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Verbs in Relation to Verb Complementation 11-69
1168 Complementation of verbs and adjectives Verbs in relation to verb complementation 11-69 They may be either copular (clause pattern SVC), or complex transitive verbs, or monotransitive verbs with a noun phrase object), we can give only (clause pattern SVOC): a sample of common verbs. In any case, it should be borne in mind that the list of verbs conforming to a given pattern is difficult to specífy exactly: there SVC: break even, plead guilty, Iie 101V are many differences between one variety of English and another in respect SVOC: cut N short, work N loose, rub N dry of individual verbs, and many cases of marginal acceptability. Sometimes the idiom contains additional elements, such as an infinitive (play hard to gel) or a preposition (ride roughshod over ...). Note The term 'valency' (or 'valencc') is sometimes used, instead of complementation, ror the way in (The 'N' aboye indicates a direct object in the case oftransitive examples.) which a verb determines the kinds and number of elements that can accompany it in the clause. Valency, however, incIudes the subject 01' the clause, which is excluded (unless extraposed) from (b) VERB-VERB COMBINATIONS complementation. In these idiomatic constructions (ef 3.49-51, 16.52), the second verb is nonfinite, and may be either an infinitive: Verbs in intransitive function 16.19 Where no eomplementation oecurs, the verb is said to have an INTRANSITIVE make do with, make (N) do, let (N) go, let (N) be use. Three types of verb may be mentioned in this category: or a participle, with or without a following preposition: (l) 'PURE' INTRANSITIVE VERas, which do not take an object at aH (or at put paid to, get rid oJ, have done with least do so only very rarely): leave N standing, send N paeking, knock N fiying, get going John has arrived. -
Put on Your Boots and Harrington!': the Ordinariness of 1970S UK Punk
Citation for the published version: Weiner, N 2018, '‘Put on your boots and Harrington!’: The ordinariness of 1970s UK punk dress' Punk & Post-Punk, vol 7, no. 2, pp. 181-202. DOI: 10.1386/punk.7.2.181_1 Document Version: Accepted Version Link to the final published version available at the publisher: https://doi.org/10.1386/punk.7.2.181_1 ©Intellect 2018. All rights reserved. General rights Copyright© and Moral Rights for the publications made accessible on this site are retained by the individual authors and/or other copyright owners. Please check the manuscript for details of any other licences that may have been applied and it is a condition of accessing publications that users recognise and abide by the legal requirements associated with these rights. You may not engage in further distribution of the material for any profitmaking activities or any commercial gain. You may freely distribute both the url (http://uhra.herts.ac.uk/) and the content of this paper for research or private study, educational, or not-for-profit purposes without prior permission or charge. Take down policy If you believe that this document breaches copyright please contact us providing details, any such items will be temporarily removed from the repository pending investigation. Enquiries Please contact University of Hertfordshire Research & Scholarly Communications for any enquiries at [email protected] 1 ‘Put on Your Boots and Harrington!’: The ordinariness of 1970s UK punk dress Nathaniel Weiner, University of the Arts London Abstract In 2013, the Metropolitan Museum hosted an exhibition of punk-inspired fashion entitled Punk: Chaos to Couture. -
English Grammar
This file is to be used only for a purpose specified by Palgrave Macmillan, such as checking proofs, preparing an index, reviewing, endorsing or planning coursework/other institutional needs. You may store and print the file and share it with others helping you with the specified purpose, but under no circumstances may the file be distributed or otherwise made accessible to any other third parties without the express prior permission of Palgrave Macmillan. Please contact [email protected] if you have any queries regarding use of the file. NOT FOR DISTRIBUTION English Grammar 9781137507396_01_prexiv_1pp.indd 1 25/07/16 11:43 AM NOT FOR DISTRIBUTION 9781137507396_01_prexiv_1pp.indd 2 25/07/16 11:43 AM NOT FOR DISTRIBUTION English Grammar An Introduction Third edition PETER COLLINS AND CARMELLA HOLLO 9781137507396_01_prexiv_1pp.indd 3 25/07/16 11:43 AM NOT FOR DISTRIBUTION © Peter Collins and Carmella Hollo 2000, 2009, 2017 All rights reserved. No reproduction, copy or transmission of this publication may be made without written permission. No portion of this publication may be reproduced, copied or transmitted save with written permission or in accordance with the provisions of the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988, or under the terms of any licence permitting limited copying issued by the Copyright Licensing Agency, Saffron House, 6–10 Kirby Street, London EC1N 8TS. Any person who does any unauthorized act in relation to this publication may be liable to criminal prosecution and civil claims for damages. The authors have asserted their rights to be identified as the authors of this work in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. -
Angleški Glagol 1
FILOZOFSKA FAKULTETA Angleški glagol 1 Oddelek za anglistiko 2009/2010 Zapiski s predavanj prof. dr. Ilca in izpiski iz predpisane študijske literature. The VERB Typically refers to actions, to processes (events that have a span of time between the initial and final state), states. Morphological characteristics of verbs: LEXICAL/ROOT MORPHEME – carries the lexical meaning of the verb walk,.. DERIVATIONAL MORPHEME – used to derive words from other parts of speech -fy, -en, -ise/-ize, .. INFLECTIONAL MORPHEME – carries the grammatical meaning -ed, -ing, -s,.. VERBAL PHRASE Words are joined into phrases. Structure of a phrase is always the same: premodifiers (0-3) headword postmodifiers (0-2) auxiliary verbs: lexical verb adverbial, prepositional tense particles voice aspect modality The verbal phrase (VP) normally follows the nominal phrase functioning as subject in a sentence. There are two kinds of verbal phrases: SIMPLE VERBAL PHRASE consists only of one verb, which is the headword. H H ׀ ׀ Birds fly. COMPLEX VERBAL PHRASE consists of a lexical verb as headword which is preceded by a modal auxiliary and/or by one or more primary auxiliaries as premodifiers (PreM) and/or followed by one or more postmodifiers (PostM) H PreM H ׀ ׀ ׀ Birds can fly. VP She |must have given up| smoking. PreM1 PreM2 headword (H) PostM (modality) (tense) (adverbial particle) 2 IRREGULAR VERBS Use an irregular form in the function of the past tense and/or past participle. go + [+past] = went SUPPLETION: PARTIAL Resemblance between the original and the new form build – built COMPLETE No resemblance between the original and the new form be –was SPELLING CHANGES Basic form + morphemes -s/-ed/-ing spelling change 1. -
Department of English and American Studies English
Masaryk University Faculty of Arts Department of English and American Studies English Language and Literature Tatiana Bareková English Verbs Followed by an –ing Form and an Infinitive Bachelor's Diploma Thesis Supervisor: doc. PhDr. Naděžda Kudrnáčová, CSc. 2014 I declare that I have worked on this thesis independently, using only the primary and secondary sources listed in the bibliography. …………………………………………….. Tatiana Bareková I would like to thank doc. PhDr. Naděžda Kudrnáčová, CSc. for her patient guidance. I would also like to thank my parents and friends for their encouragement. Table of Contents 1. Introduction ............................................................................................................ 5 2. Overview of the Literature .................................................................................... 7 2.1 Catenative Verbs ................................................................................................ 7 2.2 To-infinitive or -ing Form ................................................................................ 14 2.2.1 No Change of meaning ......................................................................... 16 2.2.2 Little change of meaning ..................................................................... 16 2.2.3 Fundamental change of meaning ....................................................... 17 2.3 Catenative Classes ........................................................................................... 17 2.3.1 Begin, Start ........................................................................................... -
Existential There and Catenative Concord. Evidence from the British National Corpus
Existential there and catenative concord. Evidence from the British National Corpus Arne Olofsson, University of Gothenburg 1. Introductory1 1.1 Existential sentences Like many other languages, English has a presentative construction that mainly serves to create end-focus. A subject that contains new information (normally expressed by an indefinite noun phrase) is given a position after the verb and the typical subject slot is filled by there.2 The result is, for instance, There is a teacher in the classroom in preference to A teacher is in the classroom. Syntactically, there behaves like a subject, for instance occurring in postverbal position in a direct question (Is there ...?). 1.2 Subject–verb concord There is general agreement that in the existential construction, the predicate verb (prototypically a form of be) shows concord with the notional (postponed) subject, at least in formal Standard English: (1) There is a book on the table (2) There are some books on the table 1 A similar analysis based on CobuildDirect and limited to seem is to be found in Olofsson (2007). For an analysis of the concord patterns of the basic there + be construction in contemporary spoken British English, see Martinez Insua & Palacios Martinez (2003) and Breivik & Martinez-Insua (2008). Spoken Canadian English has been similarly analysed by Meechan & Foley (1994). 2 Often in the past, this there has been regarded as an empty place-holder. However, as noted by e.g. Breivik & Martinez-Insua (2008:356) it can also be described as a presentative signal ―to tell the addressees that they must be prepared to direct their attention towards an item of new information.‖ 30 Arne Olofsson In less formal English, many speakers use and accept the singular verb, but only if it is contracted with there: There’s some books on the table. -
Queer Spellings: Magic and Melancholy in Fantasy-Fiction
QUEER SPELLINGS: MAGIC AND MELANCHOLY IN FANTASY-FICTION Jes Battis B.A., University College of the Fraser Valley, 2001 M.A., Simon Fraser University, 2003 THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY In the Department English O Jes Battis 2007 SIMON FRASER UNIVERSITY SUMMER 2007 All rights reserved. This work may not be reproduced in whole or in part, by photocopy or other means, without permission of the author. APPROVAL Name: Jes Battis Degree: Doctor of Philosophy Title of Research Project: Queer Spellings: Magic and Melancholy in Fantasy-Fiction Examining Committee: Chair: Dr. Margaret Linley Assistant Professor of English Dr. Peter Dickinson Senior Supervisor Assistant Professor of English Dr. Helen Hok-Sze Leung Supervisor Assistant Professor of Women's Studies Dr. Dana Symons Supervisor Assistant Professor of English Dr. Ann Travers Internal Examiner Assistant Professor of Sociology Dr. Veronica Hollinger External Examiner Professor of Cultural Studies, Trent University Date Approved: SIMON FRASER UNIVERSITY LIBRARY Declaration of Partial Copyright Licence The author, whose copyright is declared on the title page of this work, has granted to Simon Fraser University the right to lend this thesis, project or extended essay to users of the Simon Fraser University Library, and to make partial or single copies only for such users or in response to a request from the library of any other university, or other educational institution, on its own behalf or for one of its users. The author has further granted permission to Simon Fraser University to keep or make a digital copy for use in its circulating collection (currently available to the public at the "Institutional Repository" link of the SFU Library website <www.lib.sfu.ca> at: <http://ir.lib.sfu.ca/handle/1892/112>) and, without changing the content, to translate the thesis/project or extended essays, if technically possible, to any medium or format for the purpose of preservation of the digital work. -
For a Lark the Poetry of Songs
UNIVERSIDADE DE LISBOA FACULDADE DE LETRAS PROGRAMA EM TEORIA DA LITERATURA FOR A LARK THE POETRY OF SONGS Telmo Rodrigues DOUTORAMENTO EM ESTUDOS DE LITERATURA E DE CULTURA TEORIA DA LITERATURA 2014 Universidade de Lisboa Faculdade de Letras Programa em Teoria da Literatura FOR A LARK THE POETRY OF SONGS Telmo Rodrigues Dissertação orientada por: PROFESSOR DOUTOR ANTÓNIO M. FEIJÓ PROFESSOR DOUTOR MIGUEL TAMEN Doutoramento em Estudos de Literatura e de Cultura Teoria da Literatura 2014 Acknowledgments The work for this thesis was done under a fellowship granted by the Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT): the time granted to think is priceless, and I am indeed thankful for being allowed to benefit from it. During this period I have also benefited from the resources put at my disposal by my host institution, the Nova Institute of Philosophy (IFILNOVA). Professor António Feijó has been teaching me since my first year of undergraduate studies and Professor Miguel Tamen since I started graduate studies: I am still to this day amazed at the luck I have for being given the opportunity to work with both of them, and my gratitude for their efforts and enthusiasm in crafting this thesis is immeasurable. As a student of the Program in Literary Theory I must extend my thanks to Professor João Figueiredo, who is an integral part of the Program and with whom I have learnt many valuable things about art. When writing a thesis, a friend who enjoys editing is a blessing one must always be thankful for; in any case, I would gladly dismiss Helena’s editing skills for the friendship which has shaped this work beyond recognition and, necessarily, beyond any written acknowledgment. -
Linguistic Competence of Five and Six Year Olds: Analysis
LINGUISTIC COMPETENCE OF FIVE AND SIX YEAR OLDS: ANALYSIS OF NARRATIVE SAMPLES OF RUSSIAN, ENGLISH AND RUSSIAN- ENGLISH BILINGUAL SPEAKERS by ELLINA D. CHERNOBILSKY A dissertation submitted to the Graduate School - New Brunswick Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Graduate program in Education written under the direction of Lorraine McCune and approved by ________________________________ ________________________________ ________________________________ ________________________________ New Brunswick, New Jersey May 2009 ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATION Linguistic competence of five and six year olds: analysis of narrative samples of Russian, English and Russian-English bilingual speakers by ELLINA D. CHERNOBILSKY Dissertation director Lorraine McCune To what extent do children developing bilingually show similar grammatical development to their monolingual peers? This study considers overall grammatical development in Russian and English for Russian and English monolingual children and bilingual children at entry to school. The Index of Productive Syntax (IPSyn) was revised and piloted in preparation for this cross- linguistic project. The study evaluates the utility of the revised IPSyn and its potential for studying larger samples of children. The main question of the study is whether bilingual speakers, exposed to both languages from an early age, are as competent users of their two languages as are their peers who speak a single language at the time they are entering school. The results indicated that statistically, there was no difference between the monolingual and bilingual speakers in their common language as measured by the IPSyn proportionate scores. When examining various categories in the IPSyn measure, the comparison results indicated that in general, bilingual children, as a group, perform as well, and in some categories, better that the monolingual ii children in either language. -
Is There a Correlation Between Form and Function? a Syntactic and Functional Investigation of the Introductory It Pattern in Student Writing1
ICAME Journal, Volume 42, 2018, DOI: 10.1515/icame-2018-0003 Is there a correlation between form and function? A syntactic and functional investigation of the introductory it pattern in student writing1 Tove Larsson, Uppsala University and Université catholique de Louvain2 Abstract The introductory it pattern, as in ‘It is important to note that information was added’, is a tool used by academic writers for a range of different rhetorical and information-structural purposes. It is thus an important pattern for students to learn. Since previous research on student writing has indicated that there seems to be a correlation between form and function of the pattern, the present study sets out to investigate this more systematically in non-native-speaker and native- speaker student writing in two disciplines (linguistics and literature). In doing so, the study adds to and extends previous research looking into factors such as NS status and discipline. It uses data from three corpora: ALEC, BAWE and MICUSP. The results show that there is indeed a correlation between form and function, as the most common syntactic types of the pattern each display a pre- ferred function and vice versa. While very few differences across NS status were found, there were certain discipline-specific disparities. The findings, which could be useful for teaching students about the use of the introductory it pattern, also have implications for the automatized functional tagging of parsed cor- pora. 1 Introduction It is often said that scholars construct an academic identity through their writing, using both conventional and non-conventional forms of expression to project different voices (Thompson 2009: 53). -
Iranian Learner English: a Corpus- Based Study of Phrasal Verb Usage
In His Name This dissertation is dedicated to my beloved father, mother and brother. Iranian Learner English: A Corpus- Based Study of Phrasal Verb Usage Inaugural-Dissertation Zur Erlangung der Doktorwürde der Philologischen Fakultät der Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg i. Br. Vorgelegt von Hamzeh Mazaherylaghab aus Hamedan SS 2013 Erstgutachter: Prof. Dr. Dr. h.c. Christian Mair Zweitgutachterin: Prof. Dr. Brigitte Halford Vorsitzender des Promotionsausschusses der Gemeinsamen Kommission der Philologischen, Philosophischen und Wirtschafts- und Verhaltenswissenschaftlichen Fakultät: Prof. Dr. Bernd Kortmann Datum der Fachprüfung im Promotionsfach: 24.10.2013 Abbreviations List of tables and figures Acknowledgements 1. Introduction .............................................................................................................1 1.1. Language learners, phrasal verbs, and corpus study ......................................1 1.2. Aims and scope of the study ..........................................................................7 1.3. Limitations of the study .................................................................................9 2. Review of relevant literature .................................................................................15 2.1. Phrasal verbs in descriptive and theoretically motivated studies ................15 2.2. Phrasal-verb avoidance by the learner .........................................................15 2.3. Learner knowledge of the phrasal verbs ......................................................20 -
Between Both of These and the Process of Short Time, and He
1 DOCUMENT RESUME AL 001 322 ED 021 218 48 By- McNeill, David THE DEVELOPMENT OF LANGUAGE Behavior. Michigan Univ., Ann Arbor. Centerfcr Research on Language and Language Spons Agency- Office of Education(DHEW), Washington, D.C. Bureauof Research Bureau No- BR- 6-1784 Pub Date 1 Feb 68 Con trac t OEC- 3- 6-061784- 0508 Behavior, Progress Report No.VI. Note-226p.; Supplementary Report toStudies in Language and Language EDRS Price MF-S1.00 HC-$9.12 DEVELOPMENT, PHONOLOGY, Descriptors-*CHILD DEVELOPMENT, *CHILD LANGUAGE *LANGUAGE SYNTAX, TRANSFORMATIONS (LANGUAGE), *PSYCHOLINGUISTICS,SEMANTICS SURFACE STRUCTURE *VERBAL DEVELOPMENT This chapter, to be included in"Carmichael's Manual of ChildPsychology," edited by P.A. Mussen, deals with the connectionbetween the acquisitionof language and the growth of intellect, and the connectionbetween both of these andthe process of account for maturation. The authorfeels that various theoriesof development cannot the child's acquisition of grammarin a relativelyshort time, and hediscusses the bulk of the chapter reasons aswell as the lines which theexplanation must follow. The is a survey oflanguage acquisition itself.It is organized underthree major headings, of a grammar: syntax,phonology, and one for eachof the three main components of semantics. A descriptionof the methods typically used instudying the development The emergence of the componentsthemselves is traced each component is given. light of (insofar as it is known), and adiscussion of varioustheoretical issues in the of children the empirical findings ispresented. Wherever possible,mention is made exposed to languages otherthan English, with thechief contrast languagesbeing Russian and Japanese. (Seerelated document ED 017921.) (DO) -05C-.3-6-06/7047-1).5-08 e-r44111)1e.2146/F 'THEUNIVERSITY OFMICHIGAII i3X 6- 17P/ ?1,s1 011 Studies in Language and Intot - .7.