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Viticulture Research and Outreach Addressing the Ohio Grape and Wine Industry Production Challenges

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Viticulture Research and Outreach Addressing the Ohio Grape and Wine Industry Production Challenges HCS Series Number 853 ANNUAL OGIC REPORT (1 July ’16 – 30 June ‘17) Viticulture Research and Outreach Addressing the Ohio Grape and Wine Industry Production Challenges Imed Dami, Professor & Viticulture State Specialist Diane Kinney, Research Assistant II VITICULTURE PROGRAM Department of Horticulture and Crop Science 1 Table of Contents Page Executive Summary……………………………………………………………………………………………………..………….3 2016 Weather………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….……..5 Viticulture Research……………………………………………………………………………………………………….…… 10 Project #1: Trunk Renewal Methods for Vine Recovery After Winter Injury……………………………………… 11 Project #2: Evaluation of Performance and Cultural Practices of Promising Wine Grape Varieties….. 16 Viticulture Production…………………………………………………………………………………………………………….28 Commercial Expansion of Varieties New to Ohio………………………………………………………………………………….28 Viticulture Extension & Outreach……………………………………………………………………………………………41 OGEN and Fruit Maturity Updates………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 41 Ohio Grape & Wine Conference………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 42 Industry Field Day and Workshops………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 43 “Buckeye Appellation” Website………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 45 Industry Meetings………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 45 Professional Meetings…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 45 Student Training & Accomplishments…………………………………………………………………………………… 49 Honors & Awards………………………………………………………………………………………………………………….. 50 Appendix………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 51 2 Executive Summary The year 2016 brought a welcome break from a two-year streak of bad weather and a huge sigh of relief by the Ohio grape community. The 2016 winter was mild resulting in a total crop of 5,000 tons, 43% higher than in 2015 and the largest crop since 2013. The above normal warmth of the growing season was ideal to ripen all grape varieties including the late ones. As a result, the fruit quality was exceptional and it is expected the 2016 wines to be of high quality as well. The following are highlights of the major accomplishments by the Viticulture Program during the time period between 1 July 2016 and 30 June 2017. Completed the 3-year projects on assessing and managing winter-damaged vines and new recommendations were shared with growers on the best pruning and training methods for recovering vines from cold injury. All findings were presented at the Ohio Grape & Wine Conference, and published electronically in factsheets and newsletter articles, and posted on the Buckeye Appellation website. Re-established the research vineyards affected by the polar vortex events by planting new varieties to be tested for the first time in Ohio and expanding the best performing varieties for future research on how to grow them. The production project, titled “Commercial Expansion of Varieties New to Ohio”, was initiated in 2015 and continued in 2016. Currently, we have 10 vineyards- wineries from all three regions (north, central, and south) of Ohio, that have participated in this project and planted 17 varieties. Some participants will have their first crop and wine made in 2017. Two (2) new educational You-Tube videos were produced and posted on Buckeye Appellation titled: “Pruning Grapevines - VSP” and “Grapevine Canopy Management”. The Viticulture Program co-organized and participated at the 2017 OGWC and a short course for the annual grape school in northeast Ohio; and delivered eight presentations to nearly 300 attendees; Dami and his group also contributed articles in OGEN and continued the outreach service of monitoring fruit maturity and sharing weekly updates with producers. Buckeye Appellation statistics in its 2nd year: the viticulture group updated the website with 121 postings that generated 6,970 session views by 4,787 users. Our graduate students continue to perform well at the national stage and Jaclyn Fiola, PhD candidate received four national scholarships. Thomas Todaro, MS, accepted a university position as a Viticulture Extension Educator. Dami’s program also trained four (4) undergraduate students who assisted with all projects during the 2016-2017 season. 3 Ohio Grape Production (2000-2016) Production (tons) 9000 8000 7000 6000 5000 4000 3000 Production (tons) 2000 1000 0 4 2016Weather The weather data were obtained from the OARDC-weather system website at: www.oardc.ohio-state.edu/newweather/. The first quarter of 2016 proved to be a very mild winter with above average mean-temperature, and March was one of the warmest on record with a temperature of 73 oF early in the month. These early warm temperatures encouraged early deacclimation and bud break. The mean temperature during the 2nd quarter was below or near normal. We were fortunate to dodge the bullet and experienced no spring frost in Wooster. During the growing season, temperature was above normal for six consecutive months (June-Nov) with record high near 90oF in July for ~10 days and unusually warm nights. The warm weather continued during the fall season which helped with a better cold acclimation and extended the growing season to mid-late November before the first killing frost (vs. normal is October 10th). We ended the year with even more challenging temperature swings ranging from 2.7 oF on the 16th of December to 65.8 oF on the 26th. Fortunately, our freeze test showed vines to have acclimated sufficiently with no damage. As expected, GDD followed the same trend as mean temperature and we finished the season with 3,369 GDD, or 300 GDD above both 2015 and the 30-yr average. Previously, the 3000-mark was reached in 2010 and 2012, both were vintage years. Precipitation was above the 30-year average in February, March, August and October, but below average in April through July. The relatively dry spell reduced disease pressure thus clean fruit throughout harvest. The wet October (1.25” average) was a bit of a spoiler and made harvest more interesting. Even with all the fluctuations, we ended the year at only 1” greater than the long term average with a total rainfall of 32.47”. 5 Fig.1 Monthy Mean Temperature - Wooster 80.0 70.0 60.0 50.0 40.0 30.0 Temperature (F) 20.0 10.0 0.0 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 2015 2016 30-yr avg (1982 - 2011) Fig. 2 Deviation from 30-year average - 2016 Temperature - Wooster 9.0 8.0 7.0 6.0 F) o ( ( 5.0 4.0 3.0 2.0 Temperature 1.0 0.0 -1.0 -2.0 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Deviation from Average 6 Fig. 3 Monthly GDD - Wooster 800 700 600 500 400 GDD 300 200 100 0 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Month 2015 2016 30-yr Avg (1982-2011) Fig. 4 Cummulative GDD - Wooster 4000 3500 3000 2500 2000 GDD 1500 1000 500 0 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 2015 2016 30-yr Avg (1982-2011) 7 Fig. 5 Monthly Precipitation - Wooster 6.00 5.00 4.00 3.00 2.00 Precipitation (inches) Precipitation 1.00 0.00 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 2015 2016 30-yr avg (1982-2011) Fig. 6 Cumulative Precipitation - Wooster 40 35 30 25 20 15 precipitation (inches) 10 5 0 Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec 2015 2016 30-yr avg (1982-2011) 8 Fig. 7 Collection: 24 February 2017, Wooster 4 2 0 -2 -4 LT50 (F) -6 -8 -10 Fig. 8 Collection: 13 Mar 17, Wooster 10.0 5.0 0.0 -5.0 LT50 (F) -10.0 -15.0 -20.0 9 Viticulture Research The OSU Viticulture Program is involved with three major research areas based on the strategic plan developed by OGIC. The research focus areas are:1) Mitigation of winter freeze and spring frost injuries in grapes; 2) Improving fruit and wine quality using sustainable production practices in vineyards and wineries; and 3) Evaluation of viticultural and enological performances of grape varieties, clones, and rootstocks new to Ohio. The following projects were funded during FY17 and are described in details in this section. 1) Trunk Renewal Methods for Vine Recovery After Winter Injury 2) Evaluation of Performance and Cultural Practices of Promising Winegrape Varieties 10 Project #1: Trunk Renewal Methods for Vine Recovery After Winter Injury OSU Investigators: Imed Dami and Thomas Todaro Trial Location: Ferrante Vineyards, Geneva Project Type: Research and Extension Status: Completed Objectives: Almost all cold tender varieties sustained die-back (trunk damage) or died in 2014. Recovering vines that produced new growth (canes) were damaged again after the freezing events in February 2015. The responses of vines to back-to-back cold stress events are unknown and dealing with “re-damaged” vines requires special practices in the vineyard. Many vinifera growers are faced with this situation during the 2015 season. The central dilemma is what is good for the vine is not necessarily good for the grower’s bottom line. It is the purpose of this study to answer the question “how can the grower strike a balance between producing a healthy vine while generating some revenue?” The goal of this project was to provide growers with objective and research-based information that outlines the pros and cons of the different training systems. Procedures: This trial started during the spring of 2015 and Thomas Todaro, OSU graduate student established three training systems using varieties at AARS in Kingsville and at Ferrante Vineyards in Geneva (Figure 1). Treatments consisted of training new shoots (suckers), that emerged from live buds (buried in 2014), on one of three (3) training systems: 1) fan system; 2) VSP (industry standard); 3) a combination of fan and VSP. In 2015 (year 1), data were collected on damage of buds and canes above ground and under the soil mound. Canopy growth (leaf area) was measured, and yield and fruit composition were collected. In March-April 2016 (year 2), vines were trained back to the existing VSP system and different spur and cane pruning combinations (Figures 2 & 3). Timing of pruning, training, and managing each system were recorded (Figure 4). 11 Figure 1. Schematic diagram of the three training systems used after the winter damage in 2015.
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