European Investment in Tanzania: How European Investment Contributes to Industrialisation and Development in Tanzania

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European Investment in Tanzania: How European Investment Contributes to Industrialisation and Development in Tanzania EU market study:EU market study 17/10/2016 11:54 Page 1 European Investment in Tanzania: How European investment contributes to industrialisation and development in Tanzania Funded by the European Union EU market study:EU market study 17/10/2016 11:54 Page 2 European Investment in Tanzania: How European investment contributes to industrialisation and development in Tanzania Funded by the European Commission Written by Ashley Elliot © European Commission, Dar es Salaam, 2016 The content of this publication does not reflect the official opinion of the European Commission. Responsibility for the information and views expressed in the publication lies entirely with the author. "EU" refers to the European Union, and "EU+SN" to the members of the European Union and the Economic Free Trade Area (EFTA), unless otherwise indicated. For further inquiries or clarifications please contact [email protected]. A project implemented by consortium led by POHL CONSULTING & ASSOCIATES GMBH EU market study:EU market study 17/10/2016 11:54 Page 3 European Investment in Tanzania: How European investment contributes to industrialisation and development in Tanzania Funded by the European Union EU market study:EU market study 17/10/2016 11:55 Page 4 European Investment in Tanzania: How European investment contributes to industrialisation and development in Tanzania Foreword by Ambassador Roeland van de Geer, Head of the Delegation of the European Union to Tanzania and the East African Community As the Government of Tanzania and international partners join forces to lift millions of Tanzanians out of poverty, the role of trade and investment in the fight against poverty is increasingly recognised. In the Sustainable Development Goals, the private sector has been given a prominent place as a key partner to create a better life for those currently still living in poverty. Europe remains fully committed to close cooperation with Africa and in line with this commitment the European Commission has, on the 14th of September 2016, presented an ambitious 'External Investment Plan for Africa' to support investment on the African continent, to strengthen our partnerships, to promote a new model of participation of the private sector and to contribute to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals. To this end, the European Fund for Sustainable Development will be set up which is expected to trigger a total investment of EUR 44 billion – mobilising public and private investments in Africa. Today we are proud to say that the European Union remains Tanzania's largest trading partners with a total of USD 2 billion in trade in 2015. European firms also represent 68% of total Foreign Direct Investment flows in Tanzania (USD 1.2 billion). European companies which are large taxpayers paid USD 1.1 billion in domestic taxes in 2014, accounting for 25% of the taxes paid by large taxpayers in Tanzania that year. This goes to show that the over 1000 European companies and individuals, from large multinational corporations to small individual tourism ventures play a significant part in the development of the Tanzanian economy. This study shows the diversity of investment, jobs, and economic growth that European companies bring to Tanzania. It includes a number of exemplary case studies which show how the best of European technology and industrial development is supporting Tanzanian growth in almost all sectors of the economy. European innovation and capital is connecting people to mobile networks, building key infrastructure in Tanzania, and investing in mining, retail, tourism, oil and gas and so much more. All of these activities generate jobs and revenue for the people of Tanzania – well above what is provided in development financing from the EU. This publication discusses the competitive edge that Tanzania has in trade, investment and production and the challenges that it currently faces. It also contains clear recommendations on the way forward. The EU is committed to continue working with Tanzania and the East African Community and to strengthen the ties between our regions. Roeland van de Geer Head of the Delegation of the European Union to Tanzania and the East African Community 4 EU market study:EU market study 17/10/2016 11:55 Page 5 Foreword Foreword by EU Business Group Chairman Mr Morten Juul At a time in which Tanzania looks towards its next period of growth we are proud to be a partner of the Tanzanian Government in their work to improve the Tanzanian economy. The European Union Business Group was established to provide a united voice for the European private sector in Tanzania in their interaction with the Government of Tanzania, to act as a focal point of support and information for companies to understand legislation and policy change, and to support and improve trade between Europe and Tanzania. Tanzania offers a peaceful and stable environment, abundant natural resources and a favorable geographical location. There are ample opportunities for European investors to work alongside local investors to create an active and successful private sector and continue to build the economy. We hope that through continued dialogue we can build an environment which supports further EU investment in the country and we are ready and willing to share our skills and experience in order to resolve challenges within the current business environment. This publication showcases the value of European investors in Tanzania and the potential for further trade and investment between Tanzania and Europe. We are encouraged by the steps that are being already taken and are committed to continuing our relationship with the new Government as we go into the next phase of development for Tanzania. Mr Morten Juul European Union Business Group Chairman 5 EU market study:EU market study 17/10/2016 11:55 Page 6 European Investment in Tanzania: How European investment contributes to industrialisation and development in Tanzania 6 EU market study:EU market study 17/10/2016 11:55 Page 7 Contents Executive Summary 10 Chapter 4 Mining 50 1 Sector Outlook 50 Chapter 1 Overview of the Tanzanian Business 2 Sector Profile 51 Environment 14 2.1 The Gold Sector Overview 52 2.2 Other Minerals 54 Chapter 2 European Investment in Figures 22 3 Policy Context 54 1 Overview 22 4 Supply and Marketing Chain 56 2 EU+SN contribution to Foreign Direct 5 Key Challenges 61 Investment in Tanzania 23 5.1 Power and infrastructure shortfalls 61 3 EU+SN contribution to National-level 5.2 Regulatory uncertainty 61 Tax Contributions 26 5.3 Public perception of the 4 EU+SN Contribution to Employment mining industry 61 in Tanzania 29 5.4 Weak gold prices 62 5 European Companies: numbers, 5.5 Environmental and safety issues 62 nationalities, location and sectors 30 5.6 Artisanal mining 62 Chapter 3 Agriculture 31 Chapter 5 Upstream Oil and Gas 64 1 Sector Outlook 31 1 Sector Outlook 64 2 Sector Profile 31 1.1 Onshore Gas 64 2.1 Sub-sectors 33 1.2 Offshore Gas 64 3 Sector-wide Policy Context 34 2 Sector Profile 65 3.1 Policy challenges 35 2.1 Onshore gas sector 65 4 Supply and Marketing Chain 36 2.2 Offshore gas sector 67 4.1 Coffee and Tea 36 2.3 Outlook for Tanzania's LNG project 68 4.2 Coastal regions 37 2.4 Industry diversification 69 4.3 Morogoro region and the 2.5 Local participation 69 southern highlands 37 3 Policy Context 69 4.4 Northern Cluster 37 3.1 Local content 69 5 Key Sub-Sectors 38 3.2 Petroleum Act 2015 70 5.1 Coffee 38 4 Supply and Marketing Chain 71 5.2 Tea 38 5 Key Challenges 74 5.3 Horticulture 40 5.1 Slow and uneven implementation 5.4 Fisheries 40 of new legislation 74 5.5 Forestry 41 5.2 Lack of skilled local labour 74 5.6 Sugar 43 5.3 Bureaucratic restrictions on 5.7 Dairy 44 skilled expatriate labour 74 5.8 Agricultural inputs 45 5.4 Lack of a whole of government 6 Key Challenges 47 approach 74 6.1 Land Tenure Insecurity 47 5.5 Concerns about the GoT's 6.2 Uncertainty Regarding Leasing Policy 48 payment record and adherence 6.3 Lack of Regulatory Coordination 48 to contractual obligations 75 6.4 Lack of Regulatory Capacity 48 5.6 Infrastructure constraints 75 6.5 Poor Infrastructure 48 5.7 Gas pricing 75 6.6 Taxes and Export Barriers 49 5.8 Lack of transparency 75 6.7 Access to finance 49 5.9 Fiscal terms 76 6.8 Counterfeit products 49 7 EU market study:EU market study 17/10/2016 11:55 Page 8 European Investment in Tanzania: How European investment contributes to industrialisation and development in Tanzania Chapter 6 Manufacturing 77 4 Supply and Marketing Chain 105 1 Sector Outlook 77 4.1 European Investment in 2 Sector Profile 78 Tanzania's power sector 106 3 Policy Context 79 5 Key Challenges 107 3.1 Tanzania Export Processing 5.1 Failure to increase electricity Zone Authority (EPZA) 81 supply in pace with growing 4 Supply and Market Value Chain 82 electricity demand 107 5 Key Challenges 86 5.2 Disruption to hydropower 5.1 Over-regulation 86 generation due to climate change 107 5.2 Currency depreciation 87 5.3 Tanesco's structural insolvency 108 5.3 Unstable power supplies 87 5.4 Limited network coverage 108 5.4 Impact of cheap or illegal imports 87 5.5 Gaps in the institutional, 5.5 Technical and capacity challenges 87 regulatory and legal framework 108 Chapter 7 Construction and Real Estate 88 Chapter 9 Information and Communications 1 Sector Outlook 88 Technology (ICT) 109 2 Sector Profile 89 1 Sector Outlook 109 2.1 Overview 89 2 Sector Profile 110 2.2 Residential sector 89 2.1 Voice, mobile and internet access 110 2.3 Retail sector 89 2.2 Mobile financial services sector 110 2.4 Commercial
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