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Brief Biographies of Islamic Sufi Shuyookh of Ihsan

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Brief Biographies of Islamic Sufi Shuyookh of Ihsan CIFIA GLOBAL JOURNAL VOL – 1 e-ISSN 2582-6859 Published 10 JUL 2020 BRIEF BIOGRAPHIES OF ISLAMIC SUFI SHUYOOKH OF IHSAN Ash Shaikh Mir Asedullah Quadri Citation Format: Shaikh Mir Asedullah Quadri, “An Overview of Islamic Sufi Orders, CIFIA Global Journal, Vol 1, July 2020 ِص َرا َط ا َّل ِذي َن - Abstract Who are the people referred to as the path of those on whom You have ] أَ ْنعَ ْم َت عَ َليْ ِه ْم The lives of Islamic Sufi Shuyookh of Ihsan is a phenomenon awarded your bestowal] in the above verse? of Islamic virtue and simple living which shows about their struggles in teaching Muslims during lives. It is important that The Quran has replied to the question. people know the importance of Sufi Shuyookh in Muslim Society. We have provided in this article the brief biography َفأُو َلـئِ َك مع ا َّل ِذي َن أَ ْنعم َّللا ع َليْهم ِم َن ال َّنبي ي َن - It is in Quran ٰ َ َ َ َ َّ ُ َ ِ ِ ِ of 5 Shuyookh of Ihsan, Shaikh Abdul Qadir Jeelani, Khwaja ُ These are] َوال ِ ص ِ دي ِقي َن َوالش َه َدا ِء َوال َّصا ِل ِحي َن ۚ َو َحسُ َن أو َل ٰـئِ َك َرفِي ًقا Moinuddin Chishtee, Shaikh Abul Hasan Shadhili, Khwaja .the people upon whom Allah has bestowed favors رضئ ) Bahauddin Naqshband and Shaikh Umar Suharwardi They are among the prophets, truthful people, the .(ہللا تعالی عنہم Keywords: Sufism, Ihsan, Islamic Shuyookh, Sufi Shaikhs, martyrs, and the righteous, and what a majestic Qadri, Chisti, Naqshbandi, Shadhili, Suharwardy . company are they?] (An-Nisa - 69) Introduction Who are the people who have been referred in and not the path] غَيْ ِر ا ْل َم ْغ ُضو ِب عَ َليْ ِه ْم َو َﻻ ال َّضا ِ لي َن - verse is generally used to of those who are subjected to Your Wrath, and (اعظم) 'The Arabic word 'Azam describe 'the greatness / importance of a person the path of those who have gone astray]? Imam ,(وزىر اﻻعظم) or group. Like Wazir al-Azam is 'to punish and (غَ َض ب ) The meanings of wrath غوث ) or Ghawth al-Azam (امام اﻻعظم) al-Azam etc. impose penalty on the wrongdoers'. The ,(اﻻعظم ,is 'those who are rebels (ا ْل َم ْغ ُضو ِب عَ َليْ ِه ْم ) meaning of Hadith is (ال َّضا ِ لي َن ) sinful and guilty'. The meaning of صلى ) There is an authentic of the Prophet َّ .'will never let 'disbelievers and ignorant people (عَز َو َج َّل ) saying, Allah (ہللا عليه و آله وسلم my Ummah agree upon misguidance and the is over the (most important) Among Muslims, there are some people who (عَ َّز َو َج َّل ) hand of Allah the follow different sects and their believes come) (سواد اﻻعظم) 'group, so follow Sawad al-Azam most important group) and whoever dissents from under the purview of apostasy / polytheism / them departs to Hell’. (Tirmidhi 4/2167; Hakim hypocrisy / blasphemy, etc. These are faithless 1/116 – Ad-Dhahabi agreed with him) Muslims even though they recite Kalima Tayyiba verbally and claim themselves to be Muslims and The Quran identifies this group among Muslims. act upon certain Islamic deeds. ْ َ ْ َ َّ َ ْ رضئ ہللا تعالی ) It is in Hadith - Abu Said Al-Khudri اه ِدنَا ال ِ ص َراط ال ُم ْستَ ِقي َم - ِص َراط ال ِذي َن أنعَ ْم َت - It is in Quran َ ْ ْ َ (صلى ہللا عليه و آله وسلم) narrated - Allah’s Apostle (عنہ O Our Lord) Lead) ] عَليْ ِه ْم غَيْ ِر ال َمغ ُضو ِب عَليْ ِه ْم َو َﻻ ال َّضا ِلي َن us (help us walk) on the straight path. The path said ‘there will appear some people among you (of Sahih Iman), of those on whom You have whose prayer will make you look down upon awarded Your bestowal; not the path of those yours, and whose fasting will make you look down who have been subjected to Your Wrath, and the upon yours, and they will recite Qur'an (in path of those who have gone astray.] (Al-Fatiha – melodious voices and memorize it) but Quran will 6-7) not go down their throats (they will misunderstand CIFIA GLOBAL JOURNAL VOL – 1 e-ISSN 2582-6859 Published 10 JUL 2020 and misinterpret the meanings of Quran and them and who teaches them the book and mislead people) and will go out of Islam as the wisdom.] (Aal-e-Imraan - 164). arrow goes out of the bow. (Bukhari) The above Quranic verse testifies that the is, in addition (تزكية النفس) The above people are not part of Swad al-Azam purification of inner self to the teaching of Quran and Sunnah. What is the .(سواد اﻻعظم) purification of inner self? It is the attention of the أَ َﻻ إ َّن أَو ِلي اء َّللاِ َﻻ َخوف ع َليْهم و َﻻ ُهم ي ْح َز ُنو َن - It is in Quran .(طا ِلب ۔ مري د) Shaikh towards the seeker ِ ْ َ َ َّ ْ َ ِ ْ َ ْ َ - ا َّل ِذي َن آ َم ُنوا َو َكا ُنوا يَتَّ ُقو َن - َل ُه ُم ا ْلبُ ْش َر ٰى فِي ا ْل َحيَاةِ ال د ْنيَا َوف ِي ا ْْل ِخ َرةِ ۚ Behold the friends Below, we have provided brief biographies of 5] َﻻ تَبْ ِدي َل ِل َك ِل َما ِت ََّّللاِ ۚ َٰ ذ ِل َك ُه َو ا ْل َف ْو ُز ا ْلعَ ِظي ُم of Allah! On them shall come no fear, nor shall famous Sufi Shuyookh of Ihsan. they grieve. These are they, who have believed رضئ هللا تعالی ) in Allah and are mindful of Him (the feeling of Shaikh Abdul Qadir Jeelani (عنه closeness of Allah) and (have consequently abstained from everything evil). To them tidings Shaikh Mohiuddin Abu Mohammad Abdul Qadir come (from Allah) of a happy life both in this world was (رضئ هللا تعالی عنه) al-Jilani al-Ghawth al-Azam and in Hereafter. The word of Allah is never born in 470 AH (1077 AD). His lineage is known revoked. This is a great felicity] (Younus - 62-64). as Golden Chain, as both his parents were صلى هللا) descendants of the Apostle Mohammad ولي ) It is in Hadith - Whoever takes a Wali of mine Shaikh's noble father, Abdullah Abu .(عليه و آله وسلم ,an enemy, I will wage a war on him (Bukhari (ہللا traced his ,(رضئ هللا تعالی عنه) part of the Hadith). Saleh Jangidost while ,(رضئ هللا تعالی عنه) descent to Imam Hassan رضئ) The emphasis on ‘Wali of mine’ in the above his revered mother, Umm al-Khayr Fatimah رضئ هللا) traced hers to Imam Hussain ,(هللا تعالی عنها Hadith shows that Awliya Allah (the people of It is reported that within a few years of .(تعالی عنه Ihsan) are the chosen ones. Surely, they are the his birth, his father died. He was looked after by .(سواد اﻻعظم) group of Swad al-Azam his mother and his maternal grandfather. A few Awliya Allah are the people of Ihsan among years later, his maternal Grand Father also died. Muslims. Chiefs among them are the Sufi Shaikh spent his childhood in Na'if, the town of Shuyookh of Ihsan who teach people ‘the his birth in Jeelan. When he was about 5 years and help them walk (تزكية النفس) ’purification of self old, his mother enrolled him into a local Madrasa. on the right path of Islam. They teach people how He studied there for 5 years till he was 10 years to do Tauba (repentance), to follow the tenets of old. At the age of 18 (488 AH - 1095 AD) Shaikh Islam, Salah, Zakat, Fasting and Hajj. Then they took permission from his mother to move to ,epithets (ع َّز وج َّل ) teach them to do zikr of Allah’s Baghdad for higher studies. Baghdad was then َ َ َ Asma-e-Elahiyya daily under their supervision. the capital of Abbasid caliphate and the hub of They teach individual Murideen as per their knowledge in the Islamic world. This was also a capacity to learn and implement the intrinsic spirit period of political upheaval, when the crusaders of Islam. Every Sufi Shaikh has adopted certain were active in Palestine, Syria, and Turkey. ways to teach their Murideen. These ways are known as Tariqa. They teach them about Islamic In Baghdad, the Shaikh studied under many Shuyook. After his formal education, Shaikh (تزكية النفس) Tauheed and cleanse their inner self from their Tawajjoh (attention). spent twenty-five years as a reclusive wanderer in the desert regions of Iraq where he hardly َل َق ْد م َّن ََّّللا ع َلى ا ْلم ْؤ ِمنِي َن إ ْذ بَع َث فِيهم رسُو ًﻻ ِ م ْن - It is in Quran found anything to eat. After this extensive period َ ُ َ ُ ِ َ ِ ْ َ ,Certainly] أَن ُف ِسهم يَ ْت ُلو ع َليْهم آيَاتِ ِه ويُ َز ِ كيهم ويُع ِ لمهم ا ْل ِكتَاب وا ْل ِح ْكم َة .in the way of Allah, he returned to Baghdad ِ ْ َ ِ ْ َ ِ ْ َ َ ُ ُ ُ َ َ َ Allah has done a favor on the believers when He رضئ هللا تعالی) sent to them an Apostle from among them, who Shaikh Mubarak Ibn al-Mukharrimi was the Shaikh-e-Tariqat of Shaikh Abdul (عنه reads them the divine verses and who purifies CIFIA GLOBAL JOURNAL VOL – 1 e-ISSN 2582-6859 Published 10 JUL 2020 Looking at the received early education, first at home then at a .(رضئ هللا تعالی عنه) Qadir extraordinary abilities of Ghousul Azam, he made local Madrasa where he learned Hadith, Fiqh and him In charge of his school located at Bab al-Azj.
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