Report C29655/AMIF Armenia: Gyumri Urban Roads -
Feasibility Study
Client European Bank for Reconstruction and
Development
Document title
Environmental and Social Impact Assessment ESIA
Document date 25.03.2015 Revision: 1
iC consulenten Ziviltechniker GesmbH Schönbrunner Strasse 297, 1120 Vienna, Austria T +43 1 521 69-0, F +43 1 521 69-180 [email protected], www.ic-group.org FN 137252 t
EN ISO 9001
In association with
BERNARD INGENIEURE ZT GMBH Bahnhofstrasse 19 6060 Hall in Tirol, Austria T + 43 5223 5840-0, F + 43 5223 5840-201 [email protected], www.bernard-gruppe.com FN 260331s ISO 9001:2008 Environmental and Social Impact Assessment 25.03.2015
DOCUMENT CONTROL SHEET
PROJECT NUMBER: 46x14328
PREPARED BY: iC consulenten Ziviltechniker GesmbH Schoenbrunner Strasse 297, A-1120 Vienna Phone: +43 1 521 69 0 Fax: +43 1 521 69 180 E-Mail: [email protected]
PREPARED FOR: European Bank for Reconstruction and Development One Exchange Square, London, EC2A 2JN Tel: + 7 495 787 1111 ext. 168 Email: [email protected]
DATE: 25.03.2015
EDITOR: Henning Wefelnberg, Lucas Dittrich, James Mathews
Date Revision No. Editor Checked by Approved by Signature
28.01.2015 0 DiL WeH MaJ
25.03.2015 1 DiL WeH MaJ
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ABREVIATIONS
EBRD European Bank for Reconstruction and Development KWH kilowatt Hour LED Light Emitting Diode EU European Union EUR Euro QMS Quality Management System ADB Asian Development Bank PM Project Manager CDP City Development Plan ESIA Environmental and Social Impact Assessment ESAP Environmental and Social Action Plan ToR Terms of Reference GIS Geographic Information System SLA Service Level Agreement BOT Build Operate Transfer FS Feasibility Study
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CONTENT
1. Preparation of the ESIA ...... 5 2. Project Components ...... 5 2.1. Road Rehabilitation Works ...... 5 2.1.1. Resurfacing of primary Roads ...... 5 2.1.2. Replacement and Reconstruction of secondary Roads ...... 6 2.2. Drainage Rehabilitation Works ...... 8 2.3. Footways Rehabilitation Works ...... 8 2.4. Road Safety ...... 8 2.5. Time Flow ...... 9 3. Legal Framework ...... 12 3.1. Screening and Scoping ...... 12 3.2. Screening according to Armenian Standards ...... 13 3.3. Screening according to EU-Standards ...... 13 3.4. Screening – EBRD Classification ...... 17 3.5. Necessity for Environmental and Social Impact Assessment – Screening Result ...... 17 3.5.1. Timeframe and administrative Framework of local EIA ...... 18 3.5.2. Documents to be submitted ...... 20 3.5.3. Administrative framework ...... 20 4. Relevant Impacts (Matrix of Relevance) ...... 21 4.1. Relevant Environmental and Social Assets ...... 23 4.1.1. Asset Human Being ...... 23 4.1.2. Social Impacts ...... 24 4.1.3. Asset Landscape ...... 24 4.1.4. Asset Biodiversity ...... 24 4.1.5. Asset Soil ...... 24 4.1.6. Asset Water ...... 25 4.1.7. Asset Climatic Conditions ...... 25 4.1.8. Asset GHG Emissions ...... 25 4.1.9. Cultural Heritage ...... 25 4.1.10. Other Impacts ...... 25 5. Baseline ...... 26 5.1. Delineation of project area ...... 26
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5.1.1. New Roads ...... 26 5.1.2. Existing Roads ...... 26 5.1.3. Reserve List ...... 26 5.2. Background Information ...... 28 5.3. Road Specific Environmental and Social Baseline ...... 29 5.3.1. Yerevanian Highway ...... 30 5.3.2. Garegin Njdeh Street ...... 32 5.3.3. Vazgen Sargsyan Street ...... 34 5.3.4. Shara Talayan Street ...... 36 5.3.5. Rustaveli street ...... 37 5.3.6. Mazmanyan street ...... 39 5.3.7. Komitas street ...... 41 5.3.8. Gertsen Street ...... 43 5.3.9. Ani Streets – Mush II link road ...... 45 5.3.10. Tigran Mets Avenue ...... 49 6. Impact Assessment ...... 51 6.1. Noise ...... 51 6.2. Air Pollution ...... 55 6.3. Road specific Impact Assessment of other Impact Factors ...... 56 6.4. Roads Envisaged for Resurfacing ...... 57 6.4.1. Yerevanian Highway ...... 57 6.4.2. Garegin Njdeh Street ...... 60 6.4.3. Vazgen Sargsyan ...... 64 6.4.4. Tigran Mets Avenue ...... 67 6.5. Roads envisaged for full replacement ...... 70 6.5.1. Shara Talayan Street ...... 70 6.5.2. Rustaveli Street ...... 74 6.5.3. Mazmanyan Street ...... 77 6.5.4. Komitas Street ...... 80 6.5.5. Gertsen Street ...... 84 6.5.6. 11th Ani district Street and Mush II Link Road ...... 87 6.6. Remaining Impact ...... 91 7. Environmental Management plan (EMP) ...... 92 8. Policy requirement table ...... 99 9. References ...... 107
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TABLES
Table 1: Projected Rehabilitation Works (altogether 10 roads in urban context) ...... 7 Table 2: Relevance matrix revealing potential environmental assets ...... 22 Table 3: Typical Noise Levels of Principal Construction Equipment...... 51 Table 4: Daily average traffic of short-listed roads, Year 2014 ...... 52 Table 5: Daily average traffic of short listed roads, Year 2020 ...... 52 Table 6: Noise status quo (2014) and noise prediction (2020) for each street for which refurbishment is planned ...... 55 Table 7: Noise status quo (2014) and noise prediction (2020) for each street foreseen for refurbishment...... 56 Table 8: Impact assessment for Yerevanian Highway ...... 60 Table 9: Impact assessment for Garegin Njdeh...... 64 Table 10: Impact assessment for Vazgen Sargsyan ...... 67 Table 17: Impact assessment for Tigran Mets Avenue ...... 70 Table 11: Impact assessment for Shara Talayan Street ...... 74 Table 12: Impact assessment for Rustaveli Street ...... 77 Table 13: Impact assessment for Mazmanyan Street ...... 80 Table 14: Impact assessment for Komitas Street ...... 84 Table 15: Impact assessment for Gertsen Street ...... 87 Table 16: Impact assessment for 11th Ani plus Ani-Mush II link road ...... 90 Table 18: Significant impact factors ...... 91 Table 19: Improvements or benefits of the project ...... 91
FIGURES
Figure 1: Scheme of the time flow for overlaying ...... 10 Figure 2: Scheme of the time flow for full road rehabilitation works ...... 11 Figure 3: Map of short-listed roads – Delineation of project area ...... 27 Figure 4: Development of the population (1830 - 2011). Source: Municipality of Gyumri and ADB- report on city development 2014 ...... 29 Figure 5: Baseline of Yerevanian Highway ...... 32 Figure 6: Baseline of Garegin Njdeh Street ...... 34 Figure 7: Baseline of Vazgen Sargsyan Street...... 36 Figure 8: Baseline of Shara Talayan Street ...... 37 Figure 9: Baseline of Rustaveli Street ...... 39 Figure 10: Baseline of Mazmanyan Street ...... 40 Figure 11: Baseline of Komitas Street ...... 43 Figure 12: Baseline of Gertsen Street ...... 44 Figure 13: Baseline of Ani Streets / Ani-Mush II Link Road ...... 49 Figure 14: Baseline of Tigran Mets Avenue ...... 50 Figure 15: Noise estimation status quo, Example day value of Shara Talayan Street 2014...... 53 Figure 16: Noise predictions. Example of Shara Talayan Street 2020...... 54
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1. PREPARATION OF THE ESIA
On behalf of the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD), this Gyumri Urban Roads Feasibility Study Report has been prepared by the consortium iC consulenten and Bernard Ingenieure and in conjunction with the Municipality of the City of Gyumri. It is intended to rehabilitate eight city roads from the prioritised short list agreed upon in November 2014 together with the Municipality of Gyumri. The project also considers two additional roads ( one primary and one secondary road) which are on a reserve list and which may be included into the project if sufficient funds are available. Three roads are primary roads. Five roads are secondary roads in a residential context. The refurbishment of the primary roads consists of an overlay of the existing road to increase asphalt thickness. The footway is also to be repaired along these primary roads. The refurbishment of the secondary roads consists of a full-depth road construction and the restoration of the footway. Additionally, the drainage is envisaged to be repaired. This ESIA has been prepared for the project and is focused on the next phases of the project which are design, construction and operation. The aim of the ESIA is to identify relevant impacts the project has with the assets according to the EU-Directive. Based on the local conditions, the impact resulting from the rehabilitation works is assessed. In case the rehabilitation works are likely to affect environmental and social assets, mitigation and compensation measures have to be implemented (refer to chapter 7). This implementation of mitigation measures is part of the EMP section of the ESIA. The ESAP (Environmental and Social Action Plan) offers a general overview of actions to be taken into account. The ESAP is another stand-alone document of the Gyumri Urban Roads EIA-package. Referring to this document, it has to be noted that Stakeholder Engagement necessities as well as redressal and grievance mechanisms are incorporated. The EMP of the ESIA summarizes the required actions derived from the assessment of environmental and social assets. The overall compliancy with guidelines in force for environmental assessments is respected in the ESAP as well.
2. PROJECT COMPONENTS
2.1. Road Rehabilitation Works
The project components are derived from the technical project as described in the Feasibility Study [hereafter FS]. The below-mentioned roads of Gyumri are subject of rehabilitation (refer to Table 1). The green labelling is referring to primary roads and the blue labelling is referring to secondary roads within a residential context. The selection of roads comprising primary and secondary roads is derived from traffic counts that have taken place in Gyumri. FS chapter 10.1 deals with the road conditions resulting in driving habits. The selections of roads favour on the one hand the accessibility and on the other hand the interconnectivity of the road network of the city of Gyumri. Additionally, more paved roads offer more alternatives for the existing traffic flow and thus a reduced congestion risk in the total network. Prior to all detailed design works, pavement quality tests will be conducted in regard to construction thickness, sub-base, base layer and top layer strength.
2.1.1. Resurfacing of primary Roads
This rehabilitation method has been developed for all those roads which were evaluated as being sufficiently paved, but with uneven, bumpy and cracked pavement. The overall road quality however
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leads to the assumption that the road base course is still in a sufficient condition for being further used. A combination of resurfacing, strengthening of the bearing layer, and increasing thickness to prevent freeze-thaw effects is proposed. Any resurfacing and overlaying would obviously increase the overall elevation of the existing pavement. Currently the worst case scenario is an increase of approx. 150 mm. Under the assumption that the existing streets have a usual minimum cross gradient of 2.5%, which must remain for dewatering, the road level would also increase at the kerbs with the same value. The extremely wide primary roads (and only such streets are considered for overlaying) allow several different mitigation methods, which can be applied as the individual situation allows. The Consultant made recommendations for several possible methods for such overlaying, which would keep the elevation at houses and shops along the roads unchanged. Additionally, some methods would have the side effect of refurbishing existing green strips along the roads, or modifying extremely wide paved footways (often more than 5 m on each road side) to partially green strips. All roads without immediately neighboring footways need no special measures but properly raised kerbs only. For detailed information refer to FS, chapter 9.15.
2.1.2. Replacement and Reconstruction of secondary Roads
Along all sections where the existing road pavement will be considered too weak or too deteriorated for overlaying, the complete pavement will have to be removed to a certain depth (deeper than the existing pavement), the stormwater drainage may have to be rehabilitated, the sub base will be compacted to the required strength, and the complete road needs to be reconstructed up to the final top-layer. The final road surface (vertical alignment and gradient) shall approximately meet the existing road alignment in order to avoid unnecessary additional problems with manholes etc. The actual decisions for the amount of reconstruction will be made after the inspections and tests have been carried out. This affects issues like e.g. layer thicknesses, milling thickness, asphalt resurfacing thickness, the decision for reconstruction instead of overlaying (where necessary).
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street lighting priority name of road length m existing condition reasons for reconstruction planned works estimated costs retrofit key section of the primary overlay existing road to very patched and locally route through Gyumri, increase asphalt Yerevan repaired paved road giving a 1 3900 requested by the municipality thickness and resurface. € 5.383.300 € 130.450,00 Highway very uneaven and bumpy for repairs and recommended Reinstate footway, locally surface in the ADB report repair drainage
recently resurfaced paved key section of the primary overlay existing road to road, but the road undulates route through Gyumri, increase asphalt Garegin Njdeh 2 1480 and dips suggesting requested by the municipality thickness and resurface. € 2.739.843 € 99.352,00 Avenue significant structural problems for repairs and recommended Reinstate footway, locally under the new surface course in the ADB report repair drainage
key section of the primary overlay existing road to very patched and locally route through Gyumri, increase asphalt Vazgen repaired paved road giving a 3 2080 requested by the municipality thickness and resurface. € 2.726.758 € 140.752,00 Sargsyan Str. very uneaven and bumpy for repairs and recommended Reinstate footway, locally surface in the ADB report repair drainage
forms an east west unpaved or partially paved connection between two new full depth road badly damaged road, primary routes and additionally Shara Talyan construction, reinstate 4 1125 unsuitable for most motor provides a shortcut to the € 1.020.758 Street footway, install / repair vehicles except at very slow hospital from western highway drainage speeds residential areas, requested by the municipality for repairs
forms an east west connection between two badly damaged cobbled road, primary routes and opens new full depth road unsuitable for most motor access to residential areas, construction, reinstate 5 Rustaveli Str. 1458 € 1.345.079 vehicles except at very slow requested by the municipality footway, install / repair speeds for repairs and recommended highway drainage in the ADB report, would open up new bus links forms a north south connection between two busy unpaved or partially paved routes and opens access to new full depth road badly damaged road, residential areas, requested construction, reinstate 6 Mazmanyan Str. 2150 unsuitable for most motor € 1.941.641 by the municipality for repairs footway, install / repair vehicles except at very slow and reccommended in the highway drainage speeds ADB report, would open up new bus links opens access to dense residential areas, would form unpaved or partially paved parts of a new connection to new full depth road badly damaged road, airport, would open up new construction, reinstate 7 Komitas Str. 900 unsuitable for most motor € 826.737 bus links, requested by the footway, install / repair vehicles except at very slow municipality for repairs and highway drainage speeds recommended in the ADB report forms an east west unpaved or partially paved connection between two new full depth road badly damaged road, primary routes and opens construction, reinstate 8 Gertsen Str. 907 unsuitable for most motor access to residential areas, € 1.103.864 footway, install / repair vehicles except at very slow requested by the municipality highway drainage speeds for repairs, would open up new bus links Reserve list links Ani district to MUSH district, forms a north south 1080m southern section of connection between two busy 1080m southern section 58 district 11th unpaved or partially paved routes and opens access to of new full depth road street badly damaged road, dense residential areas, 9 1080 construction, reinstate € 742.988 plus 500m Mush unsuitable for most motor requested by the municipality footway, install / repair II Link Road vehicles except at very slow for repairs and partly highway drainage speeds recommended in the ADB report, would open up new bus links key section of the primary overlay existing road to very patched and locally route through Gyumri, increase asphalt repaired paved road giving a 10 Tigran Mets Ave. 1020 requested by the municipality thickness and resurface. € 1.723.409 € 70.668,00 very uneaven and bumpy for repairs and recommended Reinstate footway, locally surface in the ADB report repair drainage
Table 1: Projected Rehabilitation Works (altogether 10 roads in urban context) The existing street lighting system uses mainly conventional bulbs. It has been built in the soviet era and is kept in working condition by constant improvised repair works. Currently about 50% of the existing installation is operable. To save energy costs the municipality had instigated reduced operation times of the street lighting system (12:00 pm secondary streets, 3:00 am main streets and
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squares). The municipality has started a program of upgrading the illuminants on the most important primary roads to LED technology, while keeping the rest of the infrastructure as is. The Consultant suggests upgrading the shortlisted streets to LED illuminants, upgrading the feeder system to insulated overhead lines and installing basic safety equipment which protects LEDs and assures the maximum possible lifetime for new illuminants. This also includes retrofitting streets already equipped with LEDs. LED illuminants and improved feeders and safety system will considerably decrease costs for operation and maintenance of the upgraded streets over the lifetime of the new, improved street lighting system. As a benefit of the rehabilitation works, better lighting and additional brighter lighting on existing and additional pedestrian crossings will increase the overall road safety, but in particular the pedestrian safety. This is an important issue, since in fast developing countries like Armenia a significantly high amount of severe road accidents include pedestrians.
2.2. Drainage Rehabilitation Works
Prior to detailed design and rehabilitation works, all selected streets have to be inspected in regard to the condition of: - Sewer pipes and manholes - Water supply pipes - Road drainage
If necessary, the facilities have to be repaired. The water supply pipes are currently undergoing renewal works and this will be completed in the near future.
2.3. Footways Rehabilitation Works
New or reconstructed footways increase the willingness to use for pedestrians and also their regular safety (where footways are completely missing today). It can be expected that especially on rainy days and during the winter season many pedestrians currently use the gravelled or paved carriageways instead of the footways, since many “footways” are rather unusable under wet conditions. It is therefore necessary that all new footways have to be cleared in winter from snow and ice regularly (either by the maintenance contractor or by house owners, depending on the local regulations) to avoid such evasive effects in future. Where existing paved footways are extremely wide (often more than 5 m on each road side), green strips with trees may be added between footways and the road. This leads to a visual improvement and additionally provide shade in the summer months. Existing trees are envisaged to be considered by the footway rehabilitation works. Additional trees are envisaged to be planted where appropriate.
2.4. Road Safety
Road safety improvements and traffic organisation improvements are key to all proposed works. The avenues and highways are extremely wide, and all city squares have very wide roads (partly as roundabouts, partly without), but without any traffic islands, signing, traffic markings, determined parking areas and determined lanes, separation of pedestrians. Although car drivers act surprisingly
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respectfully to pedestrians, improvements are necessary for safety reasons and for a conflict-free future traffic flow. Pedestrians shall be supported by reconstruction of existing footways to provide a continuous link along both sides of the roads, as well as determined road crossings with drop kerbs and refuge islands (signed and well-lit at night). Consideration should be given to providing facilities for disabled road users, which currently can neither use most of the roads (unpaved), nor most of the footways (too many potholes or completely missing), nor road crossings (high kerb up-stands). Improved and rehabilitated stormwater drainage will increase the road safety by stopping water pooling and freezing. Additional and new traffic signs (where required) and completely new and improved road markings along all rehabilitated road sections and at junctions will help to better organize the traffic flow and to increase the road safety. Better lighting and additional brighter lighting on existing and additional pedestrian crossings increase the overall road safety, but in particular the pedestrian safety. Auxiliary road safety measures like marking (of lanes, junctions, parking space and no-use areas) and signing of roads and junctions, marking and signing of pedestrian crossings, new traffic islands for new roundabouts or for safe pedestrian crossings are to be designed in the detailed design stage, since they require an exact terrestrial survey and an agreed design manual.
2.5. Time Flow
The schemes below show how the time flow of the process is planned. For the roads which are overlaid, this means the following: The road is milled and resurfaced lane by lane. As modern milling and pavement machines are to be applied, the process is fast, noise and dust emissions are reduced to a minimum. Due to the roads’ width, traffic flow in both directions is possible at all times. Access to shops and houses is granted via the sidewalks. The footway reconstruction follows the road works and access then is granted by access aids. The expected time period for roads which are overlaid amounts 1-2 weeks. Sidewalks guarantee access during road construction. The Total time of works (carriageway reconstruction and footway reconstruction) amounts to 3-4 weeks.
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Figure 1: Scheme of the time flow for overlaying
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For the roads which are to be fully reconstructed and replaced, the process takes a little longer, as also the base layers need to be reconstructed. The construction will be step-by-step in logical sections (e.g. block wise), which allow traffic to by-pass the current construction site. Again, access to shops and houses is granted via the sidewalks. The footway reconstruction follows the road works and access then is granted by access aids. The expected time period for roads which are fully reconstructed (carriageway reconstruction and footway reconstruction) amounts 2-5 months. Sidewalks guarantee access during road construction.
Figure 2: Scheme of the time flow for full road rehabilitation works
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3. LEGAL FRAMEWORK
3.1. Screening and Scoping
In the first step a screening was carried out on the basis of the EU guidance documents on screening and scoping (EU Guidance on EIA, screening June 2001 [1]). The existing checklist from these documents will be used to determine the significance and magnitude of potential environmental impacts. In addition to the guidance documents from the EU, also the Armenian legislation is to be reviewed to evaluate, whether the national law requires a full ESIA or not.
Step 1 – Project Annex I or II Project
Step 2 – Project on Mandatory List requiring ESIA? or II Project
Step 3 – Project on Exclusion List requiring ESIA?
Step 4 – “case by case” decision – likely significant
impacts?
In order to keep a record of this process the following steps are undertaken: Contact Details for the Developer Characteristics of the Project (has to be adopted to the stage of the project) Location of the Project Characteristics of the Project (for this purpose a checklist will be used to evaluate the significance of the potential impacts). The characteristics of the project and its environment will be taken into account in this step
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3.2. Screening according to Armenian Standards
The 10th Article of the Constitution of the Republic of Armenia (passed in 1995, amended on 2005) [3] outlines the State responsibility for environmental protection, reproduction and sustainable use of natural resources. Roads classification, details related to the construction, rehabilitation, exploitation, financing and registration of the roads are defined by the RA Law on Automobile roads, dated on 05.12.2006. RA Law on Environmental Impact Assessment and Expertise, adopted on 21.06.2014 [4] The following categories define the EIA procedure implementation for infrastructures. The categories are mentioned within the amendments to the RA Law on Environmental Impact Assessment and Expertize is dated on 11.09.2014 and take into the force since 03.10.2014 [4]. A category Construction or reconstruction of roads with four and more traffic lines, or extension of roads with no more than two traffic lines for the purpose of creating four and more traffic lines, if the corresponding segment has a total/ non interrupted length of 10 km and more. B category Construction of tunnels, subway railways or railroads with a length of 1 km and more, construction of bridges with a 25 ton weight-carrying capacity over rivers. Both categories do not refer to road improvement and a non-interrupted length of 10 km is not envisaged. This implementation of the categories indicates that an ESIA is not necessary due to RA Law for this project. Anyhow, The RA Law on Environmental Impact Assessment and Expertize [4] would require parallel with the EU-Directives [5] the screening phase including a screening document / concept paper and a public hearing (1st public hearing) within a strategic impact assessment. Further steps or decision-making process after this phase (Notification / “case-by case” decision) are only required if separate component require an EIA. Conclusion on that will be provided by RA Ministry of Nature Protection. The strategic impact assessment or so called “concept paper” is based on Article 14 (Concept Documents and expected activities, required Environmental Assessment and Expertise) for projects related to the fields: Socio-economic, energy, urban, transportation and connection, agricultural, entrails use, industrial, healthcare, environmental, recreational, service, forestry management, water use, water system sectors.
3.3. Screening according to EU-Standards
The following checklist is based on the EU guidance documents 2001 [1] in order to identify potential impact factors resulting from the project and the need for further environmental and social appraisal. Annex III of this Directive sets out the criteria which must be considered in screening. To help EIA participants apply these criteria in case-by-case screening, a checklist was prepared to support and help the process of deciding whether or not a project is likely to have significant effects on the environment.
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Is this likely to result in a Yes / No / ?. Briefly Questions to be Considered significant effect? describe Yes / No / ? – Why? 1. Will construction, operation or Yes No decommissioning of the Project involve actions Roads envisaged to be No interference of road which will cause physical changes in the locality refurbished cross some small improvements with water (topography, land use, changes in waterbodies, rivers bodies, topography, land use. etc)? 2. Will construction or operation of the Project Yes ? use natural resources such as land, water, materials Ani-districts 7th street including Required land is already or energy, especially any resources which are non- new link road to MUSH II will biased. renewable or in short supply? required land. No water protected area, no nature protection area, no natural soil, mainly residuals from spontaneous dumping. 3. Will the Project involve use, storage, transport, Yes ? handling or production of substances or materials Construction works involves Fuel should be stored below which could be harmful to human health or the handling with fuels. the surface to prevent any environment or raise concerns about actual or uncontrolled ingress of fuel perceived risks to human health? into the water and soils. 4. Will the Project produce solid wastes during Yes ? construction or operation or decommissioning? Construction waste, old asphalt Appropriate disposal required cover layer (Granulate) 5. Will the Project release pollutants or any ? ? hazardous, toxic or noxious substances to air? Projected average daily traffic Insignificant increases of air was assessed. pollutants due to increasing traffic values in operation (partially decreases due to better road conditions in case of PM; Emissions during construction phase temporary. 6. Will the Project cause noise and vibration or ? ? release of light, heat energy or electromagnetic Projected average daily traffic Noise and vibration likely radiation? was assessed. during construction works, but these are temporary, higher average daily traffic volumes have limited coverage. 7. Will the Project lead to risks of contamination Yes ? of land or water from releases of pollutants onto Construction works involves Fuel should be stored below the ground or into surface waters, groundwater, handling with fuels. the surface to prevent any coastal wasters or the sea? uncontrolled ingress of fuel into the water and soils. However, construction works are not close to water bodies. 8. Will there be any risk of accidents during Yes ? construction or operation of the Project which During Construction and Safety measures to be could affect human health or the environment? Operation implemented 9. Will the Project result in social changes, for ? ? example, in demography, traditional lifestyles,
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Is this likely to result in a Yes / No / ?. Briefly Questions to be Considered significant effect? describe Yes / No / ? – Why? employment? Small-scale interference with Fast construction process roadside businesses Access aids / bridges guarantee access 24h/7days 10. Are there any other factors which should be No considered such as consequential development No other projects were which could lead to environmental effects or the observed which could interfere potential for cumulative impacts with other existing with the road improvements or planned activities in the locality? 11. Are there any areas on or around the location No which are protected under international or national
or local legislation for their ecological, landscape, cultural or other value, which could be affected by the project? 12. Are there any other areas on or around the No location which are important or sensitive for
reasons of their ecology e.g. wetlands, watercourses or other waterbodies, the coastal zone, mountains, forests or woodlands, which could be affected by the project? 13. Are there any areas on or around the location No which are used by protected, important or sensitive
species of fauna or flora e.g. for breeding, nesting, foraging, resting, overwintering, migration, which could be affected by the project? 14. Are there any inland, coastal, marine or ? ? underground waters on or around the location Already sealed project area See 2 which could be affected by the project? (existing roads). Land consumption (if Ani link road is projected) would take place on waste land with construction debris. 15. Are there any areas or features of high No landscape or scenic value on or around the location
which could be affected by the project? 16. Are there any routes or facilities on or around No the location which are used by the public for access No areas for recreation used by to recreation or other facilities, which could be the public have been observed affected by the project? during the screening. 17. Are there any transport routes on or around No the location which are susceptible to congestion or
which cause environmental problems, which could be affected by the project? 18. Is the project in a location where it is likely to Yes ? be highly visible to many people? Improvement works are likely See 9 to take place in the city 19. Are there any areas or features of historic or Yes ? cultural importance on or around the location Church, Historic building Road works are not likely to which could be affected by the project? ensembles affect historic buildings. Unforeseen discovery of
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Is this likely to result in a Yes / No / ?. Briefly Questions to be Considered significant effect? describe Yes / No / ? – Why? cultural heritage is unlikely but not excluded. 20. Is the project located in a previously No undeveloped area where there will be loss of
greenfield land? 21. Are there existing land uses on or around the Yes ? location e.g. homes, gardens, other private The prioritised list (19.11.2014) Construction process is fast property, industry, commerce, recreation, public refers to roads in an urban and footway is reinstated open space, community facilities, agriculture, context. Some roads hold subsequently to road forestry, tourism, mining or quarrying which could commercial use, others are of refurbishment. Business be affected by the project? residential character. accessibility can be guaranteed by access aids 24h/7.days 22. Are there any plans for future land uses on or No around the location which could be affected by the
project? 23. Are there any areas on or around the location Yes No which are densely populated or built-up, which The prioritised list (19.11.2014) Improvement works are could be affected by the project? refers to roads in an urban envisaged to remain within the context. borders of the roads (see 2) 24. Are there any areas on or around the location Yes ? which are occupied by sensitive land uses e.g. The prioritised list (19.11.2014) Improvement works are hospitals, schools, places of worship, community refers to roads in an urban foreseen to remain within the facilities, which could be affected by the project? context. Sensitive locations are borders of the roads referred to in the baseline. Noise and Vibration could disturb sensitive locations 25. Are there any areas on or around the location No which contain important, high quality or scarce
resources e.g. groundwater, surface waters, forestry, agriculture, fisheries, tourism, minerals, which could be affected by the project? 26. Are there any areas on or around the location Yes No which are already subject to pollution or Previous earthquake damage Improvement works are environmental damage e.g. where existing legal envisaged to remain within the environmental standards are exceeded, which could borders of the roads. be affected by the project? 27. Is the project location susceptible to Yes ? earthquakes, subsidence, landslides, erosion, Earthquake risk Safety measures to be flooding or extreme or adverse climatic conditions implemented e.g. temperature inversions, fogs, severe winds, which could cause the project to present environmental problems? Tab. 1: Summary of features of project and of its location indicating the need for EIA. Adopted from the EU-guidance documents for EIA, screening. June 2001 [1].
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3.4. Screening – EBRD Classification
In accordance with Appendix 1 and paragraph 19 of the EBRD’s Environmental and Social Policy 2008 [2], this Project has been categorized B. The category A was excluded, due to certain thresholds for road projects provided by Appendix 1. Although a four lane road is involved in this project the realignments or widening of road section do not exceed 10 kilometres or more in continuous length. Furthermore, there have been no sensitive locations (as indicated in paragraph 26) identified in the screening. The project is not resulting in significant adverse social impacts to local communities and other affected parties (as indicated in paragraph 27). At least, the project is not involving significant involuntary resettlement or economic displacements. The project is not matching the EBRD environmental and social exclusion list. The project has been categorized B, due to potential adverse environmental and social impacts which are typically site-specific and/or readily identified and addressed through mitigation measures (already considered by the technical project). The Due diligence requirements can vary within this and will be agreed with the EBRD on a “case-by case” decision.
3.5. Necessity for Environmental and Social Impact Assessment – Screening Result
The checklist should lead to a positive or negative screening result (EU-Guidance documents 2001) [1]. If there would be one “yes” and the answer to the question is likely to result in a significant effect, an EIA may be required. The greater the number of “yes” and “?” answers, indicating uncertainty about the occurrence or significance of effects, should also point towards a positive screening (i.e. EIA is required) decision because EIA process will help to clarify uncertain issues. The checklist reveals the following potentially significant points of the project in environmental and social concern. Taking into account the above mentioned results from the screening process it is recommended to carry out an ESIA. This recommendation is referring to the European law. As a result of the screening process, it was figured out that there is a need for an ESIA, respective ESAP. The need for an ESIA was assessed due to the EBRD Policy Requirements and its project categorisation, the EU Guideline document 2001 and Armenian Law (RA Law on Environmental Impact Assessment and Expertise, adopted on 21.06.2014). The present document conducts an ESIA due to EU Standards. For EBRD Performance refer to PR Compliance table (see Chapter 8). The amended RA Law (Armenian Law) [4] does not require an ESIA in general (see chapter 0). The project requires a strategic impact assessment (concept) paper and a public hearing. Decision on the need of a follow-up process will be provided by RA Ministry of Nature Protection. A concept paper for the strategic impact assessment according to Armenian Law is to be conduct in the follow-up process. (see ESAP and SEP). The local EIA is a separate document conducted for the overall project.
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3.5.1. Timeframe and administrative Framework of local EIA
In accordance with Art 15, the examination is carried out in two stages: 1.) A preliminary examination / screening, during which the study is a preliminary evaluation of the document / activities. 2.) The main stage/ detailed examination, during which examine the main document/activities in accordance with Art 16.
The preliminary examination stage of the examination / screening conducted by the initiator after submission to the Authorized body the application within 30 working days.
The preliminary examination stage is considered as an initial assessment of the application sets, particularly considered contents and completion of the concept document and (or) the possible impact of the scope. ToR for main stage of EIA should be developed and provided to the initiator.
Application for detailed examination should contain the following data: 1.) Initiator name and place of residence (location); 2.) Concept paper or activities name and purpose; 3.) Concept paper and (or) the subject area, including a brief description of the environmental situation in the scheme; 4.) Concept paper and (or) the characteristics (capacities, expected use of materials and natural resources, technical and technological solutions); 5.) Environmental and Social Impact Assessment and Environmental Management Plan with all negative impacts description and environmental impact mitigation measures; 6.) Preliminary arrangement with local authority concerning public awareness and hearings, if of otherwise provided by RA law.
As a result of preliminary examination the authorized body shall provide one from the following opinion/decisions: 1.) Concept document or activities is inadmissible – decision has been made taking into consideration requirements of RA legislation; 2.) Application could be returned to initiator with the purpose of completion, according to content of point 3 of Art 16; 3.) Application could be returned in case of trans-boundary context of concept document or activities; 4.) In case of classification A or B category, ToR should be developed and provided for further detailed examination; 5.) In case of C category classification final decision will be provided.
ToR should be developed in accordance to provision of this law If the application is uncompleted or contents are not fulfilling point 3, Art. 16, the authorized body returns the documents to the initiator for completion within five days. From the moment of returning, the
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preliminary examination process will be stopped until the submission of an amended version for project application. The Terms of Reference (Methodology) shall be developed in accordance with Article 7 (natural objects and characteristics of environmental impacts: Ambient air, soil, bio resources, etc.), as well as, with Article 18 (content and scope of ToR) of the Law. The ToR forms have to be approved by the authorized body. During the preliminary examination/ screening period (30 days) the initiator of an intended activity informs the competent state authorized body – RA MoNP – about upcoming activities. The first public hearing should be organized and provided by the initiator after the notification of affected public and stakeholders 7 days in advance. Within 30 days the competent authority shall notify the initiator of the final decision whether the EIA is required. The next step is the submission of the detailed documents required by the competent authority (based on ToR developed as a result of screening), which the latter immediately sends "to the heads of the province or the community, to the relevant state body and the affected community". The hearings, with the participation of the community leaders and the initiator, shall be finalized within 30 days. If more than one community is affected, the venue of public hearings shall be determined by the competent authority. Within 10 days of the preliminary examination period and an adopted one from listed in Art 16 decisions were taken. Within 30 days of the receipt of the expert conclusion, the authorized body is finalizing the decision to arrange the second round of expertise consultation. In accordance with Art 19, the time line to evaluate the detailed examination by the authorized body ranges from the: Concept Document (includes e.g. methodology) – 60 working days For A category – 60 working days For B category – 40 working days
For some cases the detailed examination period could be extended (limit is one extension and for half period for each category), based on written notification provided by the state authorized body. In case of a not completed package submission, 10 additional days for completion of ESIA package could be provided. Two public hearings shall be organized in the detailed examination period (minutes of meeting from community meeting shall be attached to the application) and stakeholders and affected communities opinions should be reflected in the final document. After the decision concerning the final conclusion from the authorized body, three public hearings shall be organized by the initiator with the purpose of providing final information on EIA process to affected community. MoNP developed and submitted to RA Government Draft of Decree “On Public Notification and Discussion” – it is not adopted yet. This document defines in detail the procedure for implementation of public hearings and responsibility of initiator, authorized body, expertise centre and local authorities. The Law on Preservation and Utilisation of Immovable Monuments of History and Culture and of the Historic Environment (adopted on the 11 November 1998) addresses the following: (i) the concept of monuments of history and culture, (ii) the procedure of their preservation and use, (iii) the classification of
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monuments, (iv) the rights and responsibilities of the state and the local self-government bodies with regard to preservation and use of monuments and (v) the procedure for the state registration of monuments. It provides a framework for preservation of monuments and the historic environment and supports the study of monuments and archaeological digs.
3.5.2. Documents to be submitted 1.) The initiator submits the documents on the intended activities subject to environmental impact assessment to the authorized body by established procedure. 2.) The documents and the list of data and its scope are established by the proposal of the authorized body to the government of the Republic of Armenia.
3.5.3. Administrative framework Ministry of Nature Protection of RoA The Ministry of Nature Protection elaborates and implements the policies of the Republic of Armenia in the areas of environmental protection and sustainable use of natural resources and is represented by the Minister and the staff of the Ministry. Within the system of the Ministry there are also State Non-Commercial Organizations and Institutions. The main functions of the Ministry of Nature Protection of RoA are listed below: 1.) Develop and coordinate implementation of the state policy and strategy on environmental protection and efficient use and reproduction of the natural resources; 2.) Develop the environmental regulations; 3.) Develop the economic instruments for efficient use and reproduction of environment and national resources; 4.) Facilitate fulfilment of international environmental commitments; 5.) Development of the main directions of environmental education and awareness raising strategy; 6.) Execute the state environmental monitoring; 7.) Carry out the investigation on the negative impact on the environment; 8.) Regulate and ensure sustainable use of natural resources.
The above mentioned functions of the Ministry are implemented through the following units: The key departments and organizations within the Ministry of Nature Protection (MNP) have administrative authority over the EIA.
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4. RELEVANT IMPACTS (MATRIX OF RELEVANCE)
The matrix of relevance presents the results of the preliminary investigation (screening, feasibility study). The axes of the table represent the entity of environmental and social issues of the project opposed to the impact factors resulting from the project. Thus the scope of investigation is defined by the relevant impacts and their potential interference with the asset. This model is commonly used for the identification of relevant impact factors within ESIA-procedures in Austria and Germany. (e.g. RVS 04.01.111). The following matrix represents the first step of the evaluation process. Here, the relevant impacts and indicators are defined. All relevant impact factors are addressed by an associated mitigation, compensation or monitoring measure. Aside from thresholds according to given decrees or laws to assess impacts on assets, in some cases a qualitative assessment will complement these proposals for evaluation. Aside from threshold according to given decrees or laws to assess impact on assets, in some cases a qualitative assessment will complement these proposals for evaluation. The following table gives an overview of the potential impacts.
1 RVS 04.01.11 - Environmental Examination, Austrian Research Association for Roads, Railroads and Transport, 2008).
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impact factors
Resettlement Land consumpt./clearance Emission of noise Emission of air pollutants (e.g for migrationBarriers of animals) Emissions water of waste of spatial structures Change Vibrations Erosion Labour and working conditions / Occupational Accidents health and safety issues assets sub topic indicator Emissions of odour
impacts of noise, vibrations, air X X X pollutants
impacts spread of diseases human health, well-being and impacts of odour safety Labour and working conditions X
impacts due to accidents (OHS issues) X business and economic activities human being X (livelihoods) economic landownership X impacts loss (damage) of structures X
social conflicts X X
social impacts residential area (project and host area)
loss of social services and infrastructures
impact on landscape and visual landscape and X resources landscape visual resources, recreation impacts on recreation
impacts on plants / habitats
impacts on habitats of animals Biodiversity fauna / flora impacts on protected areas impacts on migration corridors for
animals environmental and social issues impacts on mining resources
geology / soil impacts on soil geomorphology
impacts on brown fields
quantitative impact ground water qualitative impact X water quantitative impact surface water qualitative impact X
micro climatic impacts on the exchange of fresh and climatic situation cold air/reduction of closeness conditions macro climatic GHG emississions X situation religious impacts on churches, cemeteries cultural monuments heritage other monuments impacts on archeological sites (X) (X) Table 2: Relevance matrix revealing potential environmental assets
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4.1. Relevant Environmental and Social Assets
4.1.1. Asset Human Being
Human Health, Well-Being and Safety (OHS and Labour and Working Conditions) Community Impacts As it is indicated in the matrix of relevance only the impacts of noise and air pollution and vibration in the construction phase could have an influence on residential areas along the existing road system. On the one hand the traffic increases significantly due to road improvement works, the emissions of noise and air pollutions are likely increase and therefore need to be assessed. On the other hand vibrations and noise will also decrease due to improvement works along the roads (e.g. elimination of potholes). Regarding noise the increase of traffic may outweigh the benefits gained by the elimination of potholes. Vibration generally has a very local impact zone which will contribute to an improvement of the situation. Thus, these impact factors will be assessed. The potential emissions of noise and air pollutants in the operation phase are predicted on the basis of baseline data from traffic counts and the current condition of the road. The assessment of potential emissions from noise and air pollutants will be based on a standard working scheme for a construction site (e.g. data record sheet of construction vehicles). The description of the potentially affected areas is based on the existing data and site visits. Accidents currently play a major role, due to the lack of continuous pedestrian lanes and absent or very inhomogeneous street lighting, parallel to the road network. During the construction phase accidents could also be an issue and therefore need to be assessed and controlled as well as supervised. During operation phase the implemented road safety is connected to the risk of accidents. Furthermore, accidents could occur during works on the street light system. The likelihood of accidents and the safety among the construction sites among the identified roads could require the detailed assessment of Occupational Health and Safety (OHS) issues and community impacts. This approach also refers to the requirement of Labour and Working Conditions (PR 2) which are connected to the refurbishments also.
Economic Impacts (Businesses and Employment), Land Acquisition and Resettlement Due to a relatively short construction time (especially within the roads envisaged to be overlaid / resurfaced only) and spatially limited construction sites (refer to chapter 2), the accessibility of neighbouring roadsides is unlikely to be restricted. As the footway and the carriageway are not refurbished at the same time, accessibility will be guaranteed by the construction of access aids. Moreover, the construction sites are limited to the length of one block (blockwise sections), which gives the opportunity to reach the respective location from the side roads: Within the baseline for each road potential side roads which guarantee access are described. It has to be considered that the roads with significant businesses like the Garegin Nijdeh Avenue, the Yerevanian Highway, Vazgen Sargsyan Street and Tigran Mets Avenue are resurfaced only and this process is finished within at least 1-2 weeks. Within the mentioned roads, the refurbishments are conducted lane- by-lane and traffic flow will be not interrupted. In the long run, the better road system will foster economic development (e.g. better accessibility to shops).
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Private landowners will be not affected during the construction phase (e.g. storage of construction material on private property). Land is not envisaged to be consumed due to widening for the construction of new roads. Construction works stay within the existing right of way, except for one link road which is situated on land which is belonging to the Municipality of Gyumri. Thus no labour camps, storage or other temporary uses are envisaged to be located on private land. No structures have to be relocated for the rehabilitation of roads. Therefore the potential impact of resettlement and livelihood restoration does not have to be considered in the follow-up process. Therefore, neither a Livelihood Restoration Planning (LRF) nor a Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) is required.
4.1.2. Social Impacts
Positive social impacts could be relevant: E.g. if the reconstruction of roads improves the accessibility of public services. Moreover, road improvements including the street lighting are connected with enhanced safety with has also a positive social impact. This positive effect is especially relevant for the safety of women. Some roads could be used by busses due to the poor situation of the road. Therefore, the reconstruction and the potential enlargement of bus lanes could have a positive impact for public transportation (Gyumri’s Municipality takes into consideration to improve the bus system and establish bus lines also in the secondary road system). The establishment of working camps is not necessary for the planned types of construction works. Therefore the potential impact of management of worker camps can be excluded. Therefore social impacts are limited to temporary impacts on existing infrastructure and public services.
4.1.3. Asset Landscape
Road side trees are not envisaged to be cleared during construction phase. Nevertheless, the trees can be affected due to construction works by the machinery. Generally, it is envisaged to plant additional trees were it is possible. Gyumri’s roads footways are partially very broad and offer enough space for the plantation of additional road side trees. This approach will not change the landscape resp. townscape within the city. The alleys have been identified during field works.
4.1.4. Asset Biodiversity
The potentially affected alley trees are already considered among the asset “landscape”. Within the urban context, no vegetation types or faunistic habitats deserving protection are to be expected. Endangered species of IUCN red list can be excluded.
4.1.5. Asset Soil
Natural Soils are not affected by the project, as the road improvement works are either limited to the existing road cross sections or a widening affects soils that have severe previous impacts (e.g. compression, emission of air pollutants). The majority of the project area is already sealed by asphalt layers. Where soil is not covered it can be assumed soil life is inactive at the roadside due to compression. Within the actions of road improvements it is not expected that natural ground is newly affected. Land respective soil consumption is limited to waste lands where old construction material was spontaneously dumped (Link road from Ani 11th street to Mush II). Disposal of these materials will be incorporated within the EMP.
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4.1.6. Asset Water
Surface Water and groundwater could be potentially affected during construction works.
4.1.7. Asset Climatic Conditions
The potential clearance of road side trees could increase closeness and could decrease shade with negative bioclimatic effects.
4.1.8. Asset GHG Emissions
The improvements in CO2 emissions as a result of improved motor technology and additional load of traffic attracted by the refurbished roads offset each other and are therefore negligible.
4.1.9. Cultural Heritage
Cultural Heritage is always situated outside the right of way. The discovery of cultural heritage during the construction within roads envisaged for full replacement cannot be fully excluded. Measures are to be taken into account.
4.1.10. Other Impacts
Sourcing of Aggregates The sourcing of aggregates could spoil water quality. Moreover inappropriate storm water drainage can spoil water quality in case it is mixed with contaminated water from the construction sites.
Disposal and Management of Waste Waste and construction material could spoil water quality and the fertility of soils. Further downstream, potentially spoiled water can endanger the drinking water supply. The relevant disposal should also be regarding the old street lights, mainly sodium-vapor bulbs. These can be deposited on the existing landfill sites.
Three general types of waste can be distinguished: Construction waste (asphalt rubble or granulate) Old light bulbs (sodium-vapor bulbs) Construction waste and deposits at new Ani-Mush II link road.
Other Risks Other potential risks are connected with rehabilitation works and gas or electricity networks. Before starting construction works the existing facilities are identified to prevent any unanticipated danger. This working condition is described within the road improvement framework and should be considered in the contracts with the construction companies. Therefore this potential impact is not project specific and does not have to be considered within every road.
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5. BASELINE
5.1. Delineation of project area
The delineation of the project area is referring to the final ascertainment of the selected road improvement works. Please refer to the map (Figure 3: Map of short-listed roads – Delineation of project area)
5.1.1. New Roads
If the reserve list roads will be implemented, a construction of a new road will be situated between the Ani and Mush II district. Thi
5.1.2. Existing Roads
All other refurbishments are projected to stay within the boundaries of right of way. Additional land consumption is therefore not planned. The impact would be mainly temporary during the construction period. For each road a short survey of existing situation is part of the road specific baseline (chapter 0).
5.1.3. Reserve List
The technical planning has grouped the roads together into suggested possible construction lots (refer to FS). These have been discussed and provisionally agreed in principle with the municipality and ordered in terms of priority. The Tigran Mets Avenue and the Ani 11th Street including the link road to Mush II are of the lowest priority. Referring to the delineation of the project area, if the reserve list is excluded, the refurbishments are projected only on existing roads.
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Figure 3: Map of short-listed roads – Delineation of project area. “R” indicates a reserve list road.
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5.2. Background Information
Air quality and Noise Gyumri, according to assessments of independent experts and civil society organisations, is the third most polluted city in Armenia, after Hrazdan and Ararat. Both of these towns have cement producing plants in their administrative areas, while there are no environment polluting enterprises in Gyumri. The main reasons for the air pollution are the dilapidated streets raising clouds of dust when the lightest wind occurs. In 1999, an observatory was established in Gyumri, which monitors dust incidences in the city. According to the information of the observatory, the emergence of polluting factors in Gyumri includes dust (0.4 mg/m³), sulphur di-oxides (0.05), nitrogen di-oxide (0.03), and hydrogen oxide (1.5). All values represent the annual average and are given in µg/m3. Among the most worrying phenomena in terms of air pollution is dust, which exceeds 2.6 times over than the threshold concentration, while the density of sulphur di-oxides and nitrogen di-oxide are 0.5 times above the designated WHO regulations. In addition to the aforementioned paragraph, one of the main observations during the field visit was the frequent occurrence of dust emissions. Traffic on unpaved roads is raising dust. Road improvements are expected to improve the situation of dust emissions and to diminish the city’s problem with dust observations above international standards.
Seismic risk Gyumri is located in an 8-9 degree seismic active zone, and in the twentieth century the city suffered many losses as a result of the 1926 and 1988 earthquakes. Gyumri area is situated in a seismically active zone. Since the hazard has been considerably underestimated, the seismic resistance of buildings and structures is well below the level required for this high magnitude of seismic risk. The absence of state policy in the field of seismic risk reduction led to the disaster in Spitak in 1988.
Settlements The spatial distribution of Gyumri’s population initially was characterized by historical evolution of the former districts. After the Spitak earthquake of 1988, which damaged a big part of the historic district of Gyumri, the authorities decided to create new residence areas in the northern areas of the community, which are considered to be geologically more reliable and earthquake resistant.
Housing problems The most important housing problem in Gyumri is the number of families living in temporary dwellings and the number of homeless families. There are still people living in temporary dwellings (domiks) since the Spitak earthquake in 1988. The housing stock of Gyumri consists of multi-apartment residential buildings
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Population The development of the population decreased after the earthquake of 1988. The highest number of inhabitants recorded was 222,000. After a slight recovery of the population at the end of the century, the number of inhabitants is now approx. 122,000. The census operated by the State identified a declining trend due to migration to foreignFigure countries 1. Evolution or Yerevan of forthe economic population reasons. (1830 -2011) (number)
Earthquake 1988
Figure 4: Development of the population (1830 - 2011). Source: Municipality of Gyumri and ADB-report on city Source: Municipality of Gyumri development 2014
5.3. Road Specific Environmental and Social Baseline
For current project stage the road specific environmental and social baseline addresses the prioritized list of the 19.11.2014 of roads agreed with the Municipality of Gyumri. The following 10 tables for the 10 prioritized roads provide an overview of environmental and social issues for each selected road. The tables are based on the result of the undertaken visual survey in order to identify the potentially affected environmental and social assets. Within the ESIA, the lists will be extended by the respective impact description and mitigation measures in consideration of the projected technical project (rehabilitation works).
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5.3.1. Yerevanian Highway
Municipality of Gyumri European Bank for Reconstruction and
Development
General Information Road Name Yerevanian Highway Number 1. Type of Enhancement / Overlay existing road to increase asphalt thickness and resurface. Reinstate footway along part envisaged project of one side, locally repair drainage Length 3,900 m
Images
Broad road section, road fissures, asphalt bumpiness, junction Broad road section, roadside poplar trees with Komitas street.
Junction with Teryan street close-by Broad road section, multi-storey buildings with businesses behind the trees.
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Yerevanyan Highway 3.9 km
Baseline Alleys Alley trees on each side Business 4x Petrol stations, 2x Gas stations, 10 x Shops, 1x Beauty parlour, Chemists, Dentist, Beer Factory, Car repair, several Offices
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Sensitive and cultural places Electrical substation, Social Gyumri, School “No.28 Kh. Dashtents”, Railway storage Historical Buildings None Type of Buildings Post-soviet and soviet building (multi-storied), industrial and commercial building (single- storied) Condition of road Recently resurfaced paved road, but the road undulates and dips suggesting significant structural problems under the new surface course. Public service, drainage and Narrow parallel road, footway in most parts, lighting lighting Public safety Footways in good condition. No street lighting after 3 am Figure 5: Baseline of Yerevanian Highway
5.3.2. Garegin Njdeh Street
Municipality of Gyumri European Bank for Reconstruction and
Development
General Information Road Name Garegin Njdeh Street Number 2. Type of Enhancement / Overlay existing road to increase asphalt thickness and resurface. Reinstate footway along one envisaged project side, locally repair drainage Length 1,480 m
Images
Independence Square Skeleton buildings
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Partly damaged buildings from the earthquake Occupied flats in damaged buildings revealing poverty issues
Ongoing construction works Pedestrian lanes
Garegin Njdeh Street, Length 1.5 km
Baseline Alleys Roadside trees within the footway Business Shops “Voske Tsilk”, Restaurant “QS”, Café, Hotel, Kiosks, Industry, Car repairs Sensitive and cultural places Office of ARP (Political), School “Secondary School No.2”, Police department, Park, Electrical substation, Children’s hospital (close-by), Court (close-by)
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Historical Buildings Governmental building Type of Buildings Post-soviet and soviet buildings (multi-storied) Condition of road Recently surfaced but road undulates and dips, Structural problems under the new surface course Public service, drainage and Pedestrian lanes available, lighting, drainage lighting Public safety Pedestrian is good condition, No street lighting after 2 am Figure 6: Baseline of Garegin Njdeh Street
5.3.3. Vazgen Sargsyan Street
Municipality of Gyumri European Bank for Reconstruction and
Development
General Information Road Name Vazgen Sargsyan Street Number 3. Type of Enhancement / Overlay existing road to increase asphalt thickness and resurface. Reinstate footway along one envisaged project side, locally repair drainage Length 2,100 m
Images
Paved carriageway with bumpiness
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Vazgen Sargsyan Street 2,1 km
Baseline
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Alleys No Business Storage, 3 x Car repairs, kiosk, 10 x shops, Restaurant with wedding hall, Chemists Sensitive and cultural places Kindergarten, Military, abandoned/collapsed pre-damaged buildings, School, “No.19”, Hydro Meteorological Centre, Geophysical Institute Historical Buildings No Type of Buildings Mixed buildings Condition of road Carriageway in poor condition Public service, drainage and Partly pedestrian lanes, partly lighting lighting Public safety Pedestrian lanes in poor condition, No street lighting after 2 am Figure 7: Baseline of Vazgen Sargsyan Street
5.3.4. Shara Talayan Street
Municipality of Gyumri European Bank for Reconstruction and
Development
General Information Road Name Shara Talayan Street Number 4. Type of Enhancement / Full-depth reconstruction of carriageway, reinstate of footway and drainage envisaged project Length 600 m
Images
Partly paved Potholes and puddles, missing carriageway, missing pedestrian lanes, missing streetlighting
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Shara Talayan Street, Length 0.6 km
Baseline Alleys None Business Offices Sensitive and cultural places Abandoned/collapsed buildings from the earthquake Historical Buildings Industrial buildings Type of Buildings Mixed Condition of road Very bad, big potholes and water puddles Public service, drainage and No footways available, no lighting, no drainage lighting Public safety No footway, lacking street lights Figure 8: Baseline of Shara Talayan Street
5.3.5. Rustaveli street
Municipality of Gyumri European Bank for Reconstruction and
Development
General Information Road Name Rustaveli street Number 5. Type of Enhancement / New full depth road construction, reinstate footway along one side, install / repair highway envisaged project drainage Length 1,490 m Images
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Unpaved carriageway, water and dirt Rustaveli with 19th century buildings
Abandoned/collapsed buidling poorly refurbished after the Church in Rustaveli street / at the angle of Abovyan street earthquake “Surp Nshen Church”
Rustaveli street, Length 1.5 km
Baseline Alleys Scattered roadside trees Business Shop, Entertainment facilities (angle with Sayat Nova Ave.) Sensitive and cultural places Church Historical Buildings 19th century buildings, many of the buildings are damaged by earthquake
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Type of Buildings Mostly single storey, some two-storied Buildings Condition of road Bad, puddles and potholes, mostly unpaved, partly old cobblestones Public service, drainage and Partially pedestrian lanes (self-made by house owners), almost no lighting, no drainage lighting
Public safety Pedestrian lanes in poor condition, no light after 12 pm Figure 9: Baseline of Rustaveli Street
5.3.6. Mazmanyan street
Municipality of Gyumri European Bank for Reconstruction and
Development
General Information Road Name Mazmanyan street Number 6. Type of Enhancement / new full depth road construction, reinstate footway along one side, install / repair highway envisaged project drainage Length 2,500 m
Images
Unpaved carriageway, dirt road, Chalked roadside trees Partly paved with 19th century buildings in Mazmanyan street
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Self-made pedestrain area Roadside trees without lanes
Mazmanya street, Length 2.5 km
Baseline Alleys Roadside trees Business None Sensitive and cultural places Electrical Substation Historical Buildings 19th century buildings, many of the buildings are previously damaged by earthquake Type of Buildings Mostly single storey, some two-storied buildings Condition of road Bad, puddles and potholes, mostly unpaved, partly old cobblestones Public service, drainage and Partially pedestrian lanes (self-made by house owners), almost no lighting, no drainage lighting Public safety Pedestrian lanes in poor condition, no light after 12 pm Figure 10: Baseline of Mazmanyan Street
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5.3.7. Komitas street
Municipality of Gyumri European Bank for Reconstruction and
Development
General Information Road Name Komitas street Number 7. Type of Enhancement / New full depth road construction, reinstate footway along one side, install / repair highway envisaged project drainage Length 900 m
Images
Mud and dirt conditions, very patchy and locally repaired Mud and dirt conditions, partly paved.
19th century buildings Potholes and puddles, few roadside trees, missing pedestrian lanes
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Komitas Street 0,9 km
Baseline Alleys Limited roadside trees Business 3x Shops, Car repair, Restaurant “Andranik” Sensitive and cultural places Scientific “Hydro Meteorological Centre”, Dormitories Historical Buildings No Type of Buildings 19th century buildings, mostly single-storied Condition of road Old cobblestone cover, Mud and dirt, potholes and puddles Public service, drainage and No pedestrian lanes, partly lighting lighting Public safety No Pedestrian lanes, no light after 12 pm
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Figure 11: Baseline of Komitas Street
5.3.8. Gertsen Street
Municipality of Gyumri European Bank for Reconstruction and
Development
General Information Road Name Gertsen Street Number 8. Type of Enhancement / New full depth road construction, reinstate footway along one side, install / repair highway envisaged project drainage Length 900 m
Images
Two-storied buildings in Gertsen street Mud and dirt conditions
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Gertsen Street 0.9 km
Baseline Alleys None Business Restaurant Sensitive and cultural places None Historical Buildings Domiks, industrial buildings Type of Buildings Mostly single storey Condition road Mud and dirt (potholes and puddles) Public service, drainage and No pedestrian lanes, partly lighting lighting Public safety No pedestrian lanes, no light after 12 pm Figure 12: Baseline of Gertsen Street
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5.3.9. Ani Streets – Mush II link road
Municipality of Gyumri European Bank for Reconstruction and
Development
General Information Road Name Ani Streets Number 9. Type of Enhancement / new full depth road construction, reinstate footway along one side, install / repair highway envisaged project drainage Length 880 m
Images
Partly unpaved, badly damaged road Multi storey buildings in Ani district
Similar conditions among each road named by roman numerals
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Ani streets, III, (955 m), V (958), VII (882), IX (955 m), XI (956), all approx. 4.8 km
Baseline Alleys Trees along the roadside, mostly within the pedestrian lanes Business 7th street: Shop, Café “Tet a Tet”, Kiosk (P. Sevak street), Office “Voskedar LLC” Sensitive and cultural places 7th street: Church, school “Tiramayr Hayastan” Historical Buildings None Type of Buildings Mixed residential buildings, administrative buildings (all multi-storey) Condition road Bad, potholes, unpaved Public service, drainage and Pedestrian lanes available, lighting poor, drainage poor lighting Public safety Pedestrian lanes in medium condition, no light after 12 pm
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Municipality of Gyumri European Bank for Reconstruction and
Development
General Information Road Name Mush II - Ani Link Road Number 9. (reserve list) Type of Enhancement / New road envisaged project Length 480 m (Gyumri–Vahramabe Road connection to Ani 11th street)
Images
unpaved conditions of the dirt road (Background multi storey Multi-storey buildings of Ani. Wasteland, uncultivated land buildings of Ani district). with uncontrolled dumping in the foreground.
Spontaneous dumping at the road side. View of buildings of Mush II.
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Mush II - Ani Link Road 0.48 km
Baseline Alleys None Business None Sensitive and cultural places None Environmental assets No water protected area, no nature protection area, no natural soil, mainly residuals from construction activity. The waste which is present in the area is not contaminated. Land uses from third parties were not observed Landownership Municipality of Gyumri Historical Buildings None Type of Buildings None Condition of road unpaved Public service, drainage and No pedestrian lanes, no lighting lighting Public safety No pedestrian lanes, no lighting
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Figure 13: Baseline of Ani Streets / Ani-Mush II Link Road
5.3.10. Tigran Mets Avenue
Municipality of Gyumri European Bank for Reconstruction and
Development
General Information Road Name Tigran Mets Avenue Number 10. (reserve list) Type of Enhancement / Overlay existing road to increase asphalt thickness and resurface. Reinstate footway along one envisaged project side, locally repair drainage Length 1,042 m
Images
Paved carriageway, fissures cause bumpiness Broad cross section, street lighting. In the background the university “Progress university”
Older roadside tree within the pedestrian lane School buildings in Tigran Mets Avenue
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Tigran Mets, Length 1.0 km
Baseline Alleys Roadside trees within pedestrian lanes Business Bank, shops (>10) thereunder pharmacy, restaurants, market at railway station square, railway station Sensitive and cultural places University “Progress university”, schools, dancing school, administrative buildings Historical Buildings Post-soviet and soviet buildings Type of Buildings Mostly two-storied buildings Condition of road Acceptable, bumpy carriageway due to pavement fissures Public service, drainage and Pedestrian lanes available, lighting, drainage lighting Public safety Pedestrian lanes in good condition, No street light after 2 am Figure 14: Baseline of Tigran Mets Avenue
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6. IMPACT ASSESSMENT
6.1. Noise
Increased noise levels can be distracting and irritating. The high noise levels could adversely affect human activity. A sound may be considered as noise pollution, if it disturbs any natural process or causes humans harm, even if the sound does not occur on a regular basis. Construction phase Temporary high noise levels will occur during the construction activities for the construction works. The duration varies related to the envisaged refurbishment works. The noise emissions for the resurfaced roads amount to 3-4 weeks, whereas the noise emissions amounts to 2-5 months for the roads envisaged for a full replacement. However, these noise levels only occur at specific times or during various construction processes. The transport of materials for the construction of the access roads can also emit noise. The typical noise levels associated with the various construction activities and equipment are presented in table below.
CLEARING (dB(A)) STRUCTURE CONSTRUCTION (dB(A)) Bulldozer 80 Crane 75-77 Front end loader 72-84 Welding generator 71-82 Jack hammer 81-98 Concrete mixer 74-88 Crane with ball 75-87 Concrete pump 81-84 Concrete vibrator 76 EXCAVATION & EARTH MOVING Air compressor 74-87 Bulldozer 80 Pneumatic tools 81-98 Backhoe 72-93 Bulldozer 80 Front end loader 72-84 Cement and dump trucks 83-94 Dump truck 83-94 Front end loader 72-84 Jack hammer 81-98 Dump truck 83-94 Scraper 80-93 Paver 86-88 GRADING AND COMPACTING LANDSCAPING AND CLEAN-UP Grader 80-93 Bulldozer 80 Roller 73-75 Backhoe 72-93 Truck 83-94 PAVING Front end loader 72-84 Paver 86-88 Dump truck 83-94 Truck 83-94 Paver 86-88 Tamper 74-77 Dump truck 83-94 Table 3: Typical Noise Levels of Principal Construction Equipment
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Operation phase The traffic volumes will change due to better road conditions. It has also to be assumed that traffic is attracted. The traffic increase is estimated to about 30 % of traffic increase in the year 2020. This traffic volume increase has to be checked if it causes elevated noise levels within the mentioned city roads of Gyumri. The following traffic values derived from the traffic counting conducted in the framework of the FS compares the year 2014 (as the status quo) with the year 2020. This timeframe covers the time after the project implementation when driving habits will have adapted to the refurbished road network of Gyumri (refer to chapter 2.1). The red text indicates reserve list streets.
2014
Distance Daily Heavy of Average NR NAME TYPE LANES SPEED Traffic Buildings Traffic 40 Yerevan Highway main 2 70 km/h 15 m 10.755 6,6% 51 Garegin Njdeh Avenue main 2 50 km/h 10 m 16.307 1,2% 24 Vazgen Sargsyan Str. main 2 50 km/h 10 m 12.904 1,9% 999 Shara Talyan Street residence 2 50 km/h 5 m 1.403 1,4% 20 Rustaveli Str. residence 2 50 km/h 5 m 2.745 1,0% 127 Mazmanyan Str. residence 2 50 km/h 5 m 3.723 2,1% 28 Komitas Str. residence 2 50 km/h 5 m 2.689 6,6% 60 Gertsen Str. residence 2 50 km/h 5 m 2.781 2,7% 84 11th Ani Mush II residence 2 50 km/h 5 m 2.909 2,7% 29 Tigran Mets Ave. main 2 50 km/h 10 m 10.759 0,4% Table 4: Daily average traffic of short-listed roads, Year 2014
2020
Distance Daily Heavy of Average NR NAME TYPE LANES SPEED Traffic Buildings Traffic 40 Yerevan Highway main 2 70 km/h 15 m 14.368 7,6% 51 Garegin Njdeh Avenue main 2 50 km/h 10 m 21.554 1,4% 24 Vazgen Sargsyan Str. main 2 50 km/h 10 m 17.046 2,1% 999 Shara Talyan Street residence 2 50 km/h 5 m 1.843 1,7% 20 Rustaveli Str. residence 2 50 km/h 5 m 3.615 1,2% 127 Mazmanyan Str. residence 2 50 km/h 5 m 4.898 2,6% 28 Komitas Str. residence 2 50 km/h 5 m 3.592 7,6% 60 Gertsen Str. residence 2 50 km/h 5 m 3.692 3,0% 84 11th Ani Mush II residence 2 50 km/h 5 m 3.870 3,0% 29 Tigran Mets Ave. main 2 50 km/h 10 m 14.549 0,4% Table 5: Daily average traffic of short listed roads, Year 2020
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It is estimated that traffic values increase approx. by 30 % compared to the status quo. Concerning the traffic mix of the vehicles it is estimated that heavy traffic increases only by approx. 15 %. The majority of vehicles will be private cars. For detailed information of traffic data, refer to FS (Annex). By feeding the features of the access road into the model “Austrian Road Noise Calculator” the following described noise levels are predicted. The model was developed by the University of the City of Graz and the Austrian Federal Ministry of Environment and Forestry. It generates estimated values concerning the expected noise values within a certain distance from a noise emitting source like a road for day and night. Different parameters (velocity of vehicles, distance to houses, absorbing components in-between, traffic mix, window conditions, etc.) can be adjusted in the model. The noise evaluations have been conducted for each street for day and night. Hereafter shown is the example of Shara Talayan Street concerning its day values of 2014 compared with the noise prediction of the year 2020.
Example of status quo: Shara Talayan Street 2014, day noise values.
Figure 15: Noise estimation status quo, Example day value of Shara Talayan Street 2014. [Source: http://www.laerminfo.at/situation/laermrechner.html]
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Figure 16: Noise predictions. Example of Shara Talayan Street 2020. [Source: http://www.laerminfo.at/situation/laermrechner.html]
According to the estimations, WHO thresholds are already exceeded during day and night within the values of the status quo for 2014 and within the noise predictions of 2020. The WHO states a maximum noise level of 55 dB(A) during daytime and a maximum of 45 dB (A) at night time for housing areas. Both threshold values are to be measured outside at the facade. The only street which would comply with the WHO threshold is Shara Talayan street during night time in 2014 (refer to table below). However, the increase of noise is not exceeding 3 dB(A). Concerning the German traffic noise regulation (16..Bundes-Immissionschutzverordnung BlmSchV) and in accordance with EU-regulation Environmental Noise 2002, a significant and therefore relevant modification of noise level is given if the increase is more than 3 dB(A). Referring to the table below only the predicted night value of Shara Talayan Street with 6 dB(A) increase is exceeding the range of tolerance. The higher increase of noise levels at night is related to the relatively low present values. In case of refurbishment relatively more vehicles would pass through Shara Talayan Street. However, it has to be noted that Shara Talayan Street has no residential houses. Therefore, the significant increase of night noise levels can be neglected. Generally, it can be noted, that due to projected better road conditions without potholes or damaged cobblestones the noise levels will not change significantly. This takes into consideration that traffic values are increased; there will be an increase of heavy traffic, a higher possible speed and an enhanced carriageway condition.
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As a result of the assessment of the asset noise, it can be stated that additional measures for noise nuisance mitigation (as barrier walls, sound-proof windows) are not required by the project related impacts. L od = Noise level outside (building) day L on= Noise level outside (building) night
Increase Increase Lod Lod Lon Lon Nr Street name Day Night (dB(A)) (dB(A)) (dB(A)) (dB(A)) (dB(A)) (dB(A)) 2014 2020 6 years 2014 2020 6 years
40 Yerevan Highway 66 67 1 58 59 1 51 Garegin Njdeh Avenue 66 66 0 58 58 0 24 Vazgen Sargsyan Str. 64 65 1 56 57 1 999 Shara Talyan Street 56 59 3 45 51 6 20 Rustaveli Str. 60 62 2 52 54 2 127 Mazmanyan Str. 61 62 1 52 54 2 28 Komitas Str. 61 62 1 53 53 0 60 Gertsen Str. 60 62 2 52 54 2 84 11th Ani Mush II 61 61 0 52 53 1 29 Tigran Mets Ave. 64 66 2 57 58 1 Table 6: Noise status quo (2014) and noise prediction (2020) for each street for which refurbishment is planned
6.2. Air Pollution
Construction phase The earthmoving and compaction activities are likely to generate dust. The emission of dust is especially relevant close to residential or sensitive areas. Also the transport of granulate and construction rubble can generate dust. The dust emissions are temporary.
Operation phase
Ambient levels of pollution concerning PM10 already exceed the given thresholds by far. The threshold 3 3 given by the WHO is 70 µg/m whereas Gyumri has a preload for PM10 of 400 µg/m . The measured preload values for SO2 and NO2 comply with the model values for polluted Asian cities with high preloads. SO2 is 3 3 established with a preload value of 50 µg/m and NO2 with a preload of 70 µg/m . All given values are annual averages.
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Considering the projected traffic volumes of 2020 and a percentage of heavy traffic of the year 2020 the predicted values for air pollutants at the respective sites are as follows. The air pollution of the predicted traffic values is compared with the status quo of the year 2014. The evaluation of the air quality follows existing guidelines (WHO guideline on air quality). Air quality and pollution projections are based on approved dispersal models (MLuS, Guideline for Air Pollution along Roads, Germany, 2012).
3 Value in µg/m PM 10 SO2 NO2
Preload Gyumri 400 50 30
Thresholds 70 53 40 NR Name 2014 2020 Dif 2014 2020 Dif 2014 2020 Dif 40 Yerevan Highway 2,46 1,11 -1,34 0,01 0,02 0,01 6,45 7,86 1,41 Garegin Njdeh 3,00 1,33 -1,67 0,02 0,03 0,01 6,26 7,78 1,52 51 Avenue Vazgen Sargsyan 2,49 1,10 -1,39 0,02 0,02 0 5,43 6,65 1,22 24 Str. 29 Tigran Mets Ave. 1,86 0,84 -1,02 0,01 0,02 0,01 3,65 4,67 1,02 *1 Not assessable *1 SharaTalayan Str., Rustaveli Str., Mazmanyan Str., Komitas Str., Gertsen Str., th 2 11 Ani + Mush II Link (< 5.000 d.a.t.) * *2 due to low overall traffic load and low heavy traffic ratio the increase of traffic will not significantly increase immission values Table 7: Noise status quo (2014) and noise prediction (2020) for each street foreseen for refurbishment.
It has to be noted that only the primary roads can be assessed by the model MLus. For all secondary streets the overall traffic load and the heavy traffic ratio are too low. Thus, the increase of traffic will not significantly increase emission values.
As a result, the increase of air pollution is rather limited compared to the preload. For PM10, there will be a decrease due to enhanced road conditions where less PM10 is emitted, which can be regarded as a positive impact of the project. This non-exhaust emission will be reduced along with the road rehabilitation. All additional loads of air pollutants stay below the given thresholds for the roads envisaged for resurfacing. Additional loads respecting the threshold value are commonly regarded as acceptable. Therefore mitigation measures like speed limitations are not considered necessary.
6.3. Road specific Impact Assessment of other Impact Factors
The impact assessment of the environmental assets accidents including vibration, Occupational Health and Safety and labour and working conditions, safety, accessibility, economic displacement, sensitive locations, damage of structure and loss of trees, social effects, visual impacts, ground and surface water, cultural heritage and waste is performed road wise hereafter. Nevertheless, all relevant assets are described for the road including noise, air pollution. Significant impacts marked in red. Improvements or benefits are marked in green.
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6.4. Roads Envisaged for Resurfacing
6.4.1. Yerevanian Highway
Receptor / Sensitivity Measures / Impact Evaluation of Description / Likelihood of Duration / Level remaining Factor significance occurrence impact
Construction workers are exposed quasi permanently (significant)
Noise The resurfacing (milling Human being Lane-by-lane (1-2 weeks) The noise emissions Ear protection off the former asphalt Medium-high and footway construction are limited to a (PPE) for layer) holds typical sensitivity (residential (1-2 weeks) period for certain period. For construction noise levels of principal and commercial residents short (in total residents in a rather workers construction. areas) depending on approx. 3-4 weeks) short time period noise level emitted Equipment ranges (insignificant). and time between 75 – 80 dB (A) (peaks values) Likely occurrence Construction workers Overall construction are exposed period construction permanently workers (2.5 years) (significant)
Air Earthmoving, Human being Construction period, for The generation of Sprinkling on pollution asphalting and High sensitivity residents (3-4 weeks) dust is temporary and haul roads compaction activities residential areas Overall construction periodically during Trucks should generate dust period for construction dry weather have canvas Likely occurrence workers (2.5 years) conditions. For cover residents nuisance period is rather short. (Insignificant)
Construction workers (significant) Vibration The refurbishment Human being Construction period, for insignificant / construction (milling off Low sensitivity residents (3-4 weeks) the asphalt layer) does No vibration sensitive not cause significant areas roadside vibrations Unlikely occurrence (utilities) Accidents Construction works an Human being Construction period, for Significant Implementatio / OHS / Electrical works can be Very high sensitivity residents (3-4 weeks) (electrical and n of safety labour accompanied by for residents as Overall construction construction works) measures and and accidents. Occupational pedestrians, drivers period workers (2.5 OHS working Health and Safety can of vehicles and years) measures. conditions be conducted construction workers Working / inadequately Likely occurrence equipment. Supervision and control Access- Construction of access Human being Construction period of Significant Construction ibility aids or bridges Very high sensitivity footway (1-2 weeks) (footway of access aids for residents as reconstruction) pedestrians, drivers of vehicles and construction workers Likely occurrence
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Receptor / Sensitivity Measures / Impact Evaluation of Description / Likelihood of Duration / Level remaining Factor significance occurrence impact Economic Accessibility to roadside Human being Footway or road Insignificant / displace- business is guaranteed Medium sensitivity reconstruction period ment 24 h /7 days. Some (reserves for (approx. 1-2 weeks) businesses need to stay contingencies to be accessible by vehicles. considered) Access aids for Unlikely occurrence pedestrians are (economic required in case of disadvantage) footway works. It has to
be noted that a parallel small road can be used for access (in parts). Sensitive “School No.28 Kh. Human being Construction periods in Significant (safety Traffic locations Dashtents”. Very high sensitivity front of a building only, noise will not be guarding for and for sensitive relatively short for an issue within the students cultural locations like schools overlaying (3-4 weeks) short time frame) during works place in close-by Likely occurrence area of the school. Damage Structures (e.g. Technical obstacles Construction period in Significant Fencing of of pipelines, electricity High sensitivity front of one block endangered structures boxes, substations) (technical obstacles and / alleys or have to be protected by infrastructure supply) roadside trees trees fences. Likely occurrence And replacing Trees should be Plants potentially protected by fences. affected trees High sensitivity (townscape and climatically effects) Likely occurrence Social Footways are not Human being Construction period in Insignificant / effects usable. Disturbance of Low sensitivity front of one block last for (either footway or daily life activities Unlikely occurrence 1-2 weeks (2 times road or side roads are including the footway usable) reconstruction) Visual Construction works Landscape/Townscap Construction period in Insignificant / impacts disturbs townscape e/Scenery front of one block last for (land- Low sensitivity 3-4 weeks scape) Unlikely occurrence Ground Construction works Groundwater Overall construction Significant Proper water endanger ground water High sensitivity period (2.5 years) (oil spills handling of (oil spills, sourcing of Likely occurrence sourcing of aggregate, hazardous aggregates, drainage) materials inappropriate storm water drainage). Cultural Unexpected discovery Cultural heritage Overall construction Significant Preparedness heritage High sensitivity period (2.5 years) / Rapid Unlikely occurrence assessment Waste Construction waste Human being Overall construction Significant Proper (Granulate, Light bulbs) High sensitivity period (2.5 years) disposal of Likely occurrence hazardous (waste generation) waste
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Receptor / Sensitivity Measures / Impact Evaluation of Description / Likelihood of Duration / Level remaining Factor significance occurrence impact
Operation Phase
Noise Increase of 1 dB(A) day Human being Operational life of road, Insignificant / and night (until 2020), High sensitivity Forecast horizon 5 years (indicator remains better road condition (residential areas) + 1 dB (A) day/ night below defined evens out higher traffic (depending on noise threshold value) values in 2020 level emitted and time) Likely occurrence
Air Decrease PM10 (-1,34 Human being Operational life of road, Insignificant / 3 pollution µg/m ) in future 5 years High sensitivity Forecast horizon 5 years (indicator remains Increase SO2 (0,01 residential areas below defined µg/m3) in future 5 years threshold value) Likely occurrence Increase NO2 (1,41 µg/m3) in future 5 years Vibration Buildings 15 m from Human being Operational life of road, Insignificant / road axis, Low sensitivity (buildings out of area Improvements due to Unlikely occurrence of influence) elimination of asphalt fissures Safety Continuous lighting Human being Operational life of road, Significant Negotiations during the night High sensitivity for with women Municipality Unlikely occurrence about (threat) extension of lighting times Accidents Improving due to Human being Operational life of road, Improvement / lighting, rehabilitated Very high sensitivity (road safety carriageway (project- for residents as improvements as a amelioration), traffic pedestrians, drivers project-amelioration) lights of vehicles and construction workers Likely occurrence Economic Improving due to better Human being Operational life of road, Improvement / displace- accessibility and road Medium sensitivity (road safety ment conditions Likely occurrence improvements as a (improved access) project-amelioration)
Sensitive Improving due to better Human being Operational life of road, Improvement / locations accessibility, safety and High sensitivity (road safety road conditions Likely occurrence improvements as a (project-amelioration) (improved access and project-amelioration) improved safety for pedestrians, schools, etc.)
Land con- Resurfacing within the Land Operational life of road, Insignificant (no / sumption right of way, High sensitivity (legal) permanent land Unlikely occurrence consumption) (no envisaged
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Receptor / Sensitivity Measures / Impact Evaluation of Description / Likelihood of Duration / Level remaining Factor significance occurrence impact landtake) Damage Project considers Plants Operational life of road, Improvement Planting of of roadside trees of High sensitivity additional structures Yerevanian Highway (climatic function) trees / alleys or Increased number of Likely occurrence trees trees is envisaged. (additional trees will Planting has to be be planted) conducted Social Enhanced safety due to Human being Operational life of road, Improvement / effects lighting and reinstated High sensitivity footway Likely occurrence (improved safety)
Visual Increased number of Landscape/Townscap Operational life of road, Improvement / impacts trees is envisaged. e/Scenery (land- Planting has to be Low sensitivity scape) conducted Likely occurrence Surface No surface waters / / / / water Table 8: Impact assessment for Yerevanian Highway
6.4.2. Garegin Njdeh Street
Receptor / Sensitivity Measures / Impact Evaluation of Description / Likelihood of Duration / Level remaining Factor significance occurrence impact Construction phase Noise The resurfacing (milling Medium-high Lane-by-lane (1-2 weeks) The noise emissions Ear protection off the former asphalt sensitivity (residential and footway construction are limited to a (PPE) for layer) holds typical and commercial (1-2 weeks) period for certain period. For construction noise levels of principal areas) depending on residents short (in total residents in a rather workers construction. noise level emitted approx. 3-4 weeks) short time period and time Equipment ranges (insignificant). Likely occurrence between 75 – 80 dB (A) (peaks values) Construction workers Overall construction are exposed period construction permanently workers (2.5 years) (significant) Air Earthmoving, Human being Construction period, for The generation of Sprinkling on pollution asphalting and High sensitivity residents (3-4 weeks) dust is temporary and haul roads compaction activities residential areas Overall construction periodically during Trucks should generate dust period workers (2.5 dry weather have canvas Likely occurrence years) conditions. For cover roadside residents and nuisance period is rather short. (Insignificant)
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Receptor / Sensitivity Measures / Impact Evaluation of Description / Likelihood of Duration / Level remaining Factor significance occurrence impact Construction workers (significant) Vibration The refurbishment Human being Construction period, for insignificant / construction (milling off Low sensitivity residents (3-4 weeks) the asphalt layer) does No vibration sensitive Overall construction not cause significant areas roadside period workers (2.5 vibrations Unlikely occurrence years)
Accidents Construction works and Human being Construction period, for Significant Implementati / OHS / electrical works can be Very high sensitivity residents (3-4 weeks) (electrical and on of safety labour accompanied by for residents as Overall construction construction works) measures and and accidents. Occupational pedestrians, drivers period workers (2.5 OHS working Health and Safety can of vehicles and years) measures. conditions be conducted construction workers Working inadequately Likely occurrence equipment. conducted Supervision inadequately and control Access- Construction of access Human being Construction period of Significant Construction ibility aids or bridges Very high sensitivity footway (1-2 weeks) (footway of access aids for residents as reconstruction) pedestrians, drivers of vehicles and construction workers Likely occurrence Economic Accessibility to roadside Human being Construction period of Insignificant / displace- business need to be Medium sensitivity footway (1-2 weeks) ment ensured. Shops (reserves for thereunder “Voske contingencies to be Tsilk”, Restaurant “QS”, considered) Café Kiosks require Unlikely occurrence access aides. Industry, (economic Car repairs and a Hotel disadvantage) require accessibility by
cars. The same needs to be considered for scientific institutes. By using lane by lane construction, one lane is always usable. Sensitive “Secondary School Human being Construction periods in Significant (safety Traffic locations No.2, Children’s Very high sensitivity front of a building only, noise will not be guarding for hospital” in the for sensitive relatively short for an issue within the students vicinity. locations like schools overlaying (3-4 weeks short time frame) during works (Accessibility needs to including footway in the close- is required to be reconstruction) by area of the ensured) school Likely occurrence Damage Structures (e.g. Technical obstacles Construction period in Significant Fencing of of pipelines, electricity High sensitivity front of one block (3-4 endangered structures boxes, substations) (technical weeks) obstacles and / alleys or should be protected by infrastructure supply) roadside trees trees fences.
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Receptor / Sensitivity Measures / Impact Evaluation of Description / Likelihood of Duration / Level remaining Factor significance occurrence impact Trees should be Likely occurrence protected by fences. Plants High sensitivity (townscape and climatically effects) Likely occurrence Social Footways are not Human being Construction period in Insignificant / effects usable. Disturbance of Low sensitivity front of one block last for Either footway or daily life activities Unlikely occurrence 3-4 weeks (including the road or side roads are phase of footway usable reconstruction) Constr. Construction works Landscape/Townscap Construction period in Insignificant / works disturbs townscape e/Scenery front of one block last for disturbs Low sensitivity 3-4 weeks town- Unlikely occurrence scape Ground- Construction works Groundwater Overall construction Significant Proper water / endanger ground water High sensitivity period (2.5 years) (oil spills, sourcing of handling of surface (oil spills, sourcing of Likely occurrence aggregates, hazardous waters aggregates, inappropriate storm materials inappropriate storm water drainage) water drainage). No surface waters close-by. Cultural Unexpected discovery Cultural heritage Overall construction Significant Preparedness heritage High sensitivity period (2.5 years) / Rapid Unlikely occurrence assessment (discovery) Waste Construction waste Human being Overall construction Significant Proper (Granulate, Light bulbs) High sensitivity period (2.5 years) disposal of Likely occurrence hazardous (waste generation) waste Operation phase Noise 0 dB(A) day and night Human being Operational life of road, Insignificant / (until 2020), better High sensitivity Forecast horizon 5 years (indicator remains road condition evens (residential areas) + 0 dB (A) day/ night below defined out higher traffic values (depending on noise threshold value) in 2020. level emitted and time) Likely occurrence
Air Decrease PM10 (-1,67 Human being Operational life of road, Insignificant / 3 pollution µg/m ) in future 5 years High sensitivity Forecast horizon 5 years (indicator remains Increase SO2 (0,01 residential areas below defined µg/m3) in future 5 years threshold value) Likely occurrence Increase NO2 (1,52 µg/m3) in future 5 years Vibration Buildings 10 m from Human being Operational life of road, Insignificant / road axis, Low sensitivity (Buildings out of area Improvements due to Unlikely occurrence of influence) elimination of asphalt fissures
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Receptor / Sensitivity Measures / Impact Evaluation of Description / Likelihood of Duration / Level remaining Factor significance occurrence impact Safety Continuous lighting Human being Operational life of road, Significant Negotiations during the night High sensitivity for with women Municipality Unlikely occurrence about (threat) extension of lighting times Accidents Improving due to Human being Operational life of road, Improvement / lighting, rehabilitated Very high sensitivity (road safety carriageway (project- for residents as improvements as a amelioration) pedestrians, drivers project-amelioration) of vehicles and construction workers Likely occurrence Economic Improving due to better Human being Operational life of road, Improvement / displace- accessibility and road Medium sensitivity (road safety ment conditions Likely occurrence improvements as a (improved access) project-amelioration)
Sensitive Improving due to better Human being Operational life of road, Improvement / locations accessibility, safety and High sensitivity (road safety road conditions Likely occurrence improvements as a (project-amelioration) (improved access and project-amelioration) improved safety for pedestrians, schools, etc.)
Land con- Resurfacing within the Land Operational life of road, Insignificant (no / sumption right of way, High sensitivity (legal) permanent land Unlikely occurrence consumption) (no envisaged land take) Damage Project considers Plants Operational life of road, Improvement Planting of of roadside trees on High sensitivity additional structures Garegin Njdeh Highway. (climatic function) trees / alleys or Increased number of Likely occurrence trees trees is envisaged. (additional trees will Planting has to be be planted) conducted Social Enhanced safety due to Human being Operational life of road, Improvement / effects lighting and reinstated High sensitivity footway Likely occurrence (improved safety)
Visual Increased number of Landscape/Townscap Operational life of road, Improvement / impacts trees e/Scenery (land- Low sensitivity scape) Likely occurrence Ground (No surface waters) Ground water Operational life of road, Improvement / water High sensitivity
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Receptor / Sensitivity Measures / Impact Evaluation of Description / Likelihood of Duration / Level remaining Factor significance occurrence impact Unlikely occurrence (accidents) Table 9: Impact assessment for Garegin Njdeh
6.4.3. Vazgen Sargsyan
Receptor / Sensitivity Measures / Impact Evaluation of Description / Likelihood of Duration / Level remaining Factor significance occurrence impact Construction phase Noise The resurfacing (milling Medium-high Lane-by-lane (1-2 weeks) The noise events are Ear protection off the former asphalt sensitivity (residential and footway construction limited to a certain (PPE) for layer) holds typical and commercial (1-2 weeks) period for period. For residents construction noise levels of principal areas) depending on residents short (in total in a rather short time workers construction. noise level emitted approx. 3-4 weeks) period (insignificant). and time Equipment ranges Likely occurrence between 75 – 80 dB (A) Construction workers (peaks values) are exposed Overall construction permanently period construction (significant) workers (2.5 years) Air Earthmoving, Human being Construction period, for The generation of Sprinkling on pollution asphalting and High sensitivity residents (3-4 weeks) dust is temporary and haul roads compaction activities residential areas Overall construction periodically during Trucks should generate dust period workers (2.5 dry weather have canvas Likely occurrence years) conditions. For cover roadside residents and nuisance period is rather short. (Insignificant)
Construction workers (significant) Vibration The refurbishment Human being Construction period, for insignificant / construction (milling off Low sensitivity residents (3-4 weeks) the asphalt layer) does (No vibration Overall construction not cause significant sensitive areas period workers (2.5 vibrations roadside) years) Unlikely occurrence Accidents Construction works and Human being Construction period, for Significant Implementati / OHS / electrical works can be Very high sensitivity residents (3-4 weeks) (electrical and on of safety labour accompanied by for residents as Overall construction construction works) measures and and accidents. Occupational pedestrians, drivers period workers (2.5 OHS working Health and Safety can of vehicles and years) measures. conditions be conducted construction workers Working inadequately Likely occurrence equipment. Supervision and control Access- Construction of access Human being Construction period of Significant Construction ibility aids or bridges Very high sensitivity footway (1-2 weeks) (footway of access aids for residents as
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Receptor / Sensitivity Measures / Impact Evaluation of Description / Likelihood of Duration / Level remaining Factor significance occurrence impact pedestrians, drivers reconstruction) of vehicles and construction workers Likely occurrence Economic Accessibility to roadside Human being Construction period of Insignificant / displace- business need to be Medium sensitivity footway (1-2 weeks) ment ensured. 10x Shops, (reserves for chemists and kiosks contingencies to be require access aides. 3x considered) Car repairs and a Unlikely occurrence restaurant with (economic wedding hall require disadvantage) accessibility by cars.
Sensitive “Kindergarten, School Human being Construction periods in Significant (safety Traffic locations No.19”. Very high sensitivity front of a building only, noise will not be guarding for for sensitive relatively short for an issue within the students locations like schools overlaying short time frame) during works (Accessibility needs to in the close- is required to be by area of the ensured) school Likely occurrence Damage Structures (e.g. Technical obstacles Construction period in Significant Fencing of of pipelines, electricity High sensitivity front of one block (3-4 endangered structures boxes, substations) (technical weeks) obstacles and / alleys or should be protected by infrastructure supply) roadside trees trees fences. Likely occurrence Trees should be Plants protected by fences. High sensitivity (townscape and climatically effects) Likely occurrence Social Footways are not Human being Construction period in Insignificant / effects usable. Disturbance of Low sensitivity front of one block last for Either footway or daily life activities Unlikely occurrence 3-4 weeks road or side roads are usable Constr. Construction works Landscape/Townscap Construction period in Insignificant / works disturbs townscape e/Scenery front of one block last for disturbs Low sensitivity 3-4 weeks town- Unlikely occurrence scape Surface / Construction works Groundwater Overall construction Significant Proper Ground endanger ground water High sensitivity period (2.5 years) (oil spills, sourcing of handling of water (oil spills, sourcing of Likely occurrence aggregates, hazardous aggregates, inappropriate storm materials inappropriate storm water drainage) water drainage). No surface waters close-by. Cultural Unexpected discovery Cultural heritage Overall construction Significant Preparedness heritage High sensitivity period (2.5 years) / Rapid Unlikely occurrence assessment
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Receptor / Sensitivity Measures / Impact Evaluation of Description / Likelihood of Duration / Level remaining Factor significance occurrence impact (discovery) Waste Construction waste Human being Overall construction Significant Proper (Granulate, Light bulbs) High sensitivity period (2.5 years) disposal of Likely occurrence hazardous (waste generation) waste Operation Phase Noise 1 dB(A) day and night Human being Operational life of road, Insignificant / (until 2020), better High sensitivity Forecast horizon 5 years (indicator remains road condition evens (residential areas) + 1 dB (A) day/ night below defined out higher traffic values (depending on noise threshold value) in 2020 level emitted and time) Likely occurrence Air Decrease PM10 (-1,39 Human being Operational life of road, Insignificant / 3 pollution µg/m ) in future 5 years High sensitivity Forecast horizon 5 years (indicator remains Increase SO2 (0,00 residential areas below defined µg/m3) in future 5 years threshold value) Likely occurrence Increase NO2 (1,22 µg/m3) in future 5 years Vibration Buildings 10 m from Human being Operational life of road, Insignificant / road axis, Low sensitivity (Buildings out of area improvements due to Unlikely occurrence of influence) elimination of asphalt fissures Safety Continuous lighting Human being Operational life of road, Significant Negotiations during the night High sensitivity for with women Municipality Unlikely occurrence about (threat) extension of lighting times Accidents Improving due to Human being Operational life of road, Improvement / lighting, rehabilitated Very high sensitivity (road safety carriageway (project- for residents as improvements as a amelioration) pedestrians, drivers project-amelioration) of vehicles and construction workers Likely occurrence Economic Improving due to better Human being Operational life of road, Improvement / displace- accessibility and road Medium sensitivity (road safety ment conditions Likely occurrence improvements as a (improved access) project-amelioration)
Sensitive Improving due to better Human being Operational life of road, Improvement / locations accessibility, safety and High sensitivity (road safety road conditions Likely occurrence improvements as a (project-amelioration) (improved access and project-amelioration) improved safety for pedestrians, schools, etc.)
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Receptor / Sensitivity Measures / Impact Evaluation of Description / Likelihood of Duration / Level remaining Factor significance occurrence impact
Land con- Resurfacing within the Land Operational life of road, Insignificant (no / sumption right of way, High sensitivity (legal) permanent land Unlikely occurrence consumption) (no envisaged land take) Damage No roadside trees in Plants Operational life of road, Improvement Planting of of Vazgen Sargsyan. High sensitivity (additional trees additional structures Increased number of (climatic function) being planted) trees / alleys or trees is envisaged. Likely occurrence trees Planting has to be (additional trees will conducted be planted) Social Enhanced safety due to Human being Operational life of road, Improvement / effects lighting and reinstated High sensitivity footway Likely occurrence (improved safety)
Visual Increased number of Landscape/Townscap Operational life of road, Improvement / impacts trees e/Scenery (land- Low sensitivity scape) Likely occurrence Ground No surface waters Ground water Operational life of road, Improvement / water and High sensitivity Surface Unlikely occurrence water (accidents) Table 10: Impact assessment for Vazgen Sargsyan
6.4.4. Tigran Mets Avenue
Receptor / Sensitivity Measures / Impact Evaluation of Description / Likelihood of Duration / Level remaining Factor significance occurrence impact Noise The resurfacing (milling Human being Lane-by-lane (1-2 The noise emissions are Ear protection off the former asphalt Medium-high weeks) and footway limited to a certain (PPE) for layer) holds typical sensitivity (residential construction (1-2 period. For residents in construction noise levels of principal and commercial weeks) period for a rather short time workers construction. areas) depending on residents short (in total period (insignificant). noise level emitted approx. 3-4 weeks) and time Equipment ranges Construction workers between 75 – 80 dB (A) Likely occurrence are exposed quasi (peaks values) permanently Overall construction (significant) period construction workers (2.5 years) Air Earthmoving, Human being Construction period, for The generation of dust Sprinkling on pollution asphalting and High sensitivity residents (3-4 weeks) is temporary and haul roads compaction activities residential areas Overall construction periodically during dry Trucks should generate dust period workers (2.5 weather conditions. For have canvas Likely occurrence years) residents nuisance cover period is rather short.
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(Insignificant)
Construction workers (significant) Vibration The refurbishment Human being Construction period, for insignificant / construction (milling off Low sensitivity residents (3-4 weeks) the asphalt layer) does No vibration sensitive Overall construction not cause significant areas roadside period workers (2.5 vibrations Unlikely occurrence years)
Accidents Construction works an Human being Construction period, for Significant Implementati / OHS / Electrical works can be Very high sensitivity residents (3-4 weeks) (electrical and on of safety labour accompanied by for residents as Overall construction construction works) measures and and accidents. Occupational pedestrians, drivers period workers (2.5 OHS working Health and Safety can of vehicles and years) measures. conditions be conducted construction workers Working inadequately Likely occurrence equipment. Supervision and control Access- Construction of access Human being Construction period of Significant Construction ibility aids or bridges Very high sensitivity footway (1-2 weeks) (footway of access aids for residents as reconstruction) pedestrians, drivers of vehicles and construction workers Likely occurrence Economic Accessibility to roadside Human being Construction period of Insignificant / displace- business is guaranteed Medium sensitivity footway (1-2 weeks) ment 24h/7days. (reserves for Some businesses need contingencies to be to stay accessible by considered) vehicles. Access aids for Unlikely occurrence pedestrians are (economic required in case of disadvantage) footway works. It has to be noted that a parallel
small road can be used for access (in parts). Sensitive “Progress University, Human being Construction periods in Significant (safety only, Traffic locations Schools”. Very high sensitivity front of a building noise will not be an guarding for and for sensitive relatively short for issue within the short students cultural locations like schools overlaying time frame) during works place in close-by Likely occurrence area of the school Damage Structures (e.g. Technical obstacles Construction period in Significant Fencing of of pipelines, electricity High sensitivity front of one block endangered structures boxes, substations) (technical obstacles and / alleys or have to be protected by infrastructure supply) roadside trees trees fences. Likely occurrence Trees should be Plants protected by fences. High sensitivity (townscape and climatically effects) Likely occurrence
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Social Footways are not Human being Construction period in Insignificant / effects usable. Disturbance of Low sensitivity front of one block last Either footway or road daily life activities Unlikely occurrence for 1-2 weeks (2 times or side roads are usable including the footway reconstruction) Visual Construction works Landscape/Townscap Construction period in Insignificant / impacts disturbs townscape e/Scenery front of one block last (land- Low sensitivity for 3-4 weeks scape) Unlikely occurrence Surface / Construction works Groundwater Overall construction Significant Proper Ground endanger ground water High sensitivity period (2.5 years) (oil spills handling of water (oil spills, sourcing of Likely occurrence sourcing of aggregate, hazardous aggregates, drainage) materials inappropriate storm water drainage). Cultural Unexpected discovery Cultural heritage Construction period Significant Preparedness heritage High sensitivity (2.5 years) / Rapid Unlikely occurrence assessment Waste Construction waste Human being Overall construction Significant Proper (Granulate, Light bulbs) High sensitivity period (2.5 years) disposal of Likely occurrence hazardous (waste generation) waste Operation phase Noise Increase 2 dB(A) day, 1 Human being Operational life of road, Insignificant (indicator / dB (A) night (until High sensitivity Forecast horizon 5 remains below defined 2020), better road (residential areas) years threshold value) condition evens out (depending on noise + 2 dB (A) day/ + 1 dB higher traffic values in level emitted and (A) night 2020 time) Likely occurrence
Air Decrease PM10 (-1,02 Human being Operational life of road, Insignificant (indicator / 3 pollution µg/m ) in future 5 years High sensitivity Forecast horizon 5 remains below defined Increase SO2 (0,01 residential areas years threshold value) µg/m3) in future 5 years Likely occurrence Increase NO2 (1,02 µg/m3) in future 5 years Vibration Buildings 15 m from Human being Operational life of road, Insignificant (Buildings / road axis, Low sensitivity out of area of Improvements due to Unlikely occurrence influence) elimination of asphalt fissures Safety Continuous lighting Human being Operational life of road, Significant Negotiations during the night High sensitivity for with women Municipality Unlikely occurrence about (threat) extension of lighting times Accidents Improving due to Human being Operational life of road, Improvement / lighting, rehabilitated Very high sensitivity (road safety carriageway (project- for residents as improvements as a amelioration) pedestrians, drivers project-amelioration) of vehicles and
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construction workers Likely occurrence Economic Improving due to better Human being Operational life of road, Improvement / displace- accessibility and road Medium sensitivity (road safety ment conditions (project- Likely occurrence improvements as a amelioration) (improved access) project-amelioration)
Sensitive Improving due to better Human being Operational life of road, Improvement / locations accessibility, safety and High sensitivity (Insignificant) (road road conditions Likely occurrence safety improvements as (project-amelioration) (improved access and a project-amelioration) improved safety for pedestrians, schools, etc.)
Land con- Resurfacing within the Land Operational life of road, Insignificant (no / sumption right of way; no High sensitivity (legal) permanent land permanent land Unlikely occurrence consumption) consumption (no envisaged land take) Damage Project considers Plants Operational life of road, Improvement / of roadside trees on High sensitivity structures Tigran Mets Avenue. No (climatic function) / alleys or additional plantings Likely occurrence trees necessary (additional trees will be planted) Social Enhanced safety due to Human being Operational life of road, Improvement / effects lighting and reinstated High sensitivity footway Likely occurrence (improved safety)
Visual No additional plantings Landscape/Townscap Operational life of road, Improvement / impacts necessary e/Scenery (land- Low sensitivity scape) Likely occurrence Surface No surface waters / / / / water Table 11: Impact assessment for Tigran Mets Avenue
6.5. Roads envisaged for full replacement
6.5.1. Shara Talayan Street
Receptor / Sensitivity Measures / Impact Evaluation of Description / Likelihood of Duration / Level remaining Factor significance occurrence impact Construction phase Noise The full-depth Human being Construction period The noise is emissions Ear protection reconstruction with Low-medium construction workers are limited to a (PPE) for typical noise levels of sensitivity (industrial (2.5 years) certain period. For construction Principal Construction area) depending on For residents shorter receptors at the workers
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Receptor / Sensitivity Measures / Impact Evaluation of Description / Likelihood of Duration / Level remaining Factor significance occurrence impact Equipment ranges noise level emitted (range 2 – 5 months) industrial areas between 75-98 dB (A). and time Equipment ranges (daytime) and rather (Excavation works) short (insignificant) Likely occurrence between 75-98 dB (A). (Excavation works) Construction workers are exposed almost permanently (significant) Air Earthmoving, Human being Construction period 2-5 The generation of Concept of pollution asphalting and High sensitivity months dust is temporary and short compaction activities residential areas periodically during distances generate dust dry weather Sprinkling on Likely occurrence conditions. However, haul roads nuisance can occur up Trucks will to 4 months have canvas (significant) cover Wind Construction workers protection at are exposed almost deposits permanently (significant) Vibration With full-depth Human being Construction period 2-5 Identification of Monitoring of reconstruction, Medium-High months vibration intensive vibration roadside is exposed to sensitivity works (construction exposed vibrations equivalent of Likely occurrence concept). Rapid buildings an excavator / assessment of jackhammer during the roadside building construction phase nearer than 7.5 m. Identification of Monitoring need (significant) Accidents Construction works can Human being Construction period (2-5 Significant Implementati / OHS / be accompanied by Very high sensitivity months) for construction on of safety labour accidents. Occupational for residents as workers (2.5 years) measures and and Health and Safety can pedestrians, drivers OHS working be conducted of vehicles and measures. conditions inadequately construction workers Supervision Likely occurrence and control Access- Construction of access Human being Construction period of Significant Construction ibility aids or bridges Very high sensitivity footway (4-8 weeks) (footway of access aids for residents as reconstruction) pedestrians, drivers of vehicles and construction workers Likely occurrence Economic Accessibility to roadside Human being Construction period of Insignificant (block- / displace- business need to be Medium sensitivity footway (4-8 weeks) wise construction), ment ensured. Offices can be (reserves for access through side reached from side road contingencies to be roads considered) Unlikely
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Receptor / Sensitivity Measures / Impact Evaluation of Description / Likelihood of Duration / Level remaining Factor significance occurrence impact Sensitive No sensitive locations / / / / locations Damage Structures (e.g. Technical obstacles Construction period in Significant Fencing of pipelines, electricity High sensitivity front of one block 2-5 structures boxes, substations) (technical months / alleys or should be protected by infrastructure supply) trees fences. Likely occurrence Social Footways are not Human being Construction period in Insignificant / effects usable. Disturbance of Medium- high front of one block last for Either footway or daily life activities sensitivity 2-5 months road or side roads are Likely occurrence usable (block wise construction) Constr. Construction works Landscape/Townscap Construction period in Insignificant / works disturbs townscape e/Scenery front of one block last for disturbs Low sensitivity 2-5 months town- Unlikely occurrence scape Surface / Construction works Groundwater Construction period (2-5 Significant Proper Ground endanger ground water High sensitivity months years) (oil spills, sourcing of handling of water (oil spills, sourcing of Likely occurrence aggregates, hazardous aggregates, inappropriate storm materials inappropriate storm water drainage) water drainage). No surface waters close-by.
Cultural Unexpected discovery Cultural heritage Overall Construction Significant Preparedness heritage High sensitivity period (2.5 years) / Rapid Unlikely occurrence assessment Waste Construction waste Human being Overall construction Significant Proper (Building rubble, High sensitivity period (2.5 years) disposal of construction waste, Likely occurrence hazardous Light bulbs) (waste generation) waste Operation phase Noise 3 dB(A) day / 6 dB(A) Human being Operational life of road, Insignificant / night (until 2020). Low-medium Forecast horizon 5 years (Higher noise sensitivity (Industrial + 3 dB (A) day / + 6 dB emission due to area) depending on (A) night currently very low noise level emitted overall traffic and and time heavy traffic ratio do not cause nuisance to Likely occurrence neighbouring houses, due to Shara Talayan Street being located within an industrial area and no housing areas Air Due to low overall Human being Operational life of road Insignificant / pollution traffic load and low High sensitivity (indicator remains heavy traffic ratio the below defined
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Receptor / Sensitivity Measures / Impact Evaluation of Description / Likelihood of Duration / Level remaining Factor significance occurrence impact increase of traffic will residential areas threshold value). No not significantly housing areas Likely occurrence increase emission values Vibration Buildings 5 m from road Human being Operational life of road Insignificant / axis; Low sensitivity (improvements due Unlikely occurrence to elimination of potholes and damaged road Buildings out of area of influence) Safety Continuous lighting Human being Operational life of road, Significant Negotiations during the night High sensitivity for with women Municipality Unlikely occurrence about (threat) extension of lighting times Accidents Improving due to Human being Operational life of road, Improvement (road / lighting, rehabilitated Very high sensitivity safety improvements carriageway (project- for residents as as a project- amelioration) pedestrians, drivers amelioration) of vehicles and construction workers Likely occurrence Economic Improving due to better Human being Operational life of road Improvement (road / displace- accessibility and road Medium sensitivity safety improvements ment conditions Likely occurrence as a project- (improved access) amelioration)
Sensitive No sensitive locations / / / / locations (industrial area) Land con- Full depth rehabilitation Land Operational life of road Insignificant (no / sumption within the right of way; High sensitivity (legal) permanent land no permanent land Unlikely occurrence consumption) consumption (no envisaged land take) Damage No roadside trees in Plants Operational life of road Improvement due to Planting of of Shara Talayan Street. High sensitivity additional trees being trees structures Additional trees should (climatic function) planted / alleys or be planted Likely occurrence trees (additional trees will be planted) Social Enhanced safety due to Human being Operational life of road Improvement / effects lighting and reinstated High sensitivity footway Likely occurrence (improved safety)
Visual Increased number of Landscape/Townscap Operational life of road Improvement / impacts trees e/Scenery (land-
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Receptor / Sensitivity Measures / Impact Evaluation of Description / Likelihood of Duration / Level remaining Factor significance occurrence impact scape) Low sensitivity Likely occurrence Surface No surface waters Ground water Operational life of road Improvement / water High sensitivity Unlikely occurrence (accidents) Table 12: Impact assessment for Shara Talayan Street
6.5.2. Rustaveli Street
Receptor / Sensitivity Measures / Impact Evaluation of Description / Likelihood of Duration / Level remaining Factor significance occurrence impact Construction phase Noise The full-depth Human being Construction period The noise is emissions Ear protection reconstruction with High sensitivity construction workers are limited to a certain (PPE) for typical noise levels of (residential areas) (2.5 years) period. For residents construction Principal Construction (depending on noise For residents shorter and rather short workers Equipment ranges level emitted and (range 2 – 5 months) (insignificant) between 75-98 dB (A). time) Equipment ranges (Excavation works) Likely occurrence between 75-98 dB (A). Construction workers (Excavation works) are exposed almost permanently (significant) Air Earthmoving, Human being Construction period 2-5 The generation of dust Concept of pollution asphalting and High sensitivity months is temporary and short compaction activities residential areas periodically during dry distances generate dust weather conditions. Sprinkling on Likely occurrence However, nuisance can haul roads occur up to 4 months Trucks will (significant) have canvas cover Construction workers Wind are exposed almost protection at permanently deposits (significant) Vibration With full-depth Human being Construction period 2-5 Identification of Monitoring of reconstruction, Medium-High months vibration intensive vibration roadside is exposed to sensitivity works (construction exposed vibrations equivalent of Likely occurrence concept). Rapid buildings excavator / assessment of roadside jackhammer during the building nearer than 7.5 construction operation. m. Identification of Monitoring need (significant) Accidents Construction works and Human being Construction period (2- Significant Implementati / OHS / electrical works can be Very high sensitivity 5 months) for on of safety labour accompanied by for residents as construction workers measures and and accidents. Occupational pedestrians, drivers (2.5 years) OHS working Health and Safety can of vehicles and measures. conditions be conducted construction workers Working
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Receptor / Sensitivity Measures / Impact Evaluation of Description / Likelihood of Duration / Level remaining Factor significance occurrence impact inadequately Likely occurrence equipment. conducted Supervision inadequately and control Access- Construction of access Human being Construction period of Significant Construction ibility aids or bridges Very high sensitivity footway (4-8 weeks) (footway of access aids for residents as reconstruction) pedestrians, drivers of vehicles and construction workers Likely occurrence Economic Accessibility to roadside Human being Construction period of Insignificant (block-wise / displace- business need to be Medium sensitivity footway (4-8 weeks) construction), access ment ensured for shops. (reserves for through side roads Entertainment facility contingencies to be can be reached from considered) Sayat Nova Ave. Unlikely occurrence Sensitive “Church”. Restrictions Human being Footway and road Significant (noise Construction locations of noise intensive High sensitivity reconstruction nuisance can disturbs conception construction works Likely occurrence (approx.. 2-5 months) holy mess) has to during certain consider holy timeframes mess times Damage Structures (e.g. Technical obstacles Construction period in Significant Fencing of of pipelines, electricity High sensitivity front of one block endangered structures boxes, substations) (technical obstacles and / alleys or should be protected by infrastructure supply) roadside trees trees fences. Likely occurrence Plants High sensitivity (townscape and climatically effects) Likely occurrence Social Footways are not Human being Construction period in Insignificant / effects usable. Disturbance of Medium to high front of one block last Either footway or road daily life activities sensitivity for 2-5 months or side roads are usable Likely occurrence (blockwise construction) Constr. Construction works Landscape/Townscap Construction period in Insignificant / works disturbs townscape e/Scenery front of one block last disturbs Low sensitivity for 2-5 months town- Unlikely occurrence scape Surface / Construction works Groundwater / Construction period in Significant Fencing of Ground endanger ground water surface water front of one block last (construction waste is small river, water (oil spills, sourcing of High sensitivity for 2-5 months often dumped in rivers Proper aggregates, storm Likely occurrence / creeks) handling of water drainage), (oil spills, sourcing of hazardous Rustaveli Street crosses aggregates, materials a small nameless river. inappropriate storm water drainage)
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Receptor / Sensitivity Measures / Impact Evaluation of Description / Likelihood of Duration / Level remaining Factor significance occurrence impact Cultural Unexpected discovery Cultural heritage Overall Construction Significant Preparedness heritage High sensitivity period (2.5 years) / Rapid Unlikely occurrence assessment Waste Construction waste Human being Overall construction Significant Proper (Building rubble, High sensitivity period (2.5 years) disposal of construction waste, Likely occurrence hazardous Light bulbs) (waste generation) waste Operation Phase Noise 2 dB(A) day and night Human being Operational life of road, Insignificant / (until 2020). High sensitivity Forecast horizon 5 (indicator remains (residential areas) years below defined (depending on noise + 2 dB (A) day / night threshold value) level emitted and time) Likely occurrence Air Due to low overall Human being Operational life of road Insignificant (indicator / pollution traffic load and low High sensitivity remains below defined heavy traffic ratio the residential areas threshold value) increase of traffic will not significantly Likely occurrence increase emission values Vibration Buildings 5 m from road Human being Operational life of road Insignificant / axis, Improvements due Low sensitivity (improvements due to to elimination of Unlikely occurrence elimination of potholes damaged cobblestones. and damaged road Buildings out of area of influence) Safety Continuous lighting Human being Operational life of road, Significant Negotiations during the night High sensitivity for with women Municipality Unlikely occurrence about (threat) extension of lighting times Accidents Improving due to Human being Operational life of road, Improvement / lighting, rehabilitated Very high sensitivity (road safety carriageway (project- for residents as improvements as a amelioration) pedestrians, drivers project-amelioration) of vehicles and construction workers Likely occurrence Economic Improving due to better Human being Operational life of road Improvement / displace- accessibility and road Medium sensitivity (road safety ment conditions Likely occurrence improvements as a (improved access) project-amelioration)
Sensitive Improving due to better Human being Operational life of road Improvement / locations accessibility, safety and High sensitivity (road safety road conditions Likely occurrence improvements as a
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Receptor / Sensitivity Measures / Impact Evaluation of Description / Likelihood of Duration / Level remaining Factor significance occurrence impact (project-amelioration) (improved access) project-amelioration)
Land con- Full depth rehabilitation Land Operational life of road Insignificant (no Planting of sumption within the right of way; High sensitivity (legal) permanent land trees no permanent land Unlikely occurrence consumption) consumption (no envisaged landtake) Damage No roadside trees in Plants Operational life of road, Improvement / of Rustaveli Street. High sensitivity (additional trees being structures Additional trees should (climatic function) planted) / alleys or be planted Likely occurrence trees (additional trees will be planted) Social Enhanced safety due to Human being Operational life of road, Improvement / effects lighting and reinstated High sensitivity footway Likely occurrence (improved safety)
Visual Increased number of Landscape/Townscap Operational life of road, Improvement / impacts trees e/Scenery (land- Low sensitivity scape) Likely occurrence Surface Rustaveli street passes Surface water Operational life of road, Improvement / water small river High sensitivity (enhancement of Unlikely occurrence drainage system) (accidents) Table 13: Impact assessment for Rustaveli Street
6.5.3. Mazmanyan Street
Measures / Impact Receptor / Sensitivity / Evaluation of Description Duration / Level remaining Factor Likelihood of occurrence significance impact Construction phase Noise The full-depth Human being Construction period The noise is emissions Ear protection reconstruction with High sensitivity construction workers are limited to a certain (PPE) for typical noise levels of (residential areas) (2.5 years) period. For residents construction Principal Construction (depending on noise For residents shorter and rather short workers Equipment ranges level emitted and (range 2 – 5 months) (insignificant) between 75-98 dB (A). time) Equipment ranges (Excavation works) Likely occurrence between 75-98 dB (A). Construction workers (Excavation works) are exposed almost permanently (significant) Air Earthmoving, Human being Construction period 2-5 The generation of dust Concept of pollution asphalting and High sensitivity months is temporary and short compaction activities residential areas periodically during dry distances generate dust weather conditions. Sprinkling on Likely occurrence However, nuisance can haul roads
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Measures / Impact Receptor / Sensitivity / Evaluation of Description Duration / Level remaining Factor Likelihood of occurrence significance impact occur up to 4 months Trucks will (significant) have canvas cover Construction workers Wind are exposed almost protection at permanently deposits (significant) Vibration With full-depth Human being Construction period 2-5 Identification of Monitoring of reconstruction, Medium-High months vibration intensive vibration roadside is exposed to sensitivity works (construction exposed vibrations equivalent of Likely occurrence concept). Rapid buildings excavator / assessment of roadside jackhammer during the building nearer than 7.5 construction operation. m. Identification of Monitoring need (significant) Accidents Construction works and Human being Construction period (2- Significant Implementati / OHS / electrical works can be Very high sensitivity 5 months) for on of safety labour accompanied by for residents as construction workers measures and and accidents. Occupational pedestrians, drivers (2.5 years) OHS working Health and Safety can of vehicles and measures. conditions be conducted construction workers Working inadequately Likely occurrence equipment. conducted Supervision inadequately and control Access- Construction of access Human being Construction period of Significant Construction ibility aids or bridges Very high sensitivity footway (4-8 weeks) (footway of access aids for residents as reconstruction) pedestrians, Likely occurrence Economic No businesses / / / / displace- ment Sensitive No sensitive locations / / / / locations Damage Structures (e.g. Technical obstacles Construction period in Significant Fencing of of pipelines, electricity High sensitivity front of one block endangered structures boxes, substations) (technical obstacles and / alleys or should be protected by infrastructure supply) roadside trees fences. Likely occurrence trees, affected trees Plants should be High sensitivity replanted (townscape and climatically effects) Likely occurrence Social Footways are not Human being Construction period in Insignificant / effects usable. Disturbance of Medium to high front of one block last Either footway or road daily life activities sensitivity for 2-5 months or side roads are usable Likely occurrence (blockwise construction)
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Measures / Impact Receptor / Sensitivity / Evaluation of Description Duration / Level remaining Factor Likelihood of occurrence significance impact Constr. Construction works Landscape/Townscap Construction period in Insignificant / works disturbs townscape e/Scenery front of one block last disturbs Low sensitivity for 2-5 months town- Unlikely occurrence scape Surface / Construction works Groundwater Construction period in Significant Proper Ground endanger ground water High sensitivity front of one block last (oil spills, sourcing of dealing with water (oil spills, sourcing of Likely occurrence for 2-5 months aggregates, hazardous aggregates, storm inappropriate storm substances water drainage). No water drainage) surface waters Cultural Unexpected discovery Cultural heritage Construction period Significant Preparedness heritage High sensitivity (2.5 years) / Rapid Unlikely occurrence assessment Waste Construction waste Human being Overall construction Significant Proper (Building rubble, High sensitivity period (2.5 years) disposal of construction waste, Likely occurrence hazardous Light bulbs) (waste generation) waste Operation phase Noise 1 dB(A) day / 2 dB(A) Human being Operational life of road, Insignificant / day night (until 2020). High sensitivity Forecast horizon 5 (indicator remains (residential areas) years below defined (depending on noise + 1 dB (A) day / + 2 dB threshold value) level emitted and (A) night time) Likely occurrence Air Due to low overall Human being Operational life of road Insignificant (indicator / pollution traffic load and low High sensitivity remains below defined heavy traffic ratio the residential areas threshold value) increase of traffic will not significantly Likely occurrence increase emission values Vibration Buildings 5 m from road Human being Operational life of road Insignificant / axis, Improvements due Low sensitivity (improvements due to to elimination of Unlikely occurrence elimination of potholes damaged cobblestones. and damaged road Buildings out of area of influence) Safety Continuous lighting Human being Operational life of road, Significant Negotiations during the night High sensitivity for with women Municipality Unlikely occurrence about (threat) extension of lighting times Accidents Improving due to Human being Operational life of road, Improvement / lighting, rehabilitated Very high sensitivity (road safety carriageway (project- for residents as improvements as a amelioration) pedestrians, drivers project-amelioration) of vehicles and
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Measures / Impact Receptor / Sensitivity / Evaluation of Description Duration / Level remaining Factor Likelihood of occurrence significance impact construction workers Likely occurrence Economic Improving due to better Human being Operational life of road Improvement / displace- accessibility and road Medium sensitivity (Insignificant) (road ment conditions (project- Likely occurrence safety improvements as amelioration) (improved access) a project-amelioration)
Sensitive no sensitive locations / / / / locations Land con- Full depth rehabilitation Land Operational life of road Insignificant (no / sumption within the right of way; High sensitivity (legal) permanent land no permanent land Unlikely occurrence consumption) consumption (no envisaged landtake) Damage Project considers Plants Operational life of road, Improvement due to / of roadside trees in High sensitivity additional trees being structures Mazmanyan Street. No (climatic function) planted / alleys or additional planting Likely occurrence trees necessary (additional trees will be planted)
Social Enhanced safety due to Human being Operational life of road, Improvement / effects lighting and reinstated High sensitivity footway Likely occurrence (improved safety)
Visual No planting necessary Landscape/Townscap Operational life of road, Improvement / impacts e/Scenery (land- Low sensitivity scape) Likely occurrence Surface No surface waters / / / / water Table 14: Impact assessment for Mazmanyan Street
6.5.4. Komitas Street
Receptor / Sensitivity Measures / Impact Evaluation of Description / Likelihood of Duration / Level remaining Factor significance occurrence impact Noise The full-depth Human being Construction period The noise is emissions Ear protection reconstruction with High sensitivity construction workers are limited to a certain (PPE) for typical noise levels of (residential areas) (2.5 years) period. For residents construction Principal Construction (depending on noise For residents shorter and rather short workers Equipment ranges level emitted and (range 2 – 5 months) (insignificant) between 75-98 dB (A). time) Equipment ranges (Excavation works) Likely occurrence between 75-98 dB (A). Construction workers (Excavation works) are exposed almost permanently (significant)
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Receptor / Sensitivity Measures / Impact Evaluation of Description / Likelihood of Duration / Level remaining Factor significance occurrence impact Air Earthmoving, Human being Construction period 2-5 The generation of dust Concept of pollution asphalting and High sensitivity months is temporary and short compaction activities residential areas periodically during dry distances generate dust weather conditions. Sprinkling on Likely occurrence However, nuisance can haul roads occur up to 4 months Trucks will (significant) have canvas cover Construction workers Wind are exposed almost protection at permanently deposits (significant) Vibration With full-depth Human being Construction period 2-5 Identification of Monitoring of reconstruction, Medium-High months vibration intensive vibration roadside is exposed to sensitivity works (construction exposed vibrations equivalent of Likely occurrence concept). Rapid buildings excavator / assessment of roadside jackhammer during the building nearer than 7.5 construction operation. m. Identification of Monitoring need (significant) Accidents Construction works and Human being Construction period (2- Significant Implementati / OHS / electrical works can be Very high sensitivity 5 months) for on of safety labour accompanied by for residents as construction workers measures and and accidents. Occupational pedestrians, drivers (2.5 years) OHS working Health and Safety can of vehicles and measures. conditions be conducted construction workers Working inadequately Likely occurrence equipment. conducted Supervision inadequately and control Access- Construction of access Human being Construction period of Significant Construction ibility aids or bridges Very high sensitivity footway (4-8 weeks) (footway of access aids for residents as reconstruction) pedestrians, drivers of vehicles and construction workers Likely occurrence Economic Accessibility of roadside Human being Footway and road Insignificant (block-wise / displace- businesses needs to be Medium sensitivity reconstruction (approx. construction), access ment ensured. 3x shops and (reserves for 4-8 weeks) through side roads the restaurant contingencies to be “Andranik” require considered) access aids. Car Unlikely occurrence accessibility needs to be provided for a car repair and hydro meteorological centre. (Access can be organised from the Yerevanian Highway and the parallel road, Komitas 2nd block road and others)
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Receptor / Sensitivity Measures / Impact Evaluation of Description / Likelihood of Duration / Level remaining Factor significance occurrence impact Sensitive No sensitive locations / / / / locations Damage Structures (e.g. Technical obstacles Construction period in Significant Fencing of of pipelines, electricity High sensitivity front of one block endangered structures boxes, substations) (technical obstacles and / alleys or should be protected by infrastructure supply) roadside trees trees fences. Likely occurrence Plants High sensitivity (townscape and climatically effects) Likely occurrence Social Footways are not Human being Construction period in Insignificant / effects usable. Disturbance of Medium to high front of one block last Either footway or road daily life activities sensitivity for 2-5 months or side roads are usable Likely occurrence (blockwise construction) Constr. Construction works Landscape/Townscap Construction period in Insignificant / works disturbs townscape e/Scenery front of one block last disturbs Low sensitivity for 2-5 months town- Unlikely occurrence scape Surface / Construction works Groundwater / Construction period in Significant Fencing of Ground endanger ground water surface water front of one block last (construction waste is small river water (oil spills, sourcing of High sensitivity for 2-5 months often dumped in rivers Proper aggregates, storm Likely occurrence / creeks) dealing with water drainage), (oil spills, sourcing of hazardous Komitas Street crosses aggregates, substances a small nameless river. inappropriate storm water drainage) Cultural Unexpected discovery Cultural heritage Overall construction Significant Preparedness heritage High sensitivity period (2.5 years) / Rapid Unlikely occurrence assessment Waste Construction waste Human being Overall construction Significant Proper (Building rubble, High sensitivity period (2.5 years) disposal of construction waste, Likely occurrence hazardous Light bulbs) (waste generation) waste Operation phase Noise 1 dB(A) day / 0 dB(A) Human being Operational life of road, Insignificant / day night (until 2020). High sensitivity Forecast horizon 5 (indicator remains (residential areas) years below defined (depending on noise + 1 dB (A) day / 0 dB threshold value) level emitted and (A) night time) Likely occurrence Air Due to low overall Human being Operational life of road Insignificant (indicator / pollution traffic load and low High sensitivity remains below defined heavy traffic ratio the threshold value)
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Receptor / Sensitivity Measures / Impact Evaluation of Description / Likelihood of Duration / Level remaining Factor significance occurrence impact increase of traffic will residential areas not significantly Likely occurrence increase emission values Vibration Buildings 5 m from road Human being Operational life of road Insignificant / axis, Improvements due Low sensitivity (improvements due to to elimination of Unlikely occurrence elimination of potholes damaged cobblestones and damaged road and potholes. Buildings out of area of influence) Safety Continuous lighting Human being Operational life of road, Significant Negotiations during the night High sensitivity for with women Municipality Unlikely occurrence about (threat) extension of lighting times Accidents Improving due to Human being Operational life of road, Improvement / lighting, rehabilitated Very high sensitivity (road safety carriageway (project- for residents as improvements as a amelioration) pedestrians, drivers project-amelioration) of vehicles and construction workers Likely occurrence Economic Improving due to better Human being Operational life of road Improvement / displace- accessibility and road Medium sensitivity (road safety ment conditions (project- Likely occurrence improvements as a amelioration) (improved access) project-amelioration)
Sensitive Improving due to better Human being Operational life of road Improvement / locations accessibility, safety and High sensitivity (road safety road conditions Likely occurrence improvements as a (project-amelioration) (improved access) project-amelioration)
Land con- Full depth rehabilitation Land Operational life of road Insignificant (no / sumption within the right of way; High sensitivity (legal) permanent land no permanent land Unlikely occurrence consumption) consumption (no envisaged land take) Damage Project considers Plants Operational life of road, Improvement due to Planting of of roadside trees in High sensitivity additional trees being additional structures Komitas Street. (climatic function) planted (Insignificant) trees / alleys or Additional trees should Likely occurrence trees be planted. (additional trees will be planted) Social Enhanced safety due to Human being Operational life of road, Improvement / effects lighting and reinstated High sensitivity footway Likely occurrence (improved safety)
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Receptor / Sensitivity Measures / Impact Evaluation of Description / Likelihood of Duration / Level remaining Factor significance occurrence impact Visual Increased number of Landscape/Townscap Operational life of road, Improvement / impacts trees e/Scenery (land- Low sensitivity scape) Likely occurrence Surface Komitas street passes Surface water Operational life of road, Improvement due to / water small river High sensitivity enhancement of Unlikely occurrence drainage system (accidents) Table 15: Impact assessment for Komitas Street
6.5.5. Gertsen Street
Receptor / Sensitivity Measures / Impact Evaluation of Description / Likelihood of Duration / Level remaining Factor significance occurrence impact Construction phase Noise The full-depth Human being Construction period The noise is emissions Ear protection reconstruction with High sensitivity construction workers are limited to a certain (PPE) for typical noise levels of (residential areas) (2.5 years) period. For residents construction Principal Construction (depending on noise For residents shorter and rather short workers Equipment ranges level emitted and (range 2 – 5 months) (insignificant) between 75-98 dB (A). time) Equipment ranges (Excavation works) Likely occurrence between 75-98 dB (A). Construction workers (Excavation works) are exposed almost permanently (significant) Air Earthmoving, Human being Construction period 2-5 The generation of dust Concept of pollution asphalting and High sensitivity months is temporary and short compaction activities residential areas periodically during dry distances generate dust weather conditions. Sprinkling on Likely occurrence However, nuisance can haul roads occur up to 4 months Trucks will (significant) have canvas cover Construction workers Wind are exposed almost protection at permanently deposits (significant) Vibration Construction works and Human being Construction period 2-5 Identification of Monitoring of electrical works can be Medium-High months vibration intensive vibration accompanied by sensitivity works (construction exposed accidents. Occupational Likely occurrence concept). Rapid buildings Health and Safety can assessment of roadside be conducted building nearer than 7.5 inadequately m. Identification of conducted. Monitoring need (significant) Accidents Construction works and Human being Construction period (2- Significant Implementati / OHS / electrical works can be Very high sensitivity 5 months) for on of safety labour accompanied by for residents as construction workers measures and and accidents. Occupational OHS
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Receptor / Sensitivity Measures / Impact Evaluation of Description / Likelihood of Duration / Level remaining Factor significance occurrence impact working Health and Safety can pedestrians, drivers (2.5 years) measures. conditions be conducted of vehicles and Working inadequately construction workers equipment. conducted Likely occurrence Supervision and control Access- Construction of access Human being Construction period of Significant Construction ibility aids or bridges Very high sensitivity footway (4-8 weeks) (footway of access aids for residents as reconstruction) pedestrians, Likely occurrence Economic Accessibility of roadside Human being Footway and road Insignificant (block-wise / displace- businesses needs to be Medium sensitivity reconstruction (approx. construction), access ment ensured. 1x Restaurant (reserves for 4-8 weeks) through side roads requires an access aid. contingencies to be considered) Unlikely occurrence Sensitive No sensitive locations / / / / locations Damage Structures (e.g. Technical obstacles Construction period in Significant Fencing of of pipelines, electricity High sensitivity front of one block endangered structures boxes, substations) (technical obstacles should be protected by infrastructure supply) fences. Likely occurrence
Social Footways are not Human being Construction period in Insignificant / effects usable. Disturbance of Medium to high front of one block last Either footway or road daily life activities sensitivity for 2-5 months or side roads are usable Likely occurrence (blockwise construction) Constr. Construction works Landscape/Townscap Construction period in Insignificant / works disturbs townscape e/Scenery front of one block last disturbs Low sensitivity for 2-5 months town- Unlikely occurrence scape Surface / Construction works Groundwater / Construction period in Significant Fencing of Ground endanger ground water surface water front of one block last (construction waste is small river water (oil spills, sourcing of High sensitivity for 2-5 months often dumped in rivers Proper aggregates, storm Likely occurrence / creeks) dealing with water drainage), (oil spills, sourcing of hazardous Gertsen Street crosses aggregates, substances a small nameless river. inappropriate storm water drainage) Cultural Unexpected discovery Cultural heritage Construction period Significant Preparedness heritage High sensitivity (2.5 years) / Rapid Unlikely occurrence assessment Waste Construction waste Human being Overall construction Significant Proper (Building rubble, High sensitivity period (2.5 years) disposal of construction waste, Likely occurrence hazardous
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Receptor / Sensitivity Measures / Impact Evaluation of Description / Likelihood of Duration / Level remaining Factor significance occurrence impact Light bulbs) (waste generation) waste Operation phase Noise 2 dB(A) day and night Human being Operational life of road, Insignificant / (until 2020). High sensitivity Forecast horizon 5 (indicator remains (residential areas) years below defined (depending on noise + 2 dB (A) day / night threshold value) level emitted and time) Likely occurrence Air Due to low overall Human being Operational life of road Insignificant (indicator / pollution traffic load and low High sensitivity remains below defined heavy traffic ratio the residential areas threshold value) increase of traffic will not significantly Likely occurrence increase emission values Vibration Buildings 5 m from road Human being Operational life of road Insignificant / axis, Improvements due Low sensitivity (improvements due to to elimination of Unlikely occurrence elimination of potholes potholes and damaged road Buildings out of area of influence) Safety Continuous lighting Human being Operational life of road Significant Negotiations during the night High sensitivity for with women Municipality Unlikely occurrence about (threat) extension of lighting times Accidents Improving due to Human being Operational life of road Improvement / lighting, rehabilitated Very high sensitivity (road safety carriageway (project- for residents as improvements as a amelioration) pedestrians, drivers project-amelioration) of vehicles and construction workers Likely occurrence Economic Improving due to better Human being Operational life of road Improvement / displace- accessibility and road Medium sensitivity (road safety ment conditions (project- Likely occurrence improvements as a amelioration) (improved access) project-amelioration)
Sensitive Improving due to better Human being Operational life of road Improvement / locations accessibility, safety and High sensitivity (road safety road conditions Likely occurrence improvements as a (project-amelioration) (improved access) project-amelioration)
Land con- Full depth rehabilitation Land Operational life of road Insignificant (no / sumption within the right of way; High sensitivity (legal) permanent land no permanent land Unlikely occurrence consumption) consumption (no envisaged land
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Receptor / Sensitivity Measures / Impact Evaluation of Description / Likelihood of Duration / Level remaining Factor significance occurrence impact take) Damage No trees in Gertsen Plants Operational life of road, Improvement due to Planting of of street. Additional trees High sensitivity additional trees being additional structures should be planted. (climatic function) planted trees / alleys or Likely occurrence trees (additional trees will be planted) Social Enhanced safety due to Human being Operational life of road, Improvement / effects lighting and reinstated High sensitivity footway Likely occurrence (improved safety)
Visual Increased number of Landscape/Townscap Operational life of road, Improvement / impacts trees e/Scenery (land- Low sensitivity scape) Likely occurrence Surface Gertsen street crosses a Surface water Operational life of road, Improvement due to / water nameless creek High sensitivity enhancement of Unlikely occurrence drainage system (accidents) Table 16: Impact assessment for Gertsen Street
6.5.6. 11th Ani district Street and Mush II Link Road (Reserve List)
Receptor / Sensitivity Measures / Impact Evaluation of Description / Likelihood of Duration / Level remaining Factor significance occurrence impact Noise The full-depth Human being Construction period The noise is emissions Ear protection reconstruction with High sensitivity construction workers are limited to a certain (PPE) for typical noise levels of (residential areas) (2.5 years) period. For residents construction Principal Construction (depending on noise For residents shorter and rather short workers Equipment ranges level emitted and (range 2 – 5 months) (insignificant) between 75-98 dB (A). time) Equipment ranges (Excavation works) Likely occurrence between 75-98 dB (A). Construction workers (Excavation works) are exposed almost permanently (significant) Air Earthmoving, Human being Construction period 2-5 The generation of dust Concept of pollution asphalting and High sensitivity months is temporary and short compaction activities residential areas periodically during dry distances generate dust weather conditions. Sprinkling on Likely occurrence However, nuisance can haul roads occur up to 4 months Trucks will (significant) have canvas cover Construction workers Wind are exposed almost protection at permanently deposits (significant)
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Receptor / Sensitivity Measures / Impact Evaluation of Description / Likelihood of Duration / Level remaining Factor significance occurrence impact Vibration With full-depth Human being Construction period 2-5 Identification of Monitoring of reconstruction, Medium-High months vibration intensive vibration roadside is exposed to sensitivity works (construction exposed vibrations equivalent of Likely occurrence concept). Rapid buildings excavator / assessment of roadside jackhammer during the building nearer than 7.5 construction operation. m. Identification of Monitoring need (significant) Accidents Construction works and Human being Construction period (2- Significant Implementati / OHS / electrical works can be Very high sensitivity 5 months) for on of safety labour accompanied by for residents as construction workers measures and and accidents. Occupational pedestrians, drivers (2.5 years) OHS working Health and Safety can of vehicles and measures. conditions be conducted construction workers Working inadequately Likely occurrence equipment. conducted Supervision and control Access- Construction of access Human being Construction period of Significant Construction ibility aids or bridges Very high sensitivity footway (4-8 weeks) (footway of access aids for residents as reconstruction) pedestrians, drivers of vehicles and construction workers Likely occurrence Economic Accessibility of roadside Human being Construction period of Insignificant (block-wise / displace- businesses is possible Medium sensitivity footway (4-8 weeks) construction), access ment from P. Sevak Street (reserves for through side roads (Shops, Café) contingencies to be considered) Unlikely occurrence Sensitive No sensitive locations / / / / locations Damage Structures (e.g. Technical obstacles Construction period in Significant Fencing of of pipelines, electricity High sensitivity front of one block endangered structures boxes, substations) (technical obstacles and / alleys or should be protected by infrastructure supply) roadside trees trees fences. Likely occurrence Plants High sensitivity (townscape and climatically effects) Likely occurrence Social Footways are not Human being Construction period in Insignificant / effects usable. Disturbance of Medium to high front of one block last Either footway or road daily life activities sensitivity for 2-5 months or side roads are usable Likely occurrence (block wise construction) Constr. Construction works Landscape/Townscap Construction period in Insignificant / works front of one block last
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Receptor / Sensitivity Measures / Impact Evaluation of Description / Likelihood of Duration / Level remaining Factor significance occurrence impact disturbs disturbs townscape e/Scenery for 2-5 months town- Low sensitivity scape Unlikely occurrence Surface / Construction works Groundwater / Construction period in Significant Proper Ground endanger ground water surface water front of one block last (oil spills, sourcing of handling of water (oil spills, sourcing of High sensitivity for 2-5 months aggregates, hazardous aggregates, storm Likely occurrence inappropriate storm materials water drainage), No water drainage) surface waters Cultural Unexpected discovery Cultural heritage Overall Construction Significant Preparedness heritage High sensitivity period (2.5 years) / Rapid Unlikely occurrence assessment Waste Construction waste Human being Overall construction Significant Proper (Building rubble, High sensitivity period (2.5 years) disposal of construction waste, Likely occurrence hazardous Light bulbs) (waste generation) waste Operation phase Noise 0 dB(A) day / 1 dB (A) Human being Operational life of road, Insignificant / night (until 2020). High sensitivity Forecast horizon 5 (indicator remains (residential areas) years below defined (depending on noise 0 dB (A) day / + 1 dB threshold value) level emitted and (A) night time) Likely occurrence Air Due to low overall Human being Operational life of road Insignificant (indicator / pollution traffic load and low High sensitivity remains below defined heavy traffic ratio the residential areas threshold value) increase of traffic will not significantly Likely occurrence increase emission values Vibration Buildings 5 m from road Human being Operational life of road Insignificant / axis, Improvements due Low sensitivity (improvements due to to elimination of Unlikely occurrence elimination of potholes damaged cobblestones and damaged road and potholes. Buildings out of area of influence) Safety Continuous lighting Human being Operational life of road, Significant Negotiations during the night High sensitivity for with women Municipality Unlikely occurrence about (threat) extension of lighting times Accidents Improving due to Human being Operational life of road, Improvement / lighting, rehabilitated Very high sensitivity (road safety carriageway (project- for residents as improvements as a amelioration) pedestrians, drivers project-amelioration) of vehicles and construction workers Likely occurrence
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Receptor / Sensitivity Measures / Impact Evaluation of Description / Likelihood of Duration / Level remaining Factor significance occurrence impact Economic Improving due to better Human being Operational life of road Improvement / displace- accessibility and road Medium sensitivity (road safety ment conditions (project- Likely occurrence improvements as a amelioration) (improved access) project-amelioration)
Sensitive Improving due to better Human being Operational life of road Improvement / locations accessibility, safety and High sensitivity (road safety road conditions Likely occurrence improvements as a (project-amelioration) (improved access) project-amelioration)
Land con- Full depth rehabilitation Land Operational life of road Significant (permanent Modification sumption requires additional land Low sensitivity (land land consumption) in cadastral under the belonging to of the Municipality of maps the Gyumri Gyumri) Municipality Likely occurrence Damage Roadside trees in Ani Plants Operational life of road, Improvement due to / th of 11 street. Additional High sensitivity additional trees being structures trees should be (climatic function) planted / alleys or planted, especially Likely occurrence trees along the new link road. (additional trees will be planted) Social Enhanced safety due to Human being Operational life of road, Improvement / effects lighting and reinstated High sensitivity footway Likely occurrence (improved safety)
Visual Increased number of Landscape/Townscap Operational life of road, Improvement / impacts trees e/Scenery (land- Low sensitivity scape) Likely occurrence Surface No surface waters / / / / water Table 17: Impact assessment for 11th Ani plus Ani-Mush II link road
Regarding the significant impacts, the following summarizes the road-wise impact assessment. The mentioned impact factors will be addressed within the EMP (chapter 7) and the ESAP.
Impact factor Significance EMP Measure Construction phase Noise Significant Yes Air pollution Significant Yes Vibration Significant Yes Accidents / OHS / Labour and Working Conditions Accessibility Significant Yes
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Impact factor Significance EMP Measure Sensitive locations and cultural places Significant Yes Economic displacement Significant Yes Sensitive locations and cultural places Significant Yes Damage of structures / alleys or trees Significant Yes Surface / Ground water Significant Yes Cultural Heritage Significant Yes Waste Significant Yes Operation phase Safety Significant Yes Land consumption Significant Yes Table 18: Significant impact factors
The table also displays the benefits of the road refurbishment project which
Impact factor Improvement EMP Measure Construction phase No assets Operation phase Accidents / public safety Improvement No Economic displacement (business and Improvement No livelihood activities Sensitive locations Improvement No Damage of structures / alleys or trees Improvement Yes Social effects Improvement No Visual impacts (landscape) Improvement No Table 19: Improvements or benefits of the project
Concerning the aforementioned two tables the environmental and social risk lies within the conduction of the construction phase. All relevant mitigation measures refer to impacts of this project phase. Improvements and benefits are linked to the refurbishment project within the operation phase and the operational life of the roads. There are no further environmental and social measures required achieving the improvements, apart from the EMP and the ESAP.
6.6. Remaining Impact
There is no remaining impact which is not addressed by the mitigation measures of the EMP and the ESAP.
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7. ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN (EMP)
An Environment Management Plan (EMP) is produced subsequent to an EIA with the principal aim of managing environmental assets identified in the EIA, as well as what and where project-specific mitigation measures should be implemented.
Mitigation is defined as follows: Avoid the impact altogether by not taking a certain action or parts of an action Minimising impacts by limiting the degree or magnitude of the action and its implementation, e.g., by implementing construction measures to minimise impact Rectifying the impact by repairing, rehabilitating or restoring the affected environment Reducing or eliminating the impact over time by preservation and maintenance operations during the life of the action, e.g., by changing behaviour Compensating for the impact by replacing or providing substitute resources or environments
The sequence of preference for measures is:
Repair or Avoid Minimise Reduce Compensate restore
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Con- Asset / Measure type and mitigation and compensation Respon- Monitoring Impact description flict no. Indicator measures sibility measures Conflicts and measures - Construction phase Human being All streets envisaged for rehabilitation Mitigation measures C1 Man Occupational Health and Safety / Labour and Occupational Health and Safety / Labour and Working Construction Site Working Conditions Conditions company incl. supervision Site Conduct a risk assessment before the The following issues have to be clearly identified: supervision construction phase is started. Clear identification of preventive and protective
measures as described in C1. Provision of appropriate equipment Project Training in safety procedures and protective Implementati equipment on Unit (PIU) Documentation and reporting of occupational accidents Emergency preparedness C2 Man Accidents Accidents Construction Site company incl. supervision Construction workers are especially prone to The construction site should be provided with site Site accidents. Work on electrical installations and supervision for labour safety issues. supervision equipment is linked with danger. Workers can The following measures should be taken in regard to be endangered during the construction works occupational health and safety, especially in regard to and electrical works at the construction sites the avoidance of accidents: Project Avoid mobilization of heavy equipment at night Implemention Fencing-off site to prevent unauthorized access Unit (PIU) Oversize vehicles should display warnings such as flashing lights Warning and/or precaution signs on safety Instruction on health and safety First aid facilities at the construction sites
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Con- Asset / Measure type and mitigation and compensation Respon- Monitoring Impact description flict no. Indicator measures sibility measures Use of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Emergency plan Response arrangements C3 Man Accessibility Accessibility Construction Site company incl. supervision Accessibility and roadside houses need to be Construction of access aids (wooden or metal interim Site ensured. This is relevant during the footway constructions) supervision reconstruction. and
Project Implemention Unit (PIU) C4 Man Sensitive locations Sensitive locations Construction Site company incl. supervision In several streets are sensitive locations like The projected rehabilitation works have to be Site schools, kindergartens and scientific coordinated with the adjoining type of use. supervision institutions or religious places. Restrictions concerning noise intensive works during and certain timeframes are to be coordinated with the Municipality construction conception. of Gyumri The constructions works are only likely to „Church“: restricted works during holy mass. potentially disturb the locations within the full- replacement refurbishments. „School“: coordinate the noise intensive part of construction with vacations. Project Traffic guarding for students in front of schools Implemention Unit (PIU) Noise All streets projected for rehabilitation Mitigation measures C5 Noise Noise Construction Site company incl. supervision The reconstruction will come along with noise Ear protection (PPE) for construction workers Site levels of Principal Construction Equipment
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Con- Asset / Measure type and mitigation and compensation Respon- Monitoring Impact description flict no. Indicator measures sibility measures ranges between 75-98 dB (A). (Excavation supervision works). Construction workers are exposed
quasi permanently to this impact. Project Implemention Unit (PIU) Air pollution All streets projected for rehabilitation Mitigation measures C6 Man Emission of dust Emission of dust Construction Site company incl. supervision Potential impact due to the emission of dust Trucks have to have canvas cover to prevent loss Site during the transport of construction material of dust emitting material. supervision and construction works (earthmoving). Milling Sprinkling of haul roads off asphalt, asphalting and compaction works Conception of short distances can cause dust emissions. Wind protection at deposits Project Implemention Unit (PIU) Vibration All streets projected for rehabilitation Monitoring measures C7 Man Vibration Vibration Construction Site company supervision Within the roads envisaged for full replacement Identification of vibration intensive works by the works the roadside is exposed to vibrations construction concept. Rapid assessment of roadside Site equivalent of an excavator / jackhammer building nearer than 7.5 m. Identification of supervision during the construction phase Monitoring needs at buildings along the roadside. Biodiversity/ Roadside trees Mitigation measures Landscape C8 Roadside trees Roadside trees Construction Site company incl. supervision Trees are likely to be affected by construction Roadside trees are to be protected by fences. Affected Site equipment. trees should be replaced. Additional trees should be
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Con- Asset / Measure type and mitigation and compensation Respon- Monitoring Impact description flict no. Indicator measures sibility measures planted where appropriate. supervision
Project Implemention Unit (PIU) Water All streets projected for rehabilitation Mitigation measures C9 Surface and Waste Waste Construction Site Ground Water company incl. supervision Waste, waste water and construction material Waste has to be separated safely and be removed to a Site can spoil water quality and the fertility of soils. proper and approved dumping site. supervision Further downstream the potentially spoiled Dangerous materials have to be stored and disposed water can endanger the drinking water supply. of safely and correctly. Proper locations for construction waste disposal Project should be identified. Implemention is the following materials have to be disposed:: Unit (PIU) Old street lights Construction waste (asphalt rubble and granulate from milling procedures) Spontaneous dumped Construction waste from the site of the Ani-Mush II Link road. Waste and waste construction materials as well as waste waters from constructions site must not be deposited in adjoining rivers. This has to be considered especially in Komitas, Gertsen, Rustaveli, Vazgen Sargsyan Street. C10 Surface and Hazardous material Hazardous material Construction Site Ground Water company incl. supervision Spills of fuel can also endanger the water Fuel will be stored above the surface with Site catchment pans situated below each fuel storage
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Con- Asset / Measure type and mitigation and compensation Respon- Monitoring Impact description flict no. Indicator measures sibility measures quality of surface and groundwater device to prevent any uncontrolled ingress of fuel supervision into the water and soils.
Accidental spillage of oil and lubricant will be immediately cleared. Project Implemention To avoid contamination from fuel and lubricants, Unit (PIU) the vehicle and equipment will be properly maintained and refuelling / maintenance of vehicles will not be done near the bridge sites. Diesel generator sets will be placed on a cement concrete platform with an oil and grease trap to control the oil ingress into soil/ water bodies. C11 Cultural Cultural heritage Cultural heritage Construction Site heritage company incl. supervision Unexpected discovery of cultural heritage Preparedness Site (archaeological site) through the conduction of Rapid assessment and salvage if appropriate supervision construction works
Project Implemention Unit (PIU) Conflicts and measures - Operation phase Safety impacts All streets projected for rehabilitation Mitigation measure O1 Lighting Lighting Municipality of Gyumri Continuous lighting during the night Negotiations with Municipality about extension of lighting times Social and Ani 11th –Mush II link road Mitigation measure economic impacts
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Con- Asset / Measure type and mitigation and compensation Respon- Monitoring Impact description flict no. Indicator measures sibility measures O2 Land Land acquisition Land acquisition Municipality acquisition of Gyumri Land acquisition is quantified by the right of The required land for the new road belongs to the way required by the Mush II - Ani Link road. Gyumri Municipality. An adaption concerning the new road has to be made within the cadastral maps.
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8. POLICY REQUIREMENT TABLE
The aim of is document is to review the Gyumri Urban Roads project’s compliance with the EBRD Environmental and Social Policy 2008. The EBRD Policy from 2008 refers to other relevant standards or legislations which have to be considered related to the mentioned topic. The related standards and legislations are mentioned below. The issue of compliancy related to these complementary documents is described in the framework of topics of the EBRD policy requirements.
Other standards of relevance ILO (International Labour Standards) [hereinafter: ILO]
EU-Directives The EIA-Directive – Directive 2014/52/EU of the European Parliament and the Council of April 16, 2014 amending Directive 2011/92/EU on the assessment of the effects of certain public and private projects [hereinafter: EU-EIA].
NON-COM- COMMENTS/ PR NR. PR / ISSUE STATUS PLIANCE DOCUMENT RECOMMENDATIONS AREAS 1 Environmental Environmental and Compliancy Environmental and Social and Social social appraisal impacts and issues associated Appraisal and with the envisaged operations ESIA Management and the project are assessed as by this study Environmental and Compliancy ESAP is part elaborated Social Action Plan ESAP (ESAP) Organizational Envisaged In order to achieve compliancy: capacity and compliancy Prospective employees need to commitment (Follow-up fulfil certain education process) ESAP requirements, Sufficient management commitment and human resources Managing Envisaged In order to achieve compliancy: contractors compliancy Contractors have to accept (Follow-up ESAP requirements formulated by the process) ESAP Performance Envisaged In order to achieve compliancy: monitoring and compliancy Monitoring conduction is review (Follow-up ESAP envisaged to be operated by the process) Environmental site supervision 2 Labour and Management of Envisaged In order to achieve compliancy: Working worker relationship compliancy Working conditions and human Conditions (Follow-up ESAP resources have to be in process) accordance labour legislation.
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NON-COM- COMMENTS/ PR NR. PR / ISSUE STATUS PLIANCE DOCUMENT RECOMMENDATIONS AREAS Human resources Envisaged In order to achieve compliancy: policies compliancy Adoption of human resources (Follow-up ESAP policies among working and process) labour policies Working Partially Gyumri In order to achieve compliancy: relationships compliant Municipality has Requirements have to be deals employment to wages, working conditions, policies. These ESAP compensations over overtime policies have to and social benefits (maternity, be reviewed illness and holiday). and adjusted. Working conditions Envisaged In order to achieve compliancy: and terms of compliancy Official staff will be trained. employment (Follow-up ESAP Inadequate training of staff has process) to be avoided Forced labour and Envisaged In order to achieve compliancy: child labour compliancy Development of policy which (Follow-up prohibits child and forced labour process) for any potential bidder. The ESAP consideration of this issues is a core issue of the ILO Convention [ILO] Non-discrimination Currently Absence of In order to achieve compliancy: and equal non- responsible Engagement of persons who are ESAP opportunity compliant person for responsible for equal workers equal Envisaged opportunities. New policies opportunities at compliancy enable flexible working times, the Gyumri (Follow-up child care programmes (Capacity Municipality SEP process) building)
Organisations Envisaged In order to achieve compliancy: wages, benefits and compliancy Develop formal employment conditions of work (Follow-up policies to cover areas the terms process) of employment in EBRD PR2 (discrimination, wages and ESAP collective bargaining, working hours, grievance, harassment, dismissal, bullying, stress, bribery and corruption) Retrenchment Envisaged In order to achieve compliancy: compliancy Develop formal employment (Follow-up policies to cover areas the terms process) ESAP of employment in EBRD PR2 (dismissal, shortening of income). Grievance Envisaged In order to achieve compliancy: ESAP mechanism compliancy Grievance mechanism
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NON-COM- COMMENTS/ PR NR. PR / ISSUE STATUS PLIANCE DOCUMENT RECOMMENDATIONS AREAS (Follow-up addressing work condition process) issues (related to PR 2, ILO) Non-employee Envisaged In order to achieve compliancy: workers compliancy Ascertain that contractor (Follow-up dealing with non-employee ESAP process) workers are reputable and legitimate enterprises Supply chain Envisaged In order to achieve compliancy: compliancy Ascertain that contractors of the (Follow-up ESAP supply chain are reputable and process) legitimate enterprises
3 Pollution General Envisaged In order to achieve compliancy: Prevention and compliancy ESIA Realization of EMP mitigation Abatement (Follow-up measures process) ESAP Monitoring if required by the environmental site supervision Pollution Envisaged In order to achieve compliancy: ESIA prevention, compliancy Realization of EMP mitigation resource (Follow-up measures conservation and process) energy efficiency Monitoring if required by the ESAP environmental site supervision Wastes Envisaged In order to achieve compliancy: ESIA compliancy Granulate has to be collected
(Follow-up and disposed properly. process) ESAP
Safe use and Envisaged In order to achieve compliancy: management of compliancy ESIA (EMP) Construction phase under hazardous (Follow-up environmental supervision. substances and process) Adequate Equipment. materials Observance of mitigation ESAP measures Emergency Envisaged In order to achieve compliancy: ESIA preparedness and compliancy Emergency preparedness and response (Follow-up response is required to be part process) of the operation concept of the ESAP operating firm Industrial Not
production applicable Ambient Compliancy Ambient environments considerations (previous impacts, preloads from secondary sources) are ESIA considered. Risks to the environment are considered in ESIA.
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NON-COM- COMMENTS/ PR NR. PR / ISSUE STATUS PLIANCE DOCUMENT RECOMMENDATIONS AREAS Greenhouse gas Not
emissions applicable Pesticide use and Not No pesticides foreseen to be use
management applicable for pest-control. 4 Community Community health Compliancy Evaluate health risk of close-by ESIA Health, Safety and and safety communities during project Security requirements phases. Apply measures (avoidance and minimising, etc.) ESAP
Infrastructure and Currently Light is partly In order to achieve compliancy: ESIA equipment safety non - missing. Light is Renewal of equipment, lighting compliant absent some is accompanied with higher time at night technical standards and extended duration. Envisaged Improvements in noise nuisance ESAP compliancy and safety are expected. (Follow-up process) Hazardous Envisaged Inadequate In order to achieve compliancy: materials safety compliancy storage and Hazardous materials are to be (Follow-up dealing with identified by the operating process) hazardous company and the site materials supervision control. The ESAP substances have to be handed accordingly in order to avoid harmful impacts on the communities.
Environmental and Envisaged In order to achieve compliancy: natural resources compliancy Impacts to air, soil, water and ESIA issues (Follow-up vegetation are minimised and process) avoided by observance of mitigation measure of the EMP. The environmental site supervision controls the ESAP implementation according to the rules. Community Not
exposure to disease applicable Emergency Envisaged In order to achieve compliancy: preparedness and compliancy ESIA Accidents may occur during response (Follow-up construction phase even though process) OHS standards are respected. Emergency preparedness and ESAP response is required to be provided Security personnel Envisaged In order to achieve compliancy: ESIA compliancy
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NON-COM- COMMENTS/ PR NR. PR / ISSUE STATUS PLIANCE DOCUMENT RECOMMENDATIONS AREAS requirements (Follow-up Construction area is planned to process) be fenced and trespassing is ESAP prohibited to unauthorized personnel. 5 Land General Compliancy Private Property is not affected. ESIA Acquisition, The required land for Ani-Mush Involuntary II link road is belonging to the Resettlement and Municipality of Gyumri Economic ESAP Displacement
Resettlement Not No voluntary or involuntary Action Plan (RAP) applicable resettlement. Therefore a RAP is not necessary Livelihood Not Due to fast construction process Restoration applicable and guaranteed access to Framework (LRF) business and housing 24 h/7 ESIA days economic displacement can be excluded. Compensation and Not No economic displacement benefits for applicable ESIA displaced persons Displacement No economic displacement (Economic ESIA displacement) Physical No physical displacement ESIA displacement
Loss of public No loss of public amenities ESIA amenities Private sector No such cases due to absent responsibilities resettlement under government- ESIA managed resettlement 6 Biodiversity Appraisal of issue Compliancy Vulnerable or critically ESIA Conservation and and impacts endangered species were not Sustainable observed (IUCN species) Management of
Living Resources ESAP
Habitat protection Compliancy Protected species were not and conservation observed. ESIA (Modified habitats, Natural habitats) ESAP
Critical habitats Not Critical habitat were not
applicable identified
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NON-COM- COMMENTS/ PR NR. PR / ISSUE STATUS PLIANCE DOCUMENT RECOMMENDATIONS AREAS Protected and Not Protected and designated areas
designated areas applicable are not affected Invasive alien Compliancy Urban habitat. Planting new ESIA species trees focuses on local trees.
ESAP
Sustainable Envisaged In order to achieve compliancy: ESIA management and compliancy Impacts to air, soil, water and use of living (Follow-up vegetation are minimised and resources process) avoided by observance of mitigation measure of the EMP. The environmental site supervision controls the ESAP implementation according to the rules. Genetically Not modified organisms applicable (GMOs) Natural and Not No reforestation envisaged plantation forestry applicable
Supply chain Not applicable for PR 6 in case of
the project Biodiversity and The setting of the project is not
tourism related to tourism issues
7 Indigenous Assessment (PR 7 not No Indigenous people identified People applicable in the project area
in Armenia)
Avoidance of Subtopics therefore not relevant
adverse effects Preparation of an Indigenous Peoples
Development Plan (IPDP) Information / disclosure, meaningful
consultation and informed participation Grievance / mechanism and prevention of ethnically based discrimination
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NON-COM- COMMENTS/ PR NR. PR / ISSUE STATUS PLIANCE DOCUMENT RECOMMENDATIONS AREAS Compensation and /
benefit-sharing Impacts on / traditional or
customary lands under use Relocation of / Indigenous Peoples
from traditional or customary lands Cultural resources / 8 Cultural heritage Appraisal Compliancy No cultural heritage identified ESIA
Managing impacts Envisaged In order to achieve compliancy: on cultural heritage compliancy In case of cultural heritage (Follow-up identified during construction process) ESAP works. Preparedness is required and archaeological experts are to be contacted. Project’s use of Not Not affected
cultural heritage applicable 9 Financial Environmental and PR 9 is not applicable intermediaries social due diligence
and monitoring procedures
Requirements for /
subprojects Organisational / capacity within the FI Reporting to the /
EBRD Stakeholder /
engagement 10 Information Engagement during Compliancy Information disclosure is Disclosure and project preparation planned for the implementation SEP Stakeholder of this project Engagement
Stakeholder Stakeholder Identification Plan engagement plan (SEP) is prepared within the SEP Environmental and Social Due Diligence.
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NON-COM- COMMENTS/ PR NR. PR / ISSUE STATUS PLIANCE DOCUMENT RECOMMENDATIONS AREAS Information Envisaged In order to achieve compliancy: disclosure compliancy SEP Information disclosure required (Follow-up by national and institutional process) framework involving suitable information paths (press, TV,..). Organisation of public hearings ESIA (RA EIA Law, SEP) and disclosure due to EBRD requirements. Meaningful Not Category B project consultation applicable (disclosure and consultation on Category A projects) Engagement during Envisaged In order to achieve compliancy: project compliancy Information disclosure by implementation (Follow-up organisation of public hearings SEP and external process) (RA EIA Law, SEP). Local reporting languages, etc. Grievance Envisaged In order to achieve compliancy: mechanism compliancy SEP includes a grievance (Follow-up mechanism procedure for SEP process) notification of project-related complaints Corporate finance Not Not applicable due to a non- applicable multi-site project
Abbreviations
SEP: Stakeholder Engagement Plan ESIA: Environmental and Social Impact Assessment ESAP: Environmental and Social Action Plan (EMP): Environmental Management Plan
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9. REFERENCES
ADB (2014): City Development Plan of Gyumri. ADB (2010): Armenia: Preparing the North-South Road Corridor Development Project. Technical Assistance Consultant’s Report. Working Document No. 4 ADB (2014): Armenia: Urban Development in Secondary Cities. City Development Plan Gyumri. Air quality in Asia: Status and Trends (2010): Clean Air Initiative for Asian Cities (CAI-Asia) Center. Manila Austrian Federal Ministry of Environment & University of Graz (2014): Noise estimations for roads. In: http://www.laerminfo.at/situation/laermrechner.html. European Bank for Reconstruction and Development (EBRD) (2008): Environmental and Social Policy. London. EIA-Directive – Directive 2014/52/EU of the European Parliament and the Council of April 16, 2014 amending Directive 2011/92/EU on the assessment of the effects of certain public and private projects [hereinafter: EU-EIA]. IFC, International Finance Corporation (2007): Stakeholder Engagement: A good Practice Handbook for Companies Doing Business in Emerging Markets. Washington, D.C. ILO (International Labour Standards) in applicable version Office for Official Publications of the European Communities (2001): Guidance on EIA. Scoping. Luxembourg. RA Law: The Law of the Republic of Armenia (on Environmental Impact assessment) In: http://www.parliament.am/legislation.php?sel=show&ID=2115&lang=eng (26.11.2014) RA Law: The Constitution of the Republic of Armenia (with amendments) In: http://www.parliament.am/legislation.php?sel=show&ID=1&lang=eng. (26.11.2014). RVS 04.02.12 (2013): Environmental Protection: Air pollution. Dispersion of airborne pollutants from transport and routes and tunnel portals. Austrian Research Association for Roads, Railroad and Transport. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Noise from Construction Equipment and Operations. Building Equipment and Home Appliances. NJID. 300.1. December 31. 1971 Verkehrslärmschutzverordnung vom 12.Juni 1990 (BGBl. i.S 1036). [German road noise level regulation from 1990]. World Health Organisation (2005): Air quality guidelines for particulate matter, ozone, nitrogen, dioxide and sulphur dioxide. Global update 2005. Summary of risk assessment. Geneva. World Health Organisation (2009): Night noise guidelines for Europe. Copenhagen.
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