Navy's More Colorjiul Admirals, the Guided Missile Frigate Clark Slides Down the Ways at Both Iron Works, Bath, Maine

Home , Albert Einstein Memorial, The Watermen, USS Healy (DD-672), USS Howard (DD-179), USS Saratoga (CV-60)

Named after one of the US. Navy's more colorjiul admirals, the guided missile frigate Clark slides down the ways at Both Iron Works, Bath, Maine. The 445-foot warship honors Admiral Joseph J. (Jocko) Clark of World War II fame. The ship, designed for defense against submarines, aircrafi and surface ships, was christened by the admiral's widow, Olga, of New York City. (Photo by Ron Farr.) ALL WIND6 MAGAZINE OF THE U.S. NAVY - 56th YEAR OF PUBLICATION JULY 1979 NUMBER 750

Chief of Naval Operations: ADM Thomas B. Hayward Chiefof Information: RADM David M. Cooney OIC Navy Internal Relations Act: CAPT Robert K. Lewis Jr.

Features 6 FEEDING THE FLEET I Tracing Navy chow from hardtack to today's 'Think Thm' menus Page 30 THEY EAT BETTER ABOARD DEWEY THAN THEY DO AT HOME It takes a lot of pride to put out three good meals a da\T

WHO GOES WHERE AND WHY There's more to detailing than just writrng orders

ONE FOOT IN THE UNIVERSE Dedication of the Albert Einstein memorial at the Natlonal Academy of Sciences NAVAL AVIATION MUSEUM - PHASE II Second part of Pensacola's building program is complete

39 HIS EYES ARE ON OLYMPIC GOLD A competitor has only one shot at the rowing event this summer in Moscow PATHS TO A COMMISSION Page 39 Eighth in a series on Rights and Benefits

Departments

2 Currents 20 Bearings 48 Mail Buoy

Covers Front: Working side by side, USS Dewey's MSSN Gary LeFande (left) and MS1 Paulino Arnancio help turn ordinary food items into savory dishes. See page 12. Photo by PH1 Terry Mitchell. Back:A replica ofthe Navy's first airplane, the A-1, at Pensacola's Naval Aviation Museum. See page 32. Photo by JO1 Jerry

Editor: John F. Coleman; News Editor: Joanne E. Dumene Associates: Richard Hosier (Layout); Michael Tuffli (Art); Edward Jenkins, JO1 (SS)Pete Sundberg (Research); and Elaine McNeil (Editorial Assistant)

Send mail to: All Hands, Hoffman No. 2, 200 Stovall St., Alexandria, Va. 22332. Page 43 Phone: (202)325-0495; AUTOVON 221-0495. Message: NAVINRELACT WASHINGTON DC (PASS TOALL HANDS) currents

The Navy is anticipating a need for Navy counselors in both fleet and Navy Counselor recruiting commands. Increased emphasis on Navy retention and Rating (NC) recruiting efforts will require an increase of 200 fleet billets during the next two years. Personnel with training and experience and/or interest in career counseling or recruiting should consider lateral conversion to the NC rating. Conversion to NC rating offers excellent potential for advancement, .development of new skills and opportunities for highly rewarding duty. NAVOP 049/79 explains all factors considered for conversion to NC, outlines application procedures, and gives the requirements applicants must meet.

Later this month in Chicago, Ill., managers from the four best messes SECNAV in the Navy will be recognized at a special ceremony at the Interna- Best Mess tional Military Club Executives’ Association (IMCEA) conference. The awards will be presented by William Carroll, Special Assistant to the Award Winners Secretary of the Navy for Manpower, Reserve Affairs and Logistics. Announced The managers of the messes named are winners in the SECNAV Mess Awards Program for 1978. The Secretary of the Navy and.the IMCEA co-sponsor the awards program. Winners are: Commissioned Officers’ Mess, NAS Miramar, Calif., Chief Petty Officers’ Mess, NETC Newport, R.I.; Petty Officers’ Mess, NAVSTA Rota, Spain; and Enlisted Mess, NAVSTA San Diego, Calif. Selection of the winners was made by an awards committee composed of representatives from the Bureau of Naval Personnel and the IMCEA, following on-site evaluations. The objective of the program is to promote excellence in Navy messes through recognition of activities which have shown outstanding service to their patrons, effective management and sound fiscal control.

Many young people who seek enlistment in the military services fail the Educate for mental eligibility test given to all applicants because their basic educa- Enlistment tional skills are not adequate. To correct this, the Department of Defense and HEW’S Office of Education have announced a pilot project to provide basic educational skills prior to enlistment. The program began last week at three selected locations: Houston, Texas; Memphis, Tenn.; and Albany, N.Y. In these areas, recruiters will encourage applicants who do not qualify for enlistment because of low test scores to enroll in remedial courses in English, math and reading. The applicants will also receive diagnostic testing and individually tailored instruction. Individuals who correct their educational weaknesses will be referred back to the recruiters where, to qualify for enlistment, they will still have to meet service requirements. This is the first.program of its kind involving the coordination of DOD, the Office of Education and local learning agencies.backed by their state departments of e-ducation.

2 ALL HANDS The 10 percent surcharge for Japanese merchandise in the 1979 Navy Surcharge Exchange Mail Order Catalog was discontinued effective April 22 as a Eliminated result of continued price reductions. Payments received after April 22 which include the surcharge :will be refunded. A list of .items that have been reduced below the printed catalog price will be distributed soon.

If you were stationed aboard one of the ships or units listed below dur- New Qualifiers ing the time frame shown, you’re among the newest qualifiers for the for Battle “E” Battle Efficiency Ribbon. The ribbon, which is a permanent award, can be worn by officer and enlisted crew members of ships or units that Ribbon won the Battle “E” after July 1, 1974. This list of qualifiers includes Announced winners in the last cycle of battle efficiency competition. OPNAV Notice 1650 of March 28, 1979, lists administrative procedures. Person- nel permanently attached to or serving with the following ships between Oct. 1, 1977, and Sept. 30, 1978, can wear the Battle Efficiency Rib- bon:

Albany AndrewAlbany Jackson (Gold) Billfish Blandy Bowen Charles F. Adams Coronado DamatoCoronado Dash El Paso Francis Marion Francis Scott Key Fox Francis Hammond Gray Hamner Holt Harold E. Hassayampa Kiska LCU 1652 LCU Kiska Long Beach Lynde McCormick Paul F. Foster Peoria L Prairie Racine Sample St. Louis RichardDiego E.San Byrd Voge rrc Silversides Skipjack i+ LaweVirginia WilliamC.

Personnel attached to the following-~ ships during the period July 1, 1977, through Dec. 31, 1978, can wear the Battle Efficiency Ribbon: Badger Blue Ridge Bradley Ridge Blue Badger Bristol County Bronstein Brooke BrunswickFulton Constant G. P. Lipscomb HarryE. Yarnell Holland John F. Kennedy Johnston Kamehameha LCU 1661 Mahan Manitowoc Moinester Mount Whitney 16 MSB Oak Ridge Petrel Portland Preserver Puget Sound Takelma Towers Tulare White Plains Wichita Worden The following winners of the Battle “E” have earned Battle Efficiency Ribbons for crew members stationed there between Oct. 1, 1977, and Sept. 30, 1978: VA - 15 VA-65 vs-2215 VA- V AW -124 VF-32 VQ-4 VF-32 VAW-124 H S-3 HSL-32 vc-10 HS-3 N MC B-3 NMCB-74 VP-24 NMCB-74 NMCB-3 RVAH- 1 Personnel attached to the following units between Oct. 1, 1976, and Sept. 30, 1978, are eligible to wear the Battle Efficiency Ribbon: V F-302 VR-53 VA-305 VF-302 V P-60 VAQ-208 HC-9 VP-60

JULY 1979 3 FY 80 Promotion zones for the FY 80 Officer Selection Board have been Officer released by the Chief of Naval Personnel. The junior officers in the Promotion Zones promotion zones and junior officers eligible for selection below the zones are listed below for the unrestricted line. Restricted line officers Released are in the zone if they are senior to the junior URL officer, staff corps officers are in the zone when their running mates are in the zone.

Selection To JuniorZonein Junior Eligible CAPT CDR R. D. Thomas CDRW.A. Efird (5358-30) (5715-90) (5358-30) CDRLCDR J. R. SteelLCDR D. S. Wallace (20032-60) (20493-70) (20032-60) LCDR LT H. D. Hopkins LT R. S. McDonald (54017-50) (55990-50) Listed below are the junior officers in the zone for line limited duty officer selections. Staff corps limited duty officers are in the zone when their running mates are. Selection To JuniorZonein Junior Eligible CDRLCDR G. E. Wood LCDR E. E. Sears (20277-74) (20355-20) (20277-74) LCDR LTT. P. HormuthLT J.D. Lose (53399-50) (55780-00) (53399-50) For women officers of the line, the junior in zone and junior eligible are listed below. Women officers of the Supply, Chaplain and Civil Engineers Corps are in the zone when their women line running mates are. Selection To JuniorZonein Junior Eligible CAPT CDR S. BostwickL. CDR J. A. Weber (5425-45) (5523-45) (5425-45) CDRLCDR C.Wylie C. LCDR K. O’Brien (20018-48) (20333-08) LCDRC.LT S. Wright LT L.A. Campbell (53609-00) (55610-00)

Promotion percentages for officers being considered by FY 80 selection Officer boards have been released by the Chief of Naval Personnel. In the Promotion- unrestricted line for promotion to captain, up to 60 percent may be selected with up to 10 percent of selectees from below the zone. Promo- Percentages tion opportunity to commander is 80 percent and up to five percent may be picked from below zone. For lieutenant commander, up to 90 percent may be selected and five percent from below the zone. Line limited duty officer commander selection is 80 percent with five percent selection possible from below zone. For lieutenant commander, the promotion opportunity is 90 percent with five percent from below zone. However, on Sept. 30, 1979, the Navy’s authority for considering LDOs below the zone expires. Therefore, the LDO below zone opportunity is contingent upon congressional passage of proposed relief legislation before the boards convene. For women line officers in the zone for captain, up to 75 percent may be selected and below-zone - ..’ , .;, maximum is 10 percent. For commander, the promotion opportunity is 80 percent and below-zone picks can be up to five percent. Up to 90 percent of women line officers in the zone for lieutenant commander may be selected and five percent can come from below the zone. 4 ALL HANDS Sailors of the Year Named. . . .The FY 79 Sailors of the Year were announced in NAVOP 78/79. The Atlantic Fleet Sailor of the Year is PH1 William H. Miller Jr., USS Spruance (DD963); the Pacific Fleet Sailor of the Year is IC2(SS) Tommy L. Couch, USS Gurnard (SSN 662); and the Shore Sailor of the Year is ENl(DV/PJ) Robert R. Schamberger, Naval Coastal Systems Center, Panama City, Fla.

Ever have trouble getting through to your detailer? Or, have YOU mis- New Detailer judged the time zones and reached Washington after hours? NOW,you Record line can call and leave a message on a new telephone message recording service installed recently by the Naval Military Personnel Command Established (NMPC). The service is intended to be used by all personnel having urgent or time sensitive matters and who were unable to contact their detailer during normal working hours. Offices, NMPC codes and AUTOVON numbers for officer and enlisted detailers are as follows:

O ff ice NMPC Code AUTOVON Code NMPC ice Off Force Master Chief 4c 291-5656 Officer Assignment Surf LCDR 41 1 291-5935 Surf JO -601 412 3 Aviation LCDR/JO-5623 432 Major Staff/MAAG/ MSN/MILGRU 442 -6062 SUB/NUC Power Assign/Placement 42 1 -6025

Enlisted Assignment Seabee/Diver/EOD/ UDT/SEAL 40 1 291-5766 402 -5780Engineering 402 .Nuc/Strategic/Weap- ons/AUX/STS-5823 403 Aviation 404 -5834 Admin/Deck/Supply 405 -5727

..:I' -,AAW/ASW/COMM/ OPS 406 , -5843 407 -5708HM/DT 407 When necessary to use commercial lines, the prefix is (301) 427-XXXX.

Ney Awards. . . .The following ships and activities have been named the Ney Winners first-place winners in the annual Captain Edward F. Ney Memorial Awards program for 1979: USS Detector (MSO 429); USS Lockwood (FF 1064); USS Dufuth (LPD 6); USS Kitty Hawk (CV 63); Naval Communication Area Master Station, EASTPAC, Wahiawa, Hawaii; and Naval Air Station, Patuxent River, Md. The award is presented for unequaled achievement in overall enlisted dining facility operations. (See page 12 for story about Navy cooks.)

JULY 1979 5 Feeding the

BY JOI DAN WHEELER crumbled, the powder was like sawdust and not a weevil was found.” “Serve God, love one another, andpreserve your victuals,” Similar stories are told about salt beef. Frequently, it English naval commander SirJohn Hawkins admonished his wasn’t of high quality norcarefully cured or aged. Some salts crew before setting sail in 1562. These were the “big three,” who who were handy whittlers claimed that when the meat faith, love and food-and a goodly supply of each was essen- was allowed to dry, it could be carved into small boxes. The tial for a successful voyage. boxes were then shellacked and the salts swore no one could SirJohn reasoned thatfaith wouldpreserve the mind tell them from those madeof finemahogany. Clearly,a career throughout interminable hardship under way;love would in Uncle Sam’s early Navy was only for iron men with steel engender harmony and quell seditious thoughts; and food,of stomachs. course, would restore vitality sapped by the rigorsof seaduty. Predictably, faith sometimes faltered and love turned to hate-neither failing, however, caused significant lossof life. The culprit-more deadly than storms, war or bo’suns-was bad food. Survival without eating was impossible; so were the “victuals.” Lack of properfood caused more illness and death among early sailors than anything else. Between 1600 and 1800, scurvy,an easily preventable vitamin deficiency disease, killed more than a million seamen. (By comparison, during participation in nine warsover a period of 200 years,the U.S. Navy lost 130,000 people to all battle-related maladies.) Add to that million the uncounted thousands of deaths theworld overdirectly traceable to improperdiet, unsanitary food preparation, and deficient storage facilities, and the importance of good food to a navy is apparent. “There is a common proverb, that nothing will poison a sailor,” wrote Nathaniel Knotts in his1634 edition of An Advice of a Seaman. Obviously aware of the adage, “old Navy” administrators took it to heart. For instance, early 20th century U.S.Navy cookbooks contained this advice: “The presence of wormholes in coffee should not occasion its rejection ...since they generally indicate age, weigh nothing and disappear when the coffee is ground.” Navy doctor Captain Louis H. Roddia wrote in A Short History of Nautical Medicine: “The hardtack aboard naval vessels was often hard as flint and all too frequently infested with weevils. Knocking the bread against the edge ofthe mess table to remove weevils was a regular practice and the noise made by this procedure was as regular a sound at meal timeas the rattle of mess gear... indeed the sailors regard bread not infested as suspicious... too bad for even the weevils to eat.” CAPT Roddis later found some confirmation forseamen’s suspicions, when, in 1914, he was calledupon to survey some hardtack issued during theSpanish-American War in1898- of course, it was 16 years old by then. “They closely resembled rotted cedar shingles,” the doctor wrote, “and when

6 preferences. If, by chance, one had a special dish favored by the crew, its ingredients remained secret a the cook carriedto his grave.

There’re Meals and There are Meals

A Navy like ours, accustomedto steaks, eggs-to-order, and a wide variety of nutritious foods, would no doubt consider Fleet physical action if served the typical meal on an old Navy “good feeder.” Savor this day’s ration aboard USS Ports- The 19th and 20th century Navy offered a severely limited mouth, sloop-of-war, in the late 1800s. selection in its messes because of a lackof preservatives other than salt and brine. Moreover, the food availableDinner was gener-Lunch Breakfast ally poorly prepared by “chefs” who had everything in their prunes corn pone cracker hash cooking except their hearts.If menus varied at all from dayto hardtack salt horse hardtack day, changes were superficial-beans substituted for rice, or molasses hardtack molasses salt beef for salt pork. coffee coffee tea Cooks had no use for such culinary conventionsas recipes or measuring spoons. Theytossed whatever they fancied into Compare that to a day’s ration aboard USS HunZey (AS the stew with little regard for individual tastes or seasoning 31), a 1978 Ney Memorial Award winner, and vow never again to complain about being served roast beef twice in the same week.

B reakfast Lunch Dinner Lunch Breakfast buttered grits tomato soup bean soup fried eggs to order roast turkey beef sukiyaki breakfast steaks stuffed fish roast of veal grilled ham slices mashed pototoes veal gravy minced beef, toast oyster dressing steamed rice hash browns natural gravy snowflake potatoes hot cakes, waffles buttered carrots buttered broccoli hot syrup asparagus pastry bar pastry bar pastry bar salad bar French toast salad bar assorted breads coffee, tea, milk . assorted beverages assorted beverages

Speedline creolespaghetti assorted pizzas chickennoodle soup fried egg rolls assortedbeverages

Given HunZey’s typical daily menu, it’s not surprising that the Navy spends $235 million a year on food. Sailors consume enoughfood annually to feed a medium-sizedcity- 26,400,000 pounds ofbeef, 2,600,000 pounds of coffee, 8,200,000 dozen eggs, and 19,500,000 pounds of potatoes, to list a few biggies. Even on alocal level, the figures areimpressive. During one quarter of 1978, the crew of USS America(CV 66) consumed 11,087 pounds of bacon, 22,755 pounds of chicken, 16,596 gallons of milk, 27,054 pounds of bread, and 7,182 bottles of catsup. Obviously, today’s sailors like plenty of good food and the Navy sees they get it. “I believe we give men and women of our all-volunteer Navy a variety of food itemsthey prefer,” said Captain Henry

Navy chow at Little America Station in the Antarctic: a lot of things have changed in 30 years, but the need.for freshly bakedbreod isn’t one ofthem. 7 Feeding the Fleet

E. Hirschy Jr., SC, commanding officer of the Navy Food ConvenientUniform Space-saving Tailored-to-taste Service Systems Office. “NAVFSSO’s (pronounced Nav- Operationally-efficient Manpower-saving product. Custom Fisso) job is to provide the best food available within the lim- foods conserve storage space, an essential requirement its prescribed by the Navy Ration Law, thereby ensuring high aboard ship,because all are canned, frozen,compressed and morale and sustaining the Navy’s reputation as the best ofthe dried, or freeze-dried. Additionally, they are energy-efficient military feeders.” products because many require little or no preparation other To do that,NAVFSSO provides technical guidance to all than the addition of hot water. enlisted, CPO and officer dining facilities afloatand all An amazing feature of Custom foods is that, once pre- enlisted dining facilities ashore. pared, they taste fresh and lose none of their original texture. Additionally, NAVFSSO sets overallNavy foodservice Some currently in use in the fleet are coffee (freeze-dried), policy,provides menu guidance, recipeservices, financial greenpeas (dehydrated, compressed), andshrimp (freeze- reporting assistance, dining facility planning and mess man- dried). Another to be introduced soon is shelf stable, dehy- agement training. drated celery (glycerolor gum-treated) and similar vegetables in which crunchiness is a must. Natick has long been able to (Re)Searching for Good Food “Customize” that type of food, but only recently have they been able to restore the crispness which is lost in the drying “Old Navy”veterans would beshocked at thefoods offered process. today’s volunteers. Modern Navy fare, ranging from Newport friedchicken to steaks-to-order, is far fromthe slapdash Books for the Cooks affairs depicted in comic strips and old war movies. Recipes are thecarefully planned products of scientific research,con- “The goal in our operation is excellent food served in a stant testing and tasting, scientists, food technologists, dieti- pleasant atmosphere,” CAPT Hirschy said. tians, and home economists at the U.S. Army Natick A major step in ensuring excellent food Navywide was Research and Development Command in Massachusetts. taken in 1902 with the introduction of the first Navy cook- “Natick runs the research and development program for book, a skimpy volume containing less than 100recipes. everything from protective clothing to Custom foods,”CAPT Reaction by foodservice people to this invaluable aid was less Hirschy said. “Anything along food lines which NAVFSSO wants researched is sent to Natick. They worked on the fast food project aboard USS Saratoga and are now examining other projects such as theuse of ID cards inlieu of signing in at ashoredining facilities, automated food service systemsfor shipboard use,freeze-dried foods, combat meals andthe hydroponic farming at Argentia, Newfoundland. “The Argentia project,” the captain said,“is currently one of our most interesting experiments. Hydroponic farmingis a process of growing fresh vegetables through theuse of liquid mineral solutions and special lighting. It has application in areas with unfavorable weather for growingcrops year round. The entireoperation can be handled by one person and currently the Intensive Agriculture Unit there is producing enough produce to provide two salads daily for each of the 200 people who eat in Argentia’s dining facility.” Natick is also studying the development of an automated foodservice record-keeping system to eliminate repetitive, cumbersome record-keeping tasks aboard ship, and anauto- mated system to analyze dining facility menus for caloric and nutrient content. Both projects are expected to be fully developed by 1982 and implemented fleetwide shortly thereafter. The armed forces have led the way in developing freeze- dried foods because they can be easilyprepared under combat conditions and require much less space aboard ship than unprocessed foods. “Milk, forinstance, is a bulky item with a relatively short shelf life,” CAPT Hirschy said. “We finally have a new dried milk product being tested on submarines and, so far, sailors indicate they like it as much as the milk they’ve been drinking all their lives.” Foods such as dried milk are called “Custom” foods- a than favorable-most cooks considered a mandatory recipe book an invasion of their culinary privacy. It and succeeding cookbooks continued in usefor 44 years and the standardiza- tion they brought steadily improved Navy chow. Cookbooks, however, had several drawbacks-they were unwieldy to handle while trying to mix ingredients for hundreds of portions; they could be easily misplaced, even incorporated in the stew; and recipe revision,deletion or addition was impossible without printing-a new edition. So, in 1946, the Navy introduced the Navy Recipe Service, a collection of 5- by 8-inch recipe cards listing the exact pro- portions of ingredients required to feed 100 people a given dish. In 1962, it became the Navy-Marine Recipe Service,and continued acceptance andexpansion brought about the Armed Forces RecipeService in 1969, used now by all services. With 1,450 recipes-each tested in the kitchens at Natick- the Armed Forces Recipe Service incorporated standardized weights and measures and easy-to-understand directions on color-coded cards for food preparation. Sixty-five “how-to” cards were also added. They contain information useful to

The delicious cycle of feeding the jleet: bringing on stores as aboard these WWII subs, cooking the food and the payoff-good food at very reasonable prices.

L Feedincr the Fleet

MSs, such as how to adjust a 100-portion recipeto feed any Norfolk. From that beginning, th ere are own fivespecialized number of people. cadres (located in Norfolk, Va.; Charleston, S.C.: Mayport, Each recipe, if followed exactly, produces an appetizing Fla.; San Diego, Calif.; and Pearl Harbor,Hawaii) consisting dish. “Whatmakes the difference in foodservice from one ship of senior MSs and hospital corpsmen (for sanitation instruc- to another is command interest and‘TLC‘ of foodservice per- tion) who visit ships and shore stations to help commands sonnel,” CAPT Hirschy said. “One MS, for instance, can with food service problems and conduct training sessions. make a super steakevery time while another always ruins it. “These are the trainers who go out and assist thefleet on The end product reflects the motivation of the cooks and the location,” CAPT Hirschy said.“They are not inspectors; they foodservice management at their command.”

Thinking Thin in the Galley

Navy interest inweight controlhas led to an ongoing “Think Thin” campaignin the galleys. “The Navy is basically a group of healthy individualswho are responsible formain- tainingtheir fitness,” CAPT Hirschy said,“but we at NAVFSSO offer guidance for streamlining standard menus so commands can provide nutritious and tasty foods for diet- ers. Think Thin menus include all basic items, but exclude high calorie extras likesauces, gravies, pastries and high-cal toppings.” Think Thinmenus are the backboneof the low-calorie system and many commands regularlyserve meals with an ample selection of diet items forweight watchers. NAVFSSO peri- odically publishes tips on offering low calorieitems and methods of making Think Thinmeals appetizing. Some ships even list the calorie content of menu items on their weekly menu plans. “I don’t see our getting into low-caloriea food program per se; however, we do try to offer a wide selection so that people can find foodto meet their individualneeds,” CAPT Hirschy said. “We get a lot of queries about vegetarian menus too, so we try to make ample non-meat products available. Still, the bulk of the foods served are those our studies have shown Navy people prefer most-steak, eggs-to-order, friedchicken and milkshakes.”

Training the Team

Many of today’s MSs started in thescullery and, through on-the-jobtraining, became food service management experts. That, of course, is one way to learn the rating; formal training in one of the Navy’s 18 MS schools is another. Formal “schoolhouse” trainingis available at bases all over the country; curricula range frombasics taught inMess Man- agement Specialist Class “A” School in San Diego to Com- missary Store Operations taught at the Meat and Produce Management School in Norfolk. Regardless of how much formal training a personreceives, nothing can replace on-the- job experience enhancedby a visit from theNavy Food Man- agement Team. The Navy Food Management Team concept began more than 25 years ago with a Field Food Service Team of one supply officer and three commissarymen operating out of

A chocolate nut sundaefixed the “way you like it” brings a smile of anticipation to the face of this USS L.Y. Spear’s (AS 36) crewman.

10 are teachers. They brief the CO on their findings and that equipmentoperation, accounting procedures, sanitation, information goes no further. The iob rewirestravel all over food item requisitioning and issue procedures. Team the world and, I think, it epitomizes wherean MS who knows members answer questions about foodservice problems, his job can go in the Navy.” advancement,retention, and other professionallyrelated A regular assistance visit lasts two weeks, though shorter subjects. visits may be arranged to accommodate schedules. During In addition to OJT and formal training, NAVSUPINST their stay, members roll up their sleeves and teach “do asI do” 4061.1 1D mandates the Standards of Food Service. Alto- techniques of menu planning, food preparation, foodservice gether, the instruction lists more than 300 dictates which foodservice people must be aware of and strive to attain. Some are: Menus for all three-day national holidays will feature dishes known to be crew favorites. A different a la carte breakfast menu will be featured each day. Maximum use will be made of draperies, wall paneling, acoustical overheads, murals and other decorative motifs. Coffee urns will be of adequate size to ensure freshly brewed coffee for patron demands.

The Chrrllenges of Tomorrow

A World War I1 veteran would be hard pressed if required to recommend improvements for Navy foodservice today, especially after eating a meal on a Ney Memorial Award- winning ship; yet improvements will be made. “We havesome challenging and exciting programs that will do very much to enhance overall foodservice in the Navy,” CAPT Hirschy said. “The Intensive Agriculture Unit in Argentia shows great promise for expansion to other areas and we are planning an a la carte operation at all continental U.S. shore stations. They will be similar to the one being tested at Alameda, Calif., where Navy peopleare permitted to purchase only the items they want in the diningfacility instead of having to buy an entire meal.” Additionally, NAVFSSO is working on more programs to upgrade qualifications of foodservice personnel and conse- quently make Navy food even better. Perhaps the biggest challenge will be replacing out-dated equipment on a peace- time budget. Advances are being made in that area through self-help programs administered by local commands. Research at Natick continues to produce new and better foods and NAVFSSO is working closely with the Bureau of Medicine and Surgery to improve menus for weight control, nutrition and sanitation. “We are continually striving to eradicate any conditions that might jeopardize the health of our crews and thereby reduce combat readiness,” CAPT Hirschy said. “NAVFSSO is constantly seeking innovative improvements to accommodate food preferencesof our Navymen and women. I’m excited about the possibilities. I have no doubt about ourabil- ity to ensure that ourNavy remains the best fedand healthiest in the world.” J

11 USS Dewey They Eat Better Than They Do at Home

BY JO1 DAN WHEELER let up. Hissing steam, rising tempera- said, “so there isn’t any chance of get- Photos By PH1 Terry Mitchell tures, IMC announcementsand con- ting hair into the food. Of course, all of It was 9:15 a.m. stant traffic through the galley would us-foodservice men included-have to Less than two hours earlier, USS have frayed the nerves of amateurs, but keep our hair cutshort, fingernails clean Dewey’s (DDG 45)crew had eaten a these professionals cooked on, chatting andmaintain a neatpersonal breakfast of eggs-to-order, grilled ham, among themselves as they went. After appearance. hot buttered grits, juice, toast and cof- all, this was just another routine day in “At 10:30, either the messdeck fee. More food was the furthest thing Dewey’s galley. Pierside or under way, master-at-arms or the leading chief from their minds as they turned-to in it would have been no different. inspects the foodservice men. He keeps Charleston, S.C. Far’from feeling like the proverbial an eye on us MSs all of the time.” Not so, however, for Mess Manage- slave over a hot stove, Adkins was At exactly 10:30, about 15 foodserv- mentSpecialist Third Class Dave enjoying himself. “I love to cook,” he icemen were lined up in the enlisted Adkins,acting starboard watch said. “I started when I was 16 in a little dining facility as MSCEdgar Aldridge, captain-he thought of nothing else. place called Bill’s Grill in Xenia, Ohio, the leading MS chief, inspected for Only twohours and 150 pounds of my hometown. Now, at 27, cooking is in shaves, haircuts, clean uniforms, and uncooked chicken parts stood between my blood.”, With no more effort than it cuts that might be subject to infection. him and the first wave of hungry crew- takes to button a shirt, Adkins twisted Five minutes afterthe muster, MSC men, each expecting a lunch of “South- dozens of chicken wings into compact Aldridge dismissed them: “All of you ernfried chicken” with allthe units and rolled them in the seasoned try to get a little more polish on those trimmings. flour. boondockers. I don’t mean they have to Perhaps, if Adkins had time to con- “Cooking is what I do best and I guess be spit-shined, but somewax from time sider how much had to be done by I’ll be doing it the rest of my life.” He to time will stop them fromrotting. 11: 15, he would have beenworried. But droppedanother handful of chicken OK? Finish setting up for lunch.” he didn’t. Since 4:30 a.m. he’d been hus- into the fat, shook thebasket to prevent As lunchtime approached,the last tling to prepare breakfast; now, even sticking, and turned again to the raw baskets of chicken were fried to perfec- with the morning clean-up about done, wings. tion and stacked on top of a layer of there was still no time for a breather. By 10:30, Keil had moved alongside bread in a serving tray. “That’s a trick I He pulled a recipe card from a box of Adkinsand beganhelping with the learned in MS ‘A’ School in San more than a thousand. Within minutes chicken. LeFande wasstill preparing Diego,” Adkins said. “The bread his hands werecovered with pre- items for the salad bar. “It takes one absorbs the grease and keeps the skin seasoned flourand the first batch of man all morning to chopenough to crisp.” He also learned how to use the chicken breasts were turning crispy stock the salad bar,” LeFande said. Armed Forces Recipe Service cards, brown in the deep fat fryer. MS3 Roy “Then the job’s still notdone-you have recipe conversion techniques, how to Keil and MSSN Gary LeFande-also to keep restocking it throughoutthe use galleyequipment and cookingtools, on duty-were chopping vegetables, meal. Stuff like bacon andcroutons and several otherquality control bacon and hardboiled eggs for the salad goes fast.” procedures. bar; preparing garnishments ofcelery Keil was wearing the orange-striped One of the most important quality stalks and dyed potato slices; whipping shirt which all of Dewey’s MSs wear. control measures taught to MSs-and potatoes and doing the dozens of little But, while most wear white foodservice the one most frequently ignored-is the chores which make or break a ship- caps, he wore a green “helmet” of paper board meal. which covered not only the top of his Remaining cool when faced with 230-degree As quickly as one job was finished, head but all of his face except for eyes steam is second nature for MSI Amancio. Here, he makes the spaghetti tastier by adding there was anotherto bedone- and nose. “Those of us who havebeards just the right amount of water to wash away throughout the morning the pace never have to wear this type of cover,” Keil accumulated starch. 12 ALL HANDS I

I use of standard recipe cards. “Contrary refers to the recipe card. “Follow this Every duty day, eachMS puts himself to what some MSs think,” said MSCS card and youcan’t go wrong. Sure, and his work on the serving line. He Mario Ignacio, a member of the Navy there are some chicken recipesI like bet- stands before the crew as if to say, ‘This Food Management Team in Charles- ter than this one,” he said as he waved is what I’ve cooked,and I alone am ton, “failure to use the Armed Forces the orange card, “but it’s designed to totally responsible for the results.’ Recipe Service usually hurts,rather please the majority and it will.” “I couldn’t face the crew like that,” than helps, the meal because it’s easier Then, moving a tray of hot chicken to Adkins said, “if I hadn’t done my best.” to make a careless mistake. Once in a the serving line as the foodservice men Sometimes, even your best is not great while,” he said, “a cook improves lifted the partition separating thegalley enough. “Sailors are hard to please,” on the recommended recipe. However, from theenlisted dining facility, hesaid, said MSC Felix Cabanting, another more than 20 years’ experience has “Following those cards, however, won’t member of Charleston’s Navy Food shown me that 98 percent of the recipes ensure well-prepared food. Only per- Management Team. “I’ve heard them are excellent if followed to the letter.” sonal pride can do that.If I didn’t take complain about everything, but most Though Adkins has prepared South- pride in what I do, I wouldn’t begood at sailors are eating better on Dewey than ern fried chicken hundreds of timesdur- anything. That’smy secret of quality they eat at home. Even on USS Hunley ing his four years in the Navy, he still control.’’ (AS 31), a Ney Award Winner in 1978, sailors complain about the chow. And Hunley hasa wider selection ofproperly prepared foods than most restaurants! - I’d rate it as satisfactory, maybe less,” I said a crew member who had been standing in the chow line for about 10 minutes.“It’s not that bad,” said another, “but it sure ain’t all that good either!” As if following an inviolate Navy tradition, sailor after sailor either damned the cooks and food with faint praise or complained about such things as: “I don’t like butter. I like margarine and we never get any.” Then a brave soul said, “The food on this can is about the best I’ve eaten since I joined the Navy.” Their courage bolstered as the grasp of peer pressure began to loosen, several sailors conceded that the food was good and thecooks tried hard to please them. “I’lltell you this,” said Fire Control Technician (Missiles) Third Class Dave Dallas, “a lot of sailors here say they don’t like the chow, but when ‘lunchfor the crew’ is passed there’s alwaysa long line and people running to be first. I complain too-whodoesn’t?-but I never miss a meal.” An hour later, foodservice menwork-

Clockwise from top left: MSSN Young prepares another tray of bacon for the oven. MS2 Mangayao, wardroom pantry watch captain, adds some final touches before a meal is served to DeweyS officers. MSI Amancio adds more ingredients into the potato whipper. MS3 Adkins (left) and MS3 Keil form a mini- assemblyline to flour the chicken I 15 i ing the scullery had proof positive of tail 16 hours a day, month after month, “We are facedwith a problem, no how the crew really feelsabout Dewey’s you realize that you’re not an unsung matter what we serve,”he said. “We meals. “We rarely have more than half a hero-you’re justanother unknown know we can’t please everyone, so we trashcan of garbage after anymeal and soldier.” try toserve high acceptability items like most of that’s water and coffee,” said When the praise does come, it doesn’t steak, cheeseburgers, and fried chicken one scullery hand. “After feeding 380 go unnoticed. “Hell, man,” said MSl as often as possible. Liverand cold cuts, people, that seems to say that something Paulino Amancio, “when you say you both low acceptability items, are served is being done right in the galley.” like the meal, that makes my day.” as little as possible.” One of an MS’s few rewards for a job Fortunately for MSSN RonPettitt, a Calculating “acceptability” is more well done is a word of appreciation from former machinist’s mate, hedidn’t complex than simply listening for the the crew after they’ve eaten some “good switch rating toMS for the compli- yuks and wows. A formula is used; the chow.” According to the MSswho have ments. “I knew a good thing when I saw unknowns are taken from records com- been around for a while, crew members it,” Pettitt said. “I like the liberty.” In piled after each meal. Each day MSC generally fall in one of three categories some shipboard ratings, a statement Aldridge gives the watch captain a Food and tend to stay there: Those who say like “I like the liberty” would be consi- Preparation Worksheet on which hehas they like the meal; those who say the dered less than the reflection of a 4.0 already copied the day’s menu for each food was rotten; and those who never attitide. But, in theMS rating, few meal, special instructions for prepara- say anything. “The last group,” Adkins could stand the pace without what is tion, the time each dish should be pre- said, “is, by far, the largest.” known in galley parlance as “Five and pared, and the number of portions to This situation probably accounts for Two.” cook. Before the watch captain gets the the widespread feeling among Dewey’s Asused aboard Dewqv, “Five and worksheet, MS3Harry J. Wells Jr., MSs that they are taken for granted by Two” means that each MS works for Dewey’s Jack-of-the-Dust has already those they serve. It seems to them that five straight days and then gets all or lugged the boxes and cans required everyone expects to eat on time, be part of two days off. Thenhe works two from the storeroomsbelow to thegalley served their personal food preference, straight days and gets all or part of five and adjusted his inventory. and to get it three times a day, day in days off. At the completion of each meal, the and day out. “The schedule is basically the same watch captain fillsin his part of the “Most people don’t say a thing about whether under way or in port,” MSC worksheet. He records how many peo- the meal until we preparesomething Aldridge said. “However, when Dewey ple actually ate, how many portions are which isn’texactly to their liking,” MSC is under way, the cooksmay work extra left over, andany other information Aldridge said. “Thenumber of com- hours because the entirecrew eats every which would be helpful to the chief in plaints go up afterwe’ve been at sea for meal. That’s the only chance we have to calculating acceptability. “If we were awhile; a lot of crew members are just get all of the MSs on board atthe same serving steak for supper and 90 people blowing off steam they built up sometime to dosuch things as repainting the showed up instead of the 225 the chief whereelse. What they don’tseem to enlisted dining facility and other habita- had predicted,” MSl Amancio said, “he remember is: every day-every day of bility work. Also, when under way, we would want to know that there had been the week, regardless of schedules-the have a night baker who works all night an early liberty. On the other hand, if a MSs have to prepare threemeals. We’re baking bread, pastries and desserts. lot of people showed up for liver,it like a DK who has to hold payday for What the baker bakes and what the might be significant if it was the day the crew three times a day. MSs cook is determined by the leading before payday.” “Not even holidays bring relief,” he chief. He hasto write the menus, predict MSC Aldridge considers all of these said. “There’s an old saying about Holi- the right amount of food to break out things when planning hissix-week day Routine amongthe cooks: ‘Yea, it’s for eachmeal, and stay within the ship’s menu. Every Monday a new seven-day Holiday Routine all right-holiday for food budget. While each responsibility menu is posted at thehead of chow line the crew; routine for the cooks.” is important, operating within Dewey’s and those meals are served whether in Lack of appreciation and long hours $70,000-a-quarter budget is probably port or atsea. The only thing that could tend to turn some MSs into cynics. “I the most difficult to do without arous- possibly change spaghetti to cold cuts used to think it was great being a so- ing the wrath of the crew. would be General Quarters. called ‘unsung hero,’ ” said MSSN Ken- “Meat is supposed to account for When Dewey goes to GQ, the cooks neth Young. “But after you bust your about 50-60 percent of your daily close the drains in thegalley, set condi- budget,” MSC Aldridge said. “Say that tionZebra, get into battle dress and amounts to$400 a day, for instance, and continue cooking thenext meal ...if it is you want to serve steak which will run something which can be servedas battle Clockwise from top left: Garnishments take only a little time. but add a lot to a meal- you $500 for a single meal. What you rations. Usually they know whether the MSSN LeFande shows his artistic talents with have to do is plan the other meals that crew will have to be fed on station, fed celery and dyed potato slices. Ladling potatoes day and the next day using less expen- under relaxed battle conditions in the into a serving tray is hard work-one of many chores the crew never sees. Dewey’s serving line sive meats, like ground beef, so you can enlisted dining facility, or fed in small in action during the noon meal. balance out. groups in the facility. Everything is JULY 1979 17 hunky-dory if either of the last two is the 20-year-old formerDLG, has one of difficulty he might someday face in case; if feeding is on station, something freezer out of order, a compressor on his work.” has to be prepared which will fit in a order for the salad bar, and her potato Experience, however, is not quickly “box lunch.” peeler is on the blink. acquired. It’s gained gradually as an MS Unlike some .Navy .ships, Dewey “Let’sface it,” MSC Aldridge’said, continues todo his job the besthe doesn’tpublicize special meals other “getting foodservice equipment .funded knows how. Then, one dayhe discovers than the traditional Thanksgiving and has afways beena problem because it’s a that tasting pineapple upside-down ChristmasDay affairs. “Just because low priority item. A warship’s mission is cake, for instance, isn’t the only way to we’re serving spaghetti, we don’t call it not to feed, but to fight; the money goes tell if it’s been properly prepared. The ‘Italian Night,’ ” MSC Aldridge said. for engineering and weapons.” texture tells him. The smell tells him. “However, we do serve ethnic dishes That fact could wellbe a disguised The color tells him. Even the uncooked from timeto time and the ones the crew blessing from the training viewpoint. batter revealsits secrets to the expe- likes most, we serve frequently.” Who buta Navy cook could stillput out rienced eye. Birthday meals areanother story. a meal on time when faced with equip- “That’s something you’llnever be They’re specialand they’re publicized in ment malfunctions, out-of-date appli- able to dounless you have great pridein the plan-of-the-day and over the -1MC. ances, loss of steam, loss of power, your work,” MSC Aldridge said. “We Once a month, the MSs preparea lunch or water hours? “This is a unique train- here on Dewey have that kind of pride of steak and baked potatoes for crewing situation,”the chief said,“and I and I think it shows in every meal we men celebrating birthdays. “The meal think it prepares a person for any type serve.” .T. isn’t for thewhole crew;that wouldtake something away from it,’’ the chief said. “It’s just for them. They get to eat 30 minutes early and I imagine a lot of bar- gaining goes on that day because each guest of honor gets to bring a friend.” Birthday celebrations for officers fall under the jurisdiction of the wardroom mess. Ifthere is one, the cookwho bakes the cake is an MS taking his turn at wardroom pantry duty. Six of Dewey’s 17 mess management specialists work in the wardroom and the othersrotate there as the chief dictates. “The pace up here is slowerthan that in the enlisted dining facility,” said MS2 MannyMangayao, a former steward with 11 years’ service. “We have to prepare meals for only 26 instead of more than 300, so we have a little more time for relaxation. One thingextra we do is keep track of the food drawn from.the enlisted galley and the storeroom so it can be added to thewardroom bill each month.” Some things about thrchow-slinger’s rating never change. One of the good ones is liberty; one of the bad ones is equipment failure. At present, Dewey, a

MSSN Ron Pettitt. a Dewey cook and occasional night baker, wears the foodservice cover required of those with beards.

18 ALL HANDS “Why can’t we have steak and lobster mariners get anextra $.45per day members eat three meals a day and the every Friday night? They’re my favor- regardless of the number fed. FSO canclaim the full rationallowance ites!” “How come the MidRats served Though the BDFA has been steadily for each enlisted member on board who on my ship always seem to be leftovers increasing, that doesn’t mean, the FSO is entitled to be fed inthe enlisted dining when I know there is plenty of ‘good’ can afford steak and lobster every day. facility. It is not required that the actual food on board?“To find the answersto You have to remember that the cost of number fed be counted. For accounting these and other questions, AN Hands food has been steadily increasing. The purposes, days at sea include the day of talked with Senior Chief Mess Manage- BDFA just tries to keep pace. departure and the dayof return, regard- ment Specialist Mario Ignacio of the Q. If the BDFA is $3.41 per person less of the time. Charleston Navy FoodManagement per day and a ship has250 enlisted peo- Also, during simulated cruises pier- Team who explained the Navy Ration ple onboard, what is themaximum side (Fast Cruises) the at-sea procedure System. amount the FSO can spend daily? for taking ration credit shouldbe used. Q. What is a ration? A. That is figured by multiplying the Q. Some ships serve night meals; A. A ration is one day’s legal allow- BDFA by the number on board: $3.41 what are they? ance of foodfor one person. Three X 250 people $852.50. I still find it A; Night meals are fullmeals offered meals-usually breakfast,lunch and amazing that the Navy can serve three to enlisted members who missed a meal dinner-equal one ration. well prepared, balanced meals aday during normal serving hours because of Q. Whodetermines the amount of (which allow for serving“seconds”) for night watches or other duties. A person money the unit’s Food Service Office that little money. who has eaten three meals during nor- (FSO)can spend to feed oneperson Q. What percentage of the BDFA is mal hours is not entitledto anight meal. three meals for one day? spent for each meal? Any time night meals are served, the A. That is done by the Navy Food A. The proper percentage is 20 per- FSO can claim ration credit. Service Office inWashington, D.C. cent of BDFA for breakfast;40 percent Q. What is thedefinition of Mid- NAVFSSO issues a directive each quar- for lunch; and 40 percent for dinner. Rations (MidRats)? ter which prescribes the money allow- That works outto about$.68 for break- A. MidRats are food items such as ance each FSO can spend to feed one fast,and $1.36 each forlunch and soups,crackers, sandwiches, leftovers person a ration day. a The money allow- supper. and other inexpensive dishes normally ance is called the Basic Daily Food Q. Referring only to sea duty, what is offered to sailors before assuming the Allowance (BDFA). the definition of in port? mid-watch and to those who are being Q. Whymust NAVFSSO re- A. That means the ship is berthed or relieved. evaluate the BDFA quarterly? atanchor in the United Statesor Q. Can the FSO claim ration credit A. Because thecost of fooditems overseas. for MidRats? fluctuates from day to day. The only Q. If the ship is in port, can the FSO A. No, because MidRats are offered way the Navy can ensurethat each ship claim themaximum daily ration to personnel who have alreadyeaten and station will get enough money to allowance for the entire crew? breakfast, lunch and dinner during nor- feed their crews is by adjusting BDFA A. No. In port, the FSO can submit mala serving hours.The Ration Law as needed. Some recent BDFAs were: claim only for the numberof meals and specifies that only one ration creditper I January30 March 1979: $3.36 per portionsactually served. The FSO is day per person may be claimed. This is day per person required toaccurately count the why ships and stations cannot affordto 1 April30 June 1979: $3.41 per day number of persons actually fed while serve expensive dishes during MidRats. per person the ship is in port and is only paid for Perhaps with this information, it will Currently, the $3.41 per day BDFA that number of rations. That is why it is be easier forsailors everywhere to applies only to overseas personnel sta- very important for the leading chief to understand why all of theirfavorite tionedashore and to personnelstati- accuratelyestimate howmany foods can’t be served all of the time. The oned in ships. Personnelstationed members of the crew are going to eat in daily allowancefor food is specified by ashore within thecontinental United the enlisted dining facilityat each meal higher authority and the food service States are allotted$3.30 per day. Ships while the ship is in port. officer must stay within his budget. which feed 149or less at any given meal Q. And if the ship is under way? Still, Navy people are the best fed sail- are allotted an extra $.25 per day; sub- A. Then isit assumed that all ors in the world.

19 motorcycles and stacks of furniture. It let anyone put him on a shelf. He’s in Aerial Target Tests was a change of home port that gave charge of rock-crushing operations at dependents the opportunity to spend a the Orote Point quarry on Guam; and day and night aboard the ship that is every working day he puts his muscle The Navy’snew BQM-74C surface home away from home for their Navy against time and cranky machinery in and air launchable aerial targetis being men. the same steady way he’s been doing his tested at the PacificMissile Test Center, “It was a great experienceand Iloved job for years. Point Mugu, Calif. The new target is an the chanceto share that part of my hus- Dunlop was 17 when he joined the improved version of the MQM-74C band‘s life,” said one wife. Navy in 1943 in Seattle. Chukar in use by the U.S.Navy and 1 1 The several families on board Gua- “I took boots in Williamsburg, Va. I allied nations. dalcanal have since set uphousekeeping don’t know when I first heard about the The current testis the firstof a three- in the Philadelphia area,where they will Seabees,” he said. phaseprogram. These captive flight reside while Guadalcanal is in dry dock. He was assigned to NCB 9 at Port tests will evaluate how well the target ”J03 Dean R. Sprague can withstand the rigors of being at- Hueneme, Calif., asa Construction tached to a high-performance aircraft. DriverSeaman Apprentice, and was Technical evaluations of surface and deployed with the unit to Tinian. “We aeriallaunches will take place in the called our outfit plain old ‘Nine.’ There second phase, scheduled to run through were so many damn battalions of Sea- August. Included will be some arrested bees back then I think they ran out of landings and catapult launches to take nicknames. place at the Naval Air TestCenter, “When we got to Tinian there were Patuxent River, Md. snipers all around,” said Dunlop. “And The target will return to Point Mugu they were still therewhen we pulled out. for operational evaluation,beginning in At night we could see the lights from October, which will be conducted by the their cigarettes. Our night patrols Operational Test and Evaluation Force. weren’t very effective. The new BQM-74C will be used for “The Japanese would come down at various missions such as training pilots night and steal supplies.Even with dou- in air-to-air combat and as a targetfor ble guards, itdidn’t seem to matter. anti-aircraft gunnery and surface-to-air Those guys couldsneak away with missiles. It will also be used to simulate anything.” a cruise missile profile launched from beyond the horizon. The Japanese eventually found their task hopeless and they began to sur- render to the Americans in a slow but constant trickle. But, some of the snip- Sharing the Ride ersstuck around. Dunlop remembers when one Seabee was shot off a steam For families of the crew aboard USS ‘Gotta’ RetireSoon shovel. Guadalcanal (LPH 7), it was an oppor- “That shovel just kept spinning tunitythat doesn’t comealong very His features andhis gray hair suggest aroundand around until someone often. that he’s been around. He has, since could finally get to it.” They took part in the ship’s 25-hour 1943. Equipment Operator First Class The battalion left Tinian in ‘45 and journey from Norfolk,Va., to the Phila- Mickey Dunlop has spent 17 of his 52 became part of theinvasion force delphia Naval Shipyard for a routine years as a Seabee. More important, he headed for Okinawa. “Supposedly, the overhaul. In addition to her crew, Gua- started with the originals-the fighting Marines always went in before the Sea- dalcanal carried wives, children, cats, Seabees of World War 11. . bees, since we weren’t to be used as front dogs and, instead of helicopters on her Attached to Naval Mobile Construc- line forces,” Dunlopsaid. “But you deck,there were cars,trucks, vans, tion Battalion62, Dunlop isn’t about to couldn’t prove it by some of us. Orders

20 . ALL HANDS got mixed up and the Seabees got there The young Seabees at OrotePoint- ing a unique radar system designed to before the Marines. We were welcomed some as young as Dunlop when he first helphigh-speed ships avoid floating by enemy fire.” enlisted-rib him about his age: “Hey objects in their path. Seabees grew accustomed to chang- old man! Get off that ’dozer before you Radar echoes from floating debris ing from their “we build” role to their have heart failure!” such as oil drums, logs andother “we fight” role on a moment’s notice. Dunlop doesn’t mind. He just asks smaller articles normally cannot be One night onOkinawa, Dunlop the “kids” when they’re going to learn detected by conventional radar, except thought his number was up. Enemy the construction trade. in very mild sea states. As is usually the troops had broken through the camp’s J02 P.M. Callaghan case, echoes from debris aremasked by other echoes from a disturbed sea surface. Radar Echoes The new radar concept being developed at NRL permits sea-return echoes Scientists atthe Naval Research to be distinguished from echoes of rigid Laboratory in Wash., D.C., are build- floating debris.

homeported ship and discussedhis Champ Visits career and plans for retirement. Ali was in Sydney as part of a world exhibition Heavyweightboxing champion tour andCochrune was there to partici- Muhammad Ali recentlypaid a surprise pate in a tri-national7th Fleet exercise. visit to theguided missile destroyer USS With Ali are (1-r) Cochrune’s com- Cochrune (DDG 21) in Sydney, Aus- manding officer, Commander Mack C. tralia. Ali signed autographs for crew Gaston; his wife Lillian; and Ali’s wife memberstheofPearl Harbor Veronica.

perimeter and he wound up ina foxhole firing his carbine. “We came close to being overrun that time, *’he said. “I could see a lot of shapes, but no faces.” American planes could be nearly as dangerous. While Dunlop stood alongside a causeway, one of the Corsairs lost power, skipped across the water like a flat rock and slid onto the beach about 30 feet from wherehe was standing. “Happened every now and then.” Although Dunlop had some memor- able times, “Home soundedawful good right about then.” And in 1945 that’s where he went, home to be discharged. Dunlop put onhis Seabee greens again in 1948. Since then, he’s been in and out of the Navy but says this is his last stint. “I’m getting too old-gotta retire sometime.”

JULY 1979 21 rapher’s Mate Second Class K.D. Paterno’s citizens to the California city Firs$ of a Kind Homedale-now proudly wear original last year. evidence of their professionalism in sur- Navymen toured Paterno’s city hall face warfare skills. and shared lunch with members of the local government. Stopsat Paterno’s How do you go about awarding an Norman Castle, theChurch of Saint insignia that isn’t available? You make Barbara,and a pleasantexcursion it yourself, that’s how;and that’s exactly through towngave the visitors a view of what happened this March aboardUSS Sicily not often found in her portcities. Nimitz (CVN 68). In return for their hospitality, Santa Last December the Chiefof Naval Barbara hosted several hundred visitors Operations authorized theEnlisted Sur- aboard ship the following day. School face Warfare Specialist (ESWS) qualifi- children were especially interested in a cationprogram. Those Navy people helicopter demonstration. meeting requirements are authorized to Citizens of Paterno also challenged wear the silver cutlass breast insignia of Santa Barbara’s “Saints” to compete in an Enlisted Surface Warfare Specialist. a variety of sporting events, a full-day However, the insignia wasn’t available affair that delighted spectators. Losing until late April. 12 Years in basketball, volleyball, soccer and Since the pins weren’t available, Nim- tying in baseball were a bit of a surprise itz’ engineering officer suggested, half Without a Scratch to the “Saints,” who had little idea the jokingly, that they be made on board. competition was going to be so tough. Flying P3-C aircraft,“Blue Dragons” Twenty-two man-hourslater, three Before saying goodbye, citizensof of Patrol Squadron Fifty, homeported gleaming, finished ESWS insignias Paterno, the orange-producing capital at Moffett Field, Calif., logged in their were ready. of Sicily, gave the crew a bountiful To make the pins, Dental Technician 90,000th hour recently, marking 12 con- secutive years of accident-free flying. supply of oranges. They also presented Third Class Leonard0Pina, used the a beautifully framed por- VP-50’s continuedemphasis on the ship with “lost wax” technique, a centuries old trait of Saint Barbara, a book on the safety earnedthe squadron a salute process for casting metals in great history of Paternoand Sicily, and a detail. Basically, the technique involves from Rear Admiral Charles0. Prindle, carving a finely detailed original in wax, Pacific commander ofNavy patrol then encasing this original in the center squadrons, during a special celebration of a block of a cement-like substance. A to commemorate the occasion. small hole is left in the block and, when the cement has hardenedaround the original, the block is heated to melt the Visit to Paterno waxwhich is then poured out of the hole. Santa Barbara, Calif., and Paterno, Back throughthe same holegoes Sicily, are some 8,500 miles, two seas molten metal. Thiscombination is and a significant cultural distance apart. placed in a centrifuge and spun at high Yet, they historically share the name of speed to force the metal into the fine Saint Barbara, patron saint of Paterno details of the cavity. When the whole and patroness of all cannoneers. thing cools, the mold is broken apart Navy men ofUSS Santa Barbara (AE leaving a casting in the exact shape of 28), currently deployed in the Mediter- the wax model. ranean,brought these two cultures Thanks to DT3Pina’s skillin this art, together recently when they visited three of his shipmates-Chief Quarter- Paterno, a smallinland community master A.J. Panko, ChiefBoatswain’s near the port of Catania. The visit fol- Mate L.D. Layman and Photog- lowed an earlier trip by a number of 22 ALL HANDS small replica of the Norman Castle. In appreciation, the sailors gave the Sicil- ians a plaque with the ship’s seal and an assortment of pictures taken of the Santa Barbara. As a special gift, Paterno was given an American flag, which townspeople said they wanted to display at their city hall. When the brief exchange between ship andcity drew to a close, there was a bond of friendship andgood feeling between the two-strong enough to suggest that the two cultures are, after all, not really that far apart.

Helo Hop

Rising out of the morning fog, six HS-12 helicopters left San Diego runner of similar Navy installations on recently for Norfolk, Va., and their new Eyes That Speak the East Coast that are scheduled to be home with CVW-11, embarked in USS automated within the next two years. America (CV 66). They made the4,000- mile journey in four days, with over- Air traffic controllers at the Navy’s night stops at several Air Force bases to Fleet Area Control and Surveillance refuel. Facility (FACSFAC)at San Diego Marine at the .Helm In preparation for the cross-country monitor a 600,000-square-mile area trek, the squadron’s maintenance crews over the Pacific Ocean andcontrol A Marine at thehelm of a Navy ship spent weeks changing engines and going about 250 to 300 Navy aircraftthat is unusual to say the least. Tradition or over each aircraft from top to bottom. enter this offshore area everyday. A not, Lance Corporal Curtis L. Coker, To reduceweight, each helo carried joint effort between the Navy and the captain’s orderly aboardthe carrier minimum crew and gear. FederalAviation Administration USS Saratoga (CV 60), made up his As they flew over the mountainpeaks (FAA) has now made this job a lot eas- mindtobecome a full-fledged of California andArizona, thin air ier, safer-and faster. helmsman. threatened the rotary engines. At these Recently, FACSFAC became the From his first day on the bridge of high altitudes, hail, sleet, freezing rain firstNavy facility to tie into FAA’s “Sara,” Cokerwanted to be at the helm. or snow could quickly weigh down the National Airspace System at Palmdale, He logged in 20 hours preparingfor the .helos. The six finely tuned birds were Calif. The San Diego facility, in fact, is test that would qualify him. unaffected, however, and thefirst leg of the first non-FAA designed computer The night after he qualified, Coker the midwinter odyssey ended without to tie into the FAA tracking system. was back on the bridge, this time work- even a ruffled feather. The high-speed computer interface ing to become a “master” helmsman. Passing over the winteryplains of system will relay to the Navy’s FACS- Guiding a large ship during underway Texas and the Mississippi Valley, rain FAC computer all flight data on aircraft refueling operations, or when mooring shadowed their flight. As theairmen departing Miramar, El Toro, and other or passing throughstraits can be a approached their destination, however, militarybases in Southern California tricky business. unseasonablymild temperatures from FAA’s Palmdale Control Center “It just takes time,” said Coker, “but greeted their touchdown at theNorfolk at the rate of 3,600 words per minute. the first time is the hardest.” Naval Air Station. TheFACSFAC facilityis a fore- ”JOSN B.J. Wirkowski JULY 1979 23 Who goes where and why BY JO1 DAVIDA MAlTHEWS The job detailers perform goes far In addition to theirregular duties, past the 500 sets of Permanent Change detailersgetinvolved in other Few Navy jobs are as rewarding, yet of Station (PCS) ordersthey issue each assignments. as frustrating asbeing a detailer. Detail- day. Controlling the immediate futures “They are the local, and most easily ers are caught betweenfulfilling the of thousands of Navy men and women accessible experts,”CDR Hanley desires of the men and women they andtheir families is an exacting and explained. “They may beasked to make serve and meeting the needs of the fleet. demanding business. recommendations or review changes in On theaverage, each of the 180 detail- “Detailing is more thanjust theactual a training program for their rate.Some ers of the Enlisted Assignment Division, writing of orders,” said Commander serve on selection boardsfor E-7/9, Naval Military PersonnelCommand J.J. Hanley, branch head for technical QualityControl Boards, Humanitari- (NMPCA), located in Washington, rating distribution (NMPC-406). “Each an/Hardship Discharge boards- D.C., is directly responsible forthe phone call, letter, special request or anything having to dowith a particular careers of some 2,000 petty officers and piece of official correspondence a rating means the detailer may be called designated strikers. (Enlisted Personnel detailer receives has to be researched upon for input.” Management Center,New Orleans, La., and answered in a timely fashion. Situa- OSMC Charles Artis is never far fromthe distributes all non-designated person- tions change daily and everything a telephone-and the explanations about who nel, E-3 and below.) detailer does has to be on a short fuse.” goes where and why. Selecting detailers-or those who serve as detailers-is, in itself, a serious business. The detailer selection process begins when the in-house detailer nears completion of his or her ownthree-year tour of duty. He or she screens the records of those available for PCS orders-allin the proper time frame. The detailer passes the records of the best candidates to the branch head who makes further recommendations. From there the division director makes aten- tative selection. “We then contact the candidate’s command to ensure the candidate’s performance hasbeen sustained at the high level noted in the record,” CDR Hanley “We often getcalls from division lish a rapport that will last throughout said. “We also contact the individual officers or COS of the people we detail their Navy careers. concerned to feel out his or her attitude and we welcome their interest and con- “Senior petty officers know that the towards assignment in Washington. cern,” he said. “In this particular case, I detailer is there to serve them,” the mas- “Detailing is a high pressure job-if had already explained to thechief what ter chief continued. “They know from the person has anymisgivings, we want we had to do. He hasorders in hand and \pastexperience how they can help to know before we do any assigning.” his reliefhas been ordered in,so approv- themselves by helping their detailers.” Master Chief Operations Specialist ing his sea duty extension would place According to Master Chief Sonar Charles Artis has served for nearly two him in excess. Technician Robert Beaty, a detailer for years as detailer for E-7/9 operations “The chief told me that he was pur- the ST rating, an up-to-date Enlisted specialists (OS) and supervisor for the chasing ahome inthe Jacksonville area, Duty Preference Card is one of the most two detailers who assign E-6 and below. but we had no billets open there. Addi- important elements of a Navy career. “The rewards in this job far outnumber tionally, we are in dire need of instruc- “Detailers cannot read minds.And the frustrations. There’s a great deal of tors at our “A” school in Dam Neck,” often, when a seagoing rateis involved, satisfaction when youcan take what Artis said. “It’s only a matter of time the detailer cannot contact theindivid- seems like an impossible situation and before the entire rating structure would ual,” STCM Beaty said. “It might turn juggle things around so everyone comes suffer if we didn’t fill those instructor out that what the detailer thinks you out happy,” OSCM Artis said. billetswith qualified people. Wecan wantcould be 180 degrees outfrom “Of course, that doesn’t happen all only hope that those involved can see what you actually desire. the time. There are billets in the Navy past !heir owninconvenience tothe “If we have twopeople ready for that are traditionally hard to fill. But greater good of the rating community.” orders and one has an up-to-date Duty those billets exist fora purpose. As “It would be terrific if we could give Preference Card on file, we can more detailers, one of our responsibilities is everyonethe orders they want,” said readily meet that person’sdesires,” filling billets so a command or unit can CDR Hanley. “We realize that the CDR Hanley explained. “That leaves continue to function smoothly. detailer is a key player in the retention the personwith no current DutyPrefer- “Youmay not enjoy telling people effort. ence Card to fill whatever high priority that they are going to a duty station “If we can accommodatean individu- billet is open. If we have noindications, where they don’t particularly like to go, al’s request, we will,”CDR Hanley said. either through a Duty Preference Card, but it’s part of the job andsomeone has “With senior petty officers, we have a letter or phone call, we have to assume, to do it.” high success rate-nearly 90 percent of for purposes of detailing, that the per- Almost as if to illustrate the master the orders we write are in accordance son has noparticular desires and will be chiefs comments, the phone rings. A with the person’s duty preferences. satisfied with wherever we send him or senior officer aboard aship homeported However, the rate for our juniorpeople her. We know the assumption may be in Mayport, Fla., wants to know why is much lower, around 60 percent.” wrong, but in many cases we have no his leading chiefs request for extension “We are trying to dispel the reluc- other recourse. of sea duty was denied. And if he can’t tance junior peopleseem to have incon- “The special comments section on the stay onsea duty, why wasthe chief given tacting their detailers,” OSCM Artis card is yourchance to inform the orders to Dam Neck, Va., instead of the said. “For example, we try to talk with detailer of any factors that couldinflu- Jacksonville, Fla., area he wanted. Artis all “A” schoolgraduates before they ence your orders,” CDR Hanley said. patiently explained the situation. leave school. We feel that it will estab- “For example, if you are married to JULY 1979 25 armed to help not only their own people computerreadout called an Enlisted but other ratings aswell. We can cover Assignment Document(EAD). . This nearly every Navy activity in the world containsa summary of your service in an 18-month cycle,” CDR Hanley recordand any duty preferences you said. may have on file. Thedetailer notes “These trips are both physically and whether your next assignmentwill beat mentally demanding,” the commander sea or shore, then verifies the informa- continued. “The detailers are constantlytion on theEAD and may try to contact on the go,with the length of theirwork- you if possible. ing day determined, by the number of With your EADin hand, the detailer people waiting to talk with them. We’ve then consults the Standard Personnel foundthat even onthose occasions Requisition, a list of billets that need to when thedetailers have achance to be filled in priority order. relax at theclub orother gathering “It would simplify the job considera- place, people who were reluctant to see blyif all thedetailer had to do was them inan official capacity will come up match a namewith the billet on the top andtalk shop. The detailers expect of the list,” CDR Hanley said. “But this-that’s why they are there.” there are other facts to consider.” If the personis within four monthsof One of those factorsis fleet balance, a a rotation date, the detailer can consult term used to describe efforts to keep information he or she carries and try to both fleets manned at the samelevel for match up the sailor’s desires to actual each particular rate and rating. Detail- fleet needs. ers are tasked with maintainingthat “In this day of chits and forms and manning balance within five percent at everything in triplicate, it makes a big all times. impression when a detailerflips through Another considerationis cost. “As an some computer readoutsand answers a example of just how costly PCS moves sailor’s question immediately with are,” CDR Hanley said, “theNavy pays ‘How soon can you be ready to go?’ ” $5,329,to move an E-5 with two depend- another service member, or yourspouse Master Chief Beaty said. “That ability ents from Norfolkto Hawaii. That same is employed in some unique occupation, to make an on-the-spot commitment is E-5 costs ‘us $1 1,667 ifwe move him or you have a handicapped-dependent invaluable to our retention effort.” from Italy to the Philippines. who requires special care or educational The.actua1 detailingprocess for your ’ . “‘PCS moves are expensive and facilities, thedetailer would certainly next set of ordersstarted when you detailers must .make each set of orders consider these situations before issuing reportedaboard your present ‘corn-. as cost effective as possible.” any orders. mand. Your projected rotation date ’ Detailersalso must considerprior Enlisted Duty PreferenceCards filled (PRD) was entered on theenlisted mas- training and NECs. As the Navy out in “A” school are not a partof per- terrecord in acomputer. Then, nine becomes more technical, the numberof manentrecord. Those cards are used months before your rotation date, your NECs is increasing.The electronics only for your initial set of orders. name appearson a computer-generated technician(ET) rating alone has 85 A new Duty Preference Card, availa- PRD loss report. Among other things, separate NECs. If a billet has a particu- ble through career counselors or per- this. tells your detailer where you are, lar NEC requirement, the detailer either sonnel offices, should be submitted for your NECs andhow long you have been has to find someone with the NEC or,at every change of mind or circumstances. onsea or shore duty. greater expense, arrange for schooling Detailer trips to thefleet are another Normally,a detailer cannot write so someone can acquire that NEC. way the Naval Military Personnel Com- orders for anyone past a four-month “It’s just good personnel and money .mand communicates with thepeople point, so he concentratesefforts on management to make sure we use ev- they serve. .This personalapproach those .people. Exceptions to this might eryone ‘to his or her full potential,” allo’ws~ detailersto meet with many of be issuing ordersfor a reenlistment CDR Hanley said. their constituentson aone-to-one basis. incentive, homeportshift or, to pre- Other factors the detailers take into But, perhapsmore importantly, fleet clude imposing a hardshipon someone accountinclude special. programs. trips are .tangibleproof of the detailers’ in an isolated area where orders are There are any numberof retention pro- willingness to go out of their way, to put required well in advance to move house- grams which may apply to your assign- forth that extra effort. hold goods. ment, such as GUARD 111, STAR or “We select groups of detailers to When you reach thatfour-month SCORE. Also, you could be considered represent all ratings, thensend them out point,your detailer receives another for one. of many high priority billets

26 n ALL HANDS such as instructor, recruiting or recruit four monthsof your rotation date, your ences, the detailer writes your orders. company commander duty. “Thesejobs name comes uponthe detailer’s Still the jobis not finished. If you do require our very best people and we are Enlisted Assignment Document. not meet all the requirements for orders, always on the lookout for candidates,” After studying availablebillets on the such as having sufficient time left in the the commander explained. StandardPersonnel Requisition and Navy, thedetailer must arrangethat Insummary, the detailer sees you taking into consideration other factors paperwork. If you are reenlisting under listed on the PRD loss report,nine such as costs, service needs, NECs, spe- a special program, and the orders are months before yourtransfer. Within cial programsand your duty prefer- not to your liking, the detailer will go New jobs for women

During the next few years, as ability to do repetitive tasks while instruments used by the Navy. more women report to sea duty, paying close attention to detail. Some IMs go from the 18-19 week some will wear ratingbadges After a 13-14 week “A” school “A” school at Great Lakes to on- never before worn by women. in San Diego, Calif., molders may the-job training at their first duty Four moreratings, dealing be assigned to navalshipyards and assignment. Others apply for primarily with shipboardfunc- other shore based repair facilities advanced training at “C” school. tions and mostly aboard tenders, inthe United Statesor overseas, IMswork alone with little Opticalman have been opened to women. They but usually can expect to spend supervision in repair shops ashore are: opticalman(OM), molder approximately 60-70 percent of or aboard repair ships, tenders or (ML),patternmaker (PM), and their Navy careers assigned to in aircraftcarriers, spending as instrumentman(IM). (The in- fleet units such as tenders or repair much as 50-60 percent of their strumentmanrating includes ships. Thereare fewer than 200 time assigned to fleet units. An precision instrumentman (PI) at billets formolders in the Navy instrumentmanbecomes a the E-9 level.) and, at this time, entry into the precision instrumentman at the E- Opticalman. Scientificallyac- rating by women is controlled.9 level.At presentthere are less x curate instruments used as visual Patternmakers. Working close- than 500 instrumentmenin the Molder aidsare required in navigation, ly with molders are patternmakers Navy. Entrance into the rating is aviation and weapons systems in whohelp producemetal parts in open to women. However, they theNavy. These include thefoundry by constructing would not be assigned to aircraft binoculars,sextants, drafting patterns around which a mold is carriers on a permanent basis. machines, opticalgunsights and formed.In their 20-week “A” Of themore than 70 ratings in periscopes.Specialists called school in San Diego, PMs learn the .Navy, only those few which opticalmen keep these instru- drafting, carpentry, metalworking are found in combat-related areas ments in good working condition. skills andshop mathematics; “C” are closed to women. These Graduates of the 16-week OM schoolconsists of 11 weeks of includeaviation antisubmarine “A” school at Great Lakes,Ill., go training in foundry work. At the warfare operator (AW), crypto- Patternmaker to advance “C” school orare E-8/9 level, the patternmaker and logic technician interpretive assigned to tenders, repair ships ormolder rates are combined and all (CTIO, electronics warfare tech- repair facilities ashore. Usually, PMs become MLs. nician (EW),controlfire tech- OMS spend 50 to 60 percent of Like molders, patternmakers nician (including ballistic and theircareers assigned to fleet spend about 60-70 percent of their surface missile-FT, RB,FTM), units.Opportunity for entrance careerswith fleet units. gunner’s mate missiles (GMM), into this rating is good. Instrumentman. Navy instru- gas turbine systems technician(in- Molders. Molders work in mentmen install, service, repair, cluding electrical and mechanical foundries where molten metals are adjustand calibrate a widevariety -GS,GSE, GSM), missile formed into parts.To qualify, you of small machines such as scales, technician(MT) and sonar should have a workingknowledge meters,recorders, watches and technician (including surface and A of tools, equipment andmachines; clocks.They work from submarine-ST, STG,STS). Instrument- have physical strength,manual blueprintsand schematics to man dexterity,resourcefulness theand maintain or repair mechanical

JULY 1979 27 back and try towork something out to Billet C. But a detailer may take the give your detailer a call. Certain over- your satisfaction, if it is possibleto do so same set of circumstances and decide seas locations, such as Subic Bay, have and still remain within the laws and that, initially, it may be more cost effec- established retention hot lines that you guidelines he or she must follow. tive to send Sailor A to Billet C. But, in can use to call your detailer. If you can’t Computers areused extensively inthe the long run, it might be well worth the phone, write a personal letter. LINK, a detailing process “. . . but only as a tool few extra dollars to send Sailor B to that quarterly publication produced by to help us do ourjobs, not do our jobs billet. NMPC, has telephone numbersand for us,” OSCM Artis emphasized. “If a person requested a certain job, addresses. “Anyone who thinks orders are issued that decisionis bound to reflect “Your detailer is the person who can mechanically, without careful thought favorably on his job performance. And help you get where you want to go,” and consideration is terribly wrong. getting the billet he wanted will prob- Master Chief Beatysaid. “We have been “I suppose it would bepossible to ably influence any career decision through many of the same situations program a computer efficiently enough towards retention, thus saving the Navy you are going through-weknow all to take intoaccount all the varying fac- the thousands of dollars invested in his about all the problems of uprooting a tors and match up a name and a billet,” training and experience.” family and we haven’t forgottenthe Master ChiefBeaty said. “Detailers Detailers cannot fully serve youif you arduousness of sea duty. provide the human element. A compu- don’t communicate your desires. If you “We understand, empathize-even ter may ‘say’ it is more cost effective to have a problem or a question that your sympathize with you. But you have to send Sailor A instead of Sailor B to you with, meet us halfway.” & uetailer hone hurnbers SEABEE & DIVER NMPC 402D (PERS 5122) NMPC 403D (PERS 5132) ASSIGNMENT BRANCH (A) 291-5793 (A) 291-5813/5829 (C) 301-427-5793 (C) 301-427-5813/5829 (NMPC 401) Electrician’s Mate (EM) Strategic Weapons Ratings NMPC 401C (PERS 5111) (A) 291-5791 NMPC 403E (PERS 5133) (A) 291-5762 (C) 301-427-5791 (A) 291-5830 (C) 301-427-5762 Interior Communications Electrician (C) 301-427-5830 Construction Electrician (CE) (IC) Submarine Basic Training Utilitiesman (UT) Nuclear Field (A) 291-5796 Strategic Weapom Training Engineering Aid (EA) (C) 301-472-5796 Builder (BU) Machinery Repairman (MR) AVIATION RATING Steelworker (SW) Opticalman (OM) Equipment Operator (EO) Instrumentman (IM) ASSIGNMENT BRANCH Construction Mechanic (CM) Patternmaker (PM) (NMPC 404) COMtruCtiOtUllPn (cu) Precision Instrumentman (PI) Equipmentman (EQ) Molder (ML) Constructionman/Apprentice(CA NMPC 404C (PERS 5141) /CN) NMPC 402E (PERS 5123) (A) 291-5884 (C) 301-427-5884 NMPC 401D (PERS 5112) (A) 291-5786 Aviation ASW Technician (AX) (C) 301-427-5786 Aviation Electrician’s Mate (AE) (A) 291-5771/5772/5773 Hull Maintenance Technician (HT) (C) 301-427-5771/5772/5773 Avionics Technician (AV) Divers Aviation Fire Control Technician (AQ) (A) 291-5783 Aviation Electronics Technician (AT) UDT (C) 301-427-5783 EOD Aviation Ordnanceman (AO) Engineman (EN) Tradevman (TD) SEAL Gas Turbine System Technician (GS) NMPC 404D (PERS 5142) ENGINEERING & HULL SUBMARINE, NUCLEAR POWER, RATING ASSIGNMENT BRANCH POLARIS/POSEIDONASSIGN- (A) 291-5875 (NMPC 402) (C) 301-427-5875 MENT BRANCH Aviation Boatswain’s Mate (AB) (NMPC 403) Air Controlman (AC) NMPC 402C (PERS 5121) Aviation Machinist’s Mate (AD) (A) 291-5776 NMPC 403C (PERS 5131) Aerographer’s Mate (AG) (C) 301-427-5776 AviationSupport Equipment Techni- (A) 291-5813 cian (AS) Machinist’s Mate (MM) (C) 301-427-5813 Boiler Technician (BT) Nuclear Power Ratings

28 ALL HANDS Detailer PhoneNumbers (cont.) AviationMaintenance Administra- Fire Control Technician (FT) SERE Instructors tionman (AZ) Gunner’s Mate (GM) AFEES Photographer’s Mate (PH) SGT Majors Academy Aircrew Survival Equipmentman (PR) (A) 291-5850 Operation Deep Freeze (C) 301-427-5850 Equal Opportunity Program Specialist NMPC 404E (PERS 5143) Sonar Technician (ST) Human Resources Management Torpedoman’s Mate (TM) Specialist (A) 291-5867 Mineman (MN) DrugIAlcohol Abuse Counselors (C) 301-427-5867 Ocean Systems Technician (OT) LMTILMET Aircraft Maintenanceman (AF) Aviation Structural Mechanic (AM) (A) 291-5847 NMPC 4921) (PERS 5022) Aviation ASW Operator (AW) (C) 301-427-5847 Naval Aircrew (A) 291-5618 Operations Specialist (OS) (C) 301-427,5618 Electronic Warfare Technician (EW) ADMIN/DECK/SUPPLY RATING Washington Area Major HQ Staffs Washington Area Flag Writers ASSIGNMENT BRANCH NMPC 406D (PERS 5162) Joint Staffs-MAAGS & Missions (NMPC 405) (A) 291-5856 Personnel Exchange Program (PEP) (C) 301-427-5856 Flag Quarters Mess Management NMPC 405C (PERS 5151) Electronics Technician (ET) SpecirlistlMajor Flag Messes Ashore (A) 291-5729 (A) 291-5960 (C) 301-427-5729 (C) 301-427-5860 MUSICIAN ASSIGNMENT Journalist (JO) Radioman (RM) BRANCH Lithographer (LI) (A) 291-586415865 (NMPC 724) Yeoman (YN) (C) 301-427486415865 Personnelman (PN) Data Processing Technician (DP) NMPC 724 (PERS 724) Postal Clerk (PC) Data Systems Technician (DS) Illustrator Draftsman (DM) (A) 224-4630/4650/4631/4609 Leplman (LN) NMPC 406E (PERS 5163) (C) 202-694-4630/4650/4631/4609 Musician (MU) Intelligence Specialist (IS) (A) 224-3131 Religious Program Specialist (RP) (C) 202-694-3131 ENLISTED PERSONNEL Communications Technician (CT) NMPC 405D (PERS 5152) MANAGEMENT CENTER (A) 291-5740 MEDICAL/DENTAL RATING New Orleans, La. (C) 301-427-5740 ASSIGNMENT BRACH Aviation Storekeeper (AK) (NMPC 407) (A) 363-1571 Disbursing Clerk (DK) (C) 504-948-1571 Mess Management Specialist (MS) Seaman (LANTFLT) Ship’s Serviceman (SH) NMPC 407C (PERS 5171) Storekeeper (SK) (A) 291-5705 (A) 363-1430/1420 (C) 301-427-5705 (C) 504-948-1430/1420 NMPC 405E (PERS 5153) Hospital Corpsman (HM) Seaman (PACFLT) (A) 291-5753 Dental Technician (DT) (C) 301-427-5753 (A) 363-1435 Boatswain’s Mate (BM) RECRUITING/SPECIAL (C) 504-948-1435 Quartermaster (QM) PROGRAMS Airman (LANTFLT) Signalman (SM) (NMPC 492) (A) 363-1588 Master-At-Arms (MA) (C) 504-948-1588 TECHNICAL RATING NMPC 492C (PERS 5021) Airman (PACFLT) ASSIGNMENT BRANCH (A) 291-5613 (A) 363-1570 (NMPC 406) (C) 301-427-5613 (C) 504-948-1570 Recruiters Fireman (LANTFLT) Career Counselors NMPC 406C (PERS 5161) Navy Counselors (NC) (A) 363-5128 (A) 291-5844 Recruit Company Commanders (C) 504-948-5128 (C) 301-427-5844 USS Constitution Fireman (PACFLT)

D etailer MessageDetailer Recording Service Enlisted Assignment NMPC Code Autovon

If you cannot get a call through to your detailer on a Seabee/Diver/EOD/UDT/SEAL 401 291-5766 number listed above andyou have an urgent or time-sensitive Endneering-5780 402 message, you can leave a recorded message by calling one of NUCISeategiC-5823 WeaPonsIAUXlSTS 403 the following numbers. This service is to be used only if you Aviation-5834 404 are unable to contact your detailer during normal working Admin/DeCk/SuPPlY-5727 405 hours. AAW/ASW/COMM/OPS-5843 406 407 -5708HM/DT 407

JULY 1979 29 EINSTEIN

It has been saidthat Albert Einstein “was the only man who could speakacross the barriers of race, class and ideology, to people of good will anywhere.” Einstein is gone,but his spirit-it would seem-lives on. In a grove of towering elms and holly trees, his memorial-dedicated in April-is on the grounds of the National Academyof Sciences in Washington,

D.C. The sculpture is the work of New York artist Robert @\ \‘ Berks. Although Berks is best known for his bust of John F. \ Kennedy, his work also includes other suchnotables as Harry S Truman, Ernest Hemingway and Pablo Casals. / Einstein, in the familiar though somewhat rumpleddress of his later years, sits on a semicircular bench of white granite. One foot rests on the greater portionof the known universe, portrayed by a circular sky map.Set in Norwegian blacklar- vikite areabout 3,000 precisely positioned, stainless steel studs representing stars tothe sixth magnitude, as well as the planets, sun, moon and other celestial objects as they were aligned on the date of the memorial’s dedication. The location of each star was plotted by astronomers atthe U.S. Naval Observatory. In his left hand Einstein holds a paper bearingthree of his most important equations. Inscribed on the backwall of the bench are three of his more famous quotations, including: “The right to search for truthimplies also a duty; onemust not conceal any part of what one has recognized to be true.” ;t

30 ALL HANDS One Foot in the Universe Naval Aviation Museum

BY JO1 JERRY ATCHISON with the evolution of the aircraft carrier. Patterson Air Force Base in Ohio.) Backin 1975, when the museum The history of the NavalAviation This year, thestory of Naval opened, it contained only70,000 square Museum canbe traced to the beginnings Aviation-its growthand historic feet of the 260,000 square feet planned of Naval Aviationat Pensacola. In Jan- heritage-is going to be told more fully, for eventual construction on its 30-acre uary 1914, the USS Mississippiand the thanks to a new addition to the Naval site.Three additional increments USS Orion steamedinto Pensacola har- Aviation Museum in Pensacola, Fla. (Phase I1 is the first) are planned for borand deposited the Navy’s entire Called PhaseI1 inthe museum’s mas- construction as thefunds become inventory of aviation paraphernalia and ter building plan, it will add 60 percent available. personnel. There is some speculation more exhibit space to theexisting build- The state money was an unexpected that Naval Aviation was being sent to ing which was opened in 1975. gift made available after citizens of what was then a very remote old navy Scheduled to open this summer, the northwestFlorida pointed out the yard with the hope that the“flying fad” addition comesalong-fully paid for importance of the museum not only to would soon diminish and then die. and ready to serve museum visitors-at Naval Aviation butto the state of Flor- Instead, Naval Aviation flourished and an earlier datethan friends of the ida as well. This importance isbased developed into a primary striking arm museum might have expected. Thanks upon a variety of reasons: of the Navy. in part tothe state of Florida’s $500,000 Because Pensacola has been Naval Thus, it was only natural that thefirst grant that covered about one-half the Aviation’s home since 1914, the histo- museum be located at the spot where addition’sconstruction costs. The ries of Naval aviation andnorthwest Naval Aviation training began in ear- remainder was raised through private Florida are intertwined. This relation- nest and where that training continues donationsthetoNaval Aviation ship is presented vividly at themuseum. today. Museum Foundation, Inc. During its first four years, the Approved by the Secretary of the Present museum exhibits tell the museum has attractedabout 185,000 Navyin December 1962, the first basic history of Naval Aviation, from its visitors a year. That makes it theleading museum was set up toprovide acontin- birth in 1911 to the present. Phase I1 will man-made attractionin that part of the uing Navywide collection of aviation provide spaceto tell more fully the story state. material-planes, flight gear, photos of NavalAviation in WorldWar 11. It is the only museum,in the world and the like-all having historical, edu- New exhibits also will include depic- dedicated solely to telling the story of cational or inspirational significance. tions of the evolution of aircraft power Naval Aviation and it is one of three plants, the evolution of air frames and federally-sponsored aviation museums. other components like propellers, plus (The other two are the National Air and A reproduction of the Navy’sfirst aircraft, the space to give more recognition to indi- Space Museum of the Smithsonian and A-1 Triad, hovering over the 1973 Skylab com- vidual personnel and their efforts, along theAir Force museum atWright mand module. 32 ALL HANDS .I I Its mission then and now is to “select, collect, preserve and display’’ appro- priatememorabilia representative of the development, growth and historic heritage of UnitedStates Naval 1Aviation. That first museum, housed ina cramped,temporary World War I1 structure on base, opened to the public in the spring of 1963. As the artifacts began arriving from around the world, :the dwindling exhibit space became a problem, as did the need for construction funds. Appropriated funds cannot be used for museum construction. However, once construction has been completed and paid for, the Navy is permitted to maintain and support the museum. To help solve the problem of funds, AdmiralArthur W. Radford,former chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff under President Dwight D. Eisen- hower, formed a booster organization in 1966.Called theNaval Aviation Museum Association, Inc., it was char- tered under thelaws of Florida. Itspur- posewas to promote, foster and enhance the museum while also raising construction funds. Today, it’s called the Naval Aviation MuseumFoundation and, under the chairmanship of AdmiralThomas Moorer, also a former chairmanof the JCS, it maintains much the same rela- tionship with the museum as an alumni association does with a university. With the foundation’s help, then, the museum was built, paid for andopened to the public on April 13, 1975. Today,more than 100 aircraft belonging to the museum are the focal point of visitor interest. They,more than any single exhibit, point out the diversityand progress of Naval Aviation-from the reproductionof the !TED STATES NAVAL AVIATION Navy’s first airplane (the A-1 Triad) to the Skylab command module that carried a three-man, all-Navy crew to and

Clockwise, beginning lower left: Museum’s main display area, unhampered by supporting columns or beams; some of the more than 100 aircraft currently in the museum’s inventory; a WWII era bomber, once privately owned, was seized by US.Customs agents at New Orleans when its owner was caught trying to Jry drugs

into the country; an early two-seater trainer; , ,

andthe museum’s main entrance. I I 35 from Skylab in 1973. Betweenthis range charge from 9-5 every day of the year basis for establishing suitability of are aircraft marking Naval Aviation’s except Thanksgiving Day,Christmas materials for themuseum is determined milestones. The actual NC-4, first air- and New Year’s. by the extent to which acquisition of a plane to fly the Atlantic Ocean, is one particular item will assist the facility in Membership (see April 1979 All Hands). portraying the growth and traditionsof The story of Naval Aviation is also The Naval Aviation Museum Foun- Naval Aviation. shown by pictures, charts,diagrams, dation continues its efforts to raise The kind of material desired by the text, artifacts, models, as well as the air- funds for the planned museum expan- museum consists of such items as: air- planes. Historical movies of Naval Avi- sions in future years. Memberships are craft, including their parts; models of ation are shown in the theater daily available in a varietyof categories. aircraft and ships; engines and engine during the summer monthsand on Charter memberships are issued to indi- parts; instruments; ordnance;arma- weekends and holidays year round at no viduals donating $1,000 or more, organ- ment and air weapons; radios and elec- charge. (Nor is there, by the way, any izational memberships have a minimum tronicequipment; flight gear; charge for visiting the museum.) of $500, life memberships cost $100 and navigation aids; landing and launching The daily activites ofthe museum are “In memoriam” memberships honoring aids; and ship and squadron insignia. also an important part of the training deceased persons also have a $100 min- In the area of personal memorabilia routine of thestudent naval aviators imum. Annual memberships can be had arephotographs and photo albums, and naval flight officers in the Pensa- for $10. All memberships are engraved wing insignia, medals, uniforms or parts cola area.Orientation and training on plaques or shields, except annual of uniforms, flight clothing and strictly classesin Naval Aviation history are memberships, which are entered in the personal papers. conducted at the museum for students. museum’s log. Materials considered by commands On the eve of the Phase I1 opening, Youmay receive more information or individuals suitable for transfer to things are still bursting at the seams as about the foundation’s efforts or apply the Naval Aviation Museum should be aircraft memorabilia continue to pour for your own memberships by writing reported to the Director, Naval Avia- in.They come fromprivate citizens, The Naval Aviation Museum Founda- tion Museum, NAS Pensacola, Fla. naval activities, other museums and, tion, Inc., Pensacola, Fla. 32508. 32508. Thedirector will determine occasionally,some unconventional Museum Accessions whether the material is desirable and, if sources. Take the case of the Navy so, will notify the holder as toits dispo- PV-1 aircraft that was recently donated According toOpNav Instruction sition. Objects which cannot be easily by the General Services Administra- 5750.10C of 24 Jan 1977, the museum’s identified or associated with a special tion. It seems this privatelyowned director makes all accessionsin the event or person, yet appearto have World War II-era medium bomber had name of the Curator for the Depart- some value, should also be reported by been confiscated by the U.S. Customs ment of the Navy, ensuring inclusion in photograph. These photographs may Service in New Orleans after its owner departmental records and providing a reveal some significance which will lead had unsuccessfully attempted to use it central accountability. Primarily,the to preservation of the object. to smuggle drugs into theUnited States. Museum officials are uncertain as to whether they will restore the plane to its original Navy configuration and mark- ings or leave its distinctive customizing job as is. The opening of the new addition this summer is proof the museum is fulfilling its mission to the Navy, Naval Aviation and the visitor in particular. But that proof is available only if you drop by the museum. It is open to the public at no

Facing page-top left: Work continues on reconstructing, refitting old planes. Top right: All rhe work follows old plans. Middle, right: Old engine looks as good as the day it came off rhe assembly line. Bottom right: Every part of original engines receives thorough overhaul. Bottom lefr: Overall view of one of the museum’s repair shops. At right: Larger planes in the collection are securely tied down as protec- tion evenfrom hurricane force winds.

JULY 1979

His Eves Are on Olympic Gold

STORY BY J03 STEVE BELLOW PHOTOS BY JOl(SS) PETE SUNDBERG

It’s 530 a.m. and the mainroads around Washington, D.C., are relatively empty. The sun is beginning to rise and folks are either having their first cup of coffee or thinking about grab- bing a few extra winks. By comparison, thePotomac River is alive with activity. In spite of the early morning chill, men and women sweat over the oarsof everything from 12-foot kayaks to 61- foot, 8-man crew boats. The river takes on an airof confusion as watermen skull or sweep their way up the Potomac, often narrowly missing each other. Knowing therules of the roadis a must, but it’s noguarantee against collisions-and there are collisions! In the middleof this activity Lieuten- ant (juniorgrade) Robert D.-Espeseth, maintenance officer for the Naval Pho- tographic Center, has just completed 10 power strokes to pull ahead of a com- peting boat. Espeseth’s four-man crew then settles into a 30-stroke-per-minute cadence to maintain the lead. Like thousands of other young people, Espeseth began rowing soon after he entered college. Standing in the

Opposite page:Espeseth Cforward)and rowing partner put their boat through the paces.

kft: Espeseth and rowing partnerPaul Knight check out their rowing shell before starting the I day’s exercises. JULY 1979 39 freshman class registration line at the trained out of the same boat house and but the experience of having made it University of Wisconsin, he couldn’t be even inherited his dad‘s nickname, that far encourages him to try again. missed.His six-foot-four-and-a-half- “Espy.” “A guy has only one chance during a inch framelabeled him a potential can- “In collegiate rowing, it’s traditional lifetime to dothis,” says the 25-year-old didate for the school’s rowing team. to bet your shirt on a race,” explains athlete. “When youget older it’s usually University crew coaches were every- Espeseth. “By beating another team, too late.” where. They sized up all the athletic- you literally takethe shirts from the His goal this year is the annualWorld looking freshmen and talked to them backs of the losing crews.’’ During his Rowing Championships (September 3- about rowing. Before the new students four years at Wisconsin, Espeseth’s win- 9) at Bled in Yugoslavia. And then, the had a chance to enroll in history, Eng- nings included three varsity intercolle- 1980 Olympics in Moscow. Beforethese lish or math, they were encouraged to giate titles and 86 shirts. two events, however, Espeseth is gear- try out forthe crew team. But Espeseth Between 1973 and 1978, Espeseth ing up for competition in one ormore of didn’t have to be recruited. He followed competed in Europe on three separate the Pan Am (WesternHemisphere) inhis alumnus father’s footsteps (or occasions; he participated in the Not- Games early this summer. “Duddles” as Espeseth explains it), tingham International Regatta and the Espeseth’s training schedule is twice- Royal Henley Regatta in England. In a-day, year-round. This past winter he Below: Espeseth, crewing o four-man shell, 1976, hewas a member of the U.S. ran 10 miles a day. Twice a weekhe “moves the boat past the point where the oar Olympic teamwhich went to Montreal. swam several miles in an indoor pool. entered the woter.” As an alternaterower for the eight-man He worked out with weights, lifting 36 Below, right: Espeseth ond crew members of a sweep event, Espeseth did not get the to 37 tons each session. On Sundays, four-mon sweep. opportunity to compete in the games, Espeseth sprinted up a steep hill near his home to further increase his strength finish line and take a gold medal. He simply requires use of the arms. Actu- and endurance. sees the Pan Am Games and the world ally, it’s the legs which move the boat; When the ice melted on the Potomac championships as valuable experience the main reason for the running. and spring signaled the beginningof for the ’80 Olympics. “Each oarsmansits on a sliding seat,” racing season, Espeseth began his daily Although he somehow manages to explains Espeseth. “He crouches for- workouts at the Potomac Boat Club, work in an occasional game of basket- ward with his back toward the bow and and joined other crew enthusiasts and ball, golf or backgammon, rowing has arms extended. He then puts the oarin Olympic hopefuls for two-hour,10-mile always beenforemost with him. He says the water and drives his legsdownward, rowing practices. rowing is enjoyable, but, as evidenced providing power to move the boat. The Weather permitting, Espesethrows by his callused palms, it also requires a arms do some pulling at the end of the seven days a week. At night, he runs 10 great deal of dedication and hard work. stroke while the hands control the oar miles or sprints up thehill, a 30-degree “In some sports you cantrain as through the entire stroke.” incline about 300 yards long; not a bad much as eight hours a day.But with Espeseth adds that “YOU don’t move run the first time up, but he does it 15 rowing, your body can only take so your blade (oar) through thewater, you timesbefore he stops to rest.It’s a much before it collapses. Although the move the boat past the point where the demanding trainingschedule, but Espe- workouts are not that long, they are blade enters the water. You won’t getfar Seth agrees that it’s necessary ifhe’s very painful. movingwater. When yousee a boat going to make it to the Olympics. “It’s one of the most physical non- that’s rowing well, it doesn’t look like Like all contenders, Espeseth looks contact sports there is,” says Espeseth. they’re doing much. That’s part of what forward to winning, to making it to the Hepoints out, however, that it’s all about. When they’re really mov- finals, to be among the few to cross the unknowing observers think that rowing ing (about 15-16 mph), the crewis extremely coordinated and, essentially, against him. If the boatis really moving, rigorous training schedule behind him, it looks effortless.” catching a crab can result in the oar Espeseth doesn’t expect such problems. Sometimes, however, a crewwill picking an oarsman up, lifting him out But the upcoming competition will be momentarily lose that all-important of the boat and dumping him over the the real test-it’s a test that will deter- coordination. For instance, if a rower side. mine if Espeseth will realize his goal of gets the oar caught againsthis stomach “Experienced rowers won’t catcha an Olympic gold medal a year from at the end of a stroke, chancesare he’ll crab,though,” says Espeseth. now. J, catch a crab-the oar stays pinned With seven years of experience and a Skullingand the Sweep / One-man skull.

/ In early 18thcentury England, anyone wishing to crossthe Thames Two-man sweep. River above LondonBridge had to hail a ferry,typically a light sculling boat, or skiff, operated by a waterman. About 10,000 watermen earned their living on theThames River by “rowing” pas- sengers across. Wagering developed between thegentry as to the relative Two-man sweep with coxswain. merits (speed and skill) of the watermen manning the ferries, and stakes sometimes ran high. In the years since, the status of professionalwatermen has , , ‘ ;, , ,, given‘ way to theamateur rower, or Four.-mansweep. ,’ crews. ...., ,. The boats areno longer used to trans- port people, but instead have become shells crewed by one, two, fouror eight people who compete in skulling or the sweep. Skulling, normally restricted to aone-or two-man boat, is an event where each crewmember rows with two Four-man sweep with coxswain. oars.The sweep-each crewmember pulling one oar-is often usedin the two-man event, but always used with four-and eight-man crews.

Eight-man sweep with coxswain.

Artwork by DM1 Ed Markham

42 ALL HANDS commission in eitherthe Navy 01 Marine Corps. Students at the Naval Academy are appointed as midshipmen, U.S. Navy, II and receive pay equal to about one-half of an ensign’s basic monthly pay, plus B’I tuition, room, and board. Upon grad- B uation they are awarded a bachelor of science degree in one of 18 majors and an ensign’s or second lieutenant’s gold IL bars. The basic, general requirements for an appointment to the Naval Academy Navy are: Be a United States citizen. Be at least 17 but not older than22 on July 1 of the entrance year. Be unmarriedand have no children. Possess a good scholastic record. Have a general classification test (GCT)plus arithmetic of at least 120. Be of good moral character.

~~~ Be in excellent physical condition. Specific requirements differ somewhat according to individual statusat time of application. Paths to a Commission Although not a requirement for entry into theAcademy, the 16-week program at the Naval Academy Preparatory School (NAPS) in Newport., R.I., can help increase chances for an appoint- There aremany paths to a Navy com- changefrom time to time because of the ment.Generally, requirements for mission. There are commissioning pro- needs of the service or new legislation. NAPS are thesame as for theAcademy. gramsfor students in college andothers See your career counselor for details for college graduates. Specialistsin cer- about both programs. tain professional and scient@c categories mayqualify for a direct Naval Academy commission. Certain enlisted men and BOOST Program women who are outstandingperformers Each year, the Secretaryof the Navy may qualify for a commissioning may appoint 85 enlisted men and The Navy is engaged in a vigorous program. women from the RegularNavy or Reg- effort to ensure that opportunities for a By providing many paths to a com- ular Marine Corps and 85 enlisted men career as a naval officer are opento per- mission, then, the Navy can more effec- and women from the Naval or Marine sons who may have been educationally tivelymeet its personnel needswhile Corps Reserve (active or inactive) to the or culturallydeprived, but who have taking into account a variety of individ- Naval Academy at Annapolis, Md. demonstrated that they possess the fun- ualcircumstances and interests. The Under the provisionsof Public Law 94- damental qualities and desirenecessary right road for each individual is deter- 106, women are eligible forappoint- to gain a commission. To help those mined by weighing and balancing two ment and their qualifications generally people achieve their potential,the Navy basic factors-what the Navy needs to are the same as those for men. developed the Broadened Opportunity man the fleet and what the person is After rigorous competition, civilians For Officer Selection and Training Pro- qualified to do. may gain anappointment tothe gram (BOOST). BOOST prepares Thisarticle, No. 8 in our series on Academy from their senators or con- selectedindividuals for possible Navy Rights and Benefits, briefly de- gressional representative, the Secretary entrance into officer training programs scribes the Navy’s basic commissioning of the Navy or the president. Thosewho (US.Naval Academy and NROTC). programs. Specific qualifjcations for qualify receive a fully subsidized under- Students who have notgraduated entry into any of the programs may graduateeducation which leads to a from high school can earn a diploma JULY 1979 43 Navy Rights & 6enef its while in BOOST. A military staff pro- Be able to meet the physical E-9 must have completed at least 12, but vides physical fitness training, general requirements prescribed for each officer not more than 20 years of active naval military training, and counselingfor program. service as of January 16 of the year in students.A civilian staff teaches the 0 Have no record of conviction by which application is made. academic curriculum. court-martial, or by civil court (other - 1 General eligibility requirements are: than for minor traffic violations). cer 1 0 Be an enlisted member on active 0 Meethigh standards of personal - duty in theNavy or Naval Reserve or a conduct, character, patriotism, sense of The Limited Duty Officer Program is civilian agreeing to enlist for four years duty, and financial responsibility. another enlisted-to-officerprogram with BOOST School guarantee. 0 Be a high school graduate. Appli- that does not require a college educa- 0 Be highly motivated to become a cants who are notmay apply and obtain tion. The limited duty officer meets commissioned officer and have the a high school certificate during partici- Navy's the needs for officer technical potentialfor professional growth if pation, based on military educational management skills throughthe mid- afforded the educational opportunity. experience and GED test results. grade officer level. 0 Have two years of active obligated 0 Have a minimum GCT/ARI score General eligibility requirements are service as of March 1 of the year of100. Thisrequirement cannot be the sameas those of the WarrantOfficer BOOST training commences, or agree waived. Program with the following exceptions: to extendenlistment or active duty Have a minimum Scholastic Apti- Be physically qualified for appoint- agreementfor a two-year period. If tude Test (SAT) of 850 composite (460 ment to LDO. nominated for an appointment to the in math). Be serving as a male petty officer Naval Academy or NROTC uponcom- Be recommended by the com- first class or chief petty officer (E4or E- pletion of BOOST, the member must manding officer of the recruiting activ- 7) on January 16 of the year in which agree to accept the minimum service ity submitting the application. application is made. If the member is a requirement in effect at that time for BOOST programs are conducted at Pol, he must have served in that capac- orders to further training. the Naval TrainingCommand, San ity for atleast one year as of January 16 0 To qualifyfor entrance to the Diego, Calif. of the year of application. Naval Academy uponcompletion of Must have completed at least eight, BOOST training, the member must be Warrant Officer Program but not more than 16 years of active unmarried and have no children. naval service on January 16 of the year 0 Be at least 17 years old. Other age of application. requirementsfor BOOST are contin- The WarrantOfficer Program (along PO1 applicants must complete all gent upon eligibility for one or more with the Limited Duty Officer Pro- performancetests, practical factors, related officer procurement programs. gram) is one of the primary enlisted-to- trainingcourses, and service schools Age waivers will not be granted. officer programs that does not require a required for chief petty officer. Addi- college education. Warrantofficers pro- tionally, each PO1 applicant must suc- vide technical expertise at a relatively cessfully competeinthe annual stablegrade levelin the officer Navywide examination for advance- structure. ment to CPOadministered in January- General eligibility requirements are: /February of the year of application. 0 Be a U.S. citizen. (1) Acandidate whose finalexam 0 Be serving on active dutyas a chief multiple is equal to or greater than that petty officer in the RegularNavy, Naval required to be CPO selection boardelig- Reserve or TARprogram at the timeof ible will be considered LDO selection application. eligible. 0 Be physically qualified for appoint- (2) APO1 is exemptfrom this re- ment to warrant officer. quirement when authorizationfor 0 Be a high school graduate or pos- advancement to CPOhas been received sess a service-accepted equivalent. by the commanding officer. 0 Have no record of conviction by court-martialnor conviction bycivil court .foroffenses other than minor traf-Naval Reserve Officer PI fic violations for two years preceding January 16 of the year of application. There are two officer programs which 0 Be recommended byone's com- lead to an appointment in the Naval manding officer. Reserve for enlisted members who pos- Personnel in paygrade E-7 through sess a baccaluareate or higher: Officer

44 ALL HANDS CandidateSchool and the Aviation Naval Officer TrainingCenter, New- Selectees in paygrades E4 and below Program. port, R.I. The programis open to male are designated officer candidatesand Officer Candidate SchoolProgram- and female personnel except forthe advancedto E-5 uponreporting to This OCS program provides 19 weeks nuclear power program (submarine and OCS. Enlisted applicants in paygrade of officer indoctrination training at the surface) which is not open to women. E-5 andabove are designated officer candidates in theircurrent paygrade. The curriculum comprises an intensive program in naval science and human relations management. Generaleligibil- ity requirements are: Be a U.S. citizen. Possess a bachelor's or higher degree froman accredited college or university. Be physically qualified. Current service members must be entitled to an honorable discharge; be serving on active duty in any rate and rating; and have at least six months of obligated service remaining on current enlistmentupon receipt of orders to most schools. Beof good moralcharacter and have good personal habits. Women applicants must meet the dependency requirementsoutlined in BUPERSINST 1120.35. NuclearPropulsion Officer Candi- dates(NUPOC-Submarine and Sur- face), Staff Corps and some Restricted Line Candidates will receive additional specialized training following gradua- tion from OCS andcommissioning. All successful OCS candidates must retain their NavalReserve commissions for six years. Aviation Programs-The aviation program provides an avenue to commissioned service for male and female applicants interested inserving as Naval Aviators, Naval Flight Officers, or Intelligence Officers. Enlisted members selected for the program are designated officer candidates and advancedto paygrade E-5 upon reporting to Aviation Officer CandidateSchool, Pensacola, Fla. After successful completion of 16 weeks' training, candidatesare commissioned ensigns in the Naval Reserve. Members desiring pilot training enter theAviation Officer CandidatePro- gram (AOC) and after commissioning, continue their flight training for about eight to 12 months. Following successful completion of the additional flight training, the candidates are designated

JULY 1979 45 " Navy - "ghts & ILBnef =T its

Naval Aviators and mustserve on active ation programs are the same as for OCSNavy or Marine Corps a career should duty for four andone-half years. except applicants for the Aviation Pro- apply for this program. NavalFlight Officer Candidates gram will be administered the Aviation General eligibility requirements are: (NFOC), aftercommissioning, will con- Selection Test (AST) battery. Be a U.S. citizen. tinue their training leading to designa- Be under 25 years old on June30 of tion as Naval Flight Officers and must NROTC Scholarship Program the year of commissioning. serve on active duty for three andone- Be a high school graduate or pos- half years. This program is not open to The NROTC Scholarship Program sess an equivalency certificate. women. leads to appointment as anofficer of the Be physically qualified. Candidates selected for the Intelli- Regular Navy or Marine Corps in the Be morally qualified and possess genceProgram (NAOC-AI) will grade of ensign or second lieutenant. officer-like qualities and character. undergo additional training following The NROTC programs are maintained Have no moral obligations orper- commissioning and mustserve on active to educate and trainwell-qualified men sonal convictions which would prevent duty for four years in commissioned and women for careers as commis- conscientiously supporting anddefend- grade. sioned officers. Only persons who are ingthe Constitution of the United The general requirements for theavi- reasonably disposed tomaking the States against all enemies. Have no record of military or civil offenses. Medical Programs Leading to Commk -

Navy medicine offers an alternative tothe administrativeburden and expense of private practice by giving physicians, dentists and medical service officers a chance to practice in an atmosphere where decisions can be based solely on medical considerations withoutregard to patients' ability to

Pay * Medical Service Corps of the Naval Reserve-This program is open toqual- ified enlisted members on active duty and leadsto an appointment commis- to sioned status in the various sections of the Medical Service Corps, U.S. Naval Reserve. Asampling of the fields in which a Medical Service Corps officer might work include bacteriology, bio- chemistry, hematology, physics, virol- ogy, and radiobiology. General requirements for entry into the program are: Be a U.S. citizen Be within the maximum age limit at time of appointment: LT-39; LTJG-38; and ENS-3 1. Be physically qualified in accordance with standards set forth in the Manual of the Medical Department for Staff Corps of the Naval Reserve. Must meet professional requirements for entry into the chosen field- all candidatesmust have at least a

46 ALL HANDS baccalaureate in some medical science corpsman or dental technician in pay- of personneladministration, patient or related subject. grades E4 through E-9. affairs, military justice, Navy customs Health Care Administration Section Be a US. citizen. and traditions, and generalNavy orien- of Medical Service Corps-Regular Must be at least 21 years old and tation in addition to theirpertinent Navy-The MedicalService Corps must not have reached age 35 as of disciplines. Inservice ProcurementProgram is a October 1 of the calendar year inwhich UniformedServices University- continuing program which provides .a appointment canbe first made. Women This is a four-year, accredited medical path of advancement to commissioned applicants must be at least 21 and under school which accepts applications from officer status for senior Regular Navy 32 years of age on dateof appointment members of the armed forceswho have HM and DTpersonnel in paygrades E-6 (this is a legal restriction imposed by at least abaccalaureate and the aca- through E-9 who possess the necessary Title 10, U.S. Code). demic background to qualify for entry. potential,outstanding qualifications Must meet the physical standards Graduates arecommissioned as ensigns andmotivation. This . program is prescribed for officer candidates. in the Navy (or attheir entry paygradeif extremely competitive andenlisted per- Have no record of conviction by higher) and incur a .seven-year service sonnel aspiring toward. appointment.in courtdmartial for the two fiscal years obligation,and receive aDoctor of the Medical Service Corps shouldbegin preceding the date of application. Medicine degree. General eligibility preparationearly in theircareers Have a combined GCT/ ARIscore requirements are: through a sound self-improvement of at least 115. Be a U.S. citizen. program. Be a high school graduate or the Be between the ages of 18 and 28. General eligibility requirementsfor equivalent. Hold a baccalaureatefrom an selection are: Must pass a professional examina- accredited university or college. Applicant must be a member of the tion administered by the Medical Ser- Meet the physical qualifications Regular Navy serving as ahospital vice Corps. The exam tests knowledge for commissioning. .I,

47 Mail Buov

All Together These 26 P-3As are utilized for a host of Interest Stirred missions, such as oceanographic and sea ice researchand development, ECM surveil- SIR:I would like to knowif James B. Stock- SIR:Mail Buoy (March issue) told of three lance, ASW and avionics test and evalua- dale has written any books about his eight brothers serving together on the guidedmis- tion, missile test range control and logistic years in captivity. Your story in March ‘79 sile cruiser Biddle. They were curious as to support, to namea few. The P-3As will con- All Hands has really stirred my interest.- the last time three brothers served together tinue, of course, in the active service. William Wilson. on the same ship. All Hands is an outstanding publication Although Vice Admiral Stockdale has When I left USS Howard W. Gilmore(AS that I enjoy reading every month. Keep up not written a book about his captivity,he did 16), in Jan. 1978, there were on board at the the good work.-LTJG H. B. Smith write“The World of Epictetus”which time four brothers. They were Carl, Mike, appeared in the April 1978 issue of Atlantic Billy and Allen Filyaw. Carland Mike Diary magazine. Many public libraries keep copies Filyaw were married and Mike had a little G.I. of this periodical.-ED. girl. So, in the seaport town of La Maddal- The television series World War 11: G.I. LT Stone Was There ena, NW Sardinia,Italy (Gilmore’s home Diary, produced by Time/ Life Television is port),there wereseven Fi1yaws.-BMSN SIR:Your article about the NC-4 (April William Berryman, USN. a documentary of Americanmilitary in- issue) was interesting. Some of your readers volvement in variousconflicts as seen may notbe aware of the fact that thenaviga- through the eyes of participants. tor of NC-4 was LT Elmer Stone, a Coast They’re Still Around Muchinformation for this series came Guard pilot. His performance is a standard through letters received from veterans who many Coast Guard pilotsset their goalsby in SIR:In reference to your article, “Last of responded to TimeiLife notices placedin their somewhat different, but just as chal- the P-3As” (March issue), the last Navy P- several service magazines. These letterswere lenging assignments. “CAPT R.B. Bacon, 3A Orion aircraft has notbeen phased outof of great help in developing G.I. Diary, but USCG. the active service. There are 26 P-3As still because the series is no longerin production 0 Auwrciing to our records and rei’ent Time/Life requests that no more letters be (I employed by severalactivities and squad- inter\,iecc*cc’ith Wulter Hinron,sole surviving rons of the active service, VXN-8 included. sent. men~herqf’ the NC-4 ,flight. LT Stone MYIS ~ssigneclto the ~ircyfias w-pilot. Then LTJG Hinton MYIS pilol.“ED. Reunions USS TheSullivans (DD537)”8th reunion Aug. 10-12, 1979, in Buffalo, N.Y. ContactRobert R. Sander, 325 Thatcher Ave., River Forest, 111. 60305. Fleet AirReconnaissance Squadrons One and Two (VQl/ VQ2)-5th reunion at BollingAir Force Base Aug. 5, 1979. Contact CDR Tony Peltz,718 N. Armistead St., Alexandria, Va. 22312. USS Diphda(AKA59)”ReuNon May 1980 in Brownsville, Texas. Contact Tom Coogan, 12185 Ford Line, Southgate, Mich. 48 195. USS Vincennes (CA44ICL 64)- Reunion Aug. 7-9, 1979, in Vincennes, Ind. Contact Peter H. Capp, 1014 Augusta St., Elizabeth, N.J. 07201. USS Healy (DD 672)”Interested in scheduling a reunion. Contact R. Adelman, 21-84 E. 28 St., Brooklyn, N.Y. 11222. VP-I/VPML I-Reunionsummer 1980. Contact CDR Joe Corsi, Code 74A, “How do you like it so,far?...” COMNAVAIRPAC,NAS North Island, San Diego, Calif. 92135.

40 ALL HANDS Stern Shots

Charts not only tell you where you're going but how to get there safely as well. Loaded with information-especially those dealing with busy harbors-charts are a necessity if one doesn't care to ruin one's day at sea. Match the hazards in column A with the symbols in column B.

1. Sunken rock dangerous to nagivation 2. Kelp 3. Sunken wreck dangerous to navigation 4. Sunken rock not dangerous to navigation 5. Tide rips 6. Sunken wreck not dangerous to navigation 7. Breakers 8. Eddies 9. Rock awash at level of chart (sounding) datum

A B C D E

F G H I . "I