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Ex Oriente Scacci. L'origine Indienne Journal of ancient History Volume 3 Centro de História de Além-Mar Universidade Nova de Lisboa Faculdade de Ciências Sociais e Humanas Universidade dos Açores Res Antiquitatis. Journal of Ancient History Volume 3 / 2012 Published by Centro de História de Além-Mar Faculdade de Ciências Sociais e Humanas Universidade Nova de Lisboa / Universidade dos Açores O Centro de História de Além-Mar da Faculdade de Ciências Sociais e Humanas da Universidade Nova de Lisboa e da Universidade dos Açores é financiado pela Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia. ISSN 1647-5852 Copies: 250 Printed in Portugal by PUBLITO – Estúdio de Artes Gráficas, Lda. Parque Industrial de Pitancinhos BRAGA – Portugal Editor Advisory Board Francisco Caramelo José Augusto Ramos Universidade Nova de Lisboa Universidade de Lisboa Maria Helena Trindade Lopes Universidade Nova de Lisboa Assistant Editors Jean-Claude Margueron École Pratique des Hautes Études Marcel L. Paiva Monte Luís Filipe Thomaz Universidade Nova de Lisboa Universidade Católica Portuguesa Diogo Paiva José Ribeiro Ferreira Universidade Nova de Lisboa Universidade de Coimbra Francolino Gonçalves École Biblique et Archéologique Française de Jérusalem Editorial Board Jack Sasson Vanderbilt University António Ramos dos Santos Michel Hulin Universidade de Lisboa Université Paris Sorbonne – Paris IV José das Candeias Sales Stanislava Vavroušková Universidade Aberta Univerzita Karlova v Praze Zoltán Biedermann Sylvie Blétry University of London Université Paul Valéry Montpellier III Juan Luis Montero Fenollós Michel al-Maqdissi Universidade da Coruña Direction Générale des Antiquités et Musées Leonor Santa Bárbara (Damas, Syrie) Universidade Nova de Lisboa Dejannirah Couto Rui Loureiro École Pratique des Hautes Études Instituto Superior Manuel Teixeira Gomes Mario Liverani Brigitte Lion Sapienza – Università di Roma Université François Rabelais – Tours Antonio Ruiz Castellanos Nuno Simões Rodrigues Universidad de Cádiz Universidade de Lisboa Dolors Folch José Virgilio Garcia Trabazo Universitat Pompeu Fabra Universidade de Santiago de Compostela José Remesal Rodríguez Universitat de Barcelona Simo Parpola Helsingin Yliopisto John Baines University of Oxford Ana Isabel Buescu Universidade Nova de Lisboa Sebastião Tavares de Pinho Universidade de Coimbra For information about calls for papers, guidelines for contributors and other activities, you can consult us through http://resantiquitatis.hypotheses.org [email protected] Table of Contents Editorial .................................................................................. 5 Studies Vasco RESENDE: Ex Oriente Scacci. L’origine indienne du jeu des échecs d’après João de Barros et Pedro Teixeira ....................... 11 Laure HENNEQUIN-LECOMTE: «Osez, comme (les anciens), penser d’après vous-mêmes! Soyez originaux, simples, ingénus!»: l’Antiquité, le modèle pluridisciplinaire de Joseph de Gérando et la genèse du monde contemporain ............................................... 51 António dos Santos PEREIRA: The Antiquity and the Renaissance in Heitor Pinto................................................................................... 71 Elizabeth GARCIA I MARRASÉ: The trace of Osiris: The Egyptian Myth in the Spanish Monarchy of Philip II ...................................... 101 Giuseppe Vincenzo DI STAZIO: Pygmè et pankration. Sur le port du gant dans l’Antiquité gréco-romaine ........................................... 121 Alessandra COLAZILLI: Reproducing human limbs. Prosthesis, amulets and votive objects in Ancient Egypt .................................... 147 Philippe BENOÎT: Le Rāmāyana. : du dharma à la bhakti .............. 175 Interview Francolino Gonçalves (conducted by Francisco Caramelo and Marcel L. Paiva do Monte) ........................................................ 203 Short Notes Luís Manuel de ARAÚJO: The Egyptian collection of Museu de História Natural da Universidade do Porto ...................................... 247 Juan Luis MONTERO FENOLLÓS and Jorge SANJURJO- SÁNCHEZ: Restudying the Beveled Rim Bowls: new preliminary data from two Uruk sites in the Syrian Middle Euphrates .............. 263 Reviews Isabel ALMEIDA: review of Juan Luis MONTERO FENOLLÓS, Breve Historia de Babilonia. Colección Breve Historia. Madrid, Ediciones Nowtilus, 2012 (book review) .......................................... 281 Marcel L. P. do MONTE: review of Frederick Mario FALES, Guerre et paix en Assyrie. Religion et impérialisme (Les conférences de l’École Pratique des Hautes Études 2). Paris, Les Éditions du Cerf, 2010 (book review) ........................................................................... 287 Susana MOTA: review of Patrizia PIACENTINI and Christian OSENIGO (eds.), Egyptian Archives. Proceedings of the First Session of the International Congress Egyptian Archives / Egypto- logical Archives, Milano, September 9-10 2008. Milan, Cisalpino Instituto Editorial Universitario – Monduzzi Editore S.p.A., 2009 (book review) ..................................................................................... 301 Raquel PRAZERES: review of Sabino PEREA YÉBENES, La idea del alma y el Más Allá en los cultos orientales durante el Imperio romano. Madrid-Salamanca. Signifer Libros, 2012 (book review) 307 Maria de Fátima ROSA: review of ETCSL – The Electronic Text Corpus of Sumerian Literature – http://etcsl.orinst.ox.ac.uk/ (web review) ...................................................................................... 313 Abstracts Editorial After a prolonged labour, we finally present the third volume of Res Antiquitatis. This issue continues to pursue the goals that its editors have established by including several articles related to the perceptions about Antiquity, namely the contributions of Vasco Resende, Laure Hennequin-Lecomte, António dos Santos Pereira and Elizabeth Garcia i Marrasé. These studies explore various ways by which cultural elements from Ancient times were interpreted and transmitted to Modern and Contemporary Western culture. Naturally, there is always room for specific studies on Ancient History. Such is the case of Giuseppe Di Stazio’s article concerning the use of gloves in Graeco-Roman combat sports; or the one by Alessandra Colazilli, which puts together multiple reflections about missing limbs and ritual prosthetics in Ancient Egypt. Finally, Philippe Benoît extends our geographical and cultural range to India, towards a better understanding of the concepts of dharma and bhakti in the Indian epic Rāmāyana. With equal pleasure, we also present an interview with Prof. Fran- colino Gonçalves, the reputed Bible scholar to whom we are obliged for a few hours of conversation about his life, academic career and thoughts. Finally, we cannot let pass the opportunity to remind the unfor- tunate situation that Syria and its people are suffering since 2011. The civil war has been destroying the country’s rich heritage as a historical crossroad of civilizations. Its museums, depositaries of irre- placeable collections, are being constantly threatened. In many cases, destruction is going to be profound and irreversible. Archaeology is – 7 – halted in Syria since 2011, where about two hundred international missions were working, among them the Proyecto Arqueológico Medio Éufrates Sirio, led by the Universidade da Coruña, with the part- nership of CHAM and Faculdade de Ciências Sociais e Humanas da Universidade Nova de Lisboa. Yet, despite the consequences of the civil war on Syria’s historical and archaeological heritage, our thoughts are directed foremost towards its hospitable and kind people, especially its children. We are very grateful to all those who contributed to materialize this stage of our project, looking forward to develop it further in the future, step by step. Francisco Caramelo Marcel L. P. Monte Editor Assistant Editor – 8 – Studies Ex Oriente Scacci. L’origine indienne du jeu des échecs d’après João de Barros et Pedro Teixeira Vasco Resende * CHAM – FCSH-UNL/UAç L’origine du jeu d’échecs a longtemps été un sujet de discussion académique, mais l’idée selon laquelle les échecs ont été inventés en Inde est aujourd’hui profondément ancrée dans la culture occiden- tale. Pourtant, ce ne fut pas toujours le cas. Au Moyen Âge, une tradi- tion littéraire, qui connut une large diffusion en Europe, marqua les esprits pendant plusieurs siècles, évoquant une vague origine babylo- nienne en référence à un roi mentionné dans la Bible. S’inspirant des récits persans se rapportant à l’époque sassanide, João de Barros fut, au milieu du XVIe siècle, le premier auteur à exposer au public occi- dental l’origine indienne des échecs, suivi de Pedro Teixeira, dont un chapitre de ses Relaciones, publiées en espagnol à Anvers en 1610, se basait en partie sur la même source orientale et revenait sur la théma- tique, confortant ainsi la thèse diffusée par son prédécesseur. Même si leurs efforts ne tombèrent pas complètement dans l’oubli, ces deux chroniqueurs portugais ne sont pas connus des historiens des échecs actuels1, et l’auteur de la synthèse la plus récente sur le sujet2 ignore leur contribution, soutenant que le premier écrivain européen à crédi- ter l’Inde de l’origine des échecs fut l’orientaliste britannique Thomas * Post-Doc Fellow – Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia / Ministério da Educação e Ciência. 1 A l’exception du regretté Dagoberto Markl, dont l’article sur l’histoire des échecs dans le Portugal du XVIe siècle reste une étude de référence (Markl 1996). 2 Cazaux 2009, 52. Volume
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