I194 fZDIL JOURA] JUBILEE OF THE OXFORD MUSEUM. [OCT. I7, 1908. be removed. You cannot remove an internal cause or weak- ness by simply wearing a truss, which has no curative or heal- JUBILEE OF THE OXFORD MUSEUM. ing power whatever; but by giving support to the ruptured vessels, and taking this preparation as directed, the affected ON October 8th the University of Oxford celebrated the vessels are gradually healed and strengthened, and after a time jubilee of its Museum with all the rites and ceremonies of are able to keep in their natural position without support of any a high academic festival. A Convocation was held in the kind. Persons who have worn a truss (ordinary and so-called Sheldonian Theatre, at which a electrical) for years, without any sign of a cure being large number of the affected (sic), have been absolutely cured in a short time medical and scientific graduates of Oxford were present in by the regular use of this remedy. Sufferers cannot do their robes of many colours. The honorary degree of better than give this remedy a trial, and prove for them- Doctor of Science was conferred on Professor Arrhenius, selves what I say to be correct. Constipation of the bowels, Director of the Department of Physical Chemistry at the indigestion, etc., which has a tendency to aggravate this com- Nobel Institute of plaint, are remedied by this treatment. By taking this remedy the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences, as directed, a cure may be expected from two to four months, and on Mr. Augustus George Vernon Harcourt, M.A., according to description of complaint and length of time F.R.S., Vice-President of the Chemical Society. In pre. affected. From six to nine bottles of this preparation is gener- senting them, Professor Love gave a brief recital of ally sufficient to effect a cure, or the same quantity of pills. I their scientific achievements, while the do not guarantee to completely cure every case, but it will do as Vice-Chancellor much good as nature will allow, and prevent strangulation in formally admitted them to the degree with a few happily every case. I find, after a few years' experience with this chosen and appropriate words of congratulation and remedy, that it is able to absolutely cure ninety out of every welcome. hundred cases of rupture, where nine to a dozen bottles has At the close of the Convocation addresses of congratula- been taken. It is the most inexpensive, as well as the most tion were presented to the Vice-Chancellor on effective treatment yet discovered for the cure of this complaint. behalf of a Persons are requested to give full description of complaint when number of universities and learned societies; they were first sending for this treatment, also state whether they suffer all commendably brief. The Vice-Chancellor then read from indigestion or constipation. They are then sent treatment a communication from the Chancellor, Lord Curzon of to suit description of complaint given. This preparation can be Kedleston, expressing regret that the effects of his recent given to children without any fear whatever, as it is purely motor accident prevented his vegetable, and quite harmless even to the most delicate consti- being present. He spoke tution. It is also pleasant to the palate and stomach alike. of the interest with which he watched the development When it is required for a child, statement to that effect should of Oxford as a scientific university, and referred to the be given, as different directions for use are then given. truly regal gift of an electrical laboratory by the Drapers' Instructions regarding diet for children and adults are also Company. He concluded by saying that there were three forwarded with remedy when necessary. main desiderata for the future-unity of spirit in the Other sections of the pamphlet are devoted to varicocele museum itself, unity of action between museum and and varicose veins, for which it appears that "Healine colleges, and unity of action between museum and No. 2" and "Healine No. 3" respectively are recom- university. mended. The prices of the preparations (post free) are thus ADDRESS BY THE VICE-CHANCELLOR. given: The VICE-CHANCELLOR (Dr. Warren, President of Mag- Liquid Form.-3s. per bottle; Three for 8s. 9d.; or Six dalen) then delivered the following address, for a copy of prepared bottles for 15s. which we are indebted to his courtesy: Pill Form (recommended).-2s. 9d. per box; Three for 8s.; or Six for 13s. 9d. Science at Healine Lotion (same price as Internal Healine) is always Oxford. necessary for bad Ulcerated Legs and open or deep-seated Representatives of other Universities, Learned Societies, Wounds, and never fails to cure when used as directed. and Institutions, Ladies and Gentlemen,-My first and Consultation by appointmenlt only, for which a fee of 2s. 6d. pleasant duty is to welcome you on behalf of the will be charged. University and the Delegate3 of the Museum, and to An application for a bottle of liquid "Healine No. 1," thank you for your presence here and the encouragement with a remittance of 3s., brought in return a box of the it gives us on this occasion of our festivity, the celebration pills, with an intimation that these were recommended in of the fiftieth anniversary of the establishment of the preference. The box contained 60 pills, and the directions University Museum. It should be understood that it is a on the label were: modest affair. We offer you little in the way of entertain- ment. You are giving rather than receiving. It is Two Pills to be taken three times a day, half hour after meals, your and distinguished presence that confers upon the occasion any morning, noon, night. external eclat that it may have, and yet we hold, and I The results of analysis were mainly negative. The think you will agree with us, that it is in reality a very pills were coated with a talc coating, after removal of important occasion, important for us, and not without which they had an average weight of 4 grains. No importance for the world. It is a landmark in the history metallic salts were present, and no alkaloid; about 1 per of Natural Science at Oxford. Fifty years ago, within the cent. of an oily liquid of acid nature, apparently oleic acid, memory of not a few here to-day, the Museum did not was found; small quantities of a tannin, gum, and exist. Its site was a green field. Now, Natural Science phlobaphene were present, and a bitter substance which is definitely domiciled and organlzed among us and Oxford showed no characters by which it could be identified; has become a scientific university. That, I take it, is the aloin and extract of cascara sagrada were absent, and all meaning of to-day's ceremony. Fifty years is not a long resinous substances, unless in minute quantity; the pill time, it is a very short time, in the history of a great and consisted chiefly of indefinite extractive, with about 20 per ancient university. It is only one-sixteenth of the period cent. of a vegetable powder, one ingredient of which was luring which Oxford University has in some sense or liquorice, a second appearing to be gentian, but it was not another existed. It cannot compare with the 300 vears of identified with certainty; a considerable portion of the the Bodleian. We hope that Natural Science may have vegetable powder could not be identified with any drug in before it many half centuries and many whole centuries of ordinary use. progress and valuable work. And the question may naturally be asked, Why should Oxford be in such a THE annual meeting of the Association of Public hurry to celebrate the establishment of an institution Vaccinators of England and Wales will be held at the which is still, academically, a mere child, or at least only Hotel Cecil, London, on Friday, October 30th, when the just beginning to pass out of its nonage ? chair will be taken by the President (Dr. Drury, Halifax), Ladies and gentlemen, it is exactly for that reason we at 3 p.m. After the transaction of business, a paper will ire celebrating the completion of the first fifty years, be read by Dr. A. E. Cope (London), entitled, Small-pox: because we think that it contains the earnest and the What it was before the introduction of Vaccination; what issurance of it has been since the introduction of Vaccination; and the those that are to follow. The first years are future of Small-pox, what is it to be? The annual dinner very critical years. Infant mortality is, we know, one of will take place at the same hotel at 6.30 p.m. All public the great menaces to life. A child's first one or two birth- vaccinators, wxhether members of the Association or not are cordially invited, andc are asked to commnunicate early laysareinthissenseitsmostimportant. their the intention to be present to Secretary WVell, the of the Association, Charles Greenwood, Esq., 1, Mitre Court know so well, and which is not unknown to Alma Mater. Buildings, Temple, E.C. bIuseumttperiod;isnowthathasfairlyfractiouspassedlaunchedattimeanyonofratelife.teethingthroughSciencewhichitswasinfantilemothersnota r TsEm I OCT. 17, Igo8.] JUBILEE OF THE OXFORD MUSEUM. I MIkDICALBiTmSJOURNAL .I I

stranger to Oxford before the first stone of the Museum very different man whose name some of you may be sur- was laid, but her existence was somewhat precarious and prised to hear in this connexion, Dr. Pusey. He had, as I her progress intermittent. said just now, been one at the attendants at Daubeny's The period just before the establishment of the Museum lectures. It was with his assent and approval that Acland, was, like the night before the dawn, a somewhat dark age. as he used to be very fond of recalling, promoted the idea It is, I believe, recognized in physiological science that the of the Museum, and that the Book of Nature was opened in history of the embryo repeats the history of the race. Oxford side by side with that other open Book which is It appeared to be so with science at that time. She also a Book of Nature, though not, as used to be thought, was then in the condition of the cave dwellers among of science, and which is the immemorial badge of our primitive men. University. At any rate, she lived underground. Her teachers, like But this, ladies and gentlemen, brings me on to Dr. those of the Early Church, wandered about in "caves and Hareourt's ground, and that, again, I wish to avoid. I would dens of the earth." There was a cellar under the Ash- rather occupy the brief time during which I will detain molean where science was taught. If I remember right, you with a few werds about the present position, prospects, my old friend, whom I much wish we could have seen here and possibilities of science at Oxford. I am not sure that to-day, Professor Story-Maskelyne, was both taught, and I am much better qualified to deal with this aspect of the instructed himself, in that underground chamber. There question, or indeed that I ought to attempt to speak about was another cellar, or series of cellars, in Balliol College it, but I imagine that when my too kind scientific friends- where my wife's father, Professor Brodie, used to pursue and they have been among the best friends I have had chemistry. But it would not be fair to represent this as during my now fairly many years of Oxford life-asked me, the whole history of science in Oxford even at that time. as Vice-Chancellor, to give a short address on this occasion, Dr. Daubeny at my own college, Magdalen, and Dean it was something of a very general, amateur, and lay Buckland, as he afterwards was, at Christ Church, had character which they expected. This much I may make already done pioneer work. To-day things are very dif- claim to, that I have always had a s4rong interest in natural ferent. Natural science has now, as you will see this science. When a boy-quite a small boy-I came, fortunately afternoon, a palace with many chambers and apartments. for myself, within the sphere of influence of a family to well and, it may be said in some instances, beautifully whom English science owes a great deal, that of Dr. W. B. equipped. That is not everything and will not alone secure Carpenter. I attended lectures, I saw experiments, what success. Much of the very best work, as we all know, in is more I made experiments for myself in electricity, in science has been done in very inferior quarters and with physics, but especially in chemistry. very poor appliances. About the early days of the Museum Then I passed to Clifton College, a school which was at I do not propose to speak. My friend, Dr. Vernon that time, under the Bishop of Hereford, one of the pioneer Harcourt, as we all rejoice to call him, will do that. Nor schools in the teaching of science, and I was fortunate in do I propose to say much about the previous or general coming into contact with teachers, brilliant and eminent, history of science in Oxford. That is a large and not such as Professor John Perry and Dr. Henry Debus. I inglorious topic. A very interesting book might, and will, also made some attempt to pursue zoology and anatomy. I hope, some day be written about it. But it is a topic When I came to Oxford I was obliged to concentrate on with which I am not competent to deal. I will only touch the ordinary elassical course. The moment I had com- on it one or two words. pleted that, I returned for a short time to my first loves, Oxford has had her shining individual names, her great and I am always glad to think that I worked for a term or discoverers and thinkers from the days of Roger Bacon two in the " Glastonbury Kitchen." I cannot profess to down the ages, and her notable series of professors. The have taken science very seriously, nor did I make any astronomers and geometers, Seth Ward and John Wallis, great advance, but I kept alive my interest. It was, if I Christopher Wren, David Gregory, James Bradley, remember right, about ten years later, in 1887, just one- Nathaniel Bliss, Henry Smith, Charles Pritchard. Some and-twenty years ago, that Dean Liddell asked me to of these are among the most brilliant in the bead-roll of become a Delegate of the University Museum. I have English science, and all are creditable. The list of her served continuously as a Delegate since that time. botanists, from Bobart and Dillenius to the Sibthorps, It will be seen, therefore, that I have just attained Lawson, and Bayley-Balfour, is not less notable. my majority in that capacity, and I can say with Linacre and Sydenham are two of the greatest names sincerity that there is no work in the university in the history of English medicine. She has had, too, her of the kind in which I have. been more continu- famous institutions. The Botanic Garden-or, as it used ously interested or have more enjoyed. This personal to be called, the "Physic " Garden-is the earliest of these, account may seem a little egotistical. I hope you will and among the earliest of the kind in England or Europe. pardon it. I have only put it forward to show that I have And we must never forget that Oxford had a museum some little claim to speak at any rate with some general before the present structure, whose fiftieth anniversary we experience and personal knowledge about science in celebrate to-day. The Ashmolean, dating from 1683, was Oxford. It will be seen that of the fifty years which we described in a Latin inscription as "iThe Ashmolean are considering, my own personal acquaintance extends Museum, School of Natural History, and Chemical over about two-thirds. For the first years of that period Laboratory." Here, in the early years of the last century, I knew it as an undergraduate through my undergraduate from 1822 to 1848, Dr. Daubeny gave a series of lectures. friends. I then had a brief acquaintance with it as a They were attended, it is worth recording, by Archbishops student and later a constantly-increasing acquaintance as Tait, Whately, and Thompson, and by Dr. Pusey, by a Delegate of the Museum. One of the first recollections Sir John Bennett Lawes and Sir Edmund Head, by of the kind that I have is of the death of the first Keeper, Dean Liddell and Dean Church, by John Ruskin, and Professor Philips; of the shock which that occasioned, and by Sir Henry Acland and Professor Story-Maskelyne. of the way in which his work and services were spoken of In 1848 Dr. Daubeny erected a laboratory and in the university. With the second Keeper I am glad to lecture room of his own at the Botanic Garden, to say I can recall an intimate and personal acquaintance. which he transferred his work. Christ Church followed Who but must rejoice to have known the brilliant and suit. Daubeny had succeeded as Professor of Chemistry delightful Henry Smith, that luminous and illuminating Dr. Kidd. Dr. Kidd had also been Professor of Mineralogy, intellect, that coruscating and lambent wit? With the but was succeeded in this chair by Dean Buckland, the third illustrious Keeper, the father, and largely the founder of modern geology study in OxfJrd. Buckland, founder, of English anthropology, Dr. Tylor, I was thrown however, left Oxford in 1845, and left it somewhat in the into very close and continuous relation. His successor, lurch. As my friend, Dr. Bourne, tells me, a letter exists the Secretary, whose loss we deplore more than we can, by him in which he says that he despaired of getting trust ourselves to say, Professor Miers, has been a Fellow Oxford to establish a museum or undertake the of my own college and one of my most intimate friends. organized teaching of science. Buckland despaired, I have seen the Museum, then, and its work, growing but a -younger member of his own house did not and advancing for something over thirty years. I despair. We can never be sufficiently grateful to Sir can recall the individual characteristics and work of Henry Acland for the tact and the tenacity with the eminent professors who have served it in its different which he introduced the idea of this foundation and departments during this period, the brilliant zoological carried it to success, nor ought we to forget our debt to a series of Rolleston, Moseley, Lankester, and Weldon, and -Tus Samoa 'n96 KiiDz"LJousuAL!196 v1-:AL'~'wALI IJUBILEE'OFJUBILEE OF THE'THE OXFORDOXFORD MUSEUM.MUSEUM. '(OcT.'[OCT, '7,179 zgo8.I -8. the brilliant geological series of Philips, Prestwich, Green. which would be acquired by the individual student would [ can remember the introduction of physiology and the be of great value, but I think it would co'nduce to the epoch-making advent of Sir John Burdon-Sanderson. All creation of this general atmosphere which I desire to see along the line there has been continuous, steady, and created. healthy growth. I do not know how the number of In the old days it was thought that every gentleman students nor the departments of the Museum now would ought to have some tincture of the classics. To acquire -ompare with that of the numbers when I was an under- it he came to Oxford. There was a good deal of absurdity graduate. I will take one simple test. I find that in 1872, in this view, but it meant the existence of- a tradition and -the year I came to Oxford, the number of names in the atmosphere of culture. The gentleman of those days would Natural Science honours list is 10. The number of names have been ashamed not to know that Minerva sprang, or last term in the corresponding list is 74, seven times as was believed to have sprung, from the head of Jupiter. many. When I was an undergraduate the Oxford Medical His attitude in this matter was part of a customary School was a shadow of a mighty name. The medical recognition of what was of importance and value in the rstudent was a rara avis. My impression is that there was world. He would not have been ashamed of not know- ,one, or at the most two, a year at Balliol when I was ing that water was composed of oxygen and hydrogen. -there, and in the whole university I should doubt whether That is a fact, I venture to think, of more importance in there were a dozen. In the strict sense there were hardly itself. That such a fact should be generally known is -any. That is to say, there was scarcely a student studying also of importance as a recognition of what is of value. medicine in any of its branches within the university. Now The real lessons of science do not, I think, consist in all that is changed. We have been singularly fortunate in knowledge of facts of this sort. They consist in the our series of medical professors, Sir Henry Acland, Sir recognition of the importance of truth, of absolute John Burdon-Sanderson, Dr. Osler. lt would be scrupulous accuracy; that nothing happens without a difficult to show a more brilliant trio or a trio cause and without a consequence; that matter, how- more suited to complement, and supplement, each ever mutable it may be, is indestructible ; that the same other's labours. I have always held, and. I think elements, or many of them, as are found in our earth may that experience has justified the belief, that a strong be found, for instance, in the sun, and probably pervade medical school would be for the advantage of pure science the universe; that energy in the same way is imperish- in Oxford. Out of practical schools, if properly admini- able; the general scientific conception of force, of atoms, stered, research work grows, just as again research gives of gravitation, of resistance, of mass, of proportionate ever new life to practical studies. I think the same is true combination, and of the methods by which these truths of practical studies like forestrVy, which we have recently were discovered and can be again demonstrated-these introduced; agriculture, a still later introduction; and are the things which ought to be part of our common engineering, which I am rejoiced to think is just going to heritage and knowledge. I hope the next era will see, not commence its work here. It will be seen, then, that the decay or the obliteration of the old traditions, but the science has made an immense advance in Oxford. Hardly addition of the new. I think the man of letters has much less remarkable than its own advance has been its influ- to learn from the man of science. I have indicated some o3nce on the other studies of the place. I believe that of the lessons which in my judgement he may with advan- ,most, if not all, of our serious, advanced students in other tage derive from coming into contact with scientific ideas lines would say-I know that many of them have said- and methods. I think no less that the man of science has that the methods and example of natural science have had much to learn from the man of letters. It has certainly a profound influence on their own studies. It has in par- been the case that the best men, or many of the best mein ticular enormously encouraged the idea of original research, of science have been men full of the love and spirit of the idea of the desirability of true knowledge and of newv letters, keenly sensible of the beauty and attraction both knowledge. And yet I think one thing is needful. With of poetry and of prose. It was the case, as we all know, with all this activity in its own field, natural science does not Huxley and with Tyndall. It was so with Helmholtz, whose really affect, as it should, the minds of the rank and file intellectual relation to Goethe is a most interestina

,of Greek is often accountable for the unwillingness to see THE LATE PROFESSOR WELDON. anythingreasonable or valuable in the literature of Greece. The ceremony was brought to an end by the presenta- I believe that through !good translations or expositions tion by Dr. Fowler, on behalf of a committee, of a marble much might be communicated which would be inte- bust of the late Professor W. F. R. Weldon. The gift -esting and suggestive to an intelligent young student was accepted by the Vice-Chancellor, who then unveiled ,of science. the bust. Ladies and gentlemen, we stand at a very important moment in the history of science in Oxford. It is a moment of a great loss and a great gain. I have already spoken of THE ARMY MEDICAL REPORT FOR 1907. the loss; it is the departure of the Secretary of the IDel1gates. Let me speak of the gain. We have had in [SECOND NOTICE.] the-fifty years just past many notable benefactions-one a OUR first notice of this admirable Report (which appeared very handsome one from the Drapers' Company. But in the JOURNAL of August 29th, 1908, p. 609) was mainly I doubt whether we have ever had a more handsome or on the incidence and causation of enteric fever, which, ,opportune benefaction than that with which, thanks to the from its serious importance to the army abroad, is specially splendid liberality of that company which has done so discussed in the volume. much for the things of education and learning we are We now notice briefly the more salient general details about to begin our next half-century, their magnificent on the health, sanitation, and efficiency of the troops at and munificent offer to build and equip an electrical home, reserving for a third notice that of the troops laboratory at a cost of some £23,000. abroad, toaether with some comparative health statistics I hope those of you who are so well qualified to judge of our own with certain foreign armies. and who will have the opportunity of seeing for yourselves' By way of preface we must record that, on looking back, to-day will think well of the present position of Oxford even for a decade, on these Reports, we are forcibly struck science. It is invidious to speak of the living or the with the rapid advance of scientific medicine and the very present, but I will venture to say this, that I am proud of thorough manner in which army medical officers keep pace. and grateful to our present large and yet ever-increasing with it; indeed, it is manifest that since they obtained staff of scientific teachers. I am sure that they are not that recognition of army status which was their due they inferior-they are, taken altogether, superior-to any body have displayed remarkable zeal and efficiency, which has of scientific teachers Oxford has ever had. I look forward been reflected in a gratifying improvement in the health with much confidence to the results which the next few and efficiency of our troops at home and abroad. years will produce. I have said that fifty years is a short It is also gratifying to find that combatant officers of all time in the history of a university, but it is a longish time branches show increasing interest in army sanitation, and in the history of an individual. Only the younger here evince higher regard for medical opinion and advice. can hope to be here fifty years hence or to see the cen- The report is prefaced by an admirable letter, tenary of the Museum. There is something I think epitomizing its salient features, from the Director-General, especially pathetic in the contrast between man's short Army Medical Department, to the Secretary for War. span and the vast scope of the facts and phenomena and The first subject detailed is recruiting, as forming the ideas to which his science introduces him. Mv friend, foundation of our voluntary army. Professor Turner, in a brilliant lecture which I have just been reading, has traced for us the history of the discovery Recruitintg. of the periodicity of Halley's comet. Strangely enough To those who remember the perfunctory manner in itSs period almost coincides with the recognized span of which recruiting was conducted at many stations in numan life. Few can see it twice, very, very few can bygone days (even lJp to 1879-a year to be noted-when xemember it twice, and fewer still can twice witness it standard measurements were no longer to be made by with mature intelliaence. unskilled recruiters, hut became part of the medical It is the same with these jubilees, centenaries, and examination), it is true advance to find that the portals of celebrations. Yet as we look back, so we look forward, entry to the army are now guarded, at almost all recruiting and in imagination picture to ourselves our successors stations, by experienced medical officers of the regular entering into our labours as we have succeeded to those service; and that junior medical officers are now of the past. Surely the idea should make us more earnest systematically instructed in the examination of recruits, and diligent in attacking our taslks of to-day. which was seldom the case in former years. The recruits of 1907 are declared to be "' on the whole THE BEGINNINGS OF THE MUSEUM. satisfactory;" and, although largely obtained from the In the afternoon, before a crowded audience, Dr. Vernon youthful, and often ill-fed, unemployed, have nevertheless Harcourt delivered an address in the lecture-room of the the " making of good soldiers." It is often asserted that Museum on the Early History of the Museum. An our recruits are mere boys under the minimum age of 18, account of the beginnings of the Museum was given in but this is really not the case. It is a well-known fact to all the BRITISH MEDICAL JOURNAL of June 23rd, 1906, and recruiters that, such is the variation in development in meed not be repeated here. Any one who wishes to read youth, that it is often very difficult to judge whether a lad the whole story of the " fight for the Museum " will find. is 17 or 19. The report states that not more than 10 per it vividly told by Mr. J. B. Atlay in his memoir of the cent. of those passed are under 18; and even if so, surely late Sir Henry Acland.: Dr, Vernon Harcourt in his a lad of 17 with the development of 18 or 19, which is not lecture fought the battle o'er again. He said that uncommon, should not be considered ineligible, if possessing exactly fifty years ago he was getting together the the requisite fitness. -apparatus for Brodie's first course of lectures in the The ratio of rejections remains steady at about one- Museum, having become his lecture assistant, though he third, or over 30 per cent., of those inspected. It was had not taken his degree. A year later he was made somewhat lower in 1907, the actual figures being 284.65, Demonstrator in the students' laboratory. In his first against a decennial average of 321.12 per 1,000. This is year as a teacher he had the honour of having the Prince attributed partly to less stringent and " more reasonable -of Wales, now the King, as a pupil. Ilow far he succeeded standards," especially in regard to " vision, dental -in interesting him in the great science of chemistry he efficiency, and flat feet," the regulations on which were could not tell. He remembered only that he was a most recently undoubtedly too rigid; but partly also to the amiable pupil. Though he was there to take part in cele- instruction that recruits put forward for cavalry, artillery, brating the birth of the Muceaum lhe must express his etc., if found under standards for these branches, are not sympathy with and his belief in the great advantage of to be summarily rejected, but, if medically fit, passed for college laboratories, a welcome and splendid addition to infantry, leaving the recruiting officer to dispose of such which had just been made by Jesus College. The great recruits afterwards according to circumstances. additions which had been made recently to the buildings The chief causes of rejection were, as usual, these four both marked the advance of scientific teaching and showed -under chest, deficiency of teeth, heart affections, defec- that the university was still ready to make provision for tive vision. For some years after the Boer war- loss of that teaching with open hand. teeth was a " much overrated " cause of rejection, especially as reasonable dental treatment is now afforded * LJondon: Smith, Elder, and Co.. 1903, chapter v -p. 197 et seq. to recruits.