Index of Grammatical Topics

Home , Agent noun, Catenative verb

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Index of grammatical topics

Abstract nouns hufàl-related adjectives, 121 abstract vs. concrete, 127 in nominal sentences, 318 countable or non-countable, 127 in subjectless sentences, 317 derived from participles, 146 noun + adjective phrases, 253 derived from verbs, general, 47, ordinal numbers as adjectives, 187 143 passive participles as adjectives, 57 ending with -´ã, 147-148 pièl-related adjectives, 81 gender and number, 7 preceded by degree adverbs, 215 infinitives as abstract nouns, 145 present participles as adjectives, with the definite article, 132, 387 general, 2 Acronyms, 155-157 puàl-related adjectives, 91, 96 stress in acronyms, 29 superlative, 258 Action verbs, 54 the number one as adjective, 183 Active participle, 143 with prepositions, 236 as adjective, 202-203 Adjunct, 3, 4, 315, 343 as agent noun, 144 Adverbial clauses, general, 349 in habitual aspect phrases, 298 Adverbs, 209 in object clauses, 343 adverbs and similar prepositional vowel reduction in active phrases, 244 participles, 420 adverbs as determiners like -¦è, Adjectives, 194 285 agreement with the head noun, 256 adverbs as predicates, 320 comparative, 257 adverbs as topics, 368 construct phrase modified by adverbs that act like conjunctions, adjectives, 270 248 distinguishing between adjectives adverbs used for time and place and adverbs, 212 deixis, 371 expanded into a relative clause, 345 expanded into adverbial clauses, expanded into an attributive clause, 349 344 in comparative and superlative head of a construct phrase, 265 constructions, 195 hifìl verbs derived from adjectives, Adverbs of degree, 209, 214, 257 117 Adverbs of direction, 214 hifìl-related adjectives, 108 Adverbs of manner, 213 hitpaèl verbs derived from Adverbs of place, 214 adjectives, 104 Adverbs of time, 214

Index of grammatical topics 439

Agent nouns Borrowed words, 9, 20, 24, 29 no focus on agent noun in some Bound construct, 266 binyanim, 78, 95, 124 C1=n dropped, 48 participles as agent nouns, 36, 144 in hifìl, 112 patterns of agent nouns, 149 in hufàl, 122-123 Agentive verbs, 86 in nifàl, 77 Anaphora, 279, 383 in paàl, 66 Apposition phrases, 260-262, 425, summary of irregularities, 414 428 C1=y dropped, 48 Articles, 128 summary of irregularities, 414 followed by dagesh ƫazak, 25 C1=y mute in construct phrases, 131, 266 in hifìl, 113-114 in noun phrases, 270 in hufàl, 123 in sentences of possession, 327 in nifàl, 76 with demonstrative pronouns, 278 in paàl, 66 with ordinal numbers, 188 C1= mute, 64 with other determiners, 285 in paàl, 64 with prefixed prepositions, 230 summary of irregularities, 414 Ashkenazi dialect, 31 C2=C3, 48 Aspect, 38 in hifìl, 115 habitual, 298, 387 in hitpaèl, 101 in Biblical Hebrew, 40 in nifàl, 77 initiating, continuing, ending, 292 in paàl, 70 temporal aspect in modality, 306 in pièl, 85 Attribute, 3, 4, 261, 315 in puàl, 92 Attributive clauses, 314, 344 summary of irregularities, 414 B k p, 25, 411-412 C2=w/y, 48 in hifìl, 110-111 in hifìl, 112 in hitpaèl, 101 in hitpaèl, 102 in hufàl, 122 in hufàl, 122 in nifàl, 74-75 in nifàl, 77 in paàl, 61 in pièl, 85 in pièl, 84 in puàl, 92 summary of variations, 411 summary of irregularities, 415 Binyan, 4, 56 C3=y mute, 48 default verbal nouns associated in hifìl, 115 with binyanim, 146 in hitpaèl, 103 related abstract nominalizations, in hufàl, 123, 365 143-146 in nifàl, 77

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440 Index of grammatical topics

in paàl, 70 Consonants, 16-20 in pièl, 86 in Mizraƫi pronunciation, 31 in puàl, 93 Construct phrases, 131, 192, 252, summary of irregularities, 415 261-275 C3= mute, 48 Coordinate sentences, 334, 337, 426 in hifìl, 114 Coordinating conjunctions, 245-246, in hitpaèl, 102 339 in nifàl, 76 Coordinators, 10 in paàl, 69, 414 Copula, 318-321, 428 in pièl, 86 Countable nouns, 126 in puàl, 93 Dagesh ƫazak, 25 summary of irregularities, 415 distinguishing two ¦£¬í patterns, Cardinal numbers, 177, 182-183, 205 188 for an assimilated 'ª, 66-67, 71-77, Cataphora, 384 229 Causative verbs, 89, 115-119 in §£¦®¥, 115, 414 Cause clauses, 353-354 marking hitpaèl, 97 Chain (catenative) verb phrases, 294 marking pièl, 81 Citation form, 34, 47 marking puàl, 90 Closed word classes, 1, 7-9 Dagesh kal, 25 Coherence, 382-384 Days of the week, 177, 190-191 Cohesion, 382-384 Declarative sentences, 333 Comment, 171, 218, 326, 331, 366- Definite article, 15, 125, 128 369, 426-427 followed by dagesh ƫazak, 25 Common nouns, 128, 153 in construct phrases, 131, 266, 270 Comparative clauses, 352 in sentences of possession, 327 Comparative phrases, 257 with abstract nouns, 132 Complement clauses, 314, 340-341 with demonstrative pronouns, 278 Complex sentences, 334, 338 with ordinal numbers, 188 Compound nouns, 185, 266-267 with other determiners, 285 Compound sentences, 314, 334, 337- with prefixed prepositions, 230 338 Demonstrative pronouns, 3, 158, Compound verb phrases, 288, 291, 170-171, 277-279 296-297, 359, 361 Demonstrative pronouns of close Compounding, 142-143 proximity, 278 Concession clauses, 356 Demonstrative pronouns of remote Concrete nouns, 127 proximity, 279 Conditional sentences, 314, 357-362 Dependent noun in construct, 129, Consequence clauses, 355 264

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Index of grammatical topics 441

Desire, 215, 297-300, 305, 311, 342 hitpaèl, 98 Determiners, 10, 252, 277, 283-286 hufàl, 121 Dialectal variations, 16, 31 in conditional sentences, 357 Direct object, 51, 289 nifàl, 72 as a relative pronoun, 174 paàl, 59 expanded to object clause, 341 pièl, 83 in sentences of possession, 327 puàl, 91 object of a relative clause, 346 sentences of possession in the topicalized, 368 future, 328 Direct speech, 373-374, 387, 389 Gender, 7, 128, 132, 253 Discourse agreement, 14, 254, 256 conversation and narrative, 384 form and meaning, 132 discourse and text, 365 in adjectives, 194 Double construct, 262, 272-273 in construct phrases, 270 Elliptical sentences, 314, 330-331, in demonstrative pronouns, 277 335 in existential sentences, 323 Equational sentences, 318-319 in expanded direct objects, 343 et ´, 51, 225 in long construct phrases, 274 in possessive sentences with in numerals, 184, 282 definite subjects, 327 in numerical and quantifier phrases, when direct object is topicalized, 282 368 in relative clauses, 346 with pronoun suffixes, 227, 233 in sentences of possession, 325 Exclamatory sentences, 333 markings, 134 Existential expressions, 166, 323, no agreement in adverbs, 212 325, 328 of copula, 318 Existential sentences, 314, 318, 323, of linking verbs, 322 325 Genres of text, 382 Expanded verb phrases, 291, 294 Gerund Expectation, 245, 298, 300, 303 in noun phrases, 287 Focus, 43, 326, 366, 369 infinitive as gerund, 46 Foreign suffixes, 29, 143 Guttural Foreign words, 18-20, 50, 87, 94 a stem vowel in paàl, 60 Fractions, 177, 188-189, 193 gutturals and ƫataf, 22 Free counting, 177 in hifìl, 111 Furtive pataƫ, 23, 29, 413 in hitpaèl, 101 Future tense, 38 in hufàl, 122 future of modal verbs, 306 in nifàl, 75 hifìl, 109 in paàl, 62

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442 Index of grammatical topics

in pièl, 84 Impersonal pronouns, 176 in puàl, 92 Impersonal sentences, 316 no dagesh ƫazak, 26 Inchoative verbs, 33, 54, 56, 78-80 summary of irregularities, 412 Independent subject pronouns, 158, Habitual aspect phrases, 288, 298 160, 165 ƪataf vowels, 21-23, 58, 62, 75, 84, Indirect object 92, 101, 122, 141, 195, 201, 204, as agents in passive sentences, 78 206, 229, 246, 419-421, 433 as heads of relative clauses, 346 Head, 315 as pronouns after prepositions, 158, agreement with (general), 13 175 and the copula, 318 following verbs with obligatory in adjective phrases and adjectival prepositions, 290 predicates, 194, 212 with transitive verb, 52 in construct phrases, 261, 263, 265, Indirect speech, 365, 373-376 270, 272-273 Infinitive, 44 in numeral and quantifier phrases, after modal verb, 298, 300 282 as abstract noun, 145 in numeral phrases, 183 as head of sentence, 320 in phrases of possession, 275 as topic, 368 in sentences of possession, 325 in a noun phrase, 287 of clause modifiers, 286 in catenative verb phrases, 294 of expanded verb phrases, 291, 296 in compound verb phrases, general, of prepositional phrase, 10 291 of relative clauses, 345 in expanded verb phrases, 291 Hifìl, 5, 34, 40, 47, 56, 108-119, 202, in hifìl, 110 308, 433 in hitpaèl, 99 Hitpaèl, 5, 47, 49, 56, 79, 80, 85, 92, in imperative sentence, 333 97-107, 202, 308 in impersonal sentences, 317 Hufàl, 5, 45, 47, 56, 119-124, 203, in nifàl, 74 304 in object clauses, 342 Hypothetical conditional clauses, in paàl, 61 362 in pièl, 83 Imperative mood, 44 in two-kernel verb phrases, 295 in hifìl, 109-110 no infinitive in sentences of in hitpaèl, 98, 101 possession, 329-330 in nifàl, 73 Infinitive absolute, 45, 145 in paàl, 60 Instrumental nouns, 140, 144, 147, in pièl, 83 149-150, 424 Imperative sentences, 316, 333 Integrated sentences, 314

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Index of grammatical topics 443

Intent clauses, 355 phrases of possession, 275-277 Interjections, 3, 12, 331, 431 prepositional phrases, 281 Interrogative pronouns, 3, 11, 173 with demonstrative pronouns, 277- Interrogative sentences, 333 281 Intransitive verbs, 51-52, 118 with determiners, 283-286 Irregular verbs, 48, 62, 75, 85, 92, Number, 7, 137 101, 111, 122 agreement, 14, 254, 256 Jussive, 40-41 agreement in compound nouns, 267 Ktiv ƫaser, 24 agreement in construct phrase, 129, Ktiv male, 24, 433-434 264 Linear derivation, 140-142, 150, agreement in copula, 318 195, 253, 314 agreement in object clause, 343 Linking verbs, 33, 52-53, 321-322, agreement in sentences of 361 possession, 325, 328 Location clauses, 350 agreement with the predicate, 366 Location/location nouns, 11, 12, 147, marking in verb system, 33 150, 156, 170-171, 201, 214, 239- Numerals, 177-193 244, 268, 320, 350, 369-370, 372 Numerical phrases, 183, 282 Manner clauses, 351 Numerical value of letters, 190-191 Mapik, 25-27 Object clauses, 341-343 Matres lectionis, 23-24 Object complement, 4, 248, 342, 363 Mishkal, 4, 139, 141, 154, 156 Obligation, 146, 245, 301, 303 Mizraƫi dialect, 31 Obligatory prepositions, 10, 33, 51, Modal verbs, 288, 298, 300-312 53, 236, 290 Modality, 300, 304-306, 311, 387 Open word classes, 7- 8, 13 Nif`al, 5, 47, 56, 71-81, 98, 116, 203 Ordinal numbers, 177, 187-188, 191, Nominal predicate, 4, 252 198 Nominal sentences, 52, 167, 314, 318 Pa`al, 5, 47, 49, 56-70, 202-203, 308, Non-countable nouns, 126-127 413 Non-restrictive relative clauses, 348, Particles, 225-251 427 conjunctions, 245-248 Noun phrase, 252-287 exclamation particles, 250-251 apposition noun phrases, 260-261 prepositions, 228-245 comparative and superlative subordinators, 248 phrases, 257-260 Partitive numerals, 188 construct phrases, 262-275 Parts of speech, 1-3, 7 gerunds and infinitives in noun Passive participle phrases, 287 as adjectives, 203 noun + adjective, 253-256 as modal verbs, 307

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444 Index of grammatical topics

as nouns, 145 compund verbs – one or two in hufàl, 121 predicates?, 295 in paàl, 57 existential expressions as in puàl, 91, 96 predicates, 167 Past tense, 37, 40 in nominal sentences, 318 hifìl, 109 in simple sentences, 334 hitpaèl, 97 prepositional phrase as predicate, hufàl, 121 320 in habitual aspect phrases, 298 the verb phrase as a predicate, 288 in indirect speech, 374 predicate whose subject is a in modal expression, 310 demonstrative pronoun, 171 in modal verbs, 307 with linking verbs, 321 in nominal sentences, 320 without linking verb, 53 in sentences of possession, 328 Predicate clauses, 341 nifàl, 72 Prefixed pronouns, 158, 164 paàl, 58 Preposition, 10, 225 pièl, 82 a closed class, 9 puàl, 91 associated with nouns, 236 suffixes, 164 associated with verbs, 236-237 Pataƫ gnuva, 23, 29, 413 complex prepositions, 231 Permission, 115, 222, 300, 302 in context, 239 Person deixis, 371 in dictionary entries, 34 Pièl, 5, 34, 47, 49, 56, 81-89, 202- in indirect object relative clauses, 204 346 Place deixis, 372 in questions, 12 Possessed noun, 170, 272, 275-276, in sentences of possession, 324 328 in topicalization, 368 Possession sentences, 314, 318, 323- of direction -¦/¦, 241 330 of duration, 244 Possessive pronouns, 26, 131, 154, of location -, ¦¬, 240 169-170, 234, 263, 272, 276 of location/position ¦°, 242 Possessor noun, 272-273, 275-276 of time -, 240 Possibility, 288, 298-302, 309, 311, one-word prepositions, 231 385 prefixed to nouns, 229 Predicate, 4, 315 preposition of possession ¦³, 239 agreement, 14 verbs with obligatory prepositions, and definiteness, 255 53, 290 apposition phrase as predicate, 261 with indirect objects, 51 with interrogative pronouns, 173

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Index of grammatical topics 445

with pronoun suffixes, 233-235 interrogative and relative pronouns, with reciprocal verbs, 80 173 ¦³ in possessive phrases, 271 noun + demonstrative pronoun, 277 Preposition phrase, 10, 228, 281, subject pronouns added to ³£ ,©£, 288, 315 166 adverbs or prepositional phrase?, suffixed to nouns and prepositions, 218, 244, 320 168, 233, 416 in impersonal sentences, 317 using ´ for general reference, in sentences of possession, 324 173 one verb with several prepositional using for general reference, 171 phrases, 237 with £², 251 Present tense, 35 word order in possessive sentences hifìl, 108 with pronouns, 326 hitpaèl, 97 Proper nouns, 125, 127, 129, 434 hufàl, 120 Puàl, 5, 44, 45, 47, 49, 56, 85, 90-96, nifàl, 72 203, 204 in existential sentences, 323 Purpose clauses, 355 in nominal sentences, 318 Quantifiers, 10 in sentences of possession, 325-326 degree adverb or quantifier?, 209, negating existential state with ©£, 216 166 in construct phrases, 275 paàl, 56 in expanded verbs, 293 pièl, 81 numerical and quantifier phrases, puàl, 90 283 suffixes, 36 ¦¥ as determiner or quantifier, 285 with modal verbs, 300 Rapid speech, 30, 329 without linking verbs, 53 Readiness, 74 Probability, 302 Real conditional clauses, 358 Pronouns, 158-176 Reciprocal verbs, 78, 80, 103, 105, agreement, 15 107 as copula, 318 Referent, 13, 170-171, 345, 371, 383 demonstrative pronouns, 170 Reflexive verbs, 79, 103, 105-106 demonstrative pronouns as copula, Register, 31, 364, 377 320 hitpaèl vs. nitpaèl, 98 forms, 36, 37, 38, 158 in adverbial clauses, 349 in construct phrases, 272 infinitive absolute, 145 in relative clauses, 346-347 literary, general, 378 in topicalized sentences, 367 mixing registers, 379 stress placement in ¨± etc., 63

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446 Index of grammatical topics

the demonstrative pronouns subject pronouns, 160 é/ é, 280 verbal sentences without subjects, the suffix -´ in adverbs, 211 316 use of jussive and cohortative, 40 Subject clauses, 340-341 use of possessive pronouns, 170 Subjectless sentences, 176, 313, 333 use of the imperative, 44 Subjunctive, 288, 299, 305, 311-312 £ªª etc., 168, 250-251 Subordinate clause, 334, 339 verbs in which C2=C3, 78 comma after, 426 verbs in which C2=w/y, 112 main propositions as subordinate ³- and £¥, 342 clauses, 220-221 Regular verbs, general, 48 modal expression + subordinate Relative clause, 11 clause, 306 and relative pronouns, 174, 347 noun + subordinate clause punctuation, 427 modifier, 286 Request, 41, 44, 218, 222, 300, 302, Subordinators, 3, 9, 11, 225, 248, 419 339, 349-351, 353, 357-359, 362, Restrictive relative clauses, 347, 427 374 Root, 4, 17, 33, 48 Suffixed pronouns, 166 in discontinuous derivation, 140 Superlative adjectives, 194-195, 252, shared meanings, 50 258 with four consonants, 49 Superlative phrases, 258 Segolate nouns, 28, 148, 153-154, Telling time, 177, 192 201, 264, 421 Time clauses, 329, 349-350 Semivowels, 23 Time deixis, 371 Sentences of possession, 328 Topic, 367 Sentential adverbs, 208-224 comma after, 426 Separated construct, 262 the possessor as topic, 326 Shva, 21-22, 43, 58, 60, 62, 72, 75, Topicalization, 367, 369 84, 92, 101, 111, 122, 179-180, Transitive verbs, 51-52, 56, 78, 105- 204, 206, 229, 230, 246, 419-421 107, 118, 225-226, 236 Simple sentence, 314, 334-339 Truncated predicates, 293 Stative verbs, 54, 56-57, 70, 206, 241 Two-kernel verb phrases, 291, 295 Stress, 28-31 Utterance, 3, 312, 364-365, 371 vowel reduction in verbs caused by Verb phrase stress shift, 74, 82, 418 chain (catenative), 294 Subject, 314, 366 compound verb phrases, 291-296 in existential sentences, 323 finite verb + finite verb, 294-295 in relative clauses, 345 habitual aspect phrases, 298 in simple sentences, 335 modal verbs, 298

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Index of grammatical topics 447

semantic grouping, 297 nifàl-related, 74 two-kernel verb phrases, 295-296 paàl-related, 61 verbs + obligatory prepositional pièl-related, 83 phrases, 290-291 Verbal sentences, 314-316, 324 Verbal nouns, 47 Vowels, 21 abstract verbal nouns associated reduction in verbs caused by stress with verbs, 146 shift, 74, 82 as ‘internal objects’, 289 with or without vowel signs, 23 gerunds and infinitives in noun Waw consecutive, 40-44 phrases, 287 Whatever, 174-175, 320 hifìl-related, 110 Whoever, 174, 275, 320, 356 hitpaèl-related, 99 Willingness, 74, 300, 304 infinitives as verbal nouns, 45, 145- Wish, 41, 215, 288, 297-300, 305, 146 309, 311, 342, 387- 388