Eindhoven University of Technology MASTER Civil Aviation in Tanzania
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Eindhoven University of Technology MASTER Civil aviation in Tanzania : directorate of civil aviation and the civil aviation restructuring program : an analysis of obstacles : design of a checklist methodology and a computerized data base for a condition and inventory survey of aerodromes van Poortvliet, Peter Award date: 1995 Link to publication Disclaimer This document contains a student thesis (bachelor's or master's), as authored by a student at Eindhoven University of Technology. Student theses are made available in the TU/e repository upon obtaining the required degree. The grade received is not published on the document as presented in the repository. The required complexity or quality of research of student theses may vary by program, and the required minimum study period may vary in duration. CIVIL AVIATION IN TANZANIA Directorate of Civil Aviation and the Civil Aviation Restructuring Program: an analysis of obstacles Design of a checklist methodology and a computerized data base for a condition and inventory survey of aerodromes Volume 1: Main report Peter van Poortvliet, August 1995 Supervisors Dr. P.E. Lapperre Ing. K. Monster Dr. Ir. A.M.C. Lemmens M.Sc. thesis 'International Technological Development Science' Faculty of Philosophy and Social Sciences, Eindhoven University of Technology Preface This report embodies the fmal research neces..o;;ary to obtain a Master of Science degree in "International Technologkal Development Sciences" at the Eindhoven University of Technology, the Netherlands. The contents of the report present the analysed experiences of a field study in Tanzania, carried out between October 1994 and April 1995 and conceming: (1) an analysis of obstacles with respect to the relation between the Directorate of Civil Aviation and the Civil Aviation Restructuring Program and (2) the design of a methodology to measure the condition and an inventory of the Tanzanian aerodromes. The six months field work period was carried out at the Directorate of Civil A viation-headquarters in Dar es Salaam, where assignment to the Aerodromes Department took place. Besides, several visits to aerodromes up-country were paid to assess the local infrastructural facilities. At this point, gratitude is extended to all persons mentioned in Appendix A, for giving their free assistance to this research, especially Mr. Katondo, Senior Operations Manager Airports, who gave his support right from the beginning and who showed me the real face of Tanzania's great hospitality. Furthermore, without the practical and moral support received from friends like Bart, the execution of the research would have been much more difficult. In this respect I cannot omit Ilse, who supported me mentally during the whole period. Last but not least, I want to thank my supervisors of the Eindhoven University of Technology in the Netherlands, Dr. P.E. Lapperre and Dr. Ir. A.M. Lemmens and both Ing. A.L. Franssen and Ing. K. Monster of the Rijks Luchtvaart Dienst in Hoofddorp, who all contributed to the results of the research. Most of all, I want to thank my first supervisor Dr. P.E. Lapperre for his criticism and advice, but above all his precious time. His dedication and enthusiasm to aviation business in general and to this research in particular, always motivated me and were a stimulation to continue. August 1995, Peter van Poortvliet cfo Prins Mauritsstraat 18 4698 BJ Oud-Vossemeer The Netherlands ii Table of contents of Volume I Preface ü Table of contents iii List of figures, tables and boxes vi Summary vii Glossary of abbreviations x I Theoretical rramework and background of the research I 1.1 Introduetion 1 1.1.1 Tanzanian civil aviation sector 1 1.1.2 Tamania's civil aviation infrastructure 2 1.1.3 Comparison withother countries: 2 1.2 Problem setting 4 1.2.1 Politica! background 4 1.2.2 DCA background 5 1.2.3 Aim of research 6 1.3 Research questions 6 1.4 Methodology 7 2 Airports in global perspective 13 2.1 Introduetion 13 2.2 The Tanzanian case 14 2.3 The business of airports 15 2.4 Changes in regulations and safety aspects 16 3 Directorate of Civil A viation: past, present and future I9 3.1 Introduetion 19 3.2 Institutional approach 20 3.3 Brief description of DCA in bistorical perspective 24 3.4 DCA prior to the Civil Aviation Restructuring Program 25 3.4.1 Economie sphere: labour 25 3.4.1.1 Wage levels 25 3.4.1.2 Staffing 27 3.4.1.3 Labour performance 28 3.4.2 Economie sphere: capital 29 3.4.2.1 Expenditures 29 3.4.2.2 Revenues 30 3.4.2.3 Budget 31 3.4.2.4 Capital goods 32 3.4.3 Economie sphere: organization 34 3.4.3 .1 Structure 34 3.4.3.2 Degree of control 35 3.4.4 Economie sphere: infrastructure 37 3.4.4.1 Communication 37 3.4.5 Educational sphere: skilis and knowledge 41 3.4.5.1 Degree of technica! skilis and knowledge 41 3.4.5.2 Degree of skilis and knowledge in the field of economics 42 3.4.5 .3 Internal training possibilities 43 3.5 Problems in a bird's-eye-view 44 iii 3.6 DCA after the Restructuring Program: a preliminary forecast 46 3.6.1 Introduetion 46 3.6.2 Possible future options 46 3.6.3 Economie sphere: Iabour 47 3.6.3.1 Wage level 47 3.6.3.2 Staffing 48 3.6.3.3 Labour performance 50 3.6.4 Economie sphere: capital 55 3.6.4.1 Expenditures 55 3.6.4.2 Revenues 56 3.6.4.3 Budget 57 3.6.4.4 Capital goods 57 3.6.5 Economie sphere: organization 58 3.6.5.1 Structure 58 3.6.5.2 Degree of control 59 3.6.6 Economie sphere: infrastructure 59 3.6.6.1 Communication 59 3.6.7 Educational sphere: skilis and knowledge 60 3.6.7.1 Degree of teclmical skilis and knowledge 60 3.6.7.2 Degree of skilis and knowledge in the field of economics 60 3.6.7 .3 Internal training possibilities 60 3.7 Future options in a bird's-eye-view 61 4 Variables affecting the Civil Aviation Restructuring Program 65 4.1 Introduetion 65 4.2 Economie sphere: Iabour 65 4.2.1 Wage levels 65 4.2.2 Experience 67 4.2.3 Work relations 67 4.2.4 Satisfaction 69 4.3 Economie sphere: capital 71 4.3.1 Available capital 71 4.3.2 Capital goods 72 4.4 Economie sphere: organization 72 4.4.1 Structure 72 4.4.2 Patriarchal structure 73 4.5 Economie sphere: infrastructure 73 4.5.1 Extent 73 4.5.2 Communication 80 4.6 Political sphere: policy plans 80 4.6.1 Development priorities 80 4.6.2 Cooperation between ministries 83 4.6.3 External policy plans 84 4.6.4 Internal policy plans 88 4.6.5 External pressure on performance 88 4.7 Political sphere: orientation 89 4.7.1 Socialist ideology 89 4.8 Educational sphere: skilis and knowledge 90 4.8.1 Level of skilis and knowledge 90 4.8.2 Internal training possibilities 90 4.8.3 External training possibilities 90 4.9 Social security sphere 91 4.9.1 Job security 91 4.9.2 Labour agreements 91 4.10 Kinship sphere 93 4.1 0.1 Extended family 93 4.10.2 Courage of criticizing 93 4.11 Overview of variables which are affecting the Restructuring Program 94 lV 5 Checklist methodology fora condition and inventory survey and computerized data base 101 5.1 Introduetion 101 5.2 Need for a new classification 102 5.2.1 Existing classification 102 5.2.2 Drawbacks of the existing classification 103 5.2.3 Improved classification 103 5.2.4 Classification criteria 105 5.3 Checklist methodology 108 5.3.1 Development of the checklist for group 1 109 5.4 Development of checklists group 2, 3 and 4 112 5.4.1 Group 2 112 5.4.2 Group 3 115 5.4.3 Group 4 118 5.5 Execution of inventory of aerodromes: a tender document 118 5.6 Data base 123 5.7 Roles of the complete methodology resumed 125 5.8 Final remark 125 6 Recommendations 127 Literature 131 Appendices A Assistance B Organizational chart of DCA, including major functions of each division C Peak hour and SBR movements for DIA D DCA's (estimated) expenditures for 1992/1993-1996/1997 E DCA's estimated revenues for 1994/1995 F All tasks and functions of each DCA division elaborated G Traffic forecasts for the Tanzanian aerodromes until 2001 H Elaboration on the questionnaire survey Map of Tanzania, including locations of test aerodromes V List of figures, tables and boxes Figures 1.1 Flow diagram of the technica! investigations during the field work period 9 1.2 Flow diagram of the social investigations during the field work period 10 3.1 The Civil Aviation Restructuring Program framework 19 3.2 Overview of expenditures in 1992/1993 29 3.3 Overview of revenues in 1994/1995 31 3.4 Aerodromes rnainterrance system based on priorities 33 3.5 Aerodromes inspeetion system 36 3.6 Channels and ways of communication, with respect to reporting da.mages etc. and the following actions 38 3.7 Channels and directionsof communication in case messages have to besent from the DCA headquarters 41 3.8 Development of passenger movements, staff and performance over the period 1981-2001 54 4.1 Score distribution of the 13 compact variables of the questionnaire 70 4.2 Annual international passenger movements 1990-2001 (forecasts) 76 4.3 Annual dornestic passenger movements 1990-2001 (forecasts) 76 4.4 International tourism trend in Tanzania in the period 1970-1998 85 4.5 Tourist arrival by air in the period 1987-1998 86 5.1 Flow diagram of the design of the checklist methodology 108 5.2 Structural tree of the data base (DAD) within the WP60 program 124 Tables 1.1 Comparison between Tanzania and other African Countries, with respect to productivity (extent) 3 1.2 Comparison between Tanzania and other countries, with respect to labour performance, based on data of 1990 3 1.3 Worldwide regional distribution of cargo and passengers in 1993 4 2.1 Peak and busy hour aircraft movements for Dar es Salaam International Airport and Kilirnanjaro International