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Les Modernes D'egypte: Une Renaissance Transnationale Des Beaux-Arts Et Des Arts Appliqués

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Les Modernes D'egypte: Une Renaissance Transnationale Des Beaux-Arts Et Des Arts Appliqués 3 3 Cet ouvrage explore un moment clef du développement de l’art moderne égyptien, lorsque sont définis les fondements d’une nouvelle pratique artistique au début du 20ème siècle. Basé sur un important travail de terrain mené en Egypte et sur des documents d’archives jusqu’ici inexplorés, il se centre sur une génération de peintres et de sculpteurs appelés les pionniers (al-ruwwad). Formés dans des institutions telles que l’Ecole des Beaux- Arts du Caire, leur production s’inscrit dans un mouvement de renaissance artistique et reflète les multiples interactions transculturelles entre l’Egypte et l’Europe. Cette étude offre ainsi un regard nouveau sur ces artistes qui ont posé les jalons du modernisme égyptien et met en lumière une production jusqu’ici peu étudiée. Tandis que l’on aborde aujourd’hui l’histoire de l’art dans une perspective globale à la lumière de circulations, d’échanges et de réseaux, elle offre un point d’ancrage permettant de mieux appréhender les dynamiques et les enjeux actuels de l’art contemporain au Moyen-Orient. Les modernes d’EgypteLes modernes Middle East, Social and Cultural Studies Social Cultural and East, Middle Etudes culturellesEtudes et sociales Moyen-Orient sur le Nadia Radwan est historienne de l’art et enseigne à l’Université de Berne, où elle occupe la chaire de World Art History. Dans la même institution, elle dirige le programme doctoral Global Studies – Walter Benjamin Kolleg. Ses recherches portent sur les arts visuels modernes au Moyen-Orient et Nadia Radwan les pratiques muséales dans une perspective globale. Elle est l’auteure de Radwan Nadia nombreux articles sur l’art et l’architecture modernes en Egypte. Les modernes d’Egypte Une renaissance transnationale ISBN 978-3-0343-2133-4 des Beaux-Arts et des Arts appliqués Peter Lang www.peterlang.com Peter Lang 3 3 Cet ouvrage explore un moment clef du développement de l’art moderne égyptien, lorsque sont définis les fondements d’une nouvelle pratique artistique au début du 20ème siècle. Basé sur un important travail de terrain mené en Egypte et sur des documents d’archives jusqu’ici inexplorés, il se centre sur une génération de peintres et de sculpteurs appelés les pionniers (al-ruwwad). Formés dans des institutions telles que l’Ecole des Beaux- Arts du Caire, leur production s’inscrit dans un mouvement de renaissance artistique et reflète les multiples interactions transculturelles entre l’Egypte et l’Europe. Cette étude offre ainsi un regard nouveau sur ces artistes qui ont posé les jalons du modernisme égyptien et met en lumière une production jusqu’ici peu étudiée. Tandis que l’on aborde aujourd’hui l’histoire de l’art dans une perspective globale à la lumière de circulations, d’échanges et de réseaux, elle offre un point d’ancrage permettant de mieux appréhender les dynamiques et les enjeux actuels de l’art contemporain au Moyen-Orient. Les modernes d’EgypteLes modernes Middle East, Social and Cultural Studies Social Cultural and East, Middle Etudes culturellesEtudes et sociales Moyen-Orient sur le Nadia Radwan est historienne de l’art et enseigne à l’Université de Berne, où elle occupe la chaire de World Art History. Dans la même institution, elle dirige le programme doctoral Global Studies – Walter Benjamin Kolleg. Ses recherches portent sur les arts visuels modernes au Moyen-Orient et Nadia Radwan les pratiques muséales dans une perspective globale. Elle est l’auteure de Radwan Nadia nombreux articles sur l’art et l’architecture modernes en Egypte. Les modernes d’Egypte Une renaissance transnationale des Beaux-Arts et des Arts appliqués Peter Lang www.peterlang.com Peter Lang Les modernes d’Egypte Etudes culturelles et sociales sur le Moyen Orient Cette collection vise à approfondir la réflexion sur les rencontres, les conflits et les transformations qui ont eu lieu au Moyen-Orient à partir du XVème siècle jusqu’au présent et même au-delà. Elle souhaite recevoir des propositions venant des sciences sociales et humaines prenant en considération l’adoption, le développement ou la réélaboration de phénomènes sociaux et culturels fondamentaux dans l’aire du Moyen-Orient, conçu dans son acception la plus large, à n’importe quel moment de l’histoire entre le XVème siècle et l’âge contemporain avec une attention particulière à leurs futures implications. Elle met l’accent sur l’approche socio-anthropologique et historique dans le but de produire des analyses des systèmes symboliques et des pratiques sociales des différentes sociétés de cette région du monde. Directeurs Wendy Shaw, Université Libre de Berlin Irene Maffi, Université de Lausanne Silvia Naef, Université de Genève Comité scientifique Vincent Bisson, Chercheur de géographie politique à l’Observatoire des Pays Arabes à Paris Mounia Bennani-Chraïbi, Professeure de sciences politiques, Université de Lausanne Nancy Um, Professeure associée d’histoire de l’art, Université de Binghamton Mauro Van Aken, Professeur assistant d’anthropologie sociale, Université de Milano-Bicocca PETER LANG Bern · Bruxelles · Frankfurt am Main · New York · Oxford · Warszawa · Wien Nadia Radwan Les modernes d’Egypte Une renaissance transnationale des Beaux-Arts et des Arts appliqués PETER LANG Bern · Bruxelles · Frankfurt am Main · New York · Oxford · Warszawa · Wien Information bibliographique publiée par « Die Deutsche Bibliothek » « Die Deutsche Bibliothek » répertorie cette publication dans la « Deutsche Nationalbibliografie » ; les données bibliographiques détaillées sont disponibles sur le site http://dnb.ddb.de. Illustration de couverture : Ragheb Ayad, Le champ, encre sur papier, 1953 (Détail). Musée d’Art moderne égyptien, Le Caire. L’étape de la prépresse de cette publication a été soutenue par le Fonds national suisse de la recherche scientifique. Ouvrage publié avec le soutien du Décanat de Faculté des Lettres de l’Université de Genève. ISSN 1663-6384 DOI 10.3726/b12120 ISBN 978-3-0343-2133-4 pb. ISBN 978-3-0343-2702-2 ePDF ISBN 978-3-0343-2703-9 EPUB ISBN 978-3-0343-2704-6 MOBI Open Access: Cette œuvre est mise à disposition selon les termes de la Licence Creative Commons Attribution - Pas d’Utilisation Commerciale - CC-BY- NC-ND 4.0. Pour consulter une copie de cette licence, visitez le site internet https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ Nadia Radwan 2017 Wabernstrasse 40, CH-3007 Berne, Suisse [email protected], www.peterlang.com A Lilo, Samir et Karim Radwan Table des matières Note sur la translittération ................................................................... 11 Liste des illustrations ............................................................................13 Avant-propos ........................................................................................ 21 Préface .................................................................................................23 Remerciements .....................................................................................27 Introduction ......................................................................................29 1. Les pionniers et la nahda .................................................................29 2. Des histoires de l’art moderne égyptien ..........................................32 3. Note sur les sources ........................................................................37 Chapitre 1. Fragments d’une protohistoire ......................................39 1. Souverains orientaux et artistes européens ......................................39 2. L’Egypte et « sa poussière séculaire » aux expositions universelles ..... 51 3. Les salons d’art orientaliste à l’Opéra khédivial ............................... 61 4. L’enseignement des Arts appliqués ...................................................64 Chapitre 2. La renaissance des Beaux-Arts.......................................69 1. L’Ecole des Beaux-Arts du Caire : un projet expérimental ...............69 2. Comment faire revivre l’art arabe ? .................................................. 81 3. Les Beaux-Arts comme instrument du progrès ................................89 8 Les modernes d’Egypte Chapitre 3. Les missions scolaires : un dialogue transculturel entre l’Egypte et l’Europe ..................................................................97 1. Mahmoud Moukhtar, moderne parisien .......................................100 2. Le trio de Rome : Ragheb Ayad, Youssef Kamel et Mohamed Hassan ..................................................................... 107 3. Entre l’art, le droit et la diplomatie : Mohamed Naghi et Mahmoud Saïd ........................................................................ 118 4. Les artistes-pédagogues en Grande-Bretagne : Habib Gorgui ........126 Chapitre 4. Collectionneurs, mécènes et salons ............................. 135 1. Mohamed Mahmoud Khalil et la Société des Amis de l’Art .......... 135 2. Le rôle précurseur des « Dames égyptiennes » ............................... 146 3. La Chimère cosmopolite ...............................................................164 4. Un Montparnasse cairote : la Maison des Arts............................... 176 Chapitre 5. De l’atelier à l’espace public : peindre et sculpter la nation ............................................................................................ 185 1. Le Réveil de l’Egypte ...................................................................... 185 2. Le pharaonisme comme renouveau artistique ................................200 3. Mohamed Naghi, peintre d’histoire ..............................................205
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