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Dġn-Devlet Ġlġġkġsġ Açisindan Menzġl Cemaatġ Örneğġ

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Dġn-Devlet Ġlġġkġsġ Açisindan Menzġl Cemaatġ Örneğġ DĠN-DEVLET ĠLĠġKĠSĠ AÇISINDAN MENZĠL CEMAATĠ ÖRNEĞĠ Ali Rıza KILIÇ YÜKSEK LĠSANS TEZĠ Kamu Yönetimi Anabilim Dalı DanıĢman: Yrd. Doç. Dr. Rahman DAĞ Adıyaman Adıyaman Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Aralık, 2017 TEZ ETĠK VE BĠLDĠRĠM SAYFASI Yüksek Lisans/Doktora Tezi olarak sunduğum „„Din-Devlet ĠliĢkisi Açısından Menzil Cemaati Örneği” baĢlıklı çalıĢmanın, tarafımdan, bilimsel ahlak ve geleneklere aykırı düĢecek bir yardıma baĢvurmaksızın yazıldığını ve yararlandığım eserlerin kaynakçada gösterilenlerden oluĢtuğunu, bunlara atıf yapılarak yararlanılmıĢ olduğunu belirtir ve onurumla doğrularım. ÖZET DĠN-DEVLET ĠLĠġKĠSĠ AÇISINDAN MENZĠL CEMAATĠ ÖRNEĞĠ Ali Rıza KILIÇ Kamu Yönetimi Anabilim Dalı Adıyaman Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Aralık 2017 DanıĢman: Yrd. Doç. Dr. Rahman DAĞ Osmanlı Devleti‟nden günümüz Türkiye‟sine kadar hemen hemen her dönemde siyasi iktidarlar ile dini gruplar arasında karĢılıklı çıkarlar doğrultusunda bir etkileĢim süregelmiĢtir. Bazı dönemlerde dini gruplar siyasi otoriteyi etkilerken bazı dönemlerde de siyasi iktidarlar dini grupları kendi menfaatleri doğrultusunda etkilemiĢtir. Çok partili hayata geçiĢ ile birlikte Türkiye‟deki dini gruplar sosyal alandaki varlığını artırarak özellikle bürokrasi alanında yoğunluk kazanmaya baĢlamıĢtır. Günümüz Türkiye‟sine bakıldığında ise bazı dini grupların siyasi iktidarı etkilemeye çalıĢtığı görülmektedir. Bu çalıĢmanın odak noktası ise NakĢibendi tarikatının Türkiye‟deki dini gruplarından biri olan Menzil Cemaati‟nin din-devlet iliĢkisi açısından günümüze olan etkilerini incelemektir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Menzil Cemaati, Tarikat, Devlet, Dini Gruplar, Türkiye iii ABSTRACT The Case of Menzil Cemaati in term of Religion-Public Relationship Ali Rıza KILIÇ Department of Public Administration Adıyaman University Graduate School of Social Studies December 2017 Supervisor: Asist. Prof. Rahman DAĞ From the Ottoman Empire to today‟s Turkey, there has been an interaction between political powers and religious groups in almost every period in the direction of mutual interests. In some periods religious groups affected the political authority, but in some periods political powers affected the religious groups in their own interests. Along with the multi-party alliance, the religious groups in Turkey started to increase their presence in the social area, especially in the field of bureaucracy. When we look at today‟s Turkey, it is seen that some religious groups try to influence political power. The focus of this study is to examine the daily impact of the Naqshbandi cult one of the religious groups in Turkey, on the religious-state relationship. Keywords: Menzil Cemaati, Cult, State, Religious Groups, Turkey iv ÖN SÖZ Bu çalıĢma, Türkiye‟de dini gruplardan biri olan Menzil Cemaati‟nin din-devlet iliĢkisi çerçevesinde siyaset ile olan iliĢkisini incelemektedir. Bu hususta ilk olarak tasavvufun doğuĢu, tarikatların kurumsallaĢması ve devletin varlık nedeni ve görevlerinin neler olduğu konusu ele alınmıĢ, daha sonra ise Menzil Cemaati‟nin ortaya çıkıĢı, Türkiye‟deki etkileri ve faaliyette olduğu Menzil köyü ile diğer çevre köylerinin altyapı-üstyapı geliĢmiĢlik düzeyi incelenmiĢtir. Son olarak ise Menzil Cemaati‟nin siyaset ile iliĢkisi din-devlet iliĢkileri açısından ele alınmıĢtır. ÇalıĢmanın yapıldığı zaman dilimi içerisinde genel olarak konuyla ilgili yazılmıĢ kaynaklardan, haber sitelerinden, konuya yönelik yayınlanmıĢ makalelerden, gazete ve dergilerden faydalanmaya çalıĢılmıĢtır. Öncelikle çalıĢmanın baĢlangıç aĢamasında tez konusunu seçerken isteklerimi göz önünde bulundurup bana yardımcı olan ve sonuca kadar gerekli destek ve yardımlarda bulunan tez danıĢmanım Yrd. Doç. Dr. Rahman DAĞ‟a teĢekkürlerimi sunarım. Bu zorlu tez sürecinde benden desteğini bir an için bile esirgemeyen kardeĢim AyĢe KILIÇ ve değerli arkadaĢım Aysun DEMĠREL‟e, tüm eğitim hayatım boyunca bana maddi ve manevi desteklerini eksik etmeyen, her zaman yanımda olan ve bu hayattaki en büyük Ģansım olan aileme sonsuz teĢekkürler. Adıyaman-2017 Ali Rıza KILIÇ v ĠÇĠNDEKĠLER Sayfa No TEZ KABUL VE ONAY TUTANAĞI…………………………………………….i TEZ ETĠK VE BĠLDĠRĠM SAYFASI……………………………………………..ii ÖZET………………………………………………………………...……………...iii ABSTRACT…………………………………………………...…………………….iv ÖN SÖZ……………………………………………………………………...………v ġEKĠLLER DĠZĠNĠ………………………………………………….……………viii GĠRĠġ……………………………………………………...…………………………1 1. KAVRAMSAL ÇERÇEVE: TASAVVUF VE DEVLET..………...…….……..2 1.1. TASAVVUF….........………..………..….…………………………..………....2 1.1.1. Tasavvuf ve Tarikat ĠliĢkisi………..……………...…………….………..4 1.1.2. Ġslami Bir Ġlim Olarak Tasavvufun DoğuĢu......…............………………5 1.1.2.1. Zühd Dönemi………..……….……………...…………...………........5 1.1.2.2. Tasavvuf Dönemi...…….....…...……………….…………..………....6 1.1.2.3. Tarikat Dönemi...…..….……….…………….………………..….......6 1.1.3. Tarikatların KurumsallaĢma Süreci……….………...………………......7 1.1.4. Osmanlı’dan Türkiye’ye Miras Kalan Tarikatlar….………..…..……...8 1.1.5. NakĢibendi Tarikatı’nın Türkiye’de Etkili Olan Kolları…..…........….10 1.1.5.1. Erenköy Cemaati..……………...………….………………………..10 1.1.5.2. ĠskenderpaĢa Cemaati…………………..….……...………………..11 1.1.5.3. Ġsmailağa Cemaati…………………....……………..……………....13 1.1.5.4. Menzil Cemaati…………………..….……………...…………….....13 1.2. DEVLET………..…………………………………………...………………..16 1.2.1. Devletin Görevleri…...……………………….…………………………...27 1.2.2. Din-Devlet ĠliĢkisi……………...………….………………………………32 1.2.3. Türkiye’de Din-Devlet ĠliĢkisi Açısından Siyasal Ġslam…….……...…..39 1.3. METODOLOJĠ...…………………...……………………………………......45 BĠRĠNCĠ BÖLÜM 1. MENZĠL (DURAK) KÖYÜ: ANTROPOLOJĠK BĠR YAKLAġIM ………..49 1.1. Sekiz ġart Talimatı…………………………………………..……………..57 vi 1.2. Vird…………………………………………………………………………..57 1.3. Hatme-i Hacegan……………………………..…………………………......57 ĠKĠNCĠ BÖLÜM 2. KÖY PROFĠLLERĠNĠN DĠN-DEVLET ĠLĠġKĠLERĠ AÇISINDAN KARġILAġTIRILMASI……………………………………………………….58 2.1. Köy Profillerinin Çıkarılması………...……………………..……………..58 2.2. Köy Profili Ġle Menzil Köyü KarĢılaĢtırılması……...…………………….62 2.3. Köy Profili Üzerinden Menzil Cemaati’nin Din-Devlet ĠliĢkisi Açısından Ġncelenmesi…………………………………………………………………68 2.3.1. Devletin VatandaĢlara Hizmet Götürmesi….….....…………….…....69 2.3.2. Siyasi Partilerin Çıkarcı Tutumları…………..……………………...71 2.3.3. Menzil Cemaati’nin Çıkarcı Tutumu……….….......………….....…..74 SONUÇ…………………………………………………...…………….………..…76 KAYNAKÇA……………………………………………………………………….81 EKLER..……………………………………………………………………………91 Ek-1: Mülakat ÇalıĢması …………………….……………………………………91 Ek-2: Rıza Formu………………………………..………………………………...92 EK-3: Tezin Amacı ve Yöntemi…………………………………………..……….93 EK-4: Köylerin KalkınmıĢlık Düzeyi Ġle Ġlgili Sorular…...…...…………...……94 Ek-5: NakĢibendi Tarikatı’nın Silsilesi…………......……………………….……95 Ek-6: Menzil Cemaati’nin Tarihi Silsilesi……………..………………...……….97 Ek-7: NakĢibendi Tarikatı’nın 11 Ġlkesi……………………………..…………...98 ÖZGEÇMĠġ…………………………………………...…………...……………..101 vii ġEKĠLLER DĠZĠNĠ Sayfa No ġekil 1. Büyükbağ Köy Yolu..………………………………………………………63 ġekil 2. Menzil Köy Yolu…………………………………………………………...63 ġekil 3. Menzil Köyü Hizmet Döner Lokantası.…………………………………….64 ġekil 4. Menzil Köyü Hizmet Pastanesi……………………...…...…...……………64 ġekil 5. Çardak Köyü Su Deposu……….………......………………………………65 ġekil 6. Cumhuriyet Köyü Ġlkokulu………...…………..………………...…………65 ġekil 7. Büyükbağ Köyü Ortaokulu…..….…………………………..……………...66 ġekil 8. Menzil Köyü Ġlkokulu………………………………………………………66 ġekil 9. Menzil Köyü Ortaokulu…………………………………………………….67 ġekil 10. Göçeri Köyü Devlet Hastanesi……………………………………………67 viii GĠRĠġ Bu çalıĢmanın ana konusu NakĢibendi tarikatının Türkiye‟deki kollarından biri olan Menzil Cemaati‟nin din-devlet iliĢkisi bağlamında incelenmesidir. Türkiye‟nin sosyo-politik gerçeklerinden biri olan tarikatlar incelediğinde, kendi varlıklarını hemen hemen her dönemde hissettiren ve günümüz modern yapılar içerisinde faaliyetlerini sürdüren tarihi bir geçmiĢe sahip kurumlar olarak görülmektedir. Ġslam medeniyetinin ortaya çıkıĢından sonra Ġslami ilimlerden birisi olan tasavvuf, ilgilendiği alanın öneminden dolayı tarikat olarak adlandırılan yapıları beraberinde getirmiĢtir. Mustafa Kara‟ya göre bu yapılar, kavramların iĢlevselliği ve sürekliliğinden ötürü tarihsel süreç içerisinde zamandan ve mekandan bağımsız olarak ortaya çıkmıĢlardır.1 Ġnsan hayatının hemen hemen her safhasında yer alan ve kendi düĢüncelerini dile getiren tarikatları anlayabilmek için ilk ortaya çıktıkları andan baĢlayarak günümüze kadar gelen tarihlerine bakmak yararlı olacaktır. Uzun bir tarihi geçmiĢe sahip olan NakĢibendi‟ler Türkiye‟de geniĢ bir kitleye sahip olmakla birlikte özellikle de Cumhuriyet döneminden günümüze kadar gelen süreçte yaygın dini örgüt olarak kabul edilmektedir. Nitekim Kemal Karpat‟ın „„Ġslam‟ın SiyasallaĢması‟‟ adlı eserinde „„Bugün Türkiye‟de NakĢibendi tarikatına bağlı 8 ila 10 milyon arasında sempatizan bulunmaktadır. Ġrili ufaklı pek çok dini grup NakĢibendi kökenlidir.‟‟ diyerek NakĢibendi tarikatının ne kadar yaygın bir dini örgüt olduğunu belirtmektedir.2 Menzil Cemaati ise NakĢibendi tarikatına bağlı olup, son yıllarda Türkiye‟de varlığını hissettiren dini gruplardandır. Türkiye tarihi içerisinde tasavvufi hareketlerden birisi olan NakĢibendi tarikatı, Mevlana Halid Bağdadi‟den sonra kendi içerisinde pek çok muhtelif kollara ayrılmıĢtır. ÇalıĢmanın ana konusu Menzil Cemaati olmakla birlikte, tasavvufun doğuĢu, NakĢibendi tarikatının ortaya çıkıĢı ve tarikata bağlı diğer NakĢi gruplarının neler olduğuna da değinilecektir. Tasavvuf, oldukça geniĢ bir alan olmasından dolayı 1Mustafa Kara, Din, Hayat, Sanat Açısından Tekkeler ve Zaviyeler, Dergah Yayınları, Ġstanbul 2013,
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