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Iliad and Odyssey) [1839] The Online Library of Liberty A Project Of Liberty Fund, Inc. Homer, The English Works, vol. X (Iliad and Odyssey) [1839] The Online Library Of Liberty This E-Book (PDF format) is published by Liberty Fund, Inc., a private, non-profit, educational foundation established in 1960 to encourage study of the ideal of a society of free and responsible individuals. 2010 was the 50th anniversary year of the founding of Liberty Fund. It is part of the Online Library of Liberty web site http://oll.libertyfund.org, which was established in 2004 in order to further the educational goals of Liberty Fund, Inc. To find out more about the author or title, to use the site's powerful search engine, to see other titles in other formats (HTML, facsimile PDF), or to make use of the hundreds of essays, educational aids, and study guides, please visit the OLL web site. This title is also part of the Portable Library of Liberty DVD which contains over 1,000 books and quotes about liberty and power, and is available free of charge upon request. The cuneiform inscription that appears in the logo and serves as a design element in all Liberty Fund books and web sites is the earliest-known written appearance of the word “freedom” (amagi), or “liberty.” It is taken from a clay document written about 2300 B.C. in the Sumerian city-state of Lagash, in present day Iraq. To find out more about Liberty Fund, Inc., or the Online Library of Liberty Project, please contact the Director at [email protected]. LIBERTY FUND, INC. 8335 Allison Pointe Trail, Suite 300 Indianapolis, Indiana 46250-1684 Online Library of Liberty: The English Works, vol. X (Iliad and Odyssey) Edition Used: The English Works of Thomas Hobbes of Malmesbury; Now First Collected and Edited by Sir William Molesworth, Bart., (London: Bohn, 1839-45). 11 vols. Vol. 10. Author: Homer Translator: Thomas Hobbes Editor: Sir William Molesworth About This Title: Hobbes’s translation of Homer’s epic poems the Iliad and the Odyssey. The Iliad is about the warriors and heroes who are involved in the Trojan war, what happens to men in combat, and the consequences of pride, ambition, and failure. PLL v6.0 (generated September, 2011) 2 http://oll.libertyfund.org/title/773 Online Library of Liberty: The English Works, vol. X (Iliad and Odyssey) About Liberty Fund: Liberty Fund, Inc. is a private, educational foundation established to encourage the study of the ideal of a society of free and responsible individuals. Copyright Information: The text is in the public domain. Fair Use Statement: This material is put online to further the educational goals of Liberty Fund, Inc. Unless otherwise stated in the Copyright Information section above, this material may be used freely for educational and academic purposes. It may not be used in any way for profit. PLL v6.0 (generated September, 2011) 3 http://oll.libertyfund.org/title/773 Online Library of Liberty: The English Works, vol. X (Iliad and Odyssey) Table Of Contents Advertisement. To the Reader, Concerning the Virtues of an Heroic Poem. The Life of Homer, Collected and Written By J. Wallim. Homer’s Iliads. Translated Out of Greek By Thomas Hobbes of Malmesbury. Lib. I. Lib. II. Lib. III. Lib. IV. Lib. V. Lib. VI. Lib. VII. Lib. VIII. Lib. IX. Lib. X. Lib. XI. Lib. XII. Lib. XIII. Lib. XIV. Lib. XV. Lib. XVI. Lib. XVII. Lib. XVIII. Lib. XIX. Lib. XX. Lib. XXI. Lib. XXII. Lib. XXIII. Lib. XXIV. Homer’s Odysses. Translated Out of Greek By Thomas Hobbes, of Malmesbury. Lib. I. Lib. II. Lib. III. Lib. IV. Lib. V. Lib. VI. Lib. VII. Lib. VIII. Lib. IX. Lib. X. Lib. XI. Lib. XII. Lib. XIII. Lib. XIV. PLL v6.0 (generated September, 2011) 4 http://oll.libertyfund.org/title/773 Online Library of Liberty: The English Works, vol. X (Iliad and Odyssey) Lib. XV. Lib. XVI. Lib. XVII. Lib. XVIII. Lib. XIX. Lib. XX. Lib. XXI. Lib. XXII. Lib. XXIII. Lib. XXIV. PLL v6.0 (generated September, 2011) 5 http://oll.libertyfund.org/title/773 Online Library of Liberty: The English Works, vol. X (Iliad and Odyssey) [Back to Table of Contents] ADVERTISEMENT. The translation of Homer was amongst the latest of Hobbes’ works; a signal of retreat from those mathematical contests in which he had spent so much of his time:—“Silentibus tandem adversariis, annum agens octogesimum septimum, Homeri Odysseam edidit.”—See Vita Thomæ Hobbes. In 1673 appeared, “The travels of Ulysses, as they were related by himself in Homer’s 9th, 10th, 11th, and 12th books of his Odysses, to Alcinous king of Phæacia,” published by Wm. Crook, in 12mo. The date of 1674, given by Anthony Wood and others, seems to be a mistake; they may perhaps have been misled by Hobbes’ telling us, that he translated the Odyssey in his 87th year. Whether Hobbes had at this time finished any other part of Homer, and put forth those four books of the Odyssey as a specimen of the performance, or to ascertain what reception might be expected from the public for the remainder of it, is unknown. In about a year afterwards (see Vita) they were followed by the translation of the entire Iliad and Odyssey. Copies are to be found of various dates; as 1676, 1677, 1684, 1686, and perhaps others: but there were but three editions, the second dated 1677, and the third, 1686. The biographers appear to have been mistaken in repeating one after the other, (see Biog. Britan., Brit. Biog., Gen. Dict., Aikin’s Biog.), that in the course of ten years this translation went through three large editions. Pope, in the preface to his translation, observes, that the poetry of Hobbes’ version is “too mean for criticism.” Some, however, may possibly find the unstudied and unpretending language of Hobbes convey an idea less remote from the original, than the smooth and glittering lines of Pope and his coadjutors. Pope’s remark upon the habitual carelessness displayed in the execution of the work, is well founded. It was possibly never meant for criticism, and may be fairly looked upon, as the translator has told us in his preface, as the amusement of his old age. The present edition is printed from that of 1677. PLL v6.0 (generated September, 2011) 6 http://oll.libertyfund.org/title/773 Online Library of Liberty: The English Works, vol. X (Iliad and Odyssey) [Back to Table of Contents] TO THE READER, CONCERNING THE VIRTUES OF AN HEROIC POEM. The virtues required in an heroic poem, and indeed in all writings published, are comprehended all in this one word—discretion. And discretion consisteth in this, that every part of the poem be conducing, and in good order placed to the end and design of the poet. And the design is not only to profit, but also to delight the reader. By profit, I intend not here any accession of wealth, either to the poet, or to the reader; but accession of prudence, justice, and fortitude, by the example of such great and noble persons as he introduceth speaking, or describeth acting. For all men love to behold, though not to practise virtue. So that at last the work of an heroic poet is no more but to furnish an ingenuous reader, when his leisure abounds, with the diversion of an honest and delightful story, whether true or feigned. But because there be many men called critics, and wits, and virtuosi, that are accustomed to censure the poets, and most of them of divers judgments, how is it possible, you’ll say, to please them all? Yes, very well; if the poem be as it should be. For men can judge what is good, that know not what is best. For he that can judge what is best, must have considered all those things, though they be almost innumerable, that concur to make the reading of an heroic poem pleasant. Whereof I’ll name as many as shall come into my mind. And they are contained, first, in the choice of words. Secondly, in the construction. Thirdly, in the contrivance of the story or fiction. Fourthly, in the elevation of the fancy. Fifthly, in the justice and impartiality of the poet. Sixthly, in the clearness of descriptions. Seventhly, in the amplitude of the subject. And, to begin with words: the first indiscretion is, the use of such words as to the readers of poesy (which are commonly persons of the best quality) are not sufficiently known. For the work of an heroic poem is to raise admiration, principally, for three virtues, valour, beauty, and love; to the reading whereof women no less than men have a just pretence, though their skill in language be not so universal; and therefore foreign words, till by long use they become vulgar, are unintelligible to them. Also the names of instruments and tools of artificers, and words of art, though of use in the Schools, are far from being fit to be spoken by a hero. He may delight in the arts themselves, and have skill in some of them, but his glory lies not in that, but in courage, nobility, and other virtues of nature, or in the command he has over other men. Nor does Homer in any part of his poem attribute any praise to Achilles, or any blame to Alexander, for that they had both learnt to play upon the guitar. The character of words that become a hero are property and significancy, but without both the malice and lasciviousness of a satyr.
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