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Autobiography of Sir George Biddell Airy by George Biddell Airy 1
Autobiography of Sir George Biddell Airy by George Biddell Airy 1 CHAPTER I. CHAPTER II. CHAPTER III. CHAPTER IV. CHAPTER V. CHAPTER VI. CHAPTER VII. CHAPTER VIII. CHAPTER IX. CHAPTER X. CHAPTER I. CHAPTER II. CHAPTER III. CHAPTER IV. CHAPTER V. CHAPTER VI. CHAPTER VII. CHAPTER VIII. CHAPTER IX. CHAPTER X. Autobiography of Sir George Biddell Airy by George Biddell Airy The Project Gutenberg EBook of Autobiography of Sir George Biddell Airy by George Biddell Airy This eBook is for the use of anyone anywhere at no cost and with almost no restrictions whatsoever. You may copy it, give it away or re-use it under the terms of the Project Gutenberg Autobiography of Sir George Biddell Airy by George Biddell Airy 2 License included with this eBook or online at www.gutenberg.net Title: Autobiography of Sir George Biddell Airy Author: George Biddell Airy Release Date: January 9, 2004 [EBook #10655] Language: English Character set encoding: ISO-8859-1 *** START OF THIS PROJECT GUTENBERG EBOOK SIR GEORGE AIRY *** Produced by Joseph Myers and PG Distributed Proofreaders AUTOBIOGRAPHY OF SIR GEORGE BIDDELL AIRY, K.C.B., M.A., LL.D., D.C.L., F.R.S., F.R.A.S., HONORARY FELLOW OF TRINITY COLLEGE, CAMBRIDGE, ASTRONOMER ROYAL FROM 1836 TO 1881. EDITED BY WILFRID AIRY, B.A., M.Inst.C.E. 1896 PREFACE. The life of Airy was essentially that of a hard-working, business man, and differed from that of other hard-working people only in the quality and variety of his work. It was not an exciting life, but it was full of interest, and his work brought him into close relations with many scientific men, and with many men high in the State. -
Back Matter (PDF)
[ 395 ] INDEX TO THE PHILOSOPHICAL TRANSACTIONS, S e r ie s A, V o l . 193. A. Abney (W. de W.). The Colour Sensations in Terms of Luminosity, 259. Atmospheric electricity—experiments in connection with precipitation (Wilson), 289. Bakebian Lectube. See Ewing and Kosenhain. C. Colour-blind, neutral points in spectra found by (Abney), 259. Colour sensations in terms of luminosity (Abney), 259. Condensation nuclei, positively and negatively charged ions as (W ilson), 289. Crystalline aggregates, plasticity in (Ewing and Rosenhain), 353. D. Dawson (H. M.). See Smithells, Dawson, and Wilson VOL. CXCIII.— Ao : S F 396 INDEX. Electric spark, constitution of (Schuster and Hemsalech), 189; potential—variation with pressure (Strutt), 377. Electrical conductivity of flames containing vaporised salts (Smithells, Dawson, and Wilson), 89. Electrocapillary phenomena, relation to potential differences between‘solutions (Smith), 47. Electrometer, capillary, theory of (Smith), 47. Ewing (J. A.) and Rosenhain (W.). The Crystalline Structure of Metals.—Bakerian Lecture, 353. F. Filon (L. N. G ). On the Resistance to Torsion of certain Forms of Shafting, with special Reference to the Effect of Keyways, 309. Flames, electrical conductivity of, and luminosity of salt vapours in (Smithells, Dawson, and Wilson), 89. G. Gravity balance, quartz thread (Threlfall and Pollock), 215. H. Hemsalech (Gustav). See Schuster and Hemsalech. Hertzian oscillator, vibrations in field of (Pearson and Lee), 159. Hysteresis in the relation of extension to stress exhibited by overstrained iron (Muir), 1. I. Ions, diffusion into gases, determination of coefficient (Townsend), 129. Ions positively and negatively charged, as condensation nuclei (Wilson), 289. Iron, recovery of, from overstrain (Muir), 1. -
Was a Human Who Computed, Initially Entirely by Hand, with Mechanical Calculators, and Devices for Collating Data Stored on Punched Cards, More Common from the 1920S
Oxford’s female computing pioneers: Computing before the computer For centuries, until the 1950s, a “computer” was a human who computed, initially entirely by hand, with mechanical calculators, and devices for collating data stored on punched cards, more common from the 1920s. Records are sparse, but there are many examples where the work was done by women, often uncredited and unpaid. Florence Weldon (1858–1936), Mary Blagg FRAS (1858–1944) studied mathematics at Girton was a self-taught mathematician College Cambridge, and worked living in Cheshire, who became closely with her husband, Raphael interested in astronomy in her Weldon, Oxford’s Linacre Chair 40s, and worked, unpaid, with of Zoology, applying techniques Oxford’s Savilian Professor of developed by the statisticians Astronomy, Herbert Hall Turner, Francis Galton and Karl to analyse data on variable stars, Pearson to biological data. and to catalogue features on the moon’s surface. She noted the For example, in 1892, 23 “very considerable labour” measurements were taken from required in the reconciliation each of 1000 adult female shore of substantial conflicting data crabs from the Bay of Naples, sources. Likewise with no formal and analysed to show that 22 of qualifications,Ethel Bellamy the 23 features were normally FRAS (1881–1960) was employed distributed, and one was bimodal. at the Radcliffe Observatory for In his lifetime Weldon’s papers over 50 years, working on star did not mention his wife: catalogues. From 1913–1946 manuscripts completed by she edited the International Crystallographers and pre-digital computing devices, CalTech, 1947 Pearson after his death Seismological Summary, acknowledge “F. -
Fine Books, Manuscripts, Atlases & Historical Photographs
Fine Books, Manuscripts, Atlases & Historical Photographs Montpelier Street, London I 4 December 2019 Fine Books, Manuscripts, Atlases & Historical Photographs Montpelier Street, London | Wednesday 4 December 2019, at 11am BONHAMS ENQUIRIES Please see page 2 for bidder REGISTRATION Montpelier Street Matthew Haley information including after-sale IMPORTANT NOTICE Knightsbridge Simon Roberts collection and shipment. Please note that all customers, London SW7 1HH Luke Batterham irrespective of any previous activity www.bonhams.com Sarah Lindberg Please see back of catalogue with Bonhams, are required to +44 (0) 20 7393 3828 for important notice to bidders complete the Bidder Registration VIEWING +44 (0) 20 7393 3831 Form in advance of the sale. The ILLUSTRATIONS Sunday 1 December [email protected] form can be found at the back of 11am to 3pm Front cover: Lot 145 every catalogue and on our Monday 2 December Shipping and Collections Back cover: Lot 347 website at www.bonhams.com 9am to 4.30pm Joel Chandler and should be returned by email or Tuesday 3 December +44 (0)20 7393 3841 post to the specialist department 9am to 4.30pm [email protected] or to the bids department at Wednesday 4 December [email protected] 9am to 11am PRESS ENQUIRIES To bid live online and / or [email protected] leave internet bids please go to BIDS www.bonhams.com/auctions/25356 +44 (0) 20 7447 7447 CUSTOMER SERVICES and click on the Register to bid link +44 (0) 20 7447 7401 fax Monday to Friday at the top left of the page. [email protected] 8.30am to 6pm To bid via the internet +44 (0) 20 7447 7447 please visit www.bonhams.com LIVE ONLINE BIDDING IS New bidders must also provide AVAILABLE FOR THIS SALE proof of identity when submitting bids. -
Books from 1923 with US Copyright Not Renewed
Books from 1923 with US copyright not renewed Books from 1923 with US copyright not renewed This page is intended to identify books for which there is no US copyright renewal record, and which may therefore be out of US copyright. However the information cannot be guaranteed correct, so it is the condition of use of this page that you must verify any information in it before relying on it. See here for more information on US copyright, and how to check a book's US copyright status. The books are divided into 3 categories: ● Probably in the US Public Domain - books by authors I believe to be US citizens, books by non-US citizens that I believe to have been first published or simultaneously (ie, within 30 days) published in the US, and books I believe to have been published in the US by foreign authors whose period of copyright in their native country had expired by 1996 Jan 1. ● Likely in the US Public Domain - books by authors I suspect to be US citizens, books by non-US citizens that I suspect to have been first published in the US, and books by non-US citizens that I believe were published in the US in the same year as they were published abroad & so may not have been first (ie, by at least 30 days) published abroad. ● Possibly in the US Public Domain - books by authors I believe to be non-US citizens (though may include some US citizens I have not yet identified as such) - if any of these were published in the US, the rules on works by non-US authors (see here) will apply. -
Alt Context 1897-1930
1897 – Context – 102 {{All Saints', Evesham. The solemn services of Good Friday and Holy Saturday. / LITURGIES.-- pp. 10. ; 24o..-- Oxford : Mowbray & Co., [1897.] Held by: British Library}} {{Are our Clergy rightly ordained? ... With a preface by the Rev. T. T. Carter, etc. / Staley, Vernon ; Carter, Thomas Thellusson.-- pp. 20. ; 8o..-- Oxford : Mowbray & Co., [1897.] Held by: British Library}} {Are the Writings of Dionysius the Areopagite genuine? / Parker, John, Vicar of Willoughby and Wysall ; Dionysius, Saint, called the Areopagite.-- pp. 20. ; 8o..-- London & Oxford : J. Parker & Co., 1897. Held by: British Library} {{{Aristophanous Hippes. The Knights of Aristophanes / adapted for performance by the Oxford University Dramatic Society, 1897. With an English version adapted from that of J. Hookham Frere by L.E. Berman.-- 8vo.-- Oxford, [1897] Held by: National Library of Scotland}}} {{At Evening Time it shall be Light. [A sacred poem.] / Newsham, Louisa.-- 8o..-- Oxford : Mowbray & Co., [1897.] Held by: British Library}} {{To the most High, Mightie and Magnificent Empresse ... Victoria ... Her most humble servant H. W. [i.e. Sir T. H. Warren] doth in all humilitie dedicate, present and consecrate these his verses. / W., H. ; Victoria, Queen of Great Britain and Ireland ; Warren, Sir Thomas Herbert, K.C.V.O..-- 8o..-- Oxford : [Daniel Press], [1897.] Held by: British Library}} {{{The Bible for home reading / edited, with comments and reflections for the use of Jewish parents and children, by C[laude] G[oldsmid] Montefiore.-- 2nd ed.-- v.-- London & New York [pr. Oxford] : [s.n.], 1897- Held by: Trinity College Dublin}}} {{{Bustle. [A lecture.] Delivered on January 21, 1897. / Milner, Alfred, Viscount Milner.-- pp. -
1 Distance: a History of Parallax and Brief Introduction to Standard
Distance: A History of Parallax and Brief Introduction to Standard Candles B.J. Guillot Houston Texas USA [email protected] June 16, 2001 “The chief characteristic of the universe is, I would say, emptiness. There is infinitely more nothing in the universe than anything else.” - John Updike in The Poorhouse Fair. “Popular astronomy books are peppered with words like immense, far-flung, vast, gargantuan, enormous—and with prefixes like super-, mega-, and hyper-. Bigness is part of the mindset of the astronomer.” - Alan W. Hirshfeld in Parallax: The Race to Measure the Cosmos. 1 Abstract This paper concentrates on the discussion of how astronomers were able to derive the distance to various celestial objects, with special emphasis on how parallax was used to get the distance to the stars as well as the distance of our own astronomical unit. The geometry (geocentric, heliocentric) of the solar system is also discussed. Index 1. Introduction 2. Early measurement and shape of the Earth 3. Introduction to parallax 4. The solar system 4.1. Geocentric system 4.2. Heliocentric system 4.2.1. Aristarchus of Samos 4.2.2. The Copernican Revolution 4.2.3. Kepler and Galileo 4.3 Distance to the Sun and Moon 4.4 Distance to the planets 4.4.1 Parallax of Mars 4.4.2 Transits of Venus 4.4.3 Jupiter and the speed of light 4.4.4 Radar 4.5 Distance to comets, asteroids, meteors 5. Distance to the stars 2 5.1 Changes in the “fixed” stars 5.2 Early attempts to measure stellar parallax 5.2.1 Tycho 5.2.2 Galileo 5.2.3 Robert Hooke 5.2.4 James Bradley 5.2.5 William Herschel 5.3 Successes of Bessel, Henderson, and Struve 5.3.1 Friedrich Wilhelm Bessel and 61 Cygni 5.3.2 Thomas Henderson and Alpha Centauri 5.3.3 Friedrich von Struve and Vega 5.4 Modern stellar parallax 6. -
Stars and Satellites Mary Brück
Mary Brück Women in Early British and Irish Astronomy Stars and Satellites 123 Women in Early British and Irish Astronomy Mary Brück Women in Early British and Irish Astronomy Stars and Satellites Mary Brück ISBN 978-90-481-2472-5 e-ISBN 978-90-481-2473-2 DOI 10.1007/978-90-481-2473-2 Springer Dordrecht Heidelberg London New York Library of Congress Control Number: 2009931554 c Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2009 No part of this work may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, microfilming, recording or otherwise, without written permission from the Publisher, with the exception of any material supplied specifically for the purpose of being entered and executed on a computer system, for exclusive use by the purchaser of the work. Printed on acid-free paper Springer is part of Springer Science+Business Media (www.springer.com) For my sisters (nees´ Conway) Eithne, Meadhbh and Aoife Foreword The role of women in the growth of science has become an important area of modern historical scholarly research. And as far as the study of the role of women in astron- omy is concerned, Dr. Mary Br¨uck is an established and illustrious pioneer, with an international reputation and acclaimed books and articles already to her credit. Her present book, Stars and Satellites, brings together many figures who worked over a 300-year time scale, and whose relationship with astronomy ranged from informed assistants to independent researchers to major writers and interpreters of contem- porary astronomy to, eventually, paid professionals. -
Address on the Occasion of the Unveiling of the Blue Plaque to Commemorate the Lives of Frank Bellamy MA FRAS Frmets FRPSL and Ethel Bellamy MA FRAS
Address on the occasion of the unveiling of the Blue Plaque to commemorate the lives of Frank Bellamy MA FRAS FRMetS FRPSL and Ethel Bellamy MA FRAS. By Bill Jackson, past President, Oxford Philatelic Society; at 2 Winchester Road, Oxford, 11 a.m. Tuesday 8 October 2019 Chairman, Blue Plaque Board members, friends: Frank Arthur Bellamy was born at 57 St John Street on 17th October 1863, the second child of bookbinder Montague Bertie Bellamy and Zilpah, née Butwell. He was baptised at St Mary Magdalen Church early the following year. At the 1881 census, aged 17, he was a pupil at Magdalen College School. Ten years later he was living on what was then called St John’s Road. In 1901 he was still living there, with his surviving sister Ada and, this time, also his niece Ethel Frances Butwell Bellamy, aged 29, a daughter of his brother Montague. Later Frank lived on Polstead Road, and finally here at 2 Winchester Road from 1930: Frank till his death in 1936, and Ethel here too until after her retirement in 1947. Back in July 1881, shortly before his eighteenth birthday, he had been appointed Second Assistant at the University Observatory in the Parks, a position previously held by two of his brothers. During this apprenticeship under E. J. Stone the Observatory was occupied in meridian work – the surveying of the positions and movements of the stars. Routine meteorology was also added. With the death of his parents, Frank became at 22 head of the family household. He described himself as a tutor in meteorology, astronomy and botany. -
The Life and Work of Major Percy Alexander Macmahon Paul Garcia
The life and work of Major Percy Alexander MacMahon PhD Thesis by Dr Paul Garcia History of Mathematics Thesis submitted to the Open University in fulfilment of the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy The life and work of Major Percy Alexander MacMahon Paul Garcia B.A. (Hons), MSc (Mathematics), MSc (Information and Knowledge Technology) May 2006 1 The life and work of Major Percy Alexander MacMahon PhD Thesis by Dr Paul Garcia Abstract This thesis describes the life and work of the mathematician Major Percy Alexander MacMahon (1854 - 1929). His early life as a soldier in the Royal Artillery and events which led to him embarking on a career in mathematical research and teaching are dealt with in the first two chapters. Succeeding chapters explain the work in invariant theory and partition theory which brought him to the attention of the British mathematical community and eventually resulted in a Fellowship of the Royal Society, the presidency of the London Mathematical Society, and the award of three prestigious mathematical medals and four honorary doctorates. The development and importance of his recreational mathematical work is traced and discussed. MacMahon’s career in the Civil Service as Deputy Warden of the Standards at the Board of Trade is also described. Throughout the thesis, his involvement with the British Association for the Advancement of Science and other scientific organisations is highlighted. The thesis also examines possible reasons why MacMahon’s work, held in very high regard at the time, did not lead to the lasting fame accorded to some of his contemporaries. Details of his personal and social life are included to give a picture of MacMahon as a real person working hard to succeed in a difficult context. -
Robert Grant Aitken
NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES R O B E R T G R A N T A ITKEN 1864—1951 A Biographical Memoir by W I L L I A M H. V A N D E N B O S Any opinions expressed in this memoir are those of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the National Academy of Sciences. Biographical Memoir COPYRIGHT 1958 NATIONAL ACADEMY OF SCIENCES WASHINGTON D.C. ROBERT GRANT AITKEN December 31, 1864—October 29, 795/ BY WILLEM H. VAN DEN BOS OBERT GRANT AITKEN was born on December 31, 1864, in Jackson, R.California, and died on October 29,1951, in Berkeley, California. His father, Robert Aitken, came to America from Scotland and his mother, Wilhelmina Depinau, was the daughter of German im- migrants. His early education followed classical rather than scientific lines, as his mother wished him to enter the ministry. In 1880 he entered the Oakland High School and in 1883 Williams College, still with the ministry in view. However, he also took courses in biology and astronomy and did some work in the observatory under Truman Safrord. He graduated in 1887, but as a result of his reading he felt —though he remained a deeply religious man to the end of his days —that he could not become a preacher of the orthodox, doctrinaire theology of the day. He accepted a position as house master in the Hopkins Academy, Oakland. In 1888 Aitken married his high school classmate, Jessie L. Thomas, and accepted a position as head teacher in Livermore Col- lege, where he stayed until 1891, when he was appointed professor of mathematics in the (then) University of the Pacific. -
Summary List of Manuscripts in the Museum of the History of Science
Summary List of Manuscripts in the Museum of the History of Science Manuscripts are listed by named collection; the shelfmark and correct designation of any item takes the form MS + collection-name + number, for example, MS Allen & Hanbury 2; the general or miscellaneous collection is MSS Museum; fuller descriptions are available, and for certain items much more detailed catalogues, either follow the links given or contact the archivist; all material is available for study by bona fide researchers, who should contact the archivist to discuss their needs and make arrangements well in advance MSS Allen & Hanbury Prescription records of Allen & Hanbury’s, pharmacists, and some earlier orders for chemical and pharmaceutical supplies, 1790-1894 Deposited on loan by Messrs Allen & Hanbury in 1945 1 Early orders for chemicals, drugs, and pharmaceutical supplies from the Plough Court pharmacy, 1795-1802 2 Collection of autograph medical prescriptions (174 prescriptions), 1822-73 and one item 1790, assembled by the Hanbury family 3-5 Three examples of prescription books from a chronological series designated by letters, 1840-72 6-9 Four examples of prescription books from an alphabetical series designated by alphabetical spans and volume numbers, 1875-94 [Other material from this provenance: MSS Museum 14, 27-28. Note: the prescription books (MSS Allen & Hanbury 3-9) are sample volumes only, other company records remain with the successor company Glaxo] MSS Arnott Sketchbooks and drawings of Audrey Juliet Arnott (1901-1974), medical illustrator, chiefly of surgical subjects, 1933-62; together with some related surgical illustrations Transferred from the Department of Medical Illustration, Oxford, in 2001 summary list 1-63 Series of 61 sketchbooks containing drawings of surgical procedures, mostly made in operating theatres at the London Hospital and then at the Radcliffe Infirmary, Oxford, 1933-62 [numbers 15 and 35 were not received] 64 Mounted photographic artwork derived from Arnott’s drawings (7 items), 1934-45 and n.d.