha F. Rauh (Mrs. Enoch), Plttsburg, Pa.; Treas.. Ida W. Friend (Mrs. Jos. E.), New Orleans. La.; Rec. Sec, Mrs. Paul Kessel, Kansas City, Mo. ; Auditor, Mrs. Henry Streng, Louisville, Ky.; Executive Secretary, Sadie American, 448 Central Park West, N. Y. C.; rhairmnn Immigrant Aid Committee, Sadie American, 448 Central Park West, N. T. C. DIRECTORS: (1911-1917) Mrs. Nathaniel Harris, Donora, Pa.; Mrs. Seymour Samuels, Cincinnati, O. ; Mrs. Emma Eckhouse, Indianapolis, Ind.; Mrs. Otto Kempner. Brooklyn, N. Y.; (1908-1914) Mrs. EH Strouse, Balti- more, Md.; Mrs. Nathan Glauber, N. Y. C.; Mrs. D. B. Levy, Norfolk, Va.; Mrs. Robert Well, N. Y. C. SECTIONS : Alabama : Birmingham, Mobile, Montgomery, Selma.—Cali- fornia : Los Angeles. San Francisco.—Colorado : Colorado Springs.—Con- necticut : Hartford, New Haven. Stamford.—District of Columbia : Wash- ington.—Georgia : Atlanta, Savannah.—Illinois : Chicago.—Indiana : Indianapolis, Lafayette. Terre Haute.—Kentucky: Louisville.—Louisiana: New Orleans.—Maryland : Baltimore.—Massachusetts : Boston, Worcester. —Minnesota: Minneapolis, St. Paul.—Missouri: Kansas City.—New York: Albany, Brooklyn, Bnffnlo, Elmlra, New York City. Rochester. Syracuse.— Ohio: Cincinnati, Dayton. Marlon. Youngstown, Zanesvllle.—Oregon: Port- land.—Pennsylvania : Altoona, Bradford. Oil City, Philadelphia, Plttsburg.— Rhode Island : Providence.—South Carolina : Charleston.—Tennessee: Nashville.—Texas : Fort Worth. San Antonio. Tyler.—Virginia : Alex- andria, Norfolk, Richmond.—Washington : Seattle.—Wisconsin : Mil- waukee.—Canada: Toronto.

DROPSIE COLLEGE FOR HEBREW AND COGNATE LEARNING Inc., May 20, 1907. Broad and York Sts., Philadelphia, Pa. OFFICERS : Pres., Cyrus Adler. 2041 N. Broad ; Vlce-Pres., Mayer Sulz- berger; Treas., Oscar B. Teller; Sec, Ephralm Lederer, all of Phila., Pa. BOARD OF GOVERNORS : The Officers, and Harry Friedenwald, Baltimore, Md. : Louis Gerstley, William B. Hackenburg, both of Phlla., Pa.; Louis Marshall, N. Y. C.; 8. Schechter, N. Y. C.; Oscar S. Straus, N. Y. C.; Paul M. Warburg, N. Y. C. ; Edwin Wolf, Phlla., Pa. FACULTY : Pres., Cyrus Adler (Ph. D., Johns Hopkins) ; Professor In charge of the Biblical Department, Max L. Margolls (Ph.D.. Columbia); Professor In charge of the Rabbinical Department, Henry Malter (Ph. D., Heidelberg) : Instructor Department of Cognate Languages, Jacob Hosch- ander (Ph. D., Marburg) ; Resident Lecturer In Jewish Jurisprudence and Institutes of Government, Hon. Mayer Sulzberger (LL. D.). Non-Resident Lecturers : Asher Glnzberg. London ; Dr. Adolph Biichler. Principal Jews' College, London. Honorary Fellow: Rabbi Raphael H. Melamed (Jewish Theological Seminary of America). Fellows: Bible, Joseph Relder (B. A., College of the City of New York) ; Joseph Medoff (B. S.. University of Pennsylvania). Rabblnics : Rabbi Jacob B. Grossman (Jewish Theological Seminary of America) ; B. Halper (M. A., London). Cognate Languages: Reverend John Melghan (B. D., Crozer Theological Seminary). EASTERN COUNCIL OF REFORM RABBIS 221

EDUCATIONAL LEAGUE FOR THE HIGHER EDUCATION OF ORPHANS Org., 1896. OFFICE : Jewish Orphan Asylum, Cleveland, O. Fifteenth Annual Meeting, July 4, 1910, Cleveland, O. Members, 1474. OFFICERS : Pres., Martin A. Marks, Cleveland, O.; Vice-Pres., Emil Nathan, Memphis, Tenn.; Honorary Vice-Pres., Nathan Cohn, Tenn.; Morris H. Flarsheim, Ky.; Adolph Freund, Mich.; Milton R. Hart, 111.; Sol. S. Kiser, Ind.; Louis S. Levi, Southern Ohio ; Max S. Schayer, Colo.; Lucius L. Solomons, Calif.; Wm. Stix, Mo. ; Jonas Well, Minn.; Simon Wolf, District of Columbia; Treas., S. Wolfenstein, Cleveland, O.; Sec, Alfred A. Benesch, 716 Society for Savings Bldg., Cleveland, 0. GOVERNORS : Myrtle W. Baer, Milwaukee, Wis.; Henry Berkowitz, Phila., Pa.; Amelia Buchman, Cleveland, O.; Mrs. Adolph Buchstein, Detroit, Mich.; Mrs. S. H. Einstein, Cleveland, O.; Herman Freiburger, Fort Wayne, Ind.; Nathan Glicksman, Milwaukee, Wis.; Edna Goldsmith, Cleveland, O.; Henry Greenebaum, Chicago, 111.; Moses J. Gries, Cleveland, O.; Grace Grossmann, Youngstown, 0.; Minnie Halle, Cleveland, 0.; Mrs. Michael W. Heller, Cleveland, O.; S. J. Kornhauser, Cleveland, O.; Fred Lazarus, Jr., Columbus, O.; Emil W. Lelpziger, Terre Haute, Ind.; Meyer Lovitch, Paducah, Ky.; Joseph A. Magnus, Cincinnati, O.; Mrs. Jacob Ottenheimer, Cincinnati, O.; Sidney Pritz, Cincinnati, O.; Anna C. Roth, Toledo, O.; Samuel Schwartz, Cleveland, O.; E. A. Schwarzenberg, Cleveland, O.; Ernest Steiner, N. Y. C. ; David Sternberg, Memphis, Tenn. ; Elsa R. Straus, St. Louis, Mo.; Eugene F. Westheimer, St. Joseph, Mo.; Louis Wolsey, Cleve- land, O. The members are distributed as follows : Alabama : Demopolis, Mobile, Montgomery, Selma.—Arkansas : Little Rock.—Colorado : Colorado Springs, Cripple Creek, Denver, Pueblo.—Florida : Jacksonville.—Illinois : Cham- paign, Chicago, Glencoe.—Indiana: Albion, Cannelton, Evansville, Fort Wayne, Indianapolis, Lafayette, Ligonier, Madison, Mount Vernon, Muncie, Terre Haute.—Iowa : Carroll, Davenport, Des Moines, Sioux City.—Ken- tucky : Louisville, Newport, Paducah.—Louisiana : Donaldsonville, New Or- leans, Shroveport.—Maryland : Baltimore.—Michigan : Bay City, Cadillac, Detroit, Gaylord, Grand Rapids, Houghton, Jackson, Kalamazoo.—Minne- sota : Minneapolis, Renvllle, St. Paul, Winona.—Mississippi : Columbus, Greenville, Gunnison, Natchez.—Missouri: Farmington, Kansas City, Louisiana C'ty, St. Joseph, St. Louis.—Nebraska: Beatrice, Grand Island, Omaha.—New Jersey : East Orange, Jersey City, Newark.—New York: Brooklyn, Buffalo, New Rochelle, New York City.—North Dakota : Fargo.— Ohio; Akron, Cincinnati, Cleveland, Columbus, Defiance, Fremont, Lima, Ottawa, Toledo, Youngstown.—Pennsylvania : Philadelphia, Pittsburg.— South Carolina: Sumter.—Tennessee: Chattanooga, Knoxville, Nashville.— Texas : Dallas, San Antonio.—Wisconsin : Milwaukee.—Canada : Montreal. EASTERN COUNCIL OF REFORM RABBIS Org., April 22, WHHm OFFICE :» 690 Eastern Parkway, New York City Members, 40. PURPOSE : To offer a reaffirmation of the members* faith in the permanent character and value to Israel and to the world of Liberal or Reform Judaism. OFFICERS : Pres., Maurice H. Harris, N. Y. C.; Vice-Pres., Joseph Silver- man, N. Y. C.; Treas., Isaac S. Moses, N. Y. C.; Sec, Nathan Krass, 690 Eastern Parkway, N. Y. C. EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE : H. H. Ettelson, Hartford, Conn.; Rudolph Grossman, N. Y. C.; David Levy, New Haven, Conn.; Leonard Levy, Pitts- burg, Pa.; Alexander Lyons, Brooklyn, N. Y.; Wm. Rosenau, Baltimore, Md.; Charles Rubensteln, Baltimore, Md. 222 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

FEDERATION OF AMERICAN ZIONISTS Org., 1897. OFFICE : 230 Grand, New York City Fifteenth Annual Convention, .Tune 28-July 2, 1912, Cleveland, 0. Number of Shekel-payers. 14,000. Societies, 102. Camps of Order B'nal Zion (affiliated), 64. Circles of Young Judaea (affiliated), 113. The Federation issues leaflets, pamphlets, etc. Also The Maccabaean, a monthly in English, and Dos Yiddishe Folk, a weekly, in Yiddish. OFFICERS : Hon. Pres., Harry Friedenwald, Baltimore, Md.; Chairman of Executive Committee, Louis Lipsky, N. Y. C.; Treas., Michael Salit, Bklyn., N. Y.; Hon. Sec, Bernard A. Rosenblatt, N. Y. C. ADMINISTRATIVE COMMITTEE : S. Abel, Abr. Goldberg, Louis Lipsky, all of N. Y. C. EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE : M. Brodsky, Jacob Fishman, .T. L. Magnes, B. G. Richards, Victor Schwarz, B. Semel, and David de Sola Pool. ADVISORY COUNCIL : A. Alsenberg, Hartford, Conn. ; M. L. Avner, Pittsburg, Pa. ; Abr. Baylies, Rochester, N. Y. ; I. L. Borushak, St. Louis, Mo.; J. de Haas, Boston, Mass.; N. H. Ebin, Cleveland, O.; L. A. Freed, San Antonio, Tex. ; A. M. Herschman, Detroit, Mich.; C. H. Kauvar, Den- ver, Colo.; Sarah Kussy, Newark, N. J.; Louis H. Levin, Baltimore, Md.; — Nusbaum, Phila., Pa. ; L. Smlrnow, New Britain, Conn.; S. D. Solomon, Syracuse, N. Y. SOCIETIES : Alabama : Birmingham.—California : Los Angeles, 3, San Francisco.—Colorado : Denver, 2.—Connecticut: Hartford, Meriden, New Britain, Waterbury.—District of Columbia : Washington.—Florida : Jackson- ville.—Georgia : Athens, Atlanta, Columbus.—Kentucky : Louisville, 2.— Louisiana : New Orleans.—Maine : Portland.—Maryland : Baltimore, 4.— Massachusetts : Boston, 5. Holyoke, Newburyport, Worcester, 2.—Michigan : Detroit, 2.—Minnesota : St. Paul.—Missouri : Kansas City, 2, St. Louis.— New Hampshire : Portsmouth—New Jersey : Newark, Norma, Oransre.—New York: Brownsville, Elmira. New York City, 8, Rochester, Schenectady, Syracuse, 2, Troy, 2.—North Dakota : Grand Forks.—Ohio : Canton, Cin- cinnati. 2, Cleveland, 2, Columbus, Dayton, Youngstown.—Pennsylvania : Greensburg, Johnstown, Philadelphia, 5, Pittsburg, 5, Washington.—Rhode Island : Pawtucket, Providence.—South Carolina : Columbia.—Tennessee : Chattanooga.—Texas: Austin, Dallas. 2, Fort Worth, 2, Galveston, 2, Houston, 2, San Antonio, 2, Terrell, Waco.—Virginia: Berkeley, Norfolk, Portsmouth.—West Virginia : Charleston. CONGREGATIONS : Maryland : Baltimore.—Washington : Seattle.

FEDERATION OF JEWISH FARMERS OF AMERICA Org., Jan. 20, 1909. OFFICE : 174 Second Av., New York City Members, 1080. Societies, 48. PURPOSE : To advance the interests of Jewish farmers. OFFICERS : Pres., S. Hein, Nassau, N. Y. ; Vice-Pres., H. Rotman, Mlllis, Mass.; Sec, J. W. Pincus, 174 Second Av.; Treas., P. Abelson, 197 E. Broadway, both of N. Y. C. EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE : E. Greenblatt, Botsford, Conn.; M. Kaufman, Ellington, Conn. ; J. Konner, Pine Brook, N. J.; R. M. Lipman, Norma, N. J.; M. Nurenberg, Malaga, N. J.; S. Schindler, Hurleyville, N. Y.: J. Weiner, Ellenvllle, N. Y. CONSTITUENT SOCIETIES : Connecticut: Bozrahvllle, Jewish Farmers' Assn., Sec, Nathan Gilman; Chesterfield, Ind. Hebrew Farmers' Assn., Sec, S. Shulman ; Colchester, Jewish Farmers' Assn., Sec, A. .Taffe ; East Lyme, Jewish Farmers' Assn., Sec, Solomon Jaffe; Lebanon, Jewish Farmers' Assn., Sec, S. Lubetzky ; Newtown, Jewish Farmers' Assn. of Fairfleld Co., FEDERATION OP ROUMANIAN JEWS 223

Sec, B. Nalevski; North Canton, Jewish Farmers' Assn., Sec, Max Kavaler; North Kent, Cornwall Bridge Jewish Farmers' Assn., Sec, H. Marcus; Roekville, Connecticut Jewish Farmers' Assn., Sec, Chas. Levin; Storrs, Jewish Farmers' Assn., Sec, Solomon J. Sherman; Turnerville, Jewish Farmers' Assn., Sec, Wm. Marcus ; Uncasville, Raymond Hill Hebrew Farm- ers' Assn., Sec, J. Derow, R. F. D. No. 1.—Massachusetts : Medway, East- ern Mass. Jewish Farmers' Assn., Sec, B. G. Levy ; West Otis, Berkshire County (Mass.) Jewish Farmers' Assn., Sec, J. MIshkin.—Nebraska : Mar- tindale, Cherry County Farmers' Assn., Sec, Jacob Levin.—New Jersey : Bridgeton, Rosenhayn Jewish Farmers' Assn., Sec, M. Plaskow, R. F. D. No. 6; Carmel, Cumberland County Jewish Farmers' Assn., Sec, Abraham Narovlansky; Flemington, Jewish Farmers' Circle, Sec, Sol. Berkowitz; Sandbrook, Jamesburg, Middlesex Co. Farmers' Assn., Sec, S. Rothstein ; Lakewood, Hebrew Farmers' Assn., Sec, A. Levine, R. F. D. No. 3 ; Malaga, Jewish Farmers' Assn., Sec, Philip Shafran ; Middlesex, Jewish Farmers' Assn., Sec, A. M. Kuntz; Perrineville, First United Hebrew Farmers' Assn. of Hightstown, Sec, S. Grudin ; Pinebrook, Jewish Farmers' Assn., Sec, Miss H. Konner ; Vlneland, Norma and Alliance Farmers' Assn., Sec, J. Crystal, R. F. D. No. 6; Woodbine, Cape May County Jewish Farmers' Assn., Sec, J. H. Cohen.—New York : Accord, Jewish Farmers' Assn. of Kerhonkson and Accord, Sec, A. Kazazkof; Brooklyn, New Lots Dairy- men's Assn., Sec, B. Z. M. Gordon, Wartman Av. and Essex St. ; Brainard, Hebrew Benevolent Farmers' Assn. of Rens. Co., Sec, S. Entin ; Centerville Sta., Hebrew Farmers' Assn., Sec. Max Podberesky ; Ellenville, Farmers' Assn., Sec, Morris Slutzky, Box 726: Ellenville, Hebrew Aid Society of Briggs Street, Sec. J. Goodman, R. F. D. No. 1 ; Fallsburgh, Hebrew Farm- ers' Assn., Sec, Chas. Volpin ; Ferndale, Hebrew Farmers' Assn. of Fern- dale and Stevensville, Sec, H. Goldberg; Livingston Manor Fanners' Assn., Sec, Wm. Laksin; Luzon, Hebrew Farmers' Assn. of Hurleyville, N. Y., Sec, S. Schindler, Box 1 : Manlius, Jewish Farmers' Assn., Sec, S. Green- berg; Maplewood, Jewish Farmers' Assn., Sec, A. Greenberg ; Mountaindale Jewish Farmers' Assn., Sec, A. Glick ; Parksville, Farmers' Assn., Sec. B. Weiner, Box 42 ; Spring Glen Hebrew Aid Society, Sec, M. Davidow, Box 42; Spring Valley. Jewish Farmers' Assn., Sec, Jacob Abowitz.—North Dakota : Ashley, Sulzberger Colony of Jewish Farmers, Sec, Charles Silver ; Austin, Northwestern Jewish Farmers' Assn., Sec. A. Rudolph ; Bowman. Hebrew Farmers' Assn. of Burleigh Co., Sec, A. M. Levitt.—Pennsylvania : Rushland, Bucks County (Pa.) Jewish Farmers' Assn., Sec, Jacob Kahan.— Washington : Lake Bay, Jewish Farmers' Assn. of the State of Washington. Sec, B. Alt, R. R. No. 1.—Canada : La Macaza, Quebec, Jewish Farmers' Assn., Sec, Rubin Belansman.

FEDERATION OF ROUMANIAN JEWS OF AMERICA Org., Mch. 8, 1908. OFFICE : 182 Chrystie, New York City Fifth Annual Convention, June 1-2, 1912, New York City. Members, 40,000. Branches, 50. PURPOSE : To aid the Roumanian Jews here and in Roumania. OFFICERS : Hon. Pres.. Solomon Schechter ; Pres., P. A. Siegelstein, 220 E 12th ; Vice-Pres., J. Weiss, Chas. I. Fleck, and Herman Speier; Treas., Meyer Sanft; Sec. Morris Grauhard, all of N. Y. C. DIRECTORS : H. Abramowitz, Mrs. S. Berkowitz, Dr. A. J. Blaustein, Em. Bornstein. H. Braunstein, L. Braunstein, B. Carneol, H. Eiser, M. Glassberg, I. M. Glickman, S. Hechter. H. .1. Hershkowitz, A. L. Kalman, O. Karp, Dr. E. Koftler. Dr. Joseph Koffler. I. Korman, S. Kramer, Mrs. L. Kramer, S. Landes, U. Marcus, H. Markowitz, Z. Petreanu, L. Rosenberg, I. 15 224 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

Rosenthal, M. Schoenfeld, Wm. Schreiber, S. Schwartz, S. Solomonlde, A. Sussman, B. Stein, Dr. J. Steinberg, N. Vlodinger, Mrs. B. Weiss, L. Wolfson. BRANCHES : Illinois: Chicago, Pres., J. Gartenstein, 12th and Ashland Av.—Michigan : Detroit, Sec, Sam Weinberg, 210 Elizabeth.—Ohio : Cleve- land, Chairman, O. J. Kohn, 2348 E. 28th.—Pennsylvania : Pittsburg, Sec, J. Greenfield, 1127 Centre Av.

HAI RESH FRATERNITY Org., July, 1907. OFFICE : St. Joseph, Mo. Fifth Annual Conclave, Dec. 25, 1911-Jan. 3, 1912, Lincoln, Neb. Members, 110. OFFICERS : Council Chief, Leon S. Schembeck, St. Joseph, Mo.; Council Prophet, V. E. Friend, Lincoln, Neb. ; Council Regent, Jerome Reichart, Denver, Colo.; Council Scribe, H. C. Straus, 615 S. 9th, St. Joseph, Mo.; Council Governor, Hon. S. F. Westheimer, St. Joseph, Mo. CHAPTERS : Ilm Chapter, St. Joseph, Mo.; Maj Chapter, Kansas City, Mo.; Sar Chapter, St. Louis, Mo. ; Hav Chapter, Lincoln, Neb.; A. K. Chapter, Denver, Colo.; Gan Chapter, Milwaukee, Wis.; Wen Chapter, Memphis, Tenn.; Ves Chapter, Omaha, Neb.; Jem Chapter, Fort Wayne, Ind.; Beb Chapter, St. Paul, Minn.; Fil Chapter, Pueblo, Colo.

HEBREW UNION COLLEGE (See p. 243.)

INDEPENDENT ORDER AHAWAS ISRAEL Org., 1893. OFFICE : Germania Bank Bldg., 190 Bowery, New York City Nineteenth Annual Convention, Sept. 3-5, 1911, Philadelphia, Pa. Members, 21,000. Lodges, 161. OFFICERS : Grand Master, Louis Morris, 214 South, Phila., Pa.; First Deputy Grand Master, Rubin Auerbach, N. Y. C. ; Second Deputy Grand Master, Louis Solomon, Bklyn., N. Y. ; Third Deputy Grand Master, Bern- ard Bloom, Phila.. Pa. ; Fourth Deputy Orand Master, Joseph Edlowitch, Baltimore, Md.; Fifth Deputy Grand Master, Henry Gottlieb, Newark, N. J.; Grand Treas.. Moritz Gold, Bklyn., N. Y. ; Grand Sec, L. Herman, 190 Bowery (Germania Bank Bldg.), N. Y. C. LODGES : Connecticut: New Haven, Waterbury, Willimantic.—Dela- ware: Wilmington.—District of Columbia: Washington.—Maryland: Baltimore, 10.—Massachusetts : Springfield, 2.—New Jersey : Bayonne, Elizabeth, 3. Jersey City, Newark, 6, Paterson, 2. Vineland.—New York: Albany, Brooklyn, 14, Liberty, New York City, 87, Sag Harbor, L. I., Syra- cuse, TJtica, Yonkers.—Pennsylvania : Chester. Harrisburg, Lancaster, Philadelphia, 14, Pittsburg, 2, Scranton, York.—Rhode Island : Providence. INDEPENDENT ORDER OF B'NAI B'RITH 225

INDEPENDENT ORDER OF B'NAI B'RITH prg., Nov. 1, 1843. OFFICE : 1248 Tribune BIdg., Chicago, 111. Ninth Quinquennial Convention, Apl. 3, 1910, Washington, D. C. Members, 34,456. Lodges, 404 (in North America, Europe, Asia, and Africa). Districts, 11 (7 in the United States). Institutions founded by the Order in the United States : HEBREW ORPHANS' HOME, Atlanta, Ga. ; B'NAI B'RITH CEMETERY, Chi- cago, 111.; FREE EMPLOYMENT BUREAU, Chicago, 111.; JEWISH WIDOWS' AND ORPHANS' HOME, New Orleans, La.; TOURO INFIRMARY, New Orleans, La.; HOME FOR AGED AND INFIEM, Yonkers, N. Y.; CLEVELAND JEWISH ORPHAN ASYLUM, Cleveland, Ohio; B'NAI B'RITH FREE EMPLOYMENT BUREAU, Pittsburg, Pa.; RELIEF COMMITTEE, Hot Springs, Ark.; B'NAI B'RITH CLUB, San Francisco, Calif.; HOME FOR JEWISH ORPHANS, LOS Angeles, Calif; IMMIGRANT SCHOOLS, at Kalamazoo, Mich., and Memphis, Tenn.; SABBATH SCHOOLS, at Houghton. Mich., Trenton, N. J., Madison, Wis., and Sharon, Pa.; Orphanage in Pennsylvania now being organized. OFFICERS : Pres., Adolf Kraus, Chicago, 111. ; First Vice-Pres., Lucius L. Solomons, San Francisco, Calif.; Second Vice-Pres., Jacob Singer, Philadelphia, Pa. ; Treas., Jacob Furth, St. Louis, Mo.; Sec, Alex B. Seelenfreund, Chicago, 111. EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE : Simon Wolf, Washington, D. C.; Charles Hart- man, N. Y. C.; Rabbi E. N. Calisch, Richmond, Va.; Philip Stein, Chicago, 111.; Joseph Hirsh, Vicksburg, Miss.; Berthold Timendorfer, Berlin, Ger- many ; Dr. Adolphe Stern, Bucharest, Roumania; Adalbert Skall, Prague, Austria. DISTRICTS : I. Org., 1851. Lodges, 48. Territory: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, New York, Rhode Island, and Vermont. Sec, Reginald Zunder, 1161 Madison Av., New York City. II. Org., 1852. Lodges, 39. Territory: Colorado, Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky, Missouri, New Mexico, and Ohio. Sec, Victor Abraham, 44 St. Paul BIdg., Cincinnati, Ohio. III. Org., . Lodges, 45. Territory : Delaware, New Jersey, Penn- sylvania, and West Virginia. Sec, Louis Sulzbacher, 421 Mills Av., Brad- dock, Pa. IV. Org., 1863. Lodges, 24. Territory: Arizona, California, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, Oregon, Utah, Washington, and Wyoming. Sec, I. J. Aschheim, 149 Eddy, San Francisco, Calif. V. Org., 1867. Lodges, 20. Territory: Georgia, Maryland, North Carolina, South Carolina, Virginia, and District of Columbia. Sec, Rabbi George Solomon, 1516 Drayton, Savannah, Ga. VI. Org., 1868. Lodges, 46. Territory: Illinois, Iowa, Michigan, Minnesota, Nebraska, North Dakota, South Dakota, Wisconsin, Manitoba, and Ontario, Can. Sec, A. B. Seelenfreund, 1248 Tribune BIdg., Chicago, 111. VII. Org., 1873. Lodges, 79. Territory : Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Louisiana, Mississippi, Tennessee, Texas, and Indian Territory. Sec, Nat. Strauss, 2337 Magazine, New Orleans, La. LODGES : Alabama : Bessemer, Birmingham, Blockton, Demopolis, Eufaula, Huntsville, Mobile, Montgomery, 2, Selma, Tuscaloosa, Uniontown.—Ar- kansas : Camden, Fort Smith, Helena, Hot Springs, Little Rock, Pine Bluff. —California : Los Angeles, Marysville, Oakland, Sacramento, San Bernar- dino, San Diego, San Francisco, 10, San Jose, Stockton.—Colorado : Colorado Springs, Cripple Creek, Denver, Pueblo, Trinidad, Victor.—Connecticut: Ansonia, Bridgeport, 2, Danbury, Hartford, Meriden, New Britain, New Haven, Stamford, Waterbury.—Delaware: Wilmington, 2.—District of Columbia : Washington.—Florida : Jacksonville, Pensacola.—Georgia : Al- bany, Atlanta, 2, Brunswick, Columbus, Macon, Rome, Savannah, Thomas- ville.—Idaho : Boise".—Illinois : Bloomington, Cairo, Champaign, Chicago, 6, Danville, Lincoln, Peoria, Springfield, Urbana.—Indiana: Evansville, Fort 226 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

Wayne, Indianapolis, Lafayette, Ligonler, Madison, Terre Haute, Vincennes, Wabash.—Iowa : Burlington, Council Bluffs, Davenport, Des Moines, Keokuk, Sioux City.—Kansas : Kansas City, Leavenworth, Topeka,—Kentucky : Lex- ington, Louisville, Owensboro, Paducah.—Louisiana: Alexandria, Baton Rouge, Bayou Sara, Clinton, Crowley, Donaldsonville, Lake Charles, Monroe, Natchltocb.es, New Orleans, 6, Opelousas, Shreveport.—Massachusetts : Bos- ton, 3, Pittsfleld, Springfield, Worcester.—Michigan : Bay City, Calumet, Detroit, Flint, Grand Rapids, Jackson, Kalamazoo, Lansing, Saginaw.—Min- nesota : Duluth, Minneapolis, St. Paul, Virginia.—Mississippi: Canton, Clarksdale, Columbus, Greensville, Greenwood, Hattiesburg. Jackson, Laurel, Meridian, Natchez, Port Gibson, Rolling Pork, Summit, Vlcksburg.—Miss- ouri : Joplin, Kansas City. Louisiana, St. Joseph, St. Louis, 2, Sedalia, Springfield.—Montana : Butte.—Nebraska : Lincoln, Omaha, 2.—New Jer- sey : Atlantic City, Hnboken, Jersey City, Newark, 2, New Brunswick, Paterson, Trenton.—New York : Albany, 2, Amsterdam. Brooklyn, 2, Buffalo, Elmira, New York City, 21, Plattsburg, Rochester. Syracuse, Yonkers.—New Mexico : Albuquerque, Las Vegas.—North Carolina : Asheville, Goldsboro, Greensboro, Wilmington.—North Dakota : Fargo.—Ohio : Cincinnati, Cleve- land, Columbus, Dayton, Toledo, Youngstown, Zanesville.—Oklahoma : Ard- more, Oklahoma City.—Oregon : Portland, 2.—Pennsylvania : Allentown, Altoona, Braddock, Cnrry, Danville. Duquesne. Easton, Ellwood, Erie, Harrisburg, Hazleton, Homestead, Lancaster, McKeesport, Meadville, New Castle, New Kensington, Philadelphia, 6. Pittsburg, 6. Pottsville, Scranton, Sharon, Uniontown, Washington. Wilkes-Barre.—Rhode Island : Providence. —South Carolina : Charleston, Columbia, Darlinsrton, Sumter.—Tennessee : Brownsville, Chattanooga, Jackson, Memphis. Nashville.—Texas: Austin, Brenham, Bryan, Calvert, Corsicana, Dallas. El Paso. Fort Worth, Gaines- ville, Galveston, Houston, 3, Marshall, Palestine, San Antonio, 2, Texarkana, Tyler, Victoria. Waco.—Utah : Salt Lake City.—Virginia : Norfolk, Rich- mond.—Washington : Seattle, 2, Spokane.—Wisconsin : Appleton, Eau Claire, Green Bay, Madison. Merrill, Milwaukee, 3, Racine. Wausau.—Canada: Vancouver, B. C.—Winnipeg : Manitoba, Fort William, Ontario.

* INDEPENDENT ORDER BRIS ACHIM Grand Master, Samuel Weis, New York City

INDEPENDENT ORDER BRITH ABRAHAM Org., Feb. 7, 1887. OFFICE : 37 7th, New York City Twenty-sixth Annual Convention, May 26-28, 1912, Rochester, N. Y. Members. 165,000. Lodges, 645. OFFICERS : Grand Master, Leon Sanders, 292 E. Broadway; First Deputy Grand Master, Max Schwartz, 257 E. Houston, both of N. Y. C. : Second Deputy Grand Master, Julius Fridenberg, Boston, Mass. ; Grand Sec, Jacob Schoen, 37 7th ; Grand Treas., W. Zimmerman, both of N. Y. C. ; Endowment Treas., Harris Lustgarten ; Counsel to the Order, Alfred B. Jaworower. LODGES: Alabama: Birmingham.—Colorade : Denver, 2.—Connecticut: Ansonia, Hartford, 3, Meriden, New Haven, 3, Norwich, Torrington, Waterbury.—Delaware : Wilmington.—District of Columbia : Washington, 2.—Georgia : Atlanta.—Illinois : Chicago. 18.—Indiana : Indiana Harbor, Indianapolis.—Iowa : Davenport.—Kentucky : Louisville.—Maine : Port- land, 4.—Maryland : Baltimore, 6.—Massachusetts : Attleboro, Boston, 36, Brockton, 2. Cambridge, 2. Chelsea, 11, Collinsville, Fall River, 5, Glouces- ter, Haverhlll, 2, Holyoke, Lawrence, 3, Lynn, 2, Maiden, 2, Melrose, New Bedford, North Adams, Northampton, Qulncy, Salem, 2, Somerville, INDEPENDENT ORDER FREE SONS OF ISRAEL 227

Springfield, 2, Taunton, Worcester, 3.—Minnesota : Minneapolis, St. Paul, 2.—Missouri: Kansas City, 2, St. Joseph, St. Louis, 8.—New Hampshire : Concord, Manchester, 2.—New Jersey : Asbury Park, Bayonne, Carmel, Carteret, Elizabeth, Jersey City, 2, Long Branch, Morristown, Newark, 7, Newburyport, Passaic, 2, Paterson, 2, Perth Amboy, Roselle, Rosenhayn, Trenton, West Orange, Woodbine.—New York : Albany, 2, Auburn, Bath Beach. Binghamton, 2, Brooklyn, 29, Buffalo, Corona, L. I., Elmira, Glen Palls, Gloversville, Kingston, Long Island City, 2, New Brighton, S. I., Newburgh, New Rochelle, New York, 167, Port Chester, 2, Poughkeepsie, Rochester, 2, Sag Harbor, L. I., Schenectady, Syracuse, 2, Troy, 2, Utica, 2, Yonkers.—Ohio : Cincinnati, 3, Cleveland, 4, Columbus.—Oregon : Port- land.—Pennsylvania : Allentown, 2, Braddock, Conshohocken, Harrisburg, Homestead, Philadelphia, 34, Pittston, Pottstown, Reading, Scranton, 4, South Bethlehem, Wilkes-Barre, 2, York.—Rhode Island: Newport, Provi- dence, 9, Woonsocket.—Tennessee : Nashville.—Virginia : Newport News, Norfolk, Portsmouth.—Wisconsin : Milwaukee, 3.

INDEPENDENT ORDER BRITH SHOLOM Org., Feb. 25, 1905. OFFICE : 512 S. 5th, Phila., Pa. Eighth Annual Convention, June 2-4, 1912, Providence, R. I. Members, 35,513. Lodges, 269. OFFICERS : Past Grand Master, Benj. N. Berman, Phila., Pa.; Grand Master, Solomon C. Kraus, Phila., Pa.; First Deputy Grand Master, S. R. Schultz, N. Y. C. ; Second Deputy Grand Master, A. I. Sisholtz, Newark, N. J.; Third Deputy Grand Master, Louis M. Grant, Providence, R. I.; Grand Secretary, Martin O. Levy; Assistant Secretary, Adolph Rosenblum; Grand Treasurer, Louis Cohen; Endowment Treasurer, Louis S. Rubinsohn; Counsellor of the Order, Joseph L. Kun, all of Phila., Pa. LODGES : Colorado : Denver, 4.—Connecticut: Bridgeport, Derby, Hart- ford, 3, New Britain, New Haven, New London.—Delaware : Wilmington.— District of Columbia : Washington, 2.—Illinois : Chicago, 5.—Kentucky : Louisville.—Maryland : Baltimore, 12.—Missouri : St. Joseph, St. Louis, 3. —New Jersey; Atlantic City, Bridgeton, Burlington, Camden, Carteret, Elizabeth, 2, Hoboken, Jersey City, Newark, 12, Norma, Passaic, 2, Pater- son, Perth Amboy, Trenton, Vineland, Woodbine.—New York: Albany, Brooklyn, 15, Elmira, Glen Falls, Gloversville, New York City, 19, Port Chester, Sag Harbor, Schenectady, Syracuse, Troy, Utica.—Ohio: Akron, Canton, Cleveland, 2, Cincinnati, Columbus, East Liverpool, Youngstown.— Pennsylvania : Allentown, Altoona, Chester, Coatesville, Easton, Greensburg, Harrisburg, Johnstown, Mahanoy City, McKeesport, Norristown, Phila- delphia, 101, Phoenixville, Pittsburg, 2, Pottstown, Pottsville, Reading, Scranton, 5, Shamokin, Shenandoah, South Bethlehem, South Sharon, Weissport, West Chester, Wilkes-Barre, 2, York.—Rhode Island : Newport, Pawtucket, Providence, 9, Woonsocket.—Utah : Salt Lake City.—Virginia : Lynchburg, Newport News, Norfolk, Richmond.—Wisconsin : Milwaukee.

INDEPENDENT ORDER FREE SONS OF ISRAEL Org., Jan. 18, 1849. OFFICE : 21 W. 124th, New York City Ninth Quinquennial Convention, May 12, 1912, Rochester, N. Y. Members (Jan. 1, 1910), 10,125. Lodges, 90. Districts, 3. OFFICERS : Grand Master, M. S. Stern, 2013 Fifth Av.; First Deputy Grand Master, Isaac Baer ; Second Deputy Grand Master, Henry Jacobs, all of N. Y. C.; Third Deputy Grand Master, Adolph Pike, Chicago, III.; 228 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

Grand Sec, Abraham Hafer, 21 W. 124th ; Grand Treas., Louis Franken- thaler; Chairman Committee on Endowment, Henry Lichtig; Counsel to the Order, M. B. Blumenthal, all of N. Y. C. EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE : Henry B. Stern, Albany, N. Y. ; Sol. Kahn, I. A. Loeb, I. S. Lurie, M. D. Rosenbach, M. A. Weinberg, all of Chicago, 111. ; M. S. Meyerhoff, Phila., Pa. ; Benjamin Blumenthal, Arnold Gross, Bernard Hahn, Isaac Hamburger, Julius Harburger, J. I. Hartenstein, Louis Hess, J. A. Hirschman, Henry J. Hyman, Baph. Levy, Henry Lipsky, Herman Stiefel, all of N. Y. C. DISTRICTS : I. Territory : Connecticut, Massachusetts, New Jersey, New York, and Rhode Island. II. Territory : Illinois, Kansas, Minnesota, Miss- ouri, and Wisconsin. III. Territory : U. S. Grand Lodge. LODGES: California: San Francisco.—Connecticut: Hartford, New Haven.—Georgia : Atlanta.—Illinois : Chicago, 10.—Kansas : Leavenworth. —Kentucky : Louisville.—Louisiana : New Orleans.—Massachusetts : Boston, 2.—Michigan : Detroit.—Mississippi: Greenville, Meridian, Vicksburg.— Missouri: St. Joseph, St. Louis, 2.—New Jersey : Newark, 2.—New York : Albany, Amsterdam, Brooklyn, 4, Buffalo, New York City, 37, Rochester, Rondout, Schenectady, Syracuse, Troy.—Ohio: Cincinnati, 2, Cleveland, 2.— Pennsylvania : Philadelphia, Pittsburg.—Rhode Island : Providence.—-Ten- nessee : Memphis, Nashville.—Texas : Dallas.—'Virginia : Norfolk.—Wis- consin : Milwaukee, 2.

INDEPENDENT ORDER FREE SONS OF JUDAH Org., Feb. 12, 1890. OFFICE : 78 Second Av., New York City Twenty-second Annual Convention, Apl. 21, 1912, New York City. Members, 22,000. Lodges, 200. OFFICERS : Grand Master, Sam Goldstein, 161 E. 72d, N. Y. C. ; First Deputy Grand Master, Adolph Wiener, N. Y. C.; Second Deputy Grand Master, Jacob Weissman, Stamford, Conn. ; Grand Sec, Sigmund Fodor, 78 2d Av., N. Y. C.; Grand Treas., Chas. Baruch, N. Y. C. ; Endowment Treas., Alex. Wohgemuth. LODGES : Connecticut: Hartford, 2, New Haven, Stamford.—District of Columbia : Washington.—Maryland : Baltimore, 3.—New Jersey : Bay- onne, Jersey City, Newark, 2.—New York: Brooklyn, 8, Buffalo, 2, Gloversville, Haverstraw, Newburgh, New York City, 75, Rochester, Schenectady, Tarrytown.—Pennsylvania : McKeesport, 2, Philadelphia, 6, Pittsburg, Scranton.

INDEPENDENT ORDER SONS OF BENJAMIN Org., Dec. 23, 1877. OFFICE : 953 Third Av., New York City Twenty-first Annual Convention, Mch. 17-19, 1912, New York City. Members, 10,531. Lodges, 123. OFFICERS : Grand Master, Richard Cohn, N. Y. C.; First Deputy Grand Master, Hugo Guttmann, N. Y. C. ; Second Deputy Grand Master, Jacob Hyman, Boston, Mass. ; Third Deputy Grand Master, Morris Cohn, Bklyn., N. Y. ; Grand Secretary, Louis B. Franklin, N. Y. C. ; Grand Treasurer, Peter Munter, N. Y. C. ; Chairman on Finance, Adolph Salomon, Bklyn., N. Y. ; Chairman on Mortuary Fund, Julius Gumpert, N. Y. C. ; Chairman on State of Order, S. .1. Steinhardt, N. Y. C. ; Chairman on Appeals, Jacob Fetbraudt, N. Y. C. ; Chairman on Laws, J. Nagel, N. Y. C. ; Chairman on Mutual Guaranty Fund, Samuel Lederman, Bklyn., N. Y., Counsel to the Order, Bernard Alexander, N. Y. C. INDEPENDENT WESTERN STAR ORDER 229

LODGES : California : San Francisco.—Colorado : Denver.—Connecti- cut : Hartford, New Haven.—District of Columbia : Washington.—Illinois : Chicago, 5.—Indiana : Indianapolis.—Maine : Bangor.—Maryland : Balti- more, 2.—Massachusetts : Boston, 6, Fall River, Worcester.—Michigan : Detroit.—Minnesota : St. Paul.—Missouri: Kansas City, 3, St. Louis, 2.— New Jersey: Hoboken, Newark.—New York : Albany, Brooklyn, 7, New York City, 60, Rochester, Syracuse.—Ohio : Cleveland, 6, Toledo.—Penn- sylvania : Bradford.—Rhode Island : Newport.—Wisconsin : Milwaukee.— Canada : Montreal, 3.

INDEPENDENT ORDER OF TRUE SISTERS (UNABHANGIGER ORDEN TREUE SCHWESTERN) Org., Apl. 21, 1846. OFFICE : 238 W. 131st, New York City One Hundred and Twenty-first Semi-Annual, or 62d Annual, Session of the Grand Lodge, May 28, 1912, New York City. Members, 4211. Lodges, 18. Publishes a monthly, Ordens Echo. Editor, Bianca B. Robitscher. OFFICERS (for May. 1912 to May, 1913) : Grand Monitress, Mrs. Frieda Bloch ; Grand Pres., Mrs. Rose Baran ; Grand Vice-Pres., Mrs. Hulda Liss- ner; Grand Sec, Mrs. Bianca B. Robitscher ; Grand Treas., Mrs. Rosalie A. Eisner; Grand Mentor, Mrs. Flora Fischlowitz; Grand Warden, Marion Northshield. LODGES : Connecticut: New Haven.—Illinois : Chicago, 2.—Massachu- setts : Boston.—Missouri: St. Louis.—New Jersey : Newark.—New York : Albany, Brooklyn, New York City, 7.—Ohio : Cincinnati.—Pennsylvania : Philadelphia. INDEPENDENT ORDER OF UNITED HEBREWS Org., Sept. 9, 1904. OFFICE : 17 W. Dedbam, Boston, Mass. Eighth Annual Convention, June 2, 1912, Boston, Mass. Members, 436T. Lodges, 47. OFFICERS : Grand Master, Max Waldo Cohen ; First Deputy Grand Mas- ter, Harry Cohen ; Second Deputy Grand Master, Louis Harrison ; Grand Treasurer, Abraham J. Bennett; Grand Secretary, Louis Davis, 17 W Dedham ; Grand Guide, Nathan Rosenberg ; Grand Inner Watch, Louis Gold Grand Outer Watch, Jacob Gluck ; Chairman on Finance, Harry Goldman Chairman on Laws, Barnett White ; Chairman on Printing, Abr. Cohen Chairman on State of the Order, Morris Loitman ; Chairman on Appeals, John S. Albert; Chairman on Charity, Louis Taylor; Chairman on Rituals, Maurice Samet, all of Boston, Mass.

INDEPENDENT WESTERN STAR ORDER Org., Feb. 13, 1894. OFFICE : 1127 Blue Island Av., Chicago, 111. Sixteenth Annual Convention, Aug. 7-9, 1910, Cleveland, O. Members (Jan. 1, 1912), 16,365. Lodges, 144. OFFICERS : Grand Master, N. T. Brenner. 21st and Sangamqn, Chicago, III.; Vice-Grand Master, Eugene Weinberger, Cleveland, O.; First Deputy Grand Master, Sam Cohen, Toledo, O.; Second Deputy Grand Master, M. A. Rabinowitz, Indianapolis, Ind. : Grand Secretary, I. Shapiro, 1127 Blue Island Av.; Grand Endowment Treas., A. R. Fifer; Grand General Fund Treas., D. Arkin, all of Chicago, 111. 230 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

LODGES : California : Los Angeles, 2.—Connecticut: Bridgeport, New Haven, Stamford.—Illinois : Chicago, 30, Chicago Heights, Joliet, Peoria, 2, S. Chicago, 2, Waukegan.—Indiana : E. Chicago, Evansville, Gary, Indian- apolis, South Bend.—Kentucky : Louisville.—Michigan : Benton Harbor, Detroit, 3, Grand Rapids, Kalamazoo.—Minnesota : St. Paul, 2.—Missouri: St. Louis, 7.—Nebraska : Lincoln.—New Jersey : Newark, Paterson.—New York : Brooklyn, 4, New York City, 10, Troy.—Ohio : Bellaire, Canton, Cin- cinnati, Cleveland, 2, Columbus, Dayton, Steubenville, Toledo, 2, Youngs- town.—Pennsylvania : Allentown, Altoona, Bradford, Hazleton, Johnstown, McKees Rocks, McKeesport, Philadelphia, 19, Pittsburg, 5, Punxsutawney, Lancaster, Scranton, 3. Sharon, Turtle' Creek, Uniontown.—Rhode Island : Providence, 4.—Virginia : Norfolk, Portsmouth.—Wisconsin : Kenosha, Mil- waukee, 3, Oshkosh, Sheboygan.—Canada : Calgary, Alta.

INDUSTRIAL REMOVAL OFFICE Org., 1900. OFFICE : 174 Second Av., New York City OFFICERS AND BOARD OF DIRECTORS : Chairman, Reuben Arkush ; Vice- Chairman, Alfred Jaretzki; Secretary, Nathan Bijur ; Eugene S. Benjamin, N. Y. C.; Jacob Furth, St. Louis, Mo.; Max Senior, Cincinnati, O.; Lucius L. Solomons, San Francisco, Calif.; Cyrus L. Sulzberger, N. Y. C. GENERAL MANAGER : David M. Bressler; ASST. MANAGER : Philip L. Seman. AGENCIES : Alabama: Bessemer, Birmingham, Demopolis, Mobile, Montgomery, Selnia.—Arizona : Phoenix, Prescott, Tucson.—Arkansas : Forest City, Fort Smith, Hot Springs, Little Rock, Pine Bluff, Tex- arkana.—California : Los Angeles, Oakland, Sacramento, San Bernardino, San Francisco.—Colorado : Boulder, Colorado Springs, Cripple Creek, Den- ver, Greeley, Pueblo, Rocky Ford, Salida, Trinidad.—Connecticut: Bridge- port, Hartford, New Britain, New Haven.—Delaware : Wilmington.—Dis- trict of Columbia : Washington.—Florida : Jacksonville, Key West, Pensa- cola, Tampa, Ybor City.—Georgia : Atlanta, Augusta, Brunswick, Colum- bus, Macon, Savannah.—Idaho : Boise\—Illinois : Aurora, Belleville, Bloom- ington, Cairo, Chicago, Danville, Dec.itur, Elgin, Mount Vernon, Peoria, Quincy, Rockford, Rock Island, Springfield, Streator, Waukegan.—Indiana : Anderson, Bluffton, Evansville, Fort Wayne, Indianapolis, Lafayette, Logansport, South Bend, Terre Haute.—Iowa : Burlington, Cedar Rapids, Centerville, Council Bluffs, Davenport, Des Moines, Dubuque, Keokuk, Mason City, Museatiue, Oskaloosa, Ottumwa, Sioux City. Waterloo.— Kansas : Fort Scott, Lawrence, Leavenworth, Pittsburg, Topeka, Wichita.— Kentucky : Ashland, Louisville, Paducah.—Louisiana : Alexandria, Baton Rouge, Lake Charles, Monroe, New Orleans. Shreveport.—Maine: Port- land.—Maryland : Baltimore.—Massachusetts : Boston, Fall River, Worces- ter.—Michigan: Detroit, Flint, Grand Rapids, Iron Mountain, Jackson, Kalamazoo.-—Minnesota : Duluth, Minneapolis, St. Paul, Winona.—Missis- sippi : Meridian, Natchez, Vlcksburg.—Missouri: Carrollton, Hannibal, Joplin, Kansas City, Lexington. Springfield, St. Joseph, St. Louis.— Montana: Butte, Helena.—Nebraska: Grand Island, Hastings, Lincoln, Omaha.—New Jersey : Carmel.—New York : Albany, Buffalo, Elmira, Rochester, Syracuse.—North Carolina : Charlotte.—North Dakota : Fargo, Grand Forks.—Ohio: Akron, Alliance, Ashland, Ashtabula, Bellaire, Bucy- rus. Canton. Cincinnati, Cleveland, Columbus, Conneaut, Dayton, East Liverpool, Elyria, Fremont, Galion, Hamilton. Lima, Loraln, Mansfield, Marietta, Marion. Newark, Portsmouth, Sandusky, Springfield, Toledo, Youngstown, Zanesville.—Oklahoma : Oklahoma City.—Oregon : Port- land.—Pennsylvania: Allentown. Altoona, Braddock, Erie, Harrlsburg, Lancaster, Philadelphia. Pittshurg. Pottstown. Reading, Scrnntnn, Warren, WIlkes-Barre, Williamsnort.—Rhode Island : Providence.—South Carolina : Charleston.—South Dakota : Sionx Falls.—Tennessee : Chattanooga, Knox- vllle, Memphis, Nashville.—Texas r Austin, Beaumont, Dallas, El Paso, JEWISH AGRICULTURISTS' AID SOCIETY 231

Port Worth, Galveston, Houston, San Antonio, Tyler, Waco.—Utah : Salt Lake City.—Virginia: Lynchburg, Newport News, Norfolk, Richmond.— Washington: Seattle, Spokane, Tacoma.—West Virginia: Charleston, Huntlngton, Wheeling.—Wisconsin : Janesville, La Crosse, Madison, Mil- waukee, Racine, Sheboygan, Superior.—Wyoming: Ch.eyenne.

JEWISH AGRICULTURAL AND COLONIAL ASSOCIATION Org., Jan. 16, 1910. OFFICE : Clarion via Gunnlson, Utah Members, 200. Branches, 2. Purpose : Settling on farms and mutual aid. OFFICERS : Pres., B. Brown ; Vice-Pres., B. Silverman ; Sec, B. Horowitz, Utah. BRANCHES : Br. " A," 1736 Aberdeen, Phila., Pa., Br. Sec, S. Grishkan ; Br. " B," 1326 Washington Av., N. Y. C, Br. Sec, A. Sheln.

JEWISH AGRICULTURAL EXPERIMENT STATION Org., Mch. 20, 1910. OFFICE : 356 Second Av., New York City OFFICERS : Pres., Julius Rosenwald, Chicago, 111.; Vlce-Pres., Morris Loeb; Treas., Henry Goldman; Sec, Henrietta Szold, 528 W. 123d, all of N. Y. C. DIRECTORS : Cyrus Adler, Samuel S. Fels, both of Phila., Pa.; Henry Goldman, N. Y. C. ; Morris Loeb, N. Y. C.; Julian W. Mack, Chicago, 111. ; Louis Marshall, N. Y. C.; Julius Rosenwald, Chicago, 111.; Oscar S. Straus, N. Y. C. MANAGING DIRECTOR : Aaron Aaronsohn, Haifa, Palestine.

JEWISH AGRICULTURAL AND INDUSTRIAL AID SOCIETY Org., Jan. 23, 1900. OFFICE : 174 Second Av., New York City OFFICERS : Pres., Alfred Jaretzki; Vice-Pres., Percy S. Straus ; Treas., Eugene Meyer, Jr. ; Sec. Solomon G. Rosenbaum, all of N. Y. C. DIRECTORS : The Officers, and Eugene S. Benjamin, Solomon G. Rosen- baum, and Cyrus L. Sulzberger, all of N. Y. C. GENERAL MANAGER : Leonard G. Robinson ; ASST. MANAGER : Gabriel Davidson.

JEWISH AGRICULTURISTS' AID SOCIETY OF AMERICA Org., Oct. 28, 1888 ; inc., Jan. 24, 1900. OFFICE : 507 S. Marshfield Av., Chicago, 111. Ninth Annual Meeting, Feb. 2, 1909. Summary of work during 1909: 7 families, comprising 33 persons, placed on farms. Jewish farmers settled since the Society began operations, 433. OFFICERS : Pres., Morris Weil; Vice-Pres., Maurice W. Kozminski; Treas., Edward Rose; Sec, Hugo Pam, The Rookery; Cor. Sec, A. R. Levy, 213 E. 48th, all of Chicago, 111. 232 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

DIRECTORS : Israel Cowen, Emil G. Hirsch, Jacob L. Kesner, Maurice W. Kozminski, A. R. Levy, Leo A. Loeb, Hugo Pam, David M. Pfaelzer, J. Rappaport, Edward Rose, Julius Rosenwald, Emanuel P. Selz, Leo Straus, Simeon Straus, Morris Weil, all of Chicago, 111. GENERAL MANAGER : Nathan D. Kaplan, 1105 Ashland Blk., Chicago, 111.

JEWISH CHAUTAUQUA SOCIETY Org., Apl. 29, 1893. OFFICE : 643 Drexel Bldg., Philadelphia, Pa. Fifteenth Annual Summer Assembly, July 7-13, 1911, Milwaukee, Wis. Members, 3000. OFFICERS : Chancellor, Henry Berkowitz, 1823 North 33d, Phila., Pa.; Pres., Israel Cowen, Chicago, 111. ; Vice-Pres., Perry Prankel, Phila., Pa. ; Treas., Frank Newburger, Phila., Pa. ; Sec. and Director, Charles Edwin Fox, 988 Drexel Bldg., Phila., Pa. ; Field Sec, Jeannette Miriam Goldberg, Jefferson, Tex. BOARD OF TRUSTEES : William B. Hackenburg, George W. Ochs, Jacob Gimbel, Emil Selig, Isaac Hassler, Louis Gerstley, Perry Frankel, Alfred M. Klein, Samuel Grabfelder, Miss Corinne B. Arnold, Mrs. Joseph H. Rubin, Mrs. Fannie Muhr, Mrs. Charles Heidelberger, Mrs. H. Berkowitz, all of Phila., Pa.; Jacob H. Schiff and Alfred H. Newburger, both of N. Y. C.; Tobias Schanfarber, Chicago, 111.; Abram Simon, Washington, D. C.; Jacob Klein, Bridgeport, Conn.; Emil Mayer, St. Louis, Mo.; Frederick Lazarus, Columbus, O.; Frederick Ullman, Buffalo, N. Y.; Hon. Simon Wolf, Washington, D. C. EDUCATIONAL COUNCIL : Max Herzberg, D. W. Amram, Julius H. Green- stone, Lewis W. Steinbach, Miss Ella Jacobs, Joseph Krauskopf, all of Phila., Pa. ; Charles S. Bernheimer, Maurice II. Harris, Richard Gottheil, Lee K. Frankel, Morris Loeb, Solomon Schechter. Barnett A. Elzas, ail of N. Y. C. ; Gerson B. Levi, Emil G. Hirsch, Joseph Stolz, A. B. Yudelson, all of Chicago, III. ; Harry Levi, Wheeling, W. Va. ; Kaufmann Kohler, Cincinnati, O. ; William S. Friedman, Denver, Colo.; Henry Fisher, At- lantic City, N. J. ; Nathan Stern, Providence, R. I. CIRCLES : Alabama : Demopolis, Eufaula, Mobile, Selma, Tuscaloosa.— Connecticut: Bridgeport.—Florida : Jacksonville, Tampa.—Georgia : Al- bany, Atlanta, Brunswick, Savannah, West Point.—Illinois : Bloomington, Champaign, Danville.-—Indiana : Columbia City, Fort Wayne, Goshen, In- dianapolis, Ligonier, Marlon, Mount Vernon, Terre Haute.—Kentucky: Henderson, Paducah.—Louisiana : Donaldsonville, Lafayette, Natchitoches, New Orleans, Northern City, Shreveport.—Maryland : Baltimore.—Massa- chusetts : Worcester, 2.—Michigan: Grand Rapids, Jackson, Kalamazoo, Lansing, Petoskey, Saginaw.—Minnesota : Duluth, Minneapolis.—Missis- sippi : Canton, Columbus, Greenville, Greenwood, Lexington, Natchez, Vicksburg.—Missouri: Carthage, Columbia, Joplin, Louisiana, St. Louis.— New Jersey : Newark, 2, Passaic.—New York : Brooklyn, 2, Buffalo, New York, Niagara Falls, Schenectady, Troy.—North Carolina: Ashevllle, Charlotte, Goldsboro, Statesville, Wilmington.—Ohio : Bucyrus, Cincinnati, Cleveland, 3, Columbus, Dayton, Mansfield, Marion, Sandusky, Youngs- town.—Oklahoma : Oklahoma City.—Pennsylvania : Coatesvllle, Erie, Germantown, Philadelphia, 4, Reading, 2, Scranton, Williamsport.—South Carolina : Charleston.—Tennessee : Chattanooga, Columbia, Nashville, 3.— Texas : El Paso, Mineola, Waco.—Washington : Seattle.—West Virginia : Wheeling.—Wisconsin : Appleton, Eau Claire, Green Bay, Madison, Mil- waukee.—Canada : Hamilton, Ont., Toronto, 2. JEWISH PUBLICATION SOCIETY OF AMERICA 233

JEWISH CONSUMPTIVES' RELIEF SOCIETY Org., Jan. 2, 1904; inc., June 25, 1904. OFFICE : 412-415 Wyoming Bldg., Denver, Colo. Seventh Annual Meeting, April 16, 1911, Denver, Colo. Members, 20,000. Income 1911, $83,192.46. Capacity, 120 beds. Publishes The Sanatorium. OFFICERS : Pres., Philip Hillkowitz, 302 Metropolitan Bldg.; Vice-Pres., 0. M. Shere; Treas., S. L. Bresler; Sec, C. D. Spivak, 412-415 Wyoming Bldg., all of Denver, Colo. TRUSTEES : Sol. Bloomgarden, S. L. Bresler, S. F. Disraelly, Bdw. S. Goalstone, Ed. Grimes, David Gross, Philip Hillkowitz, Isidore Hurwitz, A. Judelowitz, C. H. Kauvar, Goodman Levin, Mrs. Louis Levy, Louis Rob- inson, I. Rude, Louis Schapiro, D. B. Simon. O. M. Shere, C. D. Spivak, Louis M. Weiner, Adolph Zederbaum, all of Denver, Colo.; Mrs. L. Bloch, N. T. C, representing New York Ladies' Auxiliary; Mrs. Harry Crown. St. Louis, representing St. Louis Ladies' Auxiliary; Mrs. I. Kol- insky, Denver, representing Denver Ladies' Auxiliary; Samuel Dorf, N. Y. C, representing Order Brith Abraham ; and Leon Sanders, N. Y. C, representing Independent Order Brith Abraham. AUXILIARY SOCIETIES : Colorado: Denver.—Connecticut: Hartford, Waterbury.—Georgia : Savannah.—Illinois : Chicago.—Massachusetts : Holyoke. Springfield.—-Missouri: Kansas City, St. Joseph, St. Louis.—New York : New York City.—Ohio : Cincinnati. Has support of Federated Charities in : Georgia : Atlanta.—Illinois : Chicago.—Indiana : Indianapolis.—Iowa : Des Moines.—Kentucky : Louis- ville.—Michigan : Detroit.—Minnesota : Minneapolis.—Missouri: Kansas City.—New Jersey : Perth Amboy.—Ohio : Dayton, Toledo.—Pennsylvania : Plttsburg.—Tennessee : Memphis, Nashville.—Wisconsin : Milwaukee.

JEWISH NATIONAL LABOR ALLIANCE OF AMERICA (YIDDISH NATIONAL ARBEITER VERBAND) Org., June 16, 1910. OFFICE : 165 East Broadway, New York City Members, 3000. Branches, 100. Purpose : Fraternal order. OFFICERS : Chairman, George Avrunin, 165 E. Bway., N. Y. C. ; Treas., N. Chermony, 340 Williams Av., Bklyn., N. Y.; Sec, Meyer L. Brown, 940 E. 180 St., N. Y. C. EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE : George Avrunin, Jacob Wexler, both of N. Y. C.; I. Appelbaum, N. Chermony, R. Platrot, all of Bklyn., N. Y. BRANCHES: Connecticut; New Britain, New Haven, Waterbury.—Illi- nois: Chicago.—Maryland: Baltimore.—Massachusetts: Boston. Brockton, Lynn, Maiden.—Michigan : Detroit.—Minnesota : Minneapolis. St. Paul.— Missouri: Kansas City, St. Louis.—Nebraska : Omaha.-—'New Jersey : Newark, Paterson.—New York: Albany, Brooklyn, Buffalo, New York, Rochester.—Ohio: Canton, Cincinnati, Cleveland. Columbus, Dayton, Toledo. —Pennsylvania : Philadelphia, Pittsburg.—Rhode Island : Providence.— Virginia : Richmond.—Wisconsin : Milwaukee.—Canada : Hamilton, Lach- mine, Montreal, Toronto, Winnipeg.

JEWISH PUBLICATION SOCIETY OF AMERICA Org., June 3, 1888. OFFICE : 608 Chestnut, Philadelphia, Pa. For the Report of the Twenty-fourth Year of The Jewish Publication Society of America, see p. 315 et seq. 234 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

JEWISH SOCIALIST-TERRITORIALIST LABOR PARTY OF AMERICA Org., Feb. 3, 1906. OFFICE : 66 Delancey, New York City Fourth Convention, Oct., 1911, Philadelphia, Pa. Members, 3000. Branches (of 25 members or more), 36; Groups (of less than 25 members), 18. CENTRAL COMSIITTEE: R. Awerbach, Mrs. Ch. Cohen, J. Cornay, J. Globus, A. Glanz, J. Lieberman, J. Sacoder, and S. Sternfeld, all of N. Y. C.; S. Rosenfeld, Toronto, Ont., Canada. SECKETARY : J. Cornay, 66 Delancey, N. Y. C. BRANCHES AND GROUPS : California: Los Angeles, San Francisco.— Colorado : Denver.—Connecticut: Bridgeport, Hartford, New Haven, Water- bury.—Illinois : Chicago, 2.-—Iowa : Sioux City.—Louisiana : New Orleans. —Maryland : Baltimore.—Massachusetts : Boston, Chelsea, Lynn, Maiden, New Bedford, Springfield, Worcester.—Michigan : Detroit.—Minnesota: Minneapolis.—Missouri: Kansas City, St. Louis.—Nebraska : Lincoln, Omaha.—New Jersey : Newark, Paterson, Trenton.—New York : Buffalo, Gloversville, New York City, 12, Rochester, Schenectady. Syracuse.—-Ohio: Akron, Cincinnati, Cleveland, Toledo.—Pennsylvania : Philadelphia, Pitts- burg.—Texas : Dallas, Galveston.—Wisconsin : Milwaukee.—Canada : Al- berta, Calgary, Hamilton, London, Montreal, Toronto, Winnipeg.

JEWISH THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY OF AMERICA Org., 1886. OFFICE : 531 W. 123d, New York City Thirteenth Biennial Meeting, Mch. 24, 1912. Nineteenth Commencement, June 2, 1912. Graduates, Rabbinical Course, in 1912, 7. Whole number of graduates, Rabbinical Course, 69. Whole number of graduates, Teachers' Course, 38. OFFICERS : Pres., Solomon Schechter; Chairman Board of Directors, Louis Marshall; Hon. Sec, Irving Lehman ; Treas., Daniel Guggenheim, all of N. Y. C. DIRECTORS : (for life) Daniel Guggenheim, Adolpb Lewisohn, Louis Marshall, Jacob H. Schiff, Felix M. Warburg, all of N. Y. C.; Philip S. Henry, Ashevllle, N. C. ; Cyrus Adler, Phila., Pa. ; Mayer Sulzberger, Phila., Pa. ; Simon Guggenheim, Washington, D. C.; (term expiring 1915) Sam- uel Greenbaum, Irvine Lehman, Morris Loeb, Simon M. Roeder, Sol. M. Stroock, all of N. Y. C.; William Gerstley, Phila., Pa., and Harry Frieden- wald, Baltimore, Md. EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE : Chairman, Louis Marshall: Cyrus Adler, Daniel Guggenheim, Simon M. Roeder, Jacob H. Schiff, Mayer Sulzberger. FACULTY : Pres.. and Professor of Jewish Theology, Solomon Schechter, M. A., Litt. D. (Cantab, and Harvard) ; Sabato Morals Professor of Biblical Literature and Exegesis, Israel Frledlaender, Ph.D. (Strasburg) ; Professor of Talmud, Louis Ginzberg, Ph. D. (Heidelberg) ; Professor of History, Alexander Marx, Ph. D. (Konigsberg) ; Professor of Homiletics, Mordecai M. Kaplan, M. A. (Columbia) ; Instructor in the Talmud, Joshua A. Joffe'; Associate Professor of Medifeval Hebrew Literature, Israel Davidson, Ph. D. (Columbia) ; Professor of English Literature and Rhetoric, Joseph Jacobs, B. A. (Cantab.), Litt. D. (Pennsylvania) ; Hazan and Instructor in Hazanut, Rev. Simon Jacobson; Instructor in Public Speaking, Grenville Klelser. LIBRARY STAFF : Librarian, Alexander Marx ; Cataloguer, Israel Shapira; Assistant in Library, Philip Abrahams. REGISTRAR : Joseph Jacobs. SECRETARY : Joseph B. Abrahams. NATIONAL CONFERENCE OF JEWISH CHARITIES 235

BRANCHES : Colorado : Denver.—Kentucky : Louisville.—Maryland : Baltimore.—Michigan : Detroit.—New Jersey : Newark.—New York : New York City.—Pennsylvania : Philadelphia.—Canada : Montreal. TEACHKRS' INSTITUTE, 132 E. 111th. Principal, Mordecai M. Kaplan, 188 E. 92d. Instructors : Israel Friedlaender, History ; Elias L. Solomon, Hebrew; Assistant Instructor: Hyman Goldtn. Special Committee: Samuel Greenbaum, Chairman ; Harry Fischel, Mordecai M. Kaplan, Irving Lehman, J. L. Magnes, Solomon Schechter, and Felix M. Warburg.

ALUMNI ASSOCIATION OF THE JEWISH THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY OF AMERICA Twelfth Annual Meeting, June 25-26, 1012, Tannersville, N. Y. OFFICERS : Pres., Jacob Kohn, 20 W. 107th ; Vlce-Pres., M. M. Kaplan ; Rec. Sec, Elias L. Solomon ; Cor. Sec, Nathan Wolf, 65 W. 11th, all of N. Y. C. ; Treas., S. Z. Prokesch, Hawthorne, N. Y. EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE: Alexander Basel, N. Y. C.; Julius H. Green- stone, Phila., Pa. ; Chas. I. Hoffman, Newark, N. J.; Chas. H. Kauvar, Denver, Colo. ; Max D. Klein, Phila., Pa. ; Herman H. Rubenovitz, Boston, Mass.

JUDAIC UNION Org., May 31, 1880. OFFICE : 5341 Knox, Philadelphia, Pa. Thirty-second Annual Convention, Feb. 12, 1912, Philadelphia, Pa. Members, 945. lodges, 6. OFFICERS : Grand Master, Harry Cohen, 424 Walnut, Phila., Pa.; Vice- Grand Master, Mark Grunebaum ; Grand Sec, S. J. Marx, 5241 Knox, Phila., Pa.; Grand Treas., Sam'l Stern. EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE : The Officers, and Arthur Cohen, Isaac Sadler, Wm. S. Samuels, Louis Sulka, Alex. Van Stratten. LODGES : Maryland : Baltimore.—Pennsylvania : Philadelphia, 5.

NATIONAL CONFERENCE OF JEWISH CHARITIES IN THE UNITED STATES Org., 1899. OFFICE: 411 W. Fayette, Baltimore, Md. Seventh Biennial Convention, June 9-12, 1912, Cleveland, 0. Members, 117 societies. OFFICERS : Pres., Cyrus L. Sulzberger, N. Y. C.; Vice-Pres., Chas. Eise- man, Cleveland, O. ; Aaron Cohen, Plttsburg, Pa. ; Morris D. Waldman, N. Y. C.; Sec, Louis H. Levin, 411 W. Fayette, Baltimore, Md.; Treas., Bernard Greensfelder, St. Louis, Mo. EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE : Nathan Bljur, N. Y. C.; Jacob Blllikopf, Kansas City, Mo. ; Fred M. Bntzel, Detroit, Mich. ; George L. Fox, Fort Worth, Tex.; Lee K. Frankel, N. Y. C.; Max Herzberg, Phila., Pa.; Jacob H. Hol- lander, Baltimore, Md.; Mrs. Belle Lindner Israels, N. Y. C.; Julian W. Mack, Chicago, 111.; Julius Rosenwald, Chicago, 111.; Max Senior, Cin- cinnati, O. CONSTITUENT SOCIETIES : Alabama : Birmingham, United Hebrew Chari- ties ; Mobile, United Hebrew Charities; Montgomery, United Hebrew Chari- ties.—Arkansas : H^t Swings, Hot Springs Relief Society ; Little Rock, Federation of Jewish Charities; Pine Bluff, Hebrew Relief Association.— 236 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

California : Los Angeles, Hebrew Benevolent Society ; San Francisco, Board of Relief; Stockton, Ladies Hebrew Benevolent Society.—Colorado: Colo- rado Springs, Hebrew Benevolent Society ; Denver, Jewish Consumptives Relief Society, Jewish Relief Society, National Consumptives Hospital.— Connecticut: New Haven, Hebrew Benevolent Society.—Delaware: Wil- mington, Hebrew Charity Association.—District of Columbia : Washington, United Hebrew Charities.—Florida: Pensacola, Congregation Beth El.— Georgia: Atlanta, Federation of Jewish Charities, Hebrew Orphans' Home, Monteflore Relief Association ; Savannah, Ladies Hebrew Benevolent So- city.—Illinois : Chicago, Associated Jewish Charities, Bureau of Personal Service, Chicago Women's Aid, Chicago Women's Loan Assn., Jewish Aid Society, Jewish Consumptive Relief Society ; Peoria, Hebrew Relief Asso- ciation.—Indiana : Evansville, Hebrew Benevolent Society ; Indianapolis, The Jewish Federation ; South Bend, Temple Beth El.—Iowa : Des Moines, Federated Jewish Charities : Sioux City, Jewish Ladies' Aid Society, United Hebrew Charity Association.—Kentucky : Louisville, Congregation Adath Israel, Federation of Jewish Charities ; Paducah, Congregation Temple Israel.—Louisiana : New Orleans, Association Relief of Jewish Widows and Orphans, Touro Infirmary and Hpbrew Benevolent Association ; Shreveport, Jewish Relief Society.—Maryland : Baltimore, Federated Jewish Charities, Hebrew Benevolent Society, United Jewish Charities.—Massachusetts : Bos- ton, Hebrew Women's Sewing Society, Section Council Jewish Women, United Hebrew Benevolent Society, Dorchester Centre, Leopold Morse Home and Orphanage.—Michigan : Detroit, Ladies Society for Support of Widows and Orphans, United Jewish Charities; Kalamazoo, Congregation B'nai Israel.—Minnesota : Duluth, Temple Aid Society ; Minneapolis, Associated Jewish Charities; St. Paul, Jewish Charities, Jewish Relief Society.— Mississippi: Meridian, Meridian Jewish Orphans' Home and Benevolent Association; Vicksburg, Associated Jewish Charities, Ladies' Hebrew Benevolent Society.—Missouri: Kansas City, Hachnosas Orchim, United Jewish Charities; St. Joseph, Jewish Ladies' Benevolent Society ; St. Louis, Jewish Charitable and Educational Union.—Nebraska: Lincoln, Jewish Ladies' Aid Society ; Omaha, Associated Jewish Charities.—New Jersey : Newark, Hebrew Orphan Asylum and Benevolent Society.—New York: Albany, Hebrew Benevolent Society, Jewish Home Society ; Brooklyn, Fed- eration of Jewish Charities ; Buffalo, Federated Jewish Charities, Hebrew Benevolent Loan Association; New York City, Baron De Hirsch Fund, Council Jewish Women, Free Synagogue, Hebrew Free Loan Association, Hebrew Orphan Asylum, Hebrew Sheltering and Immigrant Aid Society, Industrial Removal Office, Jewish Protectory, Ladles Fuel and Aid Society, Montefiore Home, United Hebrew Charities, Young Men's Hebrew Associa- tion ; Niagara Falls, Ladies Hebrew Benevolent Society; Rochester, Jewish Orphan Asylum Association of Western New York, United Jewish Charities; Syracuse, United Jewish Charities.—Ohio : Cincinnati, United Jewish Chari- ties ; Cleveland, Educational League, Federation of Jewish Charities, Jewish Orphan Asylum ; Columbus, Jewish Charities ; Dayton, Hebrew Ladies Relief Society ; Portsmouth, Ladies' Aid Society ; Toledo, Hebrew Ladies' Benevolent Society; Youngstown, Federated Jewish Charities.—Oregon: Portland, First Hebrew Benevolent Association, Jewish Women's Benevolent Society.—Pennsylvania : Braddock, Braddock Lodge, No. 516, I. O. B. B.; Lancaster, United Hebrew Charities Association; Philadelphia, Federa- tion of Jewish Charities, Jewish Foster Home and Orphan Asylum, Jewish Hospital, Orphans' Guardians, United Hebrew Charities, Young Women's Union ; Pittsburg, Council Jewish Women, United Hebrew Relief Associa- tion ; Scranton, Jewish Ladies' Relief Society ; Wilkes-Barre, Ladles Auxil- iary, Young Men's Hebrew Association.—South Carolina : Charleston, He- brew Benevolent Society.—Tennessee: Memphis. United Hebrew Relief Association ; Nashville. Hebrew Relief Society.—Texas : Dallas, Federated Jewish Charities : El Paso, Mt. Sinai Congregation ; Fort Worth, Hebrew Relief Society; Gainesville, United Hebrew Congregation; Galveston, He- brew Benevolent Society ; Houston, Beth Israel Benevolent Society, Jewish Women's Benevolent Association; San Antonio, Montefiore Benevolent Society ; Waco, Hebrew Benevolent Society.—Utah : Salt Lake City, Jewish NATIONAL, JEWISH FRATERNAL CONGRESS 237

Relief Society.—Virginia: Alexandria, Hebrew Benevolent Society ; Nor- folk, Ladies Hebrew Benevolent Society; Richmond, Congregation Beth Ahaba of Richmond, Hebrew Home for Aged and Infirm, Hebrew Ladies' Benevolent Society.—Washington: Seattle, Hebrew Ladies' Benevolent Society.—West Virginia : Wheeling, United Hebrew Charities.—Wisconsin : Milwaukee, Hebrew Relief Association, Ladies' Relief Sewing Society, Ladies' Sanitary and Benevolent Society, Mt. Sinai Hospital.

NATIONAL FARM SCHOOL Inc., Apl. 10, 1896. SCHOOL AND FARMS : Farm School, Bucks Co., Pa. OFFICE : 407 Mutual Life Bldg., Philadelphia, Pa. Fourteenth Annual Meeting, Oct. 15, 1911, Farm School, Bucks Co., Pa. Eleventh Annual Commencement, June 2, 1912. Number of graduates, 1912, 15. Whole number of graduates, 116. Members, 1800. OFFICERS : Pres., Joseph Krauskopf, 4715 Pulaski Av., Germantown, Pa. ; Vice-Pres., Harry B. Hirsch ; Treas., Isaac H. Silverman ; Executive Sec, A. H. Fromenson, 407 Mutual Life Bldg., all of Phila., Pa. DIRECTOR : J. H. Washburn. EXECUTIVE BOARD : A. Bamberger, B. Binswanger, Hart Blumenthal, W. Atlee Burpee, Adolph Eichholz, H. Felix, Simon Friedberger, Daniel Gimbel, S. Grabfelder, Isaac Landman, M. A. Kaufmann, Alfred M. Klein, Arnold Kohn, Howard A. Loeb, Leon Merz, Barney Selig, J. N. Snellenburg, all of Phila., Pa. NATIONAL AUXILIARY BOARD : Louis I. Aaron, Pittsburg, Pa.; Julius Adler, Portland, Ore. ; Henry Beer, New Orleans, La. ; I. W. Bernheim, Louisville, Ky. ; Henry Frank, Natchez, Miss.; M. J. Freiberg, Cincinnati, O. ; Bernard Ginsburg, Detroit, Mich. ; Mrs. Jacob H. Hecht, Boston, Mass. ; A. Hirshheimer, La Crosse, Wis. ; M. Horkheimer, Wheeling, W. Va.; Adolph Lewisohn, N. Y. C.; Louis Newberger. Indianapolis, Ind. ; Edw. E. Richards, Mnbile, Ala. ; E. Raab, Richmond, Va. ; Alex. Sanger, Dallas, Tex. ; David Sternberg, Memphis, Tenn. ; Sigmund B. Sonneborn, Baltimore, Md.; Harris Weinstock, Sacramento, Calif.; Ferdinand West- heimer, St. Joseph, Mo.; A. Younker, Des Moines, la. THE NORTH CAROLINA BRANCH OF THE NATIONAL FARM SCHOOL Org., Mch. 28, 1910, at Asheville, N. C. OBJECT : To promote the settling of graduates of the National Farm School on Hellman Farms and in other parts of North Carolina. OFFICERS : Judge J. C. Pritchard, Chairman ; F. W. Cone, Secretary. COMMITTEE : G. Alexander, J. A. Campbell, H. L, Finkelstein, W. A. Hildebrand, R. S. Jones, S. Lipinsky, M. D. Long, J. Lowenbein, S. H. Michaelev, G. S. Powell, E. L. Ray, J. S. Silverstein, and S. Sternberg, all of Asheville, N. C. ; Caesar Cone, Greensboro, N. C. ; S. Friedman, Rock Hill, S. C. ; Sol. Gellert, Rutherfordton, N. C. ; A. J. Lemort, Tyron, N. C.; Wm. Wallace, Statesville, N. C.; Sol. Weil, Goldsboro, N. C.; T. C. Westall, East Flat Rock, N. C.

NATIONAL JEWISH FRATERNAL CONGRESS Org., Apl., 1911. OFFICE : 78 Second Av., New York City Members, 600,000. OFFICERS : Pres., Leon Sanders ; Vice-Pres., Samuel Dorf; Treas., S. R. Schultz ; Sec, Sigmund Fodor, 78 2d Av., all of N. Y. C. ORDEISS : Illinois : Chicago, Independent Order Western Star.—Missouri: 238 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

St. Louis, Progressive Order of the West.—New Jersey : Newark, Order King Solomon; Passaic, Independent Order Free Sons of Joseph.—New York : New York City, Independent Order Ahawas Israel; Independent Order Brith Abraham ; Independent Order Free Sons of Judah ; Order Brith Abra- ham ; Order of Ziqn; Workingmen's Circle.—Pennsylvania: Philadelphia, Order Brith Sholom.

NATIONAL JEWISH HOSPITAL FOR CONSUMPTIVES

Org., 1899. OFFICE : 3800 B. Colfax Av.t Denver, Colo. Twelfth Annual Meeting, Nov., 1911, New York City. Members, 17,000. Patients treated, 1994. OFFICERS : Pres., Samuel Grabfelder, Merchants and Mariner Bldg., Philadelphia, Pa.; VIce-Pres., David May, St. Louis, Mo.; Treas., Ben. Althelmer, St. Louis, Mo.; Sec, Mrs. S. Pisko, 3800 B. Colfax Av., Denver, Colo. EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE : The Officers, and J. Walter Freiberg, Cincinnati, O. ; William S. Friedman, Denver, Colo.; Louis Gerstley, Phila., Pa.; David S. Lehman, Denver, Colo. ; Martin A. Marks, Cleveland, O.; Louis D. Shoen- berg, N. Y. C.

NATIONAL JEWISH IMMIGRATION COUNCIL Org-, March 5, 1911. OFFICE : 43 Exchange PI., New York City Delegates and members at large, 18. Constituent societies, 10. Purpose : General supervision of all work for Jewish Immigrants at the seaports of the United States. OFFICERS : Chairman, Abr. I. Elkus, 170 Bway., N. Y. C.; Vice-Chair- man. Max Mitchell, 43 Hawkins. Boston, Mass.; Sec. and Treas., H. L. Sabsovlch, 43 Exchange PI.. N. Y. C. EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE : Chairman, Leon Sanders, N. Y. C.; Sec, D. M. Bressler, N. Y. C.; Abr. I. Elkus, N. Y. C.; Max J. Kohler, N. Y. C.; Louis H. Levin, Baltimore. Md.; Louis E. Levy, Phila., Pa. MEMBERS AT LARGE : Nathan BIJur, N. Y. C.; Oscar S. Straus, N. Y. C.; Simon Wolf, Washington, D. C. CONSTITUENT SOCIETIF.S : Maryland: Baltimore, Federated Charities, Hebrew Immigrants Protective Association.—Massachusetts: Boston, Fed- erated Charities.—New York : New York City, American Jewish Committee, Board of Delegates of Union of American Hebrew Congregations, Com- mittee on Immigrant Aid of National Council of Jewish Women, Execu- tive Committee of Union of Orthodox Jewish Congregations, Jewish Im- migration Committee.—Pennsylvania : Philadelphia, Association for the Protection of Jewish Immigrants.—Texas : Galveston, Jewish Immigrants Information Bureau.

NATIONAL UNION OF JEWISH SHELTERING SOCIETIES Org., July 30, 1911. OFFICE : 229-231 East Broadway, New York City Members, 36 communities. Purpose : To help worthy wayfarers ; to put a check on habitual wan- derers, and to prevent wife-deserters from using the Hachnosas Orchim as a means of escape from family responsibilities. ORDER BRITH ABRAHAM 239

OFFICERS : Pres., Leon Sanders, N. Y. C.; Vice-Pres., S. H. Brodsky, Newark, N. J. ; Mrs. H. Finkelpearl, Pittsburg, Pa.; A. Kress, Baltimore, Md.; M. Meyerowltz, Chicago III.; Mendel Silber, Albuquerque, N. M. ; Treas., Max Meyerson, N. Y. C.; Hon. Sec, I. Hershtfeld, N. Y. C. EXECUTIVE BOARD : M. J. S. Abels, Altoona, Pa.: M. Blech- shlager, Cincinnati. O.; Mrs. S. Bloch, Indianapolis, Ind.; M. J. Braude, Syracuse, N. Y. ; S. H. Brodsky, Newark, N. J. ; Henry J. Conn, Rich- mond, Va.; A. Coll, Spokane, Wash.; A. Concors, N. Y. C.: Mrs. H. Finkel- pearl, Pittsburg, Pa. ; I. Hershfleld, N. Y. C. ; Mrs. W. Klebansky, Phila., Pa. ; A. Kress, Baltimore, Md. ; Rev. H. Masliansky, N. Y. C. ; Jacob Massel, N. Y. C.; M. Meyerowitz, Chicago, 111.; Max Meyersohn, N. Y. C. ; L. Poliaknff, Newark, N. J.; — Rissman, Chicago, 111.; Leon Sanders, N. Y. C.; A. L. Schiller, Scranton, Pa. ; M. B. Schlom, Wilkes-Barre, Pa. ; A. J. Shon, Fall River, Mass.; Mendel Silber, Albuquerque, N. M. ; I. Warsaw, Waco, Tex.; W. Wittenstein, Bridgeport, Conn. COMMUNITIES : California: Los Angeles, San Francisco.—Connecticut: Bridgeport, Norwich.—Delaware : Wilmington.—District of Columbia : Washington.—Georgia : Atlanta.—Illinois : Chicago.—Indiana : Indianap- olis.—Maryland: Baltimore.—Massachusetts: Fall River.—New Jersey: Bayonne, Elizabeth, Newark, Paterson, West Hoboken.—New York: Gloversville, Rochester, Schenectady, Syracuse, Watertown.—Ohio : Cincin- nati, Zanesville.—Pennsylvania : Philadelphia, Pittsburg. Scranton, Wilkes- Barre.—South Carolina : Charleston.—Texas : Fort Worth, Waco.—Vir- ginia : Norfolk, Portsmouth, Richmond.—Washington: Spokane, Tacoma. —Canada: Montreal.

ORDER BRITH ABRAHAM Org., June 12, 1859. OFFICE : 266 Grand, New York City Twenty-sixth Biennial Convention, May 7, 1911, Indianapolis, Ind. Members, 72,295. Lodges, 367. OFFICERS : Grand Master, Samuel D"rf, N. Y. C.; First Deputy Grand Master, M. Schoenfeld, N. Y. C. ; Second Deputy Grand Master, B. Mantel, Indianapolis. Ind. ; Third Deputy Grand Master, D. Grody, Syracuse, N. Y. : Grand Treas.. Barnet Friedman; Grand Sec, Geo. W. Leisersohn, 266 Grand; Counsel to the Order, Hon. H. M. Goldfogle, all of N. Y. C. LODGES : Alabama : Birmingham.—California : Los Angeles, San Fran- cisco, 3.-—Colorado : Denver, 2, Pueblo.—Connecticut : Hartford, 2, New Britain, New Haven, New London, Norwich, South Norwalk, Waterbury, 2.—District of Columbia : Washington.—Georgia : Atlanta, Macon, Savan- nah.—Illinois : Chicago, 29, La Salle, Penria.—Indiana : Indianapolis, 3, Lafayette, Gary.—Iowa : Centerville, Des Moines.—Kentucky : Louisville, 2. —Louisiana : Shreveport.—Maine : Bangor, Biddeford, Lewiston, Portland. —Maryland : Baltimore, 5.—Massachusetts : Boston, 25. Chelsea, East Bos- ton, Fall River, 3, Haverhill, Holyoke, Lawrence, 2, Maiden, New Bedford, Salem, 2, South Framingham, Springfield, Worcester, 2.—Michigan : Detroit, 2.—Minnesota: Duluth, 3, Eveleth, Hibbing, Minneapolis, 6, St. Paul.— Missouri: Kansas City, 2, St. Joseph, St. Louis, 10.—Montana : Butte.— Nebraska : Omaha.— New Hampshire : Manchester.—New Jersey : Newark, 9, Paterson, 3.—New York : Albany, Binghamton, Buffalo, 2, Elmira, Hud- son, New York City, 139, Peekskill, Rochester, 2, Syracuse, 3, Troy, Utica, 2. —Ohio : Cincinnati, Cleveland, 6, Loraln, Toledo. 2, Youngstown.—Pennsyl- vania : Chester, Hazleton, Johnstown, New Castle, Philadelphia, 9, Pitts- burg, 4, Reading, Scranton, Wilkes-Barre, 2.—Rhode Island : Providence, 7, Woonsocket.—Texas : Dallas, 2, Houston, San Antonio, Waco.—Vermont: Burlington.—Virginia : Newport News, Norfolk. Richmond.—Washington : Bellingham, Seattle.—Wisconsin : La Crosse, Milwaukee, 2, West Superior. 16 240 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

ORDER KESHER SHEL BARZEL Org., 1860. OFFICE : 342 E. 50th, New York City Biennial Convention of District Grand Lodge, No. 1, Feb. 28, 1912, New York City. Members, 335. Lodges, 29. OFFICERS : Pres., Jacob Ankel; Sec, Moses Greenbaum, 342 E. 50th, both of N. Y. C. EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE: M. Kreisler; H. Beck; Wm. Bernard; S. Cole- man ; L. Bauman. LODGES : Connecticut: Hartford, New Haven.—Massachusetts : Boston. —New Jersey : Jersey City, Newark, 2.—New York : Albany, Brooklyn, 2, Buffalo, Elmira, Kingston, New York City, 18, Ogdensburg, Poughkeepsie, Rochester, Syracuse, Troy.

ORDER KNIGHTS OF JOSEPH Org., Feb. 14, 1896. OFFICE : 34 Blackstone Bldg., Cleveland, O. Ninth Biennial Convention, Sept. 28-31, 1910, Rock Island, 111. Members, 12,000. Lodges, 80. OFFICERS : Supreme Commander, J. C. Bloch, 615 Williamson Bldg., Cleveland, O.; First Supreme Vice-Commander, S. Willner, St. Louis, Mo.; Second Supreme Vice-Commander, John M. Kantor, Chicago, 111. ; Supreme Sec, D. J. Zinner, Cleveland, O. ; Supreme Treas, N. L. Holstein, Cleve- land, O.; Endowment Treas., A. Jacobs, Cleveland, O. ; Supreme Auditor, M. S. Freiberger, Cleveland, 0. LODGES : Connecticut: New Haven.—Illinois : Chicago, 15, Rock Island, 2, Springfield.—Indiana : Indianapolis.—Kentucky : Louisville.—Missouri: St. Louis, 6.—New Jersey : Camden, Newark, Passaic, Paterson, 2.—New York: Buffalo, 5, Rochester, 3.—Ohio: Cincinnati, 5, Cleveland, 8, Co- lumbus, 2, Toledo.—Pennsylvania : Philadelphia, 17, Pittsburg, 5.—Tenn- essee : Nashville.—Wisconsin : Milwaukee.

* ORDER KNIGHTS OF MACCABEES LODGES : Bangor, Me., Queen City Tent; Denver, Colo., Dr. Herzl Lodge, Secretary, Louis Lipschitz; Montefiore Tent No. 20, Organized, June 1, 1896, Secretary, M. Grldenberg; Colorado Tent No. 51, Organized, March 7, 1904, Secretary, A. Schapiro.

ORDER KNIGHTS OF ZION (WESTERN FEDERATION OF ZIONISTS) Org., Oct. 25, 1898. OFFICE : Chicago, 111. Fifteenth Annual Convention, Dec. 28, 1911-Jan. 1, 1912, Detroit, Mich. Members, 3000 : Male, 2500 ; female, 500. Gates, 28. OFFICERS : Grand Master, Max Shulman, 1108 Ashland Blk.; Grand Vice- Master, Geo. K. Rosenzweig; Grand Treas., B. Antonow ; Grand Sec, BenJ. Perlstein, 1400 W. Taylor, all of Chicago, 111. GATES : Illinois : Chicago.—Indiana : Indiana Harbor, South Bend.— Iowa : Sioux City.—Kansas : Wichita.—Michigan : Detroit.—Minnesota : Duluth, Minneapolis.—Nebraska : Lincoln, Omaha.—Wisconsin : Kenosha, La Crosse, Madison, Milwaukee. PROGRESSIVE ORDER OF THE WEST 241

ORDER SONS OF ZION Org., Apl. 19, 1908. OFFICE : 254 East Broadway, New York City Fourth Annual Convention, June 15-16, 1912, Newark, N. J. Members, 2004. Lodges, 49. PURPOSE : Fraternal and Zionlstic. OFFICERS : Nasi, Leon Zolotkoff; Segan Rishon, Joseph Barondess; Segan Sheni, Joshua Sprayregen; Gisbor, H. B. Isaacson ; Maskir, Jacob Ish Kishor. EXECDTIVE COMMITTEE : Isaac Allen, Charles L. Apfel, J. I. Bluestone, Nathan Chazan, Henry Eiser, Abe Goldberg, Leo Goldberger, David P. Goldstein, Jacob Massel, Sol. Neumann, Nathan Prensky, Abr. Price, J. Rabinowitz, Morris Salem, Victor Schwartz, Aaron Slutzky, Judge Strahl, Samuel Wagner, and Moe Werbelowsky. Counsellor, Max Perlman. CAMPS : Connecticut: Colchester, Hartford, Meriden, New Britain, New Haven, Stamford, Waterbury.—Massachusetts: Boston, Brockton, Chelsea, Holyoke, Pittsfield.—Missouri : St. Louis.—New Jersey : Jersey City, New- ark, 5, Paterson, Perth Amboy, 2, Plainfleld, Trenton.—New York : Brook- lyn, 6, Buffalo, New York, 13, Port Chester, Rochester, Syracuse.—Ohio: Cleveland.—Pennsylvania : Philadelphia, Scranton, Wilkes-Barre.—Rhode Island : Pawtucket, Providence.—Virginia : Portsmouth, Richmond.—Wis- consin : Superior.

ORDER UNITED HEBREWS OF AMERICA HEADQUARTERS : Boston, Mass. Eighth Annual Convention, May 27, 1912. OFFICERS : Pres., John S. Albert; Vice-Pres., Morris Diamond, Z. Pi- nansky ; Grand Treas., A. J. Bennett; Grand Sec, L. Davis ; Counsel of the Order, B. White; Medical Examiner, N. Friedman. EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE : A. Altshuler, M. Appel, T. Berman, A. Bucnoltz, Aaron Cohen, Abr. Cohen, Harry Cohen, Hyman Cohen, H. j. Danzig, H. Feldman, J. Freedman, J. Glickman, M. Krantzman, H. Lipie, I. Massell, H. Orenberg, L. Taylor.

PROGRESSIVE ORDER OF THE WEST Org., Feb. 13, 1896. OFFICE : 11th and Franklin Av., St. Louis, Mo. Sixteenth Annual Convention, Jan. 28-31, 1912, Cincinnati, O. Members, 12,563. Lodges, 79. OFFICERS : Grand Master, B. Frank, 3103 Thomas, St. Louis, Mo.; First Deputy Grand Master, H. L. Brody, Chicago, 111. ; Second Deputy Grand Master, Abe Levy, St. Louis, Mo.; Third Deputy Grand Master, J. Zucker- man, Cleveland, O.; Grand Sec, Morris Shapiro, St. Louis, Mo.; Grand Treas., Jacob Lasky, St. Louis, Mo.; Beneficiary Treas., Sam Kranzberg, St. Louis, Mo.; Counsellor of the Order, Max Levy, Cincinnati, O. LODGES : District of Columbia : Washington, 2.—Illinois : Chicago, 26, Maywood, Peoria.—Indiana : Indianapolis.—Kansas : Kansas City.—Ken- tucky : Louisville.—Maryland : Baltimore, 2.—Michigan : Detroit.—Minne- sota : St. Paul.—Missouri : Kansas City, 3, St. Louis, 17.—New York : Syracuse, 2.—Ohio: Cincinnati, 2, Cleveland, 4.—Pennsylvania: Phila- delphia, 4.—Texas : Beaumont, Dallas, Fort Worth.—West Virginia : Charleston.—Wisconsin : Milwaukee, 3. 242 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

SIGMA ALPHA MU FRATERNITY Org., 1909. OFFICE : Care of Alpha Chapter, College of the City of New York. PURPOSE : Fraternity for Jewish College Men. CHAPTERS : Alpha, College of the City of New York; Beta, Cornell University, Ithaca, N. Y. ; Gamma, Columbia University. New York City ; Delta, Long Island College Hospital, Brooklyn, N. Y. ; Epsilon, College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York City.

UNION OF AMERICAN HEBREW CONGREGATIONS Org., 1873. OFFICE : Cincinnati, O. Twenty-third Council will meet Jan. 21, 1913, Cincinnati, O. Members, 179 Congregations. Four Departments: I. Executive and Financial, President, J. Walter Freiberg, Cincinnati. II. Hebrew Union College, Pres., Board of Governors, Edward L. Heinsheimer, Cincinnati, O. III. Board of Delegates on Civil Rights, Chairman, Simon Wolf, 700 14th, N. W., Washington, D. C. IV. Board of Managers of Synagogue and School Extension, Chairman, Sol. Fox; Director, Rabbi George Zepin ; both of Cincinnati, O. EXECCTIVE BOARD FOR 1912: Pres., J. Walter Freiberg, Cincinnati, O. ; Vice-Pres., Chas. Shohl, Cincinnati, O.; Treas., Solomon Fox, Cin- cinnati, O. ; Sec, Llptnan Levy, Fourth Natl. Bk. Bldg., Cincinnati, O.; Isaac W. Bernheim, Louisville, Ky. ; Bernhard Bettmann, Cincinnati, O.; Josiah Cohen, Pittsburg, Pa.; Bernard Ginsburg, Detroit, Mich.; Louis J. Goldman, Cincinnati, O. ; Edw. L. Heinsheimer, Cincinnati, O.; Adolf Kraus, Chicago, 111. ; David Leventritt, N. Y. C.; Moritz Loth, Cincin- nati, O.; Baruch Mahler, Cleveland, O. ; Martin A. Marks, Cleveland, O.; Max B. May, Cincinnati, O. ; Adolph S. Ochs, N. Y. C.; Abram Oppenhelmer, Buffalo, N. Y. ; Marcus Rauh, Pittsburg, Pa. ; Slgmund Rheinstrom, Cincinnati. 0.; Simon W. Rosendale, Albany, N. Y.; Julius Rosenwald, Chicago, 111.; Jacob H. Schiff, N. Y. C.; Jacob Schnadig, Chicago, 111. ; Emil Selig. Phila., Pa. ; Lucius L. Solomons, San Francisco, Calif. ; Maurice Stern, New Orleans, La.; Samuel Straus, Cincinnati, 0. Isaac Strouse, Baltimore, Md.; Solomon Sulzberger, N. Y. C. BOARD OF GOVERNORS OF THE HEBREW UNION COLLEGE FOR. 1912-14 Henry Berkowitz, Philadelphia, Pa. ; Bernhard Bettmann, Cincinnati, O. Alfred M. Cohen, Cincinnati, O. ; Nathan Drueker, Norwood, Cincinnati O.; Maurice J. Freiberg, Cincinnati, O.; Moses J. Gries, Cleveland, O. Edward L. Heinsheimer, Cincinnati, O. ; Emil G. Hirsch, Chicago, 111. Harry M. Hoffheimer, Cincinnati, O. ; Alfred M. Klein, Phila., Pa.; Joseph Krauskopf, Germantown, Phila., Pa.; Irwin M. Krohn, Cincinnati, O.; Max Landsberg, Rochester, N. Y. ; Charles S. Levi, Peoria, 111.; J. Leonard Levy, Pittsburg, Pa. ; Myer Oettlnger, Cincinnati, O. ; Jacob Ottenheimer, Cincinnati, O.; David Phillpson, Cincinnati, O.; Emil Pollak, Cincinnati, O.; M. Samfleld, Memphis, Tenn.; Joseph Silverman, N. Y. C.; Joseph Stolz, Chicago, 111. ; Henry Wangenheim, San Francisco, Calif.; Eli Winkler, Cincinnati, 0. BOARD OF DELEGATES ON CIVIL RIGHTS FOR 1912 : Chairman, Simon Wolf, Washington. D. C.; Milton L. Anfenger, Denver, Colo.; Ralph Bam- berger, Indianapolis, Ind. ; Bernhard Bettmann, Cincinnati, O.; Leon Block, Kansas City, Mo. ; E. N. Calisch, Richmond, Va. ; Josiah Cohen, Pitts- burg, Pa.; Myer Cohen, Washington, D. C.; Morris M. Cohn. Little Rock, Ark.; Nathan Cohn, Nashville, Tenn.; Israel Cowen. Chicago, III. ; Harry Cutler, Providence, R. I. : Levi H. David, Washington, D. C. ; Felix J. Dreyfous. New Orleans, La. ; Abram I. Elkus, New York City; Harry Franc, Washington, D. C. ; Leo M. Franklin, Detroit, Mich. ; Nathan Frank, St. Louis. Mo. ; J. Walter Freiberg. Cincinnati. 0.; Jacob Furth, St. Louis, Mo. ; Henry M. Goldfogle, N. Y. C.; Louis J. Goldman, Cincinnati, O.; Joseph B. Greenhut, Peoria, 111.; Moses J. UNION OF AMERICAN HEBREW CONGREGATIONS 243

Grles, Cleveland, O.; Win. B. Hackenburg, Phlla., Pa.; Henry Hanaw, Mobile, Ala.; Joseph Hlrsh, Vicksburg, Miss.; Morris Horkheimer, Wheel- ing, W. Va.; Marcus .Tacobi, Wilmington, N. C.; Julius Kahn, San Francisco, Calif.; Max J. Kohler, N. Y. C.; Adolf Kraus, Chicago, 111.; Emil Lesser, Birmingham, Ala.; B. L. Levinthal, Phila., Pa.; J. Leonard Levy, Pittsburg, Pa.; Julian W. Mack, Washington, D. C.; Lewis W. Marcus, Buffalo, N. Y.: David Marx, Atlanta, Ga. ; T. M. Mordecai, Charleston, S. C.; Jacob Nieto, San Francisco, Calif.; Julius Peyser, Washington, D. C.; M. Warley Platzek, N. Y. C.; Wm. Rosenau, Baltimore, Md.; Simon W. Rosen- dale, Albany, N. Y.; Julius Rosenwald, Chicago, 111. ; David Rothschild, Davenport, la. ; Charles A. Rubenstein, Baltimore, Md. ; Lewis Seasongood, Cincinnati, O.; Alfred Selligman, Louisville, Ky. ; Charles Shohl, Cincinnati, O.; Abram Simon, Washington, D. C. ; Lucius L. Solomons, San Francisco. Calif.; Louis Stern, Washington, D. C.; Samuel Ullman, Birmingham, Ala.; Isaac M. Ullman, New Haven, Conn.; Henry Wallenstein, Wichita, Kan.; Jonas Weil, Minneapolis, Minn.; Sol. Well, Goldsboro, N. C. ; Eugene F. Westheimer, St. Joseph, Mo.; Leo Wise, Cincinnati, O. ; Edwin Wolf, Phila., Pa.; Adolphe Wolfe, Portland, Ore. BOARD OF MANAGERS OP SYNAGOGUE AND SCHOOL EXTENSION : Sec, George Zepin, 90 Carew Bids?., Cincinnati, O. ; Israel Cowen, Chicago, III.; Harry Cutler, Providence, R. I. ; Solomon Fox, Cincinnati, O. ; J. Walter Freiberg, Cincinnati, 0.; Louis J. Goldman, Cincinnati, O.; J. Leon- ard Levy, Pittsburg, Pa.; Moritz Loth, Cincinnati, O. ; Martin A. Marks, Cleveland, 0.; Max B. May, Cincinnati, O. ; Sigmund Rheinstrom, Cincinnati, O.; Julius Rosenwald, Chicago, 111. ; Joseph Schonthal, Columbus, O.; Alfred Selligman, Louisville, Ky.; Chas. Shohl, Cincinnati, O.; Samuel Straus, Cincinnati, O.; Abr. J. Sunstein, Pittsburg, Pa. HEBREW UNION COLLEGE : Faculty: Pres., Kaufmann Kohler, Ph. D. (Erlangen), Professor of Homiletics, Theology, and Hellenistic Literature; Gotthard Deutsch, Ph.D. (Vienna), Professor of Jewish History and Lit- erature; Louis Grossmann, D. D. (H. U. C), Professor of Ethics and Peda- fogy; David Neumark, Ph.D. (Berlin), Professor of Jewish Philosophy; acob Z. Lauterbach, Ph.D. (Goettingen), Professor of Talmud; Moses Buttenwieser, Ph. D. (Heidelberg), Associate Professor of Biblical Exegesis ; Henry Englander, Ph. D. (Brown), Associate Professor of Biblical Exegesis and Biblical History; Julian Morgenstern, Ph.D. (Heidelberg), Associate Professor of Bible and Semitic Languages. Special Instructors: Boris D. Bogen, Ph.D. (New York University), Sociology with reference to Jewish Philanthropy; David Philipson, D. D. (H. U. C.)i Lecturer on History of the Reform Movement and the Activities of the Rabbi; Benj. Carlton Van Wye, A. II.. Elocution. Corresponding Members nf the Faculty: Aaron Hahn (1887) ; David Davidson (1892) ; Emil G. Hirsch (1901). CONGREGATIONS : Alabama : Anniston, Beth El; Birmingham, Emannel; Demopolis, Bene Jeshurun ; Mobile, Shaare Shamayim ; Montgomery, Kehal Montgomery; Selma, Mishkan Israel.—Arkansas : Camden, Beth El Emeth ; Fort Smith. United Hebrew; Helena, Beth El; Hot Springs, House of Israel; Little Rock, Bene Israel; Pine Bluff, Anshe Emeth.—California: Los Angeles, Bene Berith; Sacramento, Bene Israel; San Francisco, Emanuel; Stockton, Ryhim Ahoovim.—Colorado : Denver, Emanuel; Trini- dad, Aaron.—Connecticut; Hartford, Beth Israel; New Haven, Mlshkan Israel; Waterbury, Temple Israel.—District of Columbia: Washington, Washington Hebrew.—Florida : Jacksonville, Ahavath Chesed ; Pensacola, Beth El; Tampa, Shaare Zedek.—Georgia : Albany, Bene Israel: Atlanta, Hebrew Benevolent; Columbus, Bene Israel; Maeon, Beth Israel; Savannah, Mickva Israel.—Illinois : Bloomington, Moses Monteflore; Cairo, Monte- fiore; Chicago, Anshe Maarab, Bene Sholom. Chicago Sinai, Isaiah Temple, North Chicago Hebrew; Danville. Reform ; Lincoln, Beth El ; Peoria, Anshe Emeth.—Indiana : Evansville, Bene Israel; Fort Wayne, Achduth Veshalom; Gary, Temple Israel; Indianapolis, Indianapolis Hebrew; Kokomo, Sbaare Shamayim ; Lafayette, Ahabath Achim ; Ligonier, Ahabath Shalom; Madison, Adath Israel; Mount Vernon, Anshe Israel; Muncie, Beth El • Peru, Or Zion ; South Bend, Beth El; Terre Haute, Temple Israel; 244 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

Wabash, Rodef Shalom.—Iowa: Davenport, Bene Israel; Des Moines, Bene Jeshurun: Sioux City, Mt. Sinai.—Kansas: Wichita, Emanuel.—Ken- tucky : Henderson, Adath Israel; Lexington, Adath Israel; Louisville, Adath Israel; Owensboro, Adath Israel; Paducah, Temple Israel.— Louisiana : Baton Rouge, Bene Israel ; Monroe, Bene Israel; New Iberia, Gates of Prayer; New Orleans, Gates of Mercy, Dispersed of Judah, Temple Sinai, Gates of Prayer; Shreyeport, Hebrew Zion.—Maryland: Baltimore, Baltimore Hebrew, Har Sinai, Oheb Shalom ; Cumberland, Bair Chayim.—Massachusetts : Boston, Adath Israel.—Michigan : Bay City, Anshe Chesed; Detroit, Beth El ; Grand Rapids, Emanuel ; Kalamazoo, Bene Israel; Saginaw, Beth El.—Minnesota : St. Paul, Mount Zion Hebrew. —Mississippi: Greenville, Hebrew Union ; Greenwood, Beth Israel; Merid- ian, Beth Israel; Natchez, Bene Israel ; Port Gibson, Gemiluth Chasadim ; Vicksburg, Anshe Chesed.—-Missouri: Kansas City, Bene Jehudah ; Spring- field, Temple Israel; St. Joseph, Adath Joseph ; St. Louis, Shaare Emeth, Temple Israel.—Montana : Helena, Emanuel.—Nebraska : Lincoln, Bene Jeshurun; Omaha, Israel.—New Jersey: Atlantic City, Beth Israel; Newark, Bene Jeshurun.—New York: Albany, Beth Emeth; Bingham- ton, Hebrew Reform Society; Brooklyn, Congregation Beth Elohim, Temple Beth Elohim, Temple Israel; Buffalo, Temple Beth Zion ; New York City, Ahabath Chesed Shaare Hashomayim, Beth El, Rodef Shalom, Temple Emanuel, Temple Israel of Harlem ; Niagara Palls, Temple Beth El; Rochester, Berith Kodesh ; Syracuse, Society of Concord.—North Carolina: Asheville, Beth ha Tephila; Goldsboro, Oheb Shalom ; New Berne, B'nai Sholom ; Statesville, Emanuel.—Ohio: Akron, Akron Hebrew ; Canton, Can- ton Hebrew; Cincinnati, Bene Israel, Bene Jeshurun, She'erith Israel, Ahabath Achim ; Cleveland, Anshe Chesed, Tiferith Israel; Columbus, Bene Israel; Dayton, Bene Jeshurun; East Liverpool, Bene Israel; Hamilton, Bene Israel; Lima, Beth Israel; Piqua, Anshe Emeth ; Portsmouth, Bene Abraham; Sandusky, Beth Israel ; Springfield, Oheb Zedakah ; Toledo, Shomer Emunim ; Youngstown, Rodef Shalom ; Zanesville, Keneseth Israel. —Oklahoma: Enid, Emanuel : Oklahoma City, Temple B'nai Israel.— Oregon : Portland, Temple Beth Israel.—Pennsylvania : Allentown, Kene- seth Israel; Altoona, Hebrew Reformed; Easton, B'rith Sholem; Erie, Anshe Chesed; Harrisburg, Oheb Shalom ; Hazleton, Beth Israel; Hones- dale, Beth Israel; Lancaster, Shaare Shamayim ; Meadville, Meadville Hebrew Society ; Philadelphia, Keneseth Israel, Rodef Shalom ; Pittsburg, Rodef Shalom; Riending, Oheb Sholom ; Scranton, Anshe Chesed; Titus- ville, Bene Zion ; Wilkes-Barre, Bene Berith ; York, Beth Israel.—Rhode Island: Providence, Sons of Israel and David.—Tennessee : Chattanooga, Mizpah; Knoxville, Beth El; Memphis, Children of Israel; Nashville, Ohabe Shalom.—Texas: Dallas. Emanuel ; El Paso, Mt. Sinai ; Port Worth, Beth El; Gainesville, United Hebrew; Galveston, Bene Israel; Houston, Beth Israel; Marshall, Moses Montefiore; San Antonio, Beth El; Waco, Rodef Shalom.—Utah : Salt Lake City, Bene Israel.—Virginia: Alex- andria, Beth El; Norfolk. Oheb Shalom; Petersburg, Rodef Sholom; Richmond, Beth Ahaba.—Washington : Seattle, Temple de Hirsch.—West Virginia: Charleston, Hebrew Educational Society; Huntington, Oheb Shalom ; Wheeling, Leshem Shamayim.—Wisconsin : La Crosse, Anshe Chesed ; Milwaukee, Emanuel.

ALUMNI ASSOCIATION OP THE HEBREW UNION COLLEGE Org., 1906. Hebrew Union College, Cincinnati, Ohio Members, 132. Purpose: To promote welfare of the Hebrew Union College and strengthen fraternal feeliDg among graduates of Hebrew Union College. OFFICERS : Pres., David Marx, Atlanta, Ga. ; Vlce-Pres., Edward Calisch, Richmond Va.; Treas., George Zepin, Cincinnati, O.; Historian, George Solomon, Savannah, Ga.; Sec, Julian H. Miller, 515 Douglas, Chattanooga, Tenn. EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE : Samuel Goldenson, Albany, N. Y. ; Joseph Jasin, Niagara Falls, N. Y. ; Abr. Simon, Washington, D. C. UNITED ORTHODOX RABBIS OF AMERICA 245

UNION OF ORTHODOX JEWISH CONGREGATIONS OF THE UNITED STATES AND CANADA Org., June 8, 1898. OFFICE : 99 Central Park, W., New York City Fourth Biennial Convention, June 9, 1907, New York City. OFFICERS : Pres., H. Pereira Mendes, 99 Central Park, W., N. Y. C.; Vice-Pres., Meldola de Sola, Montreal, Can.; H. Friedenwald, Baltimore, Md.; Simon M. Roeder, N. Y. C.; Treas., Jacob Hecht, N. Y. C.; Sec, Isidore Hershfield, N. Y. C.; J. Buchhalter, N. Y. C.; Albert Lucas, 56 W. 105th, N. Y. C. EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE: H. Abramovitz, Montreal, Can.; A. M. Ashinsky, Pittsburg, Pa.; Joseph Baum, N. Y. C.; Gustav Cohn, Phila., Pa.; Gabriel Davidson, N. Y. C.; Jacob de Haas, Boston, Mass.; B. Drachman, N. Y. C.; Julius J. Dukas, N. Y. C.; Harry Pischel, N. Y. C.; Meyer Goldberg, N. Y. C.; Henry P. Goldstein, N. Y. C.; J. H. Greenstone, Phila., Pa.; Jacob M. Guedalia, N. Y. C. ; Hyman Heis- man, Bklyn., N. Y.; Henry Illoway, N. Y. C.; Phillip Jaches, N. Y. C.; Mordecai M. Kaplan, N. Y. C.; Edwin Kaufman, N. Y. C.; C. H. Kauvar, Denver, Colo.; Philip Klein, N. Y. C.; Louis E. Levy, Phila., Pa.; E. Lewin-Epstein, N. Y. C.; M. S. Margolies, N. Y. C.; Henry S. Morals, N. Y. C.; M. Neustaedter, N. Y. C. ; M. H. Phillips, N. Y. C.; Simon Roeder, N. Y. C.; Henry V. Rothschild, N. Y. C.; Abraham E. Rothstein, N. Y. C.; S. Schaffer, Baltimore, Md.; H. W. Schneeberger, Baltimore, Md.; Hyman S. Shoher, Boston, Mass.

UNITED CLOTH HAT AND CAP MAKERS OF NORTH AMERICA Org., Mch. 20, 1901. OFFICE : 62 E. 4th, New York City Eighth Biennial Convention, May 1, 1911, N. Y. C. Members, 3600 : Male, 3200 ; Female, 400. Locals, 27. SECRETARY : M. Zuckerman, 62 E. 4th, N. Y. C.; ASST. SEC. : M. Zaritsky. EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE : S. Balsam, M. Mannes, L. Rosenbloom, L. Sachs, I. Shapiro, M. Shapiro, A. Shoore, S. Valitsky, M. Zuckerman. LOCALS : California: San Francisco.—Connecticut: Hartford, New Haven.—Illinois : Chicago.—Indiana : Indianapolis.—Maryland : Baltimore. —Massachusetts : Boston.—Michigan : Detroit.—Missouri: St. Louis.— New York : Albany, Brooklyn, New York City, 8, TJtica.—Ohio : Cleveland. —Pennsylvania : Philadelphia.—Rhode Island : Providence.—Wisconsin : Milwaukee.—Canada : Montreal, Que.; Toronto, Ont.

UNITED ORTHODOX RABBIS OF AMERICA Org., Tammuz 24, 5662 (1902) Tenth Annual Convention, July 11, 1912, Boston, Mass. Members, 120. OFFICERS : Hon. Pres., Bernard L. Levinthal, 716 Pine, Phila., Pa.; Pres., S. E. Jaffe, 211 Henry, N. Y. C.; Hon. Vice-Pres., S. Wise, Bklyn., N. Y.; Vice-Pres.. A. Alperstein, N. Y. C.: J. Grossman, Phila., Pa.; I. Isaacson, Bklyn., N. Y. ; Treas., D. Ginzberg, Wilkes-Barre, Pa.; Chairman of Committee to organize Jewish Congregations in the XL S., Bernard L. Levinthal. 246 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

Z B T FRATERNITY Also now known as the Zeta Beta Tau, ranking as an Intercollegiate Greek-letter fraternity, open to Jewish men. Org., 1898 ; inc., 1007. OFFICE : New York City Thirteenth Annual Convention, Dec. 26-28, 1911, Hotel Astor, New York City. Members, 750. OFFICERS : Supreme Nasi (Pres.), Richard J. Gottheil, N. Y. C.; Vice- Nasi (Vice-Pies.), Irving D. Rossheim, Phila., Pa.; Supreme Sophar (Sec), Sydney L. Goodman, 218 St. Johns PI., Bklyn., N. Y.; Supreme Gisbar (Treas.), Ralph Pappenheimer, Cincinnati, O.; Historian, Julian S. Water- man, Dumas, Ark. CHAPTERS (in the order of their installation) at:- College of the City of New York (N. Y. C.) ; L.ng Island Medical College (Bklyn., N. Y.) ; Bellevue Medical College (N. Y. C.) ; Columbia University (N. Y. C.) ; New York University (N. Y. C.) ; University of Pennsylvania (Phila., Pa.) ; Cor- nell University (Ithaca, N. Y.) ; Boston University (Boston, Mass.) ; Western Reserve University (Cleveland, O.) ; Case School of Applied Science (Cleveland, O.) ; Tulane University (New Orleans, La.) ; Union University (Schenectady, N. Y.) ; Polytechnic Institute of Brooklyn (Bklyn., N. Y.) ; Ohio State University (Columbus, O.) ; Massachusetts Institute of Tech- nology (Boston, Mass.) ; Syracuse University (Syracuse, N. Y.) ; Louisiana State University (Baton Rouge, La.) ; University of Illinois (Urbana, 111.). GRADUATE CHAPTER: Zeta Beta Tau Club of New York (N. Y. C). Colorado] LOCAL ORGANIZATIONS 247

NEW JEWISH LOCAL ORGANIZATIONS IN THE UNITED STATES The following list supplements the DIRECTORY or JEWISH LOCAL OR- GANIZATIONS IN THE UNITED STATES published in the AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK 5668 and the additions in those of 5669, 5670, 5671, and 5672. It enumerates the organizations that have come into existence between July 1, 1911, and June 30, 1912, and it includes also a few organizations inadvertently omitted from the other lists. Juvenile organizations, because of their ephemeral character, have been omitted. The following abbreviations are employed: CEM. = Cemetery ; Co. = Con- gregation ; CHU. —Charity ; CL. = Club; COM. = Community ; EDtrc. = Educa- tional; M. B. = Mutual Benefit. An asterisk (*) indicates that complete information was not procurable. ALABAMA BESSEMER EDDC. Hebrew Young Men's league, 1909% 2d Av. Sec, Nathan Green, Bessemer, Ala. SHEFFIELD Co. B'nai Israel (Tri-Cities Congregation). Org., January, 1906. Sec, Harry Spielberger. Auxiliary: Council of Jewish Ladies. Pres., Mrs. H. Perry. ARKANSAS FORT SMITH CHR. United Hebrew Charities Association. Org., May, 1911. Sec, Simon Joel, 215 N. 9th. CALIFORNIA LOS ANGELES CHR. Jewish Orphans' Home of Southern California, Huntington Pk. Org., January, 1909. Sec, Ludwig Baruch, 1407 Pleasant. COM. *Agudath Hakehilloth. Sec, H. E. Jaffe. EDUC. Educational Alliance, 1061 W. Temple. Org., May, 1910. Sec, D. M. Potter, Internat'l Bank Bldg. SAN FRANCISCO Co. *Shaare Sholam, Chevra. Sec, R. Label. Tilim, Chevra, Howard and Russ. Rabbi, J. Simmons. COM. *Hebrew Orthodox Community. Cg. Mekom Israel, Ahawath Achlm, Chevra Tilim, B'nai David, and Anshe Sfard. Rabbi, Moses Rat- man. COLORADO DENVER Co. Oheb Zadek, 26th and Downing. Sec, Abr. Grossner. TRINIDAD . *Young Men's Hebrew Association, 248 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK [Georgia

CONNECTICUT ANSONIA Co. "Congregation. BRIDGEPORT Co. *Anshe Libawitz. EDUC. *Hebrew Educational Institute. Young Hen's Hebrew Association, 129 Wall. Org., May, 1911. Sec, Harry Silverstone, 1010 B. Main.

COLCHESTER CG. Ahawath Achim Anshe Colchester, Lebanon Ay. Sec, Isidor Mintz. Pischay Teshuwah, Chevra, Lebanon Av. Org., October, 1900. Sec, Aaron Kantrowitz. Rabbi, Joseph Siegel.

HARTFORD CHE. *Federated Jewish Charities. Sec, Louis Price. Hebrew Ladies' Orphan Asylum Association, 18 Pleasant. Sec, Mrs. Mary Newman, 32 Village. Young Hebrew Aid Society, 18 Pleasant. Sec, Abe Shulman, 11 Bellvue. EDUC. Hebrew Free School Association, 9-11 Pleasant. Sec, W. Beatman.

NEW HAVEN CG. *Shura Torah, 67 York. NEW LONDON EDUC. *Hebrew Free School. STAMFORD EDUC. Hebrew Zion School, Broad St. Org., 1907. Sec, David Cohen, 29 Brown Av. WATERBURY Con. "Council of United Hebrews. Sec, Ph. N. Bernstein.

WILLIMANTIC Co. *Sons of Israel. Sec, Abr. Gluskin.

DISTRICT OP COLUMBIA WASHINGTON EDUC. Washington Alliance of Jewish Women, 2733 Ontario Rd. Sec, Mrs. Milton Strasburger, 1844 Columbia Rd. Formerly Washington Section Council of Jewish Women.

GEOEGIA SAVANNAH EDUC. *Jewish Educational Alliance. Sec, George Lewin. Louisiana] LOCAL ORGANIZATIONS 249

ILLINOIS CHICAGO CG. *Beth Jacob. Sec, M. Adler. BDCC. Chicago Association of Jewish Women, Sinai Centre. Sec, Mrs. H. I. Davis, 5811 Calumet Av. Formerly Chicago Section Council of Jewish Women. •Monteflore Hebrew School Association, Ashland Blvd. near W. 12th. People's Synagog Association, 624 S. Michigan Av. Sec, Mrs. N. A. Reis, 4463 Berkeley Av. Young Men's Free Hebrew School Auxiliary, care of Ohave Sholem Congregation. Sec, M. Z. Rabinowitz, 1543 W. Polk. 'Young Men's Hebrew Association. Temp. Sec, Louis Kaufman. DECATTTR CG. B'nai Abraham, Sec, Abr. Rosenthal. ENGLEWOOD CG. *B'nai Israel. QUINCY EDDC. *Young Men'3 Hebrew Association.

INDIANA ANDERSON CG. First Hebrew Congregation of Ahawath Achim, 1316 Pearl. Sec, Louis Seligman, 1329 Pearl. GARY CG. Beth El. Sec, M. Kallin, 914 Broadway. Auxiliary: Sisters of Beth El. Pres., Mrs. Henry C. Price. Sunday School. •Kether Yisroel. IOWA DES KOINES CG. *Shaare Zedek. CHR. Jewish Free Loan Society. Sec, I. H. Mendelsohn, care of R. Marks. Jewish Settlement Association, 724 E. 5th. Org., 1907. Sec, Jennie Younker, 1238 13th. EDUC. Hebrew Literary Society, 720 E. 5th. Org., March, 1909. Sec, Max Cantor, 308% E. Walnut.

KANSAS TOPEKA Co. "Congregation. Rabbi, Louis Schreiber. Auxiliary: Hebrew School. WICHITA EDUC. Young Men's Hebrew Association, 607 E. Douglas Av. Sec, David Alberstein, 227 S. Bstelle Av. LOUISIANA DONALDSONVILLE. EDDC. *Hebrew School. NEW ORLEANS M. B. *United Hebrew Progressive Association. 250 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK [Massachusetts

MAINE BANGOR CHR. *Hebrew Belief Association. BATH Co. Ahawath Achim, 9 Franklin. Sec, Morris Pisezner. Reorganized. PORTLAND CHR. *Home for Destitute Jewish Children. EDUC. *Young Women's Hebrew Association. Pres., Mrs. A. I. E. Matson.

MAEYLAND BALTIMORE CG. *Haye Adam. EDDC. Baltimore Association of Jewish Women. Sec, Mrs. Sydney M. Cone, 2326 Eutaw Place. Formerly Balto. Sect. Council of Jewish Women. Baltimore Branch of International Pro-Falasha Committee, care of Sonneborn & Co. Org., June, 1911. •Kadimah Hebrew School, 743 Lexington.

MASSACHUSETTS EDDC. *Toungr Hen's Hebrew Associations of Massachusetts. Sec, A. B. Klubock, Chelsea, Mass. ATTLEBORO Co. •Congregation. BOSTON Co. Brighton Hebrew Benevolent Association, 237 Market, Brighton. Sec, Simon Wiseberg, 63 Fairbanks, Brighton. Auxiliary: Ladies' Auxiliary. *Shas Hakloli Chevra. CHR. Beth Israel Hospital Association. Sec, I. Kronstein, 15 Court Sq. Auxiliary: West End Ladies' Auxiliary, No. 2, Young Ladies' Auxiliary, Roxbnry Ladies' Auxiliary, Blue Hill Ladies' Auxiliary, Ind. W. E. Auxiliary. •Jewish Children's Aid Society. Sec, Mrs. Alex. Rose. •Ladies' Free Burial Society of East Boston. Sec, Annette Kupsenel. •South End Ladies' Relief Association. Sec, Abr. S. Selya. •Wilner Ladies' Charitable Association. Sec, M. Apattof. EDDC. *Brookline Hebrew Association. Sec, Edna F. Milgrom. East Boston Young Men's Hebrew Association, 163 Meridian. Sec, Nathaniel E. Finklesteln. 142 Paris. •Greater Boston Hebrew Free School, Milton St. •South End Hebrew Institute. Supt., Max H. Newman. Young Women's Hebrew Association, Warren Club House. Sec, Esther Berman. BROCKTON OHE. *Hebrew Merchants' Association. CL. Young Men's Hebrew Athletic Association, 111-113 Arcade Bldg. Sec, — Barger, 227 N. Main. Auxiliary: Young Women's Hebrew Association. Sec, Mrs. Eva Swalsky. EDUC. Jewish Commercial Club, 153 Main. Sec, Morris Shaplra, 9 Barris- ters' Hall. Massachusetts] LOCAL ORGANIZATIONS 251

CAMBRIDGE EDDC. Young Men's Hebrew Association, 238 Columbia. Sec, Maurice L. Andelman, 33 Burleigh. CHELSEA CHE. Chelsea Aid Society (Malbish Arumim). Org., December, 1901. Sec, Mrs. N. S. Albaum, 71 Clark Av. Auxiliary: Ladles' Charitable Association. EDUC. "Hebrew Educational Institute, 86 Chestnut. DOECHESTEE CG. *Hadrash Kadish, 42-44 Lena Park. EDUC. Young Men's Hebrew Association, 18 Greenwood. Org., October, 1910. Sec, Herbert P. Sloane, 18 Greenwood. Auxiliary: Juniors. EAST SATJGUS CG. *Ahawath Sholom, Bristow St. EVEEETT CG. *Tifereth Israel, FALL EIVES CHE. 'Hebrew Free Loan Association, GARDNER CG. "Congregation. HAVERHILL EDUC. "Hebrew School. Sec, Morris Sadowitz. LOWELL CHB. "Hebrew Ladies' Helping Hand Society. Pres., Mrs. I. Bernstein. Ladies' Relief Society, 151 Howard. Sec, S. H. Rosenblatt. Gemilath Chassodim Ladies' Association, 153-4 Howard. Sec, S. H. Rostler, Middlesex St. "Hebrew School, 151-3 Howard. EDUC. Young Men's Hebrew Association, 158 Merrlmack. Sec, Max Gold- man, 183 Dutton. LYNN CHE. "Isidor Straus Loan Association. Incorp., Louis Kimmel. COM. Associated Jewish Societies of Lynn, Church St. Synagogue. Sec, Henry B. Harris, 47 Sheppard. Affiliated Societies: Hebrew Asso- ciated Charities, Young Men's Hebrew Association, Labor League Branch 7, 47, Indep. Order B. A. Lynn City Lodge, Pride of Lynn Lodge No. 383, Independent Workingmen's Circle Arbeiter Ring, Branch 6, 68, United Hebrews of America Bay State Lodge, Benj. Franklin Lodge, B'rith Abraham Rising Star Lodge, No. 465, Hebrew Free School, Hebrew Benevolent Society, Cg. Ahawath Sholom, Working Men's Mutual Aid Association, Cg. Anshe Sfard Shalom, Cg. B'nai Jabor, Hebrew Ladies' Aid, Ladies' Helping Hand, Young Ladies' Club Minora, Young Men's Hebrew Aid Assn. EDUC. Young Men's Hebrew Association, Sec, D. Haskell, Sheppard St. MALDEN CHB. Maiden Anti-Tuberculosis Society, 314 Salem. Org-., February, 1911. Sec, Mrs. Samuel Soforenko, 380 Eastern Av. MELROSE Co. "Melrose Hebrew Association, Green St. Pres., Benj. Holmes. 252 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK [Michigan

NEW BEDFORD CHR. 'Hebrew Free Loan Association. EDUC. 'Hebrew Educational League. Sec, Wm. Davidow, 6 Crape. PITTSFIELD EDDC. *Hebrew Alliance, Robbing Av. PLYMOUTH CG. 'Congregation, Pleasant St. QTTINCY EDUC. Young Men's Hebrew Association, 343 Water. Sec, Edw. Berman, 98 Franklin. REVERE EDUC. Young Men's Hebrew Association, 235 Sblrley Av. Sec, Julius Aisner, 6 Belvidere Sq. SALEM EDUC. Young Men's Hebrew Association, Cor. Front and Central. Prea., K. Carmen, 213 Derby. SOUTH FRAMINGHAM Co. 'United Hebrew Congregation. TAUNTON Ca. 'Congregation. EDUC. 'Young Men's Hebrew Association. Sec, Max Goldstein. WAKEFIELD CG. 'Congregation. WESTFIELD CG. Talmud Torah Chevra de Ahawath Achim An she Westfield, 34 Sommer. Sec, Herman Freund, 172 Elm. WORCESTER CHR. 'Hebrew Free Burial Society. CL. Henry Chadwick Club, 25 Providence. Sec, Sam'l Schriar, 45 Harrison. EDUC. 'Young Men's Hebrew Association. Sec, Harry L. Jackson.

MICHIGAN" CALUMET CG. 'First Congregation of Israel, Front St. DETROIT CG. Mishkan Israel, St. Antonie, cor. Benton. Sec, Sam'l Fishman, 317 Watson. IRON RIVER CHE. 'Jewish Ladies' Society. MOUNT CLEMENS Co. Ahawath Sholom, South Av. and Queen. Sec, Sam'l Elklns. New Hampshire] LOCAL ORGANIZATIONS 253

MINNESOTA DULUTH COM. *Duluth Hebrew Stock Farm. Association. EDUC. Young Men's Hebrew Association, cor. 3d Av., E., and 3d. Sec, A. Rachlin, 425 E. 5th. ST. PAUL EDUC. *Sons of Israel Free School, 13th and Canada.

MISSOURI JOPLIN CG. United Hebrew Congregation. Sec, Harry Epstein, 1324 West C. Rabbi, Alter Abelson, P. O. Box 170. KANSAS CITY Co. *Beth Hamidrash Hagodol, CHE. *Moshab Zekenim (Home for Aged). Auxiliary. Sec, Rose Jacobson. ST. JOSEPH CHR. The Federated Jewish Charities, 214 S. 6th. Sec, Mrs. Sam'l Block, 214 S. 6th. Affiliated: Jewish Charities Assn., Jewish Ladies' Benevolent Society, Jewish Ladies' Sick Benevolent Society, He- brew Ladies' Relief Society. M. B. *St. Joseph Hebrew Tent Society. ST. LOUIS Co. Beth David, Belt and Easton Av. Org., 1906. Sec, Max Leidel, 5341 Ridge Av. Rabbi, A. Rosentreter, 4311 West Belle PI. Auxiliary: Ladies' Aid Society. Young Men's Aid Society. Beth Israel, 1400 Carr. Sec, M. Goldstein, 2900 Thomas. Oheb Sholom. Sec, A. Schlesinger, 526 Victoria Bldg. CHR. Noshim Bikur Cholim, 150 Wash. Sec, Mrs. Z. Rosenfeld, 1506 Wash. Noshim Rachmonioth, 4651 Cook Av. Org., 1907. Sec, Ethel Plan, 4651 Cook Av. EDUC. Jewish Women's League for Cultural Work in Palestine, 3906 Delmar Av. Org:., 1908. Sec, Mrs. E. Caro, 3906 Delmar Av. Tifereth Zlon Hebrew Free School, 158 Carr. Sec, M. Appelbaum, 2510 N. Vandeventer Av.

NEBRASKA OMAHA EDUC. Young Men's Hebrew Association, 18th and Farnam. Sec, IT. Monsky, Omaha National Bank Bldg.

NEW HAMPSHIRE MANCHESTER CG. *Anshe Sfard, Central St. CHR. *Hebrew Aid Society, Sec, Dr. C. Chirurg. PORTSMOUTH CHR. Portsmouth Ladies' Hebrew Association. Sec, Mrs. Annie Cohen, Atkinson St. 254 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK [New Jersey

NEW JERSEY ATLANTIC CITY EDUC. Young Men's Hebrew Association, City Square Theatre Bldg. Sec, A. Henry Solomon, 136 S. Tennessee Av. BAYONNE Co. "B'nal Abraham. Rabbi, Solomon Golubowski. CHB. Beth Israel Hospital, Capital Hall, 22d St. Org., June, 1911. Sec, Max Levy, 472 Av. C. Auxiliary: First Ladies' Auxiliary, Ladies' Guild, Young Folks' League. •Hebrew Benevolent Society. Sec, R. Witkoff. CAMDEN CHE. Society of Dispensers of True Benevolence, 451 Kaighn Av. Org., January, 1807. Sec, Morris Berman, 1105 Marion. CL. Merchants' Progressive League, 451 Kaighn Av. Reorg., April, 1912. Sec, Harris W. Watkins, 436 Kaighn Av. EDUC. Talmud Torah, 8th and Sycamore. Sec, Simon Herman, 1418 B'way. ELIZABETH Co. *Anshe Sfard. CHR. United Hebrew Charity Organization, 408 Court. Sec, Sam'l M. Jacobson, 171 4th. •Hebrew Sheltering Aid Society, Court St. EDUC. *Hebrew Free School, Library Hall. Hebrew Free School and Institute, South Park and 7th. Sec, Sam'l Koestler. M. B. 'Hebrew Sick Benefit Association. HOBOKEK CL. 'Jewish Welfare Society of Hudson County. HUDSON CITY EDUC. Talmud Torah, 100-102 Sherman Av. Sec, H. D. Cohen. JERSEY CITY COM. Hudson County League. Pres., Joseph E. Bernstein, Jersey City, N. J.; Sec, Emil Weinheim, 271 Armstrong Av., Jersey City, N. J. EDUC. Hebrew School, 45 Cottage. Sec, Morris Ostrowitz. Talmud Torah Yeshibath Eeneseth Israel, 345 3d. LAKEWOOD EDUC. Talmud Torah, 325 7th, care of Lillian Court. Sec, C. Rau. NEW BRUNSWICK Co. Ahawath Achim, Richmond St. Org., 1892. Sec, Wolf Levine, 58 Hiram. Rabbi, I. Marcus. Auxiliary: Hebrew Benevolent Aid Society, Hebrew Ladies' Aid Society. NEWARK CHE. ^Immigration Protective Association. Sec, — Friedland. CL. County Club. Sec, Arthur L. Phillips, 465 Prospect. EDUC. Hebrew Education Society, 225 Prince. Org., May, 1889. Sec, Charles Elln, 69 Avon Av. M. B. *B'noth Israel K. U. V. Treas., Mrs. D. Landa. •Czenstechower K, U. V., Erster. Pres., S. Silberstein. Subner Verein, Erster. Sec, M. Karasick, 51 Fairview Av. •Essex County Ladies' S. B. A. Pres., L. Jarushewsky. •Krackower Young Men's Association. •Lenetzer K. U. V., Independent. Pres., L. Yablonsky. •Teraspoler K. U. V. Sec, B. Beloff. Wolozisk K. U. V., Independent. Sec, N. Karasick, 51 Fairview Av. New York] LOCAL ORGANIZATIONS 255

ORANGE CG. Beth Israel, 339 Main. Rabbi, —• Applebaum, 350 Main. Sec, D. I. Goldstein, 315 Park Av., East Orange, N. J. PERTH AMBOY CL. *Spotswood Hebrew Association, EDUC. Hebrew Educational Alliance. Sec, Edw. L. Gliick, 329 Smith. RAHWAY Co. Rahway Hebrew Congregation, 36 Main. Org., June, 1911. Sec, Henry Litt, 115 Main. Kabbi, Louis Pish, 36 Main. TRENTON Ca. Ahawath Israel, Centre bet. Cass and Federal. Ore., January, 1911. Sec, Peter Littman, 92 Lamberton. Auxiliary: Ladies' Auxiliary. UNION HILL EDUC. Young Men's Hebrew Association of North Hudson, 322 Franklin. Org., December, 1909. Sec, S. M. Westheimer, 69 Palisade Av., W. Hoboken. NEW YOEK ALBANY Co. 'Talmud Torah. Pres., H. Cohen. Rabbi, R. T. Josephson, care of Talmud Torah. "United Brothers. M. B. *Albany Young People's Hebrew Benevolent Association, Ferry, cor. Franklin. Org., October, 1908. AMSTERDAM EDUC. *Young Men's Hebrew Association. BATAVIA Co. *Shomrei Amoona. BATH BEACH CHE. *Bath Beach Hebrew Free Loan Association. Sec, J. Josephs. BROOKLYN Co. "Congregation (Williamsburg), 217th near White Plains Av. Sec, S. M. Kopschowsky. Auxiliary: Talmud Torah. •Congregation, S. 5th and Marcy Av. Rabbi, Samuel Rabinowitz. Adath Jeshurun, 188 S. 1st. Sec, Nathan Braaf, 240 S. 1st. Auxil- iary: Talmud Torah B'noth Jeshurun. Alliance of Israel, Anshe Brownsville, 492 Lockman. Sec, D. Alt- shuler, 230 Christopher Av. Anshe Zedek, 528 Ralph Av. Org., November, 1909. Sec, Ab. W. Slepian, 534 Ralph Av. Beth Emeth, Temple, of Flatbush, 854 Flatbush Av. Sec, Mayer Yandorf, 522 E. 8th. Rabbi, S. J. Levinson, 671 E. 12th. Auxiliary: Sisterhood, Young Folk's League, Ladies' Society. Crowning Glory of Israel, 934 Blake Av. Sec, I. Haft. "Daughters and Sons of Jacob, 1450 51st Hebrew Congregation of the Deaf, Putnam near Reid. Sec, M. Auerbach, 1889 J, South Brooklyn. Rabbi, B. A. Elzas. Shaare Tefilah, 152 Bay 14th. Org., June, 1910. Sec, J. Jaffe, 8796 Bay 21st. Rabbi, J. Jaffe, 8796 Bay 21st. School: Talmud Torah. Tifereth Israel of Brooklyn. Sec. H. Abelow, 74 Sumner Av. Tilim of Brownsville, Chevra, 256 Thatford Av. Org., May, 1891. Sec, Herman Gumanoff, 436 Sackman. Rabbi, Solomon Shapiro, 210 Christopher Av. 17 256 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK [New York

BROOKLYN (continued) CHR. *B'noth Israel Malbush Arumim. Sec, Mrs. Shapiro. Brooklyn Jewish Committee on the Prevention of Tuberculosis, 69 Schermerhorn. Sec, L. Klein, 334 Stone AT. 'Brooklyn Ladies' Hebrew Sheltering Society. Gemilath Chassodim (Free Loan) Association of Brownsville, Watkins and Pitkin Av. Org., January, 1902. Sec, S. J. Heyman, 137 Hinsdale. •Hebrew Aid Society of the Eastern District. Sec, Celia Shefsky. 'Ida Straus Bikur Cholim Society. •Jewish Maternity Hospital. Sec, — Goldstein. Ladies' Aid and Free Burial Society of East New York, 363 Penn- sylvania Av. Org., February, 1906. Sec, Nahum Edelman, 352 Alabama Av. Ladies' Aid Society of Brownsville. Sec, — Tabatchnikoff. CL. Young Business Men's Society of Bay Ridge, 5304 5th Av. Sec, Julius H. Kory, 368 50th. EDUC. *East New York Talmud Torah. Hon. Sec, M. Droyzen. Auxiliary: Young Folks' League. Hebrew Educational Alliance of Greenpoint, 953-961 Manhattan Av. Sec, M. Gramet, 971 Manhattan Av. Ladies' and Young Folks' Auxiliaries. Machzike Talmud Torah (Borough Park), 4019 13th Av. Org., December, 1908. Sec, H. I. Barnett, 132 Nassau. Ladies' Aux- iliary. Yeshiba of Brownsville, 1-3 Chester, Eastern Parkway and Prospect Place. Pres., A. Lesser. •Young Men's Hebrew Association, Richmond Hill. Sec, M. Jacobi. •Young Men's Hebrew Association of Bayside. Sec, S. Wachsman. •Young Men's Hebrew Association, Borough Park. Sec, J. Greenberg. M. B. Chernigoff Progressive and Benevolent Society. Sec, Samuel Meyer, 464 Rockaway Av. •East New York Aid Society. •Free Aid Association, Independent. •Hebrew Benevolent Society, 259 S. 5th. •Independent Young Men's Benevolent Association, 325 Sackman. •Lodiziener Aid Society, First. •Metz Priluker Ladies' Aid Society. •South Brooklyn Ladies' Benevolent Society. •West End Sick Relief Society. •Zvanetzer Podoler Aid Society, BUFFALO Co. *Beth Achim, 851 Fillmore Av. Rabbi, Isaac Slick. CHE. Buffalo Hebrew Orphan Asylum Association. Sec, Gustave Benjamin, 775 Elmwood Av. CONEY ISLAND EDUC. Seagate Sisterhood, Stauch Assembly Rooms. Sec, Mrs. Josephine Urbach, 2932 W. 17th. Young Men's Hebrew Association, Ocean Parkway. Sec, Abraham Marker, Ocean Parkway.

FAR ROCKAWAY Co. Shaare Teflllah, Mott Av. Sec, Cecil B. Ruskay, Chandler Av. Rabbi, B. A. Lichter, Cipson PI. Auxiliary: Sisterhood. FERNDALE EDUC. *Hebrew Free School. New York] LOCAL ORGANIZATIONS 257

GLEN COVE Co. •Congregation. GLEN FALLS Co. *Beth Israel Jewish Society of Glen Falls, 51 Park.

GLOVERSVILLE CG. "Hebrew Orthodox Association, Masonic Hall. Formerly Agudas Achim. MAMARONECK M. B. *Mamaroneck Social and Aid Society.

MONTICELLO CHE. *Hebrew Masonic Home for Incurables.

MOUNT VERNON EDUC. Mount Vernon Hebrew School, S. 9th Av. and W. 3d. Sec, David E. Hurwitz, 99 Nassau, N. Y. C.

NEW YORK CITY For additional New York Societies see " Jewish Communal Directory of Greater New York," published by The Jewish Community of New York City, 1911, 356 Second Av. CG. Adath Israel Kohol, 241 E. 14th. Sec, O. Polinsky, 329 B. 15th. Rabbi N. Wolf, 241 E. 14th. Auxiliary: Young Israel Club, 241 E. 14th. •Anshe Baloysk, Chevra, 184 Henry. *Babroyska, Chevra, 260 Cherry. •B'nai Nathan Felder, 67 Pitt. *Chasam Sofer, 10 Clinton. *Chaside Libawitz, 169 Henry. •Kaduscha B'nai Rappaport (Chevra), 207 E. 7th. Sinai Congregation of the Bronx. Sec, Samuel Schwartzberg, 757 E. 175th. Rabbi, Max Reichler, 1012 Simpson. Auxiliary: Sinai Sisterhood, Temple Club, Sinai Literary Circle, Sinai Story Circle, Sinai A. C. Young Hen's Hebrew Association, 148 E. 92d. Sec, Edgar Brom- berger, 35 Nassau. Rabbis, Mordecai M. Kaplan and Judah Leon Magnes. Affiliated with Y. M. H. A. CHR. Austrian Orthodox Hebrew Orphan Asylum Association, 65 Pitt. Sec, Chas. A. Laxer. •Hadasaah Aid Society of Harlem. •Harlem Relief Aid Association. 'Immediate Help Association of the Bronx. *Ruben Benevolent and Charitable Society. Auxiliary: Ladies' Aux- iliary. Sec, Miss H. Loria. Sisterhood of Social Workers, 138 E. 101st. Org., November, 1908. Sec, Birdie Wile, 138 E. 95th. Society for the Welfare of the Jewish Deaf, 356 2d Av. Sec, Rev. Dr. B. A. Elzas, 575 West 159th. Auxiliary: Ladies' Aid Society. Waszkontz Bukowiner Sick and Benevolent Society, First, 192 Allen. Org., June, 1903. Sec, Max Wiznitzer, 184 Forsyth. CL. Jewish Young Men's League, 132 E. 111th. Org., May, 1911. Sec, Reuben Richman, 201 W. 121st. Yiddish Writers' Club, 180 Henry. Sec, B. Shelvin, 1705 Bathgate Av. 258 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK [New York

NEW YORK CITY (continued) COM. Federation of the Oriental Jews of America. 3r>6 2d Av. Org., April, 1912. Delegates, 56. Pres., Joseph Gedalecia, 356 2d Av. Sec, A. J. Amato, 465 Vanderbllt Av. Constituent Societies: Agudath Achirn of Oriental Sephardim, Agudath Achlm of Rhodes, Ohi Ezer of Damascus, Abavatb Vehavath Junina. Chesed Va- Emeth of Casterio, Etz Chaim of Salonique, Good Hope Society of Sons of Israel, Haim Va-Hesed Gulipoli, Mekor Chaim Dardanelles, Oriental Progressive Society, Peace and Brotherhood of Monastir, Rodfe Sholom of Aleppo, Shearith Israel Meturkia, Union and Peace Society. EDUC. Cantors' Seminary of America, 123 Second Av. Sec, Bernhard Stein- berg, 110 W. 111th. Daughters of the Covenant Sisterhood, Washington Heights. Sec, Mrs. D. I. Frey, 556 W. 116th. Junior League. Downtown Hebrew Institute. Sec, Dr. J. Braun. 219 E. 12th. Jewish Volks' Schule, 165 E. B'way. Sec, Joseph Sugarman. Talmudic Institution of Harlem, 56 W. 114th. Sec, Mayer Katz, 56 W. 114th. Auxiliary: Ladies' Auxiliary. Union of Hebrew Teachers of Greater New York and Vicinity, 571 E. 141st. Org., December, 1910. Sec, S. Heller, care of Fleishman, 571 E. 141st. *Yorkville Talmud Torah, 123-125 E. 85th. Zion Institute of the Bronx, 1426 Crotona Av. Sec, Abr. Rose, 670 E. 170th. M. B. Adolf Moskowitz Association. Sec, Herman Mahler, 168 Ridge. •Anstiler Aid Society, First. Beer Schewa Benevolent Society, 473 E. 139th. Org., 1865. Sec, Max Taterka, 473 E. 139th. *Belotzerkauer Young Men's Aid Society, Independent. Bohorodczaner Sick and Benevolent Society, First. Sec, Isaac Fischler, 139 Suffolk. *Brzezaner Ladies' Sick Benevolent Society, First, Buczacer K. U. V., Independent, 328 E. Houston. Sec, L. Lindner, 229 E. 3d. Chasnek Bieshenkovicher Verein, 49 Henry. Sec, L. Mintz. •Concord Sick and Benevolent Society. •Costempoler Voliener Young Men's Benevolent Association. •Dolinaer Sick and Benevolent Society. •Dora Lipskowitz Voluntary Aid Society. •Families Aid Society, First Independent. Glinianer Sick and Benevolent Society, First Independent, 122 Co- lumbia. Org., December, 1902. Sec, Alter Shapira, 82 Sheriff. Govorover Young Men's Benevolent Association. Sec, Jacob Bressler, 165 Broome. •Great Jusefow Benevolent Association, First. •Grodziskoer Sisters' and Brothers' Benevolent Society, First. Gudliver TT. V. Pres., O. Levin, 206 Bedford Av., Bklyn. •Harlem Kurlander Young Men's Aid Society. •Horodoker Benevolent Circle. •Jacob Kafka Sick and Benevolent Society. Jasloer Young Men's K, U. V., 90-92 Columbia. Org., June, 1911. Sec, H. Beck, 90-92 Columbia. Kieltzer Sick and Benevolent Society of Russian Poland, 73 Ridge. Org., January. 1905. Sec. M. Shapiro, 138 Av. D. Krementshuger Benevolent Association, First, 79 Forsyth. Sec, L. Brenden, 334 E. 8th. •Kreshower K. XT. V., Independent, 92 Columbia. Org., September, 1908. •Knrlander Brueder Verein. Orp;., 1886. SPC, Julius Braun. Kushoner Young Men's Benevolent Association, 195 Chrystie. Sec, N. Block. 164 Henry. lieder Sisters' Benevolent Society, 70-81 Forsyth. Org., December, 1910. Sec, Isaac Lttowitz, 40 Eldridge. New York] LOCAL ORGANIZATIONS 259

NEW YORK CITY (continued) •Lubiner Progressive Benevolent Association, First. Luner Wolper Society, 162 Madison. Sec, Joseph Levine, 46 Rutgers. Machnowka Aid Association, 90-96 Clinton. Sec, Wm. Weisberg, 12 Pike. Affiliated: Anshe B'nai Macknowka. *Max Rothbart Benevolent Association. Mutual Friends' Aid Society. Sec, Adolph Feidman, 159 Stanton. *New York Coat Pressers Benevolent Association. •Odesser Relief Fund Association, First. *01d Konstantiner Slobodanir Sisters' and Brothers' Aid Society. *Oledzycer Aid Society of the Borough of Manhattan, City of New York, First, 125 Rlvington. •Ostrower Young Men's Benevolent Association. Piltzer Benevolent Association, First, 140 2d Av. Org., May, 1911. Sec, S. Joselstein, 1231 Stebbins Av. *Pokotilover Benevolent Association. *Prager Warschauer Young Men's Aid Society. •Progressive Mishnitzer Young Men's. Pubner-Potchaever Progressive Association, 96 Clinton. Sec, Joseph Altman, 561 Bushwick Av., Bklyn., N. Y. Royal Benevolent Association, 83-85 Forsyth. Sec, Hyman Leubovitz, 126 E. 2d. Ruhischower Sick and Benevolent Society, First, 8-10 Av. D. Org., January, 1905. Sec. B. Shapiro, 101 Willett. Rymalover Young Men's and Young Ladies' Benevolent Association. Sec, Meyer J. Katz, 122 Rivington. *Sapetkiner Young Men's Benevolent Association. *Shopler Ladies' Independent Aid Society, •Shuntzker Ladies' Aid Society, Independent. *Slavitlcher and Bomatschaver Sick and Benevolent Association, First Independent. Smargoner Benevolent Society, 177 B. Bway. Org., September, 1903. Sec, Meyer Edelson, 404 Madison. *Sons of Israel of Harlem. •Source of Life Benevolent Society. *Stopnicer Young Men's Support and Benevolent Association. •Swanitzer-Podolier Sick and Benevolent Society. •Szobranczer Sick and Aid Association, First. •True Sisters of Harlem Benevolent Society. Org., January, 1912. Sec, M. Goldstein, 156 B. 107th. •United Brotherhood Aid Society. •United True Sisters' and Brothers' Educational and Benevolent So- ciety. •Uscie Zilonie Sick and Benevolent Association, First. •Yednabner Young Benevolent Aid Association. Young Men of Odessa. Sec, Jacob Brooks, 714 E. 5th. Yunover Young Men's Benevolent Association, 8-10 Av. D. Org., April, 1906. Sec, Dave Hainarek, 118 Columbia. •Zelver Benevolent Association. Zhitomier Young Men's Benevolent Association. Pres., N. Friedman, 549% Kosciusko, Bklyn., N. Y. OSWEGO CG. *Adath Israel. PORT RICHMOND CHE. Hebrew Ladies' Aid Society, 6th Av., New Brighton, S. I. Org., June, 1911. Sec, Mrs. M. Rosenholtz, 4 Fiedler's Park, Tompkins- ville, S. I. P0UGHKEEPSIE Ca. *Congregation. 260 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK [Ohio

ROCHESTER CHR. *Hebrew Ladies' Benevolent Association of Eastern District. Sec, Mrs. Florence Abrams. CL. *Hebrew Literary Society. Sec, J. Silversteln. COM. Federation of Jewish Organizations (Kehillah). Org., May, 1911. Sec, Samuel J. Hoffman, 752 North. M. B. *Warshawer Young Men's Society of Rochester. ROCKAWAY BEACH EDUC. *Young Women's Hebrew Association. Sec, Mabel Bain. SCHENECTADY EDUC. *Young Men's Hebrew Association. SYRACUSE Co. Tifereth Israel, 727 S. State. Sec, Joseph Rubin, 407 Cedar. Rabbi, M. Zisldnd, 216 Monroe. 'Palestine Industrial Alliance. CL. Men's Club, E. Genesee. Sec, A. Rubenstein. COM. "Jewish Council of Men. TARRYTOWN EDDC. Tarrytown Hebrew School. Sec, H. Kadish, Cortland St., N. TTTICA EDUC. Modern Hebrew School, 205 Whitesboro. Sec, Israel Herman, 201 Whitesboro. Supt., Rabbi Louis J. Haas, 26 Washington. Aux- iliary: Ladies', Young Folk's Auxiliary. WHITE PLAINS CG. *Temple Israel. Rabbi, N. M. Taxon, care of Temple Israel. YONKERS CL. Criterion Club of Yonkers, Frospect House. Org., August, 1910. Sec, Albert Mendelson, 42 Prospect. EDUC. *Young Men's Hebrew Association.

NORTH CAROLINA WILMINGTON EDUC. Young Men's Hebrew Association, P. O. Box 833, 109 Princess. Sec, J. Dlugin, 713 N. 4th.

OHIO AKRON CG. "Congregation. ALLIANCE CG. *Anshe Sholom. Sec, M. Segall. COM. 'Alliance Jewish Cemetery Association. Auxiliary: Ladies' Jewish Aid Society. CINCINNATI CL. Young Women's Business Club, 415 Clinton. Sec, Belle Kluber, 635 W. 7th Av. Pennsylvania] LOCAL. ORGANIZATIONS 261

CLEVELAND CHR. Hebrew Social Aid Society. Sec, Sol. Traub. Instant Aid Society, 5912 Scovill Av. Sec, Miss Fink, Phoenix Blk. •Jewish Ladies' Galician Society. Sec, — Brown. CL. Culver Social and Athletic Club, 4931 Stranwood Court. Sec, Harry Shaeffer, 2673 E. 53d. COM. "Jewish Sabbath Association. Sec, M. E. Katz. COLUMBUS CHR. "Hebrew Free Loan Association. MASSILLON CG. B'nai Abraham, 407 W. Main. Sec, Joseph Hock, 407 W. Main. TOLEDO EDUC. Jewish Educational League, cor. Southard and Linwood. Sec, M. R. Conn, 24 W. Delaware. *Young Ken's Hebrew Society. YOUNGSTOWN EDUC. *Jewish Educational League. Young Men's Hebrew Association, 147 W. Federal. Sec, L. J. Shul- man, 502 Mahoning Bank Bldg. Youngstown Association of Jewish Women, 239 Custer Av. Sec, Nettye D. Rosenbaum, 239 Custer Av. Formerly Youngstown Section Council of Jewish Women. ZANESVILLE CG. B'nai Abraham, N. 6th St. Org., 1872. Sec, H. Yarner, N. 7th. Rabbi, H. Rosenberg, 838 Elm.

OKLAHOMA MUSKOGEE Co. *Congregation.

PENNSYLVANIA ALLENTOWN EDUC. Young Men's Hebrew Association, 605 Hamilton. Sec, Jacob Galomb, 605 Hamilton. BLOSSBURG Co. 'Congregation. DU BOIS CG. House of Israel. Org., June, 1911. Sec, M. Kroll. Rabbi, B. Levine. GREENSBURG EDUC. Jewish Ladies' Aid Society, Odd Fellows Hall, Main St. Sec, Rosaline Silverman, 133 Joe. HOMESTEAD CG. *Homestead Hebrew Congregation. LANCASTER EDUC. Young Men's Hebrew Association, 51-53 W. King. Sec, Frank J. Yaffe, 307 Green. Ladies' Auxiliary. 262 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK [Texas

PHILADELPHIA CG. Xeneseth Israel Anshe S'fard, 984 N. Marshall. Org., October, 1908. Sec, N. Shechter, 1417 N. 8th. Ladles' Auxiliary Society. Tifereth Israel of Parkside (formerly Anshe Tifereth Israel and Parkside), 4035 Girard Av. l'res., Adolph Wachs. CHR. Alliance of Jewish Charities. Sec, Joseph Herbach, 1228 Cherry. (Hebrew Orphans' Home and Hebrew Sheltering Home.) •Women's Hebrew Benevolent Society. Sec, Mrs. M. E. Mitchell. EDUC. Beth Israel Brotherhood, 32d and Montgomery Av. Sec, Isidor Gross- man, 1915 E. Dauphin. PITTSBURG Ca. Machzike Hadas, Wylie Av. and Granvllle. Sec, Benj. Passberg. Tiphereth Israel, cor. Fullerton and Clark. Sec, J. M. Rogalsky, 142 Pullerton. Rabbi, A. W. Kochin, 1226 Colwell. CHR. Federation of the Jewish Philanthropies of Pittsburg, 602 Wash- ington Trust Co. Sec, Minnie Affelder, 602 Washington Trust Co. Federated: Montefiore Hospital Association, Irene Kaufman Settle- ment, J. M. Gusky Hebrew Orphanage and Home, United Hebrew Relief Association, House of Shelter, Emma Farm Association, Jewish Home for the Aged, Council of Jewish Women, Hebrew Free Loan Association, Nat'l Farm School, Jewish Consumptives Relief Society. Hebrew Sheltering and Immigrant Aid Society, Nat'l Jewish Hospital for Consumptives. Hebrew Free Loan Association, 1307 Wylie Av. Org., November, 1902. Sec, Victor Kedev, 1401 Colwell. EDUC. Young Women's Hebrew Association, 218 Croft Av. Sec, Sadie Grin- burg, 7227 Kentucky Av., E. E. SHAMOKIN EDUC. 'Hebrew Free School, SOUTH BETHLEHEM EDUC. Young Men's Hebrew Association, Org., April, 1911. Sec, Lewis Schiffreen, E. 3d.

RHODE INLAND PROVIDENCE CHR. Ladies' Union Aid Home for the Aged, 161 Orms. Sec, Mrs. M. Lippman, 37 Benefit. EDUC. Hebrew Adelphian Association, 124 N. Main. Org., February, 1911. Sec, Max Mistousky, 570 N. Main. Young Men's Hebrew Association, 230 Westminster. Sec, Saul Abramovitz, 220 Chalkston Av. M. B. Outlet Employees' Beneficial Association, Org., January, 1901. Sec, M. L. Buibank, care of Outlet Co.

SOUTH CAROLINA GREENVILLE Co. *B'nai Sholem. TEXAS DALLAS CHR. Federated Jewish Charities of Dallas, Tex., 1412% Commerce. Org.. May, 1911. Sec, A. L. Neiman, care of Nelman-Marcus Co. Ladies Auxiliary. Affiliated: Men's Hebrew Benevolent Society, Ladies' Hebrew Benevolent Association, Orthodox Ladies' Hebrew Benevo- lent Association, Hebrew Sheltering and Aid Society. Philippine Islands] LOCAL ORGANIZATIONS 263

FORT WORTH EDUC. Hebrew Institute of Fort Worth, 821 Taylor. Sec, L. P. Shanblum, 409 Peter Smith. GALVESTON CG. Bikur Cholim, 27th and Av. I. Org., 1905. Sec, W. Rauch, 3314 Av. H. EDUC. Temple Literary Society, 22d and Av. I. Org., 1888. Sec, Sadie Block, 22d and Av. M. PORT ARTHUR CHR. "Hebrew Ladies' Benevolent Society. EDUC. "Sabbath School. Sec, Simon Cohn. SAN ANTONIO CHB. Hebrew Ladies' Relief Society, 304 Warren. Sec, Mrs. S. Brown, 218 Upson. EDUC. "Hebrew Institute, UTAH CLARION M. B. Jewish Agricultural and Colonial Association, Clarion, via Gunnison. Org., January, 1910. Sec, Bernard Horowitz, Clarion, via Gun- nison. VIRGINIA MARTINSBURG CG. "Congregation. WASHINGTON

Ct. Progress, 1st Av. bet. Jefferson and Adams. Sec, Julius Asheim, 303 S. Adams. EDUC. Spokane Free Hebrew School and Educational Alliance, Temple Emanu El. Sec, Abr. I. Vilkomlrson, 217 Mohawk Blk.

WISCONSIN MILWAUKEE CHR. "Hebrew American Benevolent Association. Ladies' Sanitary and Benevolent Association. Sec, Mrs. S. M. Markson, 479 12th. RACINE CHE. *Racine Jewish Ladies' Aid Society. Sec, Mrs. David Winters.

PHILIPPINE ISLANDS MANILA Co. *Beth Israel Temple Emanuel. Sec, G. P. Schlachter. 264 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

JEWISH STATISTICS The statistics of Jews in the world rest largely upon estimates. In Russia, Austria-Hungary, Germany, and a few other countries, official figures are obtainable. In the main, however, the numbers given are based upon estimates repeated and added to by one statistical authority after another. For the statistics given below various authorities have been consulted, among them the " Statesman's Year Book" for 1912, the English " Jewish Year Book " for 5672-73, " The Jewish Ency- clopedia," Judische Statistik, and the Alliance Israelite Uni- verselle reports. THE UNITED STATES ESTIMATES As the census of the United States has, in accordance with the spirit of American institutions, taken no heed of the religious convictions of American citizens, whether native-born or natural- ized, all statements concerning the number of Jews living in this country are based upon estimates. The Jewish population was estimated— In 1818 by Mordecai M. Noah at 3,000 In 1824 by Solomon Etting at 6,000 In 1826 by Isaac C. Harby at 6,000 In 1840 by the American Almanac at 15,000 In 1848 by M. A. Berk at 50,000 In 1880 by Wm. B. Hackenburg at 230,257 In 1888 by Isaac Markens at 400,000 In 1897 by David Sulzberger at 937,800 In 1905 by " The Jewish Encyclopedia "at 1,508,435 In 1907 by " The American Jewish Year Book" at 1,777,185 In 1910 by " The American Jewish Year Book " at 2,044,762

DISTRIBUTION The following table by States presents two sets of estimates. In the left-hand column is given the estimated Jewish population of each State for 1905 as it appears in the " Jewish Encyclopedia," Vol. XII, pp. 371-374, in the article "United States." In the right-hand column are the estimates made up from figures furnished by correspondents who interested themselves in the DlRECTOBT OF JEWISH ORGANIZATIONS IN THE UNITED STATES COm- piled for the AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK, 5668 (p. 432). JEWISH STATISTICS 265 Eit. Jew. Pop. Est. Jew. Pop. 1905 1907 STATES "The Jewish Encyclopedie i Compiled from statements of Vol. XII. pp. 371-37* individual correspondents of the Article "United Stales" AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK Alabama 7,000 7,000 Alaska Arizona 500 Arkansas 3,085 3,085 California 28,000 42,000 Colorado 5,800 6,500 Connecticut 8,500 22,000 Delaware 1,500 1,600 District of Columbia. 3,500 5,100 Florida 3,000 3,000 Georgia 7,000 9,300 Hawaiian Islands 100 100 Idaho 300 300 Illinois 100,000 110,000 Indiana 25,000 12,000 Iowa 5.000 6,000 Kansas 3,000 1,500 Kentucky 12,000 10,000 Louisiana 12.000 12,000 Maine 5,000 5,000 Maryland 26,500 41,000 Massachusetts 60,000 90,000 Michigan 16,000 16,000 Minnesota 13,000 13,000 Mississippi 3,000 3,300 Missouri 50,000 52,000 Montana 2,500 1,500 Nebraska 3,800 6,500 Nevada 300 300 New Hampshire 1,000 1,000 New Jersey 40,000 70,000 New Mexico 800 800 New York 820,000 905,000 North Carolina 6,000 1,500 North Dakota 1,000 Ohio 50,000 85,000 Oklahoma 1,000 Oregon 6,000 6,000 Pennsylvania 115,000 ' 150,000 Philippine Islands.... 100 Porto Rico 100 Rhode Island 1,500 12,000 South Carolina 2,500 2,500 South Dakota 250 300 Tennessee 7,000 10,000 Texas 17,500 16,000 Utah 1,000 1,000 Vermont 700 1,000 Virginia 15,000 10,000 Washington 2,800 5,500 West Virginia 1,500 1,500 Wisconsin 15,000 15,000 Wyoming 300 1,508,435 177777185 The Industrial Removal Office made an estimate in 1910 of the Jewish population in fifty cities as follows: Akron, O., 1,400; Atlanta, Ga., 4,200; Augusta, Ga., 600; Buffalo, N. Y., 14,000; Canton, O., 1,000; Charleston, S. C, 1,500; Chattanooga, Tenn., 600; Chester, Pa., 500; Cincinnati, O., 28,000; Cleveland, O., 45,- 000; Colorado Springs, Colo., 400; Columbus, O., 4,200; Daven- 266 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

port, la., 350; Dayton, 0., 3,500; Denver, Colo., 8,000; Des Moines, la., 3,500; Detroit, Mich., 14,000; Erie, Pa., 600; Evansville, Ind., 900; Fort Wayne, Ind., 500; Grand Rapids, Mich., 400; Harris- burg, Pa., 1,700; Indianapolis, Ind., 7,000; Jacksonville, Fla., 1,000; Joplin, Mo., 175; Kalamazoo, Mich., 400; Kansas City, Mo., 8,000; La Crosse, Wis., 200; Leavenworth, Kan., 400; Lincoln, Neb., 1,000; Lynchburg, Va., 250; Madison, Wis., 200; Minne- apolis, Minn., 6,500; Montgomery, Ala., 1,500; Norfolk, Va., 3,200; Omaha, Neb., 6,500; Portland, Ore., 5,500; Quincy, 111., 150; Rochester, N. Y., 12,000; St. Joseph, Mo., 2,500; St. Louis, Mo., 45,000; Salt Lake City, Utah, 900; San Francisco, Calif., 30,000; Seattle, Wash., 4,500; Sioux City, la., 1,200; Spokane, Wash., 1,400; Syracuse, N. Y., 9,000; Toledo, O., 3,500; Topeka, Kan., 225; Zanesville, O., 250; total, 287.100.1 This shows an increase of 37,220 over the figures for the same cities given in the AMERICAN JEWISH YEAE BOOK for 5668, or not quite 15 per cent. On this basis the Jewish population of the whole of the United States should have increased, since the last estimate, made in 1907, from 1,777,185 to 2,044,762.

IMMIGRATION The total Jewish immigration to the United States, through the three ports of entry, New York, Philadelphia, and Baltimore, from 1881 to June 30, 1912, is stated to have been 1,632,399.2 The immigration through the four principal ports from July 1, 1911, to June 30, 1912, was as follows: Port of New York Port of Port of Total Phila- Balti- Totals ventral Aus- Rou- Rus- Totuls at delphia more BORtOU for four Immi- trlaos manians sians Others New York Totals Totals Totals Ports gration July.. . 921 132 4,789 712 6,654 1,083 416 182 8,236 61,737 Aug.. . 844 184 4,273 717 6,018 814 378 161 7,371 60,110 Sept.. . 984 114 6,033 962 7,093 805 1,146 225 9,269 62,599 Oct... . 52) 71 2,221 644 3,357 628 207 189 4,381 69,418 Nov.. .1,132 123 3,733 498 6,486 823 318 267 6,914 61,766 Dec... .1,278 149 4,898 361 6,686 853 380 72 7,991 61,626 •Tan... . 664 102 2,720 470 3,956 624 246 16 4,842 38,463 Feb... ..1,103 78 2,649 163 3,891 365 226 101 4,682 45,380 Mch.. . 662 92 2,712 593 4,059 649 318 163 6,189 91,185 Apt... . 274 55 1,419 425 2,173 176 214 80 2,642 99,839 May.. .1,088 91 2,820 723 4,722 673 409 277 6,081 113,635 June . .. 916 88 4,445 595 6,043 681 366 267 7,357 92,425 Totals 10,386 1,277 41,612 6,763 60,038 8,173 4,653 1,990 74,864 838,172 •We are indebted to Mr. David M. Bressler, General Manager of the Industrial Removal Office, for the figures of the population of the cities given above. 2 We are indebted to the Baron de Hirsch Fund and the Hebrew Sheltering and Immigrant Aid Society for the figures by ports of entry. To the totals given above should be added 1,439, the number who arrived at Galveston, and 4,312, the number who arrived at other ports, making a total Jewish immigration of 80,605 out of a total general immigration of 838,172. JEWISH STATISTICS 267

For the year 1910-11, the Jewish immigration was: New York, 68,256; Philadelphia, 10,798; Baltimore, 7,225; Boston, 2,319; other ports, 2,625; total, 91,223. From this number should be deducted 6,401 emigrating alien Jews recorded, and a considerable number not recorded. Thus the total increase of the Jewish population by immigration for the year 1910-11 was less than 84,822. For the year 1911-12, the total Jewish immigration was 80,605. From this number should be deducted 7,418 emigrating alien Jews recorded, and a considerable number not recorded. Thus the total increase of the Jewish population by immigration for the year 1911- 12 was less than 73,187, or 11,635 less than the previous year. THE BRITISH EMPIRE British Isles 244,697 South Africa 50,000 Australasia 17,106 Gibraltar 1,300 Canada and British Co- Aden 3,500 lumbia 95,500 Cyprus and Malta 170 Trinidad and Barbados. 50 Hong Kong and Straits Jamaica 2,000 Settlements 680 India 18,226 Total 433,229 GENERAL JEWISH STATISTICS United States 2,044,762 Luxembourg 1,200 British Empire 433,229 Mexico 9,872 Abyssinia (Falashas) 6,500 Morocco 109.712 Argentine Republic.. 45,000 Norway 642 Austria-Hungary1 ... 2,088,228 Persia 29,500 Belgium 15,000 Peru 498 Brazil 3,000 Portugal 2,500 Bulgaria 37,653 Roumania 215,900 China and Japan 2,143 Russia3 6,243,712 Costa Rica 43 Servia 5,729 Cuba 4,000 Spain 2,500 Denmark 3,476 Sweden 3,912 France 100,000 Switzerland 19,007 Algeria 65,000 Turkey5 463,686 Tunis 62,500 Egypt 50,000 Germany * 607,862 Tripoli 18,860 Greece 8,350 Crete 1,150 Holland s 106,409 Turkestan and Af- Curasoa 1,000 ghanistan 18,135 Surinam 1,158 Venezuela 411 Italy * 35,617 Total .12,867,856 1851,378 in Hungary, 11,850 in Bosnia and Herzegovina (1911), and 872,976 in Galicia (1910). 2 409,501 in Prussia. 3 Census of 1909. * The Jewish Chronicle, London, November 25,1910, puts the'JewistTpopu- lation of Italy at 160,000, but the Jewish Statistical Bureau of Berlin estimates the number as given above. 6 78,000 in Palestine. 268 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

A LIST OF JEWISH PEKIODICALS APPEARING IN THE UNITED STATES JULY 1, 1911, TO JUNE 30, 1912 [An asterisk (*) placed before the name of a periodical in the following list indicates that the Editor of the AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK has not been able to secure a copy of the publication issued during 5672, or authentic information about it. Its appearance in this list is justified by references to it in other periodicals.] AMERICAN CITIZEN. English. Monthly. New York City. First issue July, 1912. THE AMERICAN HEBREW AND JEWISH MESSENGER. Weekly. New York. Est. 1879. THE AMERICAN ISRAELITE. Weekly. Cincinnati, 0. Est. 1854. See also THE CHICAGO ISRAELITE. DER AMEHIKANER. Yiddish. Weekly. New York. Est. 1904. ARGUS. Monthly. Scranton, Pa. First issue November, 1910. Organ Young Men's Hebrew Association. THE ARK. Monthly. Cincinnati, 0. First issue November 24, 1911. Formerly " Young Israel." ATHENEUM. Semi-monthly. New Orleans, La. Est. 1903 as YOUNG MEN'S HEBREW ASSOCIATION MAGAZINE. Organ of Young Men's Hebrew Association, New Orleans, La. *BETH EL TIDINGS. Published by West Philadelphia Jewish Lyceum. B'NAI B'RITH MESSENGER. Semi-monthly. Los Angeles, Calif. Est. 1897. B'NAI B'RITH NEWS. Monthly. Chicago, 111. Est. 1908. BOSTON JEWISH AMERICAN. Yiddish. Weekly. Boston, Mass. Est. 1908. •BROWNSVILLE POST. Yiddish. Weekly. Brooklyn, N. Y. CHICAGO HEBREW INSTITUTE MESSENGER. Monthly. Chicago, 111. First issue November, 1909. Organ of Chicago Hebrew Institute, Chicago, 111. THE CHICAGO ISRAELITE. Weekly. Chicago, 111. Est. 1854. Chicago edition of THE AMERICAN ISRAELITE. LIST OF JEWISH PERIODICALS 269

•CHRONICLE. Monthly. New York City. Organ of Free Synagogue Religious School. *THE CRUCIBLE. Monthly. St. Louis, Mo. Organ of Jewish Educational Alliance. EMANU-EL. Weekly. San Francisco, Calif. Est. 1895. ENTERTAINER. St. Louis, Mo. Est. 1907. Official organ of the United Hebrew Entertaining Circle. FALCON. Monthly. Montgomery, Ala. Published by Falcon Club. FREIE ARBEITER STIMME. Yiddish. Weekly. New York and Phila- delphia. Est. 1899. THE GLEANER. Monthly. Farm School, Pa. Est. 1901. Published by the students of the National Farm School, Doylestown, Pa. GROSSER KUNDES. Yiddish. Weekly. New York. Est. 1908. HA-DEBORAH (THE BEE). Hebrew. Monthly. New York City. First issue November, 1911. HA-ZOER. Hebrew. Monthly. Baltimore, Md. First issue May, 1912. Organ of Hebrew Education Society. THE HEBREW. English and German. Weekly. San Francisco, Calif. Est. 1863. THE HEBREW STANDARD. Weekly. New York. Est. 1883. IDISCHE STIME. Yiddish. Weekly. Cincinnati, O. First issue April 11, 1911. Formerly published in Louisville, Ky. First issue September 30, 1910. English title, " The Jewish Voice." INDEPENDENT ORDER FREE SONS OF ISRAEL. Chicago, 111. Est. 1903. Organ of the Order. JEWISH ADVOCATE. Weekly. Boston, Mass. Est. 1905. Est. 1905 as Boston Advocate; name changed May, 1909. JEWISH CHARITIES. Monthly. Baltimore, Md. Reorganized, 1910. Organ of National Conference of Jewish Charities. THE JEWISH CHAUTAUQUAN. Monthly. Philadelphia, Pa. Est. 1908. Organ of the Jewish Chautauqua Society. JEWISH COMMENT. Weekly. Baltimore, Md. Est. 1895. JEWISH COURIER. Yiddish. Chicago, 111. THE JEWISH CRITERION. Weekly. Pittsburg, Pa. Est. 1895. JEWISH DALLY PRESS. Yiddish. Daily. Cleveland, Ohio. Est. 1908. 270 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

JEWISH ECHO. Yiddish. Weekly. Rochester, N. Y. Published by Jewish Publishing Co. THE JEWISH EXPONENT. Weekly. Philadelphia, Pa. Est. 1886. THE JEWISH FAEMEB. Yiddish. Monthly. New York City. Est. 1908. Organ of the Jewish Agricultural and Industrial Aid Society. JEWISH HERALD. Monthly. Houston, Texas. Est. 1908. JEWISH IMMIGRANT. Occasional. English and Yiddish. New York City. Est. 1908. Published by Hebrew Sheltering and Immigrant Aid Society. THE JEWISH INDEPENDENT. Weekly. Cleveland, O. Est. 1906. THE JEWISH LEDGER. Weekly. New Orleans, La. Est. 1895. Official organ of the joint lodges of New Orleans, Independent Order of B'nai B'rith. JEWISH LIFE. Yiddish and English. Weekly. Baltimore, Md. First issue April 11, 1910. Issued by United Hebrew Charities. See DAS TIDDISHB LEBEN. JEWISH LIFE. Weekly. Indianapolis, Ind. First issue Decemher 31,1909. THE JEWISH ORPHAN ASYLUM MAGAZINE. Monthly. Cleveland, O. Est. 1903. THE JEWISH OUTLOOK. Weekly. Denver, Colo., and Kansas City, Mo. Est. 1903. First issue Kansas City edition, March 19, 1910. JEWISH PRESS. Yiddish. Daily. Chicago, 111. Est. 1888. See also JEWISH PROGRESS. •JEWISH PRESS. Yiddish. Worcester, Mass. JEWISH PRESS. Yiddish and English. Weekly. St. Louis, Mo. First issue January 12, 1912. JEWISH PROGRESS. Yiddish. Weekly. Chicago, 111. Est. 1888. Weekly edition of JEWISH PRESS. JEWISH QUARTERLY REVIEW. Philadelphia, Pa. New Series, Jan- • uary, 1910. Published by the Dropsie College for Hebrew and Cognate Learning. THE JEWISH REVIEW AND OBSERVER. Weekly. Cleveland, O. Est. 1889. *JEWISH SENTINEL. Weekly. Chicago, 111. THE JEWISH SPECTATOR. Weekly. Memphis and Nashville, Tenn.; and New Orleans, La. Est. 1885. THE JEWISH TIMES. Weekly. San Francisco, Calif. Est. 1855. LIST OF JEWISH PERIODICALS 271

THE JEWISH TRIBUNE. Weekly. Portland, Ore.; Seattle and Tacoma, Wash.; and Sacramento, Calif. Est. 1902. THE JEWISH VOICE. Weekly. St. Louis, Mo. Est. 1884. JEWISH WEEKLY. English and Yiddish. Weekly. Boston, Mass. First issue October 27,1911. JEWISH WEEKLY. Yiddish. Providence, R. I. Est. 1909. JEWISH WEEKLY OF THE TWIN CITIES. Weekly. Minneapolis and St. Paul, Minn. First issue June 14, 1912. JEWISH WORLD. Yiddish. Weekly. St. Louis, Mo. First Issue December 10, 1909. JUDISCHE GAZETTEN. Yiddish. Weekly. New York. Est. 1874. English title, " The Jewish Gazette." Weekly edition of XODISCHES TAGEBLATT. DIE JUDISCHE POST. Yiddish. Weekly. Pittsburg, Pa. Est. 1903. English title, " The Jewish Post." JUDISCHES TAGEBLATT. Yiddish. Daily. New York. Est. 1885. English title, " Jewish Daily News." See also JODISCHE GAZETTEN. *JUNIOR MACCABEAN. Monthly. Wilkes-Barre, Pa. DEE KIBETZER. Yiddish. Monthly. New York City. Est. 1908. LA AGUILA. Spanish-Jewish. Daily. New York City. First issue February 23, 1912. LA AMERICA. Spanish-Jewish. Weekly. New York City. First issue Nov. 11, 1910. •THE LITTLE WORLD. Hebrew. Monthly. Cleveland, Ohio. Est. 1906. Hebrew title, " 01am Katon." Published by the Ivriah. THE MACCABEAN. Monthly. New York. Est. 1901. Published under the supervision of the Federation of American Zionists. MENORAH. Monthly. Indianapolis, Ind. First issue April 5, 1910. Organ of Indianapolis Lodge, No. 58, I. O. B. B. THE MODERN VIEW. Weekly. St. Louis, Mo. Est. 1901. MONTHLY BULLETIN. New York. Est. 1900. Organ of the Young Men's Hebrew Association. DER MORGEN JOURNAL. Yiddish. Daily. New York. Est. 1902. English title, " The Jewish Morning Journal." Dos NAYE LAND. Yiddish. Weekly. New York City. First issue September 16, 1911.

Dos NAYE LEBEN. Yiddish. Monthly. Est. 1908. 18 272 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

NEW GENERATION. Monthly. Omaha, Neb. First issue May, 1909. Organ of Junior Zion Gates of Order Knights of Zion. NEWARK WOCHENBLATT. Yiddish. Weekly. Newark, N. J. First issue July 31, 1910. NEWS-LETTEB. Monthly. Kansas City, Mo. Est. 1907. Organ of Kansas City, Mo., Section C. J. W. OBSERVER. Monthly. Rochester, N. Y. First issue February, 1912. Organ of Jewish Young Men's Association. *OHEB SHOLOM REVIEW. English. Monthly. Newark, N. J. Organ of Congregation Oheb Sholom. OKLAHOMA JEWISH REVIEW. Monthly. Oklahoma City, Okla. First issue April, 1912. OKDENS ECHO. German. Monthly. New York. Est. 1884. Official organ of the Independent Order of True Sisters. OUR REVIEW. Weekly. Bedford Station, N. Y. Est. 1906. Published by the inmates of the Montefiore Country Sanitarium. PHILADELPHIA JEWISH MORNING JOURNAL. Yiddish. Daily. Phila- delphia, Pa. Est. 1899 as PHILADELPHIA ABEND-POST. Name changed June 1, 1907. •THE RECORD. Monthly. Philadelphia, Pa. Published by Alumni Society of Mikveh Israel Congregation. THE REFORM ADVOCATE. Weekly. Chicago, 111. Est. 1891. *REFORM CHRONICLE. Monthly. Detroit, Mich. THE REVIEW. Eight numbers annually. Philadelphia, Pa. Est. 1905. Organ of the Young Men's Hebrew Association. THE ROUMANIAN-AMERICAN. Monthly. San Francisco, Calif. Est. 1908. Organ of the Roumanian Hebrew Protective League. THE SANATORIUM. Appears irregularly. Denver, Colo. Est. 1907. Organ of the Jewish Consumptives' Relief Society. DER SONNTAO COURIER. Yiddish. Weekly. Chicago, 111. Est. 1887. English title, " The Sunday Jewish Courier." Sunday edition of DEB TXGLICHER JUDISCHER COURIER. DER SONNTAG KOL. Yiddish. Weekly. Chicago, 111. Est. 1900. English title, " The Sunday Jewish Call." Sunday edition of DEE TAGLICHEE YIDDISHER KOL. DER TAGLICHER JUDISCHER COURIER. Yiddish. Daily. Chicago, 111. Est. 1887. English title, " The Daily Jewish Courier." See also DEB SONNTAG CODRIER. DER TAGLICHER YIDDISHER KOL. Daily. Chicago, 111. Est. 1900. English title, " The Daily Jewish Call." See also DER SONNTAQ KOL. LIST OF JEWISH PERIODICALS 273

TEMPLE CHRONICLE. Monthly. Newark, N. J. First issue January, 1912. Organ of Temple B'nai Jeshurun. TEXAS ISRAELITE. Monthly. Fort Worth, Texas. Est. 1908. DEE VOLKSADVOKAT. Yiddish. Weekly. New York. Est. 1891. Weekly edition of DIE WAJIHEIT. DEE VOLKSFRETTND. Yiddish and Hebrew. Weekly. Pittsburg, Pa. Est. 1889. VOBWARTS. Yiddish. Daily. New York and Philadelphia. Est. 1896. English title, " Forward." DIE WAEHEIT. Yiddish. Daily. New York. Est. 1905. English title, " The Truth and Daily Herald." See also DER VOLKS- ADVOKAT. Dos YIDDISCHE FOLK. Yiddish. Weekly. New York. Est. 1909. Published by Zion Press Association. DIE YIDDISCHE WOCHENSCHRIFT. Yiddish. Weekly. New York City. First issue January 19, 1912. YIDDISHE AEBEITEB WELT. Yiddish. Weekly. Chicago, 111. Est. 1908. Organ of the Jewish Socialist Publishing Association. English title, " Jewish Labor World." YIDDISHE BAKER. Yiddish. Weekly. New York City. First issue January 13, 1911. DAS YIDDISHE LEBEN. English and Yiddish. Monthly. Baltimore. First issue January 1,1910. Organ of United Hebrew Charities. See JEWISH LIFE. DEE YIDDISHES RECORD. Yiddish. Weekly. Chicago, 111. First issue March 4, 1910. English title, " The Jewish Record." DER YIDDISHES WAECHTEB. Yiddish. Monthly. New York City. First issue February, 1912. YOUNG JUD^A. Zion Council Bulletin. New York. Zionist Publi- cation. Est. 1909. ZEDAKAH. Quarterly. Cincinnati, O. First issue December, 1911. Organ of Jewish Settlement of Cincinnati. ZION'S MESSENGER. Monthly. English. New York City. First issue March, 1912. Junior Zion Central Committee. DIE ZUKUNFT. Yiddish. Monthly. New York. Est. 1892. English title, " The Future." 274 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

APPOINTMENTS, HONOKS, AND ELECTIONS

JULY 1, 1911, TO JUNE 30, 1912

AARON, MARCUS, Pittsburg, Pa., appointed, by Judges of Allegheny County Courts, member Central Board of Education, Oct., 1911. ADLER, SIMON L., Rochester, N. Y., re-elected to State Assembly, Nov. 7, 1911. ALTMAN, AARON, San Francisco, Calif., elected to Advisory Board of California Historical Landmarks League, Feb., 1912. AMBEEG, N. SAMUEL, appointed member Research Staff of the Otho S. A. Sprague Memorial Institute, Chicago, Apl., 1912. ANDERSON, HARRY G., Brooklyn, N. Y., appointed Assistant District Attorney for Kings County, Mch., 1912. BACHARACH, HARRY, elected Mayor, Atlantic City, N. J., Nov., 1911. BANKS, BENJAMIN A., Norfolk, Va., elected to State Legislature, Oct., 1911. BAENERT, NATHAN, Paterson, N. J., appointed Finance Commis- sioner, Feb., 1912. BARNETT, MAX, Monaca, Pa., elected to Council, Dec, 1911. BAEONDESS, JOSEPH, Brooklyn, N. Y., appointed, by Mayor, member Board of Education, Nov., 1911; appointed, by Acting Gov- ernor, delegate to represent New York State at International Convention of Factory Inspectors, at Washington, June 4-8, May, 1912. BENESCH, ALFRED A., Cleveland, 0., appointed delegate to Municipal Conference at Columbus, 0., Jan., 1912. BERGSON, HENRI, French philosopher, receives degree of LL. D. from Columbia University, June, 1912. BEEKOWITZ, HENRY, Philadelphia, Pa., appointed, by Mayor, member of Philadelphia Vice Commission. BEENHEIM, BEBNARD, Louisville, Ky., appointed, by Governor, on committee to arrange Dedication of Lincoln Memorial Build- ing, Hodgeville, Ky., Nov. 9, 1911. BEENHEIM, ISAAC W., Louisville, Ky., appointed, by Governor, on committee to arrange Dedication of Lincoln Memorial Build- ing, Hodgeville, Ky., Nov. 9, 1911. APPOINTMENTS, HONORS, AND ELECTIONS £75

BERNHEIMEB, CHAS. S., appointed, by Borough President, member local School Board No. 39 of Brooklyn, N. Y., Jan., 1912. BERNSTEIN, ABRAHAM L., Brooklyn, N. Y., appointed Deputy Tax Commissioner for New York City, Aug., 1911. BILLIKOPF, JACOB, Kansas City, Mo., elected President State Con- ference of Charities and Correction, Nov., 1911. BLOCK, MTER J., Baltimore, Md., re-elected Judge of Orphans' Court, Nov. 7, 1911. BLOOM, FRANK, appointed Second Lieutenant, Field Artillery, Oct., 1911. BLOOM, I. N., Louisville, Ky., appointed, by Governor, on committee to arrange Dedication of Lincoln Memorial Building, Hodge- ville, Ky., Nov. 9, 1911. BLUM, EDWARD C, elected Trustee Brooklyn Institute of Arts and Sciences, Dec, 1911. BLUMENSTIEL, EMANUEL, New York City, appointed Counsel to Sheriff, Dec, 1911. *BKEGSTONE, PHILIP P., Chicago, 111., appointed Assistant Judge Probate Court, Jan., 1911. BRENNER, JACOB, Brooklyn, N. Y., appointed Sheriff's Counsel, Dec. 30, 1911. CANTOR, JACOB A., New York City, appointed, by Mayor, member of committee on Paving Streets of New York, Oct., 1911; appointed, by Governor, delegate to represent New York State, at Eighth Annual Convention of National River and Harbors' Congress, at Washington, D. C, Dec, 1911. COFFEE, RUDOLPH I., Pittsburg, Pa., appointed, by Mayor, member of Pittsburg Vice Commission, Apl., 1912. COHEN, ALBERT MORRIS, Ensign, appointed Lieutenant, Junior Grade, United States Navy; confirmed, Men. 13, 1912. COHEN, ALFRED M., Cincinnati, 0., appointed, by Governor, to represent Ohio at Conference of American Society for Judicial Settlement of International Disputes, Nov. 7-8, 1911. COHEN, CHARLES J., Philadelphia, Pa., elected Vice-President The Numismatic and Antiquarian Society, Philadelphia, Dec, 1911; elected member Executive Council Philadelphia Board of Trade, Jan., 1912; elected First Vice-President Philadelphia Chamber of Commerce, Jan., 1912; elected Vice- President Fairmount Park Art Association, Feb. 1912. * Omitted from AMERICAN JEWISH YEAH BOOK 5672. 276 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

COHEN, HENRY, New York City, appointed, by Commissioner Waldo, Inspector of Police, Aug., 1911. COHEN, M. HENEY, Tampa, Fla., elected Municipal Judge, June, 1912. CUTLER, HABRY, Providence, R. I., appointed, by Mayor, member Playgrounds Committee, May, 1912. DAVID, JOSEPH, Cleveland, O., receives first Panama Canal medal, Aug., 1911. DAVID, JOSEPH B., appointed delegate, by Mayor of Chicago, to Lakes-to-the-Gulf Deep Waterway Association Convention, Oct., 1911. DRUCKER, SAUL, appointed member Hotchkiss Committee, investigating conditions at Illinois Industrial School for Girls and other institutions, Sept., 1911. EDLIS, ADOLPH, Pittsburg, Pa., elected Treasurer Board of Edu- cation, Feb., 1912. EICHENBATJM, SAMUEL, Corning, O., re-elected Mayor, Nov. 17,1911. EINSTEIN, LEWIS, appointed, by President Taft, Minister Plenipo- tentiary to Costa Rica, July, 1911. ELKUS, ABEAM I., New York City, appointed, by Governor, to represent New York State at Fourth Convention of Atlantic Deeper Waterways Association, at Richmond, Oct. 17-20, 1911; elected delegate to Democratic National Convention, Men., 1912. ENELOW, H. G., Louisville, Ky., appointed, by Governor, on committee to arrange Dedication of Lincoln Memorial Building, Hodgeville, Ky., Nov. 9, 1911. FAIR, O., Tampa, Fla., elected Councilman-at-Large, June, 1912. FELHEIM, LYMAN, elected President Erie, Pa., Chamber of Com- merce, Apl., 1912. FEBNBACHER, NATHAN, appointed State Transfer Tax-Appraiser for New York County, N. Y., Apl., 1912. FISHER, LEON H., appointed, by New York State Board of Regents, member State Board of Examiners of Certified Public Ac- countants, July, 1911. FLECK, CHAS. I., New York City, elected to State Assembly, Nov. 7, 1911. FLEXNER, SIMON, New York City, awarded, by University of Edin- burgh, Cameron Prize in Practical Therapeutics, Sept., 1911; appointed, by Emperor William of Germany, honorary member Royal Institute for Experimental Therapeutics of Frank- fort-on-the-Main, Nov., 1911. APPOINTMENTS, HONORS, AND ELECTIONS 277

*Fox, GEORGE, Fort Worth, Tex., appointed Chairman Charity Com- mission, and member Executive Committee State Board of Charities and Correction, 1911; appointed, by Governor, delegate to National Charities and Correction Convention, at Cleveland, O., June, 1912. FRANKFURTER, FELIX, Washington, D. C, appointed, by Secretary of War, Solicitor to the Bureau of Insular Affairs in War Department, July, 1911. FRANKLIN, MELVIN M., Philadelphia, Pa., receives degree of LL. D. from Villanova College, June, 1912. FREXJND, CHAS. J., Salt Lake City, Utah, appointed, by Governor, delegate to Eighth Annual Conference National Child Labor Commission, Louisville, Ky., Feb., 1912; appointed, by Gov- ernor, delegate to Celebration of One Hundredth Anniversary of Peace among English-speaking Peoples of the World, Mch., 1912. FRIEDMAN, HERBERT J., Chicago, 111., appointed Counsel for Civil Service Commission, July, 1911. FROHMAN, DANIEL, New York City, appointed, by Mayor, member Titanic Memorial Committee of New York City, June 3, 1912. GELLER, S. M., Portland, Ore., appointed, by Mayor, City Physician, Sept., 1911. GOLDBERG, MARK, New York City, re-elected to State Assembly, Nov. 7, 1911. GOLDENKRANZ, SOLOMON, New York City, appointed State Transfer Tax-Appraiser, Feb., 1912. GOLDMAN, A., Tampa, Fla., elected Councilman, May, 1912. GOLDSTEIN, H. I., Camden, N. J., appointed State Sanitary Inspector of the New Jersey Board of Health, June, 1912. GOLDSTEIN, LOUIS, Brooklyn, N. Y., appointed Assistant District Attorney, Dec, 1911. GOODMAN, ABRAM, New York City, re-elected to State Assembly, Nov. 7, 1911. GRAUBARD, MORITZ, New York City, re-elected to State Assembly, Nov. 7, 1911. GREENBERG, MEYER, New York City, elected to State Assembly, Nov. 7, 1911. GRDSS, M. J., Cleveland, 0., appointed on committee on Celebration of One Hundredth Anniversary of Peace among English- speaking Peoples of the World, Feb., 1912. * Omitted from AMEBICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK 5672. 278 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

GBOSS, LOUIS D., Akron, O., appointed, by Mayor, delegate to Na- tional Conference of Charities and Correction, at Cleveland, O., June, 1912. GUGGENHEIM, CHAS. J. E., First Lieutenant United States Navy, promoted Captain; confirmed, Jan. 8, 1912. HACKENBUBG, WM. B., Philadelphia, Pa., re-elected Grand Treas- urer Grand Lodge Free and Accepted Masons of Pennsylvania, Dec, 1911. HANAUEB, A. M., appointed, by Governor, delegate from Pennsyl- vania to National Civic Federation, at Washington, D. C, Mch. 5-7, 1912, Feb., 1912. HANDMAN, LEVI, Marshall, Tex., appointed Assistant Professor of Sociology at University of Chicago, June, 1912. HABBUBGEB, JULIUS, New York City, elected Sheriff, Nov. 7, 1911. HAEBISON, JOSEPH H., Denver, Colo., appointed Postmaster, Jan., 1912. HAET, ALFEED, Kansas City, Mo., appointed, by Governor, to represent Missouri at Conference in New Orleans to Consider Wel- fare of Cotton Producers, Nov., 1911. HABTOGENSIS, B. H., Baltimore, Md., elected member Central Com- mittee Alliance Israelite Universelle, Aug., 1911. HEBBST, ABEAM W., New York City, elected Alderman, Nov. 7, 1911. HEBSHENSON, ELIHU A., Boston, Mass., appointed Judge Newsboys' Trial Board, Feb., 1912. HEEZBEBG, WILLIAM, promoted Chief Machinist United States Navy; confirmed, Jan. 18, 1912. HESSBEEG, ALBEBT, Albany, N. Y., appointed, by Governor, Trustee Schuyler Mansion, Aug., 1911. HEYMAN, HAEEY, Brooklyn, N. Y., re-elected to State Assembly, Nov. 7. 1911. HEYMAN, SEYMOUB, elected President Board of Education, Okla- homa City, Okla., May, 1912. HILLSON, JOSEPH, Somerville, Mass., elected Alderman, Fourth Ward, Dec. 12, 1911. HIBSCH, DAVID, Louisville, Ky., appointed, by Governor, on committee to arrange Dedication of Lincoln Memorial Building, Hodgeville, Ky., Nov. 9,1911; elected Director Board of Trade, Jan., 1912. HIBSCHENSTEIN, SAMUEL, appointed, by United States Attorney Wise, Assistant United States District Attorney for New York, Mch., 1912. APPOINTMENTS, HONORS, AND ELECTIONS 279

JACOBI, ABRAHAM, New York City, elected honorary member Inter- national Congress for Protection of Infantile Life, at Berlin, Sept., 1911. JACOBS, LEON M., Phoenix, Ariz., elected to Legislature, 1911. JACOBSON, FELIX S., Arlington, N. J., appointed Postmaster, Feb., 1912. JAMES, PETEE H., Jersey City, N. J., promoted to Staff of the Quartermaster General of the State, with rank of Major, from Feb. 1, 1912. JASTROW, MORRIS, JR., Philadelphia, Pa., appointed, by Secretary of State, delegate from United States Government to Tenth International Congress of Orientalists, at Athens, Greece, in Apl., 1912, Dec, 1911. JOSEPHTHAL, Louis M., appointed Lieutenant-Commander and Pay- master, New York Naval Militia, June, 1912. JUDELSOHN, M. J. I., New York City, appointed to United States Consular Service, Apl. 15, 1912. KAHN, MBS. JULIUS, California, elected Treasurer Congressional Section Women's Department National Civic Federation, May, 1912. KEMPNER, OTTO, elected President*Conference of City Magistrates of State of New York, Dec. 9, 1911. KLAFTER, DAVID S., Chicago, 111., appointed, by Mayor, member of Commission to Conserve Residential Portion of Chicago, Dec, 1911. KLEIN, JACOB, Rankin, Pa., elected Councilman, Nov., 1911. KLINE, ADOLPH, New York City, elected Alderman, Nov. 7, 1911. KOENIG, SAMUEL S., New York City, elected Chairman Republican County Committee, Apl., 1912. KOHN, MAETIN J., elected Permanent Chairman Maryland Congress of Master Printers, June, 1912. KORNFELD, JOSEPH, Columbus, 0., appointed Secretary and Direc- tor City's Recreation Department, Jan., 1912; appointed, by Governor, delegate to Congress of American Playgrounds Association, June, 1912. KORNHAUSER, SAMUEL J., Cleveland, 0., appointed Assistant County Prosecutor, Dec, 1911. KRAMER, MRS. S. J., New York City, appointed, by Mayor, member Board of Education, Dec, 1911. 280 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

KKATJS, ADOLF, appointed, by Mayor of Chicago, delegate to Lakes- to-the-Gulf Deep Waterway Association Convention, Oct., 1911. KBATTSKOPF, JOSEPH, Philadelphia, Pa., elected member Executive Board of Housing Commission of Philadelphia, Aug., 1911; appointed, by Mayor, on committee on Conference and Exhi- bition on Child Welfare, Philadelphia, Pa., Nov., 1911. KBOHN, IRWIN M., Cincinnati, 0., appointed, by Mayor, member Board of Park Commissioners, May, 1912. LANDSMAN, HARET, St. Louis, Mo., elected Department Commander, Missouri Militia, June, 1912. LANGSDOEF, A. S., Dean School of Engineering, St. Louis, Mo., appointed member of Committee on Organization of Interna- tional Electrical Congress at San Francisco, in 1915, June, 1912. LASCOFF, J. LEON, appointed, by New York State Board of Regents, member State Board of Pharmacy, July, 1911. LAUCHHEIMER, CHABI.ES H., Colonel United States Marine Corps, elected President Army and Navy Club of Manila, July, 1911. LEAVITT, LOUIS, New York City, appointed Deputy Sheriff for New York County, Aug., 1911. LEINKAUF, HERMAN W., elected President School Board, Mobile County, Ala., Sept., 1911. LEONARD, OSCAE, St. Louis, Mo., appointed Associate Secretary Missouri State Conference of Charities and Correction, Jan., 1912; elected to Executive Board Child Welfare Association, Feb., 1912; appointed, by Governor, delegate from Missouri to Southern Sociological Congress, at Nashville, Tenn., May, 1912; appointed, by Mayor, delegate to represent St Louis at National Conference of Charities and Correction, at Cleveland, O., June, 1912. LEVENSON, JOSEPH M., Chelsea, Mass., elected member of School Board, Dec, 1911. LEVI, CHAS, S., Peoria, 111., appointed member Ways and Means Committee of the Association of Commerce, Apl., 1912. LEVINS, MAX S., New York City, elected Alderman, Nov. 7, 1911. LEVY, AABON J., New York City, re-elected to State Assembly, Nov. 7, 1911. LEVY, DEBONDA, Montgomery, Ala., appointed, by Governor, member Excise Commission of Russell County, Aug., 1911. APPOINTMENTS, HONORS, AND ELECTIONS 281

LEVY, HABBY M., Cincinnati, O., appointed Jury Commissioner by Common Pleas Court, Jan., 1912. LEVY, ISIDOB M., New York City, appointed, by Mayor, member Board of Education, Dec, 1911. LEVY, JACOB, New York City, re-elected to State Assembly, Nov. 7, 1911. LEVY, LOUIS S., Cincinnati, 0., appointed, by Mayor, member Board of Hospital Commissioners, Jan., 1912. LEVY, MAX, Bayonne, N. J., elected member Board of Education, Feb., 1912. LEVY, PHIL, Butte, Mont., appointed, by Mayor, Police Commis- sioner, May, 1912. LEWIS, IBA, New York City, appointed special Deputy Sheriff, Feb., 1912. LIEBEEMAN, NATHAN, New York City, elected Alderman, Nov. 7, 1911. LIPSKY, HAEBY A., Chicago, 111., appointed, by Mayor, member City School Board, July, 1911. LITTAUEB, Lucius N., Gloversville, N. Y., elected member Board of Regents of University of State of New York, Feb., 1912; elected delegate to Republican National Convention, Men., 1912. LOEB, HENKY, Reading, Pa., re-elected Alderman, Nov. 7, 1911. LOEB, HERMAN, Philadelphia, Pa., appointed, by Mayor, Director of Supplies, Dec, 1911. LOEB, MOBEIS, New York City, appointed, by Mayor, member Board of Education, Dec, 1911. LOWY, MOBTIMEE, Newark, N. J., elected member House of As- sembly for Erie County, 1912. MACHT, DAVID I., Baltimore, Md., appointed Coroner by Governor, Feb., 1912. MACK, JULIAN "W., Judge, Chicago, 111., reappointed for five years to Commerce Court, Feb., 1912. MABCUS, OTTMAE, Baltimore, Md., Director City-wide Congress, May, 1912. MABGOLIES, ELIAS, appointed Instructor in Hebrew, Extension De- partment, Columbia University, New York City for 1912-13, Apl., 1912. 282 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

MARKELL, SAMUEL, Chelsea, Mass., elected Alderman of Second Ward, Dec. 12, 1911. MARKS, BERNARD, New York City, appointed Assistant Deputy Sheriff, Aug., 1911. MARKS, DAVID W., Covington, Tenn., appointed Postmaster; confirmed, Jan., 1912. MASKS, MARTIN A., Cleveland, 0., re-elected President Library Board, July 12, 1911. MARKS, SAMUEL, New York City, elected Alderman, Nov. 7, 1911. MARSHALL, WILLIAM, Louisville, Ky., appointed, by Governor, on Committee to arrange Dedication of Lincoln Memorial Build- ing, Hodgeville, Ky., Nov. 9, 1911. MATER, JULIUS M., appointed United States Judge for Southern District of New York, Feb. 26, 1912. MAYER, SIMON, elected Alderman of Third Ward, Chicago, 111., Apl., 1912. MICHAEL, ELIAS, St. Louis, Mo., elected to committee on Permanent Organization of the Chamber of Commerce of the United States of America, Apl., 1912. MICHAELSON, ALBERT A., Chicago, 111., receives honorary degree from Christiana University, Sweden, Sept., 1911. MICHAELSON, L. B., Trenton, N. J., appointed delegate to Atlantic Deeper Waterways Convention, at Richmond, Va., Oct., 1911. MILLER, HARRY, Brooklyn, N. Y., appointed, by Mayor, Magistrate of Queens County, Oct., 1911. MORRIS, AARON M., Pickens, S. C, appointed Postmaster; confirmed, Feb. 21, 1912. MOSES, MOULTRIE, Montgomery, Ala., appointed, by Governor, member Excise Commission of Russell County, Aug., 1911. NEWMAN, M., Blsbee, Ariz., elected Mayor, July 6, 1911. NOVA, ALGERNON I., Brooklyn, N. Y., appointed Assistant District Attorney of Kings County, July, 1911. NUSSBAUM, Louis, appointed District Superintendent Public Schools for Fourth District, Philadelphia, Pa., Jan., 1912. OHLMAN, L. W., Meadville, Pa., elected member Select Council, Nov., 1911. PALIER, MRS. ANNIE M., St. Paul, Minn., appointed, by Mayor, delegate to National Conference of Charities and Correction, at Cleveland, O., June, 1912. APPOINTMENTS, HONORS, AND ELECTIONS 283

PAM, HUGO, Chicago, 111., elected Judge of Superior Court, Nov., 1911. PEIXOTTO, DE. JESSICA B., Berkeley, Calif., appointed, by Governor, member State Board of Charities and Correction, May, 1912. PFAELZEK, DAVID M., Chicago, 111., appointed, by Mayor, member City School Board, July, 1911; appointed, by Mayor, delegate to Lakes-to-the-Gulf Deep Waterway Association Convention, Oct., 1911. PISKO, MRS. S., Denver, Colo., appointed member City Board of Charities and Correction, June, 1912. PUNCH, MONTAGUE, St. Louis, Mo., appointed Master in Chancery by Judge Dyer, U. S. Circuit Court, June, 1912. PUTZEL, LEWIS N., Baltimore, Md., elected Director City-wide Congress, May, 1912. RAISIN, MAX, Meridian, Miss., receives degree of LL. D., University of Mississippi, June 4, 1912. RAPPOPORT, JULIUS, Chicago, 111., appointed, by Mayor, member Special Park Commission, Feb., 1912. RAVINE, "WILLIAM, Cincinnati, O., appointed Chief Medical In- spector Public Schools, Jan., 1912. RIESMAN, DAVID, Philadelphia, Pa., appointed Professor of Clinical Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, May, 1912. ROSENBAUM, PHILIP C, St. Louis, Mo., appointed Aide-de-Camp by Commander of State Militia; Chairman Legislative Com- mittee, June, 1912. ROSENBLATT, S. J., appointed, by Mayor, member Special Parks Commission, Chicago, 111., Dec, 1911. ROSENBLUTH, ROBEET, New York City, appointed Forester in New York State Forest, Fish, and Game Department, July, 1911. ROSENSON, IEA L., Brooklyn, N. Y., appointed Excise Counsel for Borough of Brooklyn, July, 1911. ROSENTHAL, JOSEPH W., Rochester, N. Y., appointed, by Governor, Manager State Hospital, Aug., 1911. ROSENWALD, JULIUS, Chicago, 111., elected Trustee University of Chicago, May, 1912. ROSEWATEE, MRS. NATHAN, appointed, by Governor of Ohio, delegate to National Conference of Charities and Correction, at Cleveland, 0., June, 1912. 284 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

ROSEWATEE, VICTOR, Omaha, Neb., appointed Acting Chairman Republican National Committee, Mch., 1912; Chairman, June, 1912. SABATH, A. J., appointed, by Mayor of Chicago, delegate to Lakes- to-the-Gulf Deep Waterway Association Convention, Oct., 1911. SACHS, OSCAR, Kansas City, Mo., appointed Imperial German Con- sular Agent from Berlin, for Kansas City and the State of Kansas, July, 1911. SADLER, NOEMAN J., St. Louis, Mo., appointed Assistant City At- torney, July, 1911. SARBINSKY, MAURICE, Cleveland, O., appointed City Electrician, Jan., 1911. SCIIANFARBEE, TOBIAS, Chicago, 111., appointed, by Governor, delegate from Illinois to National Civic Federation, at Washing- ton, March 5-8, Feb., 1912. SCHECTOR, MORRIS S., New York City, elected to State Assembly, Nov. 7, 1911. SCHIFF, JACOB H., New York City, appointed, by Governor, to represent New York State in Fourth Convention of Atlantic Deeper Waterways Association, at Richmond, Oct. 17-20, 1911. SCHWARZ, LAZ., Mobile, Ala., elected Mayor, Aug. 14,1911. SCHWARZ, LEON, re-appointed Captain and Commissary Officer, First Regiment, Alabama National Guard, Aug., 1911. SELIGMAN, ISAAC N., New York City, appointed, by Governor, to represent New York State in Fourth Convention of Atlantic Deeper Waterways Association, at Richmond, Oct. 17-20, 1911. SELLING, BEN, Portland, Ore., nominated in Republican primaries for United States Senator, Apl., 1912. SENIOR, MAX, Cincinnati, O., appointed, by Mayor, member Bureau of Charities and Correction, Jan., 1912. SHLIVEK, MAX, New York City, re-elected to State Assembly, Nov. 7,1911. SICHEL, SIGMUND, Portland, Ore., appointed Chairman Social Ser- vice Commission to Provide Playgrounds for Portland Chil- dren, May, 1912. SLLBER, MENDEL, Albuquerque, N. M., appointed Dean and Professor of Department of Psychology and Education, University of New Mexico, 1912. APPOINTMENTS, HONORS, AND ELECTIONS 285

SILBEBBEEG, MAX, selected member of Council of Administration at Convention of Ohio G. A. R., July, 1911; re-elected Chair- man Hamilton County, Ohio, Memorial Committee, G. A. R., Apl., 1912. SILBERT, SAMUEL H., Cleveland, O., appointed Assistant Prosecutor Municipal Court, Dec, 1911. SILVERMAN, HARRY, New York City, re-appointed Confidential Sec- retary New York State Marine Fisheries Bureau, Apl., 1912. SILVERMAN, JOSEPH, New York City, appointed, by Mayor, member Titanic Memorial Committee of New York City, June 3, 1912. SIMMONS, MAURICE, New York City, elected Commander-in-Chief, United States War Veterans, Oklahoma City, Okla., Aug., 1911. SOLIS-COHEN, DAVID, Portland, Ore., appointed, by Mayor, member of City Executive Board, July, 1911. SOLIS-COHEN, J., Philadelphia, Pa., receives degree of LL. D. from Jefferson Medical College, June 3, and Temple University, June 6, 1912. SOLOMON, HENRY, New York City, President State Commission of Prisons, appointed, by Governor of New York, delegate to National Prison Congress, Omaha, Neb., Oct. 14-19, 1911; re- elected President New York State Prison Board, Jan., 1912; appointed, by Governor, delegate to National Conference of Charities and Correction, at Cleveland, O., June 12-19, Apl., 1912. SOLOMON, MRS. HENRY, Chicago, 111., appointed on Commission to Investigate Workings of Juvenile Court, Aug., 1911. SPEYER, JAMES, New York City, receives Order of Red Eagle, Sec- ond Class, from Emperor William, Jan. 18, 1912. STARK, MEYER MAURICE, appointed First Lieutenant, Medical Re- serve Corps, United States Army; confirmed Apl., 1912. STETNERT, HENRY, New York City, appointed, by Mayor, Justice of Court of Special Sessions, July, 1911. SXOLPER, DR. J. H., Oklahoma City, Okla., appointed General At- torney Department of Charities and Correction of State of Oklahoma, July 1, 1911. STOLZ, JOSEPH, Chicago, 111., appointed, by Governor, delegate to American Prisons Association Convention, at Omaha, Neb., Oct., 1911; officiates as Chaplain to Republican National Con- vention, June 19, 1912. 286 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

STONE, NAT., Milwaukee, Wis., appointed, by Mayor, Chairman Commission on Prices of Market Produce, Nov., 1911. STRAUS, NATHAN, New York City, appointed, by President Taft, delegate to Third International Congress for Protection of Infants, at Berlin, in September; also delegate to represent this Government at Seventh Congress against Tuberculosis, at Rome, July, 1911; appointed, by Governor, delegate to represent New York State, at Eighth Annual Convention of Na- tional River and Harbors Congress, at Washington, D. C, Dec, 1911. STBAUSS, SELIGMAN J., Wilkes-Barre, Pa., elected Judge of Common Pleas Court of Luzerne County, Nov., 1911. SULZBEBGEB, CTBUS L., New York City, appointed, by Governor, delegate to National Conference of Charities and Correction, at Cleveland, O., June 12-19, Apl., 1912. SULZEB, MABCUS R., Madison, Ind., elected President Indiana Post- masters' Association, July, 1911. TIKTON, DANIEL E., Waltham, Mass., elected Alderman, Dec, 1911. TOONIN, E,, Waco, Tex., appointed City Health Officer, May, 1912. UNTEBMYEB, SAMUEL, New York City, appointed, by Governor, Manager Proposed Farm and Industrial Colony for Tramps and Vagrants, Dec, 1911; appointed Counsel to Congressional Committee Investigating Money Power, Feb., 1912; appointed, by Mayor, member Titanic Memorial Committee of New York City, June 3, 1912. VEIT, BENJAMIN, New York City, elected, by Board of Education, District Superintendent of Schools for New York City, Feb., 1912. WACHSMANN, SIEGFBIED, New York City, appointed Professor of Clinical Medicine, at Fordham University Medical School, Jan., 1912. WALTEB, SIMON, Philadelphia, Pa., elected Common Councilman from Twentieth Ward, Nov., 1911. WEIL, EDWABD, New York City, re-elected to State Assembly, Nov. 7, 1911. WEIL, JACOB, New York City, elected Alderman, Nov., 1911. WEINSTOCK, C. LEON, appointed, by Governor, member New York State Commission on New Prisons, Nov., 1911. APPOINTMENTS, HONORS, AND ELECTIONS 287

WEINSTOCK, HARRIS, Sacramento, Calif., appointed, by Governor, member of Commission to Arbitrate between City of San Diego and the Industrial Workers of the World, Apl., 1912. WEISSKOPF, M. A., Chicago, 111., appointed, by Mayor, member School Board on the Bridewell, July, 1911. WESSEL, HENRY N., Philadelphia, Pa., appointed, by Court of Com- mon Pleas, No. 2, member County Board of Law Examiners of Philadelphia County, July, 1911. WHITE, DAVID, Chelsea, Mass., elected Alderman, Dec, 1911. WISE, JONAH B., Portland, Ore., appointed, by Mayor, on committee to Investigate Vice Conditions, Nov., 1911. WOLFSTEIN, DAVID, appointed Trustee University of Cincinnati, Jan., 1912. WULFSON, ISIDOR, Indianapolis, Ind., elected, at request of Gov- ernor, to represent Indiana at Seventh Annual Conference on Weights and Measures of United States, at Washington, D. C, Feb. 15, 1912.

19 288 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

SYNAGOGUES AND HOMES OF SOCIETIES DEDICATED IN THE UNITED STATES 1911 JULY 1, 1911, TO JUNE 30, 1912 JULY 28-30. Temple Israel, Far Rockaway, N. Y. AUGUST 6. Synagogue Beth Jacob, Buffalo, N. Y. (Re- dedicated.) 6. Synagogue, Attleboro, Mass. 18. Synagogue Tifereth Israel, Everett, Mass. 20-22. Orthodox Home for the Aged, Annex, Cleveland, Ohio. 21. Temple Ahavath Israel, Trenton, N. J. 26. Borough Park Civic Club, Brooklyn, N. Y. 27. Synagogue Anshe Sfard, Cleveland, O. SEPTEMBER 3. Synagogue Beth Hamidrash Hagadol, Philadel- phia, Pa. 7-9. Synagogue Oheb Shalom, Newark, N. J. 8. Beth Hamedrosh Hagodol, Omaha, Neb. 10. Temple Israel, "White Plains, N. Y. 10. Synagogue and Hebrew Free School, Congrega- gation Talmud Torah, Bayonne, N. J. 10. Temple Beth El, Buffalo, N. Y. 10. Synagogue Anshe Poland, Cincinnati, O. 10. Synagogue Beth Israel Emeth, Brooklyn, N. Y. (Rededicated.) 10. Synagogue B'rith Sholom, St. Louis, Mo. 10. Hebrew Home for Aged and Disabled, San Fran- cisco, Calif. 10. Synagogue Ohel Jacob, Philadelphia, Pa. 10. Synagogue Ateres Israel, Philadelphia, Pa. 11. Synagogue Beth Hamedrash Hagodel, Rochester, N. Y. 15. Temple Sons of Israel, Bellaire, O. 15. Temple B'nai Israel, Kalamazoo, Mich. 15. Temple B'nai Israel, Wheeling, W. Va. 15. People's Synagogue, Brooklyn, N. Y. 15-17. Temple Beth El, Providence, R. I. 16. Synagogue Nevah Zedek Talmud Torah, Port- land, Ore. 17. West End Hebrew Free School, Boston, Mass. 22. Temple Society of Concord, Syracuse, N. Y. 24. Synagogue Anshe Libawitz, Bridgeport, Conn. 24. Yeshibas Etz Chayim of West Denver, Denver, Colo. SYNAGOGUES AND HOMES DEDICATED 289

OCTOBER 8. Synagogue First Hebrew Congregation, San Le- andro, Calif. 15. Jewish Literary Society, Houston, Tex. 22-Nov. 5. Home of Sons and Daughters of Israel (United Austrian Hebrew Charities Assn.), New York City. 29. Hebrew Literary Association of Cambridge and Somerville, Mass. 29. Home for Destitute Jewish Children, Dorchester, Mass. 29. Central Hebrew Free School (Talmud Torah), Philadelphia, Pa. 29. Jewish Foster Home, Washington, D. C. (end). Hebrew Educational Institute, Albany, N. Y. NOVEMBER 5. Philadelphia Jewish Sanatorium for Consump- tives, Baglesville, Pa. 5. Young Men's Hebrew Association, Reading, Pa. 6. St. Paul Hebrew Institute, St. Paul, Minn. 12. Hebrew Children's Sheltering and Protective Association of Betsy Levy Memorial Home Playground, Baltimore, Md. 17. Greater Boston Hebrew Free School, Boston, Mass. 19. Fannie H. Hamburger Dormitory of J. N. Gusky Hebrew Orphanage and Home, Pittsburg, Pa. 26-Dec. 2. Young Men's Hebrew Association, Pittsburg, Pa. Temple Israel, Terre Haute, Ind. DECEMBER 1. Hebrew Relief Association, Isaac N. Glauber 5. Memorial Building, Cleveland, O. Lebanon Hospital Dispensary Building, New 17. York City. Synagogue Kolboshower Teitelbaum, New York 17. City. 31. Temple B'nai Israel, Hamilton, O. 31. Synagogue Children of Israel, Des Moines, la. 31. Synagogue B'nai Israel, Englewood, 111. 1912 1. Synagogue, Akron, O. JANUARY 21. Hebrew Educational Institute, Chelsea, Mass. 21. Heinsheimer Memorial Building, Young Men's Hebrew Association, New York City. 27. Synagogue Agudas Achim, Peoria, 111. FEBRUARY 4. Temple Mount Sinai, Brooklyn, N. Y. 4. Yeshibas Tiphereth Bachurim, Brownsville, Brooklyn, N. Y. 12. Abraham Lincoln House, Milwaukee, Wis. 18. Kadimo Hebrew School, Baltimore, Md. 290 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

MARCH 1-3. Sinai Temple and Social Centre, Chicago, 111. 3. Synagogue Adath Jeshurun, Manchester, N. H. 11. Dropsie College for Hebrew and Cognate Learn- ing, Philadelphia, Pa. 22-24. Temple Anshe Chesed, Cleveland, O. 31. Synagogue Ahavas Chesed, Mobile, Ala. APRIL 28. Jewish Young Men's Association, Buffalo, N. Y. MAY 3-5. Temple Mount Zion, New York City. 3-5. Temple Israel, Akron, O. 5. Synagogue, Pinebrook, N. J. 5. Young Men's Hebrew Association, Scranton, Pa. 12. Fanny Edel Falk Memorial Building, Pittsburg, Pa. 19. Synagogue Emanu-El, Youngstown, O. 19. Young Men's Hebrew Association, Roxbury, Boston, Mass. 30. Home for Aged and Infirm, Mount Vernon, N. Y. 30. Synagogue First Congregation of Israel, Calu- met, Mich. 30. Jewish Sisterhood, Neighborhood House, New- ark, N. J. JUNE 9. Synagogue Beth Jacob, Dayton, O. 20. Young Men's Hebrew Association, San Francisco, Calif. 23. Synagogue Ahawath Israel Anshe Shaval, Phila- delphia, Pa. Rededicated. 30. Neustadt Memorial Building of Alliance Young Men's Hebrew Association Summer Camp, Cold Spring, N. Y. 30. Synagogue Adath Israel of Hyde Park, Boston, Mass. 30. Jewish Old Folks Home, Detroit, Mich. REPORT OF AMERICAN JEWISH COMMITTEE 291

FIFTH ANNUAL REPORT OF THE AMERICAN JEWISH COMMITTEE NOVEMBER 12, 1911

OFFICERS AND EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE

PRESIDENT MAYER SULZBERGER, Philadelphia

VICE-PKESIDENTS JULIAN W. MACK, Washington JACOB H. HOLLANDER, Baltimore

TREASURER ISAAC W. BERNHEIM, Louisville, Ky.

EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE CYRUS ADLER, Philadelphia, Pa. HARRY CUTLER, Providence, R. I. SAMUEL DORF, New York J. L. MAGNES, New York LOUIS MARSHALL, New York JULIUS ROSENWALD, Chicago, 111. JACOB H. SCHIFF, New York ISADOR SOBEL, Erie, Pa. CYRUS L. SULZBERGER, New York A. LEO WEIL, Pittsburg, Pa.

SECRETARY HERBERT FRIEDENWALD, 356 Second Ave., N. Y. C.

MEMBERS AND DISTRICTS Dist. I: Florida, Georgia, North Carolina, South Carolina. 2 members: Ceasar Cone, Greensboro, N. C. (1916); Montague Triest, Charleston, S. C. (1914). Dist. II: Alabama, Mississippi, Tennessee. 2 members: Nathan Cohn, Nashville, Tenn. (1913); (1913). Dist. Ill: Arizona, Louisiana, New Mexico, Texas. 2 members: Maurice Stern, New Orleans, La. (1914); Isaac H. Kemp- ner, Galveston, Tex. (1916). 292 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

Dist. IV: Arkansas, Colorado, Kansas, Missouri. 3 members: Morris M. Cohn, Little Rock, Ark. (1914); David S. Lehman, Denver, Colo. (1916); Elias Michael, St. Louis, Mo. (1915). Dist. V: California, Idaho, Nevada, Oregon, Utah, Washing- ton. 3 members: Max C. Sloss, San Francisco, Calif. (1916); Harris Weinstock, Sacramento, Calif. (1912); Ben. Selling, Port- land, Ore. (1912). Dist. VI: Iowa, Michigan, Minnesota, Montana, Nebraska, North Dakota, South Dakota, Wisconsin, Wyoming. 4 members: Henry M. Butzel, Detroit, Mich. (1914); Emanuel Cohen, Min- neapolis, Minn. (1915); Victor Rosewater, Omaha, Neb. (1914); Max Landauer, Milwaukee, Wis. (1912). Dist. VII: Illinois. 7 members: Edwin G. Foreman (1914); M. E. Greenebaum (1913); B. Horwich (1912); Julian W. Mack (1913); Julius Rosenwald (1915); Joseph Stolz (1914), all of Chicago, 111.; W. B. Woolner, Peoria, 111. (1916). Dist. VIII: Indiana, Kentucky, Ohio, West Virginia. 5 members: Louis Newberger, Indianapolis, Ind. (1915); Isaac W. Bern- heim, Louisville, Ky. (1912); David Philipson, Cincinnati, O. (1914); J. Walter Freiberg, Cincinnati, O. (1916); E. M. Baker, Cleveland, O. (1913). Dist. IX: City of Philadelphia. 6 members: Cyrus Adler (1913); Wm. B. Hackenburg (1914); B. L. Levinthal (1915); M. Rosenbaum (1915); Mayer Sulzberger (1913); Benjamin Wolf (1912). Dist. X: Delaware, District of Columbia, Maryland, Virginia. 3 members: Harry Friedenwald, Baltimore, Md. (1915); Jacob H. Hollander, Baltimore, Md. (1915). Dist. XI: Connecticut, Maine, Massachusetts, New Hampshire, Rhode Island, Vermont. 3 members: Isaac M. Ullman, New Haven, Conn. (1916); Lee M. Friedman, Boston, Mass. (1912); Harry Cutler, Providence, R. I. (1916). Dist. XII: New York City. 25 members: Joseph Barondess (1913); Samuel Dorf (1917); Bernard Drachman (1914); Harry Fischel (1914); William Fischman (1914); Israel Friedlaender (1913); Samuel B. Hamburger (1913); (1917); Samuel I. Hyman (1916); (1917); Leon Kamaiky (1914); Philip Klein (1917); Nathan Lamport (1913); Adolph Lewisohn (1915); J. L. Magnes (1915); M. Z. Margolies (1916); Louis Marshall (1916); H. Pereira Mendes (1916); Solomon Neumann (1915); Jacob H. Schiff (1917); Bernard Semel (1913); P. A. Siegelstein (1915); Joseph Silverman (1914); Cyrus L. Sulzberger (1915); Felix M. Warburg (1916). Dist. XIII: New York (exclusive of the City). 2 members: Abram J. Katz, Rochester (1913); (1916). Dist. XIV: New Jersey and Pennsylvania (exclusive of Phila- delphia). 3 members: Isaac W. Frank, Pittsburg, Pa. (1912); Isador Sobel, Erie, Pa. (1916); A. Leo Weil, Pittsburg, Pa. (1914). REPORT OP AMERICAN JEWISH COMMITTEE 293

Member at Large: Nathan Bijur, New York City (1912). Representing the National Jewish Fraternal Congress: Sig- mund Fodor, Samuel Kanrich, and Leon Sanders; representing the Union of Orthodox Rabbis: S. E. Jaffe; all of New York City (1912). FIFTH ANNUAL MEETING NOVEMBER 12, 1911 The fifth annual meeting of the American Jewish Committee was held at the Hotel Astor, New York City, on Sunday, November 12, 1911. Present: Judge Sulzberger, in the chair, and Messrs. Joseph Barondess, Nathan Bijur, Ceasar Cone, Harry Cutler, Samuel Dorf, William Fischman, Israel Friedlaender, Isaac W. Frank, Samuel B. Hamburger, Maurice H. Harris, Jacob H. Hollander, B. Horwich, Leon. Kamaiky, Nathan Lamport, David H. Lehman, Julian W. Mack, J. L. Magnes, Louis Marshall, Solomon Neumann, Morris Rosenbaum, Julius Rosenwald, P. A. Siegelstein, Joseph Silverman, Isador Sobel, Isidor Straus, Cyrus L. Sulzberger, Isaac M. Ullman, and A. Leo Weil. Letters regretting their inability to attend were received from Messrs. Cyrus Adler, Edward M. Baker, Isaac W. Bernheim, Henry M. Butzel, Emanuel Cohen, Nathan Cohn, Bernard Drachman, Edwin G. Foreman, Harry Friedenwald, J. Walter Freiberg, Abram J. Katz, I. H. Kempner, William B. Hack- enburg, Samuel I. Hyman, Max Landauer, Jacques Loeb, H. Pereira Mendes, Elias Michael, David Philipson, Victor Rosewater, Jacob H. Schiff, Ben Selling, Max C. Sloss, Maurice Stern, and Benjamin Wolf. The minutes of the fourth annual meeting were approved as printed. The chairman announced the appointment of the following committee on nominations: Isaac W. Frank, David H. Lehman, J. L. Magnes.

REPORT OF THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE As this is the fifth occasion on which we confer in annual meeting, it may be well to review some of the more important problems which confronted us at the inception of this Committee and to recall the manner in which we have dealt with them. The Committee, you will remember, took its rise out of the necessities of our unfortunate coreligionists in Russia and Rou- mania and the requirement that an efficient organization be instituted to undertake a coordination of the means available in this country for meeting the ever-continuing emergency in Jewry. The Committee may be regarded therefore as having developed out of the pogroms of 1905, though by the time the Committee was organized, the immediate problems arising therefrom had been met 294 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK with unusual efficiency. But those who had the larger share in organizing the relief work felt the need of instituting a permanent organization that might be at hand to deal with a similar emergency if it should ever again arise. The past five years have witnessed no wholesale pogroms, though the Czar and his ministers have devised and put in force other modes of persecution not less deadly. For the swifter method of mere murder, there has been substituted the more cruel process of physical and mental starvation, of torture and inhuman repression. The problems, therefore, of Russia and Roumania as they affect the Jews of this country have been increasing rather than diminish- ing. The Committee, at the inception of its work, was confronted with the necessity of dealing with the threatened enactment of restrictive immigration laws in our own country. Through the efforts of those favoring a liberal immigration policy, the harsh- ness of the laws proposed at the opening of the session of Congress in 1906, was mitigated, and the act of February, 1907, was put upon the statute books. Though not in any sense a restrictive measure, it raised the head-tax from two to four dollars, and re- tained the exclusion clauses of the previous act. Its most notable provision was that empowering the appointment of a Commission to investigate the whole question of immigration. This Commis- sion, whose work was concluded at the last session of the Sixty- First Congress, has now completed its report in forty bdd volumes which have not yet been published. In order that the Commission might not be led into error respecting Jewish immigration, your Committee, as soon as the Commis- sion organized, communicated with that body, requesting leave to present data that might be of use in the endeavor to reach a just and unbiased conclusion. Upon invitation of the Commission, the Committee, in cooperation with the Independent Order B'nai B'rith and the Board of Delegates of the Union of American Hebrew Con- gregations, on November 7, 1910, submitted recommendations respecting the revision of the laws and regulations, which were communicated to you in our last annual report. That the Commission considered these suggestions may be fairly inferred from the presence in the Immigration Commission's report of several of them, notably that respecting the method of appointing Boards of Special Inquiry, which have to deal with all cases of appeals from exclusion in the first instance. The published preliminary abstracts of the reports of the Immi- gration Commission evidence but slight desire to adhere to the time-honored tradition that has made this country a refuge for the oppressed of all lands. It was contended that on economic grounds the increase of our population by immigration was too rapid, and that some method of restriction should be adopted. The REPORT OF AMERICAN JEWISH COMMITTEE 295

Commission favored a reading and writing test as likely to effect most equitably the desired end. In reaching this determination, the object seems to be to decrease the immigration from Southern and Eastern Europe, which forms the bulk of our immigration. Opposition to immigration has always been against that coming in largest numbers. There was a time when the coming of the Ger- mans and of the Irish was similarly opposed. The decrease of general immigration from Germany and Ireland has changed the ideas of those who formerly regarded the immigrants from those countries as a danger to this country. The restrictionists now affect to deplore the paucity of German and Irish immigrants, and hope to stimulate their coming by excluding as many as possible of other immigrants. The real situation is that there always have been persons hostile to immigration. As times change, these shift their arguments, but do not change their position. Anti-immigration legislation is once again likely to be advocated. Already a bill has been introduced by Senator Dillingham, which contains, among other drastic provisions, one that establishes a reading and writing test. It is pleasing to note that two advocates of restrictionist legislation, namely, Mr. John L. Burnett, of Alabama, the Chairman of the House Committee on Immigration, and Mr. Everis A. Hayes, of California, another member of that Committee, have put themselves on record as favoring the exemption from proposed restrictive measures of all victims of religious and political persecution. In view of the conditions, it is requisite that all those who favor the maintenance of this country's traditions exert their influence at the proper time to oppose drastic changes in our immigration laws.

THE PASSPORT QUESTION For more than a generation after the Treaty of 1832 with Russia was made, no question arose as to its interpretation. Then came the change in Russia's policy towards her Jewish subjects. For semi-tolerance was substituted persecution soon to be followed by massacre. Almost coincident with Russia's change in her policy toward her Jewish subjects arose the refusal to vise1 the passports of American Jews. The members of this Committee are familiar with the efforts made by all our Secretaries of State to induce Russia to comply with the terms of the Treaty of 1832. You are equally familiar with the ineffectiveness of these efforts. To earnest and persistent remonstrance, Russia always replied by mere diplomatic evasions and postponements, which amount to a practical denial of redress or even of respectful consideration of the question. The plain fact is, therefore, that the situation remains just what it was forty-five years ago. 296 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

Your Executive Committee gave to this subject its most earnest consideration almost from its first meetings. Assured that no results were to be obtained from further recourse to the ordinary channels of diplomacy, it soon came to the conclusion that some other and more drastic method would have to be devised to make the Russian Government appreciate that the protests of the United States were not mere formalities. After much deliberation, it was determined to recommend to the President the abrogation of the treaties with Russia. This was a course permitted by the terms of the treaties, and was resolved upon as the most likely method of impressing upon the Russian Government that the United States is in earnest, and will no longer tolerate the continued violation of the Treaty of 1832. Accordingly, a letter was despatched to President Roosevelt on May 18, 1908, which began the attempt on the part of your Com- mittee to induce the Government to do something effective to terminate the controversy. The correspondence with Presidents Roose- velt and Taft and Secretaries Root and Knox was published in the last issue of THE AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK. In addition, conferences were had with President Roosevelt and with President Taft, notably on February 15, 1911. On this last occasion, by invitation of the President, representatives of the Union of American Hebrew Congregations, the Independent Order B'nai B'rith, and the American Jewish Committee had an extended conference with him. As all our endeavors proved futile, we reluctantly reached the conclusion that the present administration was not willing to adopt any other measure than diplomatic representation, which promised no better results in the future than had been attained by it in the past. We, therefore, felt ourselves compelled to appeal to the people of the United States. This course was not lightly undertaken, and was determined upon after most serious deliberation. Our first public appeal was made in cooperation with the Union of American Hebrew Congregations. The address delivered by Mr. Marshall at its Twenty-Second Council marked the opening of the campaign. It presented our position clearly and unmistakably, and in order that the people of the United States might be informed upon the question, nearly 35,000 copies were printed and sent to the press and the pulpit and to individuals of prominence and influence in all walks of life. This was followed by a similar distribution of a speech made in Congress by Mr. Herbert Parsons. Wide distribution also was given to an address on " The United States Passport and Russia," by Judge Rufus B. Smith, President of the Cincinnati Bar Association, and to articles which appeared in the New York Times, the Outlook, the New York Evening Post, and the New York Evening Mail. In the last-mentioned newspaper the subject was REPORT OF AMERICAN JEWISH COMMITTEE 297 treated in a series of daily articles extending over a period of more than a month. You will recall that immediately upon the convening of Congress in special session, Mr. William Sulzer, a representative from New York and Chairman of the Committee on Foreign Affairs, introduced a resolution providing for the termination of the Treaty with Russia. (See AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK 5671, p. 57.) Similar resolutions were introduced in the House hy Representa- tives William E. Calder, Francis Burton Harrison, and Henry M. Goldfogle, of New York; Alfred G. Allen, of Ohio; and Joseph W. Byrns, of Tennessee. In the Senate also the matter was the subject of a resolution introduced by Senator Culberson, of Texas, who had introduced the same resolution at the preceding session. By reason of the fact that the extra session of Congress was called to consider a specific measure, no action on these resolutions could be had. But there is every reason to expect that Mr. Sulzer, who is Chairman of the Committtee on Foreign Affairs, and the other representatives who have introduced resolutions, together with Senator Culberson, will energetically advocate the resolutions to abrogate the treaty at the session about to convene. We have also received assurances that ample opportunity will be given to us to appear before both the House and Senate Committees in advocacy of these resolutions when they receive consideration. That the people of the United States are beginning to awaken to the importance of the question is evidenced by the passage in the Legislatures of fifteen States of resolutions on the subject. Ten State Legislatures, namely, of California, Colorado, Connecticut, Florida, Georgia, Illinois, Montana, Nevada, New York, and Wash- ington, have gone on record as unqualifiedly in favor of the termination of the Treaty of 1832. Many great newspapers and numerous organizations of the country have stoutly advocated and defended this course. At a clerical conference held under the auspices of the New York Federation of Churches, October 30, 1911, the following resolution was passed: WHEREAS, It is and always has been the fundamental principle of this Government that the rights of its citizens shall not be Impaired at home or abroad on account of religious belief; and WHEEEAS, Under the treaty between the United States and Russia nego- tiated in 1832, Russia claims the right to and does discriminate between American citizens on the ground of religious belief, and, as a consequence, several classes of American citizens, notably ministers of various denominations, and especially Jews are excluded from Russia, and American citizens of the Jewish faith are subject to the same class restrictions as the Govern- ment imposes upon its own inhabitants of the Jewish faith, all of which is contrary to the plain wording and meaning of such treaty ; Therefore, this assembly urgently requests the President to terminate said treaty at the earliest possible time, so that Russia may know that a 298 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK discrimination against any part of our people on religious grounds is contrary to the fundamental principles of our Government, and that we cannot admit such a discrimination without being false to American citizenship, which covers the Jew as sacredly as it does the Christian. A National Citizens' Committee with headquarters at New York has been formed under the presidency of Andrew D. White, formerly Minister to Russia, with William G. McAdoo as Chairman of the Executive Committee, and Henry Green as Managing Director, and having a membership composed of distinguished men throughout the country, to protest against Russia's violation of the treaty and to endeavor to terminate the intolerable conditions arising therefrom. But your Committee feels that much more publicity is required, and to further this end, we are making a wide distribution of a reprint of the article in the YEAR BOOK, and of other special articles on the subject. The Jews of the United States are warranted in assuming that the only likelihood of a redress of their grievances is through an appeal to the intelligence, the patriotism, and the sense of justice of the American people. It behooves every member of the Ameri- can Jewish Committee to use his best endeavors to bring about the passage of the resolutions now pending in the House and Senate. In every Congressional District representations should be made to the representative in Congress before he leaves his home; in every State, the Senators should be waited on. Such conferences of the people's representatives with their constituents must be productive of much good. They give opportunities to explain matters which in the hurrry of business at Washington might be overlooked, and, in any event, personal conferences leave a more vivid impression than mere writings, which are liable to be buried in the mass of mail matter received by our Congressmen. The helpful cooperation with other organizations in the past convinces us that the activity of others, in any manner they may deem best, will promote the end we have in view. All bodies and persons who feel an interest in the subject should be energetically engaged in making their sentiments known to their Senators and Representatives. If the policy of the public presentation of this grievance be steadfastly carried out, there is every reason to hope that the wrong which we have so long suffered may be righted. NOTE.—The success attending the movement to terminate the treaty with Russia is briefly recorded on pp. 196-210.

JEWISH COMMUNITY OF NEW YOEK CITY The Jewish Community of New York City, the Executive Com- mittee of which forms the membership of the American Jewish Committee from District XII, submits the following report: REPORT OF AMERICAN JEWISH COMMITTEE 299

NEW YORK, November 10, 1911. To the Executive Committee of the American Jewish Committee: GENTLEMEN.—On the occasion of your Fourth Annual Meeting held on November 12 of last year, we had the honor of presenting to you a brief summary of some of the activities of our organization. Since then the Second Annual Convention of the Jewish Community [Kehillah] of New York City was held on February 26, and our Executive Committee then reported at length regarding the work of our body to the delegates of our constituent organizations assembled. Copies of the reports presented at this Convention were sent to all the members of the American Jewish Committee. Following this Convention, most of the activities reported on were continued by our organization, and some of the plans then presented were brought nearer to realization. We beg herewith to supplement in brief the reports which we sent to the members through the mails. Religious Organization.—The Vaad Horabbonim, or Board of Rabbis, is now made up of twenty-five of the leading authoritative Rabbis of New York City. A compcehensive plan for the proper regulation of Kashruth and the elimination of the abuses which now beset us is being worked out. As one of the preliminary steps in the direction of the proper regulation of Kashruth, we have made an investigation of all the Jewish butchers of New York City, and it is expected that most of these will join the various Boards of Kashruth to be formed in different districts of the city, which are to be under the supervision of our Vaad Horabbonim. The Board of Rabbis appoints for every month a different Vaad Habo- rarim, or Committee on Conciliation. Before these committees, many matters of dispute in Jewish Societies and Congregations, which otherwise would have been brought into court, are taken up for consideration and often satisfactorily settled. We have continued to combat the evil of mushroom synagogues and the holding of religious services in unseemly places. During the last high holidays provisional synagogues under the auspices of the Kehillah were conducted. We also distributed among needy persons tickets for seats, which we purchased from regularly constituted synagogues. We also made a successful beginning in holding religious services for tbje children of the crowded districts of the city, and seven synagogues for children were conducted during the high holidays in the auditoriums and meeting-rooms of different Jewish institutions of the city. We have also dealt with the question of Sabbath observance, but so far have only succeeded in arousing some Interest in behalf of those Jews who observe the Jewish Sabbath and who wish to work or open their places of business on Sunday. Education.—In our last report to the American Jewish Committee, we outlined, In brief, the purposes of the Bureau of Jewish Education of the Kehillah, which was then organized. This year's work in the Bureau of Education has been a record year. The success that the Bureau has met with has, of course, partly been due to the fact that there has been for years a crying need for such work. It will be impossible to give more than a mere outline of what the Bureau has been trying to do during the previous year. The Bureau made a careful study of the most important Jewish religious schools of New York, both from their financial and their educational aspects. The financial report has been issued under the title, " A Survey of the Financial Status of the Jewish Religious Schools of New York," and the results of the educational study will appear in a publication which is now 300 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK in press, under the name " A Brief Report of the Thirty-One Conferences Held by the Talmud Torah Principals' Association of New York in Con- junction with the Bureau of Education." These publications are to be sent to the members of the American Jewish Committee. But the Bureau did not stop at mere study of the situation. It took immediate steps looking to the systematlzation and standardization of Jewish religious education in New York. The first step we took in that direction was to obtain a Text Book Fund in order to produce a uniform series of text books and literature for the various schools. A loan of ten thousand dollars ($10,000), known as the Text Book Fund, was obtained. But by means of text books alone the standardization could not be brought about. The various schools must have a sound financial basis and a good staff of teachers and the proper school organization to produce the desired results. The Bureau, therefore, has been making- efforts to obtain a large Jewish Education Fund, calculated to bring in, from subscriptions, about three hundred thousand dollars ($300,000) per annum by the end of ten years. In drder to start the work on a large scale at once, the sum of fifty thousand dollars ($50,000) per annum was needed. This sum is now practically assured. In addition to the attempt to standardize whatever existing schools are ripe for standardization, and to help establish new schools particularly in sections where there are none, the Bureau has established a Board of License consisting of five examiners, representing the various educational institutions of New York cooperating with the Bureau, for the purpose of issuing temporary teachers' certificates or permanent licenses to those teachers qualified for the work. The work of this License Board gives promise of a better future for Jewish education in New York City. In connection with our educational work, we have considered further the matter of giving public lectures, and have corresponded with Jewish students of the colleges and universities of this city, and have helped in the establishment of special educational classes for the Turkish Jews, who form quite a colony on the lower East Side, and who, not knowing either Yiddish or English, could not avail themselves of existing agencies for Americani- zation. Social and Philanthropic Work.—The Kehillah took action with regard to the catastrophe of the Washington Place fire, in which many Jewish lives were lost. We have considered further the matter of the social evil, and have taken steps to cooperate with all existing agencies to combat this evil. We have been instrumental in having a number of indigent Jewish children transferred from non-Jewish to Jewish institutions. The matter of the treatment of Jews in non-Jewish hospitals having been called to tour attention, we have made an investigation of the complaints, and have also looked into the question of securing better chaplain attendance and services for Jews in city and State institutions. The problem of delinquent Jewish girls formed the subject of some correspondence with the Jewish Protectory and with other Jewish bodies. Our Employment Bureau for Handicapped Jews has continued to carry on its good work in cooperation with the United Hebrew Charities and the Jewish Protectory and Prisoners' Aid Society. We have cooperated with the Committee which is endeavoring to extend the work for Jewish deaf mutes. At the suggestion of your Committee, we have taken steps to encourage naturalization on the part of our immigrant brethren. A tentative plan has REPORT OF AMERICAN JEWISH COMMITTEE 3Q1 already been formulated, but in this, as well as in the carrying out of some of our other plans, we are hampered by lack of funds. To attract greater attention to the work of the different Jewish organizations and philanthropic institutions of this city, and to fill the want for a comprehensive and classified list of all the congregations, societies, and lodges, and the various social agencies of our population, we are now engaged in preparing a Jewish Communal Directory, which will be Issued the first of next year. This is, in brief, a summary of the leading activities that have engaged our attention since our Convention in February last. We have, in addition, been called upon to take part in various activities concerning the Jewish population, and have rendered assistance in arranging numerous difficulties which have arisen. We are a sort of clearing house, directing many Jews to Jewish institutions of whose existence they do not know. I have the honor to remain, Tours respectfully, (Signed) J. L. MAGNES, Chairman, Executive Committee.

JEWISH COMMUNITY OF PHILADELPHIA The Jewish Community of Philadelphia was established on June 10,1911, and held its first Convention on November 5,1911. By its Constitution, as in the case of the New York Jewish Community, provision is made for its affiliation with the American Jewish Com- mittee. That provision is as follows: ARTICLE VIII. RELATION TO THE AMERICAN JEWISH COMMITTEE 1. The representatives of the American Jewish Committee from the city of Philadelphia shall be elected by the Executive Council of the Community from among the delegates, in such numbers, and at such times as shall be provided by the By-Laws of the American Jewish Committee. 2. The American Jewish Committee shall have exclusive jurisdiction over all questions affecting the Jews generally, not of purely local character. 3. The Jewish Community of Philadelphia shall have jurisdiction over all questions of a local character, or which shall specifically affect the Phila- delphia Community. 4. Any person, who shall have been elected a member of the American Jewish Committee, shall continue to complete his term of office in that Committee, notwithstanding the fact that he may not have been reelected a delegate. It is submitted to you for such action as may be deemed requisite.

AMERICAN JEWISH TEAB BOOK Since 1909, the American Jewish Committee has cooperated with the Jewish Publication Society of America in the preparation of the AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK. The manuscript for the volume has been prepared in the office of the Committee, and the Com- mittee has paid the cost of publication in excess of $1500. In view of the fact that the growth of the Publication Society increased the cost of the YEAR BOOK and, consequently, the annual subvention of 302 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK the Committee, a new arrangement has this year been entered into with the Publication Society. Under its terms, the Committee agrees to pay $1000 annually toward the cost of publication, in consideration of which 500 copies of each issue are placed at its disposal. The Publication Society is to continue to publish the work as heretofore. In the current issue, as you are by this time aware, the leading article deals with the Passport Question. It is a re'sume' of the early history of the controversy and contains a full account of the correspondence of this Committee with the Presidents and Secre- taries of State, most of it now made public for the first time. With each edition of the YEAR BOOK such changes are made in its contents and arrangement as experience proves advisable. This year, two of the lists, those of American Jewish Bibliography and of Articles of Jewish Interest, have been omitted, as it has been found impracticable to make them even approximately complete, and their inclusion would have extended the YEAR BOOK to undue length. With only these omissions, the usual lists and tables have been continued which are of value to all those interested in the communal and religious life of our people. The YEAR BOOK is especially valuable to this Committee, as it contains in permanent form the annual reports of the Committee.

PRESS REPORTS OF RUSSIAN AFFAIRS On numerous occasions during recent years, attention has been drawn to the inadequacy of the news respecting Russian affairs in the columns of the daily papers. Important occurrences especially affecting the Jews of Russia have often been ignored, or, if reported at all, have omitted salient facts. On the other hand, the Russian Government has had little difficulty in having its own version of events reported and given wide publicity. Those who read the Jewish papers published in Europe, notably the London Jewish Chronicle, have been aware for a long period that no adequate accounts of the fiendish persecutions to which our coreligionists in Russia are subjected ever reach the columns of the American papers. We have endeavored from time to time to effect a change in this condition of affairs, and it is believed that as a result of these efforts some improvement in the Russian service may be antici- pated. The members of this Committee are in position to assist in bringing about the desired results, if they will, whenever the opportunity arises, confer with the editors of the newspapers in their cities, and request that a more adequate treatment be accorded a subject in which the Jews of this country are so vitally interested. At the present time steps are being taken to secure news from Russian newspapers covering a certain period of time for compari- REPORT OF AMERICAN JEWISH COMMITTEE 303 son with the despatches appearing in the American press, in order that the shortcomings of the latter's Russian service may be further demonstrated.

INCORPORATION It was considered advisable by your Executive Committee to incorporate the American Jewish Committee, and steps were taken to secure a charter from the Legislature of the State of New York. The act of incorporation of 1911 is published in the current issue of the AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK. At the meeting of the Executive Committee held on March 19, 1911, in accordance with Section 3 of the Charter, the members of the Executive Committee were divided by lot into three classes as follows: I. To serve until January 1, 1912. Mayer Sulzberger. Isaac W. Bernheim. Samuel Dorf. Julius Rosenwald. Cyrus L. Sulzberger. II. To serve until January 1, 1913. Julian W. Mack. Cyrus Adler. J. L. Magnes. Jacob H. Schiff. A. Leo Weil. III. To serve until January 1, 1914. Jacob H. Hollander. Harry Cutler. Louis Marshall. Isador Sobel. The incorporation of the Committee necessitated certain amendments to the By-Laws, which will be presented. The Executive Committee recommends in addition a further amendment whereby the process of enlarging the constituency of this Committee, which has been steadily increasing since its inception, will be still further developed. It is recommended that the following be incorporated in the By-Laws: The Executive Committee is authorized to Invite the National Jewish Fraternal Congress, representing thirteen Jewish Fraternal Orders, to elect three of its members to be members at large in the American Jewish Committee, and the following organizations, to elect one representative each to be members at large in the American Jewish Committee: The Inde- pendent Order B'nai B'rith, the Board of Delegates of the Union of Amerl- 20 304 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

can Hebrew Congregations, the Union of American Hebrew Congregations, the Union of Orthodox Congregations, the Central Conference of American Rabbis, the Union of Orthodox Rabbis, the National Conference of Jewish Charities, and the Federation of American Zionists. In order to provide for the new members at large to be elected, the Executive Committee recommends that the By-Laws be amended to provide for twenty members at large instead of ten.

FINANCES The contributions for the support of the Committee during the past year, while considerably below the quotas assigned to the several districts, have nevertheless enabled the Committee to carry on its work, by the practice of rigid economy. The quotas assigned are as follows: District Quota District Quota I $200 VII $1300 II 200 VIII 500 III 200 IX 1200 IV 200 X 300 V 200 XI 500 VI 200 XII 5000 XIII 500 Total, $10,500. Owing to the confidential character of the work of the Committee, especially with respect to the Passport Question, it has not hitherto been possible to acquaint the public fully with the nature of the work we have engaged in. Accordingly, it was not thought advisable to make an appeal for contributions to any large number of persons. But the change of policy determined on with respect to the Passport Question, removing it from the realm of diplomatic correspondence to that of public discussion, has enabled your Committee to make an experiment in appealing to Jews all over the United States for support. Our first attempt was made by circularizing the members of the Jewish Publication Society of America, asking them to become annual contributors at one dollar each. The results have been fairly satisfactory, as, out of a membership of the Publication Society of between 7000 and 7500, 1007 persons responded by contributing $1340.40. We have thus established a large contributing annual membership throughout the country. A number of persons have generously contributed considerable sums in excess of the amount asked for. In view of the results attained, it may be well to consider the advisability of extending our efforts to persons other than the members of the Publication Society, to aid in procuring the amount requisite to carry on the work of the Committee during the ensuing year. REPORT OF AMERICAN JEWISH COMMITTEE 3Q5

RUSSIA The cruel treatment accorded our brethren in Russia by the Government shows no diminution in its intensity. Though the spirit of liberalism, upon which such high hopes were based, can never be entirely crushed out, it has made little effective progress in past years. Under Stolypin the triumph of the methods of reaction and repression was complete. As a consequence, the course of events affecting our coreligionists in Russia is a weary and heartrending chronicle of the breaking up of homes by expulsion from towns in which they have lived often for decades, of their deprivation of the means of livelihood, of the imposition of galling restrictions upon all means of education, and of ceaseless interference with the conduct of their own communal affairs. Students, professional men, artisans, merchants, all were made to feel the heavy hand of Stolypin. Reactionary Governors and administrative officials have seized upon the slight- est pretexts for depriving the Jews of the few rights left to them. The fiendish " Black Hundreds " carry on campaigns of terrorism and annihilation throughout the provinces, unrestrained by any governmental agencies or any regard for law or decency of conduct. All over the Empire, from the Baltic to the Caucasus, in Siberia and in Central Asia, cruel and relentless officials are expelling Jews who settled outside the Pale during the years when the laws were not so strictly enforced. These unfortunates, leaving behind them the little property they had been able to amass, have no other recourse than to flock to the congested towns in the Pale, where the pressure has already reached a point beyond human power to bear. Some understanding of the magnitude and intensity of the relentless persecution may be gathered by a perusal of the pages of the YEAR BOOK devoted to Russian affairs. The barest recital of events fills more than thirty pages, every one of which contains item after item of expulsion, of persecution, of restriction, and of repression. This melancholy record can be read only with feelings of horror and dismay at the ultimate effect of such inhuman.and incessant hounding upon a helpless population. A ray of hopeful light was momentarily cast upon this dark picture when, in February last, 166 members of the Duma joined in the introduction of a bill abolishing the Pale. But these liberal- minded men were only a handful, and could not prevail against Stolypin, whose mandate controlled the subservient majority. No result has therefore been attained, and the only apparent effects have been an increase in the passionate outbursts of anti-Jewish invective and a strengthening of the forces of persecution. JEWS OF TRIPOLI In March, 1911, reports appeared in the American press to the effect that the Jews of Tripoli were suffering from famine and cholera, and were urgently in need of assistance. A request sent 306 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK to the Alliance Israelite Universelle for information as to this report brought forth the reply that the matter was receiving attention, and the necessary funds were being provided by the Alliance and other organizations of Europe.

JEWS OF GALICIA In February, 1911, your Committee received an invitation from the Jewish Colonization Association (ICA), to send a delegate to a convention of representatives of Jewish organizations. At a preliminary meeting which had been held at Vienna on October 31, 1910, the ICA had determined to endeavor to organize an association for the amelioration of the spiritual and economic condition of the Galician Jews, whose situation during recent years has become more than ever distressful. At its meeting on February 19, your Committee determined that by reason of the great distance which separates us from the seat of the work, and the large and important problems constantly pressing upon the Jews of the United States, it was not feasible for us to be represented by a delegate in the new organization, and this determination was communicated to the ICA.

WASHINGTON OFFICE The Washington office has been continued, and has, as heretofore, proved of great usefulness in keeping your Committee informed of affairs in Washington.

INFORMATION AND STATISTICS Besides the preparation of the manuscript for the AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK, the routine work of the office of the Committee has, as heretofore, consisted in the gathering, indexing, and filing of articles and a few books of interest to Jews. During the year, 2479 articles were indexed, for which 3552 cards were written. This brines the total of articles on file up to 10,627, and of index cards to 15,194. This collection has again demonstrated its usefulness during the discussion of the passport and immigration questions.

DEATH OF SAMUEL WOOLNEB Your Committee reports with sorrow the death on January 14, 1911, of Samuel Woolner, a member from District VII. Mr. Wool- ner was a member of the Committee from the date of its organization and cooperated with zeal in furthering its work upon all occasions when called upon to render service. Appropriate messages of condolence were sent to his family at the time of his death. REPORT OP AMERICAN JEWISH COMMITTEE 307

VACANCIES The terms of the following members expire this year: District I, Ceasar Cone, Greensboro. District III, Isaac H. Kempner, Galveston. District IV, David S. Lehman, Denver. District V, Max C. Sloss, San Francisco. District VII, Samuel Woolner, Peoria (deceased). District VIII, J. Walter Freiberg, Cincinnati. District IX, Isador Sobel, Erie. District XI, Isaac M. Ullman, New Haven, and Harry Cutler, Providence. District XIII, Simon W. Rosendale, Albany. Members at Large (elected for one year only): Nathan Bijur and Isidor Straus, New York.

MEETINGS Meetings of your Committee have been held on February 19, March 19, April 23, and November 11,1911. Respectfully submitted, THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE.

ACTION ON THE REPORT, ETC. Upon motion, it was resolved that the report of the Executive Committee be received, and that its recommendations be considered seriatim. Upon motion of Mr. Marshall, it was resolved that the Charter of the American Jewish Committee, embodied in Chapter 16 of the laws of 1911, of the State of New York, be and the same is hereby accepted by the American Jewish Committee, and that the action of the Executive Committee, which had accepted the Charter, be ratified and confirmed. Upon motion of Mr. Marshall, it was resolved that the changes in the By-Laws of the American Jewish Committee made necessary by the adoption of the Charter, which have been proposed by the Executive Committee, be and the same are hereby ratified and adopted by the American Jewish Committee. Upon motion, it was resolved that Article VIII of the Constitu- tion of the Jewish Community of Philadelphia, setting forth the relation between that organization and the American Jewish Com- mittee, be ratified by the American Jewish Committee. It was further resolved that the State of Pennsylvania, now constituting District IX Of the American Jewish Committee, be divided into two districts, namely, District IX, to include the City of Phila- delphia, to be entitled to six members in the American Jewish Committee; and District XIV, to include the State of Pennsyl- 308 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK vania, outside of the City of Philadelphia, and the State of New Jersey, and to be entitled to two members in the American Jewish Committee. It was further resolved that the amendments to the By-Laws, proposed by the Executive Committee, providing for representation on the Committee of delegates from national Jewish organizations, as members at large, and increasing the number of members at large from ten to twenty, be adopted. Discussion on the Passport Question followed. Judge Sulzberger stated that a delegation of Jewish citizens of Philadelphia had called upon Senator Boies Penrose, of Pennsylvania, and had made representations to him on the subject, and had secured his promise of hearty cooperation. Senator Lodge, of Massachusetts, had also been approached in a similar manner. Mr. Marshall announced that a delegation of New York citizens would call on Senators Root and O'Gorman on November 17, 1911. Ways and means were determined upon to further the plans of bringing about the termination of the Russian Treaty. The Committee on Nominations made the following report:

OFFICERS President Mayer Sulzberger Vice-Presidents ! Julian W> Mack TreasureVice-Fresiaentr s .' j JacoIsaabc RW . Hol]andeBernheirra For members of the Executive Committee for three years from January 1,1912: Isaac W. Bernheim Julius Rosenwald Samuel Dorf Cyrus L. Sulzberger Mayer Sulzberger To fill vacancies and expired terms: District I, Ceasar Cone, Greensboro. District III, Isaac H. Kempner, Galveston. District IV, David S. Lehman, Denver. District V, Max C. Sloss, San Francisco. District VII, W. B. Woolner, Peoria. District VIII, J. Walter Freiberg, Cincinnati. District IX, Isador Sobel, Erie. District XI, Isaac M. Ullman, New Haven, and Harry Cutler, Providence. District XIII, Simon W. Rosendale, Albany. Upon nomination of the Executive Committee, Messrs. Nathan Bijur and Isidor Straus were elected members at large for one year. There being no other nominations, upon motion the Secretary was requested to cast one ballot for the nominees of the Committee on Nominations. REPORT OF AMERICAN JEWISH COMMITTEE 3Q9

Upon motion of Mr. Weil, it was resolved that the Executive Committee redistrict the American Jewish Committee so as to give each State of the United States at least one representative, that no State of the Union shall he unrepresented, and that the total number of additional members shall not exceed fifty. Upon motion of Mr. Weil, it was resolved that the Executive Committee be instructed to prepare a list of prominent Jews throughout the country, and that they apportion the men on the list into respective groups, and invite the several groups to contribute varying amounts annually to the American Jewish Com- mittee. Dr. Neumann moved as an amendment to this motion that there shall be one class, the members of which shall contribute one dollar annually. The motion and amendment were carried. Dr. Magnes pointed out the advantage of a better knowledge on the part of European Jews of the affairs of American Jewry, and suggested that the American Jewish Committee take under ad- visement the subventioning of a publication in the Hebrew language, in which full information of Jewish activities in this country may be given. After discussion, it was resolved that this matter be referred to the Executive Committee for consideration. Upon motion, adjourned.

ACT OP INCORPORATION LAWS OF NEW YORK.—By Authority Chapter 16 AN ACT to incorporate the American Jewish Committee Became a law March 16, 1911, with the approval of the Governor. Passed, three-fifths being present. • The People of the State of New York, represented in Senate and Assembly, do enact as follows: Section 1. Mayer Sulzberger, Julian W. Mack, Jacob H. Hol- lander, Julius Rosenwald, Cyrus Adler, Harry Cutler, Samuel Dorf, Judah L. Magnes, Jacob H. Schiff, Isador Sobel, Cyrus L. Sulzberger, A. Leo Weil, and Louis Marshall, and their associates and successors, are hereby constituted a body corporate, in per- petuity, under the name of the American Jewish Committee; and by that name shall possess all of the powers which by the general corporation law are conferred upon corporations, and shall be capable of taking, holding and acquiring, by deed, gift, purchase, bequest, devise, or by judicial order or decree, any estate, real or personal, in trust or otherwise, which shall be necessary 310 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK or useful for the uses and purposes of the corporation, to the amount of three millions of dollars. Sec. 2. The objects of this corporation shall be, to prevent the infraction of the civil and religious rights of Jews, in any part of the world; to render all lawful assistance and to take appropriate remedial action in the event of threatened or actual invasion or restriction of such rights, or of unfavorable discrimination with respect thereto; to secure for Jews equality of economic, social and educational opportunity; to alleviate the consequences of persecution and to afford relief from calamities affecting Jews, wherever they may occur; and to compass these ends to administer any relief fund which shall come into its possession or which may be received by it, in trust or otherwise, for any of the aforesaid objects or for purposes comprehended therein. Sec. 3. The business and affairs of said corporation shall be conducted by a board of not less than thirteen or more than twenty-one, to be known as the executive committee, and the persons named in the first section of this act as incorporators, shall constitute the first executive committee of said corporation. At the first meeting of said executive committee held after the passage of this act, the members thereof shall be divided into three classes, the first of which shall hold office until January first, nineteen hundred and twelve, the second for one year thereafter, and the third for two years thereafter, and such members of said executive committee as may be thereafter added to said committee shall in like manner be apportioned to said three classes. At the expiration of the term of any member of the executive committee his successor shall be elected for the term of three years. All vacancies which may occur in said committee shall be filled until the ensuing election by said committee. An annual election for the members of said executive committee shall be held at such time and in such manner as shall be fixed by the by-laws to be adopted by said executive committee. At all meetings of the executive committee one-third of said committee shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business, but no by- law shall be adopted, amended or repealed without the presence of a majority of the members of said committee for the time being; provided, however, that the by-laws with respect to membership in the corporation shall not be altered, revised or amended except as provided in section four of this act. Sec. 4. The members of said corporation shall consist of the persons who shall be designated and chosen for membership by such method or methods and by such organizations, societies and nominating bodies as shall be provided in by-laws to be adopted for that purpose by the executive committee, such by-laws being however, subject to alteration, revision or amendment at any regular meeting of the members of the corporation or at a meeting REPORT OF AMERICAN JEWISH COMMITTEE 3H called for such purpose; provided that thirty days notice be given of the proposed change and that such alteration, revision or amendment shall be carried by a majority of at least twenty votes; and not otherwise. Sec. 5. This act shall take effect immediately. BY-LAWS Revised November 11, 1911 I. DISTRICT REPRESENTATION The members of the Corporation, who for purposes of convenience shall be known as the General Committee, shall be chosen in the manner hereinafter provided from the several districts hereinafter enumerated and described as follows: I. North Carolina, South Carolina, Georgia, Florida. 2 members. II. Tennessee, Alabama, Mississippi. 2 members. III. Louisiana, Texas, Arizona, New Mexico. 2 members. IV. Arkansas, Missouri, Kansas, Colorado. 3 members. V. California, Washington, Oregon, Utah, Idaho, Nevada. 3 members. VI. Minnesota, Iowa, Wisconsin, Montana, Wyoming, North Dakota, South Dakota, Nebraska, Michigan. 4 members. VII. Illinois. 7 members. VIII. Indiana, Kentucky, Ohio, West Virginia. 5 members. IX. City of Philadelphia, New Jersey. 6 members. X. Maryland, Virginia, Delaware, District of Columbia. 3 members. XI. Maine, New Hampshire, Vermont, Massachusetts, Connecti- cut, Rhode Island. 3 members. XII. New York City. 25 members. XIII. New York, exclusive of the city. 2 members. XIV. Pennsylvania, exclusive of Philadelphia. 3 members.

II. MEMBERS OF THE GENERAL COMMITTEE. The General Committee, excepting members at large, shall be divided into five groups by lot, which groups shall hold office for one, two, three, four, and five years respectively, their successors to serve five years. In District XII, the members of the Executive Committee of the Jewish Community of New York City, not more than 25 in number, shall constitute the members of the Committee from that District. In District IX, the members of the Committee, not more than six in number, shall be elected by the Executive Council of the Jewish Community of Philadelphia. Members whose terms expire shall be succeeded by residents of the same district, and shall be elected by the Advisory Councils of the respective districts, or by such method as may hereafter be adopted by the Committee. 312 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

Elections by the Advisory Councils shall be held on or before October 1 of each year, and the Secretary of the Committee shall be notified of the results on or before October 15 of each year. At the annual meeting, upon nomination by the Executive Com- mittee, members at large, not exceeding twenty in number, may be elected, who shall serve for one year, provided that not more than five shall be elected from any one district. The Executive Committee is authorized to invite the National Jewish Fraternal Congress, representing thirteen Jewish fraternal orders, to elect three of its members to be members at large in the American Jewish Committee, and the following organizations to elect one representative each to be members at large in the Amer- ican Jewish Committee: The Independent Order B'nai B'rith, the Board of Delegates of the Union of American Hebrew Congrega- tions, the Union of American Hebrew Congregations, the Union of Orthodox Congregations, the Central Conference of American Rabbis, the Union of Orthodox Rabbis, the National Conference of Jewish Charities, and the Federation of American Zionists.

III. OFFICERS The officers of the General Committee shall be a President, two Vice-Presidents and a Treasurer, selected from among the members, and a Secretary who need not be a member of the General Com- mittee, and who shall be elected by the Executive Committee, unless otherwise ordered. The officers shall serve for one year or until their successors are elected.

IV. EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE The General Committee shall elect not less than nine nor more than seventeen members who together with the four officers, to wit, the President, Vice-Presidents and Treasurer, shall constitute the Executive Committee, one-third of the membership of which shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business. The Executive Committee shall, whenever it shall deem it advisable, report its proceedings or such part thereof as it shall determine to the members of the General Committee by mail, and shall render a complete report of all matters considered and acted upon, at the annual meeting of the committee. Special Committees may be designated by the Executive Committee from the body of the General Committee, which Special Committees shall report to the Executive Committee from time to time.

V. MEETINGS A stated meeting of the General Committee shall be held annually on the second Sunday in November at the City of New York, unless the Executive Committee in their discretion determine otherwise. Special meetings shall be called upon the written request of twenty- five members of the General Committee or may be called by the REPORT OF AMERICAN JEWISH COMMITTEE 313

Executive Committee of its own motion. Twenty-one members shall constitute a quorum of the General Committee. Regular meetings of the Executive Committee shall be held at least once every three months. Special meetings of the Executive Committee may be held at the instance of the chairman or at the request of three members of that committee. Notice of special meetings of the General Committee or of the Executive Committee shall be given by mail or telegraph to the members, stating as nearly as possible, within the discretion of the Executive Committee, the purpose for which the meeting is called.

VI. VACANCIES Vacancies caused by death, disability or resignation, shall be filled by the Advisory Council or other elective body of the district in which the vacancy occurs. Upon the occurrence of a vacancy the Secretary shall notify the secretary of the district in which the vacancy exists, and an election shall be held by the Advisory Council or other elective body of such district, within one month from the time of receiving such notification, and the Secretary shall be promptly notified of the result. In default of action by the Advisory Councils, or other elective bodies, vacancies in the General Committee may be filled at the annual meeting. VII. OFFICES AND AGENCIES The principal office of the General Committee shall be established in the City of New York, and other offices and agencies may be established outside of New York as the General Committee or the Executive Committee may from time to time deem necessary.

AMENDMENTS These By-Laws, except as limited by the Charter, shall be subject to alteration, revision or amendment at any regular meeting of the General Committee or at a meeting thereof called for such purpose, provided that thirty days notice be given of the proposed change, and that the motion for amendment be carried by a majority of at least 20 votes. ADVISORY COUNCIL I. GENERAL POWEES 1. There shall be organized in each district, in the manner hereinafter provided, an Advisory Council for the following purposes: 2. To take such action as shall from time to time be expressly delegated to it by the General or Executive Committees. 3. To report promptly to the General or Executive Committees with respect to any subject that shall be referred to it for information or investigation. 314 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

4. To consider such matters of Jewish interest as shall be brought to its attention through any agency, and to make such recommendations thereon to the General or Executive Committees as shall be deemed advisable, but in no case to initiate, authorize or take any action except as specially thereunto delegated as hereinbefore provided. II. MEMBERSHIP 1. On or before October 1,1907, the members of the General Com- mittee from each district shall nominate to the Executive Com- mittee ten Jewish residents of such district for every member of the General Committee allotted to said district, and upon confirma- tion of such nominations by the Executive Committee, the persons so approved, together with the members of the General Committee from said district, shall constitute the Advisory Council thereof. Should the Executive Committee reject any nominee, new nominations shall be submitted for approval until the membership of the Advisory Council shall be complete. The General Committee or the Executive Committee may, by resolution adopted at any meeting, authorize an increase of the membership of the Advisory Council of any district, in which case the additional members shall be chosen in the manner hereinbefore provided, or their election or appointment by such Advisory Council may be authorized. 2. Upon receiving notice of their selection members of the Ad- visory Council of each district shall organize in the manner designated by the members of the General Committee of each district. Each Council shall elect a chairman and such other officers as shall be deemed necessary. The members of said Council other than those who are members of the General Committee shall be allotted by the Secretary into five groups, who shall hold office for one, two, three, four and five years respectively, and thereafter elections shall be held annually by the members of the Council to choose successors to those whose terms shall have expired, for a term of five years. Meetings of each Council shall be held from time to time as it shall by rule provide. 3. All vacancies occurring in the membership of the Advisory Council subsequent to the formation of the original Advisory Council of each district, shall be filled by election by the Advisory Council of each district.

III. ELECTION OF MEMBERS OF GENERAX COMMITTEE Vacancies in the General Committee shall be filled by the Ad- visory Councils of the respective districts.

IV. EXPENSES The expenses of administration of each Advisory Council shall be borne by its district. REPORT

OF THE

TWENTY-FOURTH YEAR

THE JEWISH PUBLICATION SOCIETY OF AMERICA 1911-1912

JEWISH PUBLICATION SOCIETY 317

THE JEWISH PUBLICATION SOCIETY OF AMEEICA OFFICERS PRESIDENT EDWIN WOLF, Philadelphia

FIRST VICE-PRESIDENT DR. HENRY M. LEIPZIGER, New York

SECOND VICE-PRESIDENT SIMON MILLER, Philadelphia TREASURER HENRY FERNBERGER, Philadelphia SECRETARY DR. LEWIS W. STEINBACH, Philadelphia ASSISTANT SECRETARY I. GEORGE DOBSEVAGE, New York

SECRETARY TO THE PUBLICATION COMMITTEE HENRIETTA SZOLD, New York TRUSTEES DR. CYRUS ADLER 2 Philadelphia CHARLES EISEMAN * Cleveland HENRY FERNBERGER 3 Philadelphia 1 EDWIN A. FLEISHER Philadelphia 1 DANIEL GUGGENHEIM New York 3 JOSEPH H. HAGEDORN Philadelphia 1 EPHRAIM LEDERER Philadelphia 2 DR. HENRY M. LEIPZIGER New York SIMON MILLER * Philadelphia 2 MORRIS NEWBURGER New York 2 JULIUS ROSENWALD Chicago SIGMUND B. SONNEBOKX 1 Baltimore HORACE STERN * Philadelphia SAMUEL STRAUSS * New York 1 Term expires in 1913. 2 Term expires In 1914. » Term expires in 1915. 3 318 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

3 SELIGMAN J. STRAUSS Wilkes-Barre, Pa. CYRUS L. SULZBERGER3 New York HON. MAYER SULZBEEGER a Philadelphia A. LEO WEIL " Pittsburg 1 HARRIS WEINSTOCK Sacramento EDWIN WOLF 2 Philadelphia

HONORARY VICE-PRESIDENTS 8 ISAAC W. BERNHEIM Louisville REV. DR. HENRY COHEN 2 Galveston 2 Louis K. GUTMAN Baltimore REV. DR. MAX HELLER l New Orleans 1 Miss ELLA JACOBS Philadelphia HON. JULIAN W. MACK S Washington REV. DR. MARTIN A. MEYER * San Francisco HON. SIMON W. ROSENDALE X Albany, N. Y MURRAY SEASONGOOD ' Cincinnati HON. M. C. SLOSS 2 San Francisco REV. DR. JOSEPH STOLZ 1 Chicago HON. SIMON WOLF8 Washington, D. C.

PUBLICATION COMMITTEE HON. MAYER SULZBERGER, Chairman Philadelphia DB. CYRUS ADLER Philadelphia REV. DR. HENRY BERKOWITZ Philadelphia DR. S. SOLIS COHEN Philadelphia DR. HERBERT FRIEDENWALD New York DR. ISRAEL FRIEDLAENDER New York FELIX N. GERSON Philadelphia REV. DR. MAX HELLER New Orleans DR. JACOB H. HOLLANDER Baltimore DR. JOSEPH JACOBS New York REV. DR. J. L. MAGNES New York LEON S. MOISSEIFF New York REV. DR. DAVID PHILIPSON Cincinnati DR. SOLOMON SCHECHTER New York REV. DR. SAMUEL SCHULMAN New York HON. OSCAR S. STRAUS New York SAMUEL STRAUSS New York The Board of Trustees meets in January, March, May, and October. ' The Publication Committee meets in the afternoon of the first Sunday in January, February, March, April, May, June, October, November, and December. 1 Term expires In 1913. 2 Term expires In 1914. 8 Term expires In 1915. 4 JEWISH PUBLICATION SOCIETY 319

MEETING OP THE TWENTY-FOURTH YEAE The annual meeting of The Jewish Publication Society of America was held Sunday evening, May 26, 1912, at Keneseth Israel Temple, Broad Street, above Columbia Avenue, Philadelphia, Pa. The President of the Society, Mr. Edwin Wolf, called the meeting to order. Mr. I. George Dobsevage, of New York, acted as Secretary of the meeting. The President read his annual address. PRESIDENT'S ADDRESS Ladies and Gentlemen: We have concluded our twenty-fourth year with the largest membership in the history of the Society. We have now over ten thousand members. Compared with the preceding year, this means a net increase of thirty- three per cent, or four thousand members. The largest gains were secured in the Central West and in New England. New Hampshire, which had five members, now has about twenty times that number, the small Jewish community of Manchester alone supplying eighty members. An encouraging item is the steady increase of the sales of our publications. In 1902 our total income from sales for the year was $1700 ; in 1907 it grew to $2500. Last year the actual sales were about $14,000. Graetz's " History of the Jews " still continues to be our best seller, though by its side we have succeeded in creating a demand for our other books, and are establishing in many homes collections of Jewish books requiring a more than five-foot shelf to hold them. In all we distributed last year over forty thousand copies of our publications. Gratifying as these results are, we must not fail to take into account the heavy cost of publishing our books and bringing them to the attention of new readers. Last year we spent thirty thousand dollars for the manufacture of our new publications, replenishing our old stock, and for commissions to agents for securing new members. With the constant increase in the cost of production, the problem of meeting this outlay has become grave. In all departments of industrial life the price of commodities has risen to meet the increased cost of production and distribution. Are we not justified in asking our members to face the situation? With this end in view, I would recommend that, this meeting deliberate upon the advisability of increasing our annual dues to five dollars. Our Board of Trustees has decided to start to-night a campaign for the establishment of a fund sufficient to insure the publication of the Bible Translation, and to enable us to erect a permanent home for the Society. With proper encouragement we should be able to announce at our twenty- fifth annual meeting, in 1913, that the Society has succeeded in placing itself on a sound financial basis. This would constitute a most fitting celebration after a quarter of a century of activity in behalf of Judaism and Jewish literature. The books of the past year have been favorably received by the public and the press. We shall hear to-night a critical valuation from one eminently qualified to review them. The publications of the forthcoming year will consist of a romance of the Egyptian bondage entitled " The Sign above the Door," by Mr. W. W. Canfield. THE AMERICAN JEWISH YEAH BOOK for 5673 will contain an article on the Jew in Agriculture which, if not so effective in producing a practical, immediate result as the article 21 5 320 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK on the Passport Question, will, nevertheless, be of far-reaching value. The third book of the year will be a collection of essays from the pen of Professor Israel Abrahams, of Cambridge University, England. The last book of the year will be the fourth volume of Professor Ginzberg's " Legends of the Jews." The Bible editors are now revising the Book of Psalms. Soon they will have finished the entire revision, and we shall be confronted with the problem of a ready manuscript, an expectant public, but no funds to pay for paper, printing, binding, and shipping. I shall not dwell upon the importance and timeliness of these matters, as I prefer to hear an expression of opinion from the members present, to whom the extensive development of our work must appeal with especial force. REPORT OF THE BOARD OF TRUSTEES FOR 1911-1912 The Report of the Board of Trustees was as follows: The Jewish Publication Society of America has concluded its twenty-fourth year. The Board of Trustees elected the following officers: Treasurer, Henry Fernberger, of Philadelphia; Acting Treasurer, Joseph H. Hagedorn, of Philadelphia; Secretary, Lewis W. Steinbach, of Philadelphia; Assistant Secretary, I. George Dobsevage, of New York; Secretary to the Publication Committee, Henrietta Szold, of New York. The following were chosen members of the Publication Com- mittee: Mayer Sulzberger, of Philadelphia; Cyrus Adler, of Phila- delphia; Henry Berkowitz, of Philadelphia; Solomon Solis Cohen, of Philadelphia; Herbert Friedenwald, of New York; Israel Fried- laender, of New York; Felix N. Gerson, of Philadelphia; Max Heller, of New Orleans; Jacob H. Hollander, of Baltimore; Joseph Jacobs, of New York; J. L. Magnes, of New York; Leon S. Moisseiff, of New York; David Philipson, of Cincinnati; Solomon Schechter, of New York; Samuel Schulman, of New York; Oscar S. Straus, of New York; Samuel Strauss, of New York. Mayer Sulzberger was elected by the Committee as its Chairman. PUBLICATIONS The publications issued during 1911-1912 were as follows: 1. The Legends of the Jews, Vol. 3, by Louis Ginzberg. 2. The American Jewish Year Book 5672, edited by Herbert Friedenwald. 3. Essays by Ahad Ha-'Am, translated by Leon Simon. 4. Yiddish Tales, translated by Helena Frank. The publications announced for the coming year, 1912-1913, are as follows: 1. The Sign above the Door, by W. W. Canfield. 2. The American Jewish Year Book 5673, edited by Herbert Friedenwald. 3. " The Book of Delight" and Other Papers, by Israel Abrahams. 4. The Legends of the Jews, Vol. 4, by Louis Ginzberg. 6 JEWISH PUBLICATION SOCIETY 321

REPORT OF THE TREASURER

SHOWING RECEIPTS AND DISBURSEMENTS FROM MAT 1, 1911, TO APRIL 30, 1912

JOSEPH H. HAGEDORN, Acting Treasurer, In account with The Jewish Publication Society of America.

DR. To Balance, as audited, May 17,1911 $8,030 50 To cash received to date: Members' dues $25,874 37 Sales of Books 10,789 18 Interest 1,093 05 Year Book Refund 1,724 94 Bible Fund 33 00 39,514 54 $47,545 04 CR. By disbursements to date: Canvassers' and Collectors' Commissions $11,574 27 Salaries of Secretaries 4,149 83 General Expenses of office work, post- age, stationery and delivery of books from office 4,117 84 Cost of publications, authors' fees, etc.. 20,096 85 Bible Fund 1,050 14 40,988 93

Balance $6,556 11 Balance deposited with Fidelity Trust Co.: General Fund $ 394 95 Permanent Fund 1,000 03 Bible Fund 3,311 13 Special Capital Fund 1,850 00 $6,556 11 Respectfully submitted, (Signed) JOSEPH H. HAGEDORN, May 1,1912. Acting Treasurer. 322 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

PERMANENT FUND The Permanent Fund amounts to $19,002.53, as follows: Michael Heilprin Memorial Fund: Donation of Jacob H. Schiff $5,000 00 Donation of Meyer Guggenheim... 5,000 00 $10,000 00 Morton M. Newburger Memorial Fund 500 00 Bequest of J. D. Bernd 500 00 Donations 105 81 Life Membership Fund 7,600 00 Bequest of Lucien Moss 100 00 Bequest of Simon A. Stern 100 00 Bequest of A. Heineman 96 72 Total $19,002 53 The Permanent Fund is invested as follows: Electric and People's Traction Company's 4 Cost Par Value per cent bonds $8,972 50 $9,000 00 One bond, 4% per cent Lehigh Valley consolidated mortgage loan 1,000 00 1,000 00 One bond, 4% per cent Lehigh Valley first mortgage 1,030 00 1,000 00 Mortgage, 2200 Woodstock Street, Philadel- delphia 2,200 00 2,200 00 Mortgage, 2221 Carlisle Street, Philadelphia. 1,300 00 1,300 00 Mortgage, 420 Dudley Street, Philadelphia. 1,000 00 1,000 00 Mortgage, 445 Dudley Street, Philadelphia.. 1,000 00 1,000 00 Mortgage, 1808 Reed Street, Philadelphia... 1,500 00 1,500 00 Cash on hand, uninvested 1,000 03 1,000 03 Total $19,002 53 $19,000 03 The accounts of the Treasurer and of the Assistant Secretary have been examined and found correct. ADOLPH EICHHOLZ, EDWARD LOEB. Philadelphia, May 23, 1912. JEWISH PUBLICATION SOCIETY 323

STATEMENT OP MEMBERSHIP Alabama 110 North Carolina 56 Arizona 1 Ohio 502 Arkansas 58 Oklahoma 4 California 118 Oregon 14 Colorado 20 Pennsylvania 1744 Connecticut 115 Rhode Island 174 Delaware 31 South Carolina 55 District of Columbia 33 South Dakota 2 Florida 34 Tennessee 127 Georgia 193 Texas 36 Idaho 1 Utah 5 Illinois 1151 Virginia 61 Indiana 356 Washington 13 Iowa 136 West Virginia 12 Kansas 10 Wisconsin 179 Kentucky 162 Australia 26 Louisiana 60 Austria 1 Maine 2 British West Indies 4 Maryland 292 Canada 183 Massachusetts 886 Cuba 1 Michigan 239 England 12 Minnesota 115 France 1 Mississippi 61 Germany 5 Missouri 232 Mexico 1 Montana 6 South Africa 95 Nebraska 52 Turkey 1 New Hampshire 102 Belgium 1 New Jersey 309 British Columbia 1 New Mexico 1 New York 1898 Total 10,100 Life Members 55 Patrons 28 Library Members 68 Special Members 492 Annual Members 9,457 Total 10,100 324 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

The President appointed Dr. Herbert Friedenwald, of New York, and Dr. Max L. Margolis, of Philadelphia, a Committee on Nomina- tion of Officers. The Secretary read a communication from Mr. Louis Marshall, of New York, relative to the Bible Fund, and a letter from Mr. Morris Stern, of Philadelphia, offering suggestions to the Publica- tion Committee. PROGRESS OF BIBLE REVISION Dr. Cyrus Adler, as Chairman of the Board of Editors in charge of the new translation of the Bible, reported that the editors had completed the revision of about one-third of the Book of Psalms, and the entire work would be completed in about two years. Dr. Adler urged that the work of securing the funds for the publication of the translation should not be delayed longer. ADDRESSES The addresses of the evening were delivered by Dr. Israel Fried- laender, of New York; Dr. David Philipson, of Cincinnati; and Hon. Mayer Sulzberger, of Philadelphia. ELECTIONS The Committee on Nominations presented the following nominations : President (for one year): Edwin Wolf, of Philadelphia. First Vice-President (for one year): Henry M. Leipziger, of New York. Second Vice-President (for one year): Simon Miller, of Phila- delphia. Trustees (for three years): Henry Fernberger, of Philadelphia; Joseph H. Hagedorn, of Philadelphia; Horace Stern, of Phila- delphia; Samuel Strauss, of New York; Seligman J. Strauss, of Wilkes-Barre, Pa.; Cyrus L. Sulzberger, of New York. Honorary Vice-Presidents (for three years): Isaac W. Bern- heim, of Louisville; Julian W. Mack, of Washington; Simon Wolf, of Washington. The Secretary was instructed to cast the unanimous ballot of the meeting for the nominees, and the Chairman declared them duly elected. On motion, the meeting adjourned. I. GEORGE DOBSEVAGE, Secretary.

10 JEWISH PUBLICATION SOCIETY 325

MEMBERS

ALABAMA Alabama Andalusia Motile Berman, I. Bloch, Alex. Elchold, L. Bessemer Gup, Marcus, 811 St. Francis Hlrsch, Rabbi F. K., 620 18th Harumel, L. Stein, Sam'l, 206 19th Ilanaw, Henry Hess, Henry Birmingham Levy, A. G. Morris, Wm. H., 18 Government Blumberg. R.. 2023 1st Av. Moses, Rabbi Alfred (J., 407 Contl Fles, Jacoh, 2316 Highland Av. Olensky, J. W., 50 Government Pox, Dr. Betram A., 1700 S. 21st Pollock, J. Friedman, J., 2126 16th Av., S. Schwarz, Leon, 702 Government Goldstein, P. B.. 1909 2d Av. Shaaral Shomayim Sabbath School, Heymann, M., 128 S. 20th 19 S. Water Jacobs, Bertram Spira, A. n. Loeb, Leopold, 2205 14th Av., S. Weiss, J. W., 303 Church Loveman, Mrs. A. B., 8 Falrview Circle Montgomery Newfleld, Rabbi Morris, 2150 S. 16th Av. SPECIAL MEMBERS Phillips, I., 2019 Quennsen Loeb, Lucien S. Saks, Herman. 2167 Highland Av. Mount, Dr. Bernard, 315 Mont- Saks, Louis. 2201 Highland Av. gomery Samuels, Harry J., 2217 Orange Av. ANNUAL MEMBERS Shapiro, Isadore, 421 Brown Marx Behr, A., 19 Wilson Bidg. Ehrenreich, Rev. B. C, 58 Sayre Stelner, Leo K.. 2173 Highland Av. Frank, Ferd., 21 Sayre Sunday School Congreg. Bmanu El Gerson, M. S., 600 S. Court Williams, T., 1916 3d Av. Griel, Dr. Gaston J., Bell Bidg. Young Men's Hebrew Assoc, 1701 Haas, J. C, 318 Church 6th Av. Kahn, M. Kaufman. Sam'l, 37 Sayre Demopolis Livingston, A., 210 Clayton Folda, Louis Loeb, J. K.. 314 Montgomery Franzig, J. & Co. Mayer and Mohr Co. Mohr, M., 120 Sayre Mayer, Morris Montgomery, Kahl. 31 Sayre Opherton, L., 301 Washington Eufaula Rice, Sam'l, 61 Sayre Oppenhelmer, Jake. 236 Broad Roswald. Simon. Jr.. 227 Clayton Perlman, H., 146 Broad Simon, H. W., 21 Clayton Weil, Leon, 407 S. Lawrence Florence Winter. S. J., 423 Montgomery Caplan, Mrs. Lena Wise. E.. Ill Alabama Nadler, Herman Wolff, Morris M., 25 Holcombe Sonnenfleld, Joe Opelika Huntsville Cohen, J. C. Levy, Sam'l H. Davis, Jacob, 119 S. 8th Marshuetz, Leo J. Menkov, H. 11 326 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

Alabama Phoenix Temple Mishkan Israel Sabbath School, care of J. H. Kaplan, Moses, W. M., Box 85 Broad Tepper, B. P. Selma Seminole Eliasberg, Mrs. Herman, 540 Lau- Smith, Louis, care of Mr. Baldwin derdale Hohenberg, Morris Sheffield Kahn, A. G., 1422 Selma Kaplan, Rev. Dr. Jacob H., Hotel Block, Moe R., Nashville Av. Albert Olein, Philip Leva, Leo Spielberg, J. Liepold, Julius Tuscumbia Meyer, M. .1. Kohn, Herman Raisman, H. Perry, II. Rothschild, J. Tuskegree Schuster, Benjamin J. Marx, S. Arizona ARIZONA Phoenix Tucson Goldman, Mrs. Leo Goldschmidt, Leo, The Owls Jacobs, Lionel M. Arkansas ARKANSAS Helena Colin, Mark M., 812 Rock Daniel, Dan, 909 Cumberland Altman, G. G., 626 Poplar Frauenthal, Hon. Sam., Abeles Apts. Altman, M. A.. 205 Cherry Heiman, Max, 1100 Scott Newman, A.. 626 Poplar Heiseman, A. M., P. O. Box 226 Rothschild, Isidor, 804 Beech Lyons, Jos., P. O. Box 24 Seellg, B. Pfeifer, A. H., 1008 McGowan Solomon, Myrtle S. Sanders, M. B., 1222 Cumberland Welntraub, A. E., 508 Walnut S. S. Bne Israel Cong., care of Rabbi Louis Witt Hot Springs Stifft, Mrs. Chas. S., 1302 Scott Fellheimer, H., 124 Oak Thalheimer, Ben. S.. 1006 W. 62d Laser, D. Witt, Rabbi Louis, 1022 W. 6th Mandel, A., 1117 Central Av. Rhine, Rabbi A. B., 315 VV. Grand McGehee Av. Friedman, Isidore Roth, E. N. Hyam, L. H. Sabbath School Cong. House of Is- Meyer, Dave rael, care of Rabbi Rhine Wolchansky, Sam Strauss, Gus Waldstein, Victor, 324 Hawthorne Fine Bluff Lake Village Anshe Emeth S. School Blumenthal, Adolph. 713 W. 5th Rosenzweig, M. E. Dryfus, Isaac, 510 Main Frisch, Rabbi Ephraim Little Rock Frong, Louis, 224 Main SPECIAL MEMBER Furth, Fred. C. Marx, Henry, 1020 W. Barraque Abeles, Mrs. Chas. T., 1423 Loui- Moore, Geo. B., 515 W. 2d siana Reinberger, Irving, 91)4 Main ANNUAL MEMBERS Rosenzweig, Wm.. 717 W. 2d Aronson. Dr. Jos. D., 421 E. Oth Saltz, Sam, 518 E. 3d Back, William Scholsberg, Max, 1208 W. 18th Baumgarten, Mrs. Ricka, 201C Weil, Chas., 112 W. Barraque Spring Wolchansky, C. M. 12 JEWISH PUBLICATION SOCIETY 327

CAUFOBNIA California Alameda Kouff, D., 600 12th Lesser, .1. H., Hotel St. Mark Rosenthal, Henry, 7356 Park Oakland Lodge No. 252, I. 0. B. B., Bakersfleld 214 San Pablo Av. Samuels. Hon. George, 901 Union Weill, A. Sav. Bank Bldg. Berkeley Samuels, S., 1269 West Selie, Sigmund, 325 24th Popper, Dr. Wm., 2326 Russell Shafran, A., 602 Walsworth Av. Folsom Wiener, Herman, 1015 Harrison Revnes, Dr. I. Zimmerman, Joe, 1014 Washington Wahrhaftig, P. S., Route 1 Oroville Fresno Asher, S. Einstein, Louis, 948 K Oxnard Los Angeles Cohn, David Lehmann, L. SPECIAL MEMBER Swarts, Symon, Pacific Electric Redlands Bldg. Saulson. Wm., 901 W. Olive ANNUAL MEMBEES Weiss, S. C, 19 Calhoun Abrahamson, Hugo, 630 S. Spring Edelman, Dr. D. W., Bradbury Blk. Ross Finkenstein, M. J., 211 Merchants Sloss, Mrs. Max C. Trust Bldg. Hecht, Rev. Dr. S., 817 Beacon Sacramento Jonas, Jos. L., 953 Arapahoe Klngsbaker, Benjamin, 1617 S. Pi- LIFE MEMBER gueroa Weinstock, Harris Kornblum, M. S., 806 E. Washing- ton Marshutz, S. G., 704 So. Broadway ANNUAL MEMBERS Myers, Rev. Isidore, 917 Court Bloomberg Bros., 1021 2d Newmark, Marco R., 977 Arapahoe Bonheim. Albert Newmark, S. M., 909 Beacon Elkus, Albert, 9th and K Norton, Isaac, 627 Bonnie Brae Etham Lodge, I. 0. B. B.. L. Solo- Schwab, Mrs. M. B., Hershey Arms mon, Sec'y, P. O. Box 143 Weisbaum, Harry, care of The Ross- Fried, Rev. Michael, 1905 O lyn Hotel .Taffe, M. S., 321 K Simon, Max, 814 K Marysville Cheim, H. San Bernardino Cohn, C. Menlo Park San Diego SPECIAL MEMBER Blochman, L. A., 3260 First Cohen, Rev. M. N. A., P. O. Box 1073 Walter, Clarence P. Ellinger. Rabbi E., 1616 Front Meyer, M. E., 5th and H Oakland Nauman, J., 1250 9th Abrahamson, Henry, 465 13th Rosenstadt, E., 3744 6th Coffee, Mrs. M. H., 763 14th Wolf, H. S., 650 5th Ooldberg, II., 935 Harrison Goldwater, M., 927 Broadway Grodin, Michael, 914 Washington San Francisco Halpern, J., 1321 .Tefferson LIFE MEMBERS Jonas. Abraham, 1103 Broadway Ehrman, M., 2618 Jackson Jonas, Mrs. M., 638 12th Gross. David, Stockton and O'Far- Judeans, The, 14th & Franklin rell 13 328 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

California Jacobs, Isidor, 2018 Webster Edises, Miss Ada L., 2068a Market Levi, J., Jr., care of H. Levi and Co. Epstein, Elliot M., Chronicle Bldg. Lilienthal, E. R., 1801 Gough Fabian, P., 3641 Clay Meyer, Daniel. 212 Pine Farber, M., 954 Market Neustadter, Mrs. J. H., 2504 Jack- Feldman, A., 1739 Post son Fleishhacker, Herbert, 1 Sansome Rnsenthal, I. L., 1107 Van NPSS AV. Frank, Nathan H., 1215 Merchants Scheeline, S., 1827 California Exchg. Bldg. Shainwald, Herman, 1366 Slitter Frohman, Isaac, 2233 Washington Toklas, Ferdinand Gabriel, Seymour, 516 Market Well, Louis P., 1817 Jackson Glaser, Miss S., 2060 Sutter Welll, Raphael Goldberg, Louis, 410 San Jose Av. Goldenberg. A., 437 Kearney Goldman, Helm, 346 Mills Bldg. SPECIAL MEMBERS Goldman, I., 333 Webster Anspacher, Philip, 3524 Jackson Goldstone, C. S.. 275 Turk Anspacher, Simon, 2604 Pacific Av. Gollober, J., 2446 Clay B'nai B'rith Library, 149 Eddy Gordon. Samuel, 612 Buchanan Koshland, M. S., 3800 Washington Greenebaum, E., 3620 Clay Kowalsky, Col. H. I., Palace Hotel Greenebaum, M., 740 Mission Lande, Edward, Arlington Hotel Gruhn, J. M., 261 Bush Levison, J. B., 2420 Pacific Grunauer, Louis, 304 Carl Meyer, Henry, 32 Presidio Terrace Gunzburger, Dr. B. M., 1264 Grove Silverberg, J. S., 2863 Pacific Av. Hart, M., 2620 California Sinsheimer, Henry, 110 Market Heineberg, J. A., 365 Market Walter, Isaac N., 1803 Franklin Heller, E. S., 2020 Jackson Weiskopf, Samuel, 1000 Bush Heller, H. N., 1306 Fillmore Hertzberg, S. A., 1713a Eddy Hirshberg, D. S., 2999 Pacific Av. ANNUAL MEMBEBS Hyman, Joseph, 1916 California Abrams, J. D., 1500 Sutter Jacobi, J. J., 706 Sansom Ackerman, I. C. 2201 Van Ness Av. Jacobs. Morris S., 26 Ellis Alter. Marcus, 157 Russ .Tacobson, Chas., 2125 Pine Anixter, Ben, 1424 Devisadero Kahn, Hon. Julius, 2712 Webster Arnstein, Lawrence, 240 Cherry Kahn. Mrs. Sol., 1478 Post Aronson, A., 2120 Pacific Av. Kallen, Nieman, 1835 So. 5th Badt, Mrs. L., 3038 Jackson Kaplan, Rev. B. M.. 267 8th Av. Bnllen, P. L., 2136 Howard Katschinski, B., 399 Webster Av. Bender, Albert M., 150 Pine Lande. D., 1878 Pine Bernstein, Sylvan L. Langer. Sam'l, 600 Devisadero Bernstein. William; 1325 Fulton Lerer, Joseph, 3167 23d Bienenfeld, Bernard, 621 Wells-Far- Lesser, A. M., 731 Duboce Av. go Bldg. Levin, J., 2758 Mission Bleadon, C. L.. 163 Douglas Levin, Joseph E., 1822 Sacramento Blum, Max. 2070 Jackson Levison, A., 526 Barker Boyarsky. B. W., 1341 Mission Levison, Dr. Chas. G., 2249 Broder- Breman, L., 373 Shotwell Breyer, Sam T., 99 6th Av. ick Brownstone Louis H., 27 Common- Levison. H., 1570 Grove wealth Av. Levy, Meyer II., 1768 O'Farrell Cebrian. T. C, 1801 Octavla Levy, Morris, 629% Oak Cohen, Philip, Goodfriend Hotel Levy. Dr. S. Rutherford, 12 Geary Cohnreich, A., 101 Baker Llppman, Mrs. H., 2590 Mission Cowen, A. H., 365 Market Litzberp:, Miss Phoebe, care of Mrs. Danzlger, L., 2754 Mission T. Schweitzer, 753 Baker David, Charles, 1481 Washington Lyons, H. J., 1155 Dpvisndero Davldow, B.. 3000 California Marshall. S. Max, 528 Kearney Davis, David, 1398 McAllister Mendel, D., 2516 Post Davis, Edward. 1727 Grove Meyer, Rev. M. A., 2109 Baker Diller and Wolosky, 1250 Golden Musin, E. H., 106 Ord Gate Av. Xewburgh, Henry, Balboa Bldg. Dlnkelsnlel, Henry S. W., 802 Claus Newman, Judah, 1980 Jackson Spreckels Bldg. Newman, Lester, 2480 B'way 14 JEWISH PUBLICATION SOCIETY 329

Newman, Simon, 2070 Jackson Straus, Louis, 11 Battery California Ordenstein, Max, 2131 Devisadero Sngai-man, A., 3639 17th Oser, M., 3408 Clay Tauszky, Edmund, 2301 Devisadero Ostrow, M., 945 Market Tuchler. Dr. A. S., 703 Van Ness Av. Peixotto, Edgar D.; 3956 Washing- Wangenheim, Sol., Hotel Richelieu ton Wnscerwitz, M. H., 803 Claus Rabinowita, J., 1714 Steiner Spreckels Bldg. Hapken, M. A., 2443 Sutter Weinstein, M., 643 Oak Redlich, Henry, 1264 Page Weintraub, Mrs. S., 767 Haight Ringolsky, G. C, 522 Straight Werscovitz, I. J., 714 Hayes Rogers, H. M., 661 Howard Wise, Otto Irving, First Nat. Bank Rosenstirn, Eric Julius, 338 Mills Bldg. Bldg. Wise, Wallace A., 3550 Washington Rosenthal, Marcus, 202 Balboa Bldg. Wolf. Edward, 3165 Washington Rothschild, J. M., St. Francis Hotel Wolff, Harry IC, Montgomery and Sabbath School, Geary St. Temple, Bush Geary and Fillmore Zusman, Dr. S., 1411 Scott Salomon, Gen. E. S., 1634 Fell Samuels, Jacob, 320 Maple Santa Rosa Sapiro, Aaron L., 2402 California Rosenberg, Max Savannah, M.. care of The Paragon, Tiachman, Dr. H. J., Box 95 Van Ness Av. and Post Schlesinger, Bert, 3948 Clay Sierra Madre Schloss, Benjamin, 42 Beale Schwabacher, Louis A., 2100 Jack- Schlesinger, T. son Selling, S. H., 1531 Octavia Stockton Shear, Mrs. David, 2404 Broadway Cohen, Albert E., The Sterling Sllverman, Moritz, 1062 Market Cong. Ryhim Ahoovim, S. S. Saffier- Solomon, Sig., 533 Market hlll, 305 B. Main Solomons, Lucius L., 1402 Metrop- Gunzendorfer, F., 432 E. Main olis Bank Bldg. Stein, M. P. Spiegelman, Morris, 1616 Sanchez Steinhart, C. Splegl, L. M., 126 Commonwealth Visalia Levis, Leon Splro! I. H., 707 Cole Stahl, Adolph, 1880 Jackson Levy, Julius Starr, N., 257 Lexington Av. Yolo Sternseber, Charles, 157b Russ Borach, B. COLORADO Colorado Denver Jaffa, Jos. S., 811 Continental Bldg. Kahn, Samuel E., 1255 Humboldt Anfenger, Hon. Milton L., 322 Kauvar, Rabbi C. H.. 2858 Marion Symes Bldg. Kleiner, Dr. M., 1301 Franklin B. M. H. Teachers Ass'n, 2858 Krohn, Dr. H. N., 1484 Garfleld Marion Krohn. Dr. M. J., 2780 Colfax Av. Bitterman, Simon, 951 Humboldt Kubitshek, H., 262 S. Pearl Bresler, Simon L., 967 Downing Levy, Max M., 2128 Arapahoe Drechsler, Dr. Wm., 1418 Columbine Levy, Dr. Robert, 1528 Ogden Eisner, Dr. John, 1014 14th Lewen, Edward, 1500 E. 7th Av. Frankle, H., 1249 Humboldt Lovins, J. A., 2301 Champa Friedman, Dr. E., 2754 W. Colfax Mecklenburg, Abe, 2506 Downing Friedman, Rev. W. S., 1060 Emer- Av. son Morris, Ernest, Kittredge Bldg. Frumess, H. H., 1220 Clayton National Jewish Hospital for Con- Halpern, Nathaniel, 411 Continental sumptives, 521 Ernest and Cran- B3dg. mer Bldg. Harrison, J. H., P. O. Box 503 Plessner, David. 416 E. and C. Bldg. Harrison, Meyer, 1457 Vine Simon. Dr. S., 1316 Gilpin Hillkowitz, Dr. Philip, 1427 Stout Spivak, Dr. C. D., 1421 Court PI. Idelson, Rabbi I., 1464 Decatur Taussig, A. S., 305 Gilpin 15 330 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

Colorado Weil Bros., 1401 Larimer Pueblo Zackheim, O., 1483 Boulevard F Isaacs, D., 431 W. Evans Av. Zwetow, Samuel R., 1230 16th Jacubowitz, Rev. Dr. B., 1426 Grand Av. Edgewater Trinidad Isidore Hurwitz Library Sanders, Leopold

Connecticut CONNECTICUT Ansonia Older, Morris, 11 Central Row Bellin, H. G., 493 Main Suisman, M., 141 Windsor Morganstern, Mrs. R., 55 Jackson Meriden Bridgeport Beneger, Chas., 34 Pratt Klein, J. B. Bush, Alexander, 35 Randolph Av. Kline, Henry S., 1352 Fairfleld Av. Gross, O., 42 W. Main Moss, Isaac, 257 William Kennedy, S., Veteran Shapiro, Charles H., 303 Meigs Bldg. Rosenblatt, B., 68 W. Main Wainer, Miss Ida R., 509 Ogden White, S., 47 Veteran Colchester Middletown Bernstein, Louis Goldberg, Adolph, 438 Main Brader, Leo Gorflnkel, M., 37 Union Cutler, B. Middletown, D., 30 Sumner Elgart, Abraham Mittleman, I., 510 Main Elgart, D. Perlin, Z., 86 Union Elgart, Harry Poliner, H., 20 Sumner Gellert, Sam'l Poliner, Jacob, 458 Main Grenowitz, I. Press, Harry, 28 Pearl Hershatter. B., P. O. Box 58 Press, Max, 171 Main Horowitz, Isaac Shapiro, W., 38 Bridge Kllngon, Moses Tobry, S. Z., 222 Main Mintz, H. Wiernikoff, Rev. S. L., 237 Main Packewitz, E. Wrubel, Isaac, 21 Pearl Siegel, M. Stern, Samuel L. New Britain Abraham, Morris, 110 Kensington East Hampton Berkowitz, Sam, 648 N. Main Goldberg, Samuel Lewitt, M. C, 127 E. Main Marholin, Benj., 131 Dwight East Windsor Hill Menus, S. H., 398 Main Rubin, S. Hartford New Haven Adler, Max SPECIAL MEMBER Alderman, Morris H., 171 Congress Lyon, Bernhard, 20 Central Row Av. Caplan, Jacob, 42 Church ANNUAL MEMBERS Friedman, A. M., 388 Whalley Av. Becker, Sam'l P., 367 Blue Hill Av. Jacobs, Alexander, 7 Waverly Bernstein, Saul. 356 Park Kleiner, Chas., 310 Exchange Bldg. Ettelson, Rev. Harry W., 104 Cedar Kleiner, Isaac L., 39 Home Goldenthal, M., 15 Affleck Levenstein, M., 88 Congress Av. Greenberg, Leon. 190 Trumbull Levin, Isaac, 81 Congi-ess Av. Gross, Norman, 25 WInthrop Newman, Jacob J., 41 Park Harris, Louis G., 102 Wadsworth Pearlin, Nathan, 54 Asylum Av. Sachs, M., 97 Oak Herrup, Louis, 118 Oakland Ter. Smirnow, Dr. Max R., 850 Howard Katz, Louis II.. 902 Main Av. Klein, M. H., 14 Center Steinberg, D., 132 Davenport Kopplemann, H. P., 31 Canton ITllman, Isaac M., 558 Whitney Av. Levy, H. P., 96 Main Wolfe, Isaac, 157 Church 16 JEWISH PUBLICATION SOCIETY 331

New London Rosenberg, Rabbi Jos. N., 215 W. Connecticut Abramson, S., 108 Main Main Belgrade, L., 56 Denison Av. Slosberg, Chas., 425 W. Main Berman, Nathan, 125 Bank Solomon, S., 266 W. Main Brodsky, Louis, 425 Bank Swatzberg, Myer, 120 Main Charlap, Udul, 55 Hempstead Trachtenberg, Wm., 29 Spring Cherkasky, Benj., 47 Summer Weinstein, Isaac, 5 Cove Diamond, Isadore, 653 Bank Wolk, B., 222 W. Main Elionsky, Morris .T., 395 Bank Epstein, Sam, 706 Bank Putnam Goldberg, J., 27 Bank Gorchow, Barnet, 653 Bank Diamond, S., 44 Woodstock Av. Grann, I., 125 Bank Itzkowitz, Sam'l, 27 Richard South Norwalk Kosekow, L., 851 Bank Gans, Edward M. Libehansky, J., 225 Howard Greenstein, Sam'l Manowitz, M., 84 Bank Meyer, S., 147 Bradley Stamford Ockooneff, Sol., 162 Green Adler, Noah, 49 Hawthorn Plattus, S., 23 Shopely Cohen, Miss Jeanette F., 29 Brown Saltz, Mrs. Jos., 261 Huntington Schachat, Hyman, 440 Main Saltz, Kaleff, Bradley Schwartz, Paty, 70 Washington Waterbury Selikowitch, W., 27 W. Court Alexander, Julius, 284 N. Main Sbafner, S., 204 Main Berman, Dr. M. D., 220 N. Main Shalowsky, Joseph, 30 Truman Friedman, S. F., 53 Abbott Av. Shragowitz Bros., 437 Bank Glickman, L., 210 S. Elm Wachursky, A., 964 Bank Hendler, Jos., 156 S. Main Weehatinsky, H., 964 Bank • Herzanberg Bros., 275 Bank Wein, Nathan, 30 Truman Kasdon, Sol. L., 32 Scovill Wool, D., 202 Shaw Moscovitz, Dr. I. S., 173 E. Main Zimer, M., 119 Main Nadel, Morris, 52 Scovill Oser, M. N., 275 Cook Norwich Reich, Adolph, 498 Main Beckenstein and Taylor, 270 Main Sanditz, A., 34 Cook Bloom, John, 179 W. Main Sossin, Solomon, 260 N. Main Cramer, A., 59 School Spirt, Morris, 141 N. Elm Davidson, B., 23 Pearl Traurig, Wm., 83 Abbott Av. Gordon, David G., 259 W. Main Wellington, Solomon, 99 Briggs Hertz, Frank. 30 N. Thames Willner, A., 98 Highland Av. Levin. M., 251 W. Main Maroff, L., 57 High •Willimantic Marshall, A., 123 W. Main Cohen and Rotblatt, Main Polsky, M., R. F. D., No. 2 Gluskin, Abraham, 170 Jackson Rabinowitch, H., 40 Cliff Israel, Hyman, Natchug St.

DELAWARE Delaware Middletown Gluckman, Barnett, 10th and Mar- ket Rosenberg, S. M. Goldstein, B. G., 307 French Greenbaum, S., 1216 Market Seaford Kaaplander, Rev. M., 1200 du Pont Greenabaum, E. Knopp, M. Joseph, 112 King Van Leer, Charles Levy, D. L., 708 Van Buren Levy, Morris, 223 Market •Wilmington Miller, Charles, 1812 Washington Altman, M., 815 West 42d Miller. Nathan, 213 Market Barsky, Israel, 502 Madison Rosenblatt, Jacob, 232 Madison Barsky, Nathan, 409 Kins Rosenblatt, Louis, 726 W. 2d Benjamin, Aaron, 9 W. 11th Roth, Ignatz, 200 Market

17 332 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

Delaware Rothchlld, Albert, 814 West Topkis, David L., 420 W. 22d Schagrin, Chas. W., 608 Market Topkla, Louis, 209 Market Shtofman, N., 617 N. 4th Topkis, Wm., 408 W. 21st Sklut, JOB., 3d and Tatnall Wilmington Free Library Topkis, Charles, 20th and Boule- Wolfman, Benj., 825 Walnut vard Wolters, Mrs. R. W., 221 N. Browne District of Columbia DISTRICT OF COLUMBIA Washington Mack, Hon. Julian W., care of TJ. S. Commerce Court LIBRARY MEMBERS Neustndter, M., 1129 7th Oppenhelmer, Mrs. Simon, 1406 Berliner, E., 1458 Columbia Road 12th, N. W. Guggenheim, Hon. Simon, care of Peyser, J. I., Southern Bldg. U. S. Senate Rich, M. U., 1448 Howard, N. W. Robbin, S., 602 Mass. Av. Sauber, R., 901 26th, N. W. Scottish Rite, 3d and E ANNUAL MEMBERS Shappirlo, Jacob I., 1240 Columbia Baumgarten, Julius, 1933 18th, N. Rd., N. W. W. Simon, Rev. Abram, 2802 Cathedral Blout, I. L., 710 7th Av. Cohen, Max, 509 7th, N. W. Stein, Chas. J., 626 Penna. Av. Cohen, Myer, 14th and G Stein, J. M., 1223 Glrard, N. W. Feldman, A., 805 4th. S. E. Stern, Rev. L., 1315 Columbia Road Gichner, Fred. S., 422 4th. N. E. Stone, Nahum I., 3425 Newark Glick, II. <;., 1508 7th, N. W. Sugar, A. J., 504 E, N. W. Goldman, Hymnn, 1538 7th, N. W. Wangerstein, S., 1343 Fairmount, Heilprin, Giles F., 2620 University N. W. PI. Washington Hebrew Congregation, Hillman, Joel, 1831 Belmont Rd. I. L. Blout, Pres., 806 7th, N. W. Jacobson, M. L., 3430 Mt. Pleasant Wolf, J., 1819 15th, N. W. Lyon, Simon, 1416 F, N. W. Wolf, Hon. Simon, 700 14th

Florida FLORIDA Jacksonville Pankin, Master Herbert. 717 W. Adams SPECIAL MEMBER Rosenberg, Jac, 738 W. Monroe Kaufman, S. R., 1311 Laura Rosenberg, Wm., 35 E. Bay Safer, Rev. B., 611 W. Adams ANNUAL MEMBERS Sifer, Max, 814 Davis Altmayer, Sam., 340 West Beaver Slott, J. H. 706 W. Duval Barchan, Leopold, 319 W. Bay Wall, Wm., 928 W. Monroe Cohen, J. E. Walter, Philip, 430 W. Monroe Endel, Albert M., 1502 Laura Weinkle, M. J., W. Adams Endel, Marcus Weiss, Jacob, 29 E. 2d Finkelstein, Gabriel, 717 W. Adams Finkelstein, Henry, 633 W. Bay Finkelstein, Neal, 139 W. Ashey Fensacola Glickstein, Harry, 618 W. Monroe Friedman, Louis, 222 W. Cervantes Grunthal, Rudolph, 9 W. State Greenhut, A. Hlrschberg, Julius, P. O. Box 1035 Schwarz, Rabbi Jacob D., 115 W. Jacobson, Jos. E., 725 W. Adams Wright Kaufman, David, 321 W. Bay Kramer, S. D., 806 Davis Tallahassee Levlson, A., care of Glendale Co., 39 W. 1st Diamond, Julius Lippman, fjabe Moses, I. L., 340 W. Monroe Tampa Novitzky, H. R., 1524 Laura Britwltz, M., 1614 7th Av. 18 JEWISH PUBLICATION SOCIETY 333

GEORGIA Georgia Albany Haas, I. H., 385 S. Pryor Herzberg, M., 22 Howell PI. SPECIAL MEMBER Heyman, Arthur, 366 Washington Farkes, Sam Hirsch, E., 136 Capitol Av. Hirsch, Harold, 70 Waverly Way ANNUAL MEMBERS Hirshberg, J. W., 218 Washington Brown, Mrs. D., 416 Broad Jacobs, M. B., 15 Larkin Gortatowsky, M. D. Jaffe, A.. 43 Piedmont Kalish, S., Piedmont Hotel Landau, Rev. Edmund A., 511 Com- Kline, Sam, 80 E. Ellis merce Kohn, Geo. W., 580 Washington Prlsant Bros. Kriegshaber, V. H., 6 Moreland Av. Sterne, S. Leavitt, J. H., 30 Walker Lichtenstein, H., 10 Clifford Amerious Lichtenstein, M., 78 Decatur Glanz, Nathan Liebman, I., 311 Washington Pearlman, I. Loeb, Marcus, 439 Washington Maarid, L. B., 811 English-American Athena Bldg. Marcus, A. E., 59 Peachtrpe Boley, Sol. J., Dougherty Marx, Rev. David. 354 Washington Cohen, Aaron Mayer, Albert, 445 Washington Davis, J., 229 Broad Mendel, H., 107 Capitol Av. Flatau, Arthur . Meyer. A. A., 1101 Atl. Nat'l Bank Goldwasser, Mrs. Ben, 373 Hancock Bldg. Joel, Abe Oberdorfer, Eugene, 53 W. 14th Joseph, Max Rouglin, Dr. Louis C, 409 Wash- Library of University of Georgia ington Michael, M. G. Rozensky. D., 236 Washington Michael, Mrs. S. Schoen, Isaac, 806 Washington Morris, Lee. Schwab, Robt. W.. 475 Washington Myers, Frank, care of Chas. Stern Shimoff. P. M.. 159 Pulliam Co. Silverman, K M.. 25S Cru Shapiro, Sam Silverman, H., MO Washington Stern, Mrs. Meyer Spielberger, Jacob, 330 E. Georgia Stern! M. K., 315 Alfriend Bldg. Atlanta Victor, Ralph, 258 S. Pryor Abelman, Simon, 262 Capitol Av. Weinberg, H., 602 S. Pryor Abelson, A., 605 S. Pryor Weinberg, I.. 148 Capitol Av. Bodenhelmer and Bros., N. Wellhouse, Henry, Majestic Hotel Boorstein, Sam'l A., 903 Atlanta Wellhouse, Louis, 418 Washington Nat'l Bank Bldg Wildauer, Dr. B., 69 Wildner Brodie, Benj. M., 322 Woodward Av. Wolf. Sam., 211 W. Fair Buchman. Joe. 26 W. Mitchell Zaban, Sam., 120 Pulliam Clein, E. S., 125 Auburn Av. Zacharias, S. D., 520 Washington Dorfan, Jy 91 Gilmer Ellman, M., 120 Piedmont Av. Elson, P., 305 Central Av. Augusta Feldman, S., 225 Irving Cohen. C. Henry Field, J. S. Pearl, Mrs. Chas., 118 Greene Fordan, M., 125 Pulliam Reich, Dr. Leo. 1011 Reynolds Frank, Leo M., 68 E. Georgia Av. Sanders, I., 986 Broad Frank, M., 1009 Century Bldg. Sawilowsky, J.. 965 Broad Freedman, Jos. A., 170 Gilmer Schneider, C. H., Broad St. Gate City Lodge, No. 144, I. O. B. B., Schneider, Jake, 1202 Ellis P. O. Box 90 Slusky, David Gershon, Morris, 26 Capitol PI. Spivak, G., 1327 Greene Goldin, B., 24 W. Mitchell Goldin, D., 128 Pulliam Brunswick Haas, Alfred, 261 Washington Kaplan, S. 19 334 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

Georgia Columbus Hirsch, B., 225 Broughton. E. Clein, Wm. Itzkovitz, L., 407 W. Broad Gerson, J., 1203% Broad Kravitch, Aaron, 701 W. Broad Haskell, Philip Lehwald, Sam, Congress and Whit- Hirsch, Miss Addie, 1124 4th Av. aker Lefkowitz Bros., 1129 Broad Lichtenstein, J., 222 E. Broughton Levy, D. Livingston, II. II., 215 E. Gaston Loeb, Sol., 1230 2d Av. Marcus, A., 213 W. Broad Rosenthal, F. L., 1255 2d Av. Marcus, Wm., 122 Park Av., W. Rothschild, B., 1440 4th Av. Medin, A., 2135 Bryan Rothschild, Gerson, 1316 4th Av. Mendel, Carl, Park Av. and Paulsen Schaufleld, II., 841 4th Av. Mendel, J. Mendel, Max, 517 W. 137th Macon Mendes, A. de Sola. 430 Barnard Bashinsky, I. Mickve Israel Sunday School Block, A., 810 Mulberry Mohr, Arnson, 7 Gordon, W. Fleischer, David, 210 New Muhlberg, Miss D., 24 E. Jones Goldgar, B., 403 Spring Paderewski, A., 351 W. Broad Heimer, M., Box 404 Pinkussohn, Jacob, 303 Groinett Hirsch, Jacob, 610 4th Prager, I. M., 2218 Barnard Sabbath School Beth Israel, care of Ranzin, A., 318 W. Park Av. Rev. Harry Weiss, 454 New Rice, Sol. S., 439 Habussher Solomon, L., 264 Washington Av. Richman, J., 147 W. Broad Rosenthal, E. W., 6 Bay, E. Savannah Silver, Abe J., 1728 Barnard Apple, Mark, 306 Liberty, W. Silver, I., 124 E. Oglethorpe Av. Bernstein, S., 221 Barnard Silverman, Dr. Chas., 113 Taylor, E. Bleustein, L. Solomon, Rev. Dr. Geo., 1516 Dray- Blumberg, J., 106 Hall, W. ton Buchenholz, A., 217 Congress, W. Solomons, I. A.. 2315 Brill Dub, B., 811 Whitaker Sutker, Alex., 305 W. York Ehrlich, Mrs. M. G., 312 Handing- Sutker, Jacob, 324 Bryan ton, E. Weiser, J. A., 348 W. Broad Epstein, M. A., 214 W. Bolton Weitz, B., 18 W. 38th Frank, E. M., 421 Bolton, E. Weitz, I. D., 410 Montgomery Frank, Mrs. Leo, 608 Abercorn Friedman, Sam, 1525 York, W. Garfunkel, Miss Eugenie E., 205 Charlton •West Point Gazan, Simon N., 1716 Barnard Cohen, M. Grouse, Louis E., care of Epstein Hagedorn, Arthur Bros. Co. Hagedorn, Max Harris, Lester, 315 Oglethorpe Av., Hyman, Mrs. B. N. Jacobson, V.

Idaho IDAHO Pocatello Rosenberg, Mrs. J.

Illinois ILLINOIS Athens Aurora SPECIAL MEMBER Barnat, B., 62 N. Broadway Cohen, H., 7 N. Broadway Frisch, Sol. Kentwortz, M., 11 N. Broadway Sheer, Charles. 108 S. 4th ANNUAL MEMBERS Weicensong, David, 119 Wilder Burgheim. Harry Salzenstein. C. S. Bloomington Seligman, Bros. Griesheim, J. S., 505 E. Washing- Wertheim, Bertha ton 20 JEWISH PUBLICATION SOCIETY 335

Grlesheim, Myron H., 412 E. Front Becker, A. G., 5132 East End Av. Illinois Livingston, Albert, 701 y2 E. Wash- Binswanger, A., 1520 Ft. Dearborn ington Bldg. Livingston, Milton R., 410 E. Mon- Bovilsky, Simon, 11348 Michigan roe Av. Livingston, SIg, Livingston Bldg. Conn, Abe, 5220 Michigan Av. Messing, Rabbi A. J., 602 E. Grove Cohn, J. W., 925 Blue Island Av. Ochs, Herman S., 412 E. Locust D'Ancona, Alfred C, 220 Market Stern, J., 506 N. Main Davis, James, 2018 Fowler Tick, Morris, 306 S. Center Davis, M., 1049 Garfleld Blvd. Waldman, Sam, 114 Center De Lee, Dr. J. B., 5028 Ellis Av. Diamond, Jacob, 1117 Ashland Champaign Blvd. Ettelson, Samuel A., 3315 Calumet SPECIAL MEMBERS Av. Eisner, Albert, W. Market Flesh, Joel W. S., 154 E. Pearson Kaufman, J. M., 704 W. University Frank, Herman, 4646 Lake Av. Av. Fridus, Dr. S. L., 1809 W. 47th Kuhn, Isaac, 304 W. Hill Friedman, Eugene W., 4832 Indiana Lewis, Wolf, 615 W. University Av. Av. Greenspan, S., 602 N. 48th Av. Selicowitz, Abe, 509 W. Springfield Grollman I., 4943 Michigan Av. Wolff, Chas. A., 309 W. University Grollman, Louis, 5213 Calumet Av. Av. Hainsfurther, Louis, 5817 Calumet ANNUAL MEMBERS Av. Ilorwich, B., 1240 Independence Klein, J., care of I. Kuhn, 304 W. Blvd. Hill Jacobs, William, 5012 S. Ashland Loeb, H., 301 W. Clark Av. Stern, A. L., 909 W. University Jacoby, Robert W., 3516 Bosworth Av. Av. Chicago Kahn, H., 7850 Bond Av. LIFE MEMBERS Kahn, Louis, 9154 Commercial Av. Klafter, David Saul, 64 W. Ran- Fish, Mrs. Joseph, 1811 Prairie Av. dolph Leven, Ben., 75 Monroe Lackritz, Paul N., 1111 N. Hoyne Rosenwald, Julius, 4901 Ellis Av. Av. Levinson, H. C, 4333 Grand Blvd. PATRON Lieberman, Isnac K., 432 E. 45th Beifeld, Joseph, 3304 Calumet Av. Lieberman, Jos. L., 5824 Michigan Av. LIBRARY MEMBERS Lieberman, Moses M., 5216 Michi- Hirscb, Rev. Emil G., 3612 Grand gan Av. Blvd. Lindenthal, Henry M., 4553 Ellis Kahn, Max, 3511 S. Wood Av. Klee, Max, 1340 E. 48th Lurie, Harry J., 5153 Michigan Av. Iieopold, N. F., 3223 Michigan Av. Marks, Nathan. Orphan Asylum, Lindenberger, H., 4048 Grand Blvd. 1243 N. Wood Rosenneld Bros. & Co., 174 Ran- Mayer, Benj. S., 5336 Michigan Av. dolph Mayrent, L., 6046 Monroe Av. Rosenthal, James, 4801 Lake View Minsky, Bernard, 221 N. 53d Av. Av. Misch, Mrs. H. R., 5356 Michigan SPECIAL MEMBERS Norton, G. J., 5163 Michigan Av. Abraham, A., 3060 E. 92d Ottenheimer, D. M., 4409 Prairie Adelman, Harry, 9222 Commercial Av. Av., S. Phillipson, Samuel, 908 Ashland Adler, Sidney, 5356 Michigan Av. Blvd. Alschuler, Leon S., 4833 Calumet Pike, Adolph, 5213 Indiana Av. Av. Regenstein, Theodore, 4435 Ellis Av. Bach, Leopold, 15 E. 114th Rosenberg, J. S., 1102 S. Ashland Bach, Samuel, 40 W. 113th Blvd. 22 %\ 336 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

Illinois Rosenzweig, L., 3727 Grand Blvd. Arkln, Alexander E., 1412 N. Irving Rossen, Meyer, 849 W. 12th Av. Rubovits, Toby, 4817 Forrestville Arkln, D., 6258 Jackson Park Av. Arkln, I. C, 6352 Cottage Grove Sabath, Hon. A. J.( 2006 S. Ashland Av. Av. Arkin, Simon, 1286 Milwaukee Av. Schaffner, Robt., Highland Park Aronson, N., 1421 N. Washtenan Av. Schmalhosen, Sam., 8459 Superior Ascher, Theo., 135 Michigan Av. Av. Axelrod, D.. 6305 Ellis Av. Schneider, H., 1105 S. Mansfield Bach, Chas. B., 23 E. 113th Av. Bach, Mrs. E., 3432 Michigan Av. Shaeffer, Samuel J., 4715 Magnolia Baer, Walter S.. 5100 Ellis Av. Av. Baerd, H. C, 3217 W. Albany Simons, L., 1129 Ashland Blvd. Bahr, H. A.. 5168 Indiana Av. Sinai, Boles J., 5142 Michigan Av. Balm, W., 718 E. 47th Skebelsky, Dr. J. W., 9039 Com- Bardin, Robert, 815 W. 63d mercial Av. Barkon, Simon, 4600 S. Ashland Av. Sommerfeld, Julius, 5336 Indiana Barnett, Dr. Harry, 1620 W. 12th Av. Barnett. P., 2520 Prairie Av. Spitz, Sam'l, 4842 Forrestville Av. Bauer, Rev. S. H., 3116 Logan Blvd. Spitzer, Maurice, 1410 N. Hoyne Av. Beck, Dr. Carl, 601 Downing PI. Steck, S. B., 3339 Michigan Av. Beck, Dr. J. B.. 3257 W. 12th Stein, Albert S., 240 Franklin Becker, Jos., 5934 Aberdeen Stein, M., 8361 Superior Av. Becker, L., 5000 Drexel Blvd. Stein, M., 6565 Yale Av. Beckman, Ignatius, 2512 N. Kedzie Straus, A. S., Lakota Hotel Blvd. Turner, A., Sansman and 14th PI. Beilln, L., 3105 Palmer Sq. Walpert, Dr. B. E., 8747 Commer- Bensinger, B. E., 263 Wabash Av. cial Av. Berenson, Fred B., 237 S. Market Bergson, Dr. N., 602 North Av. Ware, Sidney N., 4408 Ellis Av. Berkman, Harry. 1830 S. Turner Av. Weinstein, Max, 933 S. Winchester Berkowitz, Dr. J. G., 1042 W. 14th Wenk, L., 5628 S. Park Av. Berkson, Edward, 3502 W. 12th Wolfe, H. D., 438 E. 49th Berkson, J., 674 W. 63d Wormser, Leo F., 4737 Kimbark Av. Berkson. Maurice, 5711 Indiana Av. Berlin. Dr. S. I., 1160 Taylor Berlizheimer, H., 842 Waveland Av. ANNUAL MEMBERS Bernard, A., 1946 W. ]2th Aaron, Harry. 1106 W. 63d Bernheim, Jacob, 4916 Winthrop Av. Abelson, S., 1425 N. Irving Av. Berns, Dr. H. R., 3227 W. Madison Abrahamson, Dr. S., 1226 S. Hal- Bernstein, A., 3517 Douglas Blvd. sted Bernstein, Alex L., 6004 Aberdeen Abrams, Myer, 1105 S. Paulina, care Bernstein, Benj. H., 1722 W. Tay- of Ideal Hebrew School lor. Abrams, Sam'l, 814 S. Hermitage Bernstein, Fred, 218 E. 57th Av. Bernstein, Morris D., 5236 Calumet Ackerman, Dr. David, 841 S. Loomls Av. Adelman, Edw., 2648 W. North Av. Berwald, B., 11210 Michigan Av. Adelman, Sam. 3128 W. 14th PI. Beznrk, J., 4341 Vincennes Av. Adler, Miss Cella, 5221 Michigan Birkenstein, Al., 377 W. Ontario Av. Birkensteln, David, 5133 Kenmore Adler, Mrs. D., 4923 Michigan Av. Birkenstein, Harry, 450 Wrightwood Alexander, David T., 1413 S. Saw- Av. yer Av. Birkenstein, Louis, 12 Lane PI. Alport, S., 1624 W. Taylor Birkenstein, Milton, 377 Ontario Alschuler, Maurice, 915 S. Winches- Bloch, A. L., 8411 Buffalo Av. ter Av. Bloch, Albert, 120 N. Jefferson Altman, Mrs. M., 4946 Washington Bloch, Alexander I., New York Life Park PI. Ins. Co., 39 S. La Salle Andelman. Julius. 1312 W. 59th Block, H., 1718 Crllly VI. Anscher, A. D.. 1062 Milwaukee Av. Block, Max N., 1105'W. 12th Aren, Dr. M. L., 739 W. 12th Bloom, S., 812 33d 22 JEWISH PUBLICATION SOCIETY 337

Bloomberg, H., 729 W. 60th D'Ancona, B. N., 108 La Salle Illinois Blum, Simon S., 4927 Grand Blvd. David, Mrs. J. B., 4463 Ellis Av. Blumberg, Benj., 40 Hitchcock Hall Davis, Abel.1345 N. Hoyne Av. Blumenthal, R. J., 3823 W. 26th Davis, Dr. H. I., 5811 Calumet Av. Bobbe, J., 5050 Michigan Av. Davis, I. C, 6752 Evans Av. Bololin, N. H., 1037 Washbourne Davis, Meyer, 1010 Currin De Kofsky, A. S., 1324 S. Homan Bornstein. M., 1217 E. 47th Av. Brandt, Eli, 561 Melrose De Kofsky, F., 1246 S. Sawyer Bi-anue, Emil, 6i4 S. Marshfleld Av. De Koven, Dr. B., 3259 Douglas Braunstein, M., 4815 Langley Av. Blvd. Bregstone, Judge Philip, County De Koven, Jake, 13ir. S. Halsted Bldg. Delson, Louis J., 1026 S. Halsted Brook, Dr. H., 2058 W. Denison Dennen, Miss E., 1638 W. 12th Brown, B. J., 3211 Douglas Blvd. Desser, Dr. L. B., 1411 Milwaukee Brown, Celia R., 1212 W. Taylor Av. Brownstein, Dr. Bernard, 1522 W. Deutch, Theo., 9239 Commercial Av. 14th Deutelhaum, Leopold, Home for Buchsbaum, S., 5430 Michigan Av. Jewish Orphans, Drexel Av. and Budan, Dr. A., 1354 Milwaukee Av. 62d Budzinsky, Rabbi N. N., 732 S. Peutsch, Samuel, 490S Ellis Av. Hermitage Av. Diamond, Dr. I. B., 1301 N. Hoyne Burgheim, H. C, 5120 Calumet Av. Av. Burman, Leon, 740 S. Leavitt Dinkelman, E.. 6014 Michigan Av. Burr, Maurice, 1213 Johnson Dresner, Julius, 3546 W. 12th PI. Carp. S., 1108 E. 03d Drozdowltz, Dr. A., 1107 Inde- Chaiken, Marcus. 2736 N. Troy pendence Blvd. Chones, Win., 5320 Prairie Av. Drucker, Saul, 1243 N. Wood Chulock, Dr. Aaron W., 1398 Mil- Edplman, Leon, 3441 W. 18th waukee Av. Eichenbaum M., 1482 Milwaukee Chulock, Dr. Jos. W., 1252 N. Robey Av. Chutkow, B., 2922 Lexington Einstein, David G., 5211 Indiana Cohen, B., 3 224 Blue Island Av. Av. Cohen, Benj. E., 712 Ashland BIdv. Eisenberg, J.. 1220 E. 63d Cohen, David, 1324 S. Homan Av. Eisendrath, B. D., 4339 Grand Blvd. Cohen, Edward, 9125 Exchange Av. Eisendrath. Henry J., 12 N. Halsted Cohen, Geo. E.. 4940 St. Lawrence Elsenstaedt, J., 230 Market Cohen, Harry E., 533 E. 34th Eisenstaedt, Dr. Moses, 4521 For- Cohen, Henry. 100S Ashland Blvd. restville Av. Cohen, J. Phillips, 912 S. Paulina Eisenstaedt, R.. 431 E. 48th Cohen, Julius, 849 W. 12th Eisler, Alfred, Bush Temple, 800 N. Cohen, L. H., 815 Winthrope Court Clark Cohen, Louis, 4614 S. Ashland Av. Eisler, Chas., 2222 Orchard Cohen, Louis, 1407 S. Halsted Eltingon, Dr. C. H., 1355 Mil- Cohen, Louis S.. 1422 Trumbnll Av. waukee Av. Cohen, Meyer, 3651 Douglas Blvd. Cohen, Wolf, 439 S. Paulina Eliassof, H., 5256 Indiana Av. Cohn, Chas. II.. 4929 Calumet Av. Eliel, H. J., 4465 Berkley Av. Cohn, P.. 4R06 W. Fulton Elkan, Henry, IS W. Michigan Cohn, Harris. 1811 S. Troy Ellbogen, M., 4532 Woodlawn Av. Cohns, Chas. L., 64 E. 50th Elson, Dora J., 2542 Haddon Av. Comroe, Dr. Jos. I., 548 E. 49th Eppstein, Dr. Ralph M., 3336 W. Conheim, Max. 5306 Calumet Av. 26th Contarsy. Simon, 1101 W. Taylor Epstein, Ignatz. 3406 W. 26th Cooper, Samuel, 436 W. 63d Faller, Sigmund, 178 State Cooper, Sol. C. 11155 Curtis Av. Farber, W., 014 Ashland Blvd. Cooperman, Sol.. 1533 E. 63d Faroll, Mrs. B., 6222 Lexington Av. Cooperman, W., 5449 Ashland Av. Faust, L., 4351 Champlaln Corn, Sam A., 4510 Calumet Av. Feigen, Dr. Philip H., 1301 N. West- Cowen, Israel, 437 E. 48th ern Av. Cowen, Miss Millie, 3218 S. Park Feinberg, Max, 2113 Flurnoy Av. Felnberg, S. J.. 2115 Flurnoy Feingold, J., 3006 State 23 338 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

Illinois Feingold, M. S., 4731 S. Ashland Av. Geliebter, D., 1459 N. Leavitt Feldheimer, Louis, 4511 Vincennes Gelman, B., 1705 W. 12th Av. Gershennn, Harry M., 235 N. 52d Feldsher, Dr. I., 624 W. 12th Gesas, Michael, 3338 Douglas Blvd. Fels, Dr. Leo .T., 1557 W. 12th Ginsburg, H., 7809 Bond Av. Felsenthal, Eli B., 4108 Grand Glnsburg, Dr. J., 834 Ashland Blvd. Blvd. Ginsburg, L., 3222 Madison Felsenthal, Miss J. I., 3037 Logan Glnsburg, Sam'I, 636 Ashland Blvd. Blvd. Glnzberg, M. P., 1214 Halsted Glickman, Philip, 2529 Thomas Feuerzeij*, Isidor, Madison and Pe- Glickson, Oscar, 1415 S. Sawyer nria Gluck, D., 4727 Langley Av. Fifer, A. R., 1437 W. 12th Golan, Maurice J., 1448 W. 13th Fine, L., 3241 W. Madison Goldberg, A., 724 W. 12th Fischel, Frederic A., 5139 Calumet Goldberg, Harry, 3340 Douglas Blvd. Av. Goldberg, I., 6625 Halsted Fishel, Isaac, 444 Wrishtwood Av. Goldberg, Dr. J. B., 1255 S. Hal- Fisher, H. M., 159 N. Clark sled Fishman, Dr. L., 1344 S. Halstpd Goldberg, Joseph, 1308 Milwaukee Fleischman, Mrs. J., 1852 Blue Av. Island Av. Goldberg, Max, 9020 Commercial Florsheim. Simon, Lakota Hotel Av. Foreman, Henry G., 108 Dearborn Goldberg, Philip, 1210 Johnson Foreman, Oscar G.. 30 N. La Salle Goldberg, S., 2019 W. Division Fox, Dr. N. I., 1301 S. Halsted Goldflnger, H., 2030 Le Moyne Frank, Henry L.. 1608 Prairie Av. Goldman, Jacob L., 3530 Douglas Frank, Jacob, 1751 W. Madison Blvd. Frank. Meyer, 1616 Homan Av. Goldsmith, Annie, 6445 Monroe Av. Frankel, Dr. David A., 1384 Mil- Goldsmith, H., 7445 Madison waukee Av. Goldstein, O. A.. 2117 Alice PI. Frankel, Dr. H. L., 1444 Milwaukee Goodman, Dr. H., 1245 Willard Av. Av. Goodman, 1, 516 E. 42d Frankel, Dr. Henry, 3200 Douglas Goodman, Isidore, 3145 W. 14th PI. Blvd. Goodman, Jos., 1168 E. 55th Frankel, M. J., 1357 N. Rockwell Goodman, Max, 215 W. 47th Frankenstein, W. B., 115 Dearborn Goodman, Philip L., 2644 N. Hum- Franklin, Harvey B., 3716 Lake boldt. AT. Gordon, Dr. D. J., 3147 S. Morgan Franklin, I. J., 918 Chamber of Gordon, Julius H., 2344 W. Harri- Commerce son Freedmann, Hymann, care of Freed- Gordon, Louis J., 1221 S. 41st mann Bros., 731 Mather Gordon, Mrs. M. Barnett, 2019 De Freudenberg, G., 1561 Milwaukee Kalb Av. Gordon, Max, 108 N. Jefferson Freund, Mrs. G., 4749 Ellis Av. Gottstein, I. L., 1223 S. Halsted Frey, Dr. H. A., 1401 N. Western Greenbaum, A. C, 4825 Prairie Av. Av. Greenbaum, Herman, 4811 State Fried. Isidore. 1606 W. 12th Greenberg, A.. 4722 Ashland Av. Friedlen, H. L., 1317 Millard Greenebaum, Ben I., 4510 Hermi- Friedman, Fannie, 1339 S. Troy tage Av. Friedman, Dr. S., 1101 S. Halsted Greenebaum, Elias, 4510 Grand Furth, J. E., 356 E. 35th Blvd. Galantier, David R., 1341 N. Camp- Greenspahn, Fannie, 4558 Justine bell Av. Greenwald, Phillip, 2766 E. 75th Gans, .Tulius, 4048 Grand Blvd. Greiver, Simon, 1726 Division. Gans, Leopold. 421 N. Franklin Grodson, Samuel G., 4660 State Gartenstein, Dr. J., 12th and Ash- Gross, Louis J., 5440 Prairie Av. land Blvd. Gross, P. A., 159 La Salle Gassman, I., 8728 Commercial Av. Grossberg, Jacob G., 3144 Douglas Gasson, Harry, 1622 W. 12th Blvd. Gawron, Dr. B. E., 1001 S. Paulina Grossman, A., 325 Wisconsin Gekofsky, A., 1757 W. North Av. Grossman, E., 4627 Magnolia Av. 24 JEWISH PUBLICATION SOCIETY 339

Grossman, H., 428 S. Halsted Jacobson, D., 4504 Ellis Av. Illinois Grossman, H. A., 936 S. Robey Jacobson, Dr. H. A., 1242 New- Grossman, Max M., 108 La Salle berry Av. Grusin, M., 1421 S. Halsted Jacobson, Isidor, 1513 W. 69th Guettel, Mayer, 4746 Indiana Av. Jacoby, Ernest, 19 Wabash Av. Guthman, Max, 5318 S. Park AT. Jaffe, M., 5216 5th Av. Haffenburg, C. B., 4914 Ellis Av. Jerusalemsky, Bertha, 1500 S. Halperin, Dr. Robert, 1017 Ashland Trumbull Av. Blvd. Joffee, Dr. Wm., 954 W. Erie Handelman, Dr. Louis, 1159 W. Jonesi, Wm. A., 948 W. 12th 12th Kahn, M. S., 6018 Sangamon Handmacher, Max, 330 S. Irving Kahn, Marcus, 7809 Bond Av. Av. Kahn, Dr. Maurice, 4624 S. Ashland Hankan, Max, 316 B. 25th Av. Harris, Dr. Aaron B., 6106 Prince- Kahn, Moses, 7850 Bond Av. ton Av. Kalish, Kal, 3248 Douglas Blvd. Harris, Abram J., 3426 Douglas Kalish, Louis P., 5811 Indiana Av. Blvd. Kalman, Dr. A. H., 1357 N. Western Harris, Joseph, 3420 Michigan Av. Hartman, A., 4527 Ellis Av. Kalorn, Dr. B. A., 1024 W. 63d Hartman, Joseph S., 200 Jackson Kamin, Dr. Wm., 1224 S. Albany Av. Blvd. Kan, Dr. Alexander M., 1356 S. Hatowskl, Phil., 170 N. Taylor Center Av. Hefter, M., 5420 Prairie Av. Kann, N. H., 1048 N. Ashland Av. Heldman, Julius N., 1016 The Kanne, J., 2920 State Temple Herman, Dr. M. J., 1013 S. Hal- Kaplan, M., 1541 Clifton Park Av. sted Kaplan, M. P., 2036 Le Moyne Herst, Frank, 217 S. Central Park Kaplan, Nathan D., 59 N. Clark Av. Karno, Max, 1752 W. Taylor Hevesh, Rabbi Jos., 1505 N. Leavitt Karpen, Adolph, 1092 Sheridan Rd. Hexter, Stephen, 150 State Karpf, Morris J., 1257 N. Campbell Heymanson, J., 1630 La Salle Av. Av. Himmel, Chas., 1137 B. 63d Katz, Alice, 8439 Superior Av. Hirsch, Jos., 843 Wellington Katz, Eugene, 318 W. Washington Hirschberg, Rev. Abram, 2636 Lake Katz, I., 6024 Union Av. View Av. Katz, Sam'l B., 1040 W. 12th Hirschberg, Harry. 427 E, 46th Keim, Isaac, 4117 Grand Blvd. Hirtenstein, Joseph, 412 S. Halsted Kerr, Abe, 1933 Chase Av. Holtz, Dave, 4738 Ashland Av. Kimzelberg, H., 3229 N. Clark Homer, Henry, 4801 Forrestvllle Kirchheimer, Joseph, 5212 S. Park Av. Av. Hornstein, Geo.. 4720 Vincennes Av. Kite, L. J., 1726 W. Division Horvitz, Max, 307 E. 43d Klafter, P., 2028 Sangamon Horwich, R. B., 7037 Peoria Klein, Henry A., 4918 Vincennes Av. Hurwich, Louis J., 548 W. Division Klein, Rabbi Israel, 1916 Washing- Hyman, H., 3254 N. Whipple ton Blvd. Ingham, Dr. Cecil, 1846 Canalport Klein, Peter, 2518 St. Louis Av. Av. Kleinert, A., 5014 Grand Blvd. Isaacs, Lewis J., 1335 S. California Kleinhamer, S. E., 821 Oakdale Av. Av. Klemperer, Otto, 510 S. Wabash Av. Isacowitz, J. H.. 1392 S. Troy Klopper, Dr. Zan D., 1642 W. Divi- Isaiah Sabbath School sion Israel, Max II.. 4715 St. Lawrence Koenigsberg, D., 1410 Milwaukee Israelson, Harris, 2352 Monroe Av. Jacobs, Aaron, 5118 S. Halsted Koenigsberg, Samuel, 1232 N. Hoyne Jacobs, Alexander, 3148 Douglas Av. Blvd. Kohn, Fred. H., 958 W. 69th Jacobs, H. Leonard, 5026 Ashland Kohn, Louis H., 202 Jackson Blvd. Av. Komaiko, S. B., 3149 W. 14th PI. Jacobsohn, Herman, 419 W. 63d Kompel, Morris, 155 N. Clark Jacobson, A. I., 398 La Salle Koretz, Leo, 4318 Grand Blvd. 25 340 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

Illinois Korshak, Max M., 18220 Kedzie Av. Levy, P., 6236 Wentworth Av. Kramer, Jos., 719 W. 67th Levy, Rabbi Felix A., 561 Melrose Kramer, Leo J., 5033 Prairie Av. Levy, Harry, 4838 Ashland Av. Kranz, H., 914 Ashland Blvd. Levy, Louis, 4422 Vincent Av. Kraus, Adolf, 4518 Drexel Blvd. Levy, Oscar, 3451 Douglas Blvd. Kraus, I., 2951 E. 92d Levy, Sam, 1540 Clybourn Av. Kreeger, M., 213 W. 63d Levy, Samuel, 4927 Calumet Av. Kretske, Bertha, 1229 S. Central Levy, Sylvanus Geo., 3238 Vernon Park Av. Av. Kromer, R., 1648 W. 12th Lewinsohn, Lewis, 222 E. 46th Krouch, G., 4952 Washington Park Lewinson, Dr. M., 3127 W. 12th PI. Lewis, H., 1749 W. Chicago Av. Kruchewsky, Dr. S., 1317 S. Hal- Lewis, Irwin P., 1246 Johnson sted Lewis, Roman G., 167 W. Washing- Kruger, H., 1719 Humboldt Blvd. ton Kulvinsky, M., 11312 Prairie Av. Lewy, Dr. Alfred, 6016 Stony Island Kulvlnsky, S., 4558 S. Ashland Av. Av. Kurz, Adolph, Standard Club Libstein, Max, 2304 Potomac Av. Lane, Dr. M. E., 3122 Logan Blvd. Lichtenstein, M., 4724 Fulton Lapinsky, Harry, 1419 N. Western Lieberman, Samuel, 634 W. Divi- Av. sion Lasker, Dr. Herman H., 3801 W. Liebling, Julius, 1519 W. 12th 12th Lipschltz, H. Lasker, Isidore, 90 S. Ashland Blvd. Lipshulch, Dr. Geo. N., 920 Ashland Lasker, Dr. Maurice, 1145 Ashland Blvd. Blvd. Lipsky, H., 1025 Lytle Lazer, S., 4005 Granshaw Lipsky, Harry A., 1430 Turner Av. Lebensohn, Dr. M., 712 Ashland Litvin, Dr. A., 1225 Milwaukee Av. Blvd. Livingston, Philip, 550 W. North Le Bosky, Jacob S., 2036 Le Moyne Av. Lebovitz, Herman J., 6311 S. Hal- Livshis, M., 3033 Logan Blvd. sted Loeb, P., 4355 Greenwood Av. Lebovitz, Hyman, 1400 S. Jefferson Loeb, Isaac A., loo N. Clark, Room Lebowitz, J. M., 8442 Green Bay 322 Lederer, H. W., 1942 West North Loeb, Jacob M., 5478 Greenwood Av. Loewenstein, Mrs. L., 4727 Michi- Levin, B., 6033 Union Av. gan Av. Levin, D., 224 W. 63d Lowenthal, B., 4715 Ellis Av. Levin, Ellis, 2124 Alice PI. Lubin, P., 3131 W. 14th PI. Levin, L., 713 Wells Lubinsky, Mrs. Goldie, 1029 W. 12th Levin, P., 1156 Hastings Lurie, Mrs. I. II., 6106 S. State Levin, R., 624 W. Division Lurie, J. J., 3409 26th Levin, Dr. Samuel A., 2101 W. Lurya, I., 3548 Douglas Blvd. Division Luster, Max, 1223 N. Hoyne Levin, Sam'I J., 110 S. State Lustgarten, S.. 601 N. 48th Levin, T., 711 W. 12th Lustig, O., 3410 S. Halsted Levine, B. M., 3454 Beach Av. Lyon, Mrs. Mark T., 5002 Drexel Levine, Rabbi Morris, 1725 Loomis Blvd. Le Vine, Dr. S. L., 3728 W. 12th Lyons, Mrs. Sam'l 1038 S. Win- Levlnkind, H., 3106 E. 92d chester Av. Levinsohn, J., 434 E. 43d Lypski, Alfred M., 601 W. 12th Levinson. Morris K., 831 W. Polk Maglands, H., 2201 Potomac Av. Levitin, D., 1008 N. Kedzie Malke, Jacob, 3653 Douglas Blvd. Leviton, Dr. A. H., 1237 S. Turner Malkin, Dr. M., 1259 W. 12th Av. Mandel. Mrs. Emanuel, 3400 Michi- Leviton, Dr. Henry, 1915 Evergreen gan Av. Av. Mandelson, SI., 1159 Madison Levy, Kev. A. R., 213 E. 48th Levy, Albert, 4628 Champlain Av. ManKowitz, Louis, 1305 N. Hovne Levy, Chas., 1421 N. Fairfleld Av. Mannheimer, Miss E., 1620 Slichi- Levy, David R., 4621 Michigan Av. gan Av. Levy, Emanuel, 4814 Calumet Av. Marblestone, L., 535 S. Franklin 20 Marcus, A., 20 W. Chicago Av. JEWISH PUBLICATION SOCIETY 341

Marcus, Chas. G., 3839 Vernon Av. Newman, Miss Freda, 907 Ashland Illinois Marcus, Isadore. 904 Schiller Bldg. Blvd. Marcus S., 1215 E. 47th Newman, Sam'l W., 1245 W. Chicago Margolis, A., 423 W. Division Av. Margolis, H. J., 1130 N. Ashland Newmann, Edw. H., 5749 Michigan Markowitz, M., 1329 N. Wood Av. Markowitz, Ph., 3226 Madison Niederman, M., 1306 N. Kedzie Av. Marks, L. H., 4331 Langley Av. Nierman, Etta, 1422 W. Polk Marks Nathan Home, 1243 N. Wood Novy, Dr. B. N., 810 W. 12th Markson, D. M., 2832 Warren Av. Nnta, Dr. M., 928 S. Halsted Matthews, H. F., 4259 W. Congress Osherman, M. E., 1030 S. Sanga- Mautner, S., 24 W. Washington mon Mayer, Mrs. Levy, American Trust Paradise, H. M., 1240 W. 64th Bldg. Paradise, M. A., 1628 S. Sawyer Menkin, Edward, 4937 Michigan Av. Av. Peres, Frederick, 109 45th Mesirow, Dr. E. B., 1441 Park Perlman, Israel B., 3351 Douglas Mesirow, Jos. B., 1512 N. Artisian Blvd. Av. Perlman, Jake, 1607 Wells Mesirow, W. H., 1300 Maplewood Perlove, Dr. A. J., 1217 S. Halsted Av. Perlstein, Moses, 1400 W. Taylor Messing, Dr. A. J., 4533 Michigan Pflaum, A. J., 153 La Salle Av. Phillips, Samuel, 6332 S. Green Metzenberg, Leopold, 5330 Green- Phillipson, Louis, 904 Ashland Blvd. wood Av. Pick, George, 4735 Kimbark Av. Meyer, Adolph, 1245 Milwaukee Av. Pierce, D., 10647 Hoxie Av. Meyers, N. B., 124 S. Canal Pincus, Samuel Z., 1506 Tribune Micon, Samuel, 903 W. 12th Bldg. Mildenberg, Max, 4817 Sheridan Rd. Pines, Geo. S., 4545 Vincennes Av. Miller, A., 1006 S. Paulina Platt, B. N., 1414 S. Albany Av. Miller, Albert, 839 Lowell PI. Platt, S. P., 1526 Albany Av. Miller, I., 1604 Oak Polokow, Louis M., 3159 W. 12th Miller, Dr. Louis, 1624 W. Taylor Polokow, Maurice, 3708 Douglas Miller, O.. 1106 S. Halsted Blvd. Minchin, H., 2607 Milwaukee Av. Price, Jos. S., 4955 Michigan Av. Minck, Herman, 2558 Potomac Av. Quasser, Julius H., 2400 N. Kedzie Minck. Louis, 904 Schiller Bldg. Blvd. Mindlin, Dr. Albert, 1546 W. 12th Rabinowitz, Sol., 836 S. Paulina Mindlin, Dr. B., 1301 N. Western Racine, Geo., 636 N. Ashland Av. Av. Raemer, M., 1245 Milwaukee Av. Mogoolski, A. B., 2503 Kedzie Blvd. Rappaport, Rev. Julius, 2128 Crys- Morris, Benj. I.. 1458 W. Taylor tal Morris, E. L., 1482 Clybourn Av. Redner, A. 1417 Milwaukee Av. Morris, Harry, 3343 W. 12th Reinhart, Dr. Maurice, 1228 S. Hal- Morris, Louis, 1247 S. Homan Av. sted Morris, Louis, 1021 Ashland Blvd. Reisman, J., 1000 Loomls Morton, M., 1552 S. Turner Av. Rest, A., 732 Maxwell Moses, Adolph, 4139 Drexel Blvd. Richman, Sam'l, 1402 Johnson Mossier. E. I., 3444 Janssen Av. Richter, Simon, 2120 State Mount Zion Liquor House, 1125 Blue Rightman, Dr. S. M., 849 W. 12th Island Av. Ringer, Jacob, Ft. Dearborn Bldg. Muchnic, Dr. A. M., 2908 W. Nortb Av. Ringer, Wm, 146 W. Van Buren Nachman, Isadore A., 225 E. 60th Riskind, J., 8824 Commercial Av. Naftalin, T. H., 3132 S. Morgan Rissman Bros., 1119 W. 12th Nastir, Harry A., 1113 S. Halsted Rittenberg, Mrs. Wm., 4723 State Nathan, T., 1409 E. 62d Robenstein, Dr. H., 1618 W. 12th Natkin, Isidor, 3044 Jackson Blvd. Robineau, Jos. F., 7256 Yale Av. Neumark, B., 1458 Blum Robins, Max, 821 S. Winchester Neveleff, Sam'l, 1610 W. 12th Rodgers, Leon J., 1525 Park Newman, A. B., Standard Club Roesing, J. G.. 1301 N. Western Av. Newman, A. J., 1257 N. Western Av. Rolnick, M., 536 W. Division 27 342 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

Illinois Romberg, Mrs. Edw., 2213 Calumet Schachter, Dr. J., 1535 W. North Av. Av. Rose, Louis W., 105 W. Monroe Sehaffer, Arthur B., 3959 Ellis Av. Roseman, Isaac, 3357 W. 15th Kehaffer. Isaac, 1389 Milwaukee Av. Roseman, Sam'l, 1620 Homan Av. Schaffer, M., 1937 Madison Uosen, I., 638 N. Clark Schatfner, Daniel J., 2035 Evergreen Rosen, Dr. .1. G., 1448 W. 12t.h Av. Rosen, S., 671 La Salle Av. Sclianfarber, Rev. T., 4049 Grand Rosen, Snm, 2005 K. 16th I'.lvd. Rosen, Sam, 1117 S. Central Pk. Schetnitz, Sam., 555 N. 48th Av. Av. Rchiff, Albert, 1111 W. 61st Rosenbaum, Joseph, Auditorium Pchiff. B. J., 614 Ashland Blvd Annex Schiff, Chas., 6441 Stewart Av. Rosenbaum. Walter, 417 Postal Sehiff, S. B., 1031 S. Winchester Telegraph Bldg. Av. Rosenberg, Mrs. Julius, 3754 Michi- Schiff, Samuel, 6242 Wentworth gan Av. Av. Rosenberg, Louis, 2704 Evergreen Schlesinger, Louis, 1744 W. Divi- Av. sion Rosenblatt, S. J.. 3513 Douglas Blvd. Schllman, Benj., 5414 Cornell Av. Rosenblum, Dr. S., 1364 N. Robey Schloessinger, Henry J., 410 S. Rosenblutt, L., 5427 Calumet Av. Clark Rosenfeld, EL, 1311 N. Western Av. Schoenbrod, Nathan, 1403 Park Rosenfeld. Mrs. M., 4900 Ellis Av. Schoolman, Dr. H. M., 1426 Mil- Rosenfield, L., 174 Randolph waukee Av. Rosenstein, M., 6326 S. Ashland Schoolman, Dr. Noah, 1616 W. 12th Av. Schor, I., 1031 Blue Island Av. Rosenthal, Harry, 1230 Central Schrager, Dr. V. L., 1620 W. 12th Park Av. Schur, Herman, 921 Buena Av. Rosenthal, James, 1225 Blue Island Schwartz, Dr. M. D., 2328 Mil- Av. waukee Av. Rosenthal, James, 4801 Lake Av. Seeberg, Jacob, 341 E. 115th Rosenwald, M. S., 4907 Grand Blvd. Seelenfreund, A. B., 1248 Tribune Rosenzweig, Dr. Geo. K., 919 W. Bldg. 12th Segal, A., 607 Wells Rosenzweig, Hyman, 1055 W. 61st Segal, Henry, 5822 Prairie Av. Rosenzweig, Dr. I. M., 1217 Taylor Segal, S., 746 Wells Rosenzweig, Ira, 4323 Vernon Av. Segil, L. J., 3310 Lincoln Av. Ross, Sam, 1313 N. Oakley Av. Selig, Louis C, 1657 S. Troy Rossonsky, W., 4620 S. Ashland Av. Selig, Sidney H., 5645 Prairie Av. Rothblum, Nettie, 4414 Sheridan Selig, Sigmund, 849 Grace Rd. Selz. Morris, 1717 Michigan Av. Rothstein, Jos., 3243 Greenshaw Sentinel Publishing Co., 810 Ft. Ruben, Chas., 3022 Archer Av. Dearborn Rubenstein, H.. 1137 S. Halsted Shabad, Henry M., 4041 Indiana Ruekberg, Benj. P.. 356 E. 60th Av. Sabel, Solomon, 6847 S. Halsted ShafCner, Mrs. Chas., 1026 E. 49th Sachar, Ch. Shapora, Chas. M., 1502 N. Kedzie Sachs, L. A., 3131 Lincoln Av. Av. Salamon, Wm. E., 4635 Michigan Shapera, Frank, 5418 Ashland Av. Shapera, Morris L., 815 S. Winthrop Salmon, M., 3700 S. Halsted Ct. Saltlel, Leopold. 913 Sheridan Rd. Shapera, William H., 3317 Beach Saltzman, M., 903 S. Marshfleld Av. Av. Saltzman, Samuel, 903 S. Marah- Shapinsky, Dr. J. T., 572 W. 12th fleld Av. Shapiro, Miss G., 1255 S. Lawndale Samuels, Benjamin, 6225 Drexel Av. Av. Samuelson, Frank, 1002 Blue Island Shapiro, Dr. H. B., 933 S. Win- Av. chester Av. Sandbach, Samuel, 3260 Ogden Av. Shapiro, I., 1127 Blue Island Av. Sander, Jacob, 5326 Prairie Av. Shapiro, Jacob F., 3710 W. 13th Sax, M., & Co., 3050 E. 92d Shapiro, R. A., 1459 W. Taylor 28 JEWISH PUBLICATION SOCIETY 343

Shaudinisky, B. & Co., 1758 Jack- Stein, Samuel, 372 S. Halsted niinoig son Blvd. Steiner, John J., 1577 Milwaukee Sheff, Harry, 1459 W. 47th Av. Shere, Dr. Alex. A., 1009 S. Hal- Stengel, Jacob, 621 W. 62d sted Sterling, Louis Shiller, A., 223 N. 49th Stern, David, 1047 W. Madison Av. Shiller, Harry, 4849 Pulton Stern, H. B., 3604 Prairie Av. Shless, Dr. A. L., 1237 S. Halsted Stern, M., 448 W. North Av. Shlutz, H., 1140 N. Taylor Stern, Max, 4732 Grand Blvd. Shulman, A. Mordecai, 808 Win- Sternberg Bros., 833 S. Winchester throp Court Av. Shulman, M., 1108 Ashland Block Stol, Dr. Sebastian, 1620 W. 12th Shure, B., 620 W. 12th Stolintzky, J. M., 1620 W. 12th Shure, Nathan, 220 Madison Stolz, Rev. Dr. Joseph, 4827 Lang- Shutan, Elias, 4942 Washington Pk. ley Av. Stone, Mrs. Julius, 4429 Berkeley Sider, Chas. D., 1423 Turner Av. Av. Slder, H., 1309 Blue Island Av. Stone, Peter, 724 S. Winchester Av. Sider, Julius M., 2916 S. State Straus, Leo, 2955 Prairie Av. Siegan, Joseph, 641 W. North Av. Straus, Meyer L., 728 W. Madison Siegel, Sam., 6444 Union Av. Straus, Simeon, 3943 Ellis Av. Silber, Rabbi Saul, 729 S. Ashland Straus, Simon, 3440 Michigan Av. Silverberg, Dr. Geo. M., 4759 Win- Stumer, Louis M., 4404 Grand Blvd. throp Av. Sultan, Dr. Geo., 1314 S. Halsted Silverman, Anna, 1047 N. Robey Sultan, H. A., 3249 Lincoln Av. Simon, Chas .1., 3020 E. 92d Sulzberger, Sol. L., 4404 Michigan Simon, H., 3761 Vernon Av. Simon, Henry, 6514 Normal Blvd. Sumner, S. J., 1239 S. Avers Av. Simon, S. J., 11338 Michigan Av. Switton, Dr. Max, Orthodox Jewish Singer, Dr. J. I., 1160 Van Buren Home, Albany and Ogden Avs. Sissman, Peter, 30 N. La Salle Taub, Joseph, 1437 S. Spaulding Av. Sissman, Philip, 6443 Green Teichtman, H., 107 E. 58th Slawitsky, S. T., 4721 Calumet Av. Thorek, Dr. Max, 901 W. 12th Sloan, Nathan, 3612 W. Polk Ticktin, Chas., 6443 Green Smith, J. I., 1567 S. K'edzie Av. Treiber, Benj., 3144 Lincoln Av. Smith, Meyer M., 580 E. 115th Turk, Louis, 1310 N. Hoyne Av. Soboroff, Dr. S. H., 1300 N. Maple- Van Gelder, M., 2231 W. Madison wood Av. Waiss, H., 1430 W. 12th Solomon, Mrs. Hannah G., 4406 Wald, Benedict, 1445 E. 55th Michigan Av. Waldblott, E. S., 4149 Sheridan Rd. Solon, Moses, 2534 Division Waldbott, Camille, 707 Wellington Sonnenschein, Edw., 4625 Calumet Av. Av. Wallerstein, Harry, 1022 W. 12th Sonnenschein, Dr. Robert, 4744 Av. Prairie Av. Wechsler, I., 8842 Commercial Av. Sopkin, Isidor, 1843 W. Madison Wechsler, Samuel B., 411 St. Louis South Chicago Literary Society Av. Spatz, Dr. Maximilian, 1015 S. Weil, Alex, 2221 Cortland Western Av. Weil, Dr. H. N., 1324 N. Claremont Spiesberger, H. T., 4816 Porrestville Av. Av. Weil, Julius E., 4921 Ellis Av. Spira, Henry, 3524 W. 26th Weil, Morris, 3843 Michigan Av. Spivack, John, 1415 Centre Av. Weil, Theodore, 4620 Ellis Av. Stangle, Sam., 6410 Sangamon Weinberg, Morris A., 5126 Prairie Stark, J., 8844 Commercial Av. Av. Stein, A., 720 S. Paulina Weinberger, Abraham H., 1742 W. Stein, Adolph, 4927 Lake Av. Division Stein, B., 39 State Weinstein, Dr. J., 3553 W. 12th Stein, Bella, 5221 Michigan Av. Weintraub, Dr. J. B., 5613 Prairie Stein, Israel, 17r,3 W. North Av. Av. Stein. M. J., 1136 American Trust Weis, Berthold, 1333 S. Central Bldg. Pk. Av. 29 344 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

Illinois Weiss, A., 10714 Torrence Av. Epstein, Mrs. B. J., 408 W. Main Weissenbach, Joseph, 1026 Tribune Goldberg, Sam., 925 N. Vermilion Bldg. Landauer, Dr. S. L., 503 The Temple Weisz, Alex., 2104 Humboldt Blvd. Straus, Mrs. Jules, 440 N. Ver- Weisz, Dr. D. I., 1403 N. Artesian milion Ay. Strauss, Rio, care of Reis & Strauss Welcher, Dr. D. M., 2001 W. Divi- Co. sion Strouse, Isaac, 5 E. Williams Wexberg, Emil N., 3322 N. Ashland Zepin, Sam'l, 126 Logan Av. Av. Wexberg, Wm. V., 1411 Milwaukee Decatur Av. Wexler, Harry G. Bacharach, Dr. Benj., 731 W. North Whiteman, Albert, 2024 W. Division Bacharaeh, Louis L., 722 W. Wood Wiener, Dr. Samuel, 720 W. 12th Maienthal, Dr. B. L., 301 Powers Wineberg, Isidore, 1210 S. Union Av. Bldg. Wineberg, Sol., 1258 W. 14th Rosenberg, W., 135 E. Decatur Wlnsberg, George, 1365 La Salle Av. East St. Louis Witkowsky, Mrs. C, 2802 Prairie Angleman, R. J., 121 Collinsville Av. Av. Beck, Jacob Witkowsky, D., 4942 Vincennes Av. Bernard, Helen I., 442 Brighton PI. Wittelle, Max F., 141 N. 52d Esserman, M., 437 Collinsville Av. Wolf, Benj., 139 N. Clark Felsen, L., 743 Collinsville Av. Wolf. Henry M., The Winamae, Gordon, B., 4812 Delmar Av. Ellis and Oakwood Avs. Hurwitz, I. R., 202 Murphy Bldg. Wolf. Isaac. 47th and Laflin Hurwitz, Meyer, 557 N. 19th Wolf, Dr. Louis H., 548 W. Divi- Lassen, A., 411 St. Louis Av. sion. Lieberstein, I., 632 N. 7th Wolfson. A., 1813 S. Spaulding Av. Pattiz, Isadore. 204 St. Charles Av. Wolin, Benjamin, 2223 Kedzie Blvd. Pattiz, J., 719 N. 1st Wolson, Dr. A. M., 919 W. 12th Yegersky, Abe, 1214 Union Elgin Zar, I., 2113 La Moyne Ableman, M., 153 Douglas Av. Zeitlin, Abram Z.. 1124 S. Morgan Brenner, I., 10 Douglas Av. Zemans, D. M.. 445 E. 50th Miller, Mrs. I. B., 890 Douglas Av. Zipperman, Dr. S. W., 1346 S. Hal- Osmansky, I., 155 Douglas Av. sted Strickman, A. J., 126 Brook Ziv. Louis, 411 Reaper Block Zoline, Elijah N.. Hotel Del Frado Zollne, Dr. N. J., 1310 S. Albany Evanston Av. Brill. S. D., 806 Davis Zuckerman, Wm., 5618% Drexel Freedman, A., 1939 Jackson Av. Karger, Irving, 812 Davis Clinton Meisner, J., 1226 Sherman Av. Schaefer, Cuthbert, 1115 Church SPECIAL MEMBER Sumansky. A., 806 Davis Berkson, Wm. Tobias, Elias, 623 Davis ANNUAL MEMBERS Pantle, Morris Galesburg Henoche, Henry SPECIAL MEMBER Tick, Jacob Halper, D. C, 530 Clark Danville ANNUAL MEMBERS SPECIAL MEMBERS Friedman, I. D., 329 E. Main Louis, Mrs. I. H., 105 Gilbert Frohlich, Solomon Meis, Alphonse, 1316 N. Vermilion Mack. Max J. Plant, A. E., 419 N. Walnut Nlrdllnger, Sidney ANNUAL MEMBERS Barnard, M., 314 N. Gilbert Johnston City Coleman, B. B., 206 E. Main Friedman, Sam 30 JEWISH PUBLICATION SOCIETY 345

Joliet Weiss, Herman F., 807 Perry Av. Illinois Berger, S., 210 Jefferson Weiss, Nathan H., 410 Knoxville Wolfner, W. F., 205 Moss Av. Kankakee Adelman, Joe, 79 East Av. Petersburg Birk, Morris, 120 Greenwood Av. Kahn, Julius M. Block, Nathan, 127 Chicago AT. Katzenstein Bros. Cohn, E. I., 242 Court Evelove, A., 103 Evergreen Av. Quincy Perlman, L., 127 Greenwood Av. Goldburg, B., 1230 N. 5th Hausman, J., 320 S. 14th Lincoln Kattler, B., 509 Hampshire Kessell, Chas., 517% Hampshire SPECIAL MEMBERS Meyer, Ben, 238 W. 18th Atlass, Frank, 325 Logan Procras, Frank. 614 Hampshire Greisheim, M. Rosenheim, C. M., 1248 Park PI. Schimmel, M., 637 Hampshire ANNUAL MEMBERS Schwartz, Jacob, 228 W. 5th Kahn, Bros., 412 S. Chicago Vasen, B. G., 918 W. 5th Lehrberger, L. Plaut, S. M., 503 Kickapor Riverside Traub, Henry Cohn, Adolph Moline Rosenstein, L. Rockford Sklovsky, Max, 624 10th Epstein, A., 307 N. Madison Goldman, David, 503 S. 2d Oak Park Krause, Jacob H., 519 E. State Herman, Adolph, 1402 S. Oak Park Pizer, D., 403 E. State Av. Scher, S., 730 N. Church Jacobi, H. S., 312 S. Scoville Av. Shanhouse, Chas., 1035 Haskell Av. Fekin Rock Island Rosenberg, Frank LIBRARY MEMBEK Rosenfleld, Chas. D., 506 Best Bldg. Peoria SPECIAL MEMBERS ANNUAL MEMBERS Straus, E. A., 118 Maplewood Baker, S., 2801 7th Av. Szold, Jacob, 515 George Frank, William, 2312 4th Av. Goldman, Rev. M. A., 1123 3d Av. ANNUAL MEMBERS Morris, Henry, 2327 7th Av. Anshai Emeth Sabbath School, care Morris, M. I., 2302 4th Av. of Rabbi C. S. Levy, Hotel Fey Silverman, Tillie, 420 27th Frankel, Harry, 704 7th Frankel, Julius, 509 5th Springfield Friedlob, Eli, 105 S. Adams Appel, A., 720 S. Pasfleld Friedman, D. S., 1200 N. Washing- Bank, Dr. J., Myers Bldg. ton Barker, Abe, 704 N. 5th Greenhut, J. B., 148 High Davis, Sam, 1004 S. Walnut Grossman, Max, 320 Fayette Dorman, Jake, 711 E. Washington Heller, Sam'l, 318 N. Madison Av. Eckstein, Michael, 627 N. 7th Horwitz, Dr. S., 401 Bouriand Gingold, I., 1107 E. Washington Jacobson, A., 220 Crescent Lilienstein, E., 801 S. Walnut Klein, Rabbi Jacob, 502 Fisher Morris, M., 1411 E. Capitol Av. Levi, Rabbi Charles S.. Hotel Fey Mund, Carl. 1324 E. Washington Levinson, Isaac J., 910 N. Madison Myers, Albert, 811 S. 7th Pollak, Samuel, 513 5th Av. Myers, Louis M., 1115 S. 7th Szold, Joseph, 2418 S. Adams Roberts, Louis, 929 N. 8th Ullman, Morris D., 612 Morton Salzenstein, A., 718 E. Cass 31 346 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

Illinois Salzenstein, E., 314 E. Washington Waukegan Samuels, L. X, 516 S. 8th SPECIAL MEMBER Stein, Meyer, 703 E. Washington Schwartz, S., 838 N. Sheridan Rd. ANNDAL MEMBERS Taylorville Eisenberg, Sam., 906 10th SPECIAL MEMBER Kalonsky, Dr. M. J. Frisch, Henry Kubelsky, M., 518 Clyton Rubin, A. M. Rubin, M. H., 610 Julian TJrbana Coffman, M. L. Winnetka Cohen, Nat. H. & Son, 607 W. Eley Eisendrath, Sam J., cor. Ash and Lowenstern, M. Cedar Spiegel, Mrs. J.

Indiana INDIANA Anderson Ichenhauser, S. L., 1241 1st Ichenhauser. Silas, 440 Chandler Glazes, Wm., 515 E. 8th Jacobs, M., 907 Canal Morgenroth, Abe., 413 W. 8th Joseph, Edgar L., 536 Grant Kahn, Isidor, 310 Jefferson Av. Attica Klein, Wm., 98 Lincoln Av. Levor, Mrs. Levi S. Klyman Bros., 106 Main Levy, Henry, 014 Powell Av. Bluffton Mannheimer, B., 1018 Upper 2d Levenson, Ben Newman, E. J., 533 Grant Parnes, B., 1115 W. Franklin East Chicago Raodin, Dr. M.. 426 Grant Cohen, Sam., 4734 Olcott Raphael, D.. 522 Division Cnhn, David. 4716 Olcott Ringolsky, Dave. 715 Upper 9th Rosenthal, I., 1415 Upner 2d Given, Albert. 502 Chicago Av. Sabel, Hyman. 1019 W. Franklin Goldberger, Dr. S. M., First Nat. Schultz, Abe. 1221 Upper 8th Bank Bids. Trockman, Heiman, 1015 Lincoln Nassau, Chas., 800 Chicago Av. Av. Weil. Emil, 1100 Powell Av. Elkhart Wolf, Nathan, 321 4th Horwich, Philip, 927 Marion Richman, I., 424 S. Main Fort Wayne Ackerman, S., Bank of Wayne Evansville Berman, Harry, 1324 W. Jefferson Adler, Hiram J., 1016 Upper 6th Clark, Ralph, 819 Fail-field Av. Barnett, Moses, 532 Elliott Dessauer, M. E., 924 W. Wayne Belgrade Bros., 1114 Chestnut Field, Sam'l N., 806 Barr Bernstein, David S., 1511 Upper 2d Fishman. David, 1408 Calhoun Bitterman, Adolph, 204 Main Frank, Marx, Franks D. G. Store Bloom, Williams, 907 Canal Frash, David. 339 E. Washington Eichel, Leslie P., 827 1st Freiburger, Herman. 825 W. Wayne Eichel, Dr. Sidney .1., ."21 Upper 3d Freiburger, Leop., 327 W. Berry Fishman. Myer, 1116 Chestnut Latker, L., 609 Calhoun Frank, Alfred, care of Edelman Dist. Lehman. Isidor, 720 W. Wayne Co. Levy, Abe, 913 Clay Fuchs, Israel. 422 Unner 4th Levy, Ben. 915 W. Berry Grossbaum. M.. 411 Main Minsky, Abe, White Apt. Flat 11 Hamburg, I., 1701 Main Nathan. Julius, Anthony Hotel Heimann, David. Jr.. 1004 Upper 3d Rice, Rev. William, 819 Fairfield Heimann, Dr. Leopold, 401 Chandler Av. Av. Rothschild, Aaron, 702 W. Wayne Horn, Ellas, 715 Cherry Rothschild, Jos. S., 228 W. Berry 32 JEWISH PUBLICATION SOCIETY 347

Schiftnan. Abe, 940 E. Wayne Goshen Indiana Seelberg, Edmund, 827 W. Wayne Kaatz, A. Sheyer, H., 521 Washington Av. SUefel, Louis, 1237 W. Wayne Kramer. Joe, 127 S. Main Sunshine, Jacob, 814 Barr Lewis, Sam. Wartell, B., 1217 Webster Salinger, Harry Wiener, C. M., 722 Wildwood Av. Salinger, N. Wolf, Sam, 323 W. Berry Simon, Louis Young, C., 1019 Master Zweig, Sam'l, 1218 Lafayette Hammond Cohn, Abe I., 169 Indiana Av. Evans, H., 54 Plummer Av. Gary Friedman, Jacob, 154 Clinton Goldstein, Isadorp, 568 S. Homan SPECIAL MEMBERS Grossman, Sol., 59 State Feder, Wm., Jackson and 8th Av. Katz, Jacob, 34 154th PI., West Gould, I. Leon, 202 Reynolds Bldg. Hammond Lauman, Howard S., 576 Madison Silver, Sam, 177 State Av. Stieglitz, Wm., 107 Douglas Mekatlnsky, L., 808 Van Buren Trice, Henry C, 7th and B'way Indiana Harbor Ruman, Isaac, 800 Madison Asersohn, Hyman, 3407 Michigan Schlessinger, Wm., 1112 Broadway Av. Winter, M. M., Gary Hotel Goldman. Ben., 3402 Michigan Av. Marcovich, Wolf, 3714 Cedar ANNUAL MEMBEES Sterling, Louis. 3417 Fir Teitelman, Jacob, 3521 Elm Asher, Louis. 1201 Washington Bernstein, Max, 1412 Broadway Indianapolis Dearbeyne, Arden, Victoria Hotel Permann, J. W.. 1715 Broadway SPECIAL MEMBERS Frankel, S., 1230 Broadway Borinstein, Louis J., 2227 North Freiman, S., 1537 Broadway Meridian Fuerst, A. H., 620 Adams Kahn, Edward A., 2108 N. New Glaser, Paul P., Gary Bldg. Jprsev Goldman, Morris. 1350 Broadway Kahn. Leo. 5 The Vendome Goodman, L., 653 Broadway Mendias. C. 721 N. Dnlner Gordon, Louis, 1615 Broadway Rosonthal. A. M.. 1918 N. Meridian Gottlieb, Louis I., 690 Broadway Rosner, Henry, 539 S. Illinois Kahan, Morris, 686 Broadway Kahn, Ralph H., 17th and Broad- way ANNUAL MEMBEIJS Koltinsky. Max, 653 Broadway Aronson, Leopold, 1136 Park Av. Kramer, Ignatz, 622 Adams Auerbach. Morris A.. 1033 Union Lang, Max A., Boston Store Bamberger, Ralph, 706 Stevenson Levy, A., 2d floor, 7th and Broad- Bids. way Blieden. Jos. C. 722 Union Lieberman, D. Morris, 2105 Broad- Bloom. Mrs. Henry. 333 N. Noble way Brill, Henry. 620 E. Market Lypski, Frank, 173 Broadway Brown, B., 1315 N. Alabama Maillis, Frank. 1651 Broadway Cohen, S. T.. 215 E. Walnut Mekatinsky, Philip, 1321 Washing- Courlander, D., 2341 N. New Jersey ton Davis. Lawrence B., 808 Majestic Morris, Jos., 1131 Adams Bldg. Morris. Louis, 111 W. 6th Efroymson, G. A.. 2036 N. Delaware Nusbaum, M., Broadway and 6th Efroymson, Meyer, 2207 N. Pennsyl- Pretz, Leo, 1404 Broadway vania Propper, Dr. I. J., Victoria Hotel Erdman, Dr. Bernhard, 432 Newton Shararsky, H. P., 542 Broadway Claypool Bldg. Stine. Jacob, 1238 Broadway Ettinger, Leo, 510 Indiana Av. Zeliska, J., 7th Av. and Broadway Feibleman, Isidore, 1309 N. Ala- Zimet, Wm., 689 Broadway bama 33 348 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

Indiana Feuerlicht, Rev. M. M., 2147 N. ANNUAL MEMBERS Meridian Cohen, Morris, 6th and Spring Pishbein. B., 302 Commercial Bldg Dreidel, M. E., 118 8th Fox, S. B., 1106 S. East Hassan, W. B., 1128 Spring Frieberg, Ben., 1620 Broadway Friedman, D. B. L., 704 S. Illinois Goodman, Jos. P., 2227 N. Alabama Kokomo Gordon, Max, 119 W. Walnut SPECIAL MEMBER Greenberg, Morris, 2549 N. New Levi, J. S. Jersey Greenwald, Sam., 932 Belifontain Grossman, Jacob, 614 S. Meridian ANNUAL MEMBERS Halpern, Isaac, 2065 N. Alabama Hutner, H. Hartman, Rev. J., 115 W. McCarty Klein, J. M., & Bro., 1217 W. Syca- Helstein, S. P., 2236 N. Meridian more Horowitz, M., 1020 N. Alabama Schnerwood, J., 412 W. Sycamore Indiana State Library, 47 State House Lafayette Indianapolis Hebrew Congregation, Bercovitz, C. D., 644 Main 1847 Talbott Av. Berlovitz, J., 57 South Jaffe, Morris S., 936 S. Capitol Brodsky, Eli, 1738 Everett Jewish Federation of Indianapolis, Ellison, Rabbi M., 119 S. 17th 821 Meridian Preedman, M., 517 N. 9th Kiser, Sol. S., 306 Indiana Trust Goshkin, Morris, 117 S. 17th Bldg. King, Simon, 525 N. 7th Koby, S., 330 Blackford Mayerstein, Albert A., 014 N. 8tn Koor, Harry L., 1111 Maple Pearlman, Dr. S., 112 7th Lapinska, Dr. L. W., 2453 W. Penn Public Library Levine, Jacob, 2315 N. New Jersey Mantel, Emil, 716 N. New Jersey Rosenthal, H., cor. 6th and Brown Messing, Rev. M., 523 N. Delaware Singer, Jacob, 1727 E. Main Meyer, Harmon, 2345 N. New Jersey Zinkin, Rev. Arthur A., 1014 Colum- Moyer, Ben, 2446 N. New Jersey bia Nerenberg Bros., 826 N. Illinois Neuberger, Louis, Columbia Club Iiigonier Bldg. SPECIAL MEMBER Neustadt, Rabbi I. E., 714 S. Illi- Straus, Jacob nois Newman, Herman, 404 W. Michigan Nier, Isaac P., 1614 Parr ANNUAL MEMBERS Rauh, S. E., 3020 N. Meridian Straus, Mrs. S. J. Rothschild, A., 13 0 W. Maryland Straus, Simon J. Salinger, B. I., 2214 N. New Jersey Schneiderman, Abie, 2146 Talbott Xogansport Av. Schwartz, Louis, 1118 Park Av. Hecht, Jordon, 724 High Selig, Jules A., 2153 N. Alabama Herz, Jacob, 1006 Broadway Selig, Moses, cor 21st and Delaware Simon, M. N., 23 W. 26th Marion Stern, Dr. Nathan, 418 E. 19th Thorsch, Hugo. 1926 N. Alabama SPECIAL MEMBER. Trotcky, S., 1729 Howard Whitman, S. B., 21 N. Illinois Plost, Isaac Wlneman, Joseph, 2037 N. Dela- ware Av. ANNUAL MEMBERS Witt, Dr. L., 712 S. Illinois Blumenthal, D. H. Wolf, Louis, 1901 N. Meridian Hutner, S. Marks, Lewis S. Jeffersonville Rosenbaum, Albert SPIXIAL MEMBER Savisky, Mrs. Mark, S. Block Sweitow, M., 123 E. Chestnut Weinberger, Mrs. I., 416 W. 2d 34 JEWISH PUBLICATION SOCIETY 349

Michigan City ANNUAL MEMBERS Indiana LIBHARY MEMBER Alexander. Louis, 133 S. Laurel Moritz, B., 414 Washington Altfleld, Rev. M. E., 525 W. Divi- sion Gllman, M., 416 S. Chapin ANNUAL MEMBERS Goldberg, I., 906 W. Thomas Moritz, M.. 602 Spring Goldberg. L.. 814 S. Michigan Peal, Louis, 422 E. 7th Greenblatt, H.. 232 S. Michigan Rubin, M., W. 18th Moore, Leo, 418 S. Chapin Simon, S. Nemeth, D. D., 136 S. Chapin Spiro, Fred., 513 Franklin Schapir, E. A. Stein, L. J., 813 Spring Stein, L. M., 1306 W. Washington Mount Vernon Summitville Jarodzski, Max Warner, Wm., & Sons Rosenbaum, Herman Rosenbaum, Mrs. Jacob Terre Haute SPECIAL MEMBER Muncie Herz, A., 309 S. 6th Cohn, Samuel, 902 W. Charles Feinberg, Abe, 405 W. Howard ANNUAL MEMBERS Hene, M., 709 W. Adams Berkowitz, Elias, 426 S. 4th Roberts, G., 613 W. Jackson Braun, Louis, 422 S. 5th Rosenbloom & Gallant, 425 S. Wal- Cohen, Harry W.. 632 Walnut nut Frank, Theo. S., 912 S. 6th Schotifleld, Louis, 711 W. Howard Goldman, D.. 218 Main Schwartz, S. Goldstein, S. J., 532 S. 4th Silverburg, Mrs. A. C, 604 W. Lederer, Julius, 718 Crawford Charles Leipziger, Rev. Emil W., 219 S. 5th Levi, Simon, 667 Mnlborry New Albany Levin, Morris L., 227 Kent Av. Saplnsky, Jacob, 710 E. Spring Rubin, Hyman, 2111 Poplar Rubin, N. M., 118 N. 5th Orleans Strouse. Jonas, 706 S. loth Cohen, Bennett Talmage, L. Curtis, 829 S. 6th Werbnpr, Isaac. 829 S. 4th Peru Wolf, Mrs. Carl, 925 S. 5th Baer, Barney. 11 Court Vincennes Flox. S., 72 W. 7th Gimbel, Jake Groff. S., 62 S. Broadway Kuhn, I. B. Kessel, Abe, 175 W. 8th Lyons, Sam., 505 Broadway Olevitch, Abe, 113 S. 4th Princeton Rindskopf, M. Goldberg, M. L. Silverman, Eli, 515 N. 10th Goldberg, Philip, 414 S. Prince Schwartz, M. Wabash Alexander, H. L. South Bend Cook, Mole, 277 N. Wabash Mandelbaum, A., 326 E. Hill SPECIAL MEMBER Schwartz, Joe, Wabash and Canal Spiro, Samuel, 119 S. Michigan Solinger, Max B., 30 W. Canal

IOWA Iowa Albia Strasburger, Joe Cohen, Charles, 310 3d Av., E. Ver Veer, Emanuel C, 222 Washing- Gendler, Morris, 304 B Av., W. ton Av., E. 35 350 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

Iowa Burlington Brody, A., 670 W. 14th Bronstein, Louis, 323 Locust Dicker, Mike, 116 W. 3d Cohen, Ben, 1351 E. Walnut Hirsch, Henry, 605 S. Central Cohen, L. H., 916 Penn Av. Naman, Hyman, 1416 S. Main Cohen, M. H., 1119 Capitol Av. Waxenberg, Harry, 123 S. Main Cohen, O., 909 W. Walnut Davidson, Jacob, 1410 W. 7th Cedar Rapids Davidson, Louis, 1934 Arlington Av. Solomon Oscar Denelsky, T., 115 W. Walnut Engleman, S., P. O. Box 4 Conterville Fink, A., 750 11th Bernstein, W. Frankel, Mrs. B., 219 37th Berstein, L., 651 N. Main Frledlich, Abraham, 1803 W. Grand Chapman, H., 1223 S. 18th Av. Frankel, J. J. Friedman, M. M., 1405 W. 7th Goldstein, Abe Ginsberg, L., 905 5th Rosenbaum, Sam B. Goldman, M. D., 2843 Cottage Grove Rosenbaum, Sol Salincer, Lewis Goldstein, Rev. N., 322 V, E. 7th Strelchman, S. Goldstein, Miss R.. 322% E. 7th Goldstein, S., 124 E. 9th Clinton Gottstein, Joe, 723 E. 5th Gutmann, Isaac, 108 6th Av. Klein, Harry, care of Royal Cloak Hirsh, Ike, 683 33d Co. Israly Bros., 733 E. Walnut Solomon, A. F., 118 S. 2d Jacobson, Ben L., 814 School Koplowitz, Rabbi Isidore, 1239 W. Council Bluffs 7th Bernstein, M., 316 W. Broadway Kramer, I. N., 1130 6th Av. Hochman, O., 918 6th Av. Kroll, Sol, 1315 10th Av. Kulesh, H. 1ST., 330 W. Broadway Leener, A., 935 W. 3d Rosenfeld, Jos. E., 408 S. 8th Levich, Jacob, 519 Franklin Av. Rosenfeld, Julius, 222 S. 7th Levich, Mose, 947 W. 5th Simon, Louis, 630 W. Washington Levinson, S., 644 20th Av. Levitt, A. W., 305 1. L. & S. Bldg. Levitt, J., 922 W. 5th Davenport Mannhelmer, Rabbt Eugene, Hotel SPECIAL MEMBER Victoria Adler, E. P., 629 E. 14th Marks, R.. 1036 6th Av. Meyer, William. 687 32d Neuderman. Sol. ANNUAL MEMBERS Opinham, Sam, 716 W. Grand Av. Comenitz, B. S., 1412 W. 7th Posner, Dr. E. R., 201 Victoria Hotel Isenberg, M., 323 W. 3d Press, Dr. H. B., 1307 Penn Av. Liberman, Ben, 613 W. 6th Redstone, Irving, 1605 High Loewienstein, Rabbi G. H., 1317 Robinson, L., 911 3d Main Rosenbaum, C. H., N. E. cor. 3d & Petprsberger, Isaac. 222 Law Bldg School Scudder, M., 422 Western Av. Rothschild, A., 307 E. 5th Silberstein, Max, 216 W. 2d Sachs, Jacob, 648 19th Sherman, A. E., 1004 W. 3d Decorah Shloss. M., 1623 Woodland Av. Slegel Bros., 320y, E. 7th SPECIAL MEMBER Silberman, C, 1047 E. 7th Bear, Ben Sorokin, Joe, 851 W. 4th Strauss, Oscar, Crocker Bldg. Des Moines Unger, Dr. D., 528 E. Locust Adelman, Chas. S., 629 E. 6th William, Sam, 1224 W. 5th Adelman, M., 243 E. 6th Wolk, Sol, 1825 7th Becker, M. N., 8th and Market Wollensky, D. S., 1175 W. 8th Blank, A. H., 1927 W. 9th Yarowsky, A., 205 Walnut BlotcUy, S. H., 1336 W. 12th Zeichik, Rabbi H., 753 E. Walnut Brodky, Harry, 112 Court Av. Zlon, Samuel, 1016 4th 36 JEWISH PUBLICATION SOCIETY 351

Iowa City ANNUAL MEMBBCS Iowa Goldberg, Ben]. Adler, C. K., 124 B. 26 Friedman, N. Friedman, S. Keokuk Lince, Moritz, 112 S. Market Well, J. B., 426 Main Sigel, E., 512 E. Main Stein, Lee, 326 N. Washington Marshalltowa Bernstein, Mrs. A., 6 N. 2d Sioux City Bernstein, Mrs. Charles, 107 W. Brodkey, Max, 609 Center Church Davidson, Abe, 805 10th Davidson, Dave, 1709 Nebraska Oskaloosa Free Jewish Library, care of B. Shafranovich, Secy., 716 4th Bernstein, B., 216 S. 4th Fribourg, A. L., 415 4th Popofsky, Sol. Galinsky, A. L., 1023 Court Gallnsky, Herman, 907 Virginia Ottumwa Goodsite, A., 609 Main SPECIAL MEMBER Stillman, A., 400 4th Ottumwa Hebrew Assoc, care of Vlnton S. B. Adler, 211 Main TJrbach, J. L. KANSAS Kansas Cawker City 0 shorn

Kentucky Speyer, S. H., cor. Spring, Vine and Grossman. Louis, 1312 S. 2d Water Halpern, Dr. M. B., 714 S. Brook Well, Jonas, 273 S. Limestone Hoenig, Nat., 2022 S. 3d Av. Wile, Dolph, care of Kaufman, Hoffert, M., 617 Walnut Straus & Co., Hyman, Jacob, 111 E. Market Wolf. Simon, 424 W. High Isaacs, Minnie D., 125 N. Market Jacobstein, A. M., 803 W. Chestnut Louisville Jacobstein, Louis H., 1011 W. Bway. Kahn, S. W., 216 W. Hill PATRON Kauffman, D. Z., 106 W. Market Bernhelm, I. W., 1108 3d Av. Klevansky, Rabbi S., 222 E. Madison Kling, Benj. W., 6?.2 W. Main SPECIAL MEMBER Kohn, Aaron, 1066 3d Lerner, Alex., 442 S. 7th Bernheim, B., 1416 3d Av. Lerner, Meyer J. Leventhal, J. H., 210 E. Madison ANNUAL MEMBERS Levi, Abe C, 1519 S. 1st Adath Israel Religious School, 834 Levin, K., 739 W. Market 3d Av. Levy, Sam'l J., 217 E, Madison Ades, Moses W., 121 S. 3d Liebschutz, N., 828 S. 1st Appel, Louis, 1212 3d Av. Linker, Barnet, 235 E. Madison Aronoff, I. Lorch, Vic, 1829 3d Av. Barkhouse, Louis, 1433 3d AT. Louisville Free Public Library Bensinger, A. B., 125 B. Burnett Marx, Jack F., 360 W. Bway. Berkovitz, S.. 232 E. Madison Marx, M. F., P. O. Box 654 Blieden, I., 734 W. Market Meyer, Herman, 111 W. HU1 Blitz, Sam'l S., 1324 S. 2d Meyer, Leo, 716 Brook Blitz, Wolf, 331 E. Walnut Meyers, Dr. Sidney J., 1451 2d Bloch, Leo, 529 W. Hook Morris, Herman, 1628 1st Bloom, Dr. I. W., Atherton Bldg. Mueller. Rev. Dr. Ign., 731 Floyd Blum, S., 224 4th Av. Palitz, Bernard A., 619 1st Bramson, L., 327 W. Market Rauch, Rabbi Jos., care of Temple B'rith Sholom Religious School, Adath Israel care of Herman Meyer, Sec, 111 Rosenberg, G. S., 1229 1st W. Hill Rosenheim, Chas., Louisville Hotel Bronner, Dr. Herbert, 1313 Floyd Rosenthal, L. A., 333 E. Walnut Brooks, Mrs. Marie, 226 E. Market Rothstein, Abe, Auditorium Apt. Brownstein, Dr. Sam'l Jos., 430 E. Sales, G. G.. 1609 2d Walnut Schaffner, Nathan, 6th and Main Cohen, A., 442 W. 7th Schulman, M. W.. 408 E. Walnut Cohen, Alvin, 300 W. Market Selligman, Alfred, 1462 S. 1st Cohen, Meyer, Auditorium Apt. Selllgman, Jos., 1521 4th Av. Cream, Jacob, 437 S. 9th Shapinsky, Allan, 1500 S. 1st Davis, Harry, 413 E. Market Shapinsky, Julius, 413 E. Market Debrovy, Theo., 347 E. Market Shapinsky, Louis, 1623 3d Dreifus, Lewis A., Aragon Apt, 1st Shapinsky, Simon, 1245 S. 4th Av. near Hill Shrader, J., 205 S. 6th Edleson, Dr. Louis R., 1623 S. 1st Silverman, B. H., 540 S. 3d Ehrmann, Hilmar Simon, M., 210 W. Jepperra Flarsheim, Morris H., 628 W. Main Simons, Max. 140 W. Market Fleischaker, Dr. Frank, 1506 S. 2d Sloss, Stanley E., 1517 2d Flexner, Bernard, Paul Joneo Bldg. Smith, F. D., 2112 W. Bway. Frankel, Dr. Siegel C, 224 E. Jacob Stavitzky, S., 1369 2d Av. Steinfeld. Emile. 2115 Slaughter Av. Galanter, Dr. Harry, 232 W. Market Straus, Ben, 1464 3d Av. Goldberg, Jos., 107 E. College Strull, Chas., 531 S. 1st Goldberg, Max, 808 W. Market Turnheim, Sol., 54 Board of Trade Goodman, Frank S., 1410 S. 2d Bldg. Grabfelder, Mose, 1521 S. 1st Washer, B. F., 1335 2d Grabfelder, Robt. A., 1427 S. 2d Washer, Ben1 S., 2418 Ransdell Av. Greenbaum, Jos., 912 S. 1st Williamson, S., 824 W. Market Greensteln, Max I., 1400 2d Wolf, Stanley R., 3 510 S. 2d Grossman, L., 406 E. Chestnut Wolkow, I. Leo, 303 E. Madison 38 JEWISH PUBLICATION SOCIETY 353

Young Men's Hebrew Association, Dahl, Philip, 426 W. 7th Kentucky 523 1st Levy, I. J. Zarcby, Asher L., 330 B. Walnut Rosenfeld, Silas, 512 Frederica Rosenthal, B., 507 St. Anns Maysville Wile, Henry Hechlnger, D. Paducah Newport Benedict, J., 1229 Jefferson Riefkin, I., 632 Maple Av. Friedman, Joseph L., The Pines Lovitch, Meyer, 1408 Broadway OwensDoro Simon, Mose, 335 y2 N. 7th St. Cohen, Mrs. Effle, 420 W. 4th Steinfeld, Dr. M., 420 N. 16th

LOUISIANA Louisiana Alexandria Feibleman, Edward, 4706 St. Chas. Bauer, G. Av. Rothstein, Rabbi L. J., Box 92 Felngold, Dr. M., 124 Baronne Feitel, Milton, 5228 Prytania Baton Rouge Feldman, Wm., 1748 Jackson Av. Felix, Sam, 600 Alexander Farnbacher, Solon Friedberg, L. W., 1318 Hospital Fuerst, Milton, 1205 Valence Donaldsonville Fuerst, Sam, 1903 Octavia Singer, Raphael Godchaux, Chas., 3924 St. Charles Av. Lake Charles Godchaux, Mrs. P. L., 1237 Jack- Ackerman, Rabbi Win., 527 Hodge son Av. Goldberg, Rabbi M. II., 1903 Felicity New Iberia Gi-eenblatt, Leon A., 1421 Canal Greenwald, Mrs. Judith Korn, 4540 Dreyfus, Leon, Main S. Liberty Gudehaux, Albert, 4036 St. Charles New Orleans Av. LIFE MEMBER Gumbel, Lester, 2320 Prytania District Grand Lodge, No. 7, I. O. Hausman, Louis, 1568 Webster B. B., care of Nathan Strauss, Heller, Rev. Max, 1828 Marengo 2331 Magazine Henriques, Dr. Adolph, 31 Cusachs Bldg. LIBRARY MEMBER Hess, Bernard, 1721 State Hiller, Herbert, 4417 St. Charles Av. Krower, Leonard, Canal Hyman, Samuel, 3323 St. Charles Av. SPECIAL, MEMBERS Israel, Mayer, 714 Canal Hiller, Jonas, 5700 St. Charles Av. Jewish Orphans Home, St. Charles Julius Wels Home, 817 Graveer and Peters Avs. Lemle, Gustave, 3413 St. Charles Kahn, Mrs. M., 3426 Magazine Av. Kohlmann, Sig., 1544 State Wolff, Solomon, 507 Hibernian Kohn, Joseph, 18 Audubon PI. Kottwitz, Aron, 1040 Soniat ANNUAL MEMBERS Ladies Guild of Temple Sinai, care Beer, Bertrand, 4035 St. Charles of Mrs. P. L. Godchaux, 1237 Av. Jackson Av. Bergman, Rabbi M., 5914 Pitt Leucht, Rev. I. L., P. O. Drawer Bonart, Sam, 1620 St. Charles Av. 431 Bratman, H., 5015 Constance Levy, Isidore, 309 Hennen Bld£. Bruenn, Bernard, 714 Hennen Bldg. Levy, L., 1644 Palmer Av. Cahn, Edgar M., 320 St. Charles Levy, Leopold, 4729 St. Charles Av. Av. Massman, S., 5815 Hurst Cohen, Nathan. 507 S. Ramport Mayer, Erhard, 1731 Milan Cohn, E. D., 1715 Napoleon Av. New Orleans Public Library, Henry Danziger, A. D., 204 Carondelet M. Gill, Librarian 39 354 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

Louisiana Newman, Henry, 3512 St. Charles Schwarz, Ralph, Pen-in Bldg. Av. Stern, Maurice, 5115 St. Charles Pfeifer, Simon, 3931 St. Charles Av. Av. Phelps, B., 304 St. Charles Av. Trautman, Jac. & Co., 401 Magazine, Poilet, Elias, 1050 Carondelet P. O. Box 547 Pokorny, D., 2113 St. Charles Av. Weil, H., 5007 Prytania Rittenberg, J., 168 S. Ramport Weil, Sam'l, 1706 Bordeaux Robbins, Isidore, 2207 Baronne Weiss, Sol., 1731 Robert Rosenberg, B., 215 Decatur Wolbrette, D., 2323 Magazine Schwabacher, Max, 4016 Prytania Wolf, Sam'l, 1123 Prytania Schwartz, L. E., 6215 St. Charles Av. Bhreveport Schwartz, Lazar, 1418 17th Herold, Leah, 628 Stoner Av.

Maine MAINE Auburn Josselson, D., 75 Middle Judelsohn, H., 9 Willis Levinson, Rev. M., 55 Broad Kamber, Bernard, 93 Atlantic Rubin, Mrs. R., 8 Mill Karlin, M., 26 Quincy Shapiro, Jacob J., 77 5th Lazarowitch, A., 66 Federal Lerner, Louis, 59% Middle Levee, Louis, 139 Newbury Biddeford Levin, H. L., 16 Preble Polakowitch, L., 126 Maine Levine, Mark, 76 Beckett Slmensky, Mrs. SI., 133 Maine Markson, E., 104 Monument Markson, M., 119 Congress Mendell, Jos., 411 Lore Lewiston Oransky, Morris, 2 Middle Isaacson, Isaac B., 70 Lisbon Rabinowitz, Israel, 7 Middle Levine, Sam, 117 Howe Robinson, A., 69 Federal Saks, J. L., 97 Chestnut Robinson, Jacob, 69 Federal Silverman, Louis, 162 Bartlett Rosen, Maurice E., 85 Exchange Singer, A., 176 Pine Rosenberg, Sam'l, 195 Congress Supowitz, Max, 109 Lisbon Rubincoff, M.. 91 Federal Rubinsky, J. E., 83 Federal Schwartz, David, 75 Wilson Portland Schweg, Daniel, 153 Franklin Abrahamson, L., 33 Deer Shalit, L. Barnard, 166 Eastern Ackerman, J. J., 439 Fore Promade Agger, S. J., 295 Pore Shur, Harry, 51 Hancock Barron, Miss Fanny, 52 Federal Silverman Bros., 87% Federal Berenstein, D., 17 Quincy Silverman, N., 26 Hampshire Berman, Jacob H., 15 Locust Silverman, Philip, 98 Middle Bockstein, S., 7 Pleasant Simonds, Max N., 161 Newbury Braman, S., 171 Congress Sockonoff, Morris, 160 Newbury Braunstein, M. B., 459 Fore Sornansky, Hyman, 19 Middle Brenner, J., 61 Lawrence Stein, S., 148 Newbnry Bulliont, Frank, 104 Middle Sulkowitch, M. A.. 11% Vine Caplan, Herman, 263 Congress Tobachnick, P., 137 Newbury Comeras, Julius, 242 Cumberland Tress, J., 879 Congress Cutler, Jacob, 32 India Weinstein, Jacob M., 39 Middle Davis, Dr. John L., 333 Congress Welsberg, Isaac, 155 Newbury Feinberg, H., 417 Fore Weisman, H.. 108 Newbury Feldman, F., 136 Cumberland Av. Weiss, P., 477 Fore Finn Bros., 152 Commercial Wener, J., 32 Deer Garber, Isaac M., 104 Monument Winstein, L., 247 Middle Goodside, A., 166 B. Prominade Green, Frank, 70 Glenwood Av. Herman, Abe, 15 Middle WaterviUe Herman, Morris, 49 Chestnut Sheiro, Louis, 61 Union 40 JEWISH PUBLICATION SOCIETY 355

MARYLAND Maryland Baltimore Biilstein, Nathan, Rider P. O. (Sherwood) LIFE MEMBER Biattstein, Flora, 1614 Braddish Av. Frank, Mrs. Bertha Rayner, 8 E. Blaustein, Jos., 2104 E. Baltimore Lexington Blaustein, Solomon, 821 E. Balti- more PATRON Block, Wm., 2111 E. Pratt Gutman, Mrs. Joel, 112 Eutaw PI. Bloom, Mayer L., 3310 Auchen- toroly Terrace LIBRARY MEMBERS Blumenthal, Harry, 1229 E. Lexing- Brager, Albert A., Eutaw PI. and ton Laurens Bordensky, Dr. Nathan B., 2114 Wll- kens Av. Hutzler, D., 1801 Eutaw PI. Brim, Harry W., 657 Light Levy, William, 2352 Eutaw PI. Brodie, Israel B., 818 Equitable Bldg. SPECIAL MEMBERS Bronstein, G., 1601 E. Baltimore Epstein, Jacob, 1729 Park Av. Bronstein, Jos., 1601 E. Baltimore Gutman, L. K., 112 Eutaw PI. Brown, Jacob, 1406 Gough Hamburger, Jonas, 1727 Baltimore Buckner, Dr. Harry E., 1440 E. Hamburger, Samuel, 2414 Eutaw Baltimore PI. Burk, Charles, 617 E. Baltimore Hochschild, M., 1922 Eutaw PI. Caplan, Julius, 937 E. Baltimore Kohn, Benno, 2119 Callow Av. Caplan, Oscar, 9 N. High Levy, Julius, 105 Ridgewood Rd. Cline, Bernhard, 507 Law Bldg. Rayner, A. W., 8 E. Lexington Cohen, Dr. Abraham, 1744 Park Av. Schwartzman, H., 401 W. Lexington Cohen, B., 1709 Linden Av. Silberstein, Israel, 145 Jackson PI. Cohen, Miss Bertha, 415 N. Charles Sonneborn, Mrs. Henry, 1608 Eutaw Cohen, Hyman, 136 N. Broadway PI. Cohen, L. J., 311 Union Trust Bldg. Sonneborn, Sigmund B., 2420 Eu- Cohen, M. S.. 3404 Dewall Av. taw PI. Cohen, Mendes, 825 N. Charles Strouse, Benjamin, 1704 Eutaw PI. Cone, Mrs. Moses, 1600 Linden Av. Strouse, Isaac, 1706 Eutaw PI. Cooper and Gelman, 1426 E. Balti- Suburban Club of Baltimore, Sta- more tion E Cordish, Louis, 115 N. Broadway Weinberg, Abraham I., 2310 Eutaw Crockin, Emil, 2124 Chelsea Ter- PI. race, Walbrook ANNUAL MEMBERS Dalsheimer, Simon, care of The Aaronson, Dr. M. W., 1135 E. Balti- Marlborough Apt. House more Davidson, Harris, 1538 Orleans Abrams, Israel A., 1707 Pairmount Davidson, I. W., 1030 Hollins Av. Davidson, Isaac, 315 N. Howard Abramson, Chas., Windsor Hill Rd. Dealham, Samuel, Jr., 1614 Mad- and 17th ison Av. Adler, Charles, 1313 Eutaw PI. Denowltch, Benj., 823 E. Baltimore Adler, Hillard, 130 Aisquith Dobovsky, Morris, 1825 E. Fair- Adler, Mrs. S. J., 2109 Brookfleld mount Av. Av. Dornberg, Lee, 220 Law Bldg. Applestein, Benj. S., 2022 E. Pratt Dubovsky, Max, 1315 E. Lexington Ash, Miss Fannie A., 1516 Madison Duval, L. M., Charles and Lexing- Av. ton, Room 44 Austerlitz, J., 910 E. Pratt Epstein, Nathan, Marlborough Apt. Balber, N.. 2319 Druid Hill Av. House Bamberger, Jacob, 1715 McCulloh Erlanger Bros., 519 W. Pratt Beck, Miss Etta, 2035 McCulloh Fader, A., 210 E. Baltimore Benesch, Mrs. William, 2430 Eutaw Federleicht, L., 25 W. Baltimore PI. Feikin, B.. 124 N. Eutaw Berger, M., 2051 Pennsylvania Av. Fine, Louis, 2420 McCulloh Bernstein, Mrs. M. M., 2409 Linden Fineman, Leon, 1409 McCulloh Av. Fink, Herman M., 226 S. Broadway 41 356 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

Maryland Fisher, S. L., 1627 Westwood Av Hamburger, P., 16 S. Eutaw Fleischer, Silas, 2010 Madison Av. Hanline, Alexander M., 23 S. How- Frank, Ed. L., 2042 Linden Av. ard Frank, Ell, 1504 Bolton Harsh, G. M.. 2309 Maryland Av. Frank, Mrs. Rebecca, 1829 Eutaw Hartogensis, B. H., 641 Equitable PI. Bldg. Frank, Solomon, 1407 Eutaw PI. Hecht, Albert S., 1913 Eutaw PI. Freed, Isidore, 17L'9 Lombard Herman, Jonas, 616 E. Baltimore Freedman, H., 1732 E. Baltimore Herman, S., care of B. Fiefenbaum, Freedman, Jos., 739 Newington Av. cor. O'Dnnnell and Patuxent Frledenwald, Mrs. A., 1616 Linden Hess, I., 2103 E. Fayette Av. Higger, D., 614 S. Broadway Friedenwald, Dr. Harry, 1029 Mad- Himmel, Sol., 109 N. Frederick ison Av. Hochheimer, Lewis, 208 Courtland Friedenwald, Dr. Julius, 1013 N. Hoi, Max, 821 Rollins Charles Hollander, Dr. J. H., 1802 Eutaw Friedman, E., 601 Water PI. Fuechsl, 1$. S., Charles and Chase Hollander, Joseph, 106 W. Pratt Gamse, Benno E., 1808 Walbrook Hornstein, Jacob D., 2400 McCulloh Av. Horwitz, E. H., 52 Gunther Bldg. Ginsberg, Adolph, 1740 W. North Hurwitz, Aaron, 900 E. Lombard Av. Hutzler, A. G., 1801 Eutaw PI. Ginsberg, S., 734 W. North Av. Hutzler, Edwin, 212 N. Howard Gold, Dr. Conrad, 1123 E. Baltimore Jacob, Fannie E., 1803 E. Baltimore Goldberg, Abe, 869 W. Lombard Jewish Educational Alliance, 1204 Goldenberg, Julius, Eutaw PI. and E. Baltimore Wilson Jewish Library Association, 125 Goldenberg, Mrs. M., 1628 Bolton Aisquith Goldheim, Mrs. L. A., 2218 Callow Kahn, Louis, 732 Light Av. Katzensteln, Mrs. B., 1521 Eutaw Goldsmith, J., 41 Lloyd PI. Goldsmith, Meyer B., 722 W. North Kaufman, Lawrence, 1720 E. Balti- Av. more Goldstone, M. Henry, 123 N. Broad- Kaufman, Louis. 601 N. Calhoun way Keiser, David, 1902 McCulloh Gomborow, Israel, 218 E. Lexington Kellman, Harry T., 1228 E. Balti- Gordon, Isaac, 314 Hanover more Gordon, Paul, 25 N. Broadway Kemper, I. L., 11 E. Lombard Gottschalk, Jos., 1508 Bolton Klein, Jacob S., 307 W. Baltimore Gottschalk, Mrs. L., 1805 Eutaw PI. Kling, Morris, 26 N. Montford Av. Greenbaum, Daniel, 1908 Eutaw PI. Kojran, Louis, 219 S. Bond Greenbaum, Leon E., 1614 Eutaw Kohn,,L. B., 2029 Eutaw PI. PI. Kohn, Martin J., Paca and German Greenbaum, Milton D., 1007 Fidelity Kravitz, Louis, 1528 E. Baltimore Bldg. Lauchhelmer, C. H., 1524 Eutaw PI. Grinsfelder, Mrs. H., 2020 Eutaw Lauchheimer, J. M., 2122 Bolton PI. Lauer, Mrs. Leon, 2420 Eutaw PI. Grinsfelder, Mrs. Joseph, 406 Lauer, Martin, 2001 Eutaw PI. Press tman Lehmayer, Martin, 563 Calvert Gutman, Julius, 1714 Eutaw PI. Bldjr. Gutman, L. N., 15 W. Lexington Leopold, Harry J., 306 W. Balti- Guttmacher, Rev. A., 2239 Brook- more field Av. Leopold, Isaac, 2218 Eutaw PI. Guyes, Max I., 1216 W. Lexington Levin, Louis H.. 2104 Chelsea Ter. nalle, Isaac, 1904 Eutaw PI. Levinstein, I., 2341 Madison Av. Halle, M. S., 2222 Callow Av. Levlson, M. Albert, 21 N. B'way Halperin, Dr. S., 1143 E. Baltimore Levy, Chas. S., 2913 O'Dnnnpll Hamburger, Mrs. Henry I., 2245 Levy, Miss Mildred A., 30 Talbott Eutaw PI. Rd., Windsor Hill Hamburger, Leon, 2205 Callow Av. Linden, Harry, 1812 E. Fayette Hamburger, Dr. Louis P., 1210 Livingston, Jas. A., 1936 E. Chase Eutaw PI. London, Hyman, 1427 E. Fayette 42 JEWISH PUBLICATION SOCIETY 357

Lubin, J., 2262 Linden Av. Salabes, S., 1708 Eutaw PI. Maryland Lutzky, Louis, 2011 McCuIloh Sauber, Nathan, 2777 W. North Av. Mandelbaum, Mrs. S., 607 Fidelity Savage, Dr. M., 1121 E. Baltimore Bldg. Schaffer, Rabbi S., 2566 McCulloh Mansbach, Dr. I. L., 143 N. Exeter Schloss, Michael, 500 W. Baltimore Metzger, Louis A., 2104 Callow Av. Schloss, Nathan, 2410 Eutaw PI. Meyer, M. Maurice, 111 N. Charles Schneeberger, Rev. Dr. H. W., 2014 Michelson, S., 2113 B. Baltimore McCulloh Miller, I. J., 2133 McCulloh Schuman, Rev. J., 2415 Lake View Miller, Mrs. William, 1907 Eutaw Av. PL Schwartzman, A., 20 S. Chester Mirvis, B., 507 S. Broadway Schwartzman, C. and J., 621 E. Bal- Morris, Edward, 2229 Eutaw PI. timore Moses, Mrs. Abram, 1803 Eutaw Schwartzmann, H. A., 10 N. Gilmor PI. Sell, Robt., 509 Aisquith Moses, Jacob M., 2321 Linden Av. Selenkow, M. E., 1024 E. Baltimore Myer, Jacob, 1102 Madison Av. Shaevltz, E., 724 S. Charles Myer, Dr. Louis A., 1831 Madison Sharogrodsky, Ida, 922 E. Madison Av. Shochet, A. S., 1119 E. Baltimore Neistadt, ST., S. M., 1505 E. Balti- Shuhan, M., 917 E. Pratt more Shulman, Jacob, 1403 E. Pratt Newburger, Dr. Henry C, 237 S. Silberman, T., 2000 Madison Av. Broadway Silver, Hymnn, 14 E. Hill Newburger, M., 1802 E. Pratt Silverman, Mrs. Louis, 2916 Park- Nordin, Dr. Ellis, 1135 E. Baltimore wood Av. Nyburg, Sidney L., 311 Union Trust Silverman, Solomon, 2428 Lake Building View Av. Oheb Shalom Cong. S. S., Eutaw PI. Simon, Frank, 1726 Linden Av. and Lanvale Sindler, Bessie, 1804 E. Baltimore Oppenheimer, Henry, 1411 Eutaw Singer, Sam'l M., 1033 McCulloh PI. Sinskey, Dr. Henry L., 1610 E. Bal- Oppenheimer, Reuben, 1411 W. timore Payette Siskind, Abe, 4 W. Hill Ottenheimer, B. M., 2028 Linden Small, Philip. 507 S. Broadway Av. Smotrltsky, Jos. B., 720 N. Eden Ottenheimer, Eli, 2072 Linden Av. Solarz, Sampson. 115 Hopkins PI. Ottenheimer, R. M., 1634 Linden Sollod, Jos. A., 22 S. Broadway Av. Sondhelm, Walter, 1621 Bolton Parelhoff, Maurice, 2527 McCulloh Stambler, Louis G., 1630 Westwood Phoenix Club, 13 Eutaw PI. Av. Politz, Leonard M., 762 W. Lex- Stein, Simon H., 217 E. Baltimore ington Straus, Aaron, Hotel Rennert Posnansky, M., 926 Watson Strauss, Alexander, 2340 Eutaw PI. Poulson, David, 1621 McElderry Strauss, Manes, 2016 Linden Av. Rabinowitz, E. N., 125 Aisquith Strauss, Mrs. William L., 1628 Rnnkin, D., 608 N. Bond Eutaw PI. Rnsen, Nathan, 425 N. Eutaw Strouse, Mrs. Ell, 1619 Madison Rosen, Dr. Sam'l, 1510 E. Baltimore Av. Rosenau, Rev. Dr. William, 1515 Strouse, Mose B., N. E. cor. P;ica Eutaw PI. and Lombard Rosenberg. David B., 1529 Pennsyl- Sworzyn, Morris, 2014 Parkwood vania Av. Av. Rosenblatt, Sig., 1433 Mt. Royal Thalhelmer, Samuel. 2037 McCulloh Av. Trupp, Nathan, 1232 Greenmount Rosenfelrl, Arnold, 114 N. Howard Av. Rosenfeld, Mrs. Goody, 1720 Eutaw Van Leer, Mrs. Hannah, 121S Brook- PI field Av. Rosenthal, Sol. W., 246 S. Eden Walter, M. R., 609 Union Trust Rubensteln, Rabbi Chas., 2313 Cal- Bldg. low Av. Walter, Mrs. Moses R., 609 Union Sachs, Dr. J. L.. 22r>2 Madison Av. Trust Bldg. Sacks, Sam'l, 671 W. Baltimore Weglein, David E., 2400 Linden Av. 43 358 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

Maryland Weinberg, Mrs. Cella, 1513 Mt. Hirsh, Jessie, 17 Decatur RoyaJ Av. Kaplon, S. W., 93 Baltimore Weinstein, Aaron, 134 N. Broadway WiPsenfeld, Bernard, 2328 Eutaw Frederick PI. Lowenstein, Mrs. David, care of Wiesenfeld, Joseph, 1712 Linden Lowenstein & Wertheimer Av. Rosenstock, J. Winner, Dr. Jacob L., 30 S. Broad- Weinberg, Leo, P. O. Box 235 way Wolman, Dr. S., 2101 Brookfield Av. Frostburg Wyman, Julius H., 1530 McCulloh Wyman, Maurice, 19 W. Lexington Kaplon, Robert Yolken, Dr. Nathan P., 9 S. Broad- Stern, George way Belair Hyattsville Getz, David Edlavitch, J. Moses Lipnick, Harry Laurel Cumberland Block, Harry A. SPECIAL MEMBERS Keisterstown Rosenbaum, Simon, 70 Washington Graver, Dr. J., Jewish Home for Rosenbaum, Susman, 67 Washington Consumptives ANNUAL MEMBERS Baron, Rabbi M., 7 Union St. George Gottlieb, Jacob Levy, Paul S. Hebrew Library Society, Be'er Cha- yim Congregation Whiteford Hirsch, Isaac, 62 Washington Reamer, Edward

Massa- MASSACHUSETTS chusetts Allaton Sillman, Sam, 7 Crandall Tolchinsky, D.. 23 Union SPECIAL MEMBER Wolf, Morris, 66 Holman fchoolman, Mrs. May Rose, 509 Cam- bridge Beverly Arth, Robert, 49 Front ANNUAL MEMBER Rosenbloom, L., 395 Cabot Fox, Isidore, 7 High Rock Way Rosen thai, W., 22% Cabot Starr, W., 281 Rautoul Attleboro Zelinsky, N., 29 Pierce Alpert, Samuel, 5 Dunborn Chltrin. Louis, 20 Morey Boston Fein, A., 53 Pine Alberts, M. Z., 2 Mascoma Fine, Chas., R. F. D. No. 3 Amdursky, Noah G., 166 Lincoln Fleischer, Max, 39 Hope Apt, M. S., 117 Paris, E. Boston Friedman, Harry, 36 Falmouth Arkin, Dr. Louis, 366 Common- Friedman, Sam'l, R. F. D. No. 3 wealth Av. Gorovitz, Rev. Benj., 51 Pine Barlen, Samuel L., 49 Helborn Greenberg, Louis, 18 Falmouth Barnott, Solomon, 472 Brookline Av. Hurovitz, Max Beal, Julius, 22 Royal Huttner, Benj., 83 Forest. Bernstein, P., 337 Hanover Kaufman, A., P. O. Box 107 Bloom, Dr. David N., 33 Princeton, Levin, Abraham, 26 Maple East Boston Levin, Samson, 20 Morey Bloomfleld, Meyer, 6 Beacon Moshkowitz, Oscar, 83 Forest Bon, Abram, 18 Tremont Rothschild, Saul, ll John Brown, Hyman J., 214 Endlcotte Av. Sallit, J., 16 Foley Carver, Samuel, 43 Tremont Shalowltz, Morris D., 28 Schol Casson, S. K., 840 Beacon 44 JEWISH PUBLICATION SOCIETY 359

Chelsea Girls' Zionist Circle, care of Luftman, Louis, 24 N. Anderson Hassa- Jos. Wigonsky, 23 Hancock Lurie, M. S., 115 Wheatland Av. chusctts Coleman, Max, 201 Princeton, East Madalia. Dr. Leon L., 483 Beacon Boston Mancovitz, D., 15 Court Sq. Dana, L. Sam'l, 49 Peter Parley Rd. Meyer, Julius, Old Court House Davidow, Mrs. Lillie G., 108 Seaver Meyers, Dr. Solomon E., 93 Lex- Drucker, John, 111 Waumbeck ington, E. Boston Ehrlich, Mrs. A., 42 Beach Road, Morrison, M. L., 347 Blue Hill Av. Brookline Mydans, Max I., 19 Helen Ellis, David A., 53 State Myerson, Dr. Simon, 10 Hancock Federation of Jewish Charities, 43 Nesson, Dr. Paul, 34 Chambers Hawkins Norton, S. M., Chauncey St. Finkelstein, Dr. H., 342 Hanover Olim, Miss Eva H., 66 G. S. Boston Frank, Daniel, 232 Washington Orkin, Harry, 387 Washington Freedman, Dr. L. M., 419 Boylston Perkins, S., 31 McLean Freyhon. Hyman, 43 Leverett Podolsky, Jacob, 130 Chambers Geller, Samuel, 320 Harrison Av. Public Library Ginsburg, Paul M., 60 Summer Rabalsky, Benj., 27 Anderson Ginzberg, Albert A., 601 Old South Reinberg, J. B., 5 Stillman Bldg. Reiner, Edward, 71 Border, E. Bos- Goldberg, A., 50 Joy ton Goldberg, Abraham E., 54 Lawrence Robinson, Robt., 33 Hancock Av., Roxbury Rose, Alexander E., 612 Pemberton Goodman, Mrs. Samuel, 148 Town- Bldg. send Rosenbush, A. A., 146 Lincoln Gordon, Gabriel M., 91 Hampden Rosenthal, Albert H., 103 Harold Gordon, Harry, 27 School Rosenthal, Dr. Chas., 337 Massa- Greenbaum, Morris. 786 Washington chusetts Av. Greenberg, Abraham, 138 Chelsea, E. Ross, Dr. J. P., 11 Chambers Boston Rubenowitz, Rev. H. H., 53 Cope- Grosberg, Mrs. O.. 572 Washington land Haas, Jacob de, 258 Washington Rubenstein, Philip, 53 State Hailparn, Mrs. Rachel, 129 Adding- Rubin, Dr. M. S., 174 Paris, E. Bos- ton Rd.. Brookline ton Harris, Isaac. 43 Tremont Saltz, Dr. Sidney M., 113 Chambers rtarrison, S. H., 660 Washington Sheinsohn, Max, 106 Court Herman, Mrs. J. M., 424 Marl- Shuman, Max L., 7 Lowell borough Siegel, David, 41 McLean Hirscbberg, A. S., 373 Washington Silverman, Jacob J., 43 Tremont Hurwitz, Dr. A. J., 34 Chambers Simmons, L., 30 Kingston Hurwitz, Albert, 909 Pemberton Singer, Theodore, 20 Poplar Bldg. Siskind, Henry, 43 Tremont Hurwitz, Samuel, 909 Pemberton Slobodkin, Harris A., 40 Lowell Bldg. Solomont, Oscar H., 36 Salem Jewish Weekly, The, A. Pinkofsky, Sondneim, Philip J., 621 Old South Mgr., 262 Washing-ton Bldg. Jolles, L. S., 80 Fulton Springer, Dr. O. M., 56 Chambers Kaplan, Barnet, 25 McLean Stoneman, David, 14 Esmond Katzeff. Morris. 704 Centre Temple Israel S. S., Commonwealth, Kaufman, August II., 23 Vinson Blandford Kaufman & Co., H., 32 McLean TTllian, J. D.. 71 Lawrence Av. Kaufman, James, 41 West White, Sam'l, 22 Stedman, Brook- Kronstein, Isadore, 3 Eaton line Laskop, A., 76 Gainsboro Whitman, Morris. 18 Hancock Lebowich, I., 18 Summer Wigonsky, John, 23 Hancock Levenson, Abe, 29 Wyoming (Rox- Wolfson, Lewis W., 77 Bedford bury) Wolkowich, Erwin, 101 Waumbeck Levenson, Henry H., 177 Blackstone Wyzanski, Max E., 18 Tremont Levins, Nathan N.. 30 Chambers Levy, Benj. A., 619 Tremont Bid?. Brockton Lewenberg, Solomon. Tremont Bldg. Adelson, David, 58 Haverhill Lewenstein, N., 76 Fowler Bauman, Wm, 386 Pleasant 45 360 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

Massa- Green, Joseph. 201 Center Gordon, Jacob, 18 Arlington chusett3 Klein, I., 23 Montello Heiman, Louis, 212 Chestnut Perkins, Louis, 23 Main Horowitz, Israel, 82 5th Smollnsky, Leon, 71 Montello Israelite, P. I., 235 Chestnut Stone, Samuel, 390 Belmont Kessler, Dr. I. H., 122 Chestnut Kopelman, Kadish. 85 Blossom Brookline Koplovitz, Geo., 136 Arlington Kupelewich, M.. 132 Arlington Ackerman, J. E., 1546 Beacon Leera, H., 52 Blossom Amster, N. L., Hawes & Colchestor Levin, Simon, 24 2d Andrews, Julius, 149 Winthrop Rd. Lewis, Simon S., 83 Orange Goulston, E. S., 38 Stedman LlchtenstPin, A., 180 2d Levi, Rabbi Harry, 52 Verndale Lourie, David A., 11 Clark Av. Nesson, Israel, 1742 Beacon Lourle, Jacob, 78 Franklin Av. Penn, Mrs. Henry. 140 Thorndike Morrison, Morris. 145 Poplar Rubin, Jacob, 12 .Kelsyth Rd. Resnick, R., 20 Ash Warshauer, Chas. S., 16 Greenough Rosenthal, H., 119 Franklin Av. Shaievitz, L.. 57 Elm Cambridge Shankman, Isaac, 13 Bencon PI. Andelman, Maxwell, 286 Webster Silverman, Morris B., 144 Bloom- Av. Baron, J., 548 Cambridge ingdale Berkman, Jos., 134 Pine Slant. M., 60 Blossom Burock, Louis, 291 Windsor Smith, Harry, 218 Chestnut Fishman, Frank, 309 Elm Stremsky, I., 9 Medford Fradkin, Julius, 999 Cambridge Tenkil, D., 32 Walnut Freedman, Jacob, 121 Hampshire Tigar, Maurice, 85 6th Goldman, Lowe, 524 Windsor Tuttle, Max M., 74 Chestnut Greenstein, B.. 224 Webster Av. Wolper, Morris M., 48 Blossom Grossman, M., 726 Cambridge Hochman. David Chicopee Kellner, Prof. Max, 3 Mercer Circle Brodinsky, Jacob, 34 Perel Kirshen, J., 945 Cambridge Cohen, M. H., 98 Dvvight Levin, Nathan, 122 Berkshire Granstein, Ephraim. Cobot St. Nlssenbaum, Abraham, 335 Webster Kantor, Louis, 63 West Av. Kantor, M. D., 41 Center Prombon, Jacob. 948 Cambridge Kittredge, Max, 256 Exchange Rosenau, B., 319 Elm Rosenthal, Solomon, 282 Webster Clinton Av. Altman, B., 981 Main Sidman, B., 153 Webster Av. Altman, Sam'l. 61 Sterling Silvprman. M., 1054 Cambridge Long, Morris, 54 Haskell Talalaewsky, Jos. Reisner, Wm.. 20 Water Wermont, Rudolph, 241 Columbia Wagman, David, 153 High White, M. J., 32 Andrew Dorchester Chelsea Alberts, I., 29 Hawes Av. Abelowltz, M., 63 Poplar Arkin, Miss Pauline, 973 Blue Hill Adelman, M., 45 4th Av. Berenstein, G.. 49 Gardner Askowlth, Dr. Chas., 17 Harlem Berkowitz, H., 182 2d Barnett, Chas. E., 77 Elm Berson, M., 2 Wall Bernhardt, Sam'l, 23 Shatter Birln, Max, 163 Walnut Cohen, A., 11 York Braw, Abraham, 8 Lawrence Cohen, M. W., 110 Glenway Chester, F., 58 4th Cohen, S. D., 243 Columbia Rd. Cooper, M., 30 Chestnut Corne, Max C., 26 Canterbury Davidson, Alfred. 197 Chestnut Dana, Moses L., 27 Calder Finn, Morris, 66 Spruce Flanders, A. N.. 35 Highland Freedman, Robt.. 50 Parker Gerstein, Carl, 19 Fowler Fritz, Samuel, 126 Chestnut Goldman, A. C. 26 Angel Garb, Charles, 78 Franklin Av. Goldman, A. K., 39 Esmond Goldberg, J.. 74 Heard Isaacson. Myer H.. 20 Page Goldstein, Ch., 124 Spruce Jacobs, Hyman, 19 Fowler 46 JEWISH PUBLICATION SOCIETY 361

Lebowlch, Max, 11 Melville AT. Winograd, A., 50 Foster Massa- Levine, Henry M., 5 Nottingham Mehlinger, Albert, 21 Brinsley Winograd, J. D., 400 Ridge chusetta Mendelsohn, I., 158 Glenway Titch'burg' Miller, Sam'l, 61 Glenway Berman, A. O., 113 North Mittell, Abraham, 38 McCellan Borofsky, Jacob, 66 Boutelle Orlrin, Wm. .T.. 16 Grenock Feingold, Louis, 1 Winter Terrace Pakulski, H. L., 43 Alpha Rd. Fergenson, Harry, 12 Green Rabinowitz, Max, 42 Angel Gompert, H., 58 Blossom Silberstein, Fredk. L., 26 Johnson Greenberg, Max F., 229 Main Rd. Miller, Julius, 41 Boutelle Stone, Elihu D., 109 Elmo Rabinowitz, Harry L., 25 Willow Wymer, Henry, 235 Magnolia Rome, A. I., 35 Boutelle Y. M. H. A., D. L., Mekler, Vice- Rome, Lewis, 6 Boutelle Pres., 61 Glenway Sehack & Fine, 11 Olive Everett Gardner Bucholz, Solomon, 401 Ferry Friedson, Solomon, 50 Nichols Jaffa, J., 122 Parker Fall River Kessler, I., 48 Nicholas Bakst M., 400 Ridge Loffa, Jos. B., 255 N. Main Banov, N., 130 Fontain Myer, I., 6 W. Main Bareshosky, J.^ 47 Orchard Rosenberg, A., 64 Pleasant Barishawsky, David, 242 5th Batway, Max, 114 Jenks Gloucester Bramson, M., 61 Union Bernstein, Harry, 285 Main Cohen, Barnet, 131 Thomas Dandis, Wolf, 246 E. Main Davidow, Joseph, 146 Hunter Haverhill Feinberg, Harry, 322 Hope Alman, Nathan, 20 Gilbert Av. Finstein, Benj., 1440 Pleasant Apteker, Nathan, 373 Washington Galkin, Jacob, 435 Hope Benjamin, Aaron, 21 Essex Ginsburg, Harry, 413 Ferry Bersner, A. M., 34 Hancock Goldberg, Ellis, 189 Ridge Blatner, Max, 308 River Goldstein, B., 98 Jenck Burstein, Sam., 17 Ford Gollls, Sam'l, 209 Spring Cadtz, Abraham, 164 River Gourse, David L., 322 Hope Canin, Davis, 231 River Jaffe, Sam'l, 1448 Pleasant Cohen, Abram, 635 Washington Kahan, Ruben, 56 Davis Cohen, Joseph, 12 Ford Kooniovsky, H., 190 Spring Espovich, Jos. B., 67 Pilling Lesser, Lazar, 131 Thomas Glegansky, Simon, 29 Merrimack Levin, Sam'l, 298 3d Goldstein, Max, 14 Baldwin Macarovsky, Sam'l, 1T84 S. Main Gray, Louis M., 10 Freeman Naiburg, Sam'l, 815 Middle Harrison, L., 107 Washington Nulraan, H., 76 7th Hartman, D., 3 Park Av. Rachlin. D., 177 Quarry Jonas, Jos. A., 75 Brockton Av. Rosen, M., 216 Grove Karelis, S. M., 329 River Sackenoff, Mayer, 866 Pleasant Karelitz, Max, 331 River Sacknoff, Mayer, 2669 S. Main Lasky, H., 383 Washington Schaichetman, S., 196 Columbia Mandel, Jaeolj, 3 Marion Schwartz, Dr. M. R., 18 Cottage Mindel, Benj. D., 87 River Sherman, L., 1732 S. Main Morris, Moses. 122 Water Shogan, Benj., 184 Pleasant Ornstein, Mv?r T., 385 Washington Shwartz, S., 1668 S. Main Rosengord, Eli, 7 7th Av. Slavitsky, Israel, 1090 Pleasant Sadovitz, Myer, 104 River Smolensky, L., 227 Whipple Sandier, Hymun, 240 Washington Stone, Samuel, 201 Whipple Segal, Samuel, 252 Washington Teran, Adam R., 986 Cherry Shavitz, J., 200 River Tonkonogy, Morris Shofmaster, Nathan, 45 Arch Venlck, Rev. G., 45 Grant Shoul, Jacob, 13 Hancock Wells, James L, 600 Pine Silbulken, Max, 33 Arch Winegard, Sam., 27 4th Silbulken, Morris, 38 Varnum 47 362 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

Massa- Skoller, H., 102 River Shapira, Max, 29 Myrtle Ct. chusetta Starensier, Simon. 24 Arch Silverman, Jos., 81 Concord Stein, flyman, 237 River Smith, Max, 308 Park Stolinsky, Simon, 75 River Stainman, D., 134 Walnut Tikotsky, Sam., 39 Varnum Weinberg. Lewis, 429 Lowell Zelig, A., 24 Arch Weiner, Byron, 530 Essex Holyoke Leominster SPECIAL MEMBER Lubin, Robt C, 14 Monument Sq. Isenburg, J., 215 High Lowell ANNUAL MEMBERS Abrams, Leo, 24 Barclay Barker, A. G., 936 Dwtght Baker, David, 163 Howard Gold, Harry, 298 Elm Bass, Harry, 769 Merrimack Hirsch, Morris, 250 Pine Brams, A. L., 138 Howard Koplinsky, I., 80 Masher Braverman, Aaron, 133 Howard Muskat, Leo .T., 464 Maple Brickman, Sam, 139 Howard Potoski, L. M., 433 Elm Cahne, Eisy, 133 Howard Rosenberg, I., 835 Dwight Cohen, Rubin, 104 Chelmsford Simons, M. S., 511 High Cohen. Sam'l, 119 Howard Stein, Max, 467 Dwight Duffin, M., 29 Daly Wolman, Benj., 21 Longwood Av. Freeman, J.. 198 Westward Goldman, P.. 170 Westford Goldstein, Max, 153 Chamsford Hudson Goldwasser, David, 40 Ware Kroll, Louis, 58 Warner Goodman, Nathan, 135 Howard Selinsky, H., 0 Masson Hopner, Julius, 14 Metice Lewin, A., 108 Chelmsford Ipswich Marcus, M., 147 Lincoln Matlin. Simon Sushelsky, Morris Oken, Isaac, 22 Daly Paterlosky, Aaron, 41 Ware Lawrence Press, J., 185 Howard Astroff, S., 4 Lowell Richards, C. H., 115 Howard Axelrod, Davis, 104 Hancock Robinson, Julius, 118 Howard Berger, Hilag, 10 Sheridan Rome, Hyman, 129 Grand Berkover, Jacob, 14 Concord Rosentall, Goodman, 335 Middlesex Blotner, Simon, 147 Oak Saklod, Philip, 137 Howard Close, Louis, 92 S. Bway. Schulman, Morris. 167 Howard Cohen, Ben. 85 Warren Siegel. Barnet, 168 Howard Cohen, T. M., 609 Bway. Silverblatt, Bennett, 71 Central Dane, Jos., 80 S. Bway. Smith, D., 47 Ware Fishman, Dr. Maurice, 538 Haver- Snider. Hyman, 30 Washington hill Sokolsky, M., 18 Daly Gafinowltz, Goodman, 149 Valley Solomon, Max, 139 Howard Gerson. Harry, 10 Concord Sonder. Harry, 233 Middlesex Ginsburg, Israel, 154 Walnut Stall, P.. 117 Howard Goldberg, Morris H.. 7 Blakeline Steinberg, J.. 254 Middlesex Goldin, Max, 32 Oxford Sternbanm. M., 440 Lawrence Heifet, Sam, 11 Bradford PI. Strauss, Alexander. 78 Middlesex Kaplan, David, 478 Common Ziskind. David, 167 Howard Kaplowleh, Henry, 310 Park Ziskind, Hyman, 23 Washington Klein, Jacob. 37 Chathamsford Krlmgold, David, 79 Union Kusell, Jacob, 386 Park Lynn Landler. Znndel. 333 Hampshire Ablowitch, P., 32 Blossom Levenson, M., 80 Holly Finger, J.. 16 Crosby Levlne. J., 121 Lawrence Frankel, S., 24 Kensington Square Lous, M., 142 Arlington Goodman, H.. 5 Herbert Oppenhelm, David. 102 Auburn Grob, John, 180 Summor Sandier, Isaac, 45 V> Concord Jacobson, Isaac, 40 Lowell Schwartz, Meyer, 222 Bway. Klewansky, John, 47 Prospect 48 JEWISH PUBLICATION SOCIETY 363

Levine, Isaac, 62 Summer Methuen Massa- Linsky, I., 1 Central Av. chusetts Linsky, Max. 18 Mano Grenitz, Isaac, 146 Camden Lipman, Harry H., 51 Prospect Masofsky, Benj., 13 Rock AT. Milford Musinsky, J., 572 Eastern Av. Feingold, Israel, 107 Main Recht, Abraham, 116 Blossom Marcus, Nathan, 110 Congress Slobodkin, Philip, 16 Shaperd PI. Sickels, A. M., 3 Gibbon Av. Turow, Dr. Abram A., 196 Summer Weinberg, Miss Minnie, 51 Prospect Milville Yoffa, Chas. S., 1 Summer St. Ter- Israel, Simon race Young, M., 11 Federal Sq. New Bedford Abrams, Barnard, 925 S. Water Maiden Abrams, Wm., 17S S. Water Abramson, Ike, 32 Morton Ct. Augenstern, J., 258 B'way Adelsohn, Isaac, 493 S. Water Blacklow, H., 45 Upham Altman, J., 114 High Bornchoff, Rabbi B., 125 Bryant Ambush, Max, 467 S. Water Brecher, Charles, 98 Bryant Berkowitz, Julius, 105 South Cohen, Morris, 77 Faulkner Bronspigel, Max, 556 S. Water Einstein, Israel, 96 Lynn Cohen, Albert, 191 Purchase Freedman, Barnet, 98 Bryant Cohen Bros., 1088 Acushnet AT. Gilgoff, Joseph, 51 Newton Cohen, H., 500 S. Water Glickman, Jacob, 403 Eastern AT. Cohen, Joe, 789 S. Water Goldberg, M., 1 Lombard Ct. Cohen, Jos.. 512 S. Water Goldman, Charles, 134 Walnut Cohen, Rubin, 10 Bedford Goldman, Wm., 260 Cross Dratch, Benjamin, 178 Grinnell Goldstein, Dr. E. E., 134 Bryant Epstein, S., 253 Coggsbelle Green, L., 8 Boylston Fox, Benjamin, 17 Holland Herman, Isaac, 224 Bryant Glickman, Wolf, 577 S. Water Hoberman, Dr. S., 217 Bryant Goldstein, Max, 9 Cannon Jacobson, L. H., 55 Faulkner Horwitz, Jacob A., 101 South Kumln, B., 175 Holyoke Hurwitz, I., 146 Acushnet Av. Michelson, Abraham I., 392 Eastern Kaplan, Abraham. 490 S. 1st Av. Kestenbaum, E., 893 S. Water Morrison, Henry I., 268 Cross Levy, Abraham, 289 County PI. Perskey, Abraham S., 15 Newton Levy, Max, 72 S. 6th Rodinsky, A., 103 Boylston Lipson, M. H., 397 Cedar Grove Rosenblatt, I., 4 Short Lipson, Meyer, 1101 S. Water Rosenthal, M., 16 Hazelwood Lumiansky, B., 871 S. Water Savitz, Solomon, 68 Harvard Mechaber, Rachmiel, 87 Kenyon Shapiro. B., 45 Clark Raymond, Jos., 897 S. Water Shear, I. J., 238 Broadway Romanow, Hyman, 698 Purchase Sherman, Louis, 15 Stairbird Rosenthal, M., 205 4th Sokolovitz, Isaac, 354 Eastern Av. Russetto, Barnett. 67 Union Solomon, Max, 349 Cross Soforenko, J., 1089 Acushnet Av. Solomont, Simon, 133 Walnut Stern, W., 118 Acushnet Av. Sturisky. Nathan, 48 Granville Av. Stone, David, 344 Komploon Toeson, M.. 3 Lambert Vishnefsky, A., 795 S. Water Verlinsky, Sam. 12 Summit Wantman, Henry, 565 S. Water Weisman, Mayer, 207 Cross Yalov, Sam'l, 148 Ashland Zurier, Jacob, 112 S. 2d Marlboro Frutman, Z., 487 Lincoln Newburyport Kunen, I., 19 Mechanic Abramson, Jacob, 31 Merrimac Mason, B., 14 Newton Adnoff, Alfred, 8 Payson Rickles, Myer D., 21 Windsor Barth, Benj., 5 Oakland Black, H., 74 Water Cetlin, I., 40 Prospect Marshfield Checkaway, Benj., 7 Federal Felnberg, B. M. Checkaway, I., 7 Federal 49 364 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

Massa- Degel Machanaim Jehuda, care of Roxbury chusetts Jack Kleinman, 14 V2 Fair Adelman, Mrs. A., 2 Ellis Edelstein, Morris, 16 Fair Brody, E. J., 141 Harrishof Goldberg, J. Davidson, Dr. K. M., 193 Humboldt Kantrowitz, I., 14 Water Av. Kashdon, S.. 22 Liberty Chertok, Dr. M. A., 345 Blue Hill Kleinman, Jack, 14% Fair Av. Krakopsky, A. D., 8 Water Eichler, Rev. M. M., 64 Waumbeck Lubovitz, Isaac, 89 Water Flneberg, Simon, 52 Hollander Nemser, Ben, 5 Merrimac Ginsburg, Dr. Sam'l L., 5 Cardlngton Sherman, I., 16 Fair Ginzberg, Barnard, 24 Montrose Stillman, H. D., 142 Fair Halpern, Rev. M., 66 Brunswick Wagman, Aleck B., 9 Federal Israeli, Rabbi Phineas, 60 Lawrence Av. Newton Kasanof, David M., 235 Blue Hill Fried, Morris, 310 Watertown Av. Klein, Ignatz, 79 Waumbeck Northampton Louis, Max, 380 Blue Hill Av. LIBRARY MEMBER Pinanski, Nathan, 100 Lawrence Av. Conn, Marcus, 68 Main Shohan, Dr. Joseph, 156 Humboldt Av. Peabody Silver, Miss Rose. 119 Roxbury Korelitz, L., 25 Central Sodckson, Sam'l, 48 Holborn Stone, Samuel J., 33 Abbotsford Pittsfteld Ullian, O.. 17 Hollander Wolbursht. M., 96 Devon SPECIAL MEMBER Wyner, George, 22 Gaston England, Simon, 130 Wendell Salem ANNUAL MEMBERS Bernson, G., 3 Dodge Dorfman, Alfred S., 20 Daniels Av. Bernstein, Jos. W., 23 Front Janewith. Mrs. Jennie, 236 North Coller, M., 24 Peabody Klein, Adolph, 156 Newel Collier, A., 147 Daniels Rosenfeld, .T. S., 196 Francis Av. Freedberg, Hyman, 28 Ward Rosenthal, M. G. Frye, Wm. L., 13 Lincoln Av. Stein, R., 112 West Galpern, Louis J., 16 Carlton Goldberg, Max, 79 Lafayette Plymouth Goldman, Chas. A., 4 Central Berg, Jos., 289 Court Goldstein, H., 135 Derby Blocker, Max, 105 Sandwich Harris, H.. 5 Holly Cohen, Julius, 56 Main Hurwitz, B., 158 Derby Dezoretz, Solomon, 2 Pleasant Kimball. Israel, 10 Wall Geebes, Abram, 106 Sandwich Lesses, Dr. Max, 70 Essex Goldstein, L., 26 High Levin, A., 104 Boston Ivaplovitz, Harris, 52 High Levine, D., 3 Essex Marcus, Meyer, 41 Summer Linsky, L., 147 Derby Medud, Sam'l J., 38 Russell Miller, I. L.. 28 Norman Resnick, David, 45 Russell Morris, J., 21 Turner Resnick, Miss I., 92 South Novick, Bpnj.. 68 Hour Resnick, Morris, 96 South Pruchansky, S., 10 Dunlap Resnick, Morris, 105 Sandwich Rogers, David H.. 13 Park Av. Roblantz, Sam, 70 Summer Sushelsky, I., 1972 Hardy Sadow, Jacob, 48 Summer Swift, Morris, 24 Peabody Sherman, Abram, 106 Sandwich Tarshtzky, Jacob, 6 Beckett Steinberg, J., 57 Pleasant Winer, Max, 40 Boardman Toabe, Max, 296 Court Winer, Morris, 141 Derby Revere Somerville Shafer, H., 12 Nahant Av. Andelman, B., 98 Webster Av. Andelman, Ezra, 512 Columbia 50 JEWISH PUBLICATION SOCIETY 365

Bronstein, Max, 34 Prospect Taunton Massa- Cohen, Joseph, 103 Sycamore Absatkin, M., 34 Grove chusetts Hillson, H. M., 25 Grant Ashapa, J., 7 Jefferson Kreisman, B., 79 Webster Av. Berkover, Lewis, 15 Grove Levinson, Nathan J., 72 Line Berman, Louis, 24 Monroe Perlman, W., 92 Webster Av. Bernstein, Morris H., 16 Washing- Piekes, N., 22 Otis ton Robinson, Nathan, 475 Columbia Besbris, A., 16 Washington Rosenberg, W., 486 Columbia Burlak, B., 77 Weir Sanderson, Morris, 480 Columbia Cooperstein, Abraham, 56 Winter Siegel, A. J., 79 Webster Av. Cooperstein, M., W. Water Cooperstein, Moses, 66 Court Dana, Wm. J., 47 Hodges South Framingham Ellis, B., 36 Cottage Lavin, Simon P., 6 Cooliage Faber, Israel, 7 Hodges Av. Silverstein, M., 60 Franklin Fishman, Joseph, 25 Oak Goldman, Harry, 60 Park Goldstein, Jacob, 11 Myrtle Southbridge Grossman, Wolf, 6 1st Green, Morris, 15 Charlton Kaplan, J., 80 High Lakzinsky, P., 39 Crystal Kaplan, Joseph, 21 Hope Robbin, Ralph, 55 Mechanic Koltunsky, Sam., 40 Adams Levi, Abraham B., 12 Jefferson Av. Sandier, B., 45 E. Walnut Springfield Silverman, Sam., 29 Cohannet SPECIAL MEMBERS Stone, B., 89 Cohannet Ginsberg, Jacob, 161 Magazine Weinstein, I., 60 Park Kohn, Felix, 68 Plainfleld Widlansky, Walter A. I., 37 North Waltham Bayard, H., 224 Moody Canter, S., 51 Felton ANNUAL MEMBERS Cohen, Louis, 12 Beach Adaskin, Herman, 46 Alfred Genera), Jacob, Jr., 22 Frances Bassin, M., 31 Clinton Goldstick, M., 143 Ash Bearg, Benjamin, 46 Huntington Levine, Sam, 8 Elm Brooks, Richard S., The Republican Levison, David, 18 Fuller Brooslin, Samuel B., 11 Hebron Mason, Jos. B., 135 Alder Burack, Wm. J., 1381 North Mendelsohn, C. M., 319 Moody Cohen, Julius A., 386 Main Schwartz, M., 47 Moody Cohen, Morris A., 32 Taylor Shur, A. H., 8 Lexington Conn, Frederick, 318 Main Tickton, Daniel L., 313 School Cornell, Dr. Julius M., 120 Main Daniel, Harry, 26 Massachusetts Ware Av. Freeman, Hyman, 27 Church Bressler, Samuel, Nenamasick Sq. Gelfman, Abr., 9 Brooklyn Av. Kumin, M., 2 South Gelfman, Joseph W., 54 Hebron Gelin, Wm., 514 Main Webster Goldin, Joseph, 20 Hebron Cutler, H. G., 8 Church Ct. Goldstein, S., 231 Main Hollander, Morris, 23 Main Gordon, P., 22 Morgan Honig, I., 34 Chase Av. Harvey, Nathaniel M., 87 Green- Kleiman, B., 41 High wood Shea, Ike, 13 Crown Hirsch, Dr. H. L.. 200 Main Simmons, Frank, 6 Day Kingsberg, N., 14 Everett Weisman, R., 139 Main Krotinger, H. C., 70 Massasoit Lasker, Henry, 310 Main West Everett Levison, S., 350 Main Gordon, Sam'l, 43 Woodville Mirkin, Samuel, 62 Congress Rabinowitz, Frederick, 49 Clinton Westfleld Sagalyn, Ernest L., 58 Hebron Graham, Max, 17 Monrell Sosner, Sam'l, 18 Cypress Labrowitz, R., 184 Elm 51 366 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

Massa- Pomeranz, Moses, 28 Maple Jasson, Nathan, 105 Mechanic rhusetts Safer, Ph., 92 Franklin Kadish, S.. 127 Union Av. Simkowitz, Sam, 246 Elm Kaplon, Elizabeth D., 49 Water Kalz, Julius, 340 Main Kaufman, Lewis, 2 Black Worcester Kaufman, M., 130 Front Aisenberg, Jos. S., 48 Coral Kaufman, Sam'l, 61 Waverly Asher, Isaac, 58 Providence Koolper, Benj., 19 Waverly Brown, Dr. Joseph, 28 Providence Kromin, Samuel, 106 Lincoln Burwick, J., 20 Sushler Rd. Kumin, Harry, 17 Millbury Burwick, N., 98 Harrison Kurmin, Frank, 45 Providence Caplan, Louis, 48 Columbia Lehner, Rose, 80 Union Av. Chafitz, Sam'l, 47 S. Harding Leiner, S., 73 Green Chase, Ray, 8 Shannon Leve, Rev. B., 21 Waverly Cheiffetz, Abraham, 34a Providence Levlthan, M., 221 Front Cohen, A. Max, 34 Columbia Lewis, Israel I., 58 Providence Cohen, Harry, 100 Union Av. Lipman, Nathan. 52 Providence Cohen, Imen, 145 Water Marcus, S., 26 William Colten, R., 9 Columbia Mason, David. 66 Harrison Cotton, J., 50 Arlington Mintz, A., 112 Water Cotton, Max, 49 Produce Mintz, Max, 65 Harrison Dine, Y. H., 46% Providence Morell, N., 48 Providence Eisenberg, S., 90 Providence Morrill, Oscar, 73 Providence Elias, Saul, 320 Highland Morrill, S., 73 Providence Feigenson, A. K., 19 Barklay Nicoll, J., 47 Waverly Feingold, Louis E., 340 Main Pofcher, Dr. E. H., 133 Green Feingold, Saul H., 58 Providence Pollett, R. S., 46 Providence Feinscher, Sam'l, 4 Blake Putnam, Chas., 3 Marion Av. Feldman. M., 5 Allington Robins, M., 84 Grafton Fish, Isidor, 14 South Rome, Nathan, 54 Providence Free Public Library, 12 Elm Rosenthal, J., 5 Arlington Freedman, V. B., 5 Arlington Rozefsky, L.. 43 Providence Friedman, H., 5 Gold Rubin, A., 16 Coral Friedman, Solomon, 28 Providence Rubinowitz, A., 80 Providence Ginsburg, L., 119 Providence Saidel, M. D., 104 Union Av. Glick, H.. 26 Providence Salet, M., 27 Providence Goldberg, Sam, 15 Ledge Sandman, A., 2 North Terrace Goldsmith, S., 104 Lincoln Seder, Jos. S., 100 Harrison Goldstein L., 10 Columbia Seder, Sam'l, 2 North Terrace Goldstein, Samuel I., 112 Elm Shapiro, D., 41 Pennsylvania Av. Goodman, Harry, 54 Providence Shapiro, H.. 94 Water Goodwin, Harry L., 2 Tayler Shulinski, Jacob, 54 Providence Gordon, Max, 6 Water Siff, J. O., 96 Harrison Grace, Harris, 10 Coral Silver, Rabbi H., 17 Ledge Grodberg, H.. 8 Mott Simon, Sam'l E., 4 Kelly Grodberg & Hirsch, 43 Pleasant Slobin, Samuel, 14 Sheffield Hillman, A. M., 75 Providence Strickler, I., 17 Columbia Horowitz, Jacob, 55 Cedar Talamo, Mrs. J. M., 102 Providence Isenberg, David B., State Mutual Wolfson. Mrs. Sam'l, 74 Providence Bldg. Wolkowlch, Barnett, 193 Front Israel, A., 46 Providence Wolpert, Louis I., 2 Ledge Jaffe, M., 124 Grafton Young, Isaac, 16 Plymouth Michigan MICHIGAN Ahmeek Ann Arbor Cohen, Chas. Altman, Wm. H., 325 E. Jefferson Alma Mindel, B., 224 Gratiot Av. Battle Creek Amasa Franklin, C. H., 25 Warren Marks, Louis Franklin, M. J. Minkus, Louis Herman, Harry A., 130 Maple 52 JEWISH PUBLICATION SOCIETY 367

Kapp, August Beth El Temple Sab. School, care Michigan Lande, S., 5 W. Main of Rev. L. M. Franklin Leach, H., 89 W. Main Bloom, Adam E., 949 4th Lowenberg, A., 303 Lake Av. Blumenthal, D., 90 Alfred Polacheck, Arnold, 282 Garfield Av. Brilllng, Mrs. Henry, 96 Lincoln Taub, Sam'l, 90% E. Jackson Av. Butzel, Henry M., 36 Marston Ct. Bay City Butzel, Leo M., 66 Pallister Av. Cohen, A. Lapin, 126 John Rd. Fievensohn, M., 210 Latsfleld Cohen, H. B., 401 Russell Goldman, J. B., 421 Van Buren Cohn, Louis, 195 Winder Grabowsky, S., 014 N. Water Dreifuss, Maurice, 529 Ford Bldg. Greenberg, K., 908 McKinley Av. Ehrlich, Moe, 307 Hancock Helper, S., 249 Madison Av. Englander, J., 57 E. Adams Av. Hirschfeld, H., 114 N. Van Buren Ettinger, P., 157 Forrest Av., E. Kessler, Sam., 216 N. Monroe Finn, Barney, 38 Selden Av. Michelson, Win. S., 416 N. Jackson Finsterwald, Adolph, 67 Monroe Rosenberg, S. A., 301 N. Van Buren Frank, Charles, 766 Brush Frank, Harry, 255 Hastings Benton Harbor Frank, Meyer, 740 Brush Blvd. Block, David, 165 Pair Av. Frank, Sam., 259 Hancock Av. Friedman, A., 168 Lake Av. Franklin, Rabbi Leo. 10 Edison Av. Getz, Harry, 102 Winams Frledberg, J., 600 Brush Goldman, I., 127 Oden Friedman, Wm., 1706 Montcalm Goldstein, Sam., 185 Colfax Av. Goldman, A., 299 Beaublen Levinson, Herman, R. F. D. No. 6 Goldman, B., 285 E. High Simon, J. A. Goldman Bros., 418 Hastings Halbstein, Dr. L. N., 377 Hastings Calumet Heavenrich, Samuel, 620 Hammond Ruttenberg, Oscar Bldg. Helfman, H.. 107 Eliot Crystal Falls Hershman, Rabbi A. M., for Sunday Ruwitch, Herman School, 757 Brush Blvd. Warshawsky, Nathan Hershman, Rabbi A. M., 757 Brush Blvd. Detroit Hirschfeld, J., Room 8, Campan Bldg. LIBRARY MEMBERS Jacob, Ben B., 726 Brush Public Library Jacob, Wm., 184 Palmer Av. Traitel, Maurice, 149 Farnsworth Jacobs, A., 52 Alfred Jacobson, Benjamin, 26 Newberry SPECIAL MEMBER Bldg. Frohlich, Edward, 95 Edmund PI. Kahn, Max, 438 Goodmere Av. Kaplan, L., 1190 Brush Kaufman, S., 211 E. Montcalm ANNUAL MEMBERS Keidan, Harry, 598 Gratlot Av. Abramson, Jos., 145 W. Ferry Av. Kositchek, Ignace, 2S5 Warren Av., Alexander, Sidney L., 304 Kirby E. Av., S. Krolik, Mrs. Henry A., 115 High, E. Alpert, Daniel J., 438 Antolne Langer, Jacob, 251 Hancock Av., E. Amberg, Dr. Emil, 756 Cass Av. Levin, Rabbi J. L., 168 Montcalm Aronstam, Dr. Noah E., 166 E. Levy, Dr. David J., 35 Seward Av. High Levy, Wm. K., 136 Adelaide Becker, Sam'l, 273 Alfred Lieberman, M.. 98 High. E. Beisman, Dr. Jos. A., 630 Brusa Lightstone, Sam., 62 Brewster Bennett, Dr. Chas., 213 Woodward Londy, S., Fuller Hotel Av. Marymont, Jos.. 1023 Brush Berger, E. F., 103 Euclid Av., W. Meisner, Miss Bessie, 280 Winder Berman, B., 175 E. Elizabeth Mitshkun, M. D., 576 Hastings Bernstein, Dr. Albert E., 436 An- Moscowitz, P., 277 E. Warren toine Nelkin, Mrs., 1433 Antoine Bernstein, Dr. P. M., 432 Antoine Newman, Herbert J., 860 Brush 24 53 368 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

Michigan Parish, Joseph, 1183 3d Av. Finkelsteln, A., 220 Fulton Parnes, Louis, r>8 Rentin Fishman, M. Louis, 116 Canal Peck, Ignatz, 12U1 Majestic Bldg Grombacher, Louis, 263 Crescent Pressman, Dr. .T., 468 St. Antoine Av. Reich, Louis, 968 Michigan Av. Hart, Joseph S., 185 S. Cottage Av. Robinson, D., 181 Montcalm Houseman, H. L., 152 Madison Av. Rogroy, Abraham, 448 Antoine Jacobson, M., 57 W. Bridge Rosenberg, Louis J., 719 Majestic Kohn, Chas., Hermitage Hotel Bldjr. rantllnd", J. Boyd, Morton House Rosenthal, D., 316 Farnsworth Av. Simon, S., & Sons, 418 N. Ottawa Rosenthal. J. P.. 234 Montcalm, E. Wegusen, A. S., 580 E. Fulton Rosenzweig, S. D., 66 Connecticut Wolf, G. A., Michigan Trust Bldg. Av. Saperstein, N., 301 Hastings Hancock Sapiro, Abram, 142 Adelaide Sarahson and Cohpn, 399 Hastings Gartner, Jacob Sarahson, S., 261 Hancock Av., B. Scheinman, I. L., 31 Ravena Hawks Schloss, Seligman, 184 Jefferson Av. Buchbalter, Wm, Sellers, E. H., 79 Home Bank Bldg. Horwitz, Harris Selling:, Bernard B., 98 Virginia Av. Sempliner, Abram W., 112 Phila- Hougrhton delphia, B. Miller, I. Shapero, Meyer, 16 Elizabeth l'imstein, Hyman Shetzer, I., 309 Oratiot Av. Shnitz, S., 136 Eliot Hubbell Sllversteln, Hyman, 223 High, E. Simon, A., 33 Alfred Toplon, Mrs. Meyer Simons, Chas. C, 306 Perry Av., B. Simons, David W., 72 Erskine Jackson Sivy. Jacob, 257 Oratiot Av. Slnther. I., 323 Hastings Heuman, Chas., 345 3d Smilanslcy, Louis, 203 Warren Av. Ileuman, Maurice, 615 S. Mechanic Sorock, Dr. Emll, 531 Antoine Jacobs, J., 320 W. Mason Starr, M., 410 Hastings .Tacobson, Win., 106 Pigeon Steinberg, Chas., 16 Monroe Av. Rabinowitch, I., 257 E. Main Trnnsky, Peter, Lauraetta Apt., 402 Beaubien Kalamazoo Van Baalen, I., 51 Sproat Bernstein, Dr. B. J., 627 S. Burdick Velick, H. A.. 298 Kirby, E. Blumenberg, A. L., 217 N. Burdick Wpisbprg. Philip, 333 Winder Desenberg, Mrs. B. L., 304 W. Zackheim, M. H., 418 Hastings Lowell Desenberg, M., Sr., care of Columbia Flint Electric Co. SPECIAL MEMBER Desenberg, Meyer, Jr., 214 W. Dut- ton Benison, Ben;)., 214 S. Sagtnaw Folz, Samuel Lewis, Dr. Sam'I J., 1617 Pearl ANNUAL MEMBERS Oppenheim, Ben., 116 B. Vine Kobacker. Mrs. M. Silverman, I. L., 810 S. Burdick Lcbiter, L. S., 850 Garland Speyer, Adolph, 615 S. Rose Rosenberg, M., 330 E. Kearsley Stern, Sellg, 135 E. South Winegarden, H., C2.°, E. Kearsley Sternfeld, M., 516 W. Cedar Winegarden, Hyman, 111 W. 3d Av. Thurman, Rabbi Sam'I, 518 Walnut Ct. Grand Haven Lansing Kaden, J. M. SPECIAL MEMBERS Gerson, Jos., 610 Washington Av., Grand Rapids Belfer, Simon, 155 Monroe Simon, Jacob B., 606 Washington Braun, Frederick, Herkimer Hotel Av., N. 54 JEWISH PUBLICATION SOCIETY 369

ANNUAL MEMBERS Port Huron Michigan Cohen, Alex., 300 Oakland Block Cohen, Mrs. Leon, 215 Fort May, Louis J., 235 S. Washington Levine, L., 409 Butler Av. Rubinstein, A. Rappaport, Sam'l J., 416 St. Joseph N. Sagrinaw Wershow, S. M., 400 S. Pennsylva- Dembinskl, Louis, 217 N. Granger nia Av. Goldstein, Saul, 1100 Hancock Levinsohn, Harry D., 1320 German- Manistique town Av. Blumrosen, Moses Oppenheim, I., 333 N. Jefferson Philippe, A. D., 823 N. Hamilton Mareellus Sandelman, R., 1023 Emerson Stern, S. Seitner, S.. 541 S. Warren Muskegon Stark, J. H., 223 N. Porter Goldberg, Hiram, 9 E. Western Av. Weinberg, A. B., 200 Perkins Goldberg, M. J., 95 W. Western Av. Rosen, Abe, 29 Western Av. St. Joseph Rosenthal, Bertha, 17 Monroe Av. Mayer, George, Crawford Flats Rubinsky, H. Niles Sault Ste. Marie Julius, Charles Moses, D. K.

MINNESOTA Minnesota Duluth Minneapolis Abrahamson, Mrs. W. M., 1331 2d, Abeles, Abbie M., 2115 Aldrich Av. E. S. Cohen, Hyman A., Ashtabula Flats Adelsheim, E., 2310 Colfax Av., S. Elevitch, H., 15 W. Lemon Avin, Elijah, 53 Highland Av. Friedman, Mrs. J. J., 130 8th Av., E. Bank, Meyer, 117 Highland Av. Garon, A., 601 1st E. Bardin, Leon, 309-Aldrich Av. Gittelson, S. E., 400 Superior, W. Bearman, A. N., 501 Pennsylvania Goldberg, Mrs. Saul, Hotel Holland Av., N. Hammel, Louis, 1423 3d, E. Berman, Mrs. A., 711 Elwood Av., Hirschfield, Dr. M. S., 409 New N. Jersey Bldg. Berman, D., 1326 Fremont Av., N. Horowitz, E., 221 3d, E. Braunstein, E. L., 403 Lyndale, N. Josephs, H. T., 1124 Superior, E. Brecher, Hans, 2640 Dupont Av. Kapplin, A. B., Frederick Hotel Brill, Josiah E., 509 Andrus Bldg. Karon, A. S., 1226 3d, E. Brin, Arthur, 3117 5th Av., S. Kohn, Victor, 301 4th, E. Central Library, 10th and Hennepin Lefkovits, Rev. Dr. M\, 1919 3d, E. Av. Levin, Mrs. Gust, 431 E. 2d Cohen, Emanuel, 313 Nlcollet Av. Levin, S. I., 117 W. 3d Cohen, Jacob, 816 N. Emerson Levy, Harry M., 501 E. 2d Cohen, Dr. Nathan N., 642 6th Av., Meyers, Chas. P., 219 4th Av., E. N. Oreckovsky, Chas. D., 121 E. 3d Conner, Chas., 801 Irving Av., N. Oreckovsky, J., 531 E. 2d Conner, N., 615 Fremont Av., N. Schwartz, Dr. A. H., 1603 Superior Dockman, Benj., 1406 5th, N. Sells, L. J., Spalding Hotel Dockman, Michael, 2515 Columbus Silberstein, B. Av., S. Simon, W., 406 E. 5th Eisenstadt, N., 629 Lindale PI. Wolfe, Jos., 214 W. 1st Eisler, Adolpb, 2427 Chicago Av. Zalk, Louis, 300 E. Michigan Feigelman, Louis, 626 Fremont Av., N. Fligelman, J., 2304 Lyndale Av., S. HibMng Friedland, S., 31 Highland Av. Kahn, Louis, 325 Center Friedman, J., 1941 S. James Av.

55 370 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

Minnesota Gelb, Julius, 611 6th Av., N. Woolpy, J. H., 1817 Chicago Av. Genser, Moses, 1514 10th Av., S. Wunderman, C. M., 1412 S. 5th Goldberg, Aaron, 2!>32 Portland Av. Zeissman, J. M., 522 N. Bryant Goldberg, Harry, 1527 Hawthorne Zieve, Rimal, 501 Pennsylvania Av., N. Goldblum, Chas. B., 905 14th Av., S. Ziskin, H., 3 Highland Av. Goldblum, Dr. Geo. J., 2308 Girard Av., S. Goldman, B. M., 701 Oak Lake Av., St. Paul N. Goodman, John, 2012 Chicago Av. SPECIAL MEMBER Gordon, Dr. George J., 815 E. 18th Greenberg, Louis, 1106 Bryant Av., Hirschman, B. M., 849 Laurel Av. Harpman, J., 320 New York Life Bldg. ANNUAL MEMBERS. Heller, Mrs. A. H., 2012 Aldrich Av., Aberle, D., 736 Lincoln Av. S. Bechhoefer, Chas., Natl. German Hirschfield, A., 1021 Washington Am. Bank Bldg. Av., N. Birnberg, Dr. A. M., 516 Ashland Jakuner, S., 51 Royalston Av. Blebert, M. B., 132 Eaton Av. Jeffrey, M., 615 E. 17th Calmenson, Benj., 586 Canada Juster, Charles, 1114 S. 6th Edelman, Sam, 57 W. 3d Kaufman, Geo. H., 1015 N. 5th Firestone, Milton P., 410 Globe Bldg. Klekner, Max, 1819 S. 16th Av. Frankel, Hiram D., 854 Holly Av. Kronengold, M., 511 N. Aldrich Av. Frankel, Louis R., 936 Ashland Av. Kronick, M. J., 2014 S. Dupont Levinson, H. L., 621 Lyndale PI. Frankel, Max, 924 Hague Av. Levitt, Chas. L., 1612 W. 25th Friedman, Chas., 1624 Hague Av. Liss, H., 1130 Lyndale Av., N. Geller, A. B., 98 S. Robert Marker, Harry, 1132 Lyndale Av., Goldberg, S. J., 393 Marshall Av. N. Goldman, Herman, 256 Grove Markus, Peter, 619 Aldrich Av., N. Goldstein, C. A., 100% N. St. Alban Mikolas, Eugene, 2426 Portland Av. Goralsky, Ed., 198 E. 13th Mikolas. Mrs. L. R., 2508 Dupont Greenberg, Ph., 266 E. 9th Av., S. Guiterman, Ambrose, 215 Nelson Av. Moss, Mrs. Chas., 101 1st Av., N. Heim, Moritz, 47 E. 6th Nadler, Sam, 721 Bradford, N. Hertz, A. J., St. Paul Hotel Noodelman, Myer, 1332 Irving Av., Hoffman, S., 203 E. 13th N. Horwitz, Harry B., 1053 Ashland Rappaport, Solomon, 533 Lyndale Av. Av., N. Horwitz, Henry E., 633 Dayton Av. Rauch, Dr. Chns.. 1407 S. 7th Klein, Jos., 940 Selby Av. Rosenberg, H., 106 Highland Av., N. Krawetz, Jos., 220 E. 13th Rosenberg, Jonas. 1318 Vine PI. Makiesky, A., 533 L'Orlent Rosenstein, Moses, 2525 4th Av., S. Mogilner, Jos., 240 Morris Schanfeld, Joseph, 729 E. 17th Orenstein, L. F., 187 Rondo Schreiber, Maurice, 1130 Lyndale Public Library, Mrs. H. J. McCanie Av., N. Roisner, S., 98 S. Robert Schwartz, Mayer, 240 4th Av., S. Rosen, I., 612 Chamber of Commerce Segal, Harry C, 621 Lyndale Av., N. Rothschild, Dr. H. J., 948 Hague Av. Seham, Dr. M., 637 6th Av., N. Rothschild, Louis, 1185 Laurel Av. Selser, Chas., 26 Washington Av., N. Rubenstein, S., 1142 Portland Selser, S., 1516 10th Av. S. Schwartz, Louis B., 200 13th Silber, Morris, 127 Highland Av. Sherper, Dr. Myron, 237 Lowry Silberman, Chas., 1924 Elliot Av., S. Bldg. Silk, C, 555 6th Av., N. Simon, D., 554 Waconta Weil, Isaac, 42 S. 6th Skorish, M., 643 Olive Weinberg, B. L., 428 20th Av. Weiss, Harry, 424 Globe Bldg. Weiskopf, Henry, 1007 1st Av., S. Winnick, Dr. J. B., 595 Canada Winthrop, M. S.. 355 Temple Court Zelgler, Dr. Sam'l, 6th Av. and Still- Wolpert, A., 1118 Knox Av., N. water 56 JEWISH PUBLICATION SOCIETY 371

MISSISSIPPI Mississippi Brookhaven Bottigheimer, Rev. S. G., 211 S. Lewinthal, Max, Lock Box 188 Commerce Prank, Henry, 310 N. Pearl Laub, David Corinth Rubin, Maurice, 518 N. Pine Rothschild, Sig. Samuels, E.. Clifton Heights Rubel, Abe Scharff, Monroe Rubel, Ike Seiferth, Jon., N. Union Greenville Zerkovsky, C. Bogen, E. J. Goldstein, Nathan Port Gibson Hafter, Charles, 210 S. Hines Abraham, Louis Harris, C. S., 212 S. Hines Bernheimer, Jacob Hartman, M. M. Pried, B. Riteman, Louis H., 500 Central Av. Jalenak, Jacob Sternheim, Rabbi Bmanuel Marx, H. Vicksburg Meridian Baer, Leon, care of Brown & Baer Goldstein, W., 711 23d Bernstein, L. S., 1315 Walnut Loeb, Alex. Cohen, P., 1106 Grove Lowi, Ike, 2915 7th Peder, David, 1107 Walnut Raisin, Rabbi Max, 1725 24th Av. Peld, P. H., 1310 Main Stanley, W. B., Asylum Heights Pischel, L. R., 1015 Harrison S. S. Cong. Beth Israel, care of Hirsh, J. Rabbi Raisin, 1725 24th Av. Kory, Rabbi Sol. L., 1318 Baum Threefoot, H. M. Landau, M. D. Lustberg, Chas. Marcus, S., 818 Monroe Natchez Nelson, J. E., 1115 1st, N. Abrams, Sam Religious School of Cong. Anshe Beekman, Mrs. P., 301 N. Commerce Chesed B'nai Israel Library, care of Rev. S. Rice, H. E., 2200 Cherry G. Bottigheimer, 211 S. Commerce Rose, Mrs. A., 110 South MISSOURI Missouri Kansas City Lehman, Dr. Alex. S., 909 Woodland Av. SPECIAL MEMBERS Lehman, Wm., 4400 Campbell Harzfeld, J. A., 2417 Linwood Av. Leschin, J., 1917 Linwood Blvd. Jewish Educational Inst., Admiral Loebenstein, Dr. Sam'l, 3120 Har- and Harrison rison Louis, A. I., 118 S. Kensington ANNUAL MEMBERS Lyon, Mrs. Lee, 3518 Harrison Askanas, A. L., 1125 Main Blvd. Block, Max M., 3119 Forest Av. Mayer, Rabbi Harry H., 2600 E. B'nai Jehuda Congregation, Lin- 28th wood Blvd. & Flora Av. Morris, M.. 1301 Independence Av. Brenner, Max, 1518 Lydia Av. Public Library, 9th and Locust Brenner, S. H., 415 S. W. Blvd. Reefer, M. C. Davidson, Julius, 302 Kemper Bldg. Rosenwald, Dr. Leon, 408 Argyle Flohr, Jacob, 2501 Forest Av. Bldg. Friedberg, Harry, Coates House Rubin, Heiman, 306 Gumble Bldgr. Goldblatt,' Jos. M., Y. M. C. A. Young Maccabean, The, care of Jew- ish Educational Inst. Goodman, Sam, 2733 Harrison Weinberg, B., 2603 Lnckridge Jacobs, Dr. Benj., 2919 Olive Wolf, Dr. I. J., 202 Argyle Bldg. Karol, J. B., 18 W. 13th Kessel, Mrs. Laura, 2918 Park Av. Louisiana Kirschbaum, Louis, 541 Delaware Michael, Isadore 57 372 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

Missouri St. Joseph Llppman, S. M., 4360 Page Av. LIBRARY MEMBER Michael, Ellas, 4383 Westminster PI. Joseph Lodge No. 73, I. O. B. B., Russack, Max, 4350 McPherson Av. care of B. M. Achtenberg, 314 Sale, Lee, 5200 Waterman Av. Ger. Amer. Bank Bldg. Schapero, Louis, 388 N. Euclid Av. Simpkin, H., Walton and Laclide Rd. SPECIAL MEMBERS Stix, William, 4642 Lindell Blvd. Binswanger, Simon, 918 Sylvanie Phillip, Ben, 821 N. 24th Westheimer, Eugene F., 205 S. 3d ANNUAL MEMBERS Abbey, Adolph, 5763a McPherson ANNUAL MEMBERS Av. Abramson, J. I., 408 S. 12th Aberson, Ph., 4235a Page Av. Berger, J., 1303 Sylvanie Adler, H., 2818 Gamble Cushman, M., 733 S. 10th Alch, E. M., 2636 N. Euclid Av. Dolginoff, H., 620 S. 9th Alch, Dr. Geo. H., 4546 Cook Av. Eliscu, Fred'k, 212 S. 17th Appel, Nathan J., 4529 Easton Av. Elsass, Otto, 2H1 W. 89th Baer, William, 415 Commercial Bldg. Payman, A., 1006 N. 3d Bass, Simon S., 1109 Clark Av. Fogel, Max, 702 S. 6th Berman, M., 4024 W. Belle Frumhoff, I., 4th and Edmond Bernitz, Jos., 3125 Belle Av. Goldman, Jos., 2204 Frederic Av. Bierman, Sam'l, 4337 W. Belle Av. Joffe, D., 2321 St. Joseph Av. Blass, Bernard, 2920 Dickson Ladensohn, H., 615 N. 17th Blitzstein, J., 5875 Easton Av. Newburger, Bernhard Block, Joseph, 5869 N. Market Newman, Frank L., 2013 Duncan Block, L. A., 1135a Walton Av. Putter, Mrs. J., Missouri and King Blumberg, D. L., 1138 Aubert Av. Blumenstock, Anna, 4347 Cook Av. Hill Av. Boehm, Sol., 3S06 Delmar Blvd. Reich, Morris, 2802 S. 17th Bowman, D. A., 4617 Westminster Rosenthal, J., 307 S. 6th PI. Saferstein, II. I., 731 S. 9th Bowman, Samuel, 605 Third Nat. Silverman, Eugene, 1430 S. 25th Bank Bldg. Spring, Sam'l B., 1923 S. 11th Brandt, A., 5024 Page Blvd. Westheimcr, Ferd. Brasch, E. L., 3112 N. 25th Brasch, Leo, 3055 Dickson St. Louis Brasch, Sam'l C, 1421a Granville PATItON PI. Stix, Charles A., 26 Portland Bregstone, H. H., 5330 Gibson Av. Brod, Isidor. 5204 Page Blvd. LIBRARY MEMBER Caplan, Ephrim, 908 Wainwright Bldg. Ebn Ezra Lodge No. 47, I. O. B. B., Caplan, Dr. L., 407 Lister Bldg. Henry H. Furth, Sec, 307 Mis- Cartun, S., 1147 Union Blvd. souri Trust Bldg. Cohen, N., 3540 Easton Av. Cohn, D. L., 759 Baerd Av. SPECIAL MEMBERS Cong. Sbaare Emeth, Lindell Blvd. Altheimer, Benj., 217 N. 4th and Vandeventer Boehm, Dr. Jos. L., 3806 Delmar Av. Cytron, Gustave, 3403 Ends Av. Coben, L., 1014 N. 7th Deutsch, A., 1725 Franklin Av. Emanupl, E. R., 4827 N. Pine Diamond, Phil, 723 N. Vandeventer Fraley, Moses, 26 Portland PI. Av. Goldman, Simon, 2921 Locust Eiseman, David, care of Rice Stix, Goldstein, Lenore, 4060 Washington D. Gd. Co. Av. Engel, J., 6028 Maple Av. Golland, Dr. N., 4183 W. Belle Av. Evans, Shepard R., 4748 Cook Av. Greensfelder, B., 421 Olive Farb, A., 2901 Dayton Hoffman, Dr. Phil., 3657 Delmar Feinberg, Dr. S.. 1620M> Biddle Blvd. Feinstein, A., 5886 Easton Av. Horwitz, Dr. Alex. E., 5188 Von Fisculowitz, H., 5922a Theodosia Versur Av. Lippman, Dr. G., 4317 Lindell Blvd. Fischlowitz, Isidore, 3220 Morgan 58 JEWISH PUBLICATION SOCIETY 373

Plelschman, Dr. J. C, 1026 N. 14th Loeb, Dr. Hanau W., 537 N. Grand Missouri Preedman, Alex., 1382 Blackstone Av. Friedman, J., 4753 Easton Av. Loewenstein, Arnold, 2847 St. Vin- Friedman, Lester, care of Friedman, cent Shelby Shoe Co. Luballsky, W., 3685a Laclide Av. Friedman, N., 1235 Kingshury PI. Margulis, Dr. A. A., 1714 Can- Puller, A., 32 Washington Terrace Mayer, Emil, 5535 Waterman Av. Furth, Jacob, 3951a McPherson av. Mayer, Louis, 307 3d Nat. Bk. Bldg. Gallant, C. Lew, 4032 Castleman Av. Messing, Rev. Dr. H. J., 5249a Gellman, L., 1128 N. 12th Morgan German, N. J., 6226 Easton Av. Moritz, Dr. Gustave, 5037 Cabanne Gibbs, Joseph, 4017 Lindell Blvd. Av. Ginsburg, A., 1382 Arlington Av. Nathan. Emil, 5037 Waterman Av. Glicksberg, L., 5380 Easton Av. Newman, J., 5239 Delmar Blvd. Godlove, Louis, 2344 Whitmore PI. Nider, M 4446 Delmar Av. Gold, Sam, 1244 Franklin Av. Persow, S., 4312 W. Bell PI. Goldman, Sol., 907 N. 11th Plan, S., 4651 Cook Av. Goldman, Wm H., 1025 N. 17th Pollock, S., 1600 Knapp Goldstein, Jacob, 405% Sarah Public Library, Olive, 13th to 14th Graber, A., 4471 Page Blvd. Reichman, D., 4307 W. Belle Av. Graber, S., 4827 Delmar Av. Rice, Jonathan, 3733 Pine Greenberg, H., 5248 Theodosia Av. Rosenberg, Simon. 821 Lucas Av. Grossman, L., 612 N. Taylor Av. Rosenfeld, A., 5043 Cabanne Guntzler, Theo. L., 6194 Washington Rosentreter, Rev. Adolph, 4311 W. Av. Bell PI. Harrison, Rev. Dr. Leon, 4131 Mary- Rovitsky, J., 5185 Vernon Av. land Av. Rubinowich, L., 1444 Chase Hesselberg, M., 1410 N. Kingshigh- Russack, S. J.. 434 W. Bell PI. way Blvd. Rutstein, A. M., 4106 St. Louis Av. Horwitz, Edward S., 4337 Page Blvd. Sacks, B., 4211 W. Belle Av. Horwitz, Dr. M. R., 5224 Delmar Sale, M. N., 5632 Cabanne Av. Blvd. Sale, Dr. Sam'l, 4621 Westminster Husch, Dr. Herman, 5575 Water- PI. town Av. Sandperl, Max, 5636 Cabanne Av. Jewish Educational Alliance, N. W. Schapero, H., 5005 Page Blvd. cor. 9th and Carr Schmidt, Herman, 4360a Page Blvd. Jewish Press, The, 1212 High Schumitzky, Alex., 4710 Delmar Av. Kahn, Miss Babette, 3906 Delmar Schumitzky, Louis, 4710 Delmar Av. Blvd. Schwartz, S., 1166 N. Kingshighway Kalish, Ralph, 5927 De Giverville Sender, H., 4144 Westminster PI. Av. Shank, J., 407 N. Euclid Karpel, S., 1719 Franklin Av. Shapiro, Dr. M., 1502 Franklin Av. Klein, Sam., 1410 N. Kingshighway Shapiro, Max, 1111 N. 15th Koplitsky, S. J., 4551 Easton Av. Shapiro, Morris, 11th and Franklin Landesman, Ben., 4640 Evans Av. Av. Lasersohn, A. J., 4646A Ferdinand Shroder, S. W., 5077 Washington Lasky, Jacob, 5172 Kensington Av. Blvd. Lemberg, Chas., 821 N. Lefflngwell Shucart, J., 4653 Delmar Av. Av. Shucart, L., 1256 Union Blvd. Lentzner, A., 512 Franklin Av. Siegfried, H., 4550 Cook Av. Silverman, Wm. L., 8 N. 20th Levinson, H., 1203 Clara Av. Simon, S., 1244 Hodiamont Av. Levinson, Morris G., 5156 Waterman Spector, Dr. I., 1815 Carr Av. Spitzburg, L., 3404A Park Av. Levitt, Samuel. 5058 Maple Av. Straus, Wm. J., 617 N. Taylor Av. Levy, Aaron, 4757 Westminster PI. Torin, L., 4063 Olive Lewin, Dr. Wm. A., 5305 Delmar Treichlinger, David, 813 Spruce Blvd. Tucker, Miss Rose, 1437 N. 18th Lieberman, E., 1232 N. Vandeventer Tuholske, Dr. H., 4405 Westminster Lipkind, Rev. G., Windermere Hotel PI. Lippman, Julius, 4452 Evans Av. United Hebrew Congr. S. S., Kings- Lipsitz, Dr. S. T., 5040 Fairmount highway and Von Verson Av. Av. 59 374 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

Missouri Unterberger, T., 1302 N. Kingshigh- Wolf, Alexander S., 1392 Granville way PI. Walport, Jesse A., 5273 Washington Wyman, J., 2804 Gumbel Weinstein, F., 4950 Delmar Av. Yawitz, Frank, 3820 Page Av. Weiss, Max L., Globe Democrat Yawitz, Harry L., 3915 St. Louis Av. Bldg. Yawitz, Morris J.. 3965 McPherson White, J., 1042 Temple Av. Yawitz, Samuel, 916 Whittier Wild, Julius, 3504 Barret Young Men's Hebrew Association, Willner, S., 1248 S. Bway. Euclid and McPherson Avs. Wiman, J., 1918 Belt Av. Zemelman, S., 4733a Vernon Av. Wohl, Morris Zillman, Ben., 3039 Minnesota Av. Montana MONTANA Butte Helena Braley, Miss Mary T., 120 So. Es- Heller, Robt. celsior Loble, Henry Davies, John F., Box 211 Poznanski, Sol. Nebraska NEBRASKA Columbus Gross, Harry, 501 S. 22d Helphand, D. Hiller, Henry, 3521 Farnam Hirschberg, Jos., 1615 Howard Grand Island Hirschmann, Dr. H., 1029 S. 31st Wolbach, S. N. Katz, Sam'l, 3707 James Kirschbaum, Louis, 403 S. 38th Lincoln Kneeter, L., 506 S. 16th Newmark, M. A., 1705 C Lesman, Simon, 1539 N. 19th Pepperberg, Julius, 813 O Mandelson, S., 3310 Hamilton Monheit, A., 403 S. 16th Omaha Monheit, M., 403 S. 16th SPECIAL MEMBERS Monsky, Henry, 2215 Webster Levy, Morris, 15th and Farnam Nathan, Chas., 506 S. 19th Nathan, Louis, 725 S. 18th Rosenthal, H., 1043 S. 30th Av. Omaha Public Library ANNUAL MEMBERS Orkin, Julius, Loyal Hotel Abrahams, H. J., 2104 Douglas Peilen, Louis I., 220 Bee Bldg Arkin, Morris, 316 S. 15th Rips, Abe, 2639 Davenport Auerbach, Herman H., 725 S. 18th Riseman, Harry, 318 y3 N. 16th Berenstein, H., 214 N. 16th Romm, Dr. A., 2008 Burt Bergman, Sol., 325 S. 37th Rosenblum, M. H., 702 N. 19th Boswell, G., Box 472 Schoenwald, Harry, 520 S. 13th Brodky, David, 545 S. 25th Sher, Dr. Philip, 1613 Burt Cohn, Rev. Frederick, 1302 Park Sugarman, Martin, 615 Brandies Av. Bldg. Dansky, Sam'l, 418 N. 21st Temple Israel Sab. School, care of Elgutter, Chas. S., 424 Bee Bldg. Rev. Fred. Cohn Emdin, Rev. B., 1919 Burt Wilinsky, Harry, 1512 N. 20th Fleishman, E., 1919 Burt Wolf, H. A., 218 N. 22d Gordon, Morris I., 843 S. 22d Yoffe, Nathan, 307 Boston Store Gross, David B., 1819 Cass Bldg. NevaJa NEVADA Reno Schwarzschild, Julius, Box 808 New NEW HAMPSHIRE Hampshire Concord Derry Village Cohn, A. I., 16 Union SPECIAL MEMBER Saidel, Leon Shapiro, Harry, 40 Merrimack Tansky, Edward, care of Hood Farm 60 JEWISH PUBLICATION SOCIETY 375

Manchester Schwartz, ,T., 215 Cedar New SPECIAL MEMBER Sheinfeld, Harry, 66 Auburn Hampshire Slosberg, Myer, 217 Hanover Stoll, Isaac, 290 Cedar Specter, Louis, 232 Lake Av. Steinberg, Bernard, 151 Spruce ANNUAL MEMBEKS Stutman, Israel, 243 Lake Av. Alter, Jacob, 186 Auburn Sullivan, S., 1149 Elm Ansell, Louis, 224 Green Talent, Max J., 122 Manchester Baran, David, 418 Cedar Thai, John, 56 Laurel Baumstein, Louis, 271 Auburn Waisman, Morris, 232 N. Central Belogratsky, Sam, 17T Central Waisman, Sam'l, 190 Cedar Bronstein, Max, 100 Laurel Weiner, Moses, 633 Elm Charron, Sam., 59 Cedar Windheim, Abner S., 130 Merrimack Chase, E. M.. 90 Harrison Chirurg, Dr. C, 241 Central Av. Cohen, David, 258 Grove Nashua Drucker, Jos. M., 20 Hanover Altman, Max, 49 Tolles Eluto, Jos., cor. Auburn and Pine Blume, S., 35 Tolles Fealk, I., 35 Spruce Cohen, B. H., 33 Pine Feldman, H., 91 Ash Cohen, B. L., 61 Walnut Feldman, Max L., 363 Pearl Cohen, M. H., 62 Lock Felsher, Louis, 131 Hanover Dagerson, H., 65 Lock Felsher, N., 161 Hanover Dalinsky, S., 41 Whitney Finblatt, Isaac, 393 Manchester Davis, A., 21 Factory Fineblit, Sam'l, 393 Manchester Druker, Myer, 11 Temple PI. Finman, Isaac, 38 Bredy Edelstein, M., 5 Cottage Av. Fleischman, Simon, 98 Penacook Goldinkoff, L., 101 Tolles Garber, Isaac, 161 Hanover Goodman, A. j., 30 Factory Gordon, Louis, 336 Lake Av. Gordon, C. H., 57% Pine Gordon, Raphael, 393 Manchester Hackaway, Sh., 15 Tolles Hoffman, Sam'], 190 Cedar Katz, I. M. Kaniger, Ellk, 186 Auburn Kesler, S., 50 Tolles Katz, Samuel, 40 Lowell Levine, Rubin, 53 Whitney Katz, Simon, 189 Lake Av. Mandelson, J. C 60% Walnut Katz, Wille Mandelson, M., 97 Palm Kniager, Abraham, 146 Spruce Marcus, D., 24% Washington Knieger, M., 158 Auburn Mirsky, J., 62% Lock Letvinchmen, Himen, 130 Spruce Nusenow, Sam'l, 39 Tolles Levenson, Jacob. 313 Laurel Paimer, M., 13 Tolles Lowenstam, S., 339 Spruce Shaber, Sam'l, 35 Factory Lubia, Joseph, 126 Merrimack Sharpe, H., 39 Tolles Mellan, Isak, 212 Lock Av. Sharpe, S., 55 Whitney Mushlin, Sam'l, 276 Summer Simberg, N., 64 Main Perelman, Abe, 23 N. Main Simon, Joseph, 60 Walnut Plosner, P., 529 Massebisick Slawsky, A. B., 5 Charles Resnik, Israel, 224 Green Springer, M., 2 White Retman, Jacob, 130 Marianak Rich, Abraham S., 255 Green Newmarket Rosenberg, Morris, 47 Lake Av. Rosenblum, M., 184 Laurel London, M. H. Rosenblum, S., 834 Elm Schlachter, Hime. 82 Lake Av. Somersworth Schwartz, D., 195 Lake Av. Wimpfheimer, N. NEW JERSEY New Jersey Atlantic City Nauy, Mrs. S., 700 Arctic Av. SPECIAL MEMBERS Silberman, A., 2309 Atlantic Av. Bria, Arnold de, 15 N. Virginia Av. Weinsaft, Martin, Florida and Fair- Brown, Henry, 31a N. Maryland Av. mount Avs. Gross, D., 36 N. Georgia Av. Krulewitch, Mrs. Chas., 2218 At- ANNUAL MEMBERS lantic Av. Banner, Michael, Amsterdam Apts. 61 376 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

New Jersey Barab, Harris, 217 N. Delaware Av. Ost, Dr. Morris R., Geneva Hotel, 9 Baron, N., 2224 Arctic Av. S. Georgia Av. Berkowitz, Max II., 228 N. Muss. Poland, Dr. Jos., 1006 Pacific Av. Av. Ralph, S., 121 N. Illinois Av. Blum, Mrs. Anna, 46 N. Maryland Rome, Louis, 2523 Atlantic Av. Av. Roschovsky, Dr. Jos., 1717 Atlantic Blum, Morris, 2527 Atlantic Av. Av. Blum, Paul P., 2727 Atlantic Av. Ruvensteln, A., 1023 Arctic Av. Blumberg, Isaac, 1201 Mediterra- Sachs, Leo, Amsterdam Apt. nean Av. Sailer, M., Cecil Hotel Byer. M., 15 N. Virginia Av. Sandman, Myer. 1109 Atlantic Av. Cassman, HarryD., 1638 Atlantic Av. Schiffer, Jos.. 261 Rosemont Av. Cohen, Frieda M., 1026 Atlantic Av. Schiffer, Mark. 115 N. Michigan Av. Cohpn, Henry, 138 N. Ohio Av. Shapiro, Jos., 635 Arctic Av. Cohn, Abraham, 1715 Atlantic Av. Sherman, Rubin. 626 Pacific Av. Cohn, Albert S., 517 Boardwalk Shultz, John, 411 Madison Av. Efron, Morris, Hotel Majestic, S. Silverman, Dr. Benj., 1901 Atlantic Virsinia Av. Finkelstein. M., 166 S. Virginia Av. Sloss,' M.. 2225 Atlantic Av. Fisher, Rabbi Henry, 109 Seaside Soltz, Albert, 2315 Atlantic Av. Av. Sternberg, A., 35 S. Penna. Av. Glasgow, Mrs. Sophin, 2412 Pacific Streitfeld, Solomon, Geneva Hotel, 9 S. Georgia Av. Av. Subrensky, N., 6 S. Carolina Av. Golfer, Leon, 2507 Pacific Av. Supin, B., 207 N. Massacuhsetts Av. Gorson, Morris M., 121 N. Pennsyl- Weinberg, Dr. Chas. B., 1006 vania Av. Pacific Av. Gots. M., 2304 Baltic Av. Weinberg. Samuel. 2226 Pacific Av. Gottlieb, I., 1434 Atlantic Av. Weiner. Samuel, 30 N. Georgia Av. Greenberg, J., Baltic and Virginia Welnsaft, Louis, 2:!20 Boardwalk Avs. Weintrob, Alexander, 703 Atlantic Greenstone, Morris, 901 Baltic Av. Av. Gross, Louis, 1003 Atlnntic Av. White, M., 729 Atlantic Av. Grossman, Joseph, The New Roman, Williams, Dr. M., 59 N. Missouri St. Charles PI. Av. Hnlpern, Henry, 1740 Atlantic Av. Willinms, Dr. Maurice, 4 Champion Hanstein, Mrs. Clara L., Royal Apts. Palace Hotel Williams, Nathan, 2318 Atlantic Hlrsch, Aaron, 1605 Atlantic Av. Av. Hoffman. H.. 1734 Atlnntic Av. Winer, B., 11 N. Illinois Av. Hyman, J. B.. 2316 Arctic Av. Jaspan, J., 713 Arctic Av. Jetties, H. A., P. O. Box 284 Bayonne Josephs. Mrs. P., 1830 Atlantic Av. Freedman, Jacob M., 438 Broadway Kloin, W. B., 104 N. Tennessee Av. Herman, Jacob, 653 Av. C Kotok, Harry, 32 Reed Av. Herman, Meyer, 94 W. 31st Krechmer, Ellis, 717 Atlantic Av. Levy. Max. 459 Av. C Krechmer, Mendel, 2323 Atlantic Marshak, Dr. M. I., 13 W. 23d Av. Nalitt. Dr. D. I., 24 E. 22d Levy, Mrs. Daisy C, 1428 Atlantic ITslander, Abraham I., 411 Av. C Av. Warshawsky, J., 499 Broadway Lewis, A., 514 Arctic Av. Lewis, Simon, 1101 Baltic Av. Bloomfleld Lippman, A., 2303 Arctic Av. Llppman, S. M., G. 5, Champion Hauser, Win., 279 Bloomfield Av. Bidg. Mizen, J.. 1210 Pacific Av. Bridgeton Morris, B.. 1705 Atlantic Av. Rosenthal. D., 149 Walnut Morwitz. B.. 320 Boardwalk Sagel Candy Co., 30 Atlantic Muhlrad, William, 15 S. Delaware Av. Nathans, Mrs. Horace A., S. E. cor. Califon Milledgerville and Atlantic Avs. Topkins, Dr. I. 62 JEWISH PUBLICATION SOCIETY 377

Camden Elmer New Jersej Blank, Jacob Z., 1103 Broadway Armon, Aaron Cades, Louis, 1150 Broadway Epstein, Dr. A. M., 928 Broadway Fuhrman, Nathan, 933 Broadway Englewood Kligman, Morris, 529 Kaighn Av. Jolles, Bdw., 45 Liberty Road Lichtenstein, H. S., 1014 S. 3d Levinsohn, Joseph, 15 Tenafly Road Markowich, H. W., 420 Mechanic Murock, Mrs. Edith H., 1318 Prin- cess Av. Gloucester Natal, Benj., 315 Market Markowitz, Julius, 207 Hudson Plnsky, Philip, 913 S. 3d Tartar, Joseph J., 508 Kaighn Av. Guttenlberg: Tarter, Louis, 628 Kaighn Av. Sadofs, Aaron N., 35 Pacific Av. Weinstein, Sam'l, 325% Kaighn Av. Cape May Hackettstown Klein, Benjamin, 312 Washington Waterman, Felix, P. O. Box 64 Carteret Hotoken SPECIAL MEMBBK Brand, Isidore H., 84 Washington Shapiro, H. Goldram, N. M., 71 Washington Herschensohn, Miss Nima, 322 Park ANNUAL MEMBERS Av. Linsky, David, 82 Rockway Av. Kislak, Julius I., 408 Clinton Richman, Rabbi Jacob Lichtenstein, B. M., 604 River Pollak, Henry, 408 Washington Chrome Rubens, Rev. Chas. C, 620 Bloom- field Av. SPECIAL MEMBER Schiller, Albert S., 609 Bloomfleld Juskovits, Sam. Av. Solomon, Alfred E., 314 Washing- ANNUAL MEMBERS ton Duban, Solomon Steinberg, Jacob Jersey City SPECIAL MEMBER East Orange Cohen, Henry D., 542 Palisade Av. Back, Mrs. A., 16 N. Arlington Av. Mendelsohn, Mendel R., 167 Central Av. ANNUAL MEMBERS Berman, Harold, 356 York Elizabeth Blumberg, Max, 712 Newark Av. Jacobson, Barnett, 414 S. Park Goldstein, Abraham J., 47 Duncan Jacobson, Harry, 96 1st Av. Jacobson, Sam'l M., 171 4th Gross, Emanuel, 315 Henderson Kessler, Harry, 200 3d Heanel, Jacob, 342 Communipaw Koestler, Samuel, 207 Broad Av. Kristal, Sam'l, 1219 B. Grand Jacobovitz, Elias, 7 Montgomery Leavit, N. R., 130 Broad James, Peter H., 1 Montgomery Reiner, Dr. Jacob, 132 B. Jersey Joseph, I., 294 Central Av. Robinson, Dr. Moe, 1016 E. Grand Lebow, Dr. A., 128 Newark Av. Stamler, John J., 207 Broad Levy, Felix A., 254 Seydam Av. Wagner, Dr. J. H., 84 3d Levy, Louis, 437 Hoboken Av. Weiner, David, 134 3d Malkin, M., 552 Palisade Av. Whynman, Dr. Jos., 15 3d M.ix, Louis, 167 Claremont Av. Yadwln, Louis E., 89 1st Milkofsky, Benj. J., 350 Montgom- ery Elizabethport Powell, Elias, 333 Central Av. Holtzman, Alexander J., 223 2d Schreiber, Meyer S., 565 Palisade Horowitz, Jake, 176 1st Av. Shulman, Morris, 363 Bond Shacter, I. M., 54 Newark Av. 63 378 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

New Jersey Madison Kaplan, Jacob, 88 Stratford PI. Karrakis, Joseph, 171 Springfield Isaacs, B. A. Av. Maywood Kessler, Dr. Henry B., 14% Norfolk King, Nathaniel, 348 Clinton Av. Zalkind, Philip Klausner, Sam'l, 266 15th Av. Koflen, Morris, 186 Springfield Av. Millville Kohn, Mrs. Clara, 48 S. 7th Balinsky. Louis P., W. Main Kohn, Leon A., 292 Springfield Av. Scoble, Walter B., 323 Vine Konwiser, A. L., 183 Hillside Av. Sheffer, Harry, 318 Main Konwiser, Louis, 121 Hamburg Pi. Sutton, I. W., 4 W. Broad Krim, Isidore, 190 Prince Krohn, Abraham E., 352 Fairmount Newark Av. SPECIAL MEMBERS Krueger, Joseph, 278 Littleton Av. Berla, Amzi, 213 Plane Kuretzky, Maurice R., 18 Avon PI. Goetz, Joseph, 27 Clinton Av. Kussy, Herman, 294 Springfield Av. Kussy, Myer, 30 Navin PI. Kussy, Nathan, 828 Broad Lanclt, Dr. Louis A., 84 Spring- Schlesslnger, Louis, 74 Clinton Av. field Av. ANNUAL MEMBERS Leber, Samuel F., 238 Washington Alper, Mrs. Frederick, 79 13th Av. Lehman, Lesser, 144 Front Alpert, Dr. N., 42<1 High Levias, Caspar, 157 Chadwick Av. Anspach, Eugene J., 583 Broad Lowenstein, E., 21 Hedden Terrace Bamberger, Louis, 147 Market Lowenstein, Isaac, 12 Baldwin Av. Block, Max. 302 Spring-field Av. Margulles, Joseph, 203 18th Av. Bromberg, B., 35 Rose Marx, Max, 99 Shanley Av. Cohen, Burnett, 153 Fairmount Av. Marx, Morris, 482 Springfield Av. Cohn, Joseph E., 36 Mercer Matz, Borris B., 41 Broome Cohn. Saul, 59 Hillside PI. Melsel, Jacob, 22 Bedford Danzis, Dr. M., 40 Mercer Melsel. Simon, 196 Ferry Danzis, Maurice. 489 S. Orange Av. Mendel, Miss Frieda, 372 High Davidson, Dr. Louis L., 116 Spruce Mendel, William, 679 High Diamond, Morris, 7fi Littleton Av. Mendelsohn, Jacob, 88 Stratford PI. Elln, Dr. Joseph, 156 Spruce Mondelson, M., 150 Prince Federmnn, Philip II., 28- S. Orange Miller, Anna R., 79 Baldwin Av. Av. Newman. Jacob L., Sawyers Bldg. Forman, Samuel, 388 Springfield Ohob Shalom Hebrew School, care of Av. David Hoffman, 158a Quitman Foster, Rev. Solomon, 264 Clinton Penn, H. M., 70 Williams Av. Plaine, Nathan, 34 13th Av. Gallop, MattliPW, 28 Farley Plaut Memorial School, care of Mrs. Gladstone, Rrv. P.. 313 15th Emma Plaut, Prince Olassenberg, N., 132 Spruce Poliakow, Aaron, 182 Broome Glikin, Isadore. 170 Prince Price, Rev. Sam'l, 136 New York Av. Goldberg, Sam'l, 205 Hunterdon Radin, Dr. H. R., 234 Springfield Goldsmith, Mrs. David. 699% High Av. Greenberg, Dr. Sam'l, 67 Stratford Religious School Cong. B'nai Jesh- (Treenfield. William, 800 Broad urun, care of Rabbi Solomon Fos- Grotta, Mrs. Theresa, 20 Nelson PI. ter, 264 Clinton Av. Gutman, S., 85 Broome Rich, William S., 201 Springfield Hahn, Henry, 63 Avon PI. Av. Harris, Joseph. 97 Bruce Rosenthal, Leon, 103 Prince Hauser, D., 151 Boyd Rothschild, Abraham, 1001 Broad Herzberg, Max J., 20 Rldgewood Ruback, Meyer, 65 Boyd Av. Rutldn, B., 200 Hunterdon Hoffman, Rev. Charles I., 158a Samel, Leo, 330 Chancellor Av. Quitman Schotland, Philip J., 39 Nelson .Tedel, Dr. M., 125 4th Schwartz, Samuel, 30 Osborn Ter. Kahn, Alfred H., 534 Clinton Av. Schwarz, Dr. E., 561 High Kalisch, Abner, 92 Market Seidman, Dr. Marcus, 580 High 64 JEWISH PUBLICATION SOCIETY 379

Sichel, Moses, 354 S. 11th Saxe, Miss Martha J., 73 2d New Jersey Silberfeld, Rev. Julius, 344 High Weinberger, Harry II., 222 Gregory Soshinsky, I., 235 Waverly Av. Av. Stahl, J., 32 Bleecker Paterson Stein, Dr. Harry, 121 Springfield Atkins, Ralph, 442 Main Av. Barnert, Joel, 284 Ellison Stein, Leo, 257 S. 7th Barnert, N., 2S5 Broadway Sterling, S., 191 Newark Basch, Isaac, 99 Main Stern, Carrie S., 50 Thomas Cohen, A. D., 121 Carroll Straussberg, Marcus, 565 High Cohn, Marcus, 229 Broadway Unger, Samuel, 114 Pacific Fabian, Jacob, 209 Main Warshawsky, Edward, 121 Hillside Franklin, Herman, 123 Broadway Av. Grover, Louis, 80 River Weiss, Dr. Louis, 227 S. Orange Av. Isaacs, Dr. Abram S., 447 Ellison Yadkowsky, Harry, 50 Charleston Joelson, Dr. M. S., 132 Paterson Katz, Mrs. Philip, 419 Broadway New Brunswiok Kltay, Mrs. S. B., 15 N. Main SPECIAL MEMBER Lapat, Max Landsberg, Henry Mannheimer, Rev. Leo, 486 E. 29th St. ANNUAL MEMBERS Pansy, Joseph, 123 Governor Amdur, Mrs. Eva, 46 Dennis Rosenberg, Louis, 45 Broadway Anekstein, J., 117 French Shapiro, Martin, 392 Ellison Barnett, R., 105 Carro PI. Simon, I., 450 Ellison Bears, A., 28 Church Stare, Louis, 111 Governor Cohn, Theodore, 47 Church Stein, Benj. L., 126 Market Feller, Meyer, 142 Burnett Av. Surnamer, Dr. I., 89 Bridge Fischler, Morris, 25 Kirkpatrick Weingaertner, Moses, 27 Carroll Freedman, J. H.. 129 Burnett Av. Greenberg, M., 12 Peace Perth Amboy Jelin, Abraham SPECIAL MEMBERS Katz, Nathan, 61 French Metzandorf, A. N. Levine, B., 218 Burnett Av. Polinsky, S., 31 William Lipman, Jacob, Experiment Station Marks, Robt, 52 Remsen Av. ANNUAL MEMBERS May, Adolph, Albany and Neilson Bellkove, S. Rodbortt, J., 35 Peace Goldberger, Max. 338 State Slonim, S., 93 Bayard Greene, S. N., 393 State Stern, Rev. Dr. J. Ludwig, P. O. Box Singer, I., 176 Smith 478 Watman, G., 58 Church Plainfleld Feinberg, Harry, 552 W. 5th Norma Newcorn, William, 204 W. Front Eskin, I. Rosenbaum, Henry, 237 W. Front Orange Schloss, Moses, 326 E. Front Schwed, Herman, 99 Westerwelt SPECIAL MEMBER Av. Michael, Oscar, 98 Harrison ANNUAL MEMBERS Pleasantville Hurwitz, H., 59 Parrow Mendell, Jos., 317 N. Main St. Jacobs, J. Jonas, 255 Central Av. Red Bank Passaic Eisner, Sigmund Albert, Herman, 85 2d Kridel, Mrs. J. Balson, Henry, 23 Monroe Salz, Joseph Baum, Dr. Sona, 150 2d Furman, Edward I., 182 Summer Rosenhayn Furman, Leo S., 182 Summer Gerson, B. S. Goldman, Philip, 171 Columbia Av. Greenwood, Dr. N. S. Lichtenberg, Alex., 134 Columbia Jncobs, H. Av. Schub, Rev. I. 65 380 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

New Jersey Rutherford Vineland Zimmerman, Julius, 28 Park Av. Cohen, Hyman, 527 Landis Av. Greenberg, J., 809 Landis Av. Jacobson, George, E. P. D. No. 6 Somerville Liptz, A., 527 Landis Av. Schwed, Charles, 79 W. Main West Hoboken Burstyn, Henry, 551 Spring South Orange Eischmann, Norris, 414 Spring Garbow, Wm., 549 Spring Beck, Charles I. Kramer, Louis, 492 Spring Cohen, Jacob, 310 Academy Myerson, O., 215 Summit Av. Fuld, Felix, 802 Centre Older, Dr. Ben.t, 520 Clinton Av. Silver, Louis, 619 Spring •Union Hill Shulman, A., 270 Bergenline •Woodbine Bayard, M. L. Kisenberg, W. Tipper Montclair Geller, Henry W., Supt. Baron de Ledz, Max, 10 Watching Av. Hirsch Farm School New Mexico NEW MEXICO las Vegas Stern, Jacob, 1027 8th, B. Las Vegas Davis, Isaac Hebrew Ladies' Benevolent Society, Koswell 1118 8th, E. Las Vegas Jaffa, Nathan New York NEW YORK Albany Marx, Albert I., 42 State Millstein, Isaac, 34 Green LIFE MEMBER Minkin. Leopold, 2 De Graaf Bldg. Rosendale, Hon. Simon W., Albany Muhlfelder, David, 50 Jay Savings Bk. Bldg. Muhlfelder, Isidor, 126 Lancaster Neuman, Dr. Leo H., 194 State ANNUAL MEMBEUS Poskamzer, Robert C, 78 State Beth Emeth S. S. Library, care of Schlesinger, Rev. Dr. M., 334 Hud- A. I. Marx, 309 S. Pearl son Av. Bloch, Lester W., 441 Hudson Av. Simon, Kassel, 63 N. Pearl Bookhelm, L. W., 261 Hamilton Sporborg, Mrs. Henry J., 106 Lake Bookheim, Solomon, 54S Madisun Av. Av. Stern, Charles M., 2 S. Main Av. Boschever, S., 317 S. Pearl Wachsman, Isidore, 19 S. Pine Av. Caplan, Chas. H., 78 Herkimer Waldman, Mrs. L. S., 365 State Drooz, Louis, 108 Grand Waldman, Louis I., 78 Willett Fenster, Joseph, 65 S. Allen Waldman, Milton C, 310 Statfi Frank, J. B., 82 Madison Av. Wildore, Louis, 147 S. Pearl Friedman, J. S., 367 State Fuld, David. 345 State Amsterdam Goldenson, Rev. S. IT., 551 Myrtle Lasner, J., 40 E. Main Av. Levington, M., 38 Greene Goldstein, A., 147 S. Pearl Mark, Carl, 272 Guy Park Av. Helser, Mrs. S., 128 Lancaster Meyer, David M., 71 Grove Hessberg, Albert, 222 Lancaster Stolz, Rev. Dr. J. H., Hessberg, Samuel, 38 Willett Stone, Lewis, 124 E. Main Hlrschberg, Louis, 164 S. Pearl Williams, C. M., 40 E. Main Illch. Julius, 56 N. Pine Av. LIpman, Henry W., 614 Madison Bath Beach Av. Brody, S. T., 137 Bay 22d Mann, B. A. Rublnowitz, Adolph J., 1648 Bath Mannesovitch, Wm. I., 245 S. Pearl Av. 66 JEWISH PUBLICATION SOCIETY 381

Binghamton Brooke, B. H., 283 Broadway New York Brooklyn Hebrew Orphan Asylum, Frechie, S. M., 212 Court 373 Ralph Av. Broude, B. W., 1361 72d Brooklyn Brown, M. SPKCIAL MEMBERS Buckenholz, Miss Elizabeth, 68 Apfel, Charles L., 6818 10th Av. Grove Efi-os, Israel Burr, Paul Eisenbach, Michael, 043 St. Marks Casper, Arthur, 1602 Pitkin Av. Av. Chanowitz, Nathan, 1260 30th Friedman, Sam., 215 Roebling Cohen, Abraham S., 217 Manhattan Gavrelewich, D., 70 Seigel Av. Levin, Mendel, 29 Moore Cohen, Alex., 328 Stone Av. Pacht, Edward, 1015 Lafayette Av. Cohen, B., 230 17th Salzer, Max Henry, 433 Bushwick Cohen, Harris, 483 Grand Av. Cohen, Israel, 87 Graham Av. Stern, Jacob, 260 Watkins Cohen, Louis, 234a Vernon Av. TartokofC, M., 1662 Eastern Park- Cohen, P., 109 Pulaski way Cohen, Samuel M., 5622 4th Av. Cohen, Rev. Simon R., 1387 Dean ANNUAL MEMBERS Cohn, Dr. M. A., 460 Stone Av. Abelman, Max, 264 E. 25th Conn, Max, 969 De Kalb Av. Abelow, Sam'l P., 367 Clifton PI. Cummings, David, 68 S. 4th Abels, S., 930 73d Davidson, Maurice P., 646 B. 18th Abelson, Rabbi A., 678 De Kalb Av. Diamond, W., 46 Union Av. Adler, Jos., 422 Lafayette Av. Eisenberg, Nathan, 90 Manhattan Allen, Isaac, 448 Stone Av. Altman, IC, 385 Sheffield Av. Av. Annenberg, Jos., 384 Vernon Av. Eiser, Henry, 183 S. 2d Apatow, M., 426 Bushwick Av. Ellenbogen, M., 755 Driggs Av. Apfel, Dr. PI., 333 Pennsylvania Av. Kngel, Jos. G., 348 President Apfelbaum, Herman, 1539 55th Epstein, Harry J., 196 Roebllng Applebaum, H., 274 South 2d Epstein, Isaac Aron, Mrs. A., 435 Lorimer Epstein, Simon, 792 Greene Av. Balkind, J. L., 8701 2lst Av., Ben- Ettinger, Bertrand, 74 Beaver Feinstein, Abraham, 23 Hale Av. sonhurst Feit, Julius G., 299 S. 2d Bassel, M., 134 Vernon Av. Felt, Albert G. Berkowitz, Isaac, 1396 Pitkin Av. Feuerstone, Dr. E., 655 Willoughby Berkowitz, Sam'], 1401 Pitkin Av. Av. Bernheimer, Dr. Charles S., Pitkin Fine, Dr. Sam'l, 331 Pennsylvania Av. and Watkins Av. Bernstein, A. N., 758 Flushing Av. Finkelsteln, M., 124 Havemeyer Bernstein, Alexander A., 5903 17th Finkelstein, Nathan B., 39 Thatford Av. Av. Bernstein, John L., 399 E. 11th Finkelstein, Reuben, 1502 Eastern Berow, Dr. I. I., 4220 13th Av. Parkway Besdlne, Louis, 410 Pulaskl Frank, B. M., 109 India Birnbaum, Gustav, 1207 E. New Frank, Simon, 1434 57th York Av. Fried, Charles, 1014 Park PI. Blackman, M., 428 Bushwick Av. Friedman, Benjamin, 175 Christo- Blau, Rabbi Joel, 5S8a Monroe pher Bloch, Miss Bertha, 683 Washington Friedman, Max, 263 Vernon Av. Fuchs, Symon, 160 Tompkins Av. Bloom, Moses, 1232 50th Fuerstain, Jacob, 371 William Av. Blum, B. C, care of Abraham and Gasner, Leopold Straus Geduld, Chas., 1774 Bergen Blumenau, L., 161 Smith Germain, L.., 552 5th Av. Booth, Julius D., 464 Willoughby Gershow, Ralph, 288 Bushwick Av. Av. Getz, David B., 208 Christopher Av. Brenner, Hon. Jacob, 252 Carroll Gill, H., 690 Willoughby Av. Brightman, S. D., 1567 53d Gingold, D., 119a Summer Av. Brodsky, Marx, 209 S. 3d Ginsberg, Fannie, 1242 39th 67 382 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

New York Glickman, I. M., 1574 Eastern Park- Kempner, Otto, 53 Linden way Klinkonstein, J. J., 77 McKibben Gluckman, Abe, 829 Hart Kohan, J. H., 51 Eldert Godnick, Wm., 768 Union Kohn, Mrs. Max, 1300 Putnam Av. Goffen, Dr. A. M., 158 Hart Korn, Sam'l, 22d and Gravesend Av. Gold, Louis, 44 Court Krasner, David G., 297 Hopklnson Gold, Louis, 098 Myrtle Av. Av. Goldfarb, Rabbi Israel, 389 Clinton Kratter, Louis, 164 5th Av. Av. Kraus, S. B., 935 Broadway Goldschmidt, Wm., 809 E. 16th Krendel, Morris, 86 Saratoga Av. Goldston, Jacob, 12 Harrison Av. Krimsky, Dr. Jos., 290 Bradford Goldwater, Harry, 474 Bainbridge Kugel, Simon H., 758 Union Goodman, Irving, 551 Rockaway Av. Lampert, M. Albert, 73 Chester Gordon, Dr. M., 333 Stone Av. Lebovitz, B., 675% 3d Av. Gordon, Wm. Lefkowitz, Isidor, 217 Stagg Greenberg, B. B., 97 Bradford Leralsky, M., 146 Manhattan Av. Greenberg, Mandel, 352 Busbwick Levi, N. H., 297 Decatur Av. Levine, Dr. S., 305 Pennsylvania Av. Greenblatt, Leon, 846 Flatbush Av. Levinson, David, 511 Bushwick Av. Greenebaum, Dr. Leo, 453 Saratoga Levinson, Rabbi Sam'l, 671 West- Av. minster Rd. Greenebaum, Milton, 1410 Av. I Levinthal, Rev. Israel, 497 6th Greenstone, Meyer S.. 21 Smith Levy, Abraham, 557 5th Groberg, Nathan, 1139 Manhattan Levy, Eliot, 461 3d Av. Levy, Mrs. Isaac, 702 Putnam Av. Groden, Morris, 268 Hart Levy, Nathaniel H., 129 Tompkins Grover, E., 513 Sutter Av. Av. Gurlan, Morris, 13 Seigel Levy, Samuel, 697 St. Johns PI. Gusman, Maurice, 477 Schenck Av. Levy, Sam'l H.. 48 Debevoise Haber, Julius, 164 5tb Av. Lindes, Dr. Wm., 1780 St. Johns Halperin, Dr. Jacob. 349 Stone Av. PI. Halperin, Julius, 525 Watkins Lippman, Meyer, 127 Glenmore Av. Harris, B., 890 Flushing Av. Lippman, Samuel Harriton, Harry, 260 Clinton Lipshitz, Bernard, 1242 40th Hayman, Dr. Abe, 73 McKihben Lissok, Sam Henriques, Miss Bstelle, 69 Halsey London, Abraham, 239 S. 2d Hershenov, B., 237 Powell Lorentz, Moses L., 596 Monroe Herzberg. Albert C. 958 E. 13th Lourla, Dr. Leon, 249 Hewes HIrsh, Hugo, 391 Fulton Lyon, Charles, 116 Vernon Av. Hoffman, I., 149 Summer Av. Lyons, Iiev. Alexander, 526 8th Holtzberg, Jos., 201 Christopher Malsel, U>r. Joseph, 136 3d Av. Hurwitz, Harry M., 957 Broadway Mandlberg, Abraham, 766 Broadway Israelsohn, Max, 639 Grand Av. Mandel, Chas. I., 136 S. 9th Israelson, ,T., 290 Flatbush Av. Mandelbaum, Dr. Max, 37 Debevoise Jacobs, James I., 402 56th Manhelmer, S. S., 1437 51st Jacobson, Isidor, 183 Heyward Margolin, M., 2139 Pacific Av. Jacobson, John M., 1637 60th Margulies, Dr. Wm., 63 McKibben Joachim, B., 591 Putnam Av. Markel, A. J., 130 Graham Av. Joachim, Charles J., 149 Bainbridge Mateles, Henry, 1653 Broadway Junior League Cong. B'nai Sholaum, Matshak, Harriet, 1345 51st care of Public Library, 6th Av. Matz, Israel, 606 Bedford Av. and 9th Meserltz, Isaac, 47 Bogart Kane, Dr. H., 213 Boerum Michtown, Morris, 759 Howard Av. Kapit, Harry A., 802 Broadway Miller, Max, 466 15th Karisk, Louis, 152 Prospect Pk., W. Miller, Morris, 2586 Fulton Karnof, Otto, 178 Rodney Miller, Dr. P. M., 477 Stone Av. Katz, A., 78 Graham Av. Mitchell, W. L., 122 Summer Av. Kaufman, Dr. B., 482 Stone Av. Morais, Rev. H. S., 8675 Bay 24th Keiser, Maurice, 1130 40th Moritz, Comdr. Albert, 723 E. 18th Keller, L., 84 Bartlett Morris, Z. A., 64 Humboldt Keller, Louis, 873 Park Av. Natanson, Dr. G., 269 Pennsylvania Kemp, Dr. Chas., 69 Tompkins Av. 68 JEWISH PUBLICATION^SOCIBTY 383

Neveloff, M., 462 Blvd., Rockaway Schachman, C, 70 Varet New York Beach Schaffer, Jacob, 926 Broadway Niahman, I., 104 Moore Schmiltka, Jos., 94 3d PI. Norek, Rudolph Schmookler, Isaac, 793 Flushing Norman, Dr. Max, 430 Hopkinson Av. Av. Schwartz, Mrs. David, 107 6th Av. Offen, S. D. 154 Grand Schwartz, Victor, 333 Stone Av. Offenbach, A. D., 331 Vernon Av. Schwartzman, Jos., 132 Powell Ogus, A. D., 549% Kosciusko Schwarzschild, Selig M., 1359 51st Osserman, Louis, 884 Flushing Av. Seidman, J. A., 551 Mansfield PI. Pacht, Philip, 10 Covert Seidman, Nathan, 1731 Pitkin Av. Pacht, S., 228 Johnson Av. Seinfel, Henry, 1509 Eastern Park- Paleias, Adolph, 570 Willoughhy way Av. Seltz, Louis, 343 Bedford Pecker, Ralph, 368 Dumont Av. Semel, Joseph, 256a Vernon Av. Pessin, Geo., 47 Hinsdale Shaftel, Dr. Sam'I, 75 Morrell Pinkus, Louis, 222 Moore Shampinsky, Wolf, 638 Blake Av. Plzer, J., 699 McDonough Shapiro, I., 716 Broadway Plotkin, Dr. Henry, 479 Stone Av. Shapiro, Israel, 1361 46th Polonsky, Dr. Jos., 336 Pennsylva- Shapiro, Morris, 1749 Pitkin Av. nia Av. Shapiro, Dr. Simon, 430 Stone Av. Prensky, Joseph, 165 Pulaski Shlivek, Abram, 157 Richmond Prensky, N., 80 Graham Av. Shlivek, H., 331 Irving Pressel, Morris, 43 Bartlett Siegel, Dr. A. S., 448 New Jersey Progebin, Dr. Abraham, 164a Tomp- Av. kins Av. Siegel, Theo., 851 Greene Av. Quint, Ben, 1237 39th Siegmund, J., 126 Glenmore Av. Rabbinovitz, Dr. Samuel, 71a Sum- Silberman, David, 384 Sheffield Av. mer Av. Silberstein, J. Rabiner, B. B., 223 Bushwick Av. Sllberstein, Max, 291 Snyder Av. Rabinowitz, David. 319 Osborn Silpe, Elias, 624 Blake Av. Rabinowitz, H. M., 149 Watkins Silverman, Dr. E. G., 1258 41st Rachlen, Dr. A. Silverman, Irving, 957 Broadway Raisin, Abraham, 189 Rodney Simon, A. H., 50 Thatford Av. Raisin, Rev. Jacob S., 1345 54th Slavin, Michael, 62 Floyd Reiss, Mai, 124 Stuyvesant Av. Slote, Dr. S. H., 75 MeKibben Rhine, Meyer, 197 Hart Smith, Frank, 631 Dumont Av. Rinder, Rev. R., 118 S. 3d Smith, Jos., 1526 54th Rivfein, Dr. JOB. G., 427 Sackman Sobel, Jacob, 184 Rutledge Robinson, Benjamin, 98 Humboldt Sobel, Samuel, 211 Rutledge Rosahnsky, Dr. Herman, 1627 Pit- Spear, Sam'I, 823 Gates Av. kin Av. Spiegel, Jacob, 182 Middleton Rose, Maurice, 331 Powell Strauss, A. H., 623 Carroll Rosen, Bernard, 1646 50th Suffin, Dr. Ph.. 232 S. 1st Rosenbaum, Davis, 292 Livonia Av. S. S. of Cong. B'nai Sholaum, care of Rosenberg, Jacob, 479 Stone Av. Rabbi I. H. Levinthal. 497 6th Rosenfeld, Dr. W., 3."1 Pennsylvania Sweedler, Nathan, 462 Stone Av. Av. Tarasch, Louis, 1862 Pitkin Av. Rosoff, Jack, 18 Graham Av. Tarshis, I., 523 10th Roeoff, Max, 18 Graham Av. Tatz, J., 379 S. 3d Rothschild, S. F., care of Abraham Telsey, Sam'I A., 241 Utica Av. and Straus Thaler, Isadore, 1412 50th Rothstein, Morris, 346 Sheffield Av. Thaler, Jacob, 1255 48th Rottenberg, S., 542 Decatur Tonkin, Nathaniel, 660 Willoughby Rubenstein, Samuel, 246 S. 2d Av. Sacks, Leon, 378 Stone Av. Vogel, Morris Alfred, 1236 50th Salit, Michael, 326 Fulton Washnltzer, Dr. Fred'k, 357 S. 2d Salzman, Samuel, 5403 15th Av. Wechsler, A.. 1503 Eastern Park- Sambur, Meyer, 550 Bushwick Av. way Sameth. I. B., 1539 55th Wechsler, Isaac, 1308 Prospect PI. Sartorlus, Otto, 184 Washington Wechsler, Isidor Pk. Weil, Theo., 558 7th 25 69 381 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

New York Weil], Theophile, 1132 Hancock Saperston, Willard W., 97 Norwood Weinberg, M., 129 Paul Av. ' Weiner, X, 1555 5Sth Schuman, Wni., 789 Ellicott Weinstein, Samuel, 250 Perm Av. Sernofsky, Dr. I., 889 Broadway Wejntraub, Jehlel, 615 Dumont Av. Siegel, E., 789 Fillmore Av. Weisberg, Morris, 325 Vernon Av. Singer, Herman B., 413 Jefferson Weiss. B., 73 Tompkins Av. Spahgenthal, A., 550 Lafayette Av. Weltzman, Dr. M., 296 Flatbush Sperans, Dr. Joel, 949 Clinton Werbelowsky, Jacob, 93 Meserole Stulberg, Jos., 914 Broadway Weshner, .1., 13 Humboldt Sukernek, Louis, Jr., 131 Richmond Willner, Emanuel, 97 Division Av. Av. Winder, Max, 514 Hopkinson Av. Swerdloff, Anna, 581 Jefferson Wolf, A., 32 Delmonico Swiados, Joseph H., 820 Broadway Zahler, Dr. B. M., 152 S. 4th Weisberg, Max Zamzok, Jacob, 321 Lorimer Weiss, Julius, 41 Ketchum PI. Zaslow, Myer, 2 St. Francis i'l. Weiss, Morris. 41 Ketchum PI. Zevin, P., 281 S. 4th Wiener, Miss Cecil B., 174 W. Chip- pewa Wile, Herman, 354 Franklin Buffalo Yochelson, Geo., 24 Beck Aaron, Rev. Dr. Israel, 74S Auburn Yochelson, S. A.. 14 Beck Av. Zackheim, Jos. B.. 313 William Aaronson, M., 928 Fillmore Zander, Max, 90 Madison Av. Arleich, Rev. Samuel, 34 17th Beck, Mayer, 91 Berlin Canajoharie Bernstein, Isadore, 704 Fillmore Av. Schoen, Adolph Brick. S II., 968 Broadway Brown, Jacob H., 154 Hickory- Buffalo Public Library Chappaqua Conn, Louis, 676 N. Hampton SPECIAL MEMBER Cristall, S., 175 Woodward Av. Diamond, M., 163 Hickory Noustadt, Mrs. S. Dickman, I., 77 Swan Cohoes Bscowich, J., 14 Beck Farber, S., 873 Broadway Brenner, Louis. 43 Remsen Flelschmann, Simon, 190 Edward Diamond, H., 28 Mohawk Frank, Philip, 164 Luther Lang, S. B., 49 RiTiisen Gilden, Jacob, 366 Clinton Roxenthall. Morris, 110 Remsen Ginsburg, S., Chamber of Commerce Weinstein, Isaac, 63 Breslin Av. Gintzler, H., 110 Seneca v Cooperstown Goldstein, Rosa F., 253 Cedar Reisman, H. Hoenig, I., 1043 Broadway Hofeller, Theodore, 59 Ashland Av. Crestwood Kavinoky, Dr. Sam'l, 1061 B'way Shiman, Abraham Keiser, Leopold, 566 W. Ferry Landau, Rev. Dr. J. H., 793 Auburn Elmira Av. Levy, Benjamin F., 454 W. Water Lefkowitz, N., 400 Lafayette Av. Society for Aid of Jewish Prisoners, Levine, S. L., 36 Mortimer State Reformatory Lichtenstein, M., 404 Eagle Liebeskind, Sam'l, 1035 Broadway Far Roekaway Maisel, Henry, 867 Fillmore Baum, Dr. Joseph, Gibson PI. Maisel, Louis, 965 Broadway Butler, Herman N., Broadway and Miller, L. H., 528 Eagle Newman, Sam'l, William & Jefferson New Posmanter, M., 992 Broadway Lichter, Rev. Dr. Ben.i., Gibson PI. Risman, Samuel. 27 Norewood Av. Roman, P. S., 14 Mills Rosing, Jacob, 326 William Rubin, Max, 99 Gibson PI. Rothschild, Leo, 417 Linwood Schwarz, Marcus, 35 Franklin Av. Rothschild, Samuel, 348 Richmond Wile, Jerome, Franklin Av. Av. Fishkill Landing Rovall, Miss Levitan, Dr. Michael, 25 W. Elm 70 JEWISH PUBLICATION SOCIETY 385

Glen Cove Long Island City New York Bernstein, Jos. A. Badanes, Saul, 24 Casco, Woodhaven Bernstein, Philip M. Berger, Martin. 71 Borden Av. Bessel, Sam'l Coch, Win,, 349 Jackson Av. Bornstein, N. Edelstein, Goodman, 81 Borden Av. Cohen, Jacob Friedman, N., 31 Borden Av. Goodman, Philip Hilfreich, Hermine, 25 Flushing Jespe, Theo. Av., Astoria Kotler, W. Hyman, J. S., Vernon Av. and 10th Levin, A. Pauly, Eugene, Lambert St., Glen- Margolis, Jacob morris Nosovitz, David Rosenblum, S., 25 Avondale, Wood- Salomon, Louis baven Singer, Benj. Spiegelglass, I., 286 Flushing Av., Astoria Gloversville Steiner, Gustave, 596 Jackson Av. SPECIAL MEMBERS Weis, Adolph, 27 Borden Av. Klein, August, Louis, Harry J. Mount Vernon Moses, Joe SPECIAL MEMBER Mann, Leon, 14 Cottage Av. ANNUAL MEMBERS Nelson, A. ANNUAL MEMBERS Sackheim, P. J., 76 E. Fulton Babrowsky, B., 9th Av. Corn, Jos. J.. 325 Rich Av. Hawthorne Isaacs, Mrs. M. A., St. Heliers, N. Prokesch, Rabbi S. Z., Hawthorne Columbus Av. School Kuhn, Ferd., 134 Overbrook Herkimer Robison, Mrs. G., Jr., 348 N. Ful- ton Schermer, Benj. Sanguinettl, Percy A. Sberris, Israel Temple Sinai Library, care of M. M. Ltebhold, 211 E. Lincoln Av. Hoosick Falls Wallerstein, Alfred, 188 N. Colum- Lurie, Jacob, 41 Wilder Av. bus Av. Ithaca Nassau Silverman, Dr. L. L., Cornell Uni- Naum, Nathan versity New Brighton Jamaica Apfelbaum, Louis, Westerleigh, Coll. Lessey, Dr. Bernard, 339 Fulton Inst. Newtmrgh Kingston Hirschberg, M. H. Blankfeld, Leon, 563 Broadway Stern, F. Frank, Barnet, 31 N. Front New Rochelle Hertz, Jos. A., 148 Pine Bolnite, M., 138 Main Marblestone, H., 241 Wall Grant, Adolph, 131 Lockwood Av. Levison, S., 192 Main Lackawanna Segal, Dr. Peter, 308 Huguenot Levinton, M., 481 Center Stearns, Benj. liberty New Tork City Rayevsky, Dr. Chas. LIFE MEMBERS Kosenthal, Dr. Leo V. Buttenwciser, J. L., 233 Lenox Elkus, Abram I., 170 B'way Little Falls Fischel, Harry, 118 B. 93d Hertzberg, Chas. R., 9 W. Main Goodhart, P. J., 21 W. 81st

71 386 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

New York Heller, Emanuel L., 12 B. 77th SPECIAL MEMBERS Levy, Aaron J.. 307 E. Bway. Arkush, Reuben, 159 W. 77th Loth, Joseph, 30 Greene Aschetm, M. J., Consolidated Stock Marshall, Louis, 47 E. 72d Naumberg, E., 48 W. 58th Exchange Newburger, Morris, 100 Broadway Auerbach, Joseph S., 542 W. 112th Samuel, M., 686 Greenwich Baermann, J. B., 1 W. 89th Schafer, Samuel M., 55 Wall Bambprger, Levi, Hotel Netherland Schiff, Mrs. Jacob H., 52 William Bendheim, A. D., 134 Grand Schiff, Mortimer L., 52 William Bendheim, Henry, 42 W. 89th Straus, Hon. Oscar S., 42 Warren Berolzheimer, Emil, care of Eagle Sulzberger, Cyrus L., 516 West End Pencil Co. Bljur, Hon. Nathan, 160 W. 75th Av. Bing, Alexander M., 2170 Broadway Warburg, Felix M., 1109 5th Av. Bloomtngdale, E. W., 42 W. 69th Warburg, Mrs. Felix M., 1109 5th Bloomingdale, J. B., 572 Madison Av. Av. Boehm, Abram, 31 Nassau PATRONS Borg, Sidney, 20 Nassau Buckner, M., 307 W. 79th Cohen, Joseph H., 37 E. Broadway Cantor, Jacob A., 9 W. 70th Goldman, Julius, 132 E. 70th Cardozo, Benjamin N., Ill Broad- Guggenheim, Daniel. 165 Broadway way Hays, Daniel P., 115 Broadway Dlttenhoefer, I. M., 96 Broadway Lauterbach, E., 22 William Dukas, Julius J., 335 Broadway Loeb, Dr. Morris, 52 William Eisemann, Emii, 48 W. 4th Ochs, Adolph S., N. Y. Times Elkan, Benno, 385 Central Park, W. Salomon, William, 25 Broad Erlanger, A. L., 214 W. 42d Schiff, Jacob H., 52 William Erlanger, Hon. M. L., 2030 Broad- way Ernst, I. L., 170 Broadway LIBRARY MEMBERS Ernst, M. L., 152 W. 122d Benjamin, Eugene S., 436 Lafayette Erstein, L., 62 Greene Dettelbach, M., 411 West End Av. Erstein, M., 62 Greene Educational Alliance, 197 E. B'way Falck, Harry, 42 Broadway Emmerick. Walter, 1 W. 70th Feiner, Benj. F., 100 Broadway Goldsmith, August, 36 W. 69th Fischlowitz, Dr. G. G., 1298 Madi- Goodfriend, Meyer, 274 W. 113th son Av. Gruber, Abraham, 170 Broadway Fleischman, Samuel, 303 W. 107th Hamburger, Samuel B., 2 Rector Fleisher, Benjamin, 55 W. 33d Hebrew Sheltering and Immigrant Frank, Alfred, 201 Wooster Aid Society, 229 E. Broadway Frank, Julius J., 52 William Kohns, Lee, 127 W. 79th Freundlich, I. and Co., 14 E. 32d Levl, Emil S., 29 W. 71st Fried, Samson, 47 W. 87th Levl, Henlein, 313 W. 81st Gainsburg, I., 271 Broadway Levy, Abraham, 63 Park Row Gans, Howard S.. 27 William Mayer, Otto L., 164 Water Glass, Henry. 142 W. 121st Nathan, Edgar J., 127 W. 74th Goldenberg, S. L., 109 5th Av. Ottlnger, Moses, 23 W. 75th Ooldfarb, H., 585 Broadway Platzek, M. Warley, 15 E. 48th Goldfogle, Hon. H. M., 271 Broad- Rees, Louis J., 275 Central Park, W. way Sellgman, Isaac N., 36 W. 54th Goldsmith, Abram, 35 Nassau Sondheimer, J., 514 Broadway Goodfriend, Jacob. 305 W. 100th Stern, Leopold, 68 Nassau Goodfriend, Meyer, 274 W. 113th Stern, Sigmund, 68 Nassau Gottschall, Simon, 550 Riverside Strauss. Sam'l, 12 E. 31st Drive Thalmann, Ernst, 25 Broad Greenbaum, Hon. Samuel, Supreme Unger, Henry W., 139 W. 130th Court, County Court House Unterberg, I., 86 Franklin Grossman. Moses H., 115 Broadway Wasserman, E., 33 W. 56th Grossman, William, 229 W. 97th Young Men's Hebrew Association, Guggenheim, Murry. 165 Broadway 92d and Lexington Av. Guggenheim, Sol. R., 165 B'way 72 JEWISH PUBLICATION SOCIETY 387

Hano, Philip, 806 Greenwich Rice, Isaac L., 11 Pine New York Harburger, Julius, 46 St. Marks PI. Rich, J. S., 489 Manhattan Av. Hecht, Meyer, 6 Jacob Richter, Daniel, 627 Broadway Heimann, Julius, 588 Broadway Robison, Louis, 163 Mercer Heller, Samuel, 37 Hamilton Ter. Robison, Mrs. S., 416 W. 122d Hendricks, Mrs. Charles, 340 W. Roeder, S. M., 174 E. 95th 72d Rosalsky, Hon. Otto A., 32 Frank- Hernshelm, Isidore, 47 Greene lin Herrman, Nathan, 11 William Rose, William R., 309 W. 81st Hershfield, Isidore, 99 Nassau Rosenbaum, William, 207 W. 24th Hyman, Dr. S. J., 326 B. 4th Rosenzweig, Joseph, 99 Nassau Hyman, Samuel I., 52 E. 10th Sachs, Edward, 60 E. 80th Ickelhelmer, Henry R., 49 Wall Sachs, Louis, 28 W. 22d Isaacs, Bendet, 358 West End Av. Saks, Isadore, 1305 Broadway Jacoby, Morris, 285 Central Park, Schloss, I. M., The Ansonia, 73d W. and Broadway Kahn, Louis, 170 Broadway Seutner, Richard, 138 E. 94th Kahn, O. H., 54 William Silberman, Morris, 125 E. 95th Kastor, Adolph, 14 W. 70th Silberstein, Abraham, 8 6th Av. Kaufman, Edward, 49 Chambers Silver, M. H., 29 E. 124th Kobre, Max, 43 E. 123d Silverstein, Ellas, 320 Convent Av. Koenlg, Hon. Samuel S., 115 Broad- Sondheim, Phineas, 49 Wall way Spitzer, Oscar, 42 Broadway Kofman, B., 84 Beaver Steinam, A., 162 Greene Korn, Albert R., 52 Broadway Steinhardt, Jacob, 59 W. 73d Kursheedt, M. A., 302 Broadway Stern, A., 52 E. 61st Lachman, Samson, 313 W. 106th Stiefel, Herman, 1980 7th Av. Lehman, Arthur, 31 W. 56th Strasbourger, Samuel, 74 Broadway Lehman, S. M., 175 W. 58th Straus, Nathan, 27 W. 72d Leventritt, Hon. David, 34 W. 77th Stroock, Louis I., 285 Central Pk., Levi, Joseph C, 251 W. 92d W. Levy, Herman, 72 Greene Stroock, Solomon M., 30 Broad Levy, L. Napoleon, 18 W. 72d Tanenbaum, L., 632 West End Av. Levy, Samuel H., 170 Broadway Teschner, Dr. Jacob, 134 E. 61st Lichten, M. C, 590 Broadway Treeger, S., 15 W. 4th Lipper, Arthur, 137 W. 75th Trinkel, Ben.i., 1377 Franklin Av. Loeb, Jacob F.. Bretton Hall Uhry, M., li90 Madison Av. Lorsch, H., 250 W. 82d Vorhaus, Louis J., 115 Broadway Manheim, Jacob, 302 Broadway Warburg, Paul M., 52 William Mann, Abraham, 976 Tinton Av. Weil, David L., 74 Broadway Marcus, Joseph S., 315 Riverside Weil, L. V., 5 Beekman Drive Weil, Max, The Belnord, Broadway Marcus, Nathan, 121 Canal and 86th Markel, Max, 124 E. 91st Weil, Samuel, 196 Franklin Marks, Marcus M., 687 Broadway Wimpfheimer, Chas. A., 18 W. 76th Meyer, D. F., 110 5th Wiae, E. E., 19 William Moisseiff, Leon S., 3 E. 106th Wolf, Frank, 600 West End Av. Morgenthau, Henry, 30 W. 72d Wolfenstein, Samuel C, 39 Spruce Morgenthau, Maximilian, 135 B'way Wolff, Emil, 171 W. 71st Nathan, Clarence S., 46 W. 83d Wurzburger, B., 43 Leonard Newburger, Hon. Joseph E., Court Zinke, Louis, 290 Broadway Bldg. Zippert, Dr. I., 351 E. 4th Newburger, Samuel M., 401 West Zucker, Peter, 45 Broadway End Av. Ottinger, Marx, 31 Nassau ANNUAL MEMBERS I'askus, Martin, 2 W. 86th Abel, Dr. Samuel, 1525 Madison Av. Pflantzer, Dr. A., 249 E. Houston Abeloff, Sam!., 307 W. 112th Phillips, Hon. N. Taylor, 51 Cham- Aber, Dr. Sam'l S., 1789 Fulton Av. bers Abrahams, Joseph B.. 531 W. 123d Popper, William C, 115 Worth Abrahams, Dr. R.. 257 W. 8Sth Rafalsky, Mark, 611 W. 110th Abrahamson, I., 1139 Union Av. 73 388 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

New York Abramowltz, Dr. Benj., 93 2d Av. Basldn, Harris, 185 6th Av. Abranis, H.t 824 E. 170th Bass, Abe, 286 Brook Av. Abrams, Maurice D., 7 Pine Bauman, Dr. E. W., 441 E. 12th Abramson, Anna, 124 W. 112tb Beckhardt, Moses, 842 Manida Abramson, Moses, 42 Walker Beer, George Louis, 329 W. 71st Adams, Louis, 152 Forsyth Behar, N., care of Liberal Immigra- Adelson, Philip, 625 Broadway tion League, 150 Nassau Ader, Dr. Jos., 316 E. 3d Belais, II., 102 W. 75th Adler, A., 116 W. 118th Benedict, Abraham, 318 W. 100th Adler, Dr. D., 67 1st Benjamin Deane School for Girls, Adler, Dr. H. B., 42 W. 115th 144 Riverside Drive Adler, S., 1426 Crotona Av. Benjamin, Geo. G., Ormond lintel, Adler. Wm., 783 Beck 70th and B'way Ahrend, D. H., 73 Warren Benjamin, Dr. I., 173 Henry Alexander, Bernard, 338 E. 15th Benjamin, M. W., 43 W. 88th Allison, A., 1506 Brook Av. Berg, B., 364 St. Ann's Av. Allman, M., 546 W. 147th Berg, Max, 22 E. 17th Allmayer, Emanuel, 50 E. 96th Berger, Sam., 202 E. Houston Alterman, Lewis, 135 8th Av. Berger, Sam'l A., 277 Broadway Altman, Emil, 746 E. 5th Berkson, Henry, 26 Greenwich Altmayer, Sanders S., 150 W. 70th Berlin, S. N., 25 E. Houston American, Miss Sadie, 448 Central Berliner, Sam'l, 78 W. 85th Pk., W. Berman, Joseph G., 141 W. 110th Ansbacher, Jacob, 2 Rector Berman, Louis, 852 9th Av. Ansorge, M. P., 102 W. 132d Berman, Louis, 441 W. 124th Anspach, Mrs. Isabelle, 260 W. 70th Bermnn, S., 536 E. 149th Antin, Benj., 31 Montgomery Bernbaum, Bernard, 320 Broadway Arbib, Alexander, 53 E. 9th Bernheim, Julius C. 129 W. 79th Argintesinn, Dr. Marcus, 811 Kelly Bernheim, N.. 647 Madison Av. Arkin, Dr. David M., 100 W. 87th Bernheimer, Leopold A., 7 E. 57th Arnstein, A., 1125 Madison Av. Bernheimer, Max E., 128th and Arnstein Bros. & Co., 170 Broadway Amsterdam Av. Arnstein, Simon, 924 Madison Av. Bernstein, B., 37 W. 28th Aronson, A. S., Ill E. 179th Bernstein, Chas., 215 Greene Aronson, Samuel, 51 E. 75th Bernstein, Harry H., 36 W. 113th Asch-Simpson Rose, 212 E. Broad- Bernstein, Dr. Israel I., 205 E. way Broadway Ash, Mark. 316 W. 103d Bernstein, Dr. Louis, 89 E. 4th Ashpis. Isidnr, 455 firand Bernstein, M., 617 W. 143d Askowith, Hyman, 1182 W. Farms Bernstein, Saul, 1845 7th Av. Ed. Beth-El Sabbath School, 5th Av. Assuschkewitz, Max, 134 W. 26th and 76th Avrunin, G., 197 E. Bdwy. Bieber, Dr. Louis E., 383 E. 8th Bach, Aaron J., 55 E. 80th Bierman, I. S., 1 E. 118th Bachrach, Irving, 74 E. 92d Bijur, Moses, 50 W. 77th Backal, Dr. I. A., 703 E. 5th Bildersee, Isaac, 160 W. 82d Badanes, Dr. Bernard B., 2 Cannon Bilgore, David, 1076 Simpson Baclen, Reuben, 51 Maiden Lane Billik, Nathan, 2471 8th Av. Baer, Morris B., 60 Liberty Binger, Joseph, 100 W. 121st Baker, William S., 561 W. 143d Binhak, Carl, 38 W. 93d Bamdas, Bernard, 15 W. 114th Birkenfeld, B., 318 W. 105th Bardach, Nathan, 302 B'way Blaustein, Dr. Abraham, 421 E. Ctli Barish, Max, 105 W. 117th Blaustein, Dr. David, 105 E. 22d Barish, Wm., 1816 Clinton Av. Blaustein, Wm. 122 Delancey Barnard, H., 213 Pearl Bleckman, N., 4 E. 119th Barnett, H. I., 132 Nassau Bloch, Miss Lillian, 629 W. l?.5th Barnett, Samuel, 960 Grant Av. Bloch Publishing Co., 40 E. 14th Baron, D., 104 E. 81st Bloch, Simon, 108 E. 82d Barondess. Jos., 89 Delancey Bloom, Dr. D. M., 118 W. 112th Basel, Rabbi Alexander, 869 E. Bloom, Isidor, 88 Sheriff 160th Bluestone, Dr. J. I., 215 E. B'way Baskin, David, 185 6th Av. Blum, Dr. Jos., 312 W. 93d 74 JEWISH PUBLICATION SOCIETY 389

Blum, Solomon, 356 2d Av. Burstein, Frances S., 782 Prospect New York Blumenthal, Maurice B., 35 Nassau Av. Blumenthal, Dr. R., 341 E. 3d Burstein, Dr. J. F., 257 Henry Blumenthal. Sidney, 305 W. 00th Burstein, Dr. S. H., 446 E. 139th Blumgart, Louis, 116 Riverside Butler, B., 141 Ridge Drive Butler, I. L., care of Unterbcrg, 90 Blumofe, Julius, 140 Nassau Franklin Bobis, Morris N., 222 E. 7th Butler, M. H., 50 Bond Bodin, Hyman, 8 E. 109th Cahen, Isaac J., 689 West End Av. Boehm, Dr. William, 960 Prospect Cahn, Arthur L., 27 Pine Av. Caiman, Dr. Maurice S., 26 E. 106th Bogart, Bernard, 956 Tiffany Canter, M., 2178 5th Av. Bogart, John, 61 Park Row Caplin, Stephen, 45 Beekman Bogin, A. B., 274 E. 7th Carlebach, Rev. Moses, 1024 Park Bonime, A., 783 Beck Av. Bonime, B., 936 Kelly Carlingpr, J., 48 Av. D. Bookman, Dr. S., 9 E. 62d Caspe, Abraham, 210 E. Broadway Bookstaber, Ph. D., 1169 Washing- Caspe, Dr. M., 29 W. 113th ton Av. Ceaser, Dr. A. L., 253 E. 2d Borgenicht, L., 84 5th Av. Cerf, Julius C, care of Stanclift, 78 Bosniak, Jacob, 228 Henry W. 94th Bossok, Dr. Solomon, 1471 Wash- Chaikin, Dr. A. H., 203 E. 10th ington Av. Chananie, Abe, 126 W. 123d Brahms, Dr. Benj., 24 E. 97th Chanin and Tunis, 74 Essex Brand, Chas. S., 3 E. 46th Cherurg, Dr. Leon, 0.1 W. 119th Brand, Herman, 404 E. 48th Chess, Dr. Neuman, 6J9 E. Olh Brandt, Dr. H., 200 W. 113th Chessen, David, 1172 HOP AV. Branower, Dr. Wm., 1815 7th Av. Chopak, Paul, 250 W. 137th Braverman, Jacob, 112 E. 117th Chovosh, J., 208 W. 111th Bregman, David, 35 E. Broadway Cinberg, Dr. M., 146 Stanton Brentano, Simon, 5th Av. and 27th Citron, Dr. G. B., 66 E. 111th Breslau, A., 310 E. 86th Clemons, Miss Julia, 50 W. 77th Bresler, Dr. A. N., 3 Rutgers Climenko, Dr. Hyman, 252 E. Bressler, David M., 174 2d Av. Broadway Bressler, Max L., 833 E. 167th Coblenz, A., 164 W. 122d Breuer, Nathan, 531 W. 123d Cohen, A. H., 17 Battery PI. Brick, Mrs. Louis, 520 W. 144th Cohen, Adolph, 51 E. 96th Brightman, Jos. W., 9 Walker Cohen, Benno, 308 W. 94th Bril, I. L., 189 E. Broadway Cohen, E. A., 198 Broadway Brill, I., 904 Lexington Av. Cohen, Edward M., 3 E. 117th Brill, Louis, 838 Kelly Cohen, Mrs. Harris, 21 W. 69th Brill, William, 102 W. 49th Cohen, Dr. Harry, 64 E. 3d Brilliant, I. M., 17 E. 115th Cohen, Dr. Herman, 500 E. 173d Brinn, Solomon, 61 Park Row Cohen, Herman M., 531 W. 123d Brodman, Dr. H., 186 Suffolk Cohen, Isaac, 141 Broadway Bromberg, Dr. B. B., 188 E. 72d Cohen, L. H., 860 Freeman Bronstein, Dr. Chas. C, 59 W. 115th Cohen, Louis, 1057 Prospect Bronstein, Dr. David I., 935 Long- Cohen, Maurice S., 1082 Anderson wood Av. Av. Brotman, Mrs. S. M., 522 W. 134th Cohen, Rev. Morris, 14 E. 119th Brower, Jacob L., 92 E. 7th Cohen, Nath., 620 W. 116th Brown, Dr. A., 119 2d Av. Cohen, Sollis, 707 Broadway Brown, Dr. I., 1288 S. Boulevard Cohen, Solomon, 13 E. 17th Brown, Jacob, care of Adler & Cohn, Dr. Alfred E., 1070 Madison Hirsch, 15 Whitehall Av. Brownold, Mrs. C, 361 W. 122d Cohn, Charles L., 271 Broadway Bruck, Mrs. George, 23 W. 83d Cohn, E., 1968 7th Av. Bruckman, Arthur, 11 E. 4th Cohn, Eugene, 132 Nassau Buchenholz, Dr. S. A.. 201 W. 112th Cohn, Frank. 1650 Lexington Av. Biichler, Rev. Dr. Samuel, :'.4f> E. Cohn, Dr. Isadore, 102 W. 119th 72d Cohn, Isadore. 852 Dawson Bullowa, Arthur M., 26 Liberty Cohn, Morris S., 70 Lenox Av. 75 390 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

New York Coleman, Aaron, 50 W. 68th Einstein, B. F., 71 E. 80th Comenetz, Dr. Meyer, 139 Delancey Einstein, S. E., 200 W. 111th Conheim, Herman, 70% Pine Einstein, Mrs. William, 121 E. 57th Coon, Abe, 981 Whitlock Eiseman, Rev. Aaron, 175 E. 79th Corn, Mrs. Rosalie, 50 W. 77th Eisenberg, Isidor, 115 E. Broadway Cowen, Alexander, care of H. Bern- Bisenberg, J., 115 W. 88th stein & Co., 236 5th Av. Eisenberg, Louis, 561 W. 143d Cowen, Charles A., 2 Wall Elsler, I., 500 Broadway Cowen. Newman, 35 E. 60th Eisner, Dr. Sam'l, 235 E. 4th Creidenherg, Julius, 44 W. 18th Elfenbein, David, 107 2d Av. Curiel, H., 18 Desbrosses Elfenbein, S., 167 South Panels, P., 80 E. 3d Ellas, Hon. Albert J., 18 W. 71st Dangler, A. C, 162 W. 26th Eliassof, H. N., 1864 7th Av. Danziger, Mrs. Ida, 109 W. 114th Eliscu, E., 516 W. 140th Danziger, Isaac J., 242 E. 58th Elkeles. Mrs. S., 607 W. 137th Danzis, Max, 191 E. 3d Elken, Max, 1746 Madison Av. Daub, William, Lebanon Hospital Ellmann & Ellmann, 63 Park Row Davdowitz, Sam'l, 976 Tinton Av. Elstein, Joseph, 725 Broadway David. Dr. Jacques R., 325 Grand Elster, Dr. H. B., 174 Forsyth David, Dr. Paul, 134 E. Broadway Elzas, Rev. Barnett A., 575 W. 159th Davidoff, Henry, 881 E. 170th Emanu-El Temple School Com- Davidoff, Meyer, 10 E. 110th mittee, 43d and 5th Av. Davidowitz, Harry S., 441 W. 124th Endel, Charles W., 600 W. 140th Davidson, Rev. Dr. David, 1190 Engel, Jacob B., 132 Nassau Madison Av. Engel, Wm. M., 237 W. 139th Davidson, Gabriel, 601 W. 177th Englander, Oscar, 302 Broadway Davidson, H. N., 59 E. 117th Enselman, I., 102 W. 137th Davidson, I. M., Jewish Theological Epstein, A., 748 Beck Seminary Epstein, C. J., 53 E. 97th Davidson, Dr. Israel, 531 W. 123d Epstein, Hyman J., 1421 Crotona, Davidson, Jos. Elias Av. F. Davis, Edward. 301 W. 84th Epstein, M. W., 1371 Franklin Av. Davis, Moses, 670 Broadway Epstein, Sam'l, 331 Madison Dazlan, Henry, 144 W. 44th Epstein, Saul, 417 E. 6th De Boer, D. H.. 792 Washington Erb, Newman. 42 Broadway Delrest, Harold, 540 W. 143d Erhlich, Dr. S., 311 E. 4th Diamant, Louis, 132 Nassau Erlanger, Abraham, 65 Worth Diamond, J. L., 1765 Madison Av. Erlanger, Sidney B.. 545 W. 111th Diamondstein. Dr. J., 84 W. 120th Erlich, Jacob, 28 W. 20th Dittenheim. W., 1131 Forest Av. Essman, Karl, 490 E. 141st Dittman, Charles, 108 E. 60th Ettman, P., 1022 E. l.r.6th Doniger, H., 663 Broadway Fabrikant, M., 701 E. 9th Doniger, Sundel, 861 E. 161st Falk, B. J., 14 W. 33d Dorfman, Louis, 261 Broadway Fast, E.. 974 St. Nicholas Av. Doskow, Israel, 886 E. 172d Fast, W. A., 784 Washington Av. Doskow, Dr. Samuel, 830 E. 163d Feinberg, Dr. Israel. 104 W. 119th Dottenheim, Mrs. S., 256 W. 97th Feinberg, Joseph, 826 E. 163d Dretzin, B., 989 Prospect Av. Feinberg, Louis, 318 Lorimer Drosin, Dr. Louis, 1666 Lexington Feist, Max. 245 W. 139th Av. Feitelson, Dr. J.. 55 Delancey Drucker, F., 92 1st Feldberg, Louis. 321 Stantnn Druckerman, Simon, 50 Canal Feldman, David. 157 Norfolk Druskln, Dr. L., 214 E. Broadway Feldman, Harold C, 204 W. 94th Dublon, Jos. H., 51 E. 97th Fertig, Moses M., 1556 Mlnford PI. Dushkin, Alexander M., 119 E. 92d Fichandler, Dr. Geo., S2 W. 114th Dvorkin, J.. 1223 Union Av. Fldler, Dr. Ben.1.. 1549 Madison Av. Edelman, Selig, 132 Nassau Fingerhood, Boris, 89 Dplancey Edman, Sol., 416 W. 122d Finkelstein, A. A., 148 E. 92d Eichberg, Mrs. S.. care of B. Eich- FinkelstKin, S., HE. 117th berg, 65 Nassau Firetag, S. A., 240 W. 102d Eichhorn, Dr. H., 231 E. 11th Fischer, E. E., 57 E. 3d Eiler, Wm., 3809 3d Av. Fischer, Jos., 1171 Park Av.

76 JEWISH PUBLICATION SOCIETY 391

Fischer, Julius, 35 Nassau Ginsburg, Max, 138 W. 113th New York Fischman, Miss B., 1 W. 92d Ginzberg, Albert, 9 Maiden Lane Fishbein, Louie, 26 Waverly PI. Ginzberg, Dr. Louis, 501 W. 143d Fishel, Mortimer, 315 W. 98th Gittleman, Louis, 526 Brook Av. Fisher, Gabriel, 10 Kenmore Glantz, O., 217 B. 69th Fishman, Mrs. Arthur, 239 E. 18th Glaser, A., 1532 3d Av. Fishman, Dr. J., 51 E. 117th Glass, Dr. J., 67 2d Av. Flanigan, Martin, 119 Nassau Glass, Wm., 824 St. Nicholas Av. Flegenheimer, A., 267 8th Av. Glassberg, Dr. Geo., 132 St. Marks Fleischer, N., 115 Broadway PI. Folkoff, Samuel H., 860 Freeman Glatstone, S., 793 Home Foster, Mortimer C, 815 West End Glick, Bernard, 1 Madison Av. Av. Glickstein, Sam'l, 862 Hewitt PI. Fox, Benj., 72 8th Av. Gluck, Dr. Ernest, 152 E. 111th Fox, Geo. I., 30 E. 13th Gliicksman, David Frank, Ivan, 254 W. 98th Gluskln, Dr. E., 383 Grand Frank, James, 115 Broadway Godnick, N. W., 124 W. 115th Frank, Louis J., Beth Israel Hos- Gold, C, 1642 Anthony Av. pital, Jefferson and Cherry Goldberg, Abraham, 20 E. 90th Frankel, Dr. Julius, 191 2d Goldberg, Henry, 211 E. 3d Frankel, Dr. Lee K., 1 Madison Av. Goldberg, Dr. HeDry, 255 2d Frankel, Louis, 31 E. 32d Goldberg, I., 171 E. Broadway Frankfurt, Jos., 584 Morris Park Goldberg, I., 356 Cherry Goldberg, Lawrence, 134 E. 74th Franklin, Dr. Fabian, 527 W. 110th Goldberg, Sam'l, 313 E. Houston Freedman, Mrs. B. L., 57 W. 55th Goldberg, Samuel W., 310 W. 95th Freedman, Jacques R., 11% E. 87th Goldberg, Simon, 154 Henry Freedman, Dr. Louis, 150 Henry Goldberg, Wm., 2 W. 120th Frenkel, Emil, 8 E. 81st Goldberger, Fannie, 782 Prospect Freundlich, A., 105 W. 120th Av. Friedenwald, Dr. H., 356 2d Av. Goldbloom, Sam'l S., 200 W. 111th Friedlaender, Prof. I., Jewish Theo- Goldenberg, Benj. B., 1405 Prospect logical Seminary Av. Friedman, Dr. E. D., 314 E. 79th Goldenkranz, S., 68 St. Mark's PI. Friedman, G., 260 Brook Goldfarb, Harry, 467 E. 169th Friedman, H., 81 Delancey Goldfarb, Philip, 507 Broadway Friedman, H. C, 18 E. 92d Goldin. I., 21 E. 110th Friedman, Isaac, 1507 2d Av. Goldman, Dr. Alex., 1789 FultOD Friedman, Dr. M., 205 Henry Av. Friedman, Miss S., 495 Hudson Goldman, Dr. Charles, 128 Henry Friedman, Dr. Sam'l, 67 E. 93d Goldman, Isaac, 31 W. 115th Friesner, Isaiah, 814 Lexington Av. Goldman, J. B.. 2 W. 119th Frindel, Benjamin, 115 B'way Goldman, William, 58 E. 83d Gabriel, S., 74 5th Av. Goldsmith, August, 36 W. 69th Galewski, A., 323 Broadway Goldsmith, Miss Gertrude, 320 W. Gans, Win. A., 2 Rector 105th Garbus, Jacob, 128 W. 26th Goldsmith, Milton. 783 Madison Av. Gardner, Isidor, 350 Beekman Av. Goldsmith, Wm., 77 E. 3d Gardner. Dr. P. S., 198 Rivington Goldstein, Chas. J., 47 W. 114th Garfiel, Chas., 20 E. 90th Goldstein, G., 304 Delancey Garfunkel, Aaron, 145 W. 119th Goldstein, Herbert S., 8 E. 97th Garfunkel, I. B.. 116 Nassau Goldstein, Jos., 1382 Prospect Av. Gelsmar, Leo, 100 St. Nicholas Av. Goldstein, Maxwell, 32 Pike Gellert, Dr. Sam'l, 748 6th Goldstone, Mrs. A. L., 50 Morning- Gerber, Dr. Samuel, 104 Rivington side Av. Gerstein, L., 269 Canal Goldwasser, J. E., 141 W. 111th Gerstman, B. B., 30S W. 97th Goldwater, Dr. A. L., 84 W. 119th Ghertler, Dr. Max, 50 St. Marks PI. Goldwater. Dr. S. S., 1 E. 100th Gilbert, Abraham, 125 2d Av. Goldzier. Morris, 657 Broadway Gimbel, Mrs. Isaac, 32d and B'way Goodman, A., & Son. 640 E. 17th Ginsberg, Abraham. 36 E. B'way Goodman. Henry. 104 Essex Ginsberg, Barnet, 1680 Clay Av. Gordon, Mrs. B., 255 Ft. Washington Ginsburg, Dr. M., 51 E. 108th Av. 77 392 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

New York Gordon, David, 132 Nassau Harris, Jacob M., 965 Grant Av. Gordon, Milton J., 198 Broadway Harris, Dr. Louis I., 70 Lenox Av. Gordon, Dr. N., 1720 Madison Av. Harris, Rev. Dr. M. H., 254 W. Gordon, Phineas, 9 Bond 103d Gordon, Sam., 189 Division Harrison, Dr. Henry H., 740 Trinity Goslar, E., 148 W. 88th Av. Gothelf, M., 997 Union Av. Hart, Mrs. Julius, 1 W. 85th Gottfried, Felix. 1302 Prospect Av. Hartman, Charles, 24 Newchamber Gottheil, Dr. Richard, Columbia Haskell, A. H., 29 E. 124th Univ. Hast, Rev. Bernard, 237 W. 113th Gotthelf, P., 25 Claremont Av. Ilauptman, A., 23 Leonard Gottlieb, J., 185 Boulevard, Rocka- Hausovitz, R., 126 W. 139th way Beach Hauswirth, Dr. Louis. 236 W. 113th Gottschall, Louis. 462 Brondway Hazay, Dr. M. II., 274 E. 10th Grabenhelmer, N., 2G43 Broadway Hebrew Orphan Asylum, 137th and Granet. Adolph, 65 2d Graumann, Rev. M., 751 Forest Av. Amsterdam Av. Green, Samuel, Sherman Sq. Hotel Hebrew Sheltering Guardian So- Bdway. and 70th ciety, Broadway and 150th Greenbaum, Dr. Leo, The Leonorl, Ilocht, Chas., 700 W. 178th 63d and Madison Av. Hecht, Jacob. 46 Walker Greenberg, Abraham, 309 E. 124th Hechtman, Mike, 532 E. 172d Greenberg, Mas. 589 E. 138th Heckelman, Jacob C, 34 Scammel Greenburg-, Julius, 91 Clinton Heilborn, Jacob, 31 Liberty Greene, Dr. M. A., 85 7th Heilbrun, David, 218 W. 141st Greenebaum, S., 143 W. 140th Hein, Mrs. H., 2 W. 88th Greenfield, Dr. Sam'l, 356 E. 4th Helfman, Dr. Simon, 253 E. Broad- Greenfield, Rabbi Samuel, 26 W. way 119th Heller. Dr. Jacob, 224 Henry Greenstein, Abe, 570 W. Broadway Heller, Joseph, 41 Park Row Greenstein, Harry, 612 Lexington Heller, Dr. Max, 224 Henry Av. Heller, Maxwell T., 1118 Forrest Gribbin, Angel, 262 Broadway Av. • rrodinsky, H., 331 Madison Av. Heller, Philip, 661 Broadway Gross, Max, 309 Broadway Hemley, Frederick, 71 Nassau Grossman, Dr. H. M., 61 E. 124th Herhst, Dr. Louis, 323 E. 4th Grossman, Rev. Dr. Rudolph, 1347 Herman, D., 555 E. 169th Lexington Av. Herman, S. J., 132 E. Broadway Grover, A., 74 Suffolk Herman, Samuel, 072 Crotona Park, Grunauer, Reuben, 216 W. 141st So. Guggenheim, Benjamin M., 115 Hermes, Miss Esther E., 1787 Broadway Madison Av. Guggenheim, William, 500 5th Av. Herrman, Henry S., 54 E. 80th Guggenheimer, Mrs. J. C, 308 W. Herrnstadt, IT., 27 W. 115th 94th Herschfield, R. N., 391 Broadway Guggenheimer, Mrs. R., 725 Broad- Hersheim. Joseph, 307 W. 106th way Hershfield, Harold L., 244 E. 48th Guinsburg, Rev. Theo., 21 W. 69th Hershfield, L. N., 11 Broadway Guinzberg, Mrs. Victor, 21 W. 89th Hershfipld, Levi, 2-14 E. 48th Gutfreund, Hugo, 619 9th Av. Hertz, Emanuel, 400 W. 150th Gutman, A. L., 142 W. 87th Hertz, Dr. J. H., 9 E. 97th Gutman, Louis, 55 E. 93d Ilerzog, Joseph, 49 St. Nicholas Ter- Gutman, Malvin, 1070 Madison Av. raae Haber, Louis I., 508 W. Broadway Ilerzog, Sam'l A., 43 Cedar Hallheim^r, Julius, 216 E. 83d Hess, Ferdinand, 65 Duane Handt, B., 736 Home Hess, Jacob, 236 W. 112th Ilanellin, Moe S., 204 E. B'way Heyman, Dr. Morris, 232 Henry Harkavy, Alexander, 309 E. 120th Hpymsfeld, Nicholas A., 1518 Harkavy, Louis, 256 Cherry Washington Av. Harkavy. Dr. Samuel, 193 Broome Ilimowich, Dr. A. A., 1913 Madison Harris, Mrs. Genrge, 4 W. 129th Av. Harris, II., 132 E. 113th Himowich, Nathan, 113 Canal 78 JEWISH PUBLICATION SOCIETY 393

Hirsch, Herman, 404 Riverside Jarmulowsky, Louis. 46 W. 83d New York Drive Jarmulowsky, M., 27 E. 95th Hirscb, 11. .1., Ill Broadway Jarmulowsky, S., 54 Canal Hirschberg, Gustav, 106 Central Jeckels, Albert, 818 E. 163d Park, W. Jeshurun, George, 207 Clinton Hirschfield, Dr. I.. 989 Prospect Av. Jewish Agricultural and Industrial Hirschman, Milton, 65 Seneca Aid Society, 174 2d Av. Hirsdansky, Simon, 1516 Bryant Av. Jewish Theological Seminary, 531 Hirsh, Ad'olph, 161 W. 76th W. 123d Hochstadter, Mrs. A. F., 313 W. 71st Joffe, Prof. Joshua A., 530 W. 123d Hochstadter, S., 227 Front Joseph, R. L., 32 E. 74th Hoexter, Joseph W., 860 Broadway Josephi, E. A., 853 West End Av. Hoffman, Hon. B., 271 E. 7th Hoffman, L., 18 Spruce Josephi, Isaac A., 321 Riverside Hoffman, Max, 531 W. 123d Drive Holland, D., 1043 Tinton Josephs, Jos., 982 Prospect Av. Hollander, Max W., 95 Sheriff Kahan, M. J., 2 Av. A Holtz, Henry, 210 W. 140th Kahn, Harry J., 2220 Adams PI. Holzman, Benjamin M., 13 W. 90th Kahn, Henry B., 1381 Crotona Av. Horowitz, L., 1577 Madison Av. Kahn; Herman, 170 Broadway Horowitz, Marks, 600 W. 165th Kaiser, Leon S., 320 Broadway Horowitz, Morris B., 57 Bond Kalich, Bertha, Lincoln National Horwitz, Aron, 21 W. 117th Safe Vault, 42d St. Horwitz, Solomon, 11 E. 17th Kalish, H., 251 W. 111th Housman, Chas. J., 20 Broad Kalisky, Abraham, 37 Liberty Huebsch, Dr. Daniel A., 791 Lex- Kalman, A. L., 60 St. Marks PI. ington Av. Kalnitzky, M., 93 E. 4th Hiihner, Leon, 5 Beekman Kandiner, Morris, 615 E. 13Sth Hurwltz, Abram, 140 E. Broadway Kann, Edward, 227 W. 113th Hurwitz, Gregory, 174 2d Av. Kantrowitz, Joshua, 320 Broadway Hurwitz, Miss Pauline, 517 E. 145th Kaplan, Dr. Alex. P., 49 E. 7th Hurwitz, Rabbi S. L., 59 E. 118th Kaplan, B. D., 16 E. 96th Hutkoff, Isaac, 122 W. 114th Kaplan, Dr. Emanuel, 136 Liberty Hyman, Chas., 1164 Union Av. Kaplan, Rev. Mordecai M., 120 E. Hyman, Dr. Harry, 303 E. 4th 93d Hyman, Mrs. M., 515 W. 110th Karp, Wm., 1018 E. 163d Hyman, N. B., 3681 Broadway Karpel, Adolph, 49 E. 102d Hymanson, Dr. A., 139 Henry Kasnowitz, E., 291 Pearl Ikelheimer, Emanuel, 117 E. 56th Kassel, S., 87 E. Houston Illoway, Dr. H., 1113 Madison Av. Kastor, Sigmund, 109 Duane Isaac, Mark, 152 W. 141st Katz, Jacob, Hotel Brunswick, 89th Isaacs, Dr. A. E., 1325 Madison Av. and Madison Av. Isaacs, J., 850 Kelly Katz, Rev. M., 128 W. 115th Isaacs, R., 829 West End Av. Katz, Sam'I, 1422 Williams Bridge Isaacs, Stanley M., 52 William Rd. Ish Kishor, J., 254 E. Broadway Katzenelenbogen, J., 85 Canal Jaches, Rev. Philip, 56 Lenox Av. Katzman, Dr. Eva, 203 E. Broad- Jacobs, Dr. Jonas, 145 W. 82d way Jacobs, Jos. S., 562 W. 148th Kaufman, Benj., 205 Division Jacobs, Ralph J., 37 W. 70th Kaufman, Edwin, 70 E. 92d Jacobs, S. K., 81 Greene Kaufman, H., 57 E. 3d Jacobs, S. M., 1187 Boston Rd. Kaufman, H. M., 132 W. 88th Jacobson, Rev. E., 520 W. 175th Kaufman, Julius, 200 W. 113th Jacobson, Hyman, 5 Attorney Kaufman, Philip, 2110 Sterling Av. Jacobson, L. B., 917 Longwood Av. Kehlman, Leopold, 330 E. 43d Jacobson, Rev. S., 501 W. 121st Keller, Dr. Henry, 181 Stanton Jacoby, B., 453 Broome Kesselman, Robert, World Bids- Jacoby, Hyman, 532 W. 111th Kidansky, Isidore, 51 E. 96th Jaffe, A., 38 W. 129th Kirschberg, Elias, 25 W. 123d Jaffe, Moses, 916 Kelly Kitt, Alfred, 598 E. 143d Jais, Jacob D., care of Sylvester and Kittenplaz, M., 220 W. 136th Levy, 13 E. 4th Klatzke, L., 1 Cedar 79 394 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

New York Klaw, M., 214 W. 42d Lehman, Hon. Irving, County Court Klein, D. E., 701 Madison Av. House Klein, Dr. David, 17 Lexington Av. Lphr, Irving A., 150 E. Bway. Klein, Simon. 29 Av. D Leibowitz, Ephraim J., 31 W. 89th Kleinert, I. B., 31 W. 87th Leibowitz. Dr. Ixidor, 70 Rivington Klempner. Sam'l, 460 Cherry Leiner, Dr. J. H., 421 Wendover Klepper, Sam'l ,T., 1528 Charlotte Av. Kliatshco, Dr. H. G., 232 Henry Leipziger, Dr. H. M., 500 Park Av. Kling, Jehiel, 1746 Bathgate Av. Lemowltz, Nathan, 38 W. 113th Klugman, Julius, 28 W. 38th Lerner, Leo, 80 2d Av. Knopf, Samuel, 949 Broadway Lerner, Dr. Louis, 151 Suffolk Koffler, Samuel, 16 E. 111th Lesser, Henry. 226 W. 113th Kohler, Max J., 52 William Levant, Dr. Harry, 227 Henry Kohn, Jacob, 20 W. 107th Levene, Dr. Samuel A., 1568 Madi- Kohn, Solomon, 203 Broadway son Av. Kohut, Rev. George Alex., Inde- Levensohn, Miss Lottie, 843 Jen- pendence Av. and 254th nings Kopald, S., 680 Morris Park Av. Levenson, Joseph, 243 Canal Koplik, Chas. N., 101 Park Av. Leventritt, Edgar M., 65 W. 54th Kopolsky, Harry, 177 Essex Levl, Edward, 2671 Briggs Av. Levi, M., 224 E. 68th Korn, Isidore S., 52 Broadway Levien, Dr. D. A., 35 7th Korn, Rabbi J., 157 E. 116th Levin, Harry, 167 E. Broadway Kraft, Nathan, 3 W. 112th Levin, Max, 59 E. Broadway Krakower, Dr. Tobias B., 52 W. Levine, Edmund J., 7 Waverly PI. 114th Levine, Jacob B., 830 E. 163d Kramer, Leon M., 40 W. 115th Levinsohn, Dr. H., 227 E. 10th Kreisberg, Dr. B., 274 E. 10th Levinson, Chas., 272 W. 73d Kress, A. D., 2184 5th Av. Levinson and Shapiro, 253 Grand Krlmke, Dr. Max, 1704 Lexington Levittan, Michael A., 1550 Madison Av. Av. Kroll, E. L., 38 John Levow, Benjamin, 940 Longwood Kruger, Albert, 302 E. Broadway Av. Krulewltch, Bernard, 12 Washing- Levy, A. J., 50 E. 77th ton PI. Levy, Mrs. D., 430 Amsterdam Av. Krulewltch, Harry, 416 W. 122d Levy, Edgar J., 135 Broadway Kruskal, Dr. N., 329 Grand Levy, Mrs. Harry A., 607 Water Kruzanskrey. Jacob, 313 Church Levy, I. H., 52 E. 87th Kuhn, August, 141 Broadway Levy, Israel N., 216 W. 141st Kurzman, Charles, 536 Broorae Levy, Jacob, 1885 Lexington Av. Kurzman, Seymour P.. 25 Broad Levy, Joseph, 18 W. 115th Kutcher, Dr. M., 974 Prospect Av. Levy, Joseph, 200 Broadway Kweit. Mathilda, 434 E. 84th Levy, Julius, 132 Nassau Labovich, I., 44 1st Av. Levy, Louis W., 590 Broadway Ladinskl, Dr. L. J., 1289 Madison Levy, Nathan D., 198 Broadway Av. Levy, Samuel L., 536 W. 111th Laemmle, Carl. 417 Riverside Drive Lewenksohn, Sam'l, 151 Clinton Lamport, A. M., 790 Riverside Drive Lewi, Isidor, 515 Tribune Bldg. Lamport. Sol., 273 Canal Lewin, Dr. Ph., 530 Burk Av. Landa, Dr. M.. 281 E. Broadway Lewin-Epstein. E. W., 309 E. 22d Landau, Adolph B.. 611 W. 141st Lewine, F., 116 E. 78th Landau, Dr. M.. 200 E. 79th Lewinson, Benno, 119 Nassau Lande, Louis, 290 Broadway Lewis, Sam'l, Jr., 417 E. 85th Landesman, L., 57 Greenwich Lewlsohn, Adolph, 42 Broadway Landman, Dr. Samuel M., 220 E. Lewitter, Dr. A., 330 E. 4th 19th Lewy, Arthur J., 5 Union Square Lappner, Dr. A., 302 E. 103d Lewy, Geo. S., 832 Broadway Lasky, Sam'l D., 206 W. 106th Liberman. Abraham, 311 Bowery Lasner, Isldor, 119 Bleecker Lichtenauer, J. M., 20 Broad Lebendiger, J., 155 Orchard Lichtenstein, Moses, 600 W. 140th Lpderer. P. H.. 145 W. 127th Lichter, Ephraim, 345 Beekman Av. Leff, Nathan, 5 E. 35th Lichter, L., 605 E. 138th 80 JEWISH PUBLICATION SOCIETY 395

Lidz, Israel, 860 E. 161st St. Manfried, Max, 299 Broadway New York Lieberman, David H., 547 Broadway Manheimer, Seligman, 212 E. 60th Liebovitz, Abr., 37 W. 93d Mann, Samuel, 1121 Forest Av. Liedeker.A., 58 E. 96th Marcus, Max, 269 E. Houston Liman, Rev. Joel, 1571 Fulton Av. Marcus, Sam'l, 1187 Lexington Av. Lind, Alfred D., 71 E. 96th Margolies, Jos., 31 Scammel Lindheim, M., 149 Broadway Margolies, Rabbi M. S., 57 E. 86th Lindner, Walter, 176 Broadway Margolis, Rev. Elias, 601 W. 162d Lindo, J. J., 204 W. 110th Margolis, Louis, 970 Tinton Av. Lippe, Charles, 3 W. 128th Margolis, Louis, 1407 5th Av. Lipshitz, Bernhard, 1509 Charlotte Margolius, I., 90 Cook Lipshitz, Ezekiel, 217 E. Bway. Margulis, A., 220 Broome Lissman, Eev. Dr. Edw., 133 W. Margulis, Jos., 129 W. 22d 113th Markowitz, Max, 531 W. 123d LIttenberg, Dr. Sam'l T., 945 E. Marks, Dr. D., 50 E. 119th 163d Marks, Henry, 208 W. 137th Littman, S., 243 W. 46th Marks, Lawrence H., 47 W. 88th Livingston, Wm, 132 Mulberry Marx, Dr. Alexander, 76 Morning- Loeb, Herman A., 12 W. 84th side Drive Loeb, James, care of Kuhn, Loeb & Marx. J. L.. 545 W. 111th Co., William and Pine Matthews, Sam'l D., 258 Bway. Loeb, Dr. Martin, 1410 Wilkins May, H. G., Kemble Bldg. Av. Mayer, Dr. A., 40 E. 60th Loeb, Mitchell, 46 Ridge Mayer, Bernard, 41 E. 72d Loebl, William, 860 Broadway Mayer, Hon. Julius M., Post Office Loewenthal, Rev. D., 125 E. 114th Bldg. Loewenthal, Joe, 886 Tremont Av. Mayer, Milton, 52 William Loewy, Benno, 206 Broadway Mayers, Jacob, 73 B. 92d London, Myer, 273 E. Broadway Mayersohn, Louis, 309 5th Lorsch, Miss Fannie, 266 Lenox Av. Meadow, Jacob, 241 W. 113th Louchheim, Walter C, 56 Broadway Meadow, S., 54 St. Nicholas Av. Louis, Mrs. M. D., 9 Livingston PI. Meltsner, Charles, 54 St. Nicholas Lowenstein, Solomon, care of He- Av. brew Orphan Asylum, Amsterdam Meltzer, Dr. S. J., 13 W. 121st Av. and 138th Meltzoff, Nathan G., 1424 Bryant Lowenthal, Mrs. David, 133 W. Av. 140th Mendelsohn, M., 43 Leonard Lowinson, Oscar, 132 E. 74th Mendes. Rev. Dr. F. de Sola, 154 Lubar, A., 542 E. 139th W. 82d Lubarsky, Abraham E., 401 W. Mendes, Rev. Dr. H. P., 99 Central 118th Park, W. Lubell, Aaron D., 850 E. 161st Mendoza, Isaac, 17 Ann Lubetkin, Louis, 2 W. 120th Menline, E., 200 W. 112th Lubetkin, Mrs. Max, 111 E. 95th Merin, Dr. A. L., 361 W. 51st Ludwig, Dr. David, 200 E. 116th Messing. Moses, 82 Allen Ludz, Max, 976 Fox Meyer, H. D., 139 W. 86th Lustgarten, Wm., 68 William Meyer, Mrs. L., Central Pk., W. and Lyons, J. J., 76 William 89th Machol, Wm., 1153 Boston Rd. Meyers, Charles B., 218 W. 112th Mack, Harry, 54 William Meyrick, E. L., 980 Prospect Av. Mack, Hugo S., 7 Beekman Michlin, Dr. Sam'l, 28 E. 3d Magnes, Rev. Dr. J. L., 23 Sutton PI. Michnoff, Dr. Sam'l, 111 E. Broad- Maimin, H., 601 W. 149th way Mallax, Jos., 316 E. 165th Miller, Dr. Louis, 76 Rivington Mandel, J., 407 Broadway Miller, Max B., 362 W. 119th Mandelbaum, Dr. F. S., 1300 Madi- Miller, Nathan J., 29 Bway. son Av. Mindheim, Max, 19 E. 93d Mandell, K., 79 Worth Mindlin. H., 122 Bowery Mlandelstamm, Dr. Leo, 101 W. Mintz, J. J., 960 Prospect. Av. 117th Mintz, Oscar, 362 Cypress Av. Mandlekern, Israel, 1670 Madison Mirsky, M. D., 123 Bleecker Av. Mishkind, Dr. A. D., 12 E. 111th 81 396 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

New York Mittelman, Dr. J. H., 116 Columbia Paul, Jacob, 48 B. 28th Morgenstein, D., 45 W. 116th Pearlstein, Louis, care of The Oak- Morningstar. Joseph, 32 Park PI. dale Mills, cor. 18th and 4th Av. Morris, Jacob H., 106 'Central Park, Perla, Morris, 1626 Madison W. Perlman, Max, 55 Liberty Moses, Rev. Dr. I. S., 222 E. 61st Perlmutter, Jerome, 211 Stanton Mosesson, Rabbi H., 514 B. 12th Perlstein, Meyer S., 2 W. 120th Mosesson, Dr. S., 16 E. 120th Perman, Chas., 367 Grand Moshkovitz, Dr. Z., 314 E. 3d Peyser, A., 245 W. 111th Moskovitz, Harry, 1 W. 69th Peyser, George B., 1919 7th Av. Moskowitz, Dr. Henry, 216 Madison Phillips, A. S., 1210 Madison Av. Moskowitz, Isaac, 1098 Jackson Av. Phillips, Ellen C, 109 W. 70th Myers, Max M., 1215 Madison Av. Phillips, H., 626 Broadway Myers, Nathaniel, 135 Central Park, Phillips, Isaac L., 601 W. 144th W. Phillips, Louis S., 266 W. 132d Nachtigall, Simon, 136 Greene Phillips, Max, 823 New York Life Nadaner. D. G., Ill E. 7th Bldg. Nathan, Mrs. Frederick, 162 W. Phillips, S. O., 2255 7th Av. 86th Pickelman, H.. 941 Intervale Av. Neches, Solomon M., 40 Clinton Pike, Abner II., 1680 Clay Av. Nelson, Abr., 37 Liberty Pincus, L., 329 Beekman Neuburger, Max, 115 E. 05th Pinnolis, Jacob, 1227 1st Av. Neufeld, Emil, 91 W. 119th Pitzele, Elias, 81 Chambers Neumann, Dr. S., 317 6th Piza, Miss Rebecca, 311 W. 136th Nevins. A., 1990 7th Av. Plonsky, Ezekiel, 374 Broadway Newburger, Alfred, H., 100 Broad- Pobiner, Dr. Jos., 210 Rivington way Podell. David L., 508 W. 135th Newburger, Lester M., 100 Broad- Pollak, Charles N., 125 E. 47th way Pollock, Simon O., 128 E. 96th Newman, Abraham, 441 W. 124th Polstein, Isaac, 311 W. 100th Newman, C 309 W. 99th Pompan, Maurice A., SO Av. C Newman, Dr. I., 234 W. 112th Pool, de Sola, D., 74 W. 69th Newman, Julius, 3 W. 112th Posner, Dr. Leo R.. 274 W. 140th Newman, Dr. S. L., 263 Henry Posner, Louis S., 20 Broad Newman, Dr. Sam1]. 1556 1st Av Tosner, R., 15 W. 26th Newman, Simon, 107 E. 90th Post, J. L., 36 E. 14th Newmark, S. J., 245 W. 113th Poswolsky, Morris, 45 Clinton New York Public Library, 476 Pouch, A., 23 W. 32d Fifth Av. Poulson, Dr. F. J., 205 E. 10th Nieto, Rev. A. H., 265 W. 129th Powell, Jesse G., 83 St. Nicholas Nissenshall, A., 19 E. 115th PI. Norden, Joseph, Riverside Drive, cor. Prager, A. L., 132 Nassau 102d Prager, William, 129 E. 74th Nowak, Abraham, 77 E. 115th Prashker. Louis, 920 Prospect Av. Nusbaum, Myer, 51 Chambers Preiss, Elias, 60 W. 115th Offenbacher, Emile L., 42 Broad- Present, D., 596 Broadway way Pretzfeld. Mrs. Emma, 43 W. 89th Ohringer, Isidor. 5 E. 117th Pulaski, M. H., 124 5th Av. Ollendorf, I., 135 W. 119th Pye, Saul, 549 W. 163d Oppenheim, Harry, 310 W. 80th Quasha, Louis L., 1574 Lexington Orens, N., 1075 Tiffany Av. Orenstein, Bros., 599 Broadway Rabinavitz, P., 41 E. 7th Orlans, Nathan, 5% Essex Rabinovitch, M. A., 1536 Minford Orlansky, Miss O.. Ill E. 7th PI. Oshlnsky, Jos., 233 E. 68th Rabinowitz, J., 66 Stanton Oshlag, 'Dr. I.. 39 St. Marks PI. Rabinowitz, Dr. M., 243 E. Broad- Oshlag, Dr. J., 1622 Av. A way Ottinger, B. J., 121 St. Nicholas Av. Rabinowitz, Rabbi Moses, 1520 Pachner, Abraham, 48 Edgecombe Washington Av. Av. Radin, Dr. Max, 372 W. 120th Paley, H., 822 E. 163d Rafalovsky, A., ISO Hrnry Paris, M., 901 Prospect Av. Raff, Berman, 102 W. 29th 82 JEWISH PUBLICATION SOCIETY 397

Raphael, Mrs. E. R., 285 Central Rosenberg, .T.. 1129 Tinton Av. Park, W. Rosenberg, Moses, 74 E. 91st New York Rappaport, David M.( 103 W. 25th Rosenblum, Hyman, 27 Orchard Rasch, Simon, 551 W. 178th Rosenblume, Dr. Jos., 212 E. Broad- Ratner, Aaron, 325 E. 103d way Ratner, Dr. Leo, 1536 Madison Av. Rosenfeld, B., 60 Murray Rauch, Dr. D. L., 179 W. 88th Rosenfeld, George, 60 New Rauch, Jacob O., 381 E. 3d Rosenfeld, Miss Jessie, 119 W. 87th Reich, L. R., 170 W. 141st Rosenfield, Solomon Reichler, Rabbi Max, 1012 Simpson Rosenkranz, Dr. H., 83 E. 7th Reichman, Louis, 190 Forsyth Rosensohn, Sam'l J., 26 Liberty Reichman, Max, 190 Forsyth Rosenstaam, S. S., 345 W. 84th Reichman, Mrs. Wm, Netherland Rosensteil, Morris, 130 W. 25th Hotel Rosenstock, Miss Fanny, 1331 Madi- Reichow, Arthur W., 92 Morningside, son Av. Av. E Rosenthal, Dr. I., 185 Henry Reiner, Samuel, 49 E. 102d Rosenthal, Dr. M., 100 W. 121st Reinthaler, Dr. J. E., 62 E. 81st Rosenthal, Moses, 171 E. Broadway Reiter, Julius, H., 9 E. 97th Rosenthal, O., 871 E. 170th Relkin, Isaac, 633 Broadway Rosenthal, Stephen Brooks, 1322 Reubenstein, Raymond, 128 Broad- Madison Av. way Rosenthal, Mrs. S. W., 352 W. 117th Reznick, J., 147 E. Broadway Rosenwasser, Harry, 472 Broadway Rice, Henry, 377 Broadway Rosenwasser, M., 472 Broadway Richards, Bernard G., 356 2d Av. Rosenzweig, L., 171 Henry Richman, Miss Julia, 333 Central Roth, Chas., 148 W. 118th Park, W. Roth, Dr. Henry, 409 E. 140th Richter, Bruno, 627 Broadway Roth, Ignatz, 102 W. 121st Richter, Max, 22 B. 94th Roth, Peter, 145 2d Av. Ries, Elias E., 218 W. 112th Rothenberg, Henry, 172 Water Riglander, J. W., 49 Maiden Lane Rothenberg, Dr. M. F., 543 W. 146th Rinderman, Harry, 1031 S. Boule- Rothenberg, Morris, 5 Beekman vard Rothschild, Henry V., 290 Broad- Ritter, Dr. Isidor, 61 St. Marks PI. way Robbins, Barney R., 1 W. 101st Rothschild, Mrs. V. H.,43 Leonard Robert, Samuel, 906 Park Av. Rothstein, A. E., 131 Bleecker Robin, Dr. Henry, 1879 Madison Rottenberg, Dr. Ignatz M., 105 W. Av. 118th Robins, Dr. David, 152 Henry Rouse, Calmann, 1207 Park Av. Robinsohn, Dr. D., 245 E. Broad- Rozoff, Dr. Harry, 143 Av. B way Rubin, A. M., 150 E. 81st Robison, I., 163 Mercer Rubin, Edward, 22 E. 93d Rochelle, Dr. Geo. I., 616 Madison Rubin, J. H., 150 E. 81st Av. Rubin, M. H., 1391 Madison Av. Rodef Shalom Religious School, Rubin, Dr. Rudolph I., 50 E. lOSth Jos. Kahn, Treas., 573 Bway. Rubinsky, H. A., 17 E. 95th Rodgers, Dr. Wm. A., 3 W. 120th Rubinstein, Sam'l, 876 Macy PI. Rogers, Gus. A., 160 Broadway Runkle, Maurice, 1851 7th Av. Rogers, Mark H., 602 W. 157th Ruskay, Cecil B., 31 Liberty Roggen, Harry, 46 W. 83d Sabsovich, H. L., 43 Exchange PI. Roggen, Selig, 1326 Madison Av. Sachs, Ralph L., 1044 Madison Rogow, David I., 61 E. 11th • Sackler, Harry, 117 2d Eoram, Abe Racks, Dr. Bernard, 139 E. 103d Rongy, Dr. A. J., 154 Henry Sadowsky, R., 801 Broadway Rose, Jacob N., 484 Grand Saks, A., 34th and Broadway Rose, S., Carmel Wine Co., 325 Salem, Morris, 208 E. Broadway Grand Saloman, Leo, 49 W. 87th Rosen, Irwln, 1402 Bristow Sampter, Morris, 127 W. 17th Rosenbaum, Louis, lr.3 W. 120th Samuel, James W., 605 W. 113th Rosenbaum, Dr. M., 005 f>th Samuels, H., 13 W. 20th Rosenbaum, S. G., 207 W. 24th Samuels, Herman M., 766 Fox Rosenbeck, Miss Selma, 247 W. Sandusky, Isaac, 25 Market 135th 83 398 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

New York Saperstein, I., 624 Broadway Schwartz, Dr. Peter, 261 7th Saphirsteln, Jacob, 189 E. B'way Seasongood, Clifford, 32 Nassau Sarahson, Miss Frieda, 187 E. Broad. Seelav, Robert, 1787 Fulton Av. way Segal, Hyman R., 142 W. 113th Saruya, Abraham, 320 Broadway Seidel, Dr. Herman, 356 2d Av. Sass, Samuel, 32 Union Sq. Seidel, Rev. Dr. Jacob M., 310 E. 72d Satenstein, L., 452 Riverside Drive Seiferheld, S., 114 B. 71st Sauft, Dr. M., 10 St. Marks l'l. Selser, Dr. David M., 177 Rivington Saul, Julius, 401 West End Av. Seldin, H., 1230 Boston Rd. Schaap, Michael, 55 Liberty Seligman, Albert, 124 E. 80th Schachne, Louis, 163 E. 94th Sellgman, Prof. E. R. A., 324 W. Schaffer, Benj., 299 E. 8th 86th Schafran, B., 22 W. 21st Seligman, L. S., 35 W. 119th Schafran, I., 350 W. 88th Semel, Bernard, 345 Canal Schapiro, Max, 1555 Fulton Av. Shaff, Carl, 32 W. 18th Schechter, Dr. S., 468 Riverside Shaine, Maurice L., 350 Broadway Drive Shapiro, A., 1547 1st Av. Scheinborn, David, 147 Rivington Shapiro, B., 650 Broadway Schektman, Dr. H. N., 201 E. 102d Shapiro, Rev. Herman, 20 Pike Schenker, Ephraim, 66 Canal Shapiro, Sam'l. 404 E. 73d Schenker, Saul, 66 Canal Sheftles, Dr. B. E., 2 W. 118th Schickler, S., 64 E. 90th Shipman, Rev. Herbert, 3 E. 45th Schier, B.. 105 E. 104th Shneidman, Louis, 52 Elizabeth Schiller, M., 134 Spring Short, Dr. David, 1547 Madison Av. Schilt, Mrs. L., 329 W. 101st Short, Dr. S., 1547 Madison Av. Schindler, Jacob, 550 W. 144th Shrovsky, Frances, 1120 Bryant Av. Schlager, Rev. Simon, 1197 Boston Shulman, Morris, 61 2d Av. Rd. Sidenberg, Richard. Hebrew Orphan Schlanger, Rev. L., 1 W. 113th Asylum, 137th and Amsterdam Schlansky, Dr. Harry P., 102 Av. Madison Siegel, Benj., 1 W. 114th Schlesinger, A., 256 W. 97th Sigmund, S., 148 W. 111th Schlesinger, Mark M., 20 Broad Silberberg, Abraham A., 63 E. 93d Schmukler, Peter, 19 E. 98th Silverman, Emil, 830 E. 163d Schneider, S., 11 Eldridge Silverman, Herman, 931 Park Av. Schneiderman, Harry, 919 Av. St. Silverman, Rev. Dr. Joseph, 45 E. John 75th Schnider, S. A., 50 W. 119th Silverman, Maurice, care of Sulz- Schoenbaum, Dr. G. L., 850 Long- berger and Sons, 44th and 1st Av. wood Av. Simon, Miss Ida, 40 W. 119th Schoenfeld. Dr. Morris, 417 E. 138th Sincoff, Jacob, 230 Eldridge Schoenthal, Henry, 614 W. 136th Singer, Louis, 8 Rutgers Schomer, Abraham S., 107 E. 103d Singer, M., 1270 Madison Av. Schottenfels, Miss Sara, 59 TV. 92d Sisterhood Talmud Torah Darech Schreiber, Benj. F.. 261 Broadway Emuno, 220 W. 4th Schulman, Harry. 21 Av. C Slutske, William, 840 West End Av. Schulman, Rev. Samuel, 55 B. 92d Slutzkin, Adolph, 1428 Prospect Av. Schumer, Dr. H., 770 Hewitt PI. Smith, I. R., 783 Madison Av. Schuster, Philip, 601 E. 138th Snitzer, Dr. I. L., 216 E. Broadway Schwartz, Abe, 52 Cathedral Park- Sobel, Henry, 871 Intervale Av. way Sobel, Samuel, 935 E. 163d Schwartz, Dr. B., 940 Tiffany Sobelman, Dr. Nathan, 120 Delan- Schwartz, Ohas.. 123 E. 94th Schwartz, Dr. Chas., 1543 Madison cey Av. Sohn, Dr. David, 1283 Madison Av. Schwartz. David P.. 117 E. 56th Solarz, S., 710 Broadway Schwartz, Dr. H. B., 124 Columbia Soils, Miss Elvira N., 127 W. 74th Schwartz, Harry, 584 Concord Av. Solomon, Rev. Ellas L., 620 E. Schwartz, M. B., 213 Henry 168th Schwartz, Marie, 274 Henry Solomon, Henry, 58 E. 65th Schwartz, Max. 60 Stanton Solomon, Hyman, 370 E. 4th Schwartz, Morris, & Co., 1174 Jack- Solomon, Miss Rose, 31 Av. B son Av. Solomon, Wm., 60 E. 122d 84 JEWISH PUBLICATION SOCIETY 399

Solomon, Wm., 8 W. 117th Strizver, Herman, 1742 Bathgate New York Solotaroff, Dr. H., 939 Longwood Av. Av. Stroock, Mrs. M. J., 50 Central Sommerfeld, Miss Rose, 225 E. 63d Park, W. Sondheim, Mrs. B., 329 Grand Strulowitz, Max, 116 E. 2d Sonn, Louis, 320 Broadway Suchoff, Libbie, 239 E. 11th Sossnitz, I., 1796 Bathgate Av. Sugarman, Morris, 953 Prospect Av. Spear, Rev. Dr. J. D., 128 E. 105th Sugerman, Jos., 521 E. 138th Spector, Joseph, 241 E. 68th Sulzberger, Leo, 516 West End Av. Speier, Rabbi Moritz, 1531 2d Av. Sulzberger, Sol., Far Rockaway, N. Spektorsky, Joseph, 1337 Madison Y. Av. Sum, Dr. Wm. M., 1477 Washington Speyer, James, 257 Madison Av. Av. Spicehandler, A., 15 W. 18th Sundelson, Mrs. R. Wilner, 1873 Spiegel, Rev. Dr. Adolph, 1 W. Madison Av. 119th Suskind, Harris, 480 E. 141st Spiegel, Jacob, 230 W. 140th Swaab, Mrs. Mayer M., Jr., 88 Cen- Spiegelberg, F\. 36 W. 76th tral Park, W. Spiegelberg, I. N., 42 Broadway Szold, Miss Henrietta, 528 W. 123d Spiegelberg, Mrs. L., 151 Greene Tannenbaum, Abner, 207 W. 147th Spielman, M., 343 E. 10th Tannenbaum, Dr. Julius, 235 W. Spinver, Dr. Jonas, 119 Pitt 113th Stander, Isaac J., 1209 Vyse Av. Tannenbaum, Lippman, 3 W. 121st Starr, Hyman, 468 Riverside Drive Tannenbaum, Dr. Simon, 424 E. Startz, Dr. L., 199 E. 3d 84th Stecher, Dr. Sam'l, 144 Columbia Tartakowsky, S., 220 Eldridge Steckler, David, 135 Broadway Tennant, John A., 122 E. 25th Steigman, Dr. Philip, 64 Suffolk Terr, Herman, 67 Wooster Stein, Dr. Chas. I., 19 E. 108th Theodoraff, M. Pope, 220 W. 110th Stein, Morton, 514 W. 122d Tillman, Dr. J. R., 276 E. B'way Steinberg, Dr. Henry, 226 E. 10th Tim, Mrs. Louis, 16 W. 74th Steiner, Joseph, 22 W. 21st Tintner, Rabbi B. A., 100 W. 119th Steinhardt, Jos. H.. 310 W. 103d Tombacher, I., 224 Centre Steinhaus, Isaac, 261 Broadway Trachtman, Nathaniel, 1472 Wilkins Sterman, Sol., 71 E. 109th Av. Stern, A., 52 E. 61st Traster, Joseph, 446 W. 164th Stern, Harry A., 52 E. 89th Treuhold, Morris, 600 W. 163d Stern, Henry, 533 W. 158th Trochman, Mrs. Morris, 318 E. 80th Stern, Louis, 36 W. 23d Tropp, Dr. Herman, 1703 Madison Stern, Louis, 464 Riverside Drive Av. Stern, Meyer, 325 E. 50th Trumkowsky, Isaac, 96 Monroe Stern, Morris, 15 Union Sq., W. Tuhna, D. L., 165 E. B'way Stern, Nathan B., 33 Gold Tunick, Dr. S. S., 258 Henry Sternlicht, Dr. Isaac, 49 St. Marks Turitz, M., 326 E. 32d Turtletaub, Max. 1391 Madison Av. PI. Tushnett, Max M., 1412 Bristow Stiefel, Dr. I., 69 1st Tushnett, Philip. 1052 Bryant Av. Stierheim, Julius, Ellis Island Ufland, Abr., 545 W. 111th Stoliar, Oscar, 1667 Lexington Av. TTng-er, Herman. 73 E. 90th Stone, Nathan H., 3089 Broadway linger, Philip, 884 E. 165th Straus, Hon. A. D., 18 Broadway Unger, Wm.. 48 E. 89th Straus, Benj., 442 W. 42d United Hebrew Community, 203 E. Straus, Mrs. Isidor, care of R. II. Broadway Macy & Co. Untermeyer. Chas. 1., 2345 B'way Straus, Jesse I., care of R. H. Valentine, S., 24 E. 96th Macy & Co. Van Raalte, Z., 100 5th Av. Straus, Simon, 221 W. 116th Van Veen. Joshua, 749 Jennings Strauss, Mrs. Martin, 401 West End Vidaver, Nathan, 116 Nassau Av. Vogel, Dr. Heinrich, 1425 Madison Strauss, Nathan, 128 E. 80th Av. Strauss, Dr. S., Ill W. 119th Vogelstein, L., 36 W. 59th Strizver, Harris, 2327 Crotona Av. Wacht, S., 790 Riverside Drive 26 85 400 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

New York Waldman, Morris D., 356 2d Av. Wolf, Mrs. Morris L., 73d and Cen- Walttzky, Ellas, 201 E. Broadway tral Park, W. Wallman, Samuel, 106 E. 97th Wolf, Rabbi Nathan. 65 W. 11th Walter, Mrs. W. I., 115 W. 57th Wolf, Slmson, 203 Broadway Warschauer Young Men's Benevo- Wolff, Dr. Alexander, 141 E. 34th lent Association, 123 2d Av. Wolff, H., 526 W. 26th Wasserman, Alex, 45 Clinton Wolff, Mrs. J. R., 31 W. 54th Wasserman, H., 161 E. 65th Wolff, Dr. S. C, 84 E. 108th Wasservogel, Isidor, 1275 Lexington Wolfman, Dr. Ph., 105 E. 19th Av. Wolfson, I. H., 52 William Watters, Dr. L. L., 250 W. 94th Wolkowitz, Rev. F., 102 W. 114th Weil, Arnold Chas., 2643 Broadway Wollman, Henry, 20 Broad Well, L., 303 W. 100th Wollsteln, Louis, 325 Central Park, Well!, Max L., 333 Bowery W. Weinberg, Mrs. I., 548 W. 164th Yedeikln. Nathan, 48 E. 107th Welnberg, Mark, 997 Union Av. Young Women's Hebrew Associa- Weinberger, Emanuel, 417 E. Hous- tion, 1584 Lexington Av. ton Youngman, M., 424 Amsterdam Av. Welner, Ben., 35 W. 115th Younker, Herman, 31 Union Welner, Sam'l, 222 W. 137th Zaltzberg, M., 589 E. 138th Welner, Sam'l, 2411 7th Av. Zevin, Israel J., 1044 Bryant Av. Welngart, I., 122 5th Av. Zilevitz, Barnet, 851 Cauldwell Av. Welngarten, Oscar, 135 Central Zimis, J. S., 79 E. 4th Park, W. Zimmerman, M., 318 E. Houston Weinstein, Alex, 38 Park Row Zimmerman, Morris, 1431 Madison Welnsteln, Dr. Joseph, 261 Central Av. Park, W. Zinsler, Rev. Dr. L., 77 W. 12Sth Welnstock, D., 302 Broadway Zipser, Dr. Max A., 52 St. Marks Welsbord, E., 917 Bryant Av. Weiss, Henry, 627 3d Av. PI. Weiss, Herman, 76 St. Marks PI. Zolotkoff, Leon, 1956 Crotona Park- Weiss, Joseph, 1436 Prospect Av. way Weiss, Nathan H., care of Beth Is- Zukowsky, Morris E., 82 Chrystie rael Hospital Zvirin, Nathan. 465 E. 172d Weiss, S., 68 Hester Zweifach, Miss Dorothea, 1732 Mad- Weiss, Dr. Samuel, 73 Av. D ison Av. Weissenstein, E., 112 W. 123d Wels, Isidore, 299 Broadway Niagara Falls Werner, Louis, 251 W. 102d Wertheim, Jos. B., 55 E. 60th Amberg, Max, 734 Main Wiener, Adam, 320 Broadway Arnson, Harriet, 520 Cedar Av. Wiernlk Peter. 291 Henry Cong. Temple Beth El, care of Miss Wiley, Louis, The Wyoming Hat.tie Arnson, 520 Cedar Av. Wilhelm, Max, 305 Canal Oppenheim. Carrie. 1635 8th Wilhelm, Mrs. S., 207 W. 110th Silberberg Bros., 2118 Main Wilner, Dr. Anna S., 133 W. 12th Weil, Abraham, 716 Division Av. Winehevsky, M., 555 W. 151st Winer, E., 125 E. 85th Oakdale Winer, H. L., 187 E. Broadway Winkler, Chas., 1646 Amsterdam Av. Rabkin, Barnet, Indian Neck Farm Winkler, Morris, 311 Broome Wise, Mrs. Leo H., 28 E. 63d Ogdenstmrg Wise, Rev. Dr. Stephen S., 23 W. Frank, Nathan 90th Wishinsky, M., 5 Great Jones Olean Wltkind, Isidore, 299 Broadway Marcus, U. W. Wodiska, Julius, 231 W. 113th Wolbarst, Dr. A. L.. 113 E. 19th Wolf. Abr., 2 W. 86th Osslnlng Wolf, Alfred M., 119 W. 25th Society for Aid of Jewish Prison- Wolf, Miss Augusta, 222 W. 122d ers, Jewish Chaplain, Sing Sing Wolf, Dr. Irving J., 220 Henry Prison 86 JEWISH PUBLICATION SOCIETY 401

Feekskill Schenectady New York Kirk, F. E., 823 South Gold, Arthur, 302 Congress Jacobs, Rev. Pizer, 201 Seward PI. Jaffe, Henry, Box 647 Pelham Lichtenberg, Chester, 138 Park PI. Isaacs, Lewis M. Llfset, Abraham, 66 Parker Bldg. Mandels, Abraham, 1431 Mott Richmond Hill Sacharoffi, D. Cahn, Sigmund, 430 Lincoln Av. Stein, Mrs. Samuels, 21% Ferry Rochester Sheepshead Bay LIBRARY MEMBER Colgut, Edward, Shore Rd. Michaels, Jos., care of Michaels, Stern & Co. Spring Valley Bernstein, Harris SPECIAL MEMBERS Doniger, Jacob August, Simon, 187 St. Paul Levy, Louis J. Levy, Jacob, 15 Boardman Lichtenstein, R., care of Michaels, Syracuse Stern & Co. SPECIAL MEMBERS Stolz, Benjamin, 718 B. Jefferson ANNUAL MEMBERS Winter, John M., 460 S. Sabina Adler, A., 261 University Av. ANNUAL MEMBERS Adler, Isaac, 25 Buckingham Apfelbaum, S. J., 20 Cumberland Belloff, L. A., 724 Harrison Bernls, Dr. Win. J., 24 Hyde Park Braude, Rev. Moses J., 523 Harrison Blumstiel, J., 204 Dartmouth Bronner, Mrs. H., 719 B. Genesee Chertoffi, Paul, 85 Lyndhurst Drob, Rev. Max, 515 Irving Av. Clonick, Moses Z., 132 Goodman Eisner, Dr. H. L., Fayette Park Frankel, Chas., 23 Oregon Gerber, William W., 513 Orange Garelick, Isidore, 16 Hanover Guttman, Rev. Dr. A., 102 Walnut Guggenheim, Geo., 76 Burrington PI. Hebrew Library, Louis Lipshitz, 201 Hoi stein, David, 722 Comstoek Av. Chatham Jacobson, Dr. N. Jewish Young Men's Assn., 3 Junior Kadimah Zion Society, care Franklin of A. B. Kauffmnn. 6G2 Madison Katz, Abram J., 345 Bast Av. Levy, Dr. I. H., 717 B. Genesee Landsberg, Rev. Dr. Max, 420 E. Mundy, Ezekiel W., Public Library Main Rosenbioom, Henry Marks, Haskell H.. 360 North Rubenstein, A., 352 W. Onondaga Miller, William, 571 University Av. Rubin, M. D., Grand Opera House Pearl man, Abraham I., 78 Wood- Bldg bury Schwartz, Isaac, 114 Trinity PI. Posner, Isaac, 21 Harrison Shapero, I. M., 515 Irving Av. Present, Philip, 60 South Union Solomon, S. D., 1 Empire Blk. Rose, B., 60 Av. A Thalheimer, G., 1006 E. Genesee Rubenstein, Nathan, 266 Joseph Av. Zenner, Joseph, 704 S. Crouse Av. Schoenberg, Israel. 150 Chatham Stern, Chas., 19 Andrews Troy Wile, Julius M., Powers Hotel SPECIAL MEMBERS Kaufman, I. L.. 44 3d Saranac Lake Smith & Goldstein, 122 3d Feustmann, Maurice M., P. O. Box ANNUAL MEMBERS 405 Boyer, J. H., 451 Fulton Butler, H. H., 145 1st Saratoga Cane, Isaac, 236 9th Goldsmith, B. J. Cohen, M. J., 1633 5th Av. 87 402 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

New York Ellenbogen, L. R 130 1st TTtica Erllch, Leon, 458 Broadway Abelson, Barney, 195 Oneida Freedman, A., 23 Congress Harris, A. Mitchell, 40 Lansing Gatslick, Goldie, 2134 5th Av. Lewis, M., 129 John Goldberg, Mrs. R., 18 King Ooldsmlth, Z. A., 148 River Gordon, A. J., 167 1st Westchester Haberman, M., 162 7th Av. Jacobs Bros., 1 Gale PI. Guterman, Morris, 656 Morris Park Jacobs, James. 39 Pinewoods Av. Av. Kramer, H.. 92 King Lazdon, Jacob E., 64 Washington White Plains Lewis, Mrs. S., 130 1st Marks, B., 237 Pawling Av. Citron, Nathan, 51 Battle Av. Mednick, J., 169 1st Muffson, I., 163 4th Muffson. Joseph, 50 King Yonkers Myers, Jacob, 120 15th Rosenberg, Jason, B'way and 3d Abrahams, Jos. L., 17 Carroll Rosenzweig, Jos., 482 River Arbiter, David, 48 Main Sandberg, Solomon, 31 King Cohen, Max, 115 Morris Schnabel, Frank, 1459 5th Av. Freudenhelm, St., Marshall Rd. Sink, H., 7 Division Goodhart, Edwin J., 34 Elinor PI. Sytnansky Bros., 244 1st Israels, Mrs. Belle L., 21 Edgecliff Till, S., 52 Congress Terrace Troy Public Library, Mary F. Davis, Jacobs, Dr. Joseph, 11 Greystone Librarian Terrace Wall en stein, M., 152 River Katz, Ignntz, City Hall Weinberger, J., 19 Congress Lindner. A. S., Riverdale Av. Weisberg, S. L., Times Bldg. Wolff, Dr. H. T., 151 Linden North NORTH CAROLINA Carolina Asheville Horwitz, A., 707 S. Elm Finkelstein, H. L., 167 N. Main Lindau. J. W. Frledlander, Mrs. S. A., 94 N. Oppelman, Phil. Liberty Schiffman, S., 400 S. Spring Henry, Ph. S., Zealandla Stern. David, 209 S. Ashe Lipinsky, M., 208 Cotton Av. Sternberger, E., 715 Summit Av. Lipinsky, S. Sternberger, H., 712 Summit Av. Lowenheim, Julius Temko, Max, 119 Battleground Av. Michalove, Isaac, 203 Ashland Av. Samuels, Abraham Hendersonville Whitlock, Mrs. A., 278 Haywood Lewis, E. & Son, Box 156 Carthage Raleigh Wainer, M. Aronson, B. Charlotte Rocky Mount Baumgarten, H., 7 W. Trade Miller, H., Sr. Epstein, E. Goldsboro Salisbury Epstein, M. N. Oestreicher, Dave Rosenthal, Jos. Wallace, Victor Weil, Mrs. Henry Weil, Mrs. Sol. Wilmington Bear, Samuel, Jr., 121% Princess Greensboro Jacobi, Marcus W . Cone, Ceasar Mendelsohn, Rev. Dr. S. Egelson, Rabbi Louis I., Greensboro Solomon, B. Hebrew Cong. Young Men's Hebrew Assn., P. O. Goldstein, J., 740 S. Elm Box 833 88 JEWISH PUBLICATION SOCIETY 403

OHIO Ohio Akron ANNUAL MEMBERS Akron Public Library, M. P. Edger- Cohen, Hyman, 42-2 W. 2d ton, Libr. Cohn, Samuel, 1200 W. 9th Arenson, Edward, 423 W. Cedar Feiman, S., 1109 S. Cherry Arenson, Max, 82 Hall Glaser, S., 1902 Kloyer Av. Bear, Max, 91 Bittman Green, M., 417 McKinlev Av. Bear, Simon, 72 W. Exchange Greenberger, Jos., Public Square Becker, M., 410 Wabash Av. Klafter, Philip, 122 N. Market Belensky, H., 268 S. Main Lavin, Harry, 813 S. Cherry Bernstein, Max A., 28 Byers Av. Luntz, S., 1010 N. Walnut Danzig, Louis, 294 W. Exchange Rapoport, Philip, 1016 S. Cherry Densur, D., 288 W. Market Scholnik, N., 1004 W. 9th Federman, M. J., 18 S. Main Simons, S. B., 310 S. Cherry Freiburg, Louis D., 25 Conger Av. Sklorman, Louis, 821 S. Cherry Goldman, Morris, 15 Mt. View Av. Gross, Rabbi Louis, 194 Beck Av. Chillicothe Jaffe, Herman D., 125 Greenway Schachne, Richard, 202 W. West Kazan, Simon, 104 Hall Sulzbacher, W. F., 165 W. 2d Krohngold, Maurice, 530 W. Mar- ket Cincinnati Levin, Victor. 237 W. Exchange Mirman, S. N., 401 S. Bway. LIFE MEMBERS Neuman, M. M., 457 W. Market Seasongood, Murray, 808 N. Cres- Nobil, .T., 82 Oakdale cent Av. Philo, Rabbi Isidor E., 105 S. Balsh Union of American Hebrew Congre- Polsky, A., 50 Oakdale gations Silberman, David, 141 Westwood Av. SPECIAL MEMBERS Sokol. I., 193 S. Main Fox, Solomon, 2651 Highland Av. Woloveck, Max, 184 Carroll Goldsmith, A. W., 3225 Harvey Av. Lazarus, Jos., 647 Forest Av. Alliance Meyer, Jos. L., 871 Hutchins Av. Frutkin, J. W., 126 Geiger Av. Schwab, A. G., 10 Avon Apts. Geiger, Morris W., 116 W. Summit Senior, Ed., 2220 Frances Lane Milovsky, Rose, 330 N. Main Senior, Max, Mitchell Bldg. Noll, B.' M., 50 E. High ITnger, Ennis, 1384 Myrtle Av. Sitrin, Sam, 66 W. Summit Wald, Mrs. Richard H., 561 Hale Av. Baltic Alper, M. ANNUAL MEMBERS Abrams, Sam'l J., care of Heb. Un- Bellalre ion College Behr, S., 3110 Union Berman, A., 849 Windham Av. Blum, H. Bettman, Alfred, First National Blum, Mrs. I. Bank Bldg. Duga, Mrs. F. A., 3143 Belmont Bettman, B., Hotel Alms, Walnut Mayer, Elik Hills Bettman, Morris L., 3739 Reading Bucyrus Rd. Bach, Jacob, care of Nusbaum and Bing. Ben M., 818 Hutchins Av. Bach Bloch, .7., 810 Main Browarsky, Ph., 666 Middletown AT. Bloch, Joshua. 3156 Harvey Av. Englehart, H., 217 W. Mansfield Block, Abr., 810 Main Geiger, W. J., Spring St. Block, Simon, 3615 Washington Av. Lubesky, A. H., 416 S. Poplar Bloom, Irving M., 724 W. 6th Nussbaum, M.. 120 S. Spring Bloom, Isaac, 3511 Burnett Av. Vogel, Chas. M., Deal House B'nai .Teshurun S. S. Library Bogen, Boris D., 965 Elberon Av. Canton Cohen, Alfred M., S. W. cor Wal- SPECIAL MEMBER nut & 3d Margolies, Mayer E., 415 W. 9th Cohon, S., 1009 Chapel, W. H. 89 404 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

Ohio Danziger, Morris M., 910 Central Kotzin, Theodore, 245 Hearn Av. Av. Krohn, Louis, 2902 Gilbert Av., Davis, Charles K., 550 Prospect PI. W. H. Dine, Harry N., 2216 Fulton Av. Kronenberger, Louis, 911 Lexington Dine, Ph., 1123 Main Av. Dreifus. D., 1342 Locust, W. H. Latz, Charles B., 2104 Fulton Av. Englander, Dr. Henry, 1355 Myrtle Lauterbach, Dr. J. Z., 724 W. 6th Av., W. H. Lazaron, Morris, cor. Highland and Ezekiel, Henry C. McMillan Pellheimer, M,, 820 Mann PI. Leikert, Julius, Hebrew Union Col- Fichman, David, 207 Hearn Av. lege Freiberg, Dr. Albert H., 3576 Alaska Lesser, Myer, 1321 Locust Av. Levi, H. J., 612 Mann PI. Freiberg, Bernhard, 746 Greenwood Levi, Louis S., 532 Prospect PI. Av. Levine, J. E., 963 Francisco Freiberg, J. Walter, 3583 Alaska Av. Levy, Harry M., 2933 Fairfleld Av. Freiberg, Maurice J., 3577 Alaska Levy, Lipman, 861 Beecher Av. Levy, Max, 2208 Fulton Av., W. H. Freiberg, Sigmund, 1322 Locust Livingston, H. S., 421 Forest Av. Fridman, Jeanette S., 1501 Lincoln Mack, Alfred, S. W. cor. 3d and Av. Walnut Friedlander, I. T., 4 Burnett Av. Mack, Jacob W., 984 Burton Av. Fries, Gus. R., 3221 Falrfleld Av. Mack. Ralph W., 549 Mitchell Av. Ginsberg, Dr. II. E., 4005 Woodland Mandel. Henry, 16 Haydock Flats Av. Mann, Louis, 3244 Woodburn Goldman, Louis J., 853 Beecher, W. Mannhelmer, Jennie, Lyric Theater H. Bldg. Grossman, Rev. Dr. Louis, 2212 Marks, L. V., 340 Northern Av. Park Av., W. H. Marks, M. H., 2321 Kemper Lane, W. H. Heinsheimer, Edward L., 3584 Alas- Marks, Martin, 689 S. Crescent Av. ka Av. Markstein, B. M., 34 London Court flessberg, Mrs. Danlei, 840 Glen- Marx, Louis, 2837 Melrose Av. wood Av. Marx, Robert S., 867 Lexington Av. Hillkowitz, Dr. William, 19 W. 7tb May, Max D., 311 Goodman Hirsch, Max, S. W. cor. 3d and Race Mayer, E. M., 994 Dan.i Av. Hodges, W. W. C, Libr. Public Li- Mayerburg, Sam'], care of Hebrew brary Union College Hoffheimer, Hon. H. M., 2335 Grand- Mazure, Maurice M., care of Hebrew view Av. Union College Hoffheimer, S. A., 504 Forest Av. Millziner, Rev. Jacob, 519 Prospect Holzberg, J., Ehrman and Wilson PI. Av. Meis, Henry, 13 W. Pearl Hullenbauer, Emil. 3406 Harvey Av. Moiss, Leon. 813 Main PI. Huttenbauer, I., 3348 Burnett Av. Miller, Raphael W., 631 W. 7th Isaacs, A., 3552 Bogart Av Moch, Moses E., Reading Road, Isaacs, Nathan, Apt. 2, The Arogon opp. S. Crescent Av. Jewish Hospital Newburgh, Louis, 2327 Highland Jonap, Henry, 2854 Winslow Av. Av., W. H. Joseph, Joseph, Forest and Alaska Newburgh, Major S., 2334 Upland Avs. PI. Joseph, Leopold, 3573 Bogart Av. Oettlnger, Myer, 824 Beecher, W. Kadisevitz, Isidore, 025 W. 7th W. H. Kahn, David F.. 840 Hutch ins Av. Oscherowitz, I., 714 W. 6th Av. Kahn, Felix, 762 S. Crescent Av. Ottenhelmer, Jacob, 338 Rockdale Kahn, Lazard. 3975 Beechwood Av. Av. Kahn, Sam, 731 S. Crescent Av. Philipson, Rev. Dr. David, 3947 Klein, E., 705 Olenwood Av. Beechwood Av. Klein, Jos., 2810 Stanton Av. Phillips, Elias H., 746 E. Ridgeway Koch, Jacob M., 3569 Bogart Av. Phillips, Godfrey J., 674 Forest. Av. Kohler, Rev. Dr. K., 3016 Stanton Pink, Louis P.. 410 Armory Av. Av. Plaut, Nathan, 656 Forest Av. 90 JEWISH PUBLICATION SOCIETY 405

Pollak, Mrs. Emil, 2648 Stanton Oircleville Ohio Av., W. W. H. Friedman, B. Pollak, Jacob, Hebrew Union Col- Joseph, Germain lege Joseph, Henry Pritz, Carl, 4064 Rose Hill Av. Pritz, Sydney E., 909 Sycamore Eauh, Fred., 760 S. Crescent Av. Cleveland Raushoff, Dr. Jos., 2929 Vernon PI. SPECIAL MEMBERS Reins, I., 742 Greenwood Av. Baker, E. M., 2017 Cornell Rd. Rheinstrom, Sig., 771 Greenwood Kohn, David S., 5908 Thackeray Av. Av. Richmond, Harry, Hebrew Union Kohn, Mrs. Will S., 6016 Thackeray College Av. Roettinger, Philip, 906 4th National Bank Bldg. ANNUAL MEMBERS Rothenberg, Sam'l, 803 Lincoln Av. Adams, S. A., 10100 S. Boulevard Samcovy, T., 226 Albany Av. Babin, Mrs. Isidore, 1433 E. 9th Schottenfels, Jacob, First National Bernstein, Alex., 2510 E. 40th Bank Bldg. Bialosky Bros, and Co., 780 Kins- Schottenfels, Max, 3438 Duny Av. man Seasongood, Lewis, Reading Road Biskind, Dr. I. J., 2350 E. 55th and Crescent Av. 1 Braham, L. A., care of The May Co. Seinsheimer, H. A., 3640 Reading Brody, Dr. Myer, Woodland Av. and Road E. 37th Seinsheimer, Mrs. Sam'l, 3630 Read- Brosseau, David I., care of Bailey ing Road Co. Silberherg, Max, 30 W. 3d Deutsch, A. S., 207 Kennard Av. Sosna, Hyman, Hebrew Union Col- Ebin, Rabbi W. H., 2553 E. 37th lege Einstein, H., 8604 E. Carnegie Av. Spiegel, Frederick S., 855 Hutchins Elseman, Charles, 1029 Citizens Av. Bldg. Stern, Dr. D., 108 Garfleld PI. Englander, Dr. I., 2649 E. 53d Strashun, Dr. M., 6th & Smith Ettinger, Chas., 636 E\iclid Av. Straus, I. S., 22 W. Pearl Feder, Marcus, 2234 E. 55th Straus, Sam, 2530 May Feiss, Julius, 113 St. Clair Strauss, Henry, 740 S. Crescent Av. Felss, Paul L., 113 St. Clair Tauber, Dr. Elinore B., 19 W. 7th Feniger, Ben, 737 Soc. for Savings Tedesche, Sidney, 3433 Carthage Av. Bldg. Tennenbaum, Miss Minnie, 1356 Flneberg, Juda, 2430 E. 46th Burdette Av., W. H. Garber, Aaron, 4505 Woodland Av. Trager, I. Newton, 333 Forest Av. Gittleson, Dr. R., 4005 Woodland Trager, J. Garfleld, 3863 Reading Av. Rd. Glickman, J., 2334 E. 46th Trost, Samuel, 510 Forest Av. Goodman, Max P., 1803 Radnor Trounstine, "Victor, 2 Lee Court Rd. Weiss, Alexander, 18 Arcade Gordon, A., 2516 E. 33d Weiss, Harry, 817 Oak, W. H. Gries, Rev. Moses J., 2045 E. 93d Westheimer, Morris F., 3557 Rose- Gross, Sam, 1819 Cadwell Av. dale PI. Grossman, Louis J., 206 Soc'y for Winkler, Eli, 522 Forest Av. Savings Bldg. Winkler, Isaac, 3602 Washington Grossman, Nelson S., 5603 Scoville Av. Av. Wolf, James J., 830 Glenwood Av. Grunauer, B. P. Wolff, Gabriel H., 3032 Hockberry Hahn, Dr. Aaron, 1914 E. 66th Wolfstein, Dr. D. I., 847 Glenwood Halle, Mrs. Manuel. 2341 E. 40th Av. Halle, Salmon P., 95 Euclid Av. Wolfstein, Sam'l, 836 Glenwood Av. Hartman, Sam. 1927 E. 73d Workum, David J., 678 N. Crescent Hays, Kaufman, 316 Amesbury Av. Av. Heimlich, Daniel, 664 Rose Bldg. Wyler, A. E., S. W. cor. McMillan Holstein, N. L., 6507 Superior Av. and Ingleside Huebschman, E. J., 10010 Parkgate Zepin, Rabbi Geo., 90 Carew Bldg. Av. 91 406 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

Ohio Jacobson, Dr. Theo., 728 Permanent Zeligzon, Dr. Maurice, 5705 Haw- Bldg. thorne Av. Jewish Orphan Library Union, care of Jewish Orphan Asylum Joseph, Isaac, 632 St. Clair Av. Columbus Joseph, Sieg., 349 Amesbury Av. SPF.CIAL MEM BEE Kanner, G., 12320 E. 63d Katz, Louis A., 528 Williamson Lazarus, Fred, 1080 Bryden Rd. Bids. Kntz. Max E., 2355 E. 40th ANNUAL MEMBERS Klein, David, 319 Soc'y for Savings' Barnett, Harry K., Lock Box 511 Bldg. Basch, Jos., 703 Franklin Av. Kohn, S., 2318 E. 46th Columbus Public Library, per E. O. Kolinsky, Abraham, 2387 E. 39th Randall, chairman Book Comm. Kolinsky, M., 2420 E. 43d Finkelstein, N., 904 Parsons Av. Korach, H., 6109 Hawthorne Av. Goldsmith, Jacob S., 1263 Bryden Kornhauser, Mrs. D. H., 1877 E. Rd. 75th Goldsmith, Max, 19 E. Livingston Lev, Nathan, 6204 St. Clair Av. Av. Levy, Isaac, 8606 Carnegie Av. Goldsmith, Sein B., 1133 Franklin Liebovitz, Rabbi H. A., 4306 Sco- Av. ville Av. ' Gordon, Dr. E. J., 836 E. Livingston Margolies, Rabbi S.. 2119 E. 46th Av. Marks, M. A., 1886 E. 93d Gumble, Henry, 7S1 Bryden Rd. Meisel, Max E., 1405 Williamson Herskowitz, Sam J., 599 E. Rich Bldg. Hyman, Mrs. Lewis, 17 W. Oakland Miller, J. H., 11435 Euclid Av. Av. Morgenstern, Jos., Woodland and E. Kohn, Emil, 799 Dennison Av. 37th Kornfeld, Rev. Jos., 376 Linwood Morgenst.ern. S., 2315 E. 43d Av. Moses, Abraham, 5801 Thackeray Lieberman, L., 617 E. Livingston Av. Av. Magaziner, Hugo, 374 Linwood Av. Neiger, Arthur A., 2350 E. 39th Newman, E. M., 1450 E. Broad Pelser, Rabbi Simon, Jewish Or- Newman, Jacob, 12 E. Spring phan Asylum Ohio State Library Peskind, Dr. A., 2414 E. 55th Rosenthal, C. M., 510 E. Livingston Prentkey, Sol, 1606 Holyrood Rd. Schainfarber, C. J., 1424 Franklin Reiter, E., 1607 E. 82d Av. Rocker. S., 2557 E. 39th Schatenstein, A. J., 342 S. Washing- Rothschild, B. Lilian, 3526 Wood- ton Av. land Av. Schontha), Jos. Sandrowitz, Phil., 7704 Hough Av. Schottenstcin, Max, 227 N. 5th Sands, L., 1551 E. Boulevard Silverman, Morris, 500 S. Washing- Shlesinger, S., 7802 Cedar Av. ton Av. Silbert, Sam'l N., 4708 Woodland Steinfeld, Dr. A. M., 322 N. 5th Av. Av. Silver, Max. 2390 E. 38th Zion Lodge, I. O. B. B., care of Dr. Simon, H., 2749 E. 51st Kornfeld, 376 Linwood Av. Simon, M., 2740 E. 51st Steam, Abraham, 2368 E. 40th Temple Library, Willson and Cen- Dayton tral Av. Ach, Ferdinand Tifereth Israel Cong., E. 55th and Cohen, Minnie, 670 Richard Central Av. Frank, Chas., 2105 E. 5th Well, Meyer, 11310 Bellflower Rd. Lefkowitz, Rev. David, 55 Richmond Wiener, A.. 1082 Case Av. Av. Wolfenstein, Dr. S., Jewish Orphan Margolis, Jacob, 39 Jones Asylum Margolis, Max, 28 E. 5th Wolpaw, Jacob, 2064 E. 82d Margolis, Max K., 24 Jones Wolsey, Rev. Louis, 3848 Prospect Margolis, S., 945 N. Broadway Av. Margolis, Sol., 338 Morton Av. 92 JEWISH PUBLICATION SOCIETY 407

Rosenthal, Charles H., 208 S. Lud- Oroville Ohio low Perilstein, Mrs. Jos. Sajovich. Mrs. Ike, 31 Eagle Yassenoff, Miss Rebecca, 104 Xenia Av. Fiqua East Liverpool SPECIAL MEMBER Bendheim, G. Flesh, Henry, Citizens Nat'I Bk. ANNUAL MEMBERS Findlay Kahn, A., 419 N. Wayne Gordon, I. J., 518 S. Main Louis, Leo, 621 N. Caldwell Louis, Meyer, Boone St. Hamilton Louis, R., Boone St. Lane Free Library, per Clayton A. Michelson, M. B., 503 South Av. Leiter, Sec'y Nowman, A., 11 S. C Portsmouth Siebler, B., 520 N. 3d Strauss, Ben, 622 Dayton LIBRARY MEMBER Horchow, Samuel Ironton ANNUAL MEMBERS Brumberg, A. B. Edelson, M. E., 166 S. 5th Atlas, Henry Levinson Bros., 3d St. Brown, Joseph, 825 Gallia Mearan, I., S. 6th St. Goodman, S. W., 1227 5th Hammel, Alfred, 306 Chillicothe Kline, A., 514 N. Waller Lebanon Lehman, M., 938 Second Kaufman, A. B. Quasser Ike Schapiro, Rev. A. Lima Schloss, Sam M., 721 9th Michael, N. L., 213 N. Main Straus, Fred, 511 2d Mansfield Sandusky Freundlich, Louis Kaplan, Sam'l, Market St. Goldsmith, Aaron, 5 W. 1st Haupt, J., 22 Flint Sidney Weil, Henry, 340 Park Av. SPECIAL MEMBER Marion Herzstram, A., 849 Main Av. Brown, Aaron, 416 N. State ANNUAL MEMBERS Schwartz, L., 118 S. Main Joseph, M. Strelitz, Henry, 113 N. Main Levin, B., 713 Ohio Av. Rosenthal, Isaac Massillon Bloomberg, Mrs. H. A., 1108 E. Springfield Main Bornstein, Harry Mount Ternon Ebner, Jos., 26 E. Cassidy Isaacs, Isaac, P. O. Box 474 Dubinsky, Mrs. B., High and Norton Joffa, S. J.. 72 W. Main Hyman. Mrs. Max Kleeman, Max L., 21 S. Fountain Levey, Mrs. Joel, 122 E. Susrar Av. Lurie, Mrs. Harry. 208 E. Vine Klein, Jacob, 1032 S. Center Meyers, Mrs. Max Le Bolt, Gus, 463 Fairbanks Bldff. Rosenthal, Mrs. A.. 601 E. Vine Lessner, A. L., 132 E. Columbia Rosenthal, Mrs. I., 607 E. High Levy, M. D., 516 S. Limestone Oppel, Richard, 1307 S. Fountain Newark Salzer, Gus. M., 45 W. High GoldbPrsrer, David. 229 W. Main Schonberg, M.. 4S6 Hudson Av. Struthers Weisman and Saks Harrison, Morris E. 93 408 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

Ohio Toledo Goldstein, M., 527 Bryson. Alexander, Rnbbi D., 229 Winthrop Hain. Max, 120 E. Myrtle Av. Benowitz, Rev. H., 807 Utica Handmacher, Dr. B. B., 1429 Mlllt- Cohen, A. S.. 561 Erie cent Av. Priedland, Mrs. S., 1950 Canton Kornhauser, David, 87 Wick Oval Geleerd, Myer, 2112 Madison Av. Livingstone, M., 1323 Ohio Av. Hirsch, Herman, 38 13th Lyman, Dr. C. B., 283 W. Federal Jacobson, Dr. J. H., 239 Michigan O'zersky, Emanuel, 7 N. Forest Av. Kaufmann, Nathan, 2110 Scottwuod Ozersky, Louis, 42 Vlck PI. Av. Ozersky, Max M., 64 Broadway Kbbacker, Mrs. Jos. I., 2311 Glen- Regenstreich, Louis, 311 E. Bord- wood Av. man Levison, Harry, 2226 Putnam Rodef Sholem Congregation Sabbath Levitt, L., 2012 School PI. School, care of I. G. Goldsmith, Meisel, Sam, 1126 E. Bancroft 357 Burke Nathanson, Isaac, 1706 Locust Scheibel, Morris W., 1301 Wick Schoenfield, S. L., 2273 Glenwood Bldg Av. Schwartz, Ignace, 325 Lincoln Av. Silverman, I., 2222 Lawrence Av. Shagrin, Max, 256 Lincoln Steinberg. B., f) E. Woodruff Av. Shulman, B. C, 502 Mahonlng Bank Steinem, Jos., 2228 Scottwood Av. Bldg. Steinfeld, Dr. A. L., 239 Michigan Steiner, David, 1053 Marshall Ziegler, Mrs. Jos., 2429 Putnam Sussman, Isaac, 267 E. Federal Wilkoff, Ike, 359 Arlington Troy Yarmy, Sigmund J., 817 Ford Av. Ronsbeim, H. Zanesville •Wooster Blickstein, I., 752 Elm Freedlnnder, Mrs. I., 130 N Buckeye Block, Daniel, 322 N. 5th Brillant, Leo, 210 Mclntire Frank, Julius, 6th and Howard Youngstown Frank, Moses, 1118 Sunset Av. Brody, Dr. J. G., 703 Himrod Av. Furst & Co., I. E., 510 Market Eidelman, Chas., 133 N. Prospect Pollock, Sam, 801 Spring Fish, David, 845 High Starr, A. E. Fish, Max, 95 E. Dalison Weber, Louis Friedman, Jos., 408 Holmes Weber, Sam, 421 Convers Av. Friedman, S. B., 337 E. Federal Yumer, Mrs. H., 21 N. 7th Oklahoma OKLAHOMA Ardmore Cleveland Daube, Mrs. Sam'l Ratner, Dave Goldsmith, Jos. Oklahoma City Epstein, Mrs. A., 401 W. 10th

Oregon OREGON Portland Gevurtz, Philip, 180 1st Hirsch, Mrs. Solomon, 171 St. SPECIAL MEMBER Clair Selling, Ben Mosessohn, David, 714 Chamber of Commerce ANNUAL MEMBERS Ostrow, M., 44 N. 3d Bernstein, Mrs. Alexander, 776 Simon, Hon. Joseph Overton Tilzer, Dr. A., The Morguam Bldg. Cohen, David Solis, 833 Chamber of Wise, Jonah B., 12th and Main Commerce Council of Jewish Women, care of Mrs. G. Simon. 245 St. Clair Roseburg Gevurtz, Louis, 225 10th Josephson, Mrs. M.

94 JEWISH PUBLICATION SOCIETY 409

PENNSYLVANIA Peniisyl- Allegheny Lincoff, Frank, 214 Braddock Av. vania Davis, I. M., 663 Preble Av. Markowitz, B., 1017 Talbot Av. Harter, A., 107 B. Pearl Shermer, Mrs. H., 212 11th Saul, M., 1829 Beaver Av. Spatz, Simon, 1224 Washington Av. Stengle, H., 618 Margaretta Saul, Sam'l, 1700 Beaver Av. Weiss, Bernoth, 708 Talbot Av. Zimmer, I., 1823 Beaver Av. Weiss, William, 18 Braddock Av. Allentown Beresln, William, 448 N. 6th Bradford Goldhammer, J., 738 Hamilton Greenwald, D. C. Grossman, Benj. L., 618 N. 2d Menkes, Rev. Jacob, 9 Tibbets Av. Haltzel, Henry S. Hess Bros. Carlisle Kline, Charles, 1346 Hamilton Berg, Charles, 127 N. Louther Markowitz, Mrs. B., 620 N. 2d Movsovich, Morris, 138 Liberty Berg, Miss Selma, 55 S. College Rapopord, Max, 44 N. 7th Blumenthal, Mose, 32 N. Hanover Sapersteln, Israel, 618 Linden Schattenstein, J., 515 Allen Carnegie Siegel, Maurice, 606 Grant Lipman, Hyman, 218 Main Av. Silberstein, Louis, 644 Front York, Jacob T. Sofranscy, Abraham, 502 N. 3d Spare, Dr. M. H., 22 N. 2d Cbambersburg Weisman, I., 624 Grant Bloom, Eli F., 9 Queen Sochs, Herman Altoona Stine, Isaac Abels, Rabbi Moses J. Bendheim, Perd. Berman, M., 1309% 11th Av. Chester Leopold, B., 2201 Broad Av. Dunn, Dr. Louis S., 2508 W. 3d Levine, Samuel, 1703 16th Ginna, Chas., 26 W. 3d Lessy, Alexander E., 2628 W. 3d Ambler Levy, Moses, 15 W. 3d Belber, Henry S., 1300 Hunting Turk, Simon, 532 E. Broad Park Av. Ardmore Coatesvllle Loeb, Oscar, 19 St. Paul's Road Braunstein, Isaac, 587 Chestnut Chertok, Myer, 302 W. Main Cohen, Harry D. Ashbourne Edelstein, S. M., 624 Walnut Bowers, L. S. Ettelson, Joseph, 223 W. Main Ginns, James N., 121 W. Main Beaver Falls Goldberg, I., 589 Chestnut Salmon, Mayer Lipkin, Philip, 585 Chestnut Solomon, Mrs. Max, 1202 8th Av. Marcus, J. Berwick Columbia Schain, J. M. Goldman, Jacob, 217 Locust Morris, William, 241 Locust Shapeiro, M. J., 32 S. 3d Bloomsburg Wenger, Louis, 262 Locust Cohen, Louis Braddock Donora Bazel, Eev. Jacob M., 114 11th Bickert, Miss Etta Peinberg, Goodman, 2714 Wylie Av. Harris, Mrs. Nath. E., The Irondale Friedman, Alex Friedman, Wm., 117 8th East Downington Goldstein, A., 641 Braddock Av. Deltz, I. J., 117 Lancaster Av. 95 410 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

Pennsyl- Easton Hazleton vania Cohen, Israel, 157 Northampton Friedlnnder, Isadore, 715 W. Dia- Mayer, Horace, 427 Northampton mond Av. Friedlander, Max, 103 W. Diamond Edwardsville Av. Kornofsky, Max Horn, B. F., 42 B. Broad Janowitch, J. H., 128 S. Laurel Elizatethtown Schwarz, Ralph, 26 W. Broad Smulyan, S., 239 S. Wyoming Grollman, Claude, P. O. Box 102 Steiner, David, 72 N. Wyoming Wolpaw, Max, 234 N. Hemlock Erie SPECIAL MEMBERS Homestead Schlosser, B., 434 W. 10th Friedlander, B.. 324 10th Av. Sobel, Isador, 806 State Lasdusky, S., 337 8th Av. ANNUAL MEMBERS Schwartz, H. S., 215 4th Av. Baker, Isaac, 501 State Currlck, Rabbi Max C, 433 W. 7th Houtzdale Schaffner, M., 134 W. 20th Feldman, Mrs. A. Zacks, Jacob H., 320 E. 8th Jenkintown Exeter Borough Silverman, I. H. Wernick, Rev. D., 1093 Wyoming Zugsmith, A. S., 109 Summit Av. Av. Flnleyville Johnstown Gottdiener, Adolf, 103 Broad Baer, J. M. Holzman, Mrs. C, 118 Broad Freeland Nathan, M. Steiner, Joseph, 60 S. Center Lancaster Brash, Mrs. Edw. M. Greensburg Cohn, B. M., 713 N. Duke Kahanowltz, I. Cohn, J. W., 551 Rockland Dunie, S., 44." S. Duke Harristmrg Edelson, Miss Molly. 257 W. Walnut Abramson, A., 11U7 N. 7th Eisenberg. Rob't. 519 Chester Av. Aronson, Chas., 420 Woodbine Frank, Martin. 126 E. Clay Astrich, H., 1934 N. 3d Gansman, A., 508 N. Duke Claster, Henry C, 2001 N. 3d Golden, Isaac, 722 E. King Cohen, Levin, 718 N. 7th Hirsh, Monroe B. Pink. L.. 9 S. Market Sq. Kotzen. Abraham, 574 Rockland Frank, Saul E., 1925 N. 7th Kramer, Louis A., 44 W. Lemon Goldsmith, Joseph, 209 Locust Leapman, S., 475 S. Duke Goldstein, Dr. Louis C, 417 North Lestz, Sam'l 150 N. Queen Gross, Nathan, 2015 N. 6th Levy, Morris, 669 N. Chestnut Handler, B., 1212 N. 3d Lichtenstein. B., 352 College Av. Hirschler, A., Market & Market Sq. Liveright, Howard, 127 College Av. Hoffman, Win., 253 Briggs Lurio, M., 709 N. Duke Katzman. Mrs. S., 12(17 N. 7th Michelman, J. H., 58 S. Franklin Kimmelman, Nathan, Stranberry Pirosh. Wm., 20 N. Queen and Aberdeen Rosouthal, Rev. Isidore, 313 N. Klein, Jos., 614 State Duke Levinson, Samuel, 1028 Market Ryder, Henry J., 620 N. Duke Marcus, Isaac, 13 03 N. 3d Shaarai Shomayim Congregation Michlovitz, S., 606 Foster Library, care of Rev. I. Rosenthal Nathan, Mrs. Fanny, 24 Aberdeen Shear, Dr. L. M., 419 Rockland Rosenberg, Robert, 1623 Market Sher, Ida, 602 St. Joseph Wagenhelm, Henry N., 1121 S. 9th Sherman, Dr. J., 117 S. Duke Winfleld, M. B., 608 State Siesel, Sam'l, 649 W. Chestnut 96 JEWISH PUBLICATION SOCIETY 411

Winer, P., 525 S. Christian Raden, Louis, 715 5th Av. Pennsyl- Y. M. H. Assoc, 50 W. King Rosenbleet, C. II., 701 6th vania Yaffe, Frank J., 307 Greene Ruben, Jos. H., 306 Ruben Bldg. Sunstein. Dr. Noah. 609 Shaw Av. Latrobe Unger, Jos., 428 9th Victor, I., The Savoy Lowenstein, Fred, 218 Depot Weiss, Morris Z., 623 5th Av. Lebanon Brenner, L., 332 Chestnut McKees Rocks Caplan, J. Greenberger, Isaac, 211 Chartiers Silberman, Max Av. Siv, Levi, 25 S. 7th Ruslander, M., 635 Woodward Av. Simkovitt, Mrs. J. P., 325 Russell- Leechburg wood Av. Ginzler, Herman Mahonoy City Lenighton Spoont, B. Gruneberg, Leo C. Young Men's Hebrew Assn. Helligman, Simon Manayunk Ostroff, M. Marshall, Henry, 4343 Main Rauscher, Bmanuel, P. O. Box 40 Poland Bros., 4347 Main Weiss, Wm, P. O. Box 40 Rubenstein, Max, 4176 Main Lewiston Meadow Brook Cohen, H. J. LIBRARY MEMBER Lock Haven Lit, Samuel D. Claster, Harris Middletown Claster, Morris L., 46 Bald Eagle Silberman Bros. Luzerne Silberman, Jos. Freedman, Max Monongahela City McDonald Goldstein, Harry Broida, M. R. Levison, M. H. Mount Airy Stine, George Weyl, Maurice N., 731 Lincoln Drive McKeesport Mount Joy Abel, Mark, 584 5th Av. Beneman. I. D., E. Main St. Amper, A. M., 1010 Walnut Yoffe, Wolf Book, Max, 109 8th Nanticoke Broder, Fiszel, 423 9th Av. Brown, Eugene, 625 5th Av. Cimmet, Harry, 7 E. Main Degner, Julius, 125 7th Goodman, Max, 191 Market Ehrlich, Jos., 105 8th Av. Revzin, B., Market and Main Finkel, Abe., 725 5th Av. Firestone, Henry, 624 5th Av. New Castle Firestone, Mrs. Sam'l 621 5th Av. Cosel, Mrs. Jessie, 35 N. Mercer Fisher, Harry, 922 Jenny Land Cukerbraum, M. L., 115 E. Wash- Friedman, Henry, 422 Locust ington Goldberg, E., 412 School Alley. Feuchtwanger, Mrs. M., 123 N. Haber, Louis J. Mercer Halpert, H., 413 Tube Works Jules, David, 615 W. Washington Kaplan, A., 202 5th Av. Lipsins, E. S., cor. N. Mill and Falls Kline, Wm. I., 510 5th Av. Krow, Eugene, Post Office New Kensington Melet, B., 1221 5th Av. Claster, Isaac Moskowitz Bros., 524 5th Av. Kopelman, H., 4th Av. and 11th

97 412 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

Pennsyl- Norristown Miller, Simon, N. E. cor. 16th and vama Poplar Bloch, S. B. Segal, Adolph, Hotel Majestic Hurwitz, Samuel, 32 W. Main Sulzberger, Hon. Mayer, 1303 Gi- Sabelosky, Cbas. A.. 60S W. Airy rard Av. Yellin, Harry, 222 W. Main Wolf, Albert, 330 N. 12th Wolf, Benjamin, 1313 N. Broad Northampton Wolf, Clarence, 1420 Girard Av. Nieman, E., 1395 Newport Av. Wolf, Edwin, 1607 N. Broad Wolf, Louis, Elkins Park Northumberland Hirsch, M., Queen bet. 4th and 5tb Teitelbaum, Mrs. J. LIBRARY MEMBERS Blum, Ralph, 1011 Market Norwood Fernberger, Henry, 543 Real Estate Goldbaum, Jacob S. Trust Bldg. Fleisher, Meyer, 2223 Green Fleisher, S. B., 2220 Green Oaklane Gimbel, Jacob, 9th and Market Cohn, Harris J., N. W. cor. 68th Av. Keneseth Israel Congregation, and 13th Broad above Columbia Av. Ogontz Kohn, Harry E., 1512 Chestnut Lit, Jacob D., 8th and Market Blum, Gabriel Mercantile Club. 1422 N. Broad Bowers, A. J. S., Box 264 Rothschild, E. L., Rothschild Bldg. Hirsh, Mason Wolf, August, 1628 Green Sondhelm, J. Wolf, Edward, 1323 N. Broad Oil City Young Men's Hebrew Association, Hershfield, Mrs. B., 19 Center 1616 Master Olyphant SPECIAL MEMBEHS Raker, K. Aaron, Max N., 217 Apsley, Gtn. Abrahams, Simon, 3119 Diamond Parkesburg Abrahams, William, 3212 Montgom- Katz, M. C, 404 1st Av. ery Av. Allman, Herbert D., 3819 Walnut Philadelphia Bamberger, A. J., 1828 Girard Av. Bamberger, L. J., 1421 Chestnut LIFE MEMBERS Bronner, Maurice H., 4250 Parkside Bloch, S. L., Broad and Wallace Coons, Mrs. Eva, 1510 Girard Av. Gusky, MrB. Esther, Majestic Hotel Feldenheimer, Joseph, Jefferson and Louchheim, Joseph, Estate of, 1421 Randolph N. Broad Feustmann, Moses, 715 Arch Silberman, Mrs. Simon, 1727 Spring Fleisher, Benjamin W., 2301 Green Garden Fleisher, Louis, 2045 Green Snellenburg, Nathan, 12th and Fleisher, Samuel S., 2220 Green Market Furth, Emanuel, 1218 Chestnut Snellenburg, Samuel, 12th and Gerstley, William, 1409 N. Broad Market Gimbel, Mrs. Benedict, Hotel Ma- Teller, Mrs. Benjamin F., 1727 jestic Spring Garden Gimbel, Charles, 1300 N. Broad Greenberg, Solomon, 1337 N. Broad PATRONS Guckenheimer, Joseph, 117 S. 2d Fels, Maurice, 4305 Spruce Hackenburg, William B., 1211 Arch Fels, Sam'l S., S. E. cor. 39th and Hackenburg, Mrs. William B., 953 Walnut N. 8th Flelsher, Edwin A., N. W. cor. 8th Hagedorn, Joseph H., S. W. cor. and Chestnut 3d and Brown Gerstley, Louis, 1411 N. Broad Hecht, Israel, 1218 Chestnut Grabfelder, S., 405 Mariners and Hirschberg, Harry, 308 N. 3d Merchants Bldg. Hyneman, J. B.( 420 Walnut 98 JEWISH PUBLICATION SOCIETY 413

Hyneman, S. M., 1634 Land Title Abraham, Henry, 5828 Spruce Pennsyl- Bldg. Abrahamson. Dr. Philip, 1341 S. 6th vania Kaufman, Morris, 2110 Spring Gar- Abramoff, Max, 961 N. 5th den Abrams, Louis, 342 Queen Kirschbaum, Simon, 1820 Spring Abramson, Louis, 3210 Fountain Garden Acron, Dr. John, 421 S. 8th Kohn, Louis, S. W. cor. 8th and Adath, Jeshurun Library, care of Vine E. Asher, 1814 Erie Av. Kohn, Samuel, 722 Market Adler, Dr. Cyrus, 2041 N. Broad Kohn, Simon I., 722 Market Aisenstein & Gordon, 331 South Lang, Morris, Hotel Lorraine Alexander, B., 1326 Chestnut Langsdorf, Isidor. 1432 Oirard Av. Alexander, Charles. 800 N. 23d Langstadter, I. B.. 426 Mint Arcade Alkus, Morris, 2018 N. 22d Levy, Max. 220 Roberts Av., Gtn. Allman, Justin P., 1508 Oxford Liverlght, Mrs. Simon, 910 N. Broad Allman, Sydney K., 1522 Chestnut Loeb, Horace, 527 Chestnut Altman, Chas., 929 South Loeb, Leo, 708 Drexel Bldg. Altmnn, Mrs. Rose A.. 102 S. 2d Louchheim, Joseph A., 1809 Spring Altman, Tobias, 1417 Diamond Garden Altschuler, Max, 1900 S. 5th Lubin, S., 21 S. 8th Ami-urn, David W., 624 W. Clivedon Marcus, Siegfried, 866 N. 10th Av. Marks, Louis, 657 Union Antonoff, J., 3151 Euclid Av. Merz, Mrs. Danl., 1730 Memorial Appel, Alexander M., 720 N. 20th Av. Apt, Max, 721 Arch Merz, Leon. 4060 Parkside Av. Apt, Morris, 721 Arch Miller, William W., Wm, Penn Arnold, Arthur S., S. E. cor. 5th Theatre and Walnut Morris. Wm., 8 N. 13th Arnold, Miss Corinne B., 1419 Mas- Muhr, Mrs. Fannie, 2315 N. Broad ter Neuman, Morris D., 2034 Park Av. Arnold, Philip, 2113 Spring Garden Rosenbach, Philip H., 1505 N. 15th Aronson, Henry, 1000 Penn Sq. Rosenhfelm, Mrs. Adolph I., 919 N. Bldg. 15th Asher, E., 1814 Erie Av. Rosenthal, Mrs. Harry, 2804 N. Asher, Sidney S., S. B. cor. 22d and Broad Walnut Sellg, Emil, Broad and Carpenter Auerbach. Harry J., 222 S. 57th Selig, Solomon, 1417 Erie Av. Austin, Frank J.. 515 Spruce Singer, Jacob, 1218 Chestnut Avrach. I. H., 2009 N. 8th Snellenburg, Joseph N., 2305 N. Azoff, G, 901 N. 2d Broad Bacharach, Mrs. Augustus, 2114 Stern, Edward, 140 N. 6th Tioga Straus, K 1720 Memorial Av. Bachman, Frank H., 1512 Chestnut Strouse, Nathan- B., 1936 Diamond Bamberger, Arthur J., 12th and Sulzberger, J. E., 1303 Glrard Av. Cherry Susskind, S. J., 1805 N. 33d Bamberger, Mrs. Fanny, 1913 Gtr- Sycle, Meyer, 41st & Parkside Av. ard Av. Teller, O. B., 1201 Chestnut Barenbaum, Dr. L., 1515 S. 6th Walter, Henry J., 1218 Chestnut Bauer, Gustav, 1817 Venango Waltman, Abe, 51 N. 9th Bauer, Jacob, 330 N. 12th Wasserman, B. J., Hotel Majestic Baum, Isidore, 1723 Diamond Wasserman, Isaac, 1845 N. 17th Baum, L. S., 3216 Diamond Well, David G., 4739 Cedar Av. Baum, Nathan, 2125 Gratz Av. Weyl, Julius, 140 N. 6th Baum, Samuel, 13 2 N. Broad Wolf, David, 4220 Parkside Av. Baylson, Mary, 1526 S. 22d Wolf, Herman, 2115 Green Bayuk, Max, N. E. cor. 3d and Spruce Bedner, Louis, 518 Spruce ANNUAL MEMBERS Beerger. Bernard, 710 S. 5th Aarons, Alfred L., Penn Sq. Bid?. Behal, Harry S., 1339 Chestnut Abel, Harry, 893 N. 6th Behrend, Jacob, 419 Locust Av. Abraham, Ben., 5826 Spruce P.ehrend, Dr. Moses. 1427 N. Broad Abraham, Charles, 1314 N. Perth Belber, Aaron S., 1641 N. Hancock 99 414 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

Pennsyl- Belber, Dr. M. Y., 516 Pine Bornfriend, Aug., 1738 N. Franklin vania Bell, Louis, S. B. cor. 5th and Bordowsky, Geo.. 430 South Jackson Bornstein, B., 1512 Franklin Bellak, Dr. Asher S., 1240 S. 6th Bortin, David, 1218 Chestnut Belmont, Leo, 1905 N. 32d Braderman, Dr. S., N. W. cor. 5th Benamy, Max J., 314 Reed and Carpenter Bender, N., 5010 Germantown Av. Bradhurd, Louis, 608 Poplar Bellitz, Sam'l, 273 S. 5th Brahim, Sam'l J., 2000 S. 12th Bendlner, Herman, 1701 W. Erie Braslousky, Hairy, 605 S. 4th Av. Brav, Dr. Aaron, 917 Spruce Bennett, Abraham, 3764 Bouvin Brav, Dr. Herman A.. 1933 N. Broad Benoliel, S. D., 4508 Locust Brawerman, Wm, 537 Pine Berg, Abram, 887 N. 23d Bredt, Dr. Martin, 1626 S. 4th Berg, Miss Gertrude, 3331 N. 16th Brenner, Harry A., 515 Pine Berg, Joel M., 3115 N. 16th Brenner, Morris W., 2012 S. 10th Berg, Max, 1017 Market Breskin, Asher, 8th and Dickinson Berger, Maurice, 925 N. 6th Brian, Alexander J., Land Title Bergman, A., 5129 Germantown Av. Bldg. Berkman, A., 2610 N. 33d Brill Bros., 1004 Pine Berkowltz, Abraham, 1908 S. 6th Brister, Dr. Sam'l, 1946 N. 32d Berkowltz, Rev. Dr. Henry, 1823 Bronner, Mrs. H.. 1011 Diamond N. 33d Brooks, Harry, 927 S. 46th Berlinberg, David, S. E. cor. 8th Brosofsky, David, 505 Lombard and Poplar Broude, Herman J., 812 S. 2d Berliner, I., 1032 S. Randolph Brown, Sam'l J.. 3208 Turner Berlizheimer, D. T., 2020 N. Park Bruck, Dr. S., 605 N. 6th Av. Brunhild, L., 253 N. 3d Berman, Aaron, 6019 Market Bryiawskl, M., 3236 Berks Berman, Aron, 815 N. 8th Brylawsky, Mrs. Ed., 626 W. Clive- Berman, Dr. Jacob I., 1635 S. 5th don Av. Berman, Julius, N. E. cor. 61st and Buchsbaum, S., & Son. 1211 S. 4th Vine Bucks, Alfred A., 2263 N. Park Av. Berman, Louis, 6019 Market Burak, Morris. 1907 N. 33d Bernheim, Dr. Albert, 1225 Spruce Burd, A. M.. 1719 N. Franklin Bernhelmer, Leo G., 4535 Pulaski Burger, Rabbi, 1508 N. 8th Av. Burnstein, Jacob I., 1936 N. 7th Bernstein, S., 4344 Germantown Av. Burstein, H., 4187 Leidy Av. Bernstein, Sam'l, 2315 S. 10th Busch, Joseph, 426 S. 60th Bettelheim, Fred, 1731 Marlton Av. Buschel, Jos., 751 S. 2d Biberman, Jacob M., 1906 N. 23d Byer, Joseph, 1106 N. 40th Biberman, Joseph, 1410 N. 13th Bythiner, Louis, 1715 Master Biberman, Lewis, 1932 N. 23d Cahan, L. H., 218 S. 4th Bichowsky, Barnett, 511 84th Cantor, David S., 2010 N. 21st Biernbaum, M., 926 Stephen Girard Cantor, Harry L., 2943 Frankfort Bldg. Av. BInswanger, Barnet, 1619 N. 16th Cantor, M. H., 5140 Parkslde Av. Biolislozky. J.. 3032 Euclid Av. Caplan, Jacob L.. 208 N. 50th Blanckensee, Leon, 1804 N. 26th Carlln, Sam'l, 916 Filbert Blank, Ed., 722 N. Nnrris Cherry, Rob't, 1605 N. 6th Blank, David, 1521 S. 6th Chessin, Sam'l, 628 Reed Blieden, Gustave L.t 605 Stephen Cohen, Dr. A. J., 723 Pine Girard Bldg. Cohen, Albert, 5725 Cedar Blieden, Dr. Maurice S., 1318 S. 5th Cohen, C. J., 508 Ludlow Blitzstein, Mrs. A., 4th and Lom- Cohen, Mrs. C. J., 334 S. 21st bard Cohen, Edward I., 2542 N. Marston Bloch, Mrs. M., 1633 N. 33d Cohen, H., 36 S. 58th Bloom, Sam'l S., 1915 N. 33d Cohen, H., 417 S. 60th Blum, I.. Bank of Commerce Cohen, Harry, 1744 N. Marshall Blumenthal, H., 1921 Park Av. Cohen, Dr. J. S., 1734 S. 7th Blumenthal, W., 614 Market Cohen, Joseph I., 1715 Diamond Bochroch. Dr. M. H., 1539 Pine Cohen, Mrs. Judith S., 1537 N. 8th Bodek, W., 527 Market

100 JEWISH PUBLICATION SOCIETY 415

Cohen, Miss Kathcrine, 1814 N. Eiseman, Frank F., 817 2d Pennsyl- Broad Eliel, Mrs. L. S., 1421 N. Broad vania Cohen, Louis, 518 Pine Ellis Bros., 329 Pine Cohen, Max, 16 S. 3d Ellman, B., 47 N. 6th Cohen, Dr. Max, 784 S. 3d Elmaleh, Rev. Leon H., 2226 N. Cohen, Milton M., 1108 Real Estate Broad Trust Bldg. Emanuel, Jacob, N. W. cor. 2d and Cohen, Dr. Myer Solis, 4102 Girard Vine Av. Englander, Sam'l, Crozer Bldg. Cohen, Ralph, 332 Reed Entine, Louis, S. W. cor. 19th and Cohen, Dr. S. Soils, 1525 Walnut Parrish Cohen, Sam, 1725 Columbia Av. Epstein, .Tacob, 249 S. 8th Cohlberg, .1., 1330 Lyconic Eshner, Dr. A. A., 1019 Spruce Conn, Albert S., 2548 N. 17th Espen, Frank B., 4200 Parkside Av. Cohn, Bernard R., 1838 N. 32d Espen, Miss Hannah, 1908 Spring Cohn, Mrs. E., 3013 Diamond Garden Cohn, Gustav, 5518 N. Lawrence Estis, Woolf, 709 Sansom Cohn, Sam'l M., 3041 Berks Fagsen, Nathan, 2004 Girard Av. Collin, Martin, 925 Chestnut Farbish, Sydney A., 3216 Monument Cooper, I. H.. 1332 N. 6th Av. Cooper, .T., 1105 Poplar Fayer, Jos. A., 1206 South Cooper, Sam'l, 3819 Cambridge Feigenbaum, B., 2442 N. 19th Cooperman, Dr. M. B., 833 S. 3d Feinberg, H., 621 Market Cornfeld, Abraham. 213 N. 22d Feinberg, Louis, 413 Christian Cowan, Mori-is .T., 2832 Girard Av. Feinsteln, Dr. A., 638 N. 6th Coyne, Marshall A., 2R00 N. Broad Feinstein, Louis, 1000 S. 4th Cramer, Sam'l, 701 Chestnut Feinsteln, Meyer A., N. E. cor 10th Cravls, Myer. 1817 N. 32d and Poplar Crown, Abe, 1244 South Feldman, Dr. David, 1334 S. 4th Dalsimer, Leon, Lorraine Hotel Feldman, M., cor. 5th and Pine Daniel, Miss Dorothy, 3336 N. 15th Feldman, Manuel. 946 N. Franklin Daniel. G., 2022 Wallace Feldman, N., 3121 Euclid Av. Dannenhaum, Morris, 808 Arch Feldman, S. H., 1032 Poplar Darevsky, Myer, 428 Tasker Feldman, Samuel, 151S N. 8th Dashevsky, Ellis, 5026 Germantown Felix, Harry. 230 Mint Arcade Av. Fellheimer. Abe, 2324 N. 17th Davidson, Max, 2420 N. 33d Fellman, Dr. M. W., 2356 N. Front Degensteln, David. 1210 Race Fels, Joseph. 4305 Spruce Deutsch, Samuel, 2314 N. Park Av. Fernberger, Herman, 1825 N. 17th De Young, Bertram I., 5990 Wood- Ferst, Abe, 310 Dickinson bine AY. Ftnberg, B.. 635 Walnut Diamond. Dr. H. N., 2123 S. 5th Fineman, Dr. Harry, 1338 N. Frank- Dichter, Morris, 1001 Moyamensing lin Av. Fineman, Hayim. 421 S. 8th Dilsheimer, P., 3021 Diamond Fineman, Samuel S., 4036 Parkside Dintenfass, Benjamin, 421 Lafayette Av. Bldg. Finkel, Wm., 46th and Sansom Donsky. I., 339 N. Front Fisch. Flyman. 718 Pine Dreer, Benj., 4215 Main Fischler.' Herman, 1316 N. 12th Dreifus, Emannel, 619 Arcade Bldg. Fisher, Dr. Lewis. 1322 S. 5th Dreifus. M.. 1529 Diamond Flshman, Sam., 769 S. 4th Dubin, Dr. S. M., 1112 N. 40th Fleischman, Rev. S. M., 342 Church Dulynsky, Oscar. 1804 N. 7th Lane Eckstein, Wm., 1809 N. 11th Fletsher, Mrs. A., 40th & Girard Av. Edelman, Rev. S., 1621 N. Franklin Fleisher, Alfred W.. 1625 Oxford Edelsman, Philip. 319 S. 13th Fleisher, Arthur A.. 2301 Green Edelstein, L., 3216 N. Dauphin Fleisher, Maurice T.. 2223 Green Ehrlich, Jos. Fleisher, Penrose, 1512 Chestnut Eichholz, Adolph. 360 Bullitt Bldg. Fleisher, Walter A., 3422 Eilberg, Harry. 807 McClellan Fleisher, Willis, 1829 N. 17th Einfeld. William J., N. W. cor. 8th Flomenhoft, Herman C, 1912 S. and South 17th 27 101 416 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK nns'-i- Folz, Leon H., 009 Walnut Ginsburg, Dr. S. A., 1011 S. 4th vania Fonarton, Dr. Theo. D., N. W. cor. GInzburg, A., 246 S. 3d 7th and Mlfflin Glttleson, Dr. Sam. J., 1017 Spruce Forman, Alex S., 2804 Kensington Glass, Dr. A. S., N. E. cor. 6th and Av. Dickinson Forman, Mrs. E., 417 S. 5th Goepp, Miss Judith, 57th and Elm- Fox, Chas. Edwin. Drexel Bldg. wood Av. Fox. Louis, 2104 Marvine Goldberg, David, 850 N. Franklin Frank, Jacob S., 2023 Spring Gar- Goldberg, Jacob, 2136 Ellsworth den Goldberg, Dr. Jos M., 720 N. Frank- Frank, Martin, 718 Arch Goldberg, Dr. Maurice, 1408 S. 6th Frank, Robert, 104 N. 50th Frank, William It.. 508 N. Franklin Goldberg, Dr. S., 1221 N. 7th Frankel, Arnim, S. \V. cor. Front Goldberg. S., 5520 Locust and Dauphin Golden, Max. 4304 Westminster Av. Frankel, Dr. ,1. J., 1314 S. 5th Golden, Morris H., 1611 S. Moya- Frankel, Terry, 1025 N. 33d mensing Av. Frechie, M. S., 2109 Ontario Goldensky, Ellas, 1705 Chestnut Free Library, N. E. cor. 13th and Goldfarb, J., 822 S. 5th Locust Goldfeder, Dr. Chas. B., 868 N. 8th Freedman, Aaron, :',228 Oxford Goldhaber. J., 5th and Wharton Freedman, Jos., 627 N. 56th Freedman, Leon, 1413 S. 16th Goldhaft, Dr. Arthur D.. 527 Pine Freides, Dr. R., 1333 S. 6th Golding, Chas., 729 Wolf Freund, Hugo, 12] 5 Market Goldman, L., 2004 N. 18th Frey, Nathan Louis, 4920 Parkside Goldman, Moses, H., 234 N. 3d Av. Goldman, Simon, 1429 N. 7th Friedman, A., 5810 Chestnut Goldner, Blias, 416 N. 2d Friedman Adolph. 539 South Goldring, Chas., 729 Wolf Friedman, B. C, 624 S. 7th Goldshlder, Nathan, 505 S. 3d Friedman, Isldor J.. 419 Locust Goldsmith, Edwin M., 143 E. Friedman, Lionel, 2316 Tioga Coulter, Gtn. Friedman, S. H., 1408 N. 4th Goldsmith, Joseph, 1835 Diamond Friedman, Sam'] G.. 330 Walnut Goldsmith, Miss Katherlne, 1311 Friedrich, Harry, 704 Parrlsh Columbia Av. Frommer, Abraham. 3108 W. Berks Goldstein, E. C, 1512 Girard Av. Futernik, Benj., 2214 N. 15th Goldstein, J., 1013 N. 40th Ganopolsky, Rev. Moses, 1804 N. 7th Goldstein, S.. 1707 N. 11th Gans, Aaron, 2020 Green Goodfriend, Louis, 1823 Mt. Vernon Garlic, Simon, 1911 N. 18th Goodfrlend, M. H., 3213 Susque- Gorlin, Harry L., 3135 Euclid Av. hanna Av. Gartman, Dr. Leo N., 523 Pine Goodfrlend, S.. 2823 Diamond Gealt, Maurice H. C, 1805 S. 5th Goodman, J. II., 908 N. Broad Geffen, Jos., 1429 S. 5th Goodsteln, Jos. J., 415 Fairmount Gerber, Frederic, 15th & Thompson Av. Gerber, Miss Minnie. 518 W. Coulter Gorchov, Morris. 1P40 N. 21st Gerson, Felix N., 2131 Green Gordon, Dr. Alfred, 1430 Pine Gerson, M. S., 315 S. 5th Gordon, Dr. Benjamin L., 1316 S. Gerstley, Mrs. Henry. 1622 N. 15th 5th Getzow, Jacob H., 322 S. 2d Gordon, Dr. F. A., 513 N. 2d Getzow, Dr. Jos. A., 251 Pine Gotfrey, M., 841 Cross Gilbert, B. I., 868 N. 6th Gottlieb, Isaac, 519 N. 4t.b Gilberg, Dora, 868 N. 8th Gottlieb, Morris, 2310 E. Allegheny Gilbert, Albert. 2934 Richmond Av. Glmbel, Mrs. Ellis A., 906 N. Broad Gottlieb, Nathan J., 519 Market Ginns, Dr. R. S., 7222 Germantown Gownrd, Geo., 1616 N. Marshall Av. Grabosky, Samuel, 118 N. 3d GInsburg, Jos., 1347 Germantown Graboves, Morris 938 N. 2d Av. Gradess, Dr. Michael, 2932 N. 6th Ginsburg, Jos., 1029 Race Graltcer. Sam'l, 2025 S. 4th GInsburg, Louis S., 1208 Common- Grata Alumni Assoc. care of Sec'y wealth Bldg. of (Iratz College, Broad and York Gratz, College, Broad and York 102 JEWISH PUBLICATION SOCIETY 417

Green, Herman B., 1626 N. Mar- Harris, L., 825 N. 7th Pennsyl- shall Harrison, Archie, 2007 Moyamen- vania Green, Dr. Max, 1600 S. 4th sing Av. Green, Sam'l, 2139 S. 8th Hassler, Isaac, 2261 N. 21st Green. Samuel, 1527 N. 6th Hebrew Sunday School Society, care Greenbaum, Maurice M., 1114 of F. M. Newhouse, Supt., 10th Passayunk AT. and Carpenter Greenbaum, Mrs. Max, 1850 N. 19th Hebrew Sunday School Society, Greenberg, A. Puhrman, 1803 N. care of Miss A. J., Allen, 1412 18th N. 13th Greenberg, I-Iyman, N. E. cor. 40th and Poplar Hecht, Herman L., 1004 Betz Bldg. Greenberg, Jacob, 733 S. 5th Heidelberger, Chas., 961 N. Frank- Greenblatt, Harry, 540 Reed lin Greenblatt, M., N. W. cor. 3d and Heidelberger and Co., 219 S. 2d Monroe Heider, Wm., 1604 S. 6th Greenebaum, Albert, 1735 Mont- Hellbron, Mrs. S., 4252 Parkside gomery Av. Av. Greenebaum, Simon, 2327 Park Av. Heilbroner, Abe., Jefferson and Ran- Greenfield. Albert M., 1510 Real dolph Estate Trust Bldg. Heine, Sam'l, 1936 N. 7th Greenfield, Harry, 412 S. 60th Helfand. David, 318 S. 2d Greenfield, S., 311 r> Euclid Av. Heller, Max, 146 Vine Greenhouse, M. E., 1507 N. 16th Henly, Elkan, 16th and Reed Greenspan, Dr. Leon .T., 1520 N. Henly, Jacob, 831 Arch Franklin Herbach, Jos., 2611 N. Hollywood Greensteln, M., 538 Tasker Herold, H., 1723 Columbia Av. Greenstone, Dr. Julius II., 915 N. Herson, Morris, 353 Dickinson 8th I-Tei-zbercr, G.. 1715 Chestnut Greenwald, Jos. L.. 404 S. 42d Herzberg, Max, Commonwealth Gribbel, John, 1513 Race Bldg. Grosner. Abe, 529 Moore Hess, Mrs. L. B., 1903 N. 33d Gross, Rev. A., 1024 N. Franklin Heyman, Ruth, 4150 N. Broad Gross, Abraham, 1824 N. Franklin Heyne, Hpnry. 1547 S. 7th Gross, Harry, 408 S. 5th Hiiborn, D. S., 2146 N. 12th Gross, Jos., Bulletin Bldg. Hillerson, David, 94S Franklin Grossman, Aaron, 3207 Diamond Hillerson, Dr. M. S., 422 Green Grossman, Chas., 1208 Common- Hlrsh, Mrs. A., Hotel Majestic wealth BldK. Hlrsh, Gabriel, 2311 Green Grossman. Rabbi Jacob B., 1712 N. Hirsh, H. B., 2215 Green Marshall Hirsh, Ralph B., 608 Chestnut Grossman, Rabbi Jos., 503 Tasker Hoffman, Harry M., 914 N. 6th Grossman, Solomon, 719 N 5th Hoffman, Morris, 919 Moore Grushlaw, Sam'l. 1010 Race Horn, P., 7917 Eastwick Av. Gubler, Fred, 5928 N. Park Av. Horwitz, B., 2608 Richmond Gusdorff. Albert, 2320 N. Broad I-Iorwitz, H., 4408 Lancaster Av. Gutes. Charles, 6702 Musgrave Horwitz, Meyer, 1529 N. 6th Gutzait, David, 603 N. 6th Houseman, Harry A., Byberry Rd. Gutzeit, Chas. S., 323 Manton and Proctor Gwlrtz, Louis, 954 N. 2d Hurowitz, Jacob, 1940 York Haber, Jos. B., 1830 Natrona Huslk, Isaac, 408 S. 9th Haber, Morris, 1627 N. 33d Hyman, Dr. Davis D., 2047 Tioga Hadler, Sam'l, 1811 N. 33d Illoway, Bernard A., Bulletin Bldg. Hagedorn, Mrs. J. J., 3d and Ingber, David A., 515 Tasker Brown Ingber, David M., 80th and Gibson Hahn, Frank E., 1309 N. Broad Av. Hahn, Henry, 2103 W. Ontario Isko, Henry, 5326 Walnut Halmowich, J., 803 Wharton Iskoe, Sam'l, 3042 Berks Hammerschlag, P., 1710 N. Mar- Isman, Felix, South Penn Sq. shall Israelowitz, Ellis, 7th and Wharton Hano, Horace, 1207 Chestnut Jackson, I. Irwin, 806 Real Estate Harris. Bernard, 1201 Chestnut Trust Bldg. 103 41S AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

Feiuisyl- Jacobs. Miss Ella. 1503 Girard Av. Kirschbaum, David, Broad and vama Jacobs, H., 700 N. 4th Carpenter Jacobs, Dr. L., 531 South KIrson, Sam, 1050 S. 4th Jacobs, Reuben, 1813 N. 33d Ktty, Zigmund, 1010 Race Jacobs, Samuel, 1540 N. Gratz Klebansky, Wolf, 246 S. 3d Jacobson, H. M., 33d and Dauphin Klein, Abraham, 2647 W. Lehigh Jaffe, Isaac,, 2449 N. 32d Jamison, Abraham, 1322 N. Frank- Klein", Alfred M., 927 Market lin Klein, B., 3626 York Rd., Tioga Jamison, Jacob, 1730 N. Franklin Klein, Joseph, 219 Vine Jastrow, The Misses, 2106 Spring Klein, Rabbi Max D., 1712 Marshall Garden Kline, Ignatz, 1941 N. 33d Jastrow, Dr. Morris, Jr., 248 S. Kline, Jacob A., 935 N. Randolph 23d Koch, Dr. I. M., 2302 Green Jessar, B. Z., 1748 Orthodox Kohn, Abr. M., 1847 N. 17th Kohn, Arnold, The Brantwood Jonas, Henry, 1847 N. Park Av. Kohn, Dr. Bernard, 1325 N. 13th Jonas, Loo C. 3115 .Montgomery Av. Kohn, Isidore, 1607 N. Broad Jurist, Dr. Louis, 016 N. Broad Kohn, Dr. M., 908 S. 5th Knbacoff, Morris, 242 N. 2d Kohn, Mrs. Martha. 1320 Franklin Kahaner, A., 43S Winton Kohn, Simon, 258 N. 9th Kahn, M., 6533 (iprmantown Av. Koppelman, I., 828 N. 2d Kahn, Sol., 2230 N. 13th Kopperman. Wm.. 025 N. Franklin Kalish, Morris E., 727 N. r,th Kramer, Ell L., 3011 W. Page Kamen, Jacob W., 834 N. 7th Krasner, M., 3133 Columbia Av. Kanien, Nathan, 4"7 N. 6th Kraus, Sol. C, 512 S. 5th Kamens, Isaac, 1334 Franklin Kraus. Sydney, 3250 N. Broad Kamholz, Henry, 3318 N. Broad Krauskopf, Rev. Dr. Joseph, 4715 Kandell, Geo., 1213 N. Franklin Pulaski, Gtn. Kanersky, Dr. Louis, 1732 S. 7th Krauskopf, L., 1545 N. Franklin Kannerstein, Gregory. 1511 S. (ith Kravitzov, Sam, 1008 S. Randolph Kaplan, Chas. M., 2313 Tloga Krengel. Chas., N. E. cor. 5th and Kaplan, Nathan, 621 Tasker South Kaplan, Nathan, 1546 N. Franklin Kricheff, David, 1110 Germantown Kaplan, W., 432 Pine Av. Karmatz, I., 250 South Krieger, S., 1R10 N. 18th Karmel, Harry N., 2335 S. 8th Kruglin, L., 951 N. 8th Karstaedt, Louis. 5806 Chestnut Krulak, S.. 1646 N. Marshall Katz, Arnold, 716 Walnut Kun, Jos. L., Betz Bldg. Katz, B., 605 Mifflln Kurtz, Robt, 1840 N. 32d Katz, Harry P., 206 Betz Bldg. Labe, Mrs. Jacob, 2227 Green Katz, Marcus, N. E. cor. 18th and Lam, Charles, 3412 N. 21st Diamond Lande, Marcus, 960 N. Randolph Katz. Morris, 604 N. 6th Lande, Samuel, 850 N. 5th Katz, Mrs. Rose. 4030 Poplar Landesberg, Jacob. 880 N. 8th Katz, Simon, 431 Walnut Landow, Morris. 1607 N. 10th Katz. Wm., 724 N. 7th Lang, G. H., 211% Arcade Bldg. Kauffman, Louis, 1520 N. 8th Lang, Isaac M., 1324 Jefferson Kaufman. Eugene M., 617 W. Hort- Langfeld, A. M., 2016 Green ter Langfeld, Morris F., 1849 N. 17th Kaufman, Wm., 530 W. Girard Lasch, Samuel, 934 Ridge Av. Kayser, Samuel, 1522 Chestnut Lavine, Lawrence S., 722 Moa'e Keen, David Lavinsky, M., 1128 Pino Keisler, Jacob, 412 S. 5th Leberman. Mrs. A.. 2229 N. 12th Kerstine. Harry E., 3632 N. 17th Lederer, Ephraim, 707 Bailey Bldg. Kesnetzky. S., 002 N. 4th Lefkoe, Louis, 57 N. 8th Keyser, Eli S., 2543 S. Darion Lehman, Morris A., 432 Spruce Keyser, Jacob S., 1836 S. 7th Lehmann, C, 5010 Locust KImmelman, Dr. S., 1330 S. 4th Leof, Ph., 613 N. 4th Kind. Frank, Lorraine Hotel Leopold. Dr. Isaac, 1428 N. Broad Klrpichinknff, Abraham. 1538 S. 4th Leopold, Dr. Sam'l, 1632 Franklin Klrschbaum, Mrs. A., 1315 N. Broad Lerner, Abr., 813 Poplar 104 JEWISH PUBLICATION SOCIETY 419

Lesse, Sam'l, 3224 Monument Av. Loeb, Arthur, 1510 Oxford Pennsyl- Levan, Maur, 239 S. 5th Loeb, Edward, 4200 Parkside Av. vania Leventhal, Morris B.. 1326 Frazer Loeb, Ferdinand L.t 10th and Leventhal, N. 3842 Poplar Market Leventhal, Nathan, 1304 N. 12th Loeb, Mrs. Harry, 1853 N. 17th Levey, Nathan M., N. E. cor. 8th and Loeb, Herbert B., 1525 Poplar Parrish Loeb, Herbert E., 1422 N. 16th Levey, Sam. J., 633 Reed Loeb, Howard A., 431 Chestnut Levi, I. D., 943 N. 8th Loeb, J., 5442 Chestnut Levi, Julius C, 3016 Diamond Levi, Rubin, 1011 Betz Bldg. Loeb, Dr. Ludwig, 1421 N. 15th Levi, S. George, 2046 N. 18th Loeb, Rudolf, Hotel Majestic Levin, A. E., 252 S. 60th Loeb, Simon, The Lorraine Levin, Harry, 1332 N. 6th Loeb, Victor A., 1901 N. 8th Levin, I., 1700 S. 5th Loewenherg, Dr. Samuel, 1528 S. Levin, Don, 234 S. 9th 5th Levin, Magnus, 2212 N. Front Louchheim, Samuel K., Betz Bldg. Levin, Sam'l, 1530 S. 6th Love, Miss E. E., 1224 Walnut Levin, Simon, 939 N. 7th Love, Dr. J. D., 315 Pine Levine, Max, 3219 Monument Av. Lowengrund, Ernest, Land Title Levinthal, Rev. B. L., 716 Pine Bldg. Levinthal, Jacob A., 1009 S. 3d Lowenstein, B., 3117 Diamond Levitt, J., 269 N. 9th Lubin, Dr. Cecelia, 840 Eastwick Levitt, Dr. M. Lewis, 1224 S. 4th Av. Levy, Benjamin F., 1507 Diamond Lupin, Dr. E. J., 2221 N. 33d Levy, Dr. Jacob, 1739 S. 4th Magid, Jos., 469 N. Marshall Levy, Dr. Jacob, 3044 Frankford Av. Magil, Myer, 532 N. Marshall Levy, L. E., 1424 N. 15th Maleckson, Philip S., 216 N. 50th Levy, Raphael, 2265 N. Park Av. Malen, Jacob, 909 McKeon Lewis, Maurice L., 1941 S. 6th Malshick, Jacob. 414 Monroe Lewis, Wm. M., 1914 N. 3d Manasses, Dr. J. L., 3110 Diamond Lichtensteln, M., 933 Market Mandel, David, Jr., 3218 Diamond Lieber, Leo, 854 N. 8th Mann, David I.. 1004 N. Howard Lieberman, Albert H., 5th and Mann, Jacob, 1918 Franklin Wharton Margolies, H. S., 2229 N. 33d Lieberman, Alexander, 436 Spruce Margolin, A. J., 203 S. 5th Lieberman, Herman, 882 N. 6th Margolis, Dr. Max, 1519 Diamond Lieberman, Morris. 1830 N. 7th Margulis, Morris, 125 Church Lieberman, S., 722 Sansom Markmann, M. Jacob, 2423 N. Liebman, Philip, 941 N. Franklin Park Av. Light, Albert A., 431 P. 20th Markowitz Bros., 323 Market Light, Isidore, 620 Greenwich Markowitz, Morris, 614 N. 2d Lilienblum, Dr. L. J.. 1923 S. 4th Marks, Emanuel, 1717 Spring Gar- Lincoln, L. H.. 1428 N. 7th den Lindauer, Dr. Eugene. 2018 N. 3d Marks, Dr. M.. 607 N. 6th Lindienbaum, Dr. S. M., 1809 N. 7th Marks, Win., 1717 Spring Garden Linse, A. S., 4108 N. Broad Masel, Isaac, 1632 N. Marshall Lipkowltch, Sam., 228 Pine Lipscheutz, I. L., 2019 N. 33d Mash, Solomon, 1606 S. 5th Lipschuetz, Gustav, 1419 Diamond Mashbitz, R. E., 2209 S. 9th Lipschutz, Sol. G.. 1!>25 N. 8th Mastbaum, Jules E., 1827 N. Broad Lipshutz, Ben.i. W., 1119 Passayunk Mastbaum, Stanley V., 2311 N. Av. Park Av. Lipshutz, Chas., 614 Poplar Matusow, Harry, 323G W. Norris Lisakoff, Meyer, 939 S. 5th Matrick, Myer, S91 N. 6th Lisan, M. F., 134 N. 61st Matt, Isaac, 403 E. Hnines Lisberger, L., 1307 Market Mayer, A. B., 407 N. 3d Liveright, Louis, 718 N. 20th Mayer, Alfred, 903 N. 8th Liveright, Max, Hotel Majestic Mayer, Clinton O., 907 N. 16th Lodge, S., 928 Poplar Mayer, Fanny W., Hotel Lorraine Loeb, A. B., 1417 Erie Av. Mayer, G. H., 72S Sansom Loeb, Adolph, 1720 Memorial Av. Mayer, I., 1620 N. Broad

105 420 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

Pennsyl- Mayer, Jacob, Lorraine Hotel Oser, Harris E., 3214 Arlington vania Mayer, The Misses, The Majestic Ostheim, Isaac, 3114 N. Broad Mayer, Morris B., 407 N. 3d Ostheimer, Wm. J., 10th and Chest- Medoff, Jos., 2135 N. 13th nut Meier, David, 3123 Kensington Av. Owaroff, Dr. A., 886 N. 6th Melslor, M. M., 817 S. 5th Parris, Dr. B. M., 1045 S. 5th Melamed, Rabbi Raphael Hal, 1712 Paterzell, Abram, 3826 Girard Av. N. Marshall Pereyra, Miss Aimee, 1529 N. 7th Melnicoff, Dr. J., 925 N. 4th Perlberg, Isidor, 1625 N. 33d Meltzer, A., 821 N. 6th Perlberg, Nathan, 3937 Pennsgrove Mendelsohn, M., 1510 Tioga Perlman, I., 132 New Meslrov, H. S., 1610 Real Estate Perlstein, Morris, 3026 Oxford Trust Bldg. Petchon, Jacob, 1541 N. 20th Meyers, D., Jr., 2120 N. Gratz Petrosky, Harry, 2414 N. Howard Michael, Leon, 3530 N. 10th Pfaelzer, Frank A., 1522 N. 17th Mlckve Israel Congregation School, Pfaelzer, Morris, 1524 N. 16th Broad and York Phillips, Chas. I., 2003 N. 12th Milgrim, Abe, 2459 N. IWd Phillips, David, 14 S. Broad Miller, A., 511 Tasker Pinsky, M., 2622 E. Madison Miller, A. E., 1827 N. 17th Pinsky, Morris, 1712 E. Moyamen- Miller, B. F., 227 Church Miller, Charles, 16th and Ileed sing Av. Miller, D., 831 Reed Ptntzuk, Sol, 21 N. 9th Miller, Harry, 940 N. 6th Pleat, Louis, 1417 S. Lawrence Miller, Harry M., 1009 Common- Pockras, Louis. 2514 S. Marshall wealth Bldg. Pockrass, Bernard, Drexel Bldg. Miller, J., 9 S. 5th Podolnick, Louis, 322 South Miller, Jacob, 16th and Reed Podolsky, N. 709 Sansom Miller, Solomon, 1710 Mt. Vernon Polikoff, Bernard, 611 N. 6th Mink, Chas. W., 9th and Mlfflin Pollock, Charles O., 1719 N. 8th Minsky, Jack, 713 N. 5th Pollock, Louis, 873 N. 23d Moise, Albert L., 1421 Chestnut Pomerantz, M., 700 S. 5th Morals School, 4115 Lancaster Av. Posner, John, 1545 S. 7th Morris, Louis, 214 South Poulshock, J., 4132 Lancaster MOBS, Joseph, 333 South Powell, Louis, 807 Tasker Myers, Dr. I., 1504 N. 7th Presser, S., 225 N. 34th Myers, Paul M., 1914 N. 7th Pressman, H. H., 634 N. Marshall Nadlca, Aaron, 700 N. 45th Prizaut, Harry M., 818 N. 11th Nathan, Rev. Marvin, 2213 N. Na- Quinto, O. B. trona Rabinowitz, Reuben, 1719 Crelghten Nathan, Sam'l, 875 Mnin Rader, D., 5504 Chester Av. Nathanson, H. M., 12th and Market Raditz, Lazar, 743 N. 26th Nelson, Ben.)., 988 N. 7th Raflo, Louis Nelson, Hyman, 1334 S. 6th Rand, Mrs. B., 2225 N. 33d Newburger, Frank L.. 2016 Green Rapoport, Julius, N. W. cor. Front Newhouse, Florence, 428 Mint Ar- and Christian cade Rappaport, Benj.. 3234 Arlington Newmayer, Dr. S. W., 1306 Pine Rappaport, Dr. M., 527 S. 5th Nichols, Miss M., S. E. cor. 3d and Refsen. Netor, 3026 Berks Pine Reinish, J. C, 1813 N. Natrona Norinsky, M., 713 S. 5th Rice, Miss Anna B.. 1216 N. 30th Novack, J. L., 1017 S. 4th Rice, J. J., 1721 N. 15th Nusbaum, Elias, 143 W. Sharpnack Richman, Jos. A., 2429 N. 33d Nusbaum, Isaac, 153 W. Sharpnack Rlchman, Dr. M., 1822 S. 5th Obermayer, Leon J., 614 Franklin Riesman, Dr. David, 1715 Spruce Bldg. Rittenberg, Henry R., S. E. cor. Ochs, Geo. W., Public Ledger 10th and Walnut Oldstein, Dr. H. J., 1322 S. 5th Rivkind, Jacob, 3849 Cambridge Orlow, Sam'l, 958 N. Randolph Rivkind, Rev. Moses, 319 S. 5th Orolowltz, Louis, 326 South Robbins, G. David, 1614 S. 6th Orsher, Dr. Isaac A., N. W. cor 7th Robiezek, Henry, 327 Eartham Ter- and Mifflin race 106 JEWISH PUBLICATION SOCIETY 421

Robinjson, Abraham, 3223 Monu- Samuel, J. Bunford, 1609 Spruce Pennsyl- ment Av. Sandberg, H., 820 N. 5th • vania Rod, Isaac M., 56 N. Hirst Sanders, A. J., Land Title Bldg. Roedelheim, Mrs. Ida, 1823 N. 17th Sanders, Dr. D. M., 1307 Girard Rogasner, Sol., 1810 N. 11th Av. Roggenburger, Mrs. A., 3d and Sannit, Louis, 612 N. 7th Cherry Santz, Dr. S. V., 327 Pine Rollick, Jacob, 602 Reed Savitz, M. B., 1538 S. 9th Roseman, Jacob, 1029 S. 3d Sax, Max, 818 South ltosen, Morris, 411 Moore Sax, Percival M., 6429 Drexel Road, Rosenau, Chas. I., 1508 Guard Av. Saxe, Solomon, 1218 N. Marshall Rosenau, Simon, 4202 Parkside Av. Schachman, Dr. Morris, 531 South Rosenbaum, H., 2139 Green Schaeffer, Max, 332 S. 12th Rosenbaum, M., 509 3d Schamberg, Dr. Jay F., 1922 Spruce Rosenbaum, Samuel, 1733 N. 32d Schamberg. Jesse J., care of Felix Rosenberg, Max, 834 South Isman, South Penn Square Rosenberg, Morris, 715 Franklin Schamberg, Lewis M., Hotel Ma- Rosenblatt, Max, 721 Arch jestic Rosenblatt, S., 2605 Germantown Schatz, Dr. H. A., 916 N. 6th Av. Schechter, Dr. Isaac, 505 Pine Rosenblum, Sophie, 3127 Rklge Av. Scheckter, Harry, 959 N. 7th Rosenglik, FI., 1430 S. 5th Scheinfeld, Morris, 1604 Ridge Av. Rosenman, B., 1936 N. 32d Schenker, Dr. H. I., 635 N. 5th Rosensteln, Alfred A., 2131 W. Schlein, Sam'l, 1915 N. Park Av. Ontario Schlestnger, Abe, 1846 N. 16th Rosenstein, Dan'l, 135 Fairmount Schlow, Charles, 1944 N. 31st Av. Schmookler, Dr. Henry, 1320 S. 5th Rosenthal, Harry, 2S04 N. Broad Schneyer, Louis A., 33 N. 3d Rosenthal, Louis, 2428 N. 6th Schor, Hyman, 7th and Brown Rosenthal, P., 145 N. 60th Schorr, Henry W., 1327 Land Title Rosenthal, Dr. Win. S., 832 N. 24th Bldg. Rosin, Sig. M., 2142 Gratz Av. Schulhof, A. L., 2256 N. 21st Rosskam, William B., 2013 N. 33d Schupack, Dr. Charles B., 408 S. Rothenhelm, Solomon M., 925 Chest- 9th. nut Schur, Wm., 1218 Pine Rothner. Bent, 14:;n S. 8th Schwab, Max, B., 2213 N. 21st Rothschild, ft., 2260 N. 13th Schwab, N., 2003 N. 33d Rothschild, Mrs. Henry- 2224 Groen Schwalb, M., 508 Main Rothschild, Mever, 1832 N. 17th Schwartz, Dr. B., 1010 Snyder Av. Rothschild, S..' 3236 N. Broad Schwartz, I., 16th and Reed Rothschild, William, 415 South Schwartz, I., 326 N. 6th Rovno, Dr. Philip, 423 Pine Schwartz, J., 532 Moore Rubel, E., 1507 N. 10th Schwartz, Sam'l G., 609 Lafayette Rubenstlne, A. B., 2118 S. 6th Bldg. Ruberg, Kohn, 523 S. 3d Schwartz, Slgmund, 116 S. 13th Rubin, Isaac H., 1324 N. Frazer Schwarz, J. A., 5132 Wayne Av., Rubin, Joseph II., 715 Arch Gtn. Rubin, M. .T., 721 Brown Schwarz, M. H., 404 Dickinson Rubinsohn, L. S., 517 N. 4th Segal, Dr. J., 310 Reed Rudolph, Miss Frances, 1106 N. Segal, Jos.. 1306 Columbia Av. 40th Seiger, Louis, 531 N. Marshall Rudolph, H., 4032 Girard Av. Sellg, Abraham, 2041 Tloga Snchs, Harry. 1228 Cherry Sells, B., 4258 Parkside Av. Sachs, L., 1417 S. 8th Selig, Ely IC, 1315 N. Broad Sachs, S., 122S Cherry Seltzer, A., 3011 Oxford Saeta, Philip, S. W. cor. 5th and Sender, Harry, 2 4 5 3 Myrtlewood Federal Senic, Morris, 267 N. 9th Sager, Isnnc, 3036 Poplnr Shabam, Dr. Simon, 761 S. 5th Sasorsky, I. S., ",932 Walnut Shakewsky, Isaac, 511 S. 6th Sail, Jacob, 1514 Moyamensing Av. Shapiro, Mrs. Fannie, 5435 German- Sailer. Louis. 1420 Girard Av. town Av. Sametz, Henry, 3220 Arlington Shapiro, Mrs. I., 2264 N. 17th 107 422 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

Pennsyl- Shapiro, Morris, 127 N. Oth Spiegelman, J., 1319 N. Franklin vania Shatz, L. A., 3215 Diamond Spitz. Nathan, N. W. cor. 8th & Race Sheetz, Max, 0 N. 2d Srolovitz, Wolf, 1406 S. 6th Sheffier, Louis, 1740 RitDer Staller, Isidor, 959 N. 7th Shenkin, Henry A., 233 Market Staller, Dr. Max, 1310 S. 5th Shor, Dr. Harry N., 5th and Pine Stamm, Dr. C. J., 2424 N. Front Shore, A., 505 Brown Stamm, Sol., 811 S. 2d Shoyer, Louis, 412 Arch Stecher, Louis, 2317 N. Broad Shribman, Joseph, 1804 N. 7th Stein, Harry, 2979 Frankford Shultz, Isaac, 3950 Poplar Stein, Isaac, 3432 N. 15th Shultz, Joshua, 916 N. 6th Stein, J., 826 S. 3d Shusterman, J., 1425 S. 7th Stelnbach, Dr. L. W., 1309 N. Broad Shute, M.. 2989 Frankford Sickles, A., 726 Chestnut Steinberg, Jos., 1648 N. Marshall Sickles, Edward, 726 Chestnut Steinberg, Mrs. P., 1631 N. 33d Sickles, Louis, 3220 Diamond Steinberg, Sophia, 442 Brown Sickles, Mrs. M., 1910 N. 11th Steinberg, Wm., 1428 S. 9th Sickles, Sol., 2214 Tioga Stelner, Frank, 1426 W. Susque- Siedenbach, Mrs. A., 1707 Diamond hanna Av. Silberman, Dr. M., 230 N. Dth Stembler, Dr. H. A., 947 N. 6th Silbersteln. E. 123 N. 9th Steppacher, Walter M., 146 N. 13th Sillman, Maurice, 857 N. 6th Stern, Eugene M.. 4230 Parkside Av. Silver, Morris N., 1432 S. 8th Stern, Horace, 1520 N. 17th Silverman, Chas., 525 Pine Stern, Isidore, 536 Spruce Silverman, Prank, 2216 S. 8th Stern, Israel, 1935 N. 12th Silverman, M., 923 Poplar Stern, Mrs. Jennie 817 South Silverman, Wm., Larchwood Apts. Stern, Julius, 1214 Orkney Nimkin, A., 820 Greenwich Stern, Lafayette, 1846 N. 19th Simon, Dave, S37 N. Marshall Stern, Louis, 203 Burd Bldg. Simon, David E., 1516 Diamond Stern, M. H., 1609 Diamond Simons, Dr. B. R., 1804 W. Ontario Stern, Dr. Max J., 711 Franklin Simsohn, Dr. Jos. S., 909 Franklin Stern, Morris, 907 N. 8th Sinberg, John H.. Hotel Majestic Stern, Sam'l, Commonwealth Bldg. Singer, Dr. Benj. L.. 1914 N. 18th Stern, Sidney M., 1613 Poplar Singer, H., 736 S. 4th Stern. W. A., 1805 Spring Garden Singer, Joseph, 1302 N. American Sternberg, Rudolph, 1644 South Bldg. Stiefel, M., 1803 N. 33d Sklar, Sam'l, 6007 Osage Stone, Irwin L., 2425 N. 17th Sklar, Dr. W., 1005 S. 3d Strickler, Dr. Albert, 40.">0 Girard Slipakoff, Jaculi, 5018 Germantown Av. Av. Strouse, Mrs. Abr.. 213 N. 3d Slonimsky, N., 311 Reed Strouse, Henry, 1315 Real Estate Smarr, Joseph B., 1434 N. Franklin Trust Bldg. Smith, J., 459 E. Glrard Av. Strousse, Morris, 939 N. 8th Smith. Jacob, 0759 Germantown Av. Sundheim. Harry I., Real Estate Smith, Max J., 2424 N. Douglas Trust Bldg. Smolensky, A., 536 Pike Sundheim, Jos. H., 1001 Chestnut Snyder, J., and Sons, G004 German- Switky, Israel, 2253 Camnc town Av. Tartsovsky, Miss C 611 N. Gth Snyderman, Dr. H. S., 1306 N. Gth Teller, Jacob, Hotel Lorraine Snyderman, M., 710 N. Franklin Teller, Louis A., 927 N. 19th Soble, Max C, 5903 Clinton Teller, Dr. William H., 1713 Green Solomon, Harry, 1121 Tioga Thanhauser, S., 15 N. 16th Sommer, n. B., 612 Arch Thomashefsky, M., Arch St. Theatre Sommer, Dr. Heni-y. 518 N. 5th Thurpick. Hanon. 264 S. 5th Sondheiraer, Benj.. 1839 W. Erie Av. Tierkel, David B., 327 Manton Sonnhelm, Jacob L.. 1904 N. PattOD Tobin, J., 1018 S. 5th Sostmann. Julius. 2017 S. Broad Tonkonosy, Jos., 513 N. Wanamaker Speaker, Rev. Henry M., 2257 N Tonsky, Dr. Bernard. 14.'!1 S. 4th Camac Tunick, Abraham, 432 Pine Speiser. Maurice J., South Penn Tunick, Jacob, 328 S. 5th Sq. Bldg. Tunin, Dr. B. O., 1312 S. 5th 108 JEWISH PUBLICATION SOCIETY 423

Tutelman, Harry, 3201 Susque- Wolf, Mrs. Elias, 1420 Girard Av. Pennsyl- hanna Av. Wolf, Isaac, Jr., 4220 Parkside vania Uditsky, Harry, 1325 Franklin Wolf, Jos., 1112 Poplar UfEenheimer, A. I., 1518 N. 17th Wolf, Louis, 1713 S. 22d Unger, Sam, 1432 S. Lawrence Wolf, Morris, 1733 Montgomery Av. Velenchik. Samuel, 2150 N. 7th Wolf, Simon, 1737 Montgomery Av. Vendlg, Charles H., 1922 N. 12th Wolf, Wm., 521 N. 63d Verblt, Harry, 3124 Clifford Wolfson, Dr. J., 1001 S. 6th Verlin, Jacob, 5852 Chestnut Wolfson, M., 1347 S. 7th Viteles, Harry, 931 N. 6th Wolin, Chas., 122 N. 6th Waber, Louis, 888 N. 6th Wolkin, Simon, 4127 Lancaster Av. Wachs, A., 4021 Girard Av. Wrubel, M., 1809 N. 31st Wallack, Morris, 334 Federal Yaspan, Rev. Morris, 440 Christian Wallerstein, David, 607 Land Title Zall, Dr. Bernard C, 840 N. 7th Bldg. Zamustin, Max, 537 Spruce Walter, Dr. Isidore Zeben, Louis, 709 Green Wasserman, Mrs. Jos., N. W. cor. Zelesnick, Joseph I., 427 Titan Wissahlckon Av. and Hutter Zellner, Carl Leon, 1520 N. 15th Waxman, Jacob, 221 Callowhlll Zimmerman, John, 1330 S. 6th Waxman, S., 1900 S. 7th Zimmerman, Dr. M. L., 431 Pine Weber, David, 4042 Parkside Av. Zinman, Morris, 2352 N. 21st Weber, Herman, 3852 Girard Av. Zolot, Chas., 2127 Natrona Weil, Emanuel, 3649 N. 21st Weil, Jacob, 208 Arcade Bldg. Phoenixville Welman, Dr. Maurice, 1326 S. 5th Weinberg, I., 2021 N. 7th Behari, Edward, 222 Bridge Weinberg, Maurice G., 693 Drexel Hurwitz, Harry, 178 Bridge Bldg. Melgram, Abe, 211 Bridge Weinberg;, S., 3232 Berks Neuman, Marcus, 214 Church Weiner, Sam'l B., 603 Mifflin Phillips, Benj., 176 Bridge Weinfeld, Adolf, 549 N. 2d Schwartz, Wm., 21 Clay Weinstein, J. I., 790 Drexel Bid;?. Weinstein, Jacob, 505 Chestnut Pittsburg Weinstein, Dr. M. A., 531 Pine LIBRARY MEMBER Weinstein, Sam'l Frank, Isaac W., 5601 Irwin Av. Weintraub, A., 119 N. 4th Weisman, Morris, 1742 N. Marshall SPECIAL MEMBERS Weiss, Cbaa., 623 N. 16th Edlis, Adolph, 2035 Wylie Av. Weiss, Chas. J., 1002 Common- Gelb, Dr. M. J., 1417 Carson wealth Bldg. Saar Sholem Lodge, No. 154, I. O. Weiss, Sam'l, 2513 N. 33d Weisz, Jos., 1418 W. Susquehanna P>. B., care of Louis Cohen, Sec'y, Av. 1400 Poplar, Alleshcny Weitz, S., 3017 Diamond Snnps. Dr. K. I., 234 Mcfcee PI. Wendkos, S. L., 1252 S. 17th Sedler, Barnet, G05 Washington Werbow, Morris. 2200 S. 7th Werner, Dr. J. L., 1533 S. 6th ANNUAL, MEMBERS Wertheimer, L., 2107 W. Venango Aaronson, Leonard I., Breckenridge Wessel, Henry N., Penn Sq. Bldn. Av. Westheimer, Mrs. M., 1629 N. 33d Abels, Morris, 3112 Avalon White, Abe, 400 South Adelman, Louis F., 1623 Dennlston Whitehill. Edw., 619 Market Av., E. E. Wiener, J., 866 N. 7th Adler, Louis J., 214 Stratford Av. Wiener and Poline, 416 Market Alpen, Louis, 807 5th Av. Wiernik, M., 1931 N. 12th Amshel, Louis, 250 Darrah Wigman, Jacob, 876 N. 6th Arnfeld, Maurice, 1125 Penn Av. Windner, Julius. 251 N. 18th Ashinsky, Rabbi A. M., 1204 Colwell Winkleman, Philip, 2135 N. 17th Avner, Maurice I;., 615 Berg-er Bldg:. Wintrob, J. M., 1729 Mavlton Av. Baer, Morris, 350 Graham Wise, August, 1307 Market Barach, Dr. Joseph II., 4930 Centre Wisemnn, Harry S., 528 N. Simpson Av. Wolf, Mrs. Abr. S., 1530 Green Baum, H., 5706 Bartlett 109 424 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

Pennsyl- Bernstein, A., 5726 Howe Horvitz, B., 5291 S. Atlantic Av. vania Bernstein, Dr. H., 1008 Wylle Av. Idov, J. L., 6200 Penn Av. Bloom, Julius, 71 Marion Isaacs, I. E., 404 Smithfleld Bloomberg, Dr. S., 1543 Centre Av. Jackson, Henry, 201 Evaline Blumenthal, Dr. A. A., 1007 Wylle Joseph, A. P., 300 N. Negley Av. Av. Kann, Mrs. Myer M., 336 Atlantic Carnegie Library, Schenley Park Av. Chaltkin, Maurice, 901 Union Av., Karsten, M., 708 N. St. Clair N. S. Katz, Jos. L, 5412 2d Av. Coffee, Rabbi Rudolph I., 5894 Ho- Katz, Jos. N., 1317 5th Av. bart Kaufman, A. H., HfiHi McKee PI. Cohen, Mrs. Aaron, 380 Wlneblddle Kaufmann, Isaac, :"iO3~> Forbes Av. Av. Kellly, David S.. 3221 Elsinore Sq. Cohen, Dr. Isaac \V., 1906 5th Av. Kingsbacher, Aaron, 1531 Dennis- Cohen, Hon. Joslah, St. Regis Apts. ton Av. Cohen, Miss Ray, 623 Wylle Av. Kingsbacher, M., 0602 Northumber- Cohn, Mrs. Wm. H., 5812 Marlbor- land Av. ough Klee, Wm. B., 150." Shady Av. Cooper, Chas. I., 602 Washington Klein, Jos., 809 5th Av. Bank Bldg. Kornblum, J., Arrott Bldg. Cranz, F., 320 Main Kraus, Sam, 2S40 Centre Av. Cuden, Dr. C. S., 1306 5th Av. Landman. S., 142 Erin Davis. Barnett, 318 Aiken Av. Lasday, Wm., 822 Melton, E. E. De Roy, A. J., 5807 Bartlett Leiber, Dr. Philip, S05 Bluff De Roy, Dr. Aaron, 5405 Coral Levin, L. S., Dennlston Av. cor. De Roy, Israel, 214 Market Wllklns Diamond, Harry, 234 Pacific Av. Levy, Geo. A., 5720 Walnut Dreyfuss, Barney, 903 Farmers Bank Levy, Rev. Dr. J. Leonard, 1526 Den- Bldg. niston Av., E. E. Enelow, M., 1S2O Bradford Av. Levy, Miss Rae, 132 Erin Engelsburg, Paul, 1627 Centre Av. Lewin, Robert, 14 Smithfield Palk, Leon, 342 Atlantic Av. Lrichten stein, Dr. Meyer B., 240 Feinberg. Samuel, 1607 Bluff Dlnwlddle Feldstein, Bernard H., 2037 Centre Lipman, H. M., 235 5th Av. Av. London, A. L., 3106 Avalon Fineberg, Nathan, 922 Vickroy Malamuth, Jos. L., 2125 Webster Finkelpearl, Dr. H., 3594 Beech- Av. wood Blvd. Manovitz. Rev. A. I., 1311 Franklin Finkelstein, Benj., 635 Chislett Marcus, Dr. Clnra E.. 1641 5tJi Av. Foner, N., 1701 Centre Av. Marcus, Jos. C, 2014 5th av. Friedman, F., 3440 Boqueste Margolis, Jacob, 221 Coltart Sq. Giffen, I. L., 93 Roberts Margolis, M., 207 Devillers Glick, A. L., 30 Stevenson Marlck, Dr. S. W., 1104 Vickroy Goldinger, A., 5939 Penu Av. Meyers, Abe. 912 5th Av. Goldman, Dr. S., 5528 Baywood, Miller, J., 801 Union Bank Bldg. Neaman, Harry I., 7612 Bennett Goldsmit, S. B., 5174 Liberty Av. Square Goldsmith, David, 35 Niagara Neaman, Morris, 106 Pembroke Goldstein, Sam'l. 31 fi Evaline Neiman, Bennio, 1403 5th Av. Goodstone, Dr. M. A., 759 Millvale Nevins, Phil II., 1226 Wylie Av. Av., E. E. Newman, A. J., Supt. Home for Aged Greenberger, Jacob, 336 4th Av. Obernauer, Harold, 1841 Centre Av. Gross, A., 308 Renshaw Bldg. Oppenheim, G. H., 1305 Gibbon Haas. Mrs. Morris, 445 Atlantic Av., Osgood, Sam'l, 917 r>th Av. E. E. Perlman, Wm., 1023 5th Av. Hamburger, Philip, 467 S. Rebecca Perlow, Moses, 251 Dlnwiddie Hanauer, A. M., 353 Pacific Av. Plotkln, Nohum, 1536 Clark Harrison. I.. 4921 Butler Radin, Dr. Sam P., 1624 5th Av. I-Iepner, Jacob M.. 85 Van Braam Raphael, Harry M.. 2!i3 Dlnwiddie Hirseh, B., 1(522 Cendo Av. Rauh, A. L., 5565 Irwtn Av. riirsch, Leon, S110 Jenkins Arcade Rauh, Enoch, 5837 Bartlett, E. E. Bldg. Raub, M., 5621 Northumberland Av. 110 JEWISH PUBLICATION SOCIETY 425

Reich, H. A., 3505 Butler Meyerhoff, Moe L. Pennsyl- Reich, Jos. I-L, 4835 Norwood Av. Miller, Isaac vania Reinwasser Sol., 1316 Liverpool, N. Prince, Jos. Leonard, 322 High S. Rauhfogel, Seiman, 255 High Rosenbloom, L., 856 E. Ohio Selman, S., 304 High Rosenbloom, Sol., 5507 Stanton Av. Weiss, Max. 456 High Rosenthal, Dr. D. A., 4032 Jenkins Yentelson, S., 11 S. Franklin Arcade Bldg. Rosenthal, Myer, 605 Wylie Av. Pottsville Rothman. Theo., 4028 Butler Sachs, Charles H., 5541 Hays Lilienthal, Miss Lillie, 117 W. Mar- Sailer, M., 507 Market ket Schein, Saul, 1510 Carson Schwartz, Leon, 318 Center Seegman, Dr. Harry, 2012 5th Av. Weiner, Jos., 220 11th Segal, Jake Weiss, S. S., 521 W. Norwegian Shapiro, M. I., 1114 N. Euclid Av. Yedinsky, Sam'l, 248 N. 12th Shapiro, Sam'l S., 347 Oliver Bldg. Shenkan, Isaac, 75 Congress Priceburg Sher, Simon. 318 McKee PI. Cantor, Dr. Aaron S. Sidenberg, Hugo, 503 2d National Bk. Bldg. Quakertown Solomon, K., Morewood Av., 4th door from Forbes Weiss, Ellas Spear, Nathaniel, 210 Stratford Av. Rankin Stadtfeld, Joseph, 1115 Frick Bldg. Green, Harry, 229 2d Stein, Hon. Abraham C, 507 Ross Horn, Ignatz, 348 2d Stein, Harry M., 3206 Elsinore Sq. Stein, Mrs. Nathan, 5301 Ellsworth Reading Av. Bear, Isaac, 1602 Mineral Springs Sunstein, A. J., Bartlett St. Berger, Mrs. Sophie, 823 Elm Sunstein, C, 1287 Shady Av., E. E. Braveman, I., 740 Penn Treellsky, Rachel, 111 Erin Brodstein, J., 716 Chestnut Wechsler, Dr. B. B., 4943 Centre Av. Cohen, Julius L., 46 N. 11th Weil, A. Leo. 5931 Howe Fisher, Harry, 233 Centre Av. Weissberg, Max, 146 Robinson Frank, Rabbi Julius, 1147 Franklin White, B., 430 Shady Av. Goldman, E., 436 Penn White, Chas.. Negley Av. and Elmer Green, Saul, 938a Penn Wilkoff, David L., 2041 Wylie Av. Isacowitz, Isaac, 110 Penn Winfield, Win., 530 4th Av. Klevansky, B., 29 S. 7th Wolkln, Harry, 837 Estella Kotzen, S. J., 107 N. 9th Luria, A., 549 N. 12th PIttston Lurla, A. L., 236 N. 10th Biederman. IT., 1122 Wyoming Av., Luria, Max, 238 N. 10th Exeter Borough Potts, A. G., 407 S. 9th Brown, A. B. Rittenberg, Geo., 150 Walnut Fleischer, Miss Cecelia, 51 Church Sattenstein, I., 929 Oley Schwartz, Joseph, 1089 Wyoming Saul, Harry, 546 S. 9th Schechter, Moses E., 1029 Douglas Plymouth Schwartz, Jos. H., 821 Green Schwartz, M., 425 Penn Abarbanell, A., 9 W. Main Sher, L., and Sons, 431 Mulberry Fainberg, Max L., 56 E. Main Sherman, H., 447 Moss Goldstein, L., 458 W. Main Simon, Louis L., 736 Franklin Jacobs, Alexander, 14 W. Main Sulmon, B., 840 Elm Lasser, I., 105 E. Main Werner, A., 334 N. 5th Y. M. H. Assoc, 624 Penn Pottstown Zable, Harry, 8 N. 9th Abrams, Harry, 631 Walnut Block, Jacob, 103 N. Hanover Feuerman. S., 431 High Renova Leblong, Nathan, 429 High Goodman, Meyer M. Magitson, H., 11 S. Franklin Kaplan, Milton 111 426 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

Pennsyl- Scranton Sharon vania Anspacher, Dr. A. S., 925 Monroe Cohen, Simon Av. Lury, Sam Ball. Chas., 1516 Linden Sheffield Barkin, Isadore, 429 Prescott Av. Epstein, Levi Blume, Max Brandwlne, Louis, 319 Franklin Av. Epstein, William Conn, A. B., 121 Mulberry Eisner, Isador, 841 Jefferson Shenandoah Federman, M. J. Block, Samuel Frankel, Rabbi D., 613 Washington Eisenberg, Louis Av. Frieband, Leon Friedman, Louis. 540 Adaras Av. Levit, Max Friedman, Dr. Sam'l, 437 Adams Av. South Bethlehem Furman. C. L, 634 Adams Av. Goodman, B., 112 E. 3d Gold. Rabbi W., 326 Penn Av. Goldberg, A., 023 N. Washington Steelton Av. Goodman, M., 532 Lnckawanna Av. Baker, David P., 544 S. 3d Gross, Louis, 611 N. Washington Levin, Jacob, 304 N. Front Av. Levltan, Isidore J., 670 S. 3d Herzl Club, 336 Penn Av. Hinerfield, L.. 718 Monroe Av. Sunbury Jacobs, Daniel, 1408 Mulberry Biow, Ely, Market St. Kabatchnick, Myer, 334 Franklin Eisenberg, J., 425 Market Av. Freedman, Mrs. Wolf, 329 Chestnut Kaplan, Max, 914 Pine Goldberg, I., 428 Market Kaplan, Nathan. 614 Myrtle Millner, M., 359 Market Klein, Louis, 401 Franklin Av. Kohn, L. W., 429 Wyoming Av. Swissvale Krakusin, Ben., 718 Monroe Av. Adler, Jonas, 7476 McLure Av. Krotosky, Isidore, 531 N. Washing- ton Tarentum Levi, Barnet, 520 Pine Levi, Mrs. Sarah A.. 317 Penn Av. Friedman, A. J., 145 W. 7th Levine. II.. 217 Lack'a Av. Levy, R. L., 809 Quincy Av. TTniontown Marcus, Adolph, 736 N. Washington Davis. Jacob, 7 Broadway Av. Friedman, S. Mazurin, Rev. L. M., 334 Franklin Molans, Harry, 68 E. Fayette Av. Rosenbaum, Jos. Phillips, George, Coal Exchange Rosenbaum, Sol. J. Bid?. Roos, Dr. E. G.. 232 Adams Av. Warren Roth, Samuel. 219 Moran Ball, Dr. M. V. Schmulovitz, T., 425 Tnilor Av. Glassman, Elias I., 3d and Hickory Silverberg, Maurice, 718 Monroe Kornreich, S., 29 Plum Av. Silverstein, N.. 410 Wyoming Av. Washington Tracker, S., 219 Franklin Av. Elianow, Jos. M., 14 N. Main Weisberger. Sandy, 301 First Goldfarb, Rev. Jacob, 34 N. Franklin Wolfgang, E. J., 419 Penn Av. Landay, Lewis W., 342 Jefferson Y. M. H. Assoc, 322 Adams Av. Av. Ochs, Louis, 114 Hall Av. Dr. Theodore Herzl Zion Society, Shamokin care of Paul Groginsky Bornsteln, Jos., 703 N. Shamokin Braude, A. West Grove Gelb, N. B., 136 N. Grant Liebormann, Dr. Jacob, 124 Rose Presmont, Isaac Hill Av.

112 JEWISH PUBLICATION SOCIETY 427

Wilkes-Barre Schloss, Louis Pennsyl- Slavin, Dr. S., 89 S. Main vania PATRON Stakulsky, Hyman, 14 Weitzenkorn Strauss, Sellgman J. Bldg. Stern, Harry F. SPECIAL MEMBER Temple Religous School, care of Long, Bernhard, 235 S. Franklin Rabbi Salzman, 04 W. Ross Welntraub, Harry Heller, 200 Bar- ANNUAL MEMBERS npy Casper, Max, 20 W. Ross Weitzenkorn, J. K. Coons, Joseph D. Coons, Joseph S., 77 W. Ross Ginsburg, Rabbi D., 327 E. North- Williamsport ampton Goldenberg, H. M., 321 Pino Haltzel, Harry L., 35 S. Welles Ulman, Miss Kosetta, 6:!4 W. 4th Heinz, Maurice Horowitz, Jacob I., 300 N. Main Wynoote Hurwitz, Jos. J. SI-ECIAL MEMBER Leibson, Jos., 2 E. Market Levi, Ben., 486 S. Franklin Kaas, Andrew Lcvi, Max, 62 Mallory PI. Levison, J. G., 33 E. Market ANNUAL MEMBER Levy, Felix T., 421 S. Franklin Arnold, Mrs. Miriam Long, Dr. Chas. Long, Millard F., 409 S. Franklin York Lowenstein, Mrs. B., 212 S. Main Balkstein, Rev. S. W., 148 S. Water Marks, A. Grumbacher, Max Murzin, M., 429 S. River Kagen, David, 236 S. Pine Oppenhelmer, David, 714 Second Katz, Sam'l, 328 E. Poplar Nat. Bank Bids. Lehmayer, Mrs. Nathan Rabe, Hugo, 54 E. Northampton Metz, Isaac, 24 S. George Rosenthal, David, 26 Lincoln Singer, Jacob, 146 E. Market Salsburg, Abram, 62 S. Welles Socks, Sam'l, 48 S. George Salzman, Rev. Marcus. 94 W. Ross Trattner, Abe, 144 S. George Samelson, Bernard, 44 N. Main Welnstock, H., Pine and College Av.

RHODE ISLAND Rhode Central Falls Newport Island Bogin, N., 505 High Bloch, Rev. Julius, 19 Newport Av. Brown, Isaac, 542 Dextrr David, F., 19 Bridge Chermack, J., 47 Fletcher David, N., 2 Broadway Dobkin, Sam., 34 Fletcher Eckstein, Rabbi Moses, 19 Newport Frucht, S.. 138 Garfield Av. Goldberg, Nathan, 517 Dextor Fraut, D., 243 Thames Herschowitz, J. J., 24 Ledge Jacobs, J. A., 221 Thames Jaffe, B., 411 Dexter Josephson, I. J.. 267 Thames Kalman, Chas., 536 Mill Kosch, Adolph, 242 Thames Law, B.. 348 High Kravetz, Meyer, 32 Marlborough Marks, J., 58 Cross Lack, Louis, 106 Broadway Mogilevkin, B. M., 48 Central Levy, Harris, 19 Dunning Nathanson, I., 521 Broad Levy, Max, Thames St. Shaffer, II., 590 Broad Moskovich, Philip, 22 Broadway Sonkin, J., 143 Lincoln Av. Nelson, A., 15 Thames Prinz, Leo, Thames, cor. Long Whf. Rubinstein, Louis, 100 Broadway Longmeadow Stoneman, Michael, 362 Thames Harzberg, Meyer Weiss, Alex. S., 13 Brinley Lonsdale Pawtuoket Berick, A., 182 Broad Bolotow, Louis, 415 Broad Chefetz, Colmau, 10 George 113 428 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

Rhode Cohen, E., 43 Summer Kraus, Harry. 204 Chalkstone Av. Island Cohen, Morris, 71 E Av. Kulman, L., 56 Howell Peeler, Max, 10 Borton Latt, M., 9 Fillmore Glickman, Seppy, 94 Gordon Lederer, B., 9 Bridgham Goodman. Abraham, 10 George Levin. Morris J., 726 Broad Hyman, Mnx, 224 N. Mnin Levitt, Mayer, 267 S. Main Levenson, M., 5 Borton Levye, Joe, 243 N. Main Levy, J. M., 23 Harrison Lipshitz, L., 379 N. Main Morgan, Louis, 42'A Dexter Llpson, Samuel, 191 N. Main Schwartz, M. R., ,N2 Lodge Luber, Sam'l, 335 N. Main Shartenberg, Jacob Manshel, Chas., 1248 Broad Manshel, Chas., 150 Doyle Av. Providence Marcus, Julius, 805 Westminster Marcus, Lyon A., 80 Jefferson LIFE MEMBER Markensohn, M., 145 Orms Misch, Mrs. Cfesar, 400 Westminster Markoff, Edward E., 268 Westmins- ter SPECIAL MEMBEK Marks, Morris. 103 N. Main Gomberg, Dr. Max B., 344 Butler Ex- Mellin, M., 5 Canal change Millings, S., 18 Zone Norman, Edward, 37 Howell ANNUAL MEMBERS Parvey, Dr. H.. (Caesar Misch Bldg. Abraams, Philip, 151 Orms Plainfield. S.. 45 Howell Abrich, A., 68 Goddert Poblrs, Dr. Albert, 61 Benefit Alper, M. S., 22 James l-'ri'iss. Samup], 362 N. Main Arleck, Abram, 7!) Hendel Providence Worklngmen's Beneficial Bader, Isaak, 562 N. Main Ass'n, 14 Doyle Av. Bakst, Adolph, 171 Dudley Rablnowltz, William. 224 N. Main Bashlow, Louis, 174 N. Main Robinson, J. A., 78 Charles Blumenthal, Dr. J. N., 402 West- Rosen, Bnrnet, 369 N. Main minster Rosenblatt, D., 30 N. Davis Brenner, Benj., 23 Howell Rosenblatt, Henry, 83 Orms Brooks, Geo. B., 27 Mulberry Royal Paper and Supply Co., 353 Brown, M., 23 Goddert Cohen, Simon, 12 Jenkes Canal Constlsten, Louis, 130 Orms S. S. Cong, of Israel and David, Cumuccus, Morris. 19 N. Davis Friendship and Poster Cutler, Harry, 7 Eddy Sackett, J., 22 Wheaton Davis, N., 339 N. Main Shadin, B., 174 N. Main Dluty, Morris, 91 Howell Stern, Rev. Dr. Nathan, 500 Public Druker, Nathan, 57 Governor Sydney, Wm., 12 Orms Einstein, Mrs. M., 72 Glenham Tarlin, Mrs. Victor, 69 Glenham Elowitz, Miss Belle, 49 Benefit Tenikin, Max, 49 Benefit Epstein, Dr. Ph. P., 310 N. Main Tobarsky, David, 43 V4 Howell Faber, Samuel, 502 N. Main Weber, Harris, 27 Halsey Pain, Alfred A., 802 Elmwood Av. Wlnograd, Leo, 1 Lopez Fain, B., 311 I'ockasett Av. Zettin, Salkind, 16 Pratt Felnsteln, Philip, 247 Atwells Av. Fine, Nathan, 114 Lippit Valley Falls Flink, A. V., 24 Chalkstone Av. Stein, Samuel, 87 Broad Flink, M., 6 Camp Frank, Mrs. H., 7 Jenkes Westerly Frank, Mrs. S., 23% Howell Lahn, M., 6 Hillside Av. Galden, A., 1 Victor Saloveitzik, Morris, 9 Coggswell Garflnkle, I., 24 Wheaton •Silversteln, Louis, 10 Moss Ginsberg, Eli, 197 Pine Solomon, Lewis, 5 Jay Ginsburg, Adolph, 21 Washington Yorogroskl, Max, 13 Lincoln Av. Gorman, Jos. A., 82 Broad Green, Mrs. Myer, 9 Janckes Woonsooket .Toslier, Joseph, 30 Halsey Abramson, Max. 55 Crawford Kapland, S., 508 N. Main Bachtman, Jacob, 319 Main Katz, Heyman, 303 N. Main Blankstein, I.. 67 Bellinghain Klein, S., 108 Charleston Av. Block, Louis, 388 Social 1 H JEWISH PUBLICATION SOCIETY 429

Botkowsky, Ashel, 463 Park AT. Levine, Louis, 27 N. Main Rhode Brown, Wolf, 1 Israel Mack, Harry, 613 Grove Island Cole, Adolph, 305 Social Mack, Joseph, 63 Logee Colltz, Abraham, 174 Green Michaelson, A., 164 Grove Daniels, I. L., 22 W. School Norman, H., 554 Front Droll, Morris, 258 Providence Oppenheimer, H. S., 413 Summer Dworkic, Harry, 67 Logee Rabinovitz, E., 24 Rathbun Falk, Jos. C, 174 Greene Schlansky, Sam'l, 564 Coe Falk, Nathan, 266 Park PI. Schwartz, Jos., 261 Elm Golden, Sam'l, 55 Polo Shalowitz, Abe, 135 Blicbstines Goldflne, Max, 79 Mason Shalowitz, H. G., 661 N. Main Greenberg, M., 63 Polo Shapero, A., 70 Polo Kamorofr, Sam., Box 140 Shatter, Isaac, 44 Blackston Kibrik, I., 67 Logee Sheir, M., 256 Park Av. Kotler, Sam, 67 Logee Silberman, Rev. M., 284 Elm Lasarus, Philip, 516 B. School Terkel, Albert, 59 Hamlet Av. Levein, J. J.t 202 Providence Treitel, S. J., 74 Main

SOUTH CAROLINA South Bennettsville Volaski, J. A., 163 Rutledge Carolina Strauss, Simon Williams, II. J., 4 Glebe Columbia Charleston Cassel, Isidor, 2305 Park Banov, Dr. Leon, 24 Warren Kohn, August, 1614 Gervais Brown, Z., 354 King Tree of Life Sunday School, care of Cohen, D.. 201 East Bay Miss Berman, Hampton and Bull Fechter, H., 558 King Fromberg, H. M., 589 King Florence Fromberg, Joe, 589 King Cohen, A. A. Furchgott, M., 20 Meeting Sulzbacher, Isaac Goldsmith, Momar, 36 Rutledge Av. Hepler, J. H., 601 King Hlrschman. Henry, 11 Montague Greenville Hoffman, A. J., 201 East Bay Campel, H., 222 N. Main Hornik, M., 152 Rutledge Endel, Mrs. Hyman, 329 N. Main Jacobs, Louis, 248 Rutledge Meyers, A. B., P. O. Box 688 Jewish Council of Women, care of Rothschild, L. Mrs. H. Hirschmann, 11 Montague Karesh, J. L., 3 Warren Llchtenstein, Louis, 148 King St. Matthews Loeb, Mrs. Lee, 128 Wentworth Loryea, J. II. Mayers, David, 357 King; Mendelsohn, I. M., 298 King Pearlstine, Shep. Mordecai, Miss Gertrude, 93 Rut- ledge Spartanburg Mordecal, T. M., 47 Broad Miller, Joseph Nathan, M. H., 56 St. Phillip Price, Isidore Nathans, J. M.. 3 College Patla, J. A., 414 King Sumter Pearlstein, Chas. L., 25 George Alpert, L. Plnkussonn, J. S., 161 Calhoun Moise, Davis D. Robinson, Michael, 589 King Strauss, A. A. Simonhoff, H., 495 King Strauss, I Steinberg, S.. 145 Coming Strauss, I. C. Tobias, A., 170 East Bay Triest, Montague. 119 Wentworth Turtletaub, J., 455 King Walterboro Visanska, Mrs. J. M., 12 Bull Karesh, A. S. 115 430 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

South SOUTH DAKOTA Dakota Ipswicn Lead Tre Fethren, B. B. Friedwald, Max

Tennessee TENNESSEE Bristol Benjamin, A. H., 720 Jefferson Block, Alex, 1620 Carr Av. Simon, H. J., 211 Johnson Bluthenthal, H., 1252 Peabody Av. Boshwitz, Julius, 86 Porter Bldg. Chattanooga Burchart, I., 672 Alabama Adler, H. C. Clemont, L. K., 416 Union Av. Cantor, H., 8 Early Cohn, Harry, 1597 Carr Cohn, H., 226 Houston Cossitt Library, Chas. D. Johnson, Diamond, M., 18 College Libr. Edelsteln, A., 835 Chestnut Dinkelspiel, Max, 1246 Vinton Fine, J. M., 415 W. 6th Dreyfus, Albert, 825 Adams Av. Goodman, H., Jr., 521 Market Ellman, Geo., 3 Camilla Jacobs, E., 721 Cherry Fineshriber, Rev. Dr. \V. H., 89 Josephs, Soly, 117 Early N. Bellevue Blvd. Kreissman, I. S., 729 Georgia Av. Fortas, J., 241 Hill McCallie, Rev. T. S., r.00 Beech Gates, Elias, 257 S. Pauline Mizpah Cong., H. Goodman, Jr.. Gerstel, M., 275 S. 3d Pres. Goldbaum, E. L., 420 Union Av. Rosenthal, Chas., 636 E. 5th Goldsmith, Miss Sadie, 696 Vance Schwartz, H., 403 Cherry Goodman, B., 749 Poplar Av. Silverman, Annie, 414 Cedar Goodman, Julius. 1291 Carr Av. Silverman, M. H., 608 Long Ilaase, Chas., 1209 Peabody Silverman, Sam., Box 02 Heilbronner, Max, 257 Lewis Slabosky, A., 301 W. 9th Hirsch, Samuel, 658 Poplar Steiner, J., 606 Cedar Hirsh, Benj. W., Cotton Ex. Bids. Wassman, Emil, Theresa Hotel Horn, Abraham. 343 Vance Winer, H. A.. 11 Early Isenberg, Saul, 249 Lewis Winer, Harry, 606 W. 6th Jacobson, L., 172 S. Main Kabakoff, Ellias, 602 S. Main Kabakoff, Harry, 847 Arkansas Av. Columbia Katz, H., 1354 Vinton Av. Barker, L. Kullmann. I., 1084 Peabody Av. Barker, Wm. Lowenstein, E. Lazarus, Ben Mayor, M. H., 1556 Poplar Av. Tape, L. G., 500 Pontotoc Av. Jackson Pelser, Max, 101 N. 3d Harris, A., 517 S. Royal Peres, Israel FL, 1350 Peabody Av. Woemer, N. J., 333 S. Royal Samuels. H. J.. 244 N. McNeill Rchetzer, Jos., 328 Winchester Knoxville Schlesinger, M., 270 N. Main Bloom, Henry, 202 E. Vine Av. Solomon, Henry, 1038 Union Av. Caplan, Isaac, 1225 W. 5th Av. Sommerfield, J., 273 S. Pauline Finkelstein, Max, 414 E. Park Steinberg, D., 569 Poplar Av. Leventhal, A., 712 S. Gay Steinberg, Samuel, 636 Poplar Av. Milton, George F., Jr.. Circle Park Sternburger, Jos., 262 Lewis Rosenthal, D. A., Box 252 Sternburger, Leon, 1258 Peabody Av. Memphis Teitlebaum, A., 1264 Peabody Av. Wachskurtz, S., 142 S. Main LIBRARY MEMBER Wahrhaflig, H., 24 S. Main Newburger, Jos., 182 S. Belvedere Weil, Burton B., 302 Stonewall PI. ANNUAL MEMBERS Nashville Baunian, Sam, 575 Poplar Av. Bernheim, R. M., 836 4th Av., S. Becker, Miss Babette, 481 Vance Bernstein, C, 2005 Broadway Av. Cohen, R., 19th and Hayes ^ 116 JEWISH PUBLICATION SOCIETY 431

Cohn, Henry, 800 8th Av. Leftevich, Louis, West End Park Tennessee Cohn, Nathan, 919 16th Av. Levy, Sam, 222 Public Sq. Cong. Children of Israel, 89 N. Lewinthal, Rev. Isidore, 106 20th Bellevue Av. Av., S. Epstein, J. H., 2003 Broad Fensterwald, Jos., 112 7th Av. Loventhal, Lee J., 120 Lyle Av. Prank, James M., 204 4th Av. Meyer, H. A., 2212 Patterson Prank, Joseph, 1912 West End Av. Morse, I. B., 27 Clarendon Plats Friedman, Sam, 410 Broadway Salzman, Rev. H., Vauxhall Annex Haas, A., 2215 Balmond Blvd. Schwartz, H., 1414 4th Av., N. Hertzka, E. S., 1025 Stainbach Av. Schwartz, Leo, 2414 Vanderbilt PI. Hertzka, I. H., Vauxhall Annex Schwarz, City Market Hertzka, M. B., 1120 Stainbach Av. Solinsky, Harris, 1916 West End Av. Hlrsch, Sam, 2421 West End Av. Sulzbacher, W. P., 119 5th Av. Jonas, L. Weinstein, Joe, 506 Gay Lefkovits, J., 705 Demonbrem Zibont, S. C, 701 Church

TEXAS Texas Austin ANNUAL MEMBERS Davis, M., 306 W. 6th Baron, I., 1604 S. Okard Davis, Nelson Cohn, H. J., 1811 Park Row Goodstein, D. A., 608 Blanco Dreyfuss, G. Grad, Bennett, 1046 10th Engelberg, Sam, 1501 S. Pearl Heidenheimer, I., Jr., 1508 Colorado Eppstein, Max, 1300 Jackson Koen, Joe, 409 E. 95th Garonzik, P., 1315 Wall Rosenbaum, Rabbi David, 1100 La- Goldstein, Aaron, 1201 St. Louis vaca Goodman, Charles Rypinski, L., 502 N. 18th Greenburg, Rev. Dr. Wm. H., Park Seelig, E., 705 W. 10th Hotel Stern, J. Hexter, J. K., 3409 Colonial Av. Kahn, E. M. Beaumont Karchmer, E., 1809 S. Okard Kleinman, Louis, 1209 Cadiz Lederer, S., 837 Magnolia Av. Kramer, Arthur L., 3303 Colonial Rosinger, Rabbi S., 751 Sabine Pass Av. Av. Lewin, E., 3236 Gunter Liebman, R., 711 Browden Brownsville Lipshitz, J., 2313 Elm Eowalskl, Benjamin Lipsitz, Louis, Orient Hotel Margulis, Aaron, 2221 N. Haywood Brownwood Marks, Samuel, 1301 S. Okard Brim, Sam. Miller, Sam, 1801 Gould Pike, Edgar L. Calvert Rubenstein, A., 2225 Caroline Marx, M. Sanger, Alex. Ryman, H. M. Sigel. Harry. 2504 Elm Weisberg, Alex., 2716 S. Eway Clarksville Bloom Bros. El Paso Bogdanov, Dave, P. O. Box 764 Alexander, Dr. E. Jankowitch, S. Aronstein, Mrs. S., 628 W. Boule- Rosenfleld Bros., P. O. Box 1425 vard Stolaroff, A. Corsicana Stolaroff, Mrs. J., 819 N. Oreson Cerf, I. N. Zielonka, Rabbi Martin, 721 N. Oregon Dallas Ennis Cerf, I. SPECIAL MEMBERS Freeman, P. Hexter, Victor H., 1420 S. Okard Jolesch, Isaac Rose, I. E., 174 Elm Raphael, Edmond, Ennls Ellis Co. 28 117 432 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

Texas Fort 'Worth Sons and Daughters of Zion, care of Bath, Felix P. Wm. Zinn, Pres. Blumenthal, Chas., 515 W. Belknap Zander, Sam, 613 19th Borschow, Mrs. M., 120 St. Louis Zlnn, Sam T., 2602 I Av. Brown, D. Greenville Colton, Mrs. J. D. Glassman, Sam Cong. Ahavath Sholom, 109 W. Hopper, Valerie, 1915 N. Stonewall Weatherford Schftf, Ed. Eppstein, M. L., Eppsteln Bldg. Houston Gens, T., 650 Bryan Av. Gernsbacher, H., 1415 Texas Prince, H., 1404 Capital Grelnes, J. S., 1317 Boulevard Sakowltz, MJrs. Simon, 1612 La Jewish Women's Council, Mrs. Branche Nettle Stiefel, 1306 W. 13th Jefferson Joseph, Sam A., 9th & Houston Levy Bros., 710 Penn Av. Armlstead, W. T. Mayer, Max K.. 700% Houston Mehl, Abe M., 1205 W. 5th Marlin Mehl. I. N. Levl, Mrs. Lily P. Simon. A. M.. 404 Henderson Levy, Mrs. E. M. Toub, M., 25th & Columbia Maypearl Galveston Borschow, E. SPECIAL MEMBERS Mineola Block, Louis, 1804 Ball Av. Bromberg, I. G. Neethe, John, 2002 Av. L. Mount Pleasant ANNUAL MEMBERS Badt, J. M. Bell, H. N., 1402 Av. N Greenspun, Max Bleich, Mrs. M. N., Market and 28th Block, Jules, 2124 Av. M Palestine Bonart, Jos., 2710 J Brooks, Sam D. Bonaut, Ben, 2518 Market Horwits, Mrs. H., 211 S. Sycamore Brock, Moritz Klein, M. N. Brown, H., 2619 Av. 0% Maier, S. Coben, Rev. Henry Myers, P. F. Cohen, Robert I., 1704 31st Paris Cong. B'nal Israel, care of Maurice Gross, Secy. Goldman, Louis Dorfman, J., 2317 Av. H Rockdale Ephralm, E., 2119 Broadway Farb, Jacob, 2512 Av. H Loewensteln, B. Fox, Ph., 2313 Market Frankel, Chas., 2424 Av. L San Antonio Hauser, I., 2618 Av. K Baer, Leon A., 127 W. Evergreen Kauffman, Abe, 2412 Market Burg, Dr. S., 226 S. Monumental Klein, M., 2514 Av. F Dolkowitz, Sam, 1508 Main Av. Kopprel, Moritz O. Dolkowitz, Sol., 619 San Pedro Av. Lakowltz, T., 2010 Av. F Eldridge, S. C, 241 W. Commerce Levey, M., 1808 Post Office Freed, L. A., 218 E. Park Av. Lovenberg, I., 2112 Sealy Hertzberg, Harry, 521 N. Macon Meyer, H. B., 1608 Church Jewish Literary Club, 204 W. Com- Patten, Frank C, care of Rosenberg merce Library Joske, Alex. Rauch, Henry, 3322 Av. H. Karotkin, Max, 318 W. Commerce Schornstein, J., 2421 Market Milgroom, M., 220 Arsenal Schram, M., 2609 Av. I Oppenheim, Jesse D., 309 Main Silberman, Louis, 2211 Post Office Sadovsky, Barney, 107 N. Center Singer, J.. 2220 Av. M Schaenfleld, Dave, 116 S. Flores 118 JEWISH PUBLICATION SOCIETY 433

Stone, Irvln R., 225 W. Cypress Fleishner, L., E. Erwin Texas Washer, N. M. Ginsburg, I. H., P. O. Box 494 Wolfe, Jake, care of J. Oppenhelm Goldsticker, Leo and Co. Golenternek, A. Heffler, H. Sherman Klein, B. Exstein, Isaac Lipstate, J. Exstein, Jacob Myer, Jacob Sulphur Springs Ostrow, M. P. Yesner, M. Wadel. B. Taylor Felner, Lionel, 416 Porter Victoria Dreyfus, Ben. Texarkana Cooperman, S., 619 Spruce Eldridge, J. Waco Feinberg, L. S. Berkman, A., 526 N. 5th Friedman, N. Berlowitz, M., 1017 N. 9th Getzler, Jos. Cohen, H. B., 1225 N. 7th Heilbron, Louis, 521 Maple Goldstein, I. A. Krouse. Leo Goodman, B. M., 310 Murray Levy, A., Gross, Abe, 1709 Austin Marx, Mrs. C, 523 Pine Marcovitch, Noah, 904 N. 8th Rosenberg, D., 7th and Indiana Av. Tyler Rosenberg, J. M., 415 Washington Bruck, S. Sanger, Alex H., 1820 Washington Cohen, Barney, 231 N. Borden Sanger, Sam Eisen, A., E. Erwin Wise, Dan, 1200 Washington

UTAH Utah Ogden Axelrad, S., 456 E. 6th Bernstein, D.. 28 Commercial Albert, EL, 210 25th Block, Nate, 28 E. 1st, S. Benowitz, Win., 2858 Grant Av. Blumberg, J., 103 S. State Brody, J., 148 25th Daniels, Max, Rex Theatre Cohen, Rebecca, 255 27th Finkelstein, H., 322 5th Av. Goldberg, A., 1712 Washington Av. Frank, Arthur, 216 E. 3d, S. Kaplan, Sol. J., 2684 Washington Freund, Rabbi Chas. J., 524 E. 2d, Kline, Sam, 317 24th Fruinkin, I., 576 Hamilton PI. Korb, Harry, 2539 Grant Av. Frumkin, Julius, 1172 Brigham Kraives, Joe, 1900 Washington Av. Ganz, Harry, 5 Prescott Apts. Kreines, David, 2767 Grant Av. Lewinsohn, Jos. L., 833 Kearns Reinsheiber, Harry, 2345 Washing- Bldg. ton Av. Lipkis, Dr. O., 303 Templeton Bldg. Rosenbluth, Henry, 352 25th Lund, A. Wm., 60 E. South Temple Rosenthal, D., 280 25th Magid, J., 2 Ivanhoe Apts. Schonfeld, A., 2279 Washington Av. Meyer, Dr. Theo., P. O. Box 1006 Turk, David L., 2369 Washington Ottenheimer, Max, 4 Dorins Apts. Av. Provol, J. H., 378 5th Av. Weisberg, Hyman, 2614 Lincoln Av. Public Library, care of J. H. Sprague Reinshreiber, J., 256 S. State Salt Lake City Rhode, Geo., care of Auerbach Co. SPECIAL MEMBER Roe, Harry H., 123 S. 3d, E. Rosenbaum Bros., 904 E. South Spira, Solon, 18 Gravesford Apts. Temple Rosenblatt, N., 566 S. State ANNUAL MEMBERS Schiller, Herbert, 329 S. 6th, E. Alexander, Daniel, Commercial Club Shapiro, J., 666 E. 2d, S. Armovltz, J. B., 55 E. 2d, S. Simon, Sig., 30 W. 2d, S. 119 434 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

Utah Singerman, L., Bradford Clo. Shop Spitz. David, 1073 E. 2d, S. Smullyan, Dr. I. Clarence, Covey Weinsteln, E., 41% S. Main Apts. Zeigler, Mrs. P., 38 S. Main Virginia VIRGINIA Alexandria Phoebus Schneider, H., 208 King Cooper, M. S. Saunders, I. A., 11 Mallory Berryvllle Scheuer, Louis Portsmouth Crockin, M. M., 265 High Crockin, Nathan Charlottesville Pass, Isaac, 805 Court Kaufman, M. Karp, Wm., 5th and Henry Oberdorfer, P. B. Lasting, S., County St.

Danville Richmond Greenberg, Harry S., 746 Wilson Adelanski, Jacob, 733 N. 31st Beth Ahabah Remembrance Library Binswanger, H. S., 2220 Monument Lynchburg Av. Goodman, Leon, 516 Victoria Av. Binswanger, M. I., The Shenandoah Guggenheimer, Max, Jr. Apts. Lazarus, L., 1415 Harrison Bloomberg, Harold S., 1133 Mutual Rosenthal, M. BIdg. Calisch, Rev. E. N., 2702 Monument Av. Newport News Clark, Emile, 2204 West Grace Austrian, John, 3105 Washington Cohen, Alfred E., 832 E. Main Av. Hutzler, Chas., 315 E. Broad Graff, E. J., 2700 Madison Hutzler, H. S., 1 N. 10th Levinson, I., 2613 26th Hutzler, Mrs. Leroy, 1910 Grove Morewitz, H. C, & Bro. Av. Karp, Dr. Lazarus, 114 W. Grace Levy, Dr. E. C, 216 Sharer Norfolk Lichtenstein, J., 1700 B. Main Altschul, Benj., 133 Graydon Park Lowenstein, Jacob, 416 N. 7th Birlin, Dr. Lewis, 464 Freemason Nelson, Leon M., 1845 West Grace Crockin, H., 480 Church Rosenbloom, Abe J., 2012 Monument Crockin, Jacob, 561 Church Av. Ellison, Daniel. 221 Water Whitlock, Philip, 205 E. Grace Friedberg, S., 80 Commerce PI. Goodman, D. H., 322 Colonial Av. Legum, Isaac W., 816 W. Highland Roanoke Av. Kahm, D., Dept. Store Legum, J. R., 900 Liberty Levinson, Simon, 3 S. Jefferson Levy, Morris, 316 Raleigh Av. Simon, Samuel, 22 Salem Av. Mendelsohn, Dr. L., 384 Main Salzberg, Leon, 361 Church Staunton Samler, D., 358 Church Schreier, Eugene, 305 Mowbray Shultz, Albert Seldner, A. B., 1000 Stackley Gar- dens Suffolk Shefsky, L., 15 Washington Altschul, Victor, 119 Main Spigel, Benjamin, 422 Chapel Herman. B., 923 Washington Petersburg West Point Gellman Bros., 213 Sycamore Morvitz and Cabe 120 JEWISH PUBLICATION SOCIETY 435

WASHINGTON Washington Seattle Spokane Eckstein, N., care of Schwabacher Religious School of Temple Emanu- Bros. & Co. El, care of Dr. D. Levine, 1723 Friedenthal, Sol., 515 Broadway Borne Av. Harris, David L., 2008 Washington Kreielsheimer Bros., 200 1st Av., S. Lang, .T. C, care of National Gro- Tacoma cery Co. Jacob, Mrs. Meyer, 308 N. Eye Prottas, Sol., 2306 2d Av. Rosenbaum, Lewis N., 209 Oriental Bank Wenatchee Silver, Harry, 715 2d Av. Smith, Harry, care of Columbia Stern, Leopold, 930 16th Av., N. Hotel West WEST VIRGINIA Virginia Charleston Mound sville Galprin, Hyman, 328 Laidley Bachenheimer, M. Heller, Rabbi Nachman, 208 Whit, taker Silverstein, A. P., 315 Bibhy Weston Blumberg, H. Charlestown Kahn, William Wheeling Palmbaum, M., and Bro. SPECIAL MEMBER Elkins Rice, S. M., 1300 Main SPECIAL MEMBER Golden, Dr. Wm. M. ANNUAL MEMBERS Baer, Ben S., Virginia and Front AN.NUAL MEMBER Barker, I. E., Virginia Apts. Brill, Raftbi Abr., 43 Poplar Av. Klein, A. Crone, Max, 25 Virginia Av. Grafton ITorkheimer, Morris Caplan, H. A., 6 E. Main Kraus. David. 410 N. Front Friedman, F. Sonneborn, M. Klein, I. C. Wolf, C. J., 944 Main

WISCONSIN Wisconsin Appleton Stone, Ben., 306 State Gerechter, ReY. Emanuel, 671 Wash- Stone, S. J.. 1115 Bushnell ington Goldjerg, E. Louisr Appleton Thea- Grantsburg ter Dunn, Rev. D. Ralph Hammel, David, 682 Washington Hammel, Jacob Green Bay .Tacobson, A. L., 875 Oneida Levitas. Dr. I. E.. Navarino Flat Kiss, A. L., 769 College Roseman, M., SOS Cherry Lyon, M. Sauber, Wm., 635 Cherry Ornsteln, A., 764 College Av. Sklar, H., 408 Elm Spitz, Jos., 680 Park Av. Sugerman, L. E., College Av. Janesville Rotstein, S., 72 S. River Beloit Rubin, Geo. A., 1415 Pleasant Goldstein, S., 612 Hackett Levy, L., 321 E. Grand Av. Kenosha Selensky, R.. 205 E. Grand Av. Conn, L., 354 Market Sternlicht, A., 1115 Bushnell Epstein, E., 209 Main 121 436 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

Wisconsin Goldberg, II. L., 364 Market Coplin, Chas., 461 14th Gottlieb, Jacob. 689 Exchange De Nosaquo, S., 439 7th Kronson, J., 352 Market Eckstein, Henry, 101 Free Press Lebensohn, M. P., 617 Market Bldg. Pious, Louis, 157 Market Eckstein, S. A., care of Wright's Pious, Morris, 65 Grogan Drug Store Rosenblum, J. D., 412 Pomeroy Epstein, Theodort, 705 6th Stern, J., 170 Main Freund, Charles, 401 Summit Av. Gardner, H., 197 Prospect Av. Madison Gllcksman, Nathan, 485 Terrace Av. Ellman, Geo., 114 E. Mifflin Goldberg, Dr. M., 629 Vliet Engelhardt, E., 309 State Gollusch, nenry, 91 Michigan Feldman, J., 1401 University Av. Gratz, Dr. Chas.. 479 12th Jastrow, Mrs. Joseph, 237 Langdon Greenberg, I., 962 1st Kailen, B.. 827 University Av. Hammel, Leopold, 3009 McKinley Kasdin, Saul, 234 Lakeside Blvd. Kay, Dr. H. M., 827 University Heller, L. H., 116 13th Av. Heller, Simon, 1921 Grand Av. Levltan, Sol., State and Dayton I-Iirschberg, Joseph, 397 Summit Av. Richman, Sam. B., 22 E. Mifflln Hirshberg, Eev. Samuel, 543 Mur- Sinaiko, Albert, 802 Mound ray Av. Sinaiko, Alex., 80S Chandler Kaufman, A. M., 618 1st Sinaiko, Sam., 716 W. Main Kerzin, Dr. Jas., 466 11th Av. Sinaiko, Saul, 1215 Mound Klein, Edward L., 614 Milwaukee Sinaiko, Wm.. 520 S. Park Landauer, Adolph, 358 Broadway Woldenberg, S. A., 519 Lake Landauer, Max, 290 Prospect Av. Levine, Harry, 100 E. Cherry Linitzky, E. E., 681 13th Marinette Mallen, Benesh, 326 Chestnut Colion, L., 812 Well Marks, Caesar, 368 21st Feldsteln, Chas.. 1634 Main Marks, Harry, 215 24th Friedsteln, H., Main Markson, Dr. S. M., 479 12th Goodman. Wm., 1006 Blalnp Mayer, J., 312 Yalne Weksler, S., 346 Marinetie Av. Mllw. Baron Hirsch Lodge, care of J. Previant, Secy. 592 12th Medford Montwid, V., 298 Oth Shapiro, Jacob Mosher, Alexander, 593 1st Muller, Morris, 250 Pleasant Milwaukee Muskat. Louis, 677 3d Nahin, Dr. H. L., 832y2 5th LIFE MEMBEII Neuman, J. H., 522 Terrace Av. Friend, J. E., 657 Astor Pereles, Tlios. J., 535 Astor Polacheck, J., 309 22d SPECIAL MKMBICIIS Poss, Ben.1., 869 Shepard Av. Rubin. Jacob IT., 188 22d Poss, Jacob, 191 25th Schoen, Geo. B., 1706 State Rabinovitch. Sam'l, 656 24th SIdenlierg, Paul, 351 E. Water Religious School Temple Emanu-El, Waldheim. V., 478 Terrace Av. B'way and Martin Werba, Henry, 621 Chestnut Reitman, Leo. 763 16th Rich, A. W., 638 Astor Rothman, David, 486 6th ANNUAL MEMBEHS Rottman, M. B., 718 Cherry Aarons, Chris. L., 300 Onklnnd Av Rubin, Wm., 9 Cauker Bldg. Aarons, Lehman, 349 E. Water Saltzstein, B. F., 302 Cudahy Apts. Ascher, Max, 306 Newberry Blvd. Raltzstein. .Tr>s.. 778 Racine Birnbaum, A., 743 3d Sax Bros., 316 Chestnut Blrnbaum, W. B.. 1318 Chestnut Soble, J., 2726 Chestnut Bornstein, Max. 733 Central Av. Soref, Hairy, 369 3d Cohen, David, 94S 5th Stern. Morris, 800 y, 27th Cohen, Jonas, 260 Broadway Stone. Nat., 544 Summit Av. Cohen, Louis, 702% 7th Strauss, Isaac G.. 723 28th Cohn, Dr. A. J., 121 Wisconsin Sure, Dr. J. H., 213 Farwell

1 OO JEWISH PUBLICATION SOCIETY 437

Tabor, Mrs. L. L., 237 Prospect Av. Grollman, Mrs. S., 7 Lucius Flats Wisconsin Teller, A., 744 Hackett Av. Haas, I., 1119 Park Av. Ullman, Leo, 375 31st Kabaker, Jos., 5 Lucius Flats Weiscopf, Arthur S., 1608 State Klein, Kal., 1121 Park Av. Wetzler, S. Fred., 261 26th Mankowitz, H., 710 Lake Wetzler, Dr. S. H., 631 Grand Av. Weinberg, B., 806 Lafayette Av. Wollhelm. H. S.. 306 21st Oshkosh Ripon Baker, M. H., 220 Franklin Strauss, Edw. M. Block, Morris, 196 N. Park Callln, D. S., 9th and Oregon Shefcoygan Cohn, A. A., 69 Main Edelson, Rev. Louis, 628 8th Max, Mayer, 326 St. Clair Gollin, Nathan, 1209 Oregon Paykel, J., 716 N. 8th Wallach, H. L., Oregon Zolkovltz, Max, 1013 Oregon Superior Josephs, S. Y., 1306 Tower Av. Racine Shapiro, Louis M., 1905 John SPECIAL MEMBER Siegel, A., 1124 Hammond Av. Revken, A., 1535 Wisconsin Siegel, Mrs. E., 1319 Hammond Av. ANNUAL MEMBEBS Watertown Alshuler, Frank, 801 Lake Av. Liebermann, Albert B., 204 W. Davidson, D., 1425 Park Av. Church AUSTRALIA Albert Park, Victoria Footscray, Victoria Australia Malenski, I., Langridge Benjamin, L., 01 Bunbnry Auckland, New Zealand Melbourne, Victoria Phillips, Louis, 27 Vermont, Pon- Altson, B. H., Altson's Corner sonby Barnett, Nahum, Elizabeth Casper, E., 272 Bourke Ballarat, Victoria Friedman, M. M., Madeline Goldstein, Miss L., 143 Flinders Levy, Rev. M. M., 16 E Lane Rosenthal, Mrs. Mark, 8 Victoria Harris, A. (J. P.), Elizabeth Isaacs, Justice, nigh Court of Brisbane, Queensland Australia Blumberg, D. Isaacson, Michael, 14 Cimen Blumberg, J., Wellington Rd. Jacobs, Isaac. Cromwell Bldg. Blumberg, J. A., Wellington Rd. Jacobs, L., 18 Queens Rd. Frankel, P., 114 Edward Jonah, Dr. J. L., University of Hertzberg, A. M., Charlotte Melbourne Hertzberg, Abraham Lenzer, Rev. J., 225 Victoria Pa- Levy, Rev. A., Stephens Rd. rade, E. Melbourne Phillips, S., Stephens Rd. Library " Kadimah," care of J. Rochlin, 116 Hotham, E. Mel- bourne Brunswick, Victoria Rochlin. J., 116 Hotham, E. Mel- Levy, P., 124 Brunswick Rd. bourne Rothberg, S., 159 Park Carlton, Victoria Slutzkin, S., Gayner Ct. Mutz, A., 486 Lygon North Fitzroy, Victoria Berner, L., 4 York PI. Diraedin, Victoria Kirsner, Mrs. Jacob, 140 Brunswick Theomin, D. E., Aloorton Rothstadt, L., 417 Brunswick 123 438 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

Australia St. Kilda, Victoria Glass, Philip. Queens Rd. P.laski, G. L., Burnett Goodman, A. S., 175 High Cohen, H., 60 Barkly Kemelfield, B., 36 Canterbury Rd. Danglov, Rev. Jacob, S. Leonards Myers, E. B., 32 Lock Av. Pizer, S., 12 Charnwood Rd. Englander, J., " Hcrmat," Dickens Price, L., " Lyneside," Dickens St. Austria AUSTRIA Prague, Bohemia Altschul, Hugo, 22 Karlsgasse, Lizkov, Prague

Belgium BELGIUM Antwerp Goldschmidtt, Albert, care of Lewy and Goldschmidt Camilla CANADA Bridgewater, Ontario Freedman, Max, L'3 Shcrbrooke, E. Gardner, B., 130 Crescent Ducoffe, M. Godinsky, Nathan II., 11 Souvenir Av. Edmonton, Alberta Hart, Alan, 600 Argyle Av., West- Edmonton Hebrew Literary Ins., mount Jacobs, Archie, 00 Crescent Hamilton, Ontario Kussnc, I., 31 St. Louis Sq. Lazarus, T. L. Levi, Jack, 157 Notre Dame, W. Monblatt, Miss W., 139 .Tamos, N. Levin, A., 502 St. Paul Shacofsky, Myer, 35 Wilson Levitt, B., 74") Cadieux Sweet, Dave, 18 Merrick Livingstone, I. II., 063 Tupper Sisenvvine, Chas., 94 Crescent Vosberg, H., 566 St. Lawrence Kenora, Ontario Workman, Mark, 119 Hutchinson Shragge, A., P. O. Box 324 ANNUAL MEMBERS Massey, Ontario Abramowitz, Rev. Dr. II., 211 Stan- Sadowski, David ley Adelstein, J. L., 48 Drolet Lunenburg, Nova Scotia Adelstein, Louis, 215 St. Lawrence Blvd. Bachman, G. A. Albert, J.. 53 St. Catherine, W. Whitehouse, Max D. Albert, Moses, 271 St. Lawrence Blvd. Montreal, Quebec Alexander, A. J., 504 St. Paul LIBKAKY MEMBERS Aronson, K., 12 Oxenden Av. Cohen. Lazarus. 228 Bishop Baron de Hirsch Institute, 410 Darwin, Maurice Paul, 361 Roslyn Bleury Av., Westmount Berkson, J., 1507 Mance Beseur, Joseph H.. 1196 St. Urbain Blaustein, S., 10 St. Peter SPECIAL MEMBERS Boronow, Richard, 79 St. Matthew Boas, M., 366 Sherbrooke, E. Boulkind, S., 91 Ontario Cohen, I., 4262 Western Ay. Brown, 1<\, lla Sherbrooke, E. Freedman, Albert, 354 Oliver Av., Budyk, Dr. J., 896 St. Lawrence Westmount Blvd. Freedman, H. W., 226 St. Joseph Cohen, A. Z., 460 Argyle Av., West- Blvd., Westmount mount 124 JEWISH PUBLICATION SOCIETY 439

Cohen, Lyon, 8 Tower Av. Lande, Nathan, 482 Strathcona Av., Canada Crown, Myer, 87 Anderson Westmount Darwin, B. A., 48 Dorchester, W. Lang, H., 677 St. Urbain Davis, Harry E., 376 Elm Av., Lauterman, Dr. M., 196 Peel Westmount Leavitt, A., 7 Queen de Sola, Clarence I., 180 St. James Levi, D., 460 Mount Stephen de Sola, Rev. Meldola, 338 Sher- Levin, M. L,., 991 St. Drbain brooke, W. Levinoff, H. M., 20 N. Pine Av., W. Diamond, J., 582 St. Denis Levinson, Jos., 4181 Sherbrooke, Dreyfus. Henry, 3 Plateau Plats Westmount Eagle Pub. Co., The, Ltd., care of Levitt, M., 22 Pine Av., A. H. Wolfosky, 508 St. Lawrence Levy, David, 86 Shuter Blvd. Levy, Louis, 74 Laval Av. Eliasoph, M. B., 10 St. Peter Liverman, Max, 69 St. Famille Elkin, J., 61 Esplanade Av. Ltvlnson, N. Jacob, 189 Crnig, E. Ellison, C. Margolese, Louis S., 151 St. James Falick, Abraham. 394 Mitcheson Margolick, M., 161 Mount Royal Av. Fineberg, Zlgmond, 36 Shuter Mendelsohn, S., 134 Laval Av. Fisher, Chas., 98 Bogg Mendelssohn, Joseph, 948 City Hall Fi-eedman, Isidore, 4266 Western Av. Av. Moaris, A. E., 48 Westmount Av. Gittleson, A. L., 913 St. Denis Montefiore Club, care of L. H. Ja- Glickman, Dr. A., 33 Drolet cobs, 399 Guy Glickman, I., 95 Shutpr Myers, S. P., 552 St. Catherine Glickman, Moses J.. 28 Hiitchinson Nathanson, Henry, 1072 St. Law- Glickman, Philip, 40 St. Louis Sq. rence Goldberg, Max, 508 St. Paul Ness, R., 763 St. Lawrence Goldman, Dr. I., 2342 Mance Ortenberg, Dr. Sam'l, 772 St. Goldman, Leon, 23 Esplanade Av. Urbain Goldstein, B., 267 Bishop Payaner, Mrs. M.. 99 St. Elizabeth Goldstein, M., Royal Ins. Bldg. Pierce, A., 463 Alt. Pleasant Av., Gordon, C. J., 1651 Hiitchinson Westmount Gordon, Rev. Nathan, 130 Crescent Pierce, C, 412 Sanguinet Greenberg, A., 287 Blvd. St. Joseph Pinsler, P., 333 Bleury Harris, A., 633 City Hall Av. Rabinovich, A., 25 Prospect, West- Hart, H., 311 St. Lawrence Blvd. mount Hart, Lewis A., 236 Elm Av. Rose, Isaac, 1003 Tupper Hart, Samuel, 215 Sherhrooke Av. Haskell, S., 346 Notre Dame Rosenberg, C, 60 Sherbrooke, West- Helllig, Lyon, 206 McGill mount Heim, Julius, 308 Coristine Bldg. Roaenthal, S., 2208 St. Urbain Heller, A., 217 St. Lawrence Rubin, C. S., 057 St. Urbain Herzfeld, Will. 107 Pine Av., E. Rubin, Dr. J., 709 St. Urbain Holstein, S., 320 Notre Dame Rubinavich, J. B., 346 Notre Dame Isaacs, Myer J., His St. Lawrence Salomon, D., 1041 Mean Jackel, David, 628 City Hall Av. Sanders, G., 431 McKay Jacobs, Jacob A., 1014 Dorchester, Schuller, Oswald. 43 St.. Sacrament Sebloman, M., 3 Sussex Av. W. Seidman Bros. Co., Eagle Bldg. Jacobs, P., 62 St. Lawrence Blvd. Shapiro, L., 125 St. Lawrence Jacobs, S. A., 1109 Green Av. Ship, Dr. A. B., 198 Bishop Jacobs, S. W., 97 St. James Shmerling, Sam, 43 St. Catherine Jacobson, Miss Etta, 55 Church Sloves, M., 26 Benoit Jospe, J., 466 Sanguinet Sommer, A., 292 St. Catherine Kahn, S., 827 St. Catherine, E. Sperling, John. 120 City Councillors Kellert, J., 242 Bishop Sternklar, S., 52 St. Catherine Kellert, Sol., 351 St. James Talpis, S., 34 St. Louis Sq. Kirsch. David. 323 Ciidieux Tannenbaum, M., Ill Metcalfe Kirschberg, Isaac, 87 Tupper Teplitzky, L., 477 St. Denis Kirschberg, Jos., 489 St. Urbain Vineberg, Harris. 163 St. James Klein, A., 6 Pine Av., A. Vosberg, Snm, 1010 St. Urbain Kortesk, B., 441 St. Paul Weinfeld, John J., 197 Bleury

125 440 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

Canada Weinfield, Henry, 50S Quebec Bank Cohen, Mark G., 558 Huron Cooper, I., 112 Beverly Bldg. Danson, B., 179 Jamison Av. Wener, S., 4155 Western Av. Davis, Lionel, 82 Kendal Av. Young Men's Hebrew Ass'n Dushman, Dr. Saul. 7 Havelick Zecovitch, Peter, 151 St. James Eisman, Kathryn, 133 Ulster Zuckerman, H., 493 Sanguinet Freeman, Abraham, Dowling Apts. Sarnia, Ontario Goldstein, Bernard, 219 Grace Heller Bros., 188 Christiana Granatsteln. I. M., 53 St. Patrick Hertzberg, I., 270 S. Christiana Greenfarb, Sol, 174% Baldwin Rosenberg, S., 127 Emma Harris, J., 123 Queen Stein, Wm., 106 Euphemia Josephl, Miss Kate, 215 Spadina Road Kaplan, Rev. M., 166 John Sherbrooke, Quebec Landsberg, Miss M.. 195 College Echenberg, Jack, 30 King Lavine, Dr. S., 159 Beverly Rosenbloom, J. Levi, Bens. 123 Queen, W. Levintcr. S., 22 Cecil Sydney, Nova Scotia Lewis, Abraham P., 129 Bathurst Nathanson, Jos., 646 Victoria Rd. Merker & Co.. 106 Adelaide, W. Nankin, S., 73 Grosvener Toronto, Ontario Rosenthal, Wm., 503 Palmerstone Blvd. LIBRARY MEMBER Rycus, Mrs. G., 156 Lake Front, Waldman, Louis, 209 John Kew Beacli Scheuer, Edmund, 88 Yonge SPECIAL MEMBERS Simonsky, Simon, 107 Queen Gelber, M., 2S Brunswick Singer, J., 51 Kendall Av. Grossman, S. M., 961A Denison Av. Smith, R., 238 Simcoe Harris, S., 178 Queen Solway, L. J.. 30 St. Patrick Hartman, Louis, 126 D'Arcy Stein, Michael, 3f>6 Queen Levy, Bertha I., 82 Forest Hill Rd. Stone, Barnet, 500 Queen Lorie, Solomon, 48 Clarendon Av. Teich. Davis. 386 Yonge Lubelsky, S., 168 Crawford Vise, David. 351 Bathurst Mehr, S. M., 84 University Av. Willinsky, Dr. A. I., 189 College Pullan, E., SO D'Arcy Pullan, Louis I., 254 Sherbourne Sapera, K. L., 31 St. Patrick Windsor, Ontario Sivitz, II., 34 Cecil Meretskey, A., 37 Mercer Meretskey, S., 24 Assumption ANNUAL MEMBERS Arkush, S. F., U. S. Customs, Union Vancouver, British Columbia Station Farber, Rev. Dr. R., 1506 Robson Cuba CUBA Havana Schechter, M., San Rafael, 27 France FRANCE Paris LIFE MEMBER Weil, Meyer, 10 rue St. Cficile Germany GERMANY Berlin Frankfort-on-the-Main Cohn, Emil, Markgrafen, 30 Kauffmann, Dr. F., Bornestrasse, 41 Levy, William B., 50 Hue Bayreu- therstr., 5 Darmstadt Leipzig Bodenhelmer, Dr. L., Rhelnstrasse Kaufmnnn, M W., den Briihl 65 24 126 JEWISH PUBLICATION SOCIETY 441

JAMAICA, B. W. I. Jamaica, B. W. I. Kingston Myers, Horace, 188 Harbour Dobrin, Rev. A. B. Finzi, Arthur S., Goodwin House, Spanish Town South Camp Rd. Andrade, Jacob A., 22 White Church MEXICO Mexico Mexico City Loeb, Max, Apartado 503

PORTUGAL Portugal St. Miguel, Azores Bensaude, JosS SOUTH AFRICA South Amersfoort, Transvaal Gobeni, Natal Africa Simon, Philip, P. 0. Box 15 Alleson, Arthur Beaconfield, Cape Colony Harrismith, Orange Free State Levinsohn, M., Palmerston Hotel Kahn, M. Hosing, L. Bechuanaland, Cape Colony Yaffshitz, ,H. Sonnenberg, Mrs. M., P. 0. Box 36 Jeppestown, Transvaal Chosak, Israel, P. 0. 215 Benoni, Transvaal Bntine, K. Esq., 260 Market LIFE MEMBERS Hershel, P. O. Box 215 Benoni Dorshei Zlon Association Hillman, W., Marshall St. Kaplan, S., Box 192 Llpshitz, Rev. H., 239 Commissioner Johannesburg, Transvaal Cape Town, Cape Colony Abelhein, Dr. A., Hospital St. Alexander, Advocate M., 86 St. Alexander, B., P. O. Box 2590 George Atkins, A., P. O. Box 3555 Gittin, J., 119 Hatfield Barnett, B., 25 Soper Junior Zionist Socy., 47 Hope Belcher, Lewis L., P. O. Box 952 Kloot, E. H., Public School No. 62 Bernstein, J., P. O. Box 338 Millner, Max, P. O. Box 1467 Chalmovitz, B. J., P. O. Box 2869 Schwartz, I., 4 Gordon Cohen, A. J., P. O. Box 2183 Walt, Morris, 10 Constitution Cohen, N., P. O. Box 2099 Wolf, A., P. 0. Box 646 Executive Council of South African Cape Province Zionist Federation, P. O. Box 18 Fine, E. V., Box 338 Alexander, Prof. Jack, Rhodes Uni- Fine, Mark, 63 Jula versity College, Grahamstown Felnsteln, D., Box 1904 Gesundheit, J., Knapdaav Richmond Frledlander, I., 11 Ockersee Rd. Ginsberg, A., P. O. Box 3158 Miller, A. H., Upington Goldlng, W., P. O. Box 3480 Goodman, I. M., 23 van der Merwe Ficksburg, Orange Free State St., Hlllbrow Pincus, M., Novitgedacht Hebrew High School, P. O. Box 5575 Germiston Hurwitz, Rev. M. S., 43 Hay Guinsbcrg, M., Knight Central G. M. Isaacks, A., P. O. Box 212 Co. Isaacs, J. H., P. O. Box 5575 Kaplanapiai , M., Knight Central G. M. Jacob, care of Chadwick, 30 Del- Co. vers 127 442 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

South Jacobs, J., Box 338 Maresky, J., 25 S. Circular Rd. Africa Tanower, .T.. P. O. Box 5507 Price, Maurice, P. O. Box 376 Johannesburg Zion Association, P. Segal, L., De Beers Rd. O. Box. 2869 Susman, Oscar, Sesheke Northern .Tosselovitz, H.. P. O. Box 2516 Rhodesia, So. Africa Kahn, Miss Lina, Government Jew- ish School Kroonstad, Orange Free State Landau, Rev. Dr. J. L., 23 Hancock Davis, H., Box 40 Lapidus, B.. P. O. Box 3480 Mervls, Ben., Box 18 Levison, I. H., 47 Loveday Levy, Isaac. P. O. Box, 5507 Lorenzville, Transvaal Lichtheim, H., 63 Esselen St. Luria, Dr. O. A., P. O. Box 188 Jacobson, C. I., 26 Sydney Rd. Marcuson, Harry, 39 Twist Pencharz. Bernard. P. O. Box 2590 Minzenberg, Cape of Good Hope Pincus, S., P. O. Box 5249 Emdln, N. Rabb, Ralph, P. O. Box 338 Raphally, S.. P. O. Box 5996 Oudtshoorn, Caps Colony Renvid, M., 39 Esselen Kosengard, Miss Leah, Government Levin, Mark, Commercial House Jewish School Platrand, Transvaal SchlosberK. A., P. O. Box 2025 Shapiro, S.. P. O. Box 1444 Bloch, Louis Smith, A.. P. O. Box 4983 Wilk. A.. 11 O'Reallv Rrl., Berea Port Elizabeth, Cape Colony Woolf, Rev. W., 100 Van Beck Gluckman, J., 49 Cape Road Kiniberley, Cape Colony Pretoria, Transvaal Davis, Advocate Adolf, Alexander Apter, S., George Bldg. Cohen, B.. Bella Vista, Belgravia Freedman, E., Box 668 Cohen, Joe, 54 N. Main Gulnsberg, M., P. O. Box 12 Davidson, J., New Main Phillips, Rev., Synagogue House Diamond. S.. 10 Giddy Grlqualand West Ezrath Zlon Assn., Eoodepoort, Transvaal 2 N. Circular Rd. Isaacs, Rev. II., Synago^uo House Getz, S., P. 0. Box 238 Isaacson, Miss C, P. O. Box 418 Kremer, S., P. O. Box 218 Springs, Transvaal Long, N., care of D. Isaacs & Co. Epstein, S., P. 0. Box 19 Turkey TURKEY Mersina Salonica Nathan, Edward I., The American Cuenca, H., rue Kazaudjilar Consul

128 JEWISH PUBLICATION SOCIETY 443

CHAETEE The terms of the charter are as follows: The name of the corporation is THE JEWISH PUBLICATION SOCIETY OF AMERICA. The said Corporation is formed for the support of a benevolent educational undertaking, namely, for the publication and dissemination of literary, scientific, and religious works, giving instruction in the principles of the Jewish religion and in Jewish history and literature. The business of said corporation is to be transacted in the city and county of Philadelphia. The corporation is to exist perpetually. There is no capital stock, and there are no shares of stock. The corporation is to be managed by a Board of Trustees, consisting of fifteen members, and by the following officers: President, Vice-President, Secretary, and Treasurer, and such other officers as may from time to time be necessary.

129 444 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

BY-LAWS ARTICLE I Membership SECTION I.—The Society shall be composed of Annual Members, Special Members, Library Members, Patrons, Friends, and Life Members. Any person of the Jewish faith may become a Member by paying annually the sum of three dollars ($3), or a Special Member by the annual payment of five dollars ($5), or a Library Member by the annual payment of ten dollars ($10), or a Patron by the annual payment of twenty dollars ($20), or a Friend by the annual payment of fifty dollars ($50), or a Life Member by one payment of one hundred dollars ($100). SEC. II.—Any Jewish Society may become a Member by the annual payment of ten dollars ($10). SEC. III.—Any person may become a Subscriber by the annual payment of three dollars ($3), which entitles him or her to all the publications of the Society to which members are entitled. ARTICLE II Meetings SECTION I.—The annual meeting of this Society shall be held in the month of May, the day of such meeting to be fixed by the Directors at their meeting in the previous March. SEC. II.—Special meetings may be held at any time at the call of the President, or by a vote of a majority of the Board of Directors, or at the written request of fifty members of the Society. 130 JEWISH PUBLICATION SOCIETY 445

ARTICLE III Officers and their Duties SECTION I.—There shall be fifteen Directors, to be elected by the Society by ballot. At the first meeting all of the said fifteen shall be elected, five of them to serve for one year, five for two years, and five for three years, and at every subsequent annual meeting five shall be elected for three years. SEC. II.—Out of the said fifteen, the Society shall annually elect a President, Yice-President, and Second Vice- President, who shall hold their offices for one year. SEC. III.—The Society shall also elect fifteen Honorary Vice-Presidents, in the same manner and for the same terms of office as the Directors are chosen. SEC. IV.—The Board of Directors shall elect a Treasurer, a Secretary, and such other officers as they may from time to time find necessary or expedient for the transaction of the Society's business. SEC. V.—The Board of Directors shall appoint its own committees, including a Publication Committee, which committee may consist in whole or in part of members of the Board. The Publication Committee shall serve for one year.

ARTICLE IV Quorum SECTION I.—Forty members of the Society shall constitute a quorum for the transaction of business. 131 446 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

ARTICLE V Vacancies SECTION I.—The Board of Directors shall have power to fill all vacancies for unexpired terms.

ARTICLE VI Benefits SECTION I.—Every member of the Society shall receive a copy of each of its publications approved by the Board of Trustees for distribution among the members.

ARTICLE VII Free Distribution SECTION I.—The Board of Directors is authorized, to distribute copies of the Society's publications among such institutions as may be deemed proper, and wherever such distribution may be deemed productive of good for the cause of Israel. ARTICLE VIII Auxiliaries SECTION I.—Other associations for a similar object may be made auxiliary to this Society, by such names and in such manner as may be directed by the Board of Directors, and shall have the privilege of representation at meetings. Agencies for the sale and distribution of the Society's publications shall be established by the Board of Directors in different sections of the country. The Society shall have the right to establish branches. 132 JEWISH PUBLICATION SOCIETY 447

ARTICLE IX Finances SECTION I.—Moneys received for life memberships, and donations and bequests for such purpose, together with such other moneys as the Board of Directors may deem proper, shall constitute a permanent fund, but the interest of such fund may be used for the purposes of the Society.

ARTICLE X Amendments These By-Laws may be altered or amended by a vote of two-thirds of those entitled to vote at any meeting of the Society; provided that thirty days' notice be given by the Board of Directors, by publication, to the members of the Society.

133 448 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

LIST OF BOOKS ISSUED BY THE JEWISH PUBLICATION SOCIETY OF AMERICA

HISTORY HISTORY OF THE JEWS.—By PROF. H. GRAETZ. Portrait; maps. Cloth, $2.00 per volume, $9.00 per set of six volumes; three- quarter Persian Morocco, $18.00. OUTLINES OF JEWISH HISTORY.—By LADY MAGNUS. 388 pp. School Edition, 60 cents. JEWISH HISTORY.—By S. M. DUBNOW. 184 pp. 60 cents. A SKETCH OF JEWISH HISTORY.—By GUSTAV KABPELES. 109 pp. 25 cents. JEWS AND JUDAISM IN THE NINETEENTH CENTURY.—By GUSTAV KAEPELES. 83 pp. 25 cents. JEWISH LIFE IN THE MIDDLE AGES.—By ISRAEL ABRAHAMS. 452 pp. $1.50. OLD EUROPEAN JEWRIES.—By DAVID PHIIJPSON. 281 pp. 75 cents. THE MESSIAH IDEA IN JEWISH HISTORY.—By JULIUS H. GREENSTONE. 348 pp. 75 cents. THE PERSECUTION OF THE JEWS IN RUSSIA.—87 pp. 25 cents. (Out of print.) •WITHIN THE PALE.—The True Story of the Anti-Semitic Per- secution in Russia.—By MICHAEL DAVITT. 300 pp. 30 cents. THE VOICE OF AMERICA ON KISHINEFF.—Edited by CYRUS ADLER. 499 pp. 30 cents. * Books marked with an asterisk sold to Members only. JEWISH PUBLICATION SOCIETY 449

BIOGRAPHY, ESSAYS, AND MISCELLANEOUS WORKS RASH I.—By MAUBICE LIBER. Translated by ADELE SZOLD. 278 pp. 60 cents. MAIM ON IDES.—BY DAVID YELLIN and ISRAEL ABRAHAMS. 239 pp. 60 cents. PHILO-JUDAEUS OF ALEXANDRIA.—By NORMAN BENTWICH. 273 pp. $1.00. LEON GORDON.—By ABRAHAM B. RHINE. 181 pp. 75 cents. SOME JEWISH WOMEN.—By HENRY ZIRNDORF. 270 pp. $1.25. (Out of print.) SONGS OF EXILE. By Hebrew Poets. Translated by NINA DAVIS. 146 pp. 50 cents. JEWISH LITERATURE AND OTHER ESSAYS.—By GUSTAV KARPELES. 404 pp. $1.25. CHAPTERS ON JEWISH LITERATURE.—By ISRAEL ABRAHAMS. 275 pp. 75 cents. THE RENASCENCE OF HEBREW LITERATURE (1743-1885). BY NAHUM SLOUSCHZ. 307 pp. $1.25. THE HOLY SCRIPTURES WITH COMMENTARY—MICAH.— By MAX L. MARGOLIS. 104 pp. 75 cents. ESSAYS ON THE TALMUD.—By ARSENE DARMESTETER and EMANUEL DEUTSCII (bound in one volume). 50 cents. READINGS AND RECITATIONS.—Compiled by ISABEL E. COHEN. , 294 pp. 50 cents. LEGENDS AND TALES.—Compiled by ISABEL E. COHEN. 260 pp. 50 cents. SELECTIONS OF PROSE AND POETRY.—By MARION L. MISCH. 444 pp. $1.25. JEWISH SERVICES IN SYNAGOGUE AND HOME.—By LEWIS N. DEMBITZ. 487 pp. $1.00. THE ETHICS OF JUDAISM, PARTS I AND II.—By M. LAZARUS. $1.50. STUDIES IN JUDAISM, First Series.—By S. SCHECHTER. 359 pp. $1.75. 450 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

STUDIES IN JUDAISM, Second Series.—By S. SCIIECHTEK. 362 pp. $2.00. THE LEGENDS OF THE JEWS, Vols. I, II and III.—By Louis GINZBEBG. $2.00 each. SELECTED ESSAYS BY AHAD HA-'AM.—Translated by LEON SIMON. 347 pp. $1.50. SABBATH HOURS.—By LIEBMAN ADLER. 338 pp. 75 cents.

HEARTH AND HOME ESSAYS.—By ESTIIEB J. RUSKAT. 96 pp. 25 cents. JEWS IN MANY LANDS.—By ELKAN ADLER. 259 pp. 75 cents. PAPERS PRESENTED AT THE FIFTH ANNUAL SESSION OF THE SUMMER ASSEMBLY OF THE JEWISH CHAUTAU- QUA SOCIETY. 25 cents. PROCEEDINGS OF THE FIRST CONVENTION OF THE NATIONAL COUNCIL OF JEWISH WOMEN. 426 pp. 50 cents. PAPERS OF THE JEWISH WOMEN'S CONGRESS. 270 pp. 50 cents. AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK.—Edited by CYRUS ADLER, HENRIETTA SZOLD, and HEKHERT FRIEDENWALD.

For 5660 (1899•1900). 290 pp. 75 cents. For 5661 (1900-1901). 763 pp. $1.00. For 5662 (1901-1902). 321 pp. 75 cents. For 5663 (1902-1903). 321 pp. 75 cents. For 5664 (1903-1904). 329 pp. 75 cents. For 5665 (1904-1905). 517 pp. $1.00. For 5666 (1905-1906). 3C7 pp. 75 cents. For 5667 (1906-•1907). 307 pp. 75 cents. For 5668 (1907-1908). 662 pp. $3.00. For 5669 (1908-1909). 362 pp. 75 cents. For 5670 (1909-•1910). 368 pp. 75 cents. For 5671 (1910-1911). 449 pp. 75 cents. For 5672 (1911-1912). 465 pp. 75 cents. For 5673 (1912-1913). 463 pp. 75 cents. JEWISH PUBLICATION SOCIETY 451

FICTION THE VALE OF CEDARS AND OTHER TALES.—By GEACE AGTJILAR. 428 pp. ?1.00. STRANGERS AT THE GATE.—By SAMUEL GORDON. 458 pp. $1.00.

SONS OF THE COVEN ANT.—By SAMUEL GORDON. 500 pp. $1.00.

IDYLS OF THE GASS.—By MARTHA WOLFENSTEIN. 295 pp. 75 cents.

A RENEGADE AND OTHER TALES.—By MARTHA WOLFEN- STEIN. 322 pp. 75 cents.

UNDER THE EAGLE'S WING.—By SARA MILLER. 229 pp. 50 cents.

LOST PRINCE ALMON.—By Louis PENDLETON. 218 pp. 50 cents. STEP BY STEP.—Story of the Early Life of Moses Mendelssohn. —By ABEAM S. ISAACS. 162 pp. 75 cents. DAVID THE GIANT KILLER AND OTHER TALES OF GRANDMA LOPEZ.—By EMILY SOLIS-COHEN. 250 pp. 75 cents.

IN ASSYRIAN TENTS.—By Louis PENDLETON. 248 pp. 50 cents. *THEY THAT WALK IN DARKNESS.—Ghetto Tragedies.—By I. ZANOWILL. 486 pp. $1.00. •DREAMERS OF THE GHETTO.—By I. ZANGWILL. 537 pp. $1.00. •CHILDREN OF THE GHETTO.—By I. ZANGWILL. 2 vols. 451 pp., 325 pp. $2.50.

IN THE PALE.—By HENRY ILIOWIZI. 367 pp. 75 centsi

RABBI AND PRIEST.—By MILTON GOLDSMITH. 314 pp. 60 cents.

THINK AND THANK.—By S. W. COOPER. 120 pp. 35 cents. VOEGELE'S MARRIAGE AND OTHER TALES.—By Louis SCHNABEL. 83 pp. 25 cents. (Out of print.) 452 AMERICAN JEWISH YEAR BOOK

BEATING SEA AND CHANGELESS BAR.—By JACOB LAZABRE. 133 pp. 50 cents. STORIES AND PICTURES.—By ISAAC LOEB PEREZ. 456 pp. $1.25.

STORIES OF JEWISH HOME LIFE.—By S. H. MOSENTHAL. 388 pp. 75 cents. SIMON EICHELKATZ—THE PATRIARCH.—Two Stories of German Jewish Life.—By ULEICH FRANK. 432 pp. 75 cents.

THE SIGN ABOVE THE DOOR.—By W. W. CANFIELD. 325 pp. ?1.00. * Books marked with an asterisk sold to Members only.

Publications sent from the Society's Office Postpaid

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