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Preliminary Geologic Map of the Townsend 30' X 60' Quadrangle

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U.S. DEPARTMENT OF THE INTERIOR Open-File Report 2006-1138 U.S. GEOLOGICAL SURVEY Version 1.0 Kal Kal Kal KmoKevm LIST OF MAP UNITS CORRELATION OF MAP UNITS Kmo Qa Qc 45 Kbqm Qa Ki Kgd QTg QTgQoa Qa 40 Qa 20 Qa Kmo Kevl Kgd Kgd !@s 24 !@s QTp QTp !@s !@s Qp 23 38 Kal Qt Kevm Ki 27 Qa QTp QTp Qa Ygl 65 50 10 Qa Kqm25 QgtQtYgl !@f Qa Water Ygm Qc Qt @r Kevm Ki Qa Qc QTg 20 !@s QTp Qa QTp Kqm KalKbqm KiQa Qa QTg !@s !@s QTp Qoa QTp Qp Qp Qa 21 QgtQa Yg Qa Qa Keva Qa Qa Qc 20 Yg Qa Alluvium (Holocene) Maudlow Formation (Upper Cretaceous) Km Mafic igneous rocks, undivided (Late Cretaceous) Qa Qa Kbqm 28 Qa KgdKi !@s QTp !@sQt Qc 65 Yn 55Kqm 23 Qt Qt 35 !@f Units of Sedimentary and Volcanic Origin Units of Igneous Intrusive Origin Kbqm QTg Qa !@s Qp Qc 23 Qa dt Kgd Kgd QTg Qac Qoa Qa Qc !@f Kbqm Keva Kevl KevlKevl Qa QTg !@s!@s Qp Qp Kqm Ynl Qgt Qgt Ygm Kal Qa Qac Kgd KgdKgd KiKevl QTa !@s QTp Qa Qoa Qa Qc Ynl Qa Water Kal Qgt Qt Kevm Qc Qa QTg Yn 10 Ynl Qgt Water Qc Colluvium (Holocene) Kmh Maudlow Formation, unit h Qgt Kevu Ki Ki Qc 30 Kqd Qa Kl Lamprophyre (Late Cretaceous) Kevm Kevm Ki !@s 80 20 30 Ynl 30 Ki Kbqm Qgt Kevl Qp Qa Ql 40 Kevm Kg Ygl 75 Ygl Ygm Qa Qc Qac af dt ?? Qt 50 Qa Kqm Km Ks QTg 38Qac Ynu Ql Qa 30 Qa Tl 15 55 33 Ygm Qt Qa Kbqm Kgd Kevl Ks QTg 46 Holocene Kal dt @r Qgt Kqm Qoa QTg !@s Qp Qc 10 30 Qbg Qgt16 !@f Qbg Kevm Kgd Ki Qoa !@sc Ql 5 Ql Kqm Qac Alluvium and colluvium, undivided (Holocene) Kmg Maudlow Formation, unit g Jm Morrison Formation (Jurassic) ? Qp Qpw Kbqm Qa #ql Qa Kal Km 15 Kevl Kqm Qgt Qa Qa 5 Ql Qp 60 45 Kbqm Qgt Qgty Qgty Kevl Ks QTg Qac !@s Qa Kgd Ql 20 Qoa Keva10 Qp 40 Qgt Kgd 45 80 37 27 Qgty Kbqm Kevl Kc Kgd Qp ? Qag QUATERNARY Kevm Kevu 15 QTa Ks 10 Qac Qbg Qp Kqm af Qog Qgt Kal Kal Kgd Kevl QTa Ki !@s 25 Qoa af Artificial fill (Holocene) Kmf Maudlow Formation, unit f Jme Morrison Formation and Ellis Group, undivided (Jurassic) Qgtc Pleistocene Qt Qa Qa Qa Kgd Ki QTg QTg Qp Qc Qp Water ? Kqm Ki Qog 35 Qoa Qa Qgto Kal Qgty Keva Qgty !@s Qp 40 Tl ? Kbqm Kbqm QaKevl Ki Ks Kc QTg Qp Qbg Qa Kal Kbqmf Qa #ql Ki Ks Kqm Qgt Qoa 30 QTa Qt Kbqmf Kbqm Kal Kevu Kevl Qa 30 Water 45 Kal Kbqmf Qgty Kevm Ks Qc Kc Yn QTp2 20 20 Qoa Kal Kbqmf Kal Kevm 60 4 Kevl KqmKevl !@s 20 Kqm Qoa dt Dredge tailings (Holocene) Kbqm Kal Qgty Qa Ki Ks Qac Kme Maudlow Formation, unit e Je Ellis Group, undivided (Jurassic) ? QTp QTp QTg Kbqm Qc Kqm KsQTa Qgty Qa Qp 1 Kal Qgt @r Qa Keva Qc Ks Qp !@s Qp 80 QgtyQcWater Kqm !@f QTp2 Kal Kal #ql #ql Qgty KalKeva Kevm Qgt Ks Ki Tl 24 Kal KevmKeva Kbqm QTa !@s Ynu Qa Kal Kal #ql KbqmKevm Ks Ks Kc QTp1 30 Kqm Qoa Kal @r Qgty QTa Ks 30 15 Qoa QTg Qc 35 Kqm Water 45 ? Qt Kal Kal @r Kbqm Kevu Keva 15 Ks Ki QaKs KevlQa Qa Yn 45 Kal Keva Qc KiKs 19 Kevl 15 QgtyKqm QoaYgl Ql Landslide deposit (Holocene and Pleistocene) Kmd Maudlow Formation, unit d Pp Phosphoria Group (Permian) Qt Kal Kal Qgty Keva Ki KevmKeva Kevm Qc Ks Ks QaKevl QTp1 Tl Qgty 45 Qt Qa 10 Ks Qc Ki Qa Kevl Qa Kqm Ynu Qoa 45 50 Unconformity Pliocene Ql Kal Qc Kal Kevu Ki Qgty KevmKevm KqmKevlKi Qa Kqm Kevl Water Qgty Kqd Ygm QaWater 80 Ki Ks Kevl Ks Yn Kgd Yn 25 @r Kal QgtyKbqm Kevu Keva QTa Ks Qa Kqm !@sc Tl Qgty Water Kqm af @r Kal Kal Kal Ki Ki Kevl Ki Ks Ki Qp Kal 20 Kevu Ki 15 Qa Ki Qa Qc 2 !@s QTp2 Water Qp Water Ygm Qp Kevu 12 Ki Ki Ki Kqm Ql 15 Qgty Ynu Qt Terrace gravel (Holocene and Pleistocene) Kmc Maudlow Formation, unit c P*pq Phosphoria Group (Permian) and Quadrant Formation (Pennsylvanian), undivided Keva Kevl Kg QTg Qoa 45 Qt Kal Kevu Ki Ki Ks Water Qp ~!s Kal Kevm Ki Keva Qt Ki Kevl 33Kqm Qoa Kal Kal Qa Keva 10 Qbg Qa Qbg Qp Kal Kal Qt Kal Kevm 10 Kevm Kevm 10 Qa Qc Qbg 20 25Water Kqm Kqm Kal @r Kevm 40 15 QTa Qa Kqm Qgty 34 Qa Qgty Kevu KiKevm10 Qa Qa Kevl Ks 10 Qbg 30 TlYn Yn Qgty 20 12 ? ? Qt Qt @rQa @r Keva 16 Qa Qoa Water Water 37 Qp Pediment gravel (Holocene? and Pleistocene) Kmb Maudlow Formation, unit b *q Quadrant Formation (Pennsylvanian) Miocene Qa @r @b Qgty Ki Kevu Ki Keva Kevm Kevl 20 47 Qoa QTb Qa @r Kevu Keva 4 Qa 45 35 Qc Qgty 30 Qoa ? Kbqm Kal 35 Kevu Ki Kevm Ki Qa 10 Kal Ki Ki Qgty Qc Ks Yn Qc Qoa Qt Kbqm Kbqm Qc @r Kevu Keva 40 10 Unconformity !@s2 TERTIARY @r @r Kevu 10 Ki Kevl Qc Ks Qoa 40 Ki Kevl Qoa 35 dt Qc Keva Kevu Kgd 15 Kevl Ki Kevl 10 Qc 40 !@f !@s Kal @r@r Kal 10Kevu Ki Qc 10 48 Ygu Qbg Boulder gravel (Holocene or Pleistocene) Kma Maudlow Formation, unit a *a Amsden Formation (Pennsylvanian) @s3 @b Kevu Ki Keva Keva Qgty Qa Kevl Ks Ks20 Qgty Qgt !@sc !@ts Qa Kevm Kevl Ql Qgt Kal @r Ki 25 Kevm Kqm Ks Qbg !@s1 @s2 @r @r Qgty 9 Ki Kcu Ks 15 @b Oligocene Qgt Kal Kal Kevm Ki Ki 22 Ks 15 Kqm 45 Keva Ki Qgty Keva Kevm Ki 38 Qc Qac Qbg Qc Ynl Ql 30 Qt Kevm Ki Ks Ks QTp2 15 Qgt Qpw Pediment gravel with windblown silt and sand (Holocene? and Pleistocene) Kev Elkhorn Mountains Volcanics, undivided (Upper Cretaceous) *Mab Amsden Formation (Pennsylvanian) and Big Snowy Group (Upper Mississippian), undivided @s1 Kal Kbqmm Keva Ki Kevu Kevm 6 15 Ks Ks Ki Ks Qbg 25 45 Yn Qa Kbqmm Qa Ki Kevm Keva Ki Kqm Kevl Kcu af Unconformity Qa Kal Kevm Kevu 20 Ks !@s Tl Ygl 37 26 Kbqm Kevu Ki Keva 12 Kcu Qgt Kqm35 QtQa Kbqmm Keva Kevu Qgty Ki Water QTp2 Kqm Qa ? ? Qt Qa Keva Ki 25 Kevm 60 Ynl 52 Unconformity KbqmKbqm Kbqmm Kevm KiKi Kevm Keva Qgty 80 Ks Ks Qc 28Kqm Qgt Ygu Kbqm Qgt Kevu Keva 15 7 Ks Ki 28 30 Qoa Old alluvium (Holocene or Pleistocene) Kevu Upper member Mb Big Snowy Group, undivided (Upper Mississippian) 15 Keva Kl KevmKevm Kevm Ki Kqm KadQt Kal KevaKeva Kevm Qgty Keva Qa Yn Ynu #ql Qa Kevu Kevm KevaQgty Ki 10 QTa Qc 45 Tl Qa KiKevm Qgty Keva KevuKevu Kevl Qp Kqm Qgty Qgty Kevm Qgty Ks Kcu Qp Eocene Kevl Ki Keva Ki KevuKeva Ki Kqm KiKi Kevm Qgty Kevm Ki Ks 40 Kqm Western part Southeastern part ? Qa Qgty KiKevm Keva KevaKiKevm Kcm 40 Kqm Ygm Ki Kev Kevm Kcu 20 33 26 Qog Old gravel (Holocene or Pleistocene) Kevm Middle member Mmu Mission Canyon and Lodgepole Limestones, undivided (Upper and Lower Mississippian) Kevl Kevu Kevm 17 Kevl Ki Ks 15 Kqm Kqm 35 of quadrangle of quadrangle Unconformity Qgt Kevl Kevm 25 Keva Kqm Kevl KsKi Kcu Qa Qa 25 40 Qgt Ki Ki Qgty Qgty Kevm Ki 55 43 Ki 25 Keva Ki Ki Kevl Ki Kc Ki af 13 17 Ki 10 Ki Ki Kevl Ki Water Qc 5 Kevl KevaKeva Kevm20 Kev Kevl Ki Water 10 Qbg 45 Keva Kevl Kevl Qa Ks Qa Kcm 15 Qgt Ki Keva Kevm Qgty Qgty 19 Ki 13 Qag Alluvium and glacial till, undivided (Holocene? and Pleistocene) Keva Ashflow tuff (present in Kevm and locally in Kevl) Mm Mission Canyon Limestone (Upper and Lower Mississippian) Kal Qa Qa Qag Kevm Ki Qc Kevl Qa Ys Kal Qgt Ki KevaKeva Keva Kqm Qc KsKi Kcm 20 Qag Qgt 23 36 7 Kbqmf 25 Kevm Kevm Kevl Kevl QTp1 Qag 25 15 Kqm Kevm Qgtc Ki QaKi 40 65 Kmh Ki Kevl Qgtc Ki QaQTa QTa QTa Ygl 45 Kevl Qgty Keva Keva Ki Ki Qgtc Kevm Qa af Ynu Qc Kg Qgt Kevm KevlKevl Kevl Kcu Kcm Qag Ynl45 Ygu Qgt Glacial till, undifferentiated (Pleistocene) Kevl Lower member Ml Lodgepole Limestone (Lower Mississippian) Kqm Kmo Keva 20 20 Kqm Kmg Kal Kbqm QgtyKevm Ki KiKiKeva Kqm Kbqm Qa Kevl Qgtc Ki Kcl Kwqm Qgt Kevl Kevl Qa Qp 55 25 Kqm KqmKqm KiKevl Ki QTa 25 !@f Kevu Kmf Kevm Qgt Kgd 90 Ki 18 47 Kgd Ki Kgd Kqm Qc Water Ynu50 Qag Keva Ki Keva KsKi af Qt Kbqmm Qgty 10 25 Kevl af Qgtc Older glacial till and associated colluvium (Pleistocene) Ks Slim Sam Formation (Upper Cretaceous) MDt Three Forks Formation (Lower Mississippian and Upper Devonian) Kqd Ksd Ki !@s Qc 25 12 Qa Kqm KsKcu !@s 20 68 Keva Kme Ki Jme Qp 10 QTp1 Qc 20 65 Ygu 9017 13 Qgtc Kk Water 55 Kevm Qgty Kcm Qa Kev 38 !@s Ynu70 QTg 5 Kb Kd Km Qa 15 Ki QTa 50 Qgty Glacial till, younger till where more than one age of till is recognized (Pleistocene) Ke Eagle Sandstone (Upper Cretaceous) Du Upper and Middle Devonian rocks, undivided Keva Ki Kad Kl Qa Qa 35 QTaQa Kqm Kmd Kbqm Kal Ki Ki 27 Ys Ygu Qa 51 25 Kgd Jme Ynu 15 QTg Upper Kbqm Kqm QTg Kcl 35 15 23 13 Qa Qa 3729 Ki Qgtc Qoa !@s Kqm 10 Kmc Kbqm 405213 Kcu Kk Kevl Kcm Ygu !@f Kevl Cretaceous KiKi Ki Kcm Qp Qp 70 Ynu 83 75 75 Qgt Kk Kk Qp QTp1 15 Qgto Glacial till, older till where more than one age of till is recognized (Pleistocene) Qa Ki Ki QTg 15 Qa !@f Qa Ktc Telegraph Creek Formation (Upper Cretaceous) Dj Jefferson Formation (Upper Devonian) Kmb Kal Qa 22 Kevl Kad Ki Ks Kk Kcm !@s 17 Kal Qgt Qa Kcm Kcm !@s 15 50 50 !@f Water Qgt Qgtc 25 Kcu 29 Kcl Qt !@sQp Kqm Qa Qp Ksd Kcu KiKk 27Kcm Qt Qa QTp1 Qc 28 Qp !@f Water 32 Ki 10 35 Ygl Kma Qgt Qgt 32 Qa Qa Kcu Kk Kcm Qt Qp Qa 20 15 Ki Kad KiKi 25 Kcl QTa 15 !@fYgm QTa Older alluvium (Pleistocene or Pliocene) Kc Colorado Group sedimentary rocks, undivided (Upper and Lower Cretaceous) Qgt Qgty Kqm Ksd QTg Kcl Kk Qa QTp1 32 D_m Maywood Formation (Upper and Middle Devonian), locally includes some Cambrian rocks Ks CRETACEOUS Ki Ks Ks Ki Qa Ki Kd 50 Qt 20 !@f Yg !@f Qgty 27 KadKs Ki QgtcKi Kevl Kk Kcm Kk Qoa Ygl Unconformity Keva 14 17 Ki 23 Kd Qa !@s Qp Ynl Qt Qt Intrusive contacts Kad Qgtc KevlKi KiKk Qt Kevl 758548 Ks Ki Ki Ki Kqm KiKevl *q 3 Ygm !@f Kad Ki Ksd 50 Kcm Kcl 10 !@s Qp Ys Ki Kevl Qa Ks Qgtc Ksd Kk Kd Ygu !@f af Kcu Kcu Qt Qp QTp1 30 Qa QTg Older gravel (Pleistocene or Pliocene) Kcu Upper part (Upper and Lower Cretaceous) _pp Pilgrim Formation (Upper Cambrian) and Park Shale (Upper and Middle Cambrian), undivided 8354 Qa Kevl 20 Ki KkJme Qoa Water Kad Kad KadQt Kgd Kevl Ki Kk *a*a Qt Qt Qt Qp 25 Ys Ke 8253 Kcu Ki Kcl Je Qt Qa Qt 25 !@s Qgt 12 @r Kad Kcm Kad Ki Ki Jme*qPp Pp Mm Qa 65 20 Qt Kad Qt Ki Kevl 35 Je QTp1 35 60 !@f Ki Kad Qgto Kevl Jme Qoa QtQt Qt Qt !@s Qt 35 25 Kcu Kcm Ki Ksd *q Pp*q Qa Qt 60 Ynu 60 Qp Ktc Kal Keva Kad Qgto QtKad Ki Pp Qt QtQoa 25 Qa 23 QTp Ys QTp
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    Cross-Section of Paleozoic Rocks of Western North Dakota

    JolfN P. BLOEMLE N. D. Geological Survey NORTH DAKOTA GEOLOGICAL SURVEY WILSON M. LAIRD, State Geologist Miscel1aneous Series No. 34 CROSS-SECTION OF PALEOZOIC ROCKS OF WESTERN NORTH DAKOTA BY CLARENCE G. CARLSON Reprinted from Stratigraphic Cross Section of Paleozoic Rocks-Oklahoma to Saskatchewan, 1967: The American Association of Petroleum Geologists Cross Section Publication 5, p. 13-15, 1 Plate Grand Forks, North Dakota, 1967 NORTH DAKOTAI (Section E-F. Plate 5) C. G. CARLSON' Grand Forks, North Dakota INTRODUCTION which, in ascending order, are the Black Island, Icebox, The North Dakota segment of the cross section was and Roughlock. The Black Island generally consists of constructed with the base of the Spearfish Formation as clean quartzose sandstone, the Icebox of greenish-gray, noncalcareous shale, and the Roughlock of greenish-gray the datum. However, the Permian-Triassic boundary to brownish-gray, calcareous shale or siltstone. now is thought to be within redbeds of the Spearfish The Black Island and Icebox Formations can be Formation (Dow, 1964). If this interpretation is cor­ traced northward to Saskatchewan, but they have not rect, perhaps as much as 300 ft of Paleozoic rocks in been recognized as formations there and are included in well 3 and smaller thicknesses in wells I, 2, and 4-12 an undivided Winnipeg Formation. The Black Island are excluded from Plate 5. pinches out southwestward because of nondeposition Wells were selected which best illustrate the Paleozo­ along the Cedar Creek anticline, but the Icebox and ic section and its facies changes in the deeper part of Roughlock Formations, although not present on the the Williston basin.
  • Stratigraphy and Depositional Environment of the Upper Mississippian Big Snowy Group in the Bridger Range, Southwest Montana By

    Stratigraphy and Depositional Environment of the Upper Mississippian Big Snowy Group in the Bridger Range, Southwest Montana By

    Stratigraphy and depositional environment of the Upper Mississippian Big Snowy Group in the Bridger Range, southwest Montana by Gary Eich Guthrie A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Earth Science Montana State University © Copyright by Gary Eich Guthrie (1984) Abstract: The Big Snowy Group is restricted to a trough which extends from southwest Montana into the Williston basin. Thickness variation of the group on the southern margin of the trough reflects movement of structural elements along an ancient structural weakness located in the central Bridget Range. Field and petrographic data are integrated to determine the depositional environment and stratigraphy of the group and to document the tectonic influence on sedimentation along this zone. The group is divided into the Kibbey Formation, with two informal members, and the Lombard facies of the Heath Formation. The lower Kibbey is supratidal algal laminated dolostone with dessication features and evaporite solution breccias were deposited at the leading edge of the transgressing Big Snowy sea. Siliciclastic intertidal channels on the sabkha are restricted to the central range where subsidence was greatest. The upper Kibbey and Lombard facies provide further evidence of a trough in the central Bridgers. The upper Kibbey is a regressive shoreface deposit composed of fine grained sandstone at the northern and southern ends of the range. Mudstone and siltstone dominate in the center of the range where deeper water and lower energy conditions prevailed. Ultimately, the Kibbey shoreface transgressed out of the area and the Lombard facies was deposited in a partially restricted shelf lagoon.
  • Incised Valley-Fill System Development and Stratigraphic

    Incised Valley-Fill System Development and Stratigraphic

    INCISED VALLEY-FILL SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT AND STRATIGRAPHIC ANALYSIS OF THE LOWER CRETACEOUS KOOTENAI FORMATION, NORTHWEST MONTANA by Casey Ryan Reid A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Earth Sciences MONTANA STATE UNIVERSITY Bozeman, Montana April 2015 ©COPYRIGHT by Casey Ryan Reid 2015 All Rights Reserved ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to thank the Big Sky Carbon Sequestration Partnership and Vecta Oil and Gas for the financial and technical support received during this project. I would also like to thank my committee Dr. Jim Schmitt, Dr. Dave Bowen and Dr. Dave Lageson for their support and guidance throughout the duration of this thesis. Montana State University and the American Association of Petroleum Geologists are also acknowledged for financial support received and continued excellence in the geosciences. Without the support of my family and friends this project would surely never have been completed. While I am indebted to numerous people a number of specific words of thanks are necessary: to my parents whose love, guidance, and unwavering encouragement has never yielded, to my sisters who always supplied a welcome break from work and to my fellow geoscientists Jack Borksi, Nick Atwood, Nate Corbin, Ryan Hillier, and Colter Anderson. iii TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION, OBJECTIVES, & SIGNIFICANCE OF STUDY ...........................1 Introduction ......................................................................................................................1
  • Evolution of the Cordilleran Foreland Basin System in Northwestern Montana, U.S.A

    Evolution of the Cordilleran Foreland Basin System in Northwestern Montana, U.S.A

    Evolution of the Cordilleran foreland basin system in northwestern Montana, U.S.A. Facundo Fuentes†, Peter G. DeCelles, Kurt N. Constenius, and George E. Gehrels Department of Geosciences, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA ABSTRACT episode of marine inundation and black shale 1989; Fermor and Moffat, 1992; Stockmal et al., deposition (Marias River Shale) occurred be- 1992; Beaumont et al., 1993; Plint et al., 1993; New lithostratigraphic and chronostrati- tween the Cenomanian and mid-Santonian, Ross et al., 2005; Miall et al., 2008; Yang and graphic, geochronologic, and sedimentary and was followed by a regressive succession Miall, 2009). This bimodal focus was mainly petrologic data illuminate the history of represented by the Upper Santonian–mid- driven by either the presence of anomalously development of the North American Cor- Campanian Telegraph Creek, Virgelle, and good surface exposures, as in the case of the dilleran foreland basin system and adjacent Two Medicine Formations. Provenance data western interior United States, or by hydro- thrust belt from Middle Jurassic through do not resolve the timing of individual thrust carbon exploration and a large subsurface data- Eocene time in northwestern Montana. The displacements during Cenomanian–early base, as in Canada (Miall et al., 2008). The oldest deposits in the foreland basin system Campanian time. The Upper Campanian ~300-km-long segment of the foreland basin consist of relatively thin, regionally tabu- Bearpaw Formation represents the last major lying within and east of the Cordilleran belt in lar deposits of the marine Ellis Group and marine inundation in the foreland basin . By northwestern Montana remains comparatively fl uvial-estuarine Morrison Formation, which latest Campanian time, a major epi sode of poorly understood in terms of its stratigraphy, accumulated during Bajocian to Kimmerid- slip on the Lewis thrust system had com- basin evolution, and relationship with the kine- gian time.