Wines of the World VWT 136 Unit 4

Welcome to Wines of the World VWT 136 Unit 4

David Stevens, Instructor Unit 4 Guidelines Classroom Decorum and Academic Integrity:

All students are expected to act with civility, personal integrity, respect other students’ dignity, rights and property; and help create and maintain an environment in which all can succeed through the fruits of their own efforts. An environment of academic integrity is requisite to respect for self and others and a civil community. Academic integrity includes a commitment to not engage in, or tolerate acts of, falsification, misrepresentation or deception. Such acts of dishonesty include cheating or copying, plagiarizing, submitting another persons’ work as one’s own, taking or having another student take your Quizzes, tampering with the work of another student, or facilitating other students’ acts of academic dishonesty. Breaches in academic integrity will result in the most severe disciplinary actions possible.

Personal Technology:

Students may use a laptop, tablet, cell phone or any other device for taking notes or otherwise participating in class. However, do not use a personal device for any purpose unrelated to this class. All devices must be silenced.

Food and Drink:

Food or drinks are allowed in class as long as their consumption is not distracting to others. Consumption during the break is highly encouraged. Food or drinks are not allowed near computer equipment at any time. The student is responsible for discarding any and all trash and cleaning up any spills. Changes to This Syllabus:

The Instructor reserves the right to change the Schedule.

Class Schedule: November 21 Introduction and Bordeaux November 28 Burgundy December 5 Alsace and the Rhône Valley December 12 Champagne, Exam 4 and the Final Examination

Class Website:

http://www.napavalley.edu/people/dstevens/Pages/VWT-136-WotW-Unit-4.aspx

Instructor Contact:

[email protected] Introductions: David Stevens • Academic – B.A. Williams College (1983) • Economics – M.S. The University of California, Davis (1991) • Food Science (Enology Emphasis) • Professional – UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, DAVIS, Davis, California • Senior Research Assistant to Professor C.S. Ough – FREEMARK ABBEY WINERY, St. Helena, California • Assistant Winemaker – DOMAINE CHANDON, Yountville, California • Associate Winemaker – BOUCHAINE VINEYARDS, Napa, California • Winemaker – DAVON INTERNATIONAL, Napa, California • Senior Consultant Introduction to France and Bordeaux – The Center of the Wine World

I can certainly see that you know your wine. Most of the guests who stay here wouldn’t know the difference between Bordeaux and Claret.

- Basil Fawlty, Hotelier Plan of Study

• Why is France Important? • What is France? • Bordeaux – LCBO Video • Break & Attendance – Some Thoughts • Tasting – Too many wines • Sorry Why is France Important for Wine? • Five Reasons – Long history of critical thought about food and wine • Taillevent, chef to three kings, wrote Le Viandier 14th Century recipe collection and critique on food Why is France Important for Wine? • Five Reasons – Long history of critical thought about food and wine – Developed the vast majority of “international” grape varieties • Alicante Bouchet, Baco Noir, Beclan, Pinot noir, Cabernet Sauvignon, Sibel, Chambourcin, Malbec, Merlot, Pinot Meunier, Charbono, Marselan, Cinsaut, Valdiguie, Cabernet Franc, Gamay, Durif/Petite Sirah, Carmenere, Piquepoul noir, Counoise, Peloursin, Petit Verdot, Syrah/Shiraz, Negrette, Tannat, Gamay Beaujolais, Burger, Chardonnay, Chenin blanc, Colombard, Cape Riesling, Folle blanche, Gewurztraminer, Graisse, Gros Manseng, Lauzet, Madelene Angevine, Marsanne, Melon de Bourgone/Muscadet, Merlot blanc, Muscadelle, Petit Manseng, Picpoul blanc, Pinot gris, Roussanne, Sauvignon blanc, Traminer, Semillon, Aligote, Why is France Important for Wine? • Five Reasons –Long history of critical thought about food and wine –Developed the vast majority of “international” grape varieties –The “Language” of wine is French • Appellation controlee, Blanc de blancs, Blanc de noirs, Brut, Cave, Chateau, Clos, Cote, Cremant, Cru, Cuvee, Degorgement, Demi-sec, Domaine, Doux, Gout, Grand Cru, Imperiale, Jeroboam, Melange, Methode Tradionnelle, Millesime, Mousseux, Negociant, Proprietaire, Rose, Rouge Sec, Tete de Cuvee, Vigneron, Vin Why is France Important for Wine? • Five Reasons – Long history of critical thought about food and wine – Developed the majority of “international” grape varieties – The “Language” of wine is French – Defined the concept that wine has a sense of place: Terroir • Bordeaux, Saint-Emilion, Margaux, Medoc, Pauillac, Sauternes, Entre-Deux-Mers, Graves, Haut-Medoc, Saint-Julien, Saint-Estephe, Cotes de Bordeaux, Fronsac, Cadillac, Loupiac, Barsac, Bordeaux Superieur, Moulis, Blaye, Cotes de Bourg Why is France Important for Wine? • Five Reasons –Long history of critical thought about food and wine –Developed the majority of “international” grape varieties –The “Language” of wine is French –Defined the concept that wine has a sense of place: Terroir –Invented the concept of “AOC” • Appellation d'Origine Controlee are the laws that govern Viticulture and Enology and guarantee that a wine is from where it says it is from AOC - Stairway to Quality? Old System New System • Appellation d'Origine • Appellation d'origine Protégée (AoP) contrôlée (AoC) • Vin Délimité de Qualité • Vin Délimité de Qualité Supérieure (VDQS) Supérieure (VDQS) • Indication Geographique • Vin de Pays (VdP) Protegée (IGP) • Vin de Table (VdT) • Vin de Table (VdT) France in Numbers

• Area: 640,679 km2 (247,368 mi2) 163,696 mi2 • Population: 67,158,000 39,250,000 • Density: 104/km2 (270/mi2) 240/mi2 • Average Salary: $42,300 $51,900 • GDP: $2.421 Trillion $2.424 Trillion • Value of Ag Production: $83 Billion $46 Billion France in Size France in Pieces • Country – France USA – Region – Nouvelle Aquitaine The West • Department – Gironde California – Arrondissement – Bordeaux Napa County » Commune - Saint-Émilion Yountville City Limits Bordeaux The Center of the Wine World

But Bordeaux is like a friend who in time of trouble and misfortune stands by us always, anywhere, ready to give us help, or just to share our quiet leisure. So raise your glasses - to our friend Bordeaux! Alexander Pushkin (1799-1837) And Now a Word from our Friends at the France Nouvelle Aquitaine Region Eleanor of Aquitane (1122 - 1204)

• Duchess of Aquitane • Queen consort of France (1137– 1152) – Louis VII • Queen of England (1154–1189) – Henry II (11 years younger 3rd Cousin) – Imprisoned by him from 1173 to 1189 • Leader of the Second Crusade • Mother of 3 Kings – Henry the Young King, Richard the Lionheart, John Gironde Department Gironde Location of AOC Bordeaux Wine Region Right Bank, Left Bank, Entre-Deux-Mers Bordeaux in Numbers

• Area of Vineyards: 284,000 acres 602,000 • Production: ~850 million bottles 2,856 million • Number of AoC: 48 107+ • Number of Growers: 12,000+ 5,900 • Number of Producers: 10,000+ 4,700 • Red Wine: 88% • White Wine: 12% • Wine Made Into Fuel in 2006: 9.7 million gallons Bordeaux Wine Region Rivers and Estuary

• The River DORDOGNE in the North • The River GARONNE in the South • Meet to form the GIRONDE Estuary that flows into the Atlantic Bordeaux Wine Region Latitude

• Roughly the same Latitude as Portland, Oregon Weather of Bordeaux City of Bordeaux

Temperature Rainfall and Rain Days

22 days

25°C = 77°F 100 mm = 4.0 inches Weather of Bordeaux City of Bordeaux

Wind Speed Sun Hours and Sun Days

8 days Red Grapes of Bordeaux

Red Grape Varieties by • Cabernet Sauvignon Vineyard Area • Merlot • Cabernet Franc • Petit Verdot • Malbec • Carmenere Cabernet Sauvignon Merlot Cabernet Franc Other White Grapes of Bordeaux

White Grape Varieties by • Semillon Vineyard Area • Sauvignon Blanc • Muscadelle • Sauvignon Gris • Uni Blanc • Colombard Sauvignon Blanc Semillon Muscadelle Other Bordeaux Left Bank Bordeaux

Northern Left Bank = Medoc 1855 Classification of the Medoc

• Commissioned by Napoleon III • 61 properties were “ranked” by price and categorized into “growths” – 1er Crus (5) – 2nd Crus (14) – 3rd Crus (14) – 4th Crus (10) – 5th Crus (18) • In 1973 Ch. Mouton Rothschild was upgraded to First Growth • The Bordeaux First Growths – Château Lafite-Rothschild (Pauillac) – Château Latour (Pauillac) – Château Mouton-Rothschild (Pauillac) – Château Margaux (Margaux) – Château Haut-Brion (Graves) Notable Sub Regions of the Medoc

• St. Estèphe – 3,400 acres – Merlot dominant blends – 8% of area are Classified Growths • Pauillac – 2,900 acres – Cabernet Sauvignon dominant blends – 30% of area are Classified Growths • St. Julien – 2,200 acres – Cabernet Sauvignon dominant blends – 22% of area are Classified Growths • Margaux – 3,300 acres – Cabernet Sauvignon dominant blends – 31% of area are Classified Growths Bordeaux Southern Left Bank = Graves Notable Sub Regions of the Graves

• Pessac-Léognan – 3,900 acres – Cabernet Sauvignon dominant blends – 10% of area are Classified Growths • Sauternes & Barsac – 2,800 acres – Semillon dominant blends – Separate 1855 Classification • 21 properties were “ranked” by price and categorized into “growths” • Now 27 Classified Producers • 1er Crus Superieur (1) • 1er Crus (9) • 2nd Crus (16) Sauternes • Grape Varieties – Semillon – Sauvignon blanc – Muscadelle • Infected by fungus: Botrytis cinerea – From Latin – “grapes like ashes” – Grey Rot = bad • Uniformly damp growing environment – Noble Rot = $$$ • Damp THEN dry growing environment – Dehydrates Grapes • 35 to 50 °Brix at harvest – Contains an enzyme, laccase, that continues to brown wine with high SO2 • Sauternes – 80 to 120 g/L sugar at bottling – When George Washington was given some by Thomas Jefferson, he ordered 40 cases Bordeaux Between the Tides = Entre-Deux-Mers Notable Sub Regions of the Entre-Deux-Mers The Entre-Deux-Mers

• Bordeaux’s largest wine district – 5,000 planted acres • Many Wine Cooperatives • Mechanical harvesting common • Red wines = Bordeaux & Bordeaux Superieur • White wines = Labeled as Entre-Deux-Mers AOC – Sauvignon Blanc, Semillion, and Muscadelle Bordeaux Right Bank = The Libournais Notable Sub Regions of the Right Bank

• St. Emilion – 13,000 acres – Merlot dominant blends – Wine Production dates to Roman Period – Many small producers • ~1,000 Chateaux within 10 mi of Village of St. Emillion – Has its own official Classification System, often revised – More wine produced in St. Emilion than in the Medoc • Pomerol – 2,000 acres – Merlot dominant blends – Has no Classification System Wines of the Bordeaux • Flight 1 * White Bordeaux and Regional Red – Chateau La Gravière, Entre-Deux-Mers AoC, 2016 – Chateau Taussin, Bordeaux AoC, 2016 – Chateau Le Gardera, Bordeaux Supérieur AoC, 2015 – Chateau de Pitray, Castillon Côtes de Bordeaux AoC, 2015 Wines of the Bordeaux • Flight 2 * Left and Right Bank Red All wines in this flight are from the noted negociant Ginestet (Negociants are merchants who buy grapes, juice, or finished wine from growers, then bottle and sell them) – Ginestet Haut-Médoc, Haut-Médoc AoP, 2015 – Ginestet St Estèphe, St Estèphe AoP, 2015 – Ginestet Pauillac, Pauillac AoP, 2015 – Ginestet Margaux, Margaux AoP, 2015 – Ginestet St Èmilion, St Èmilion (GC) AoP, 2015 • Flight 3 * Sauternes – Chateau Suduiraut (PC), Sauternes AoC, 2014 Next Week

• Burgundy – Home of the Heart Break Grapes