DOCSLIB.ORG

Information and Liaison Bulletin N°324

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

INSTITUT KURD E DE PARIS Information and liaison bulletin N°324 march 2012 The publication of this Bulletin enjoys a subsidy from the French Ministry of Foreign Affairs (DGCID) aqnd the Fonds d’action et de soutien pour l’intégration et la lutte contre les discriminations (The Fund for action and support of integration and the struggle against discrimination) This bulletin is issued in French and English Price per issue : France: 6 € — Abroad : 7,5 € Annual subscribtion (12 issues) France : 60 € — Elsewhere : 75 € Monthly review Directeur de la publication : Mohamad HASSAN Numéro de la Commission Paritaire : 659 15 A.S. ISBN 0761 1285 INSTITUT KURDE, 106, rue La Fayette - 75010 PARIS Tel. : 01-48 24 64 64 - Fax : 01-48 24 64 66 www.fikp.org E-mail: bulletin@fikp.org Information and liaison bulletin Kurdish Institute of Paris Bulletin N° 324 March 2012 CONTENTS • TURKEY: NEWROZ IS CELEBRATED IN VIOLENCE THIS YEAR . • IRAQI KURDISTAN: TENSION IS RISING BETWEEN IRBIL AND BAGHDAD . • SYRIA: A KURDISH NEWROZ AND A SYRIAN SPRING. • TURKEY: THE ACAT REPORT ON TORTURE . • CULTURE: “ I WILL NOT STAND ALONE ” A NEW CD ALBUM BY KAYHAN KALHOR . TURKEY: NEWROZ IS CELEBRATED IN VIOLENCE THIS YEAR very year, the degree to trial of strength between the gov - equinox, it can, depending on which Newroz, the ernment and the Kurdish popula - the year, occur on the 20th or the Kurdish New Year, is tion than a celebration of the 21st, in all countries where it is E accepted by the Turkish arrival of Spring. an official public holiday, be it in authorities is a pretty Iran, Iraqi Kurdistan, Georgia certain indictor of the way the Indeed, this year the celebrations and a number of countries in the Kurdish question will be treated by were “limited” by the governor of Caucasus and Central Asia. As the government, which has alter - Diyarbekir, to the date of 21 for the Spring holidays and cele - nated, since 2000, between periods March, which was a Wednesday, brations, they can last a lot of openness and repression. whereas the Kurdish municipali - longer, stretching from one to ties and organisations, had most - three weeks in Iraqi Kurdistan or Since 2011 and the beginning of ly planned to organise concerts Iran. 2012 have seen a worsening of and rallies on the 18th, a Sunday, breaches of human rights and of which is not a working day. However, the ban was main - armed violence, as well as police However, the Turkish authorities, tained by the local authorities and judicial intimidation directed stating that Newroz is just on the while the BDP party stuck my its against Kurdish elected represen - 21st, used this date lag to ban any programme. Unsurprisingly tatives and political activists, earlier demonstrations. there were outbreaks of violence. intellectuals, journalists and aca - In Diyarbekir, the police used demics, it is not surprising that Yet, since Newroz is specifically tear gas grenades and water can - the 2012 Newroz was more like a set on the day of the spring nons against groups of demon - • 2 • Information and liaison bulletin n° 324 • March 2012 strators who were waving the increasing use of police in this Raci Bilici also pointed out the Kurdish flag and trying to reach kind of military operation, hith - increase recourse to torture and the esplanade near the city erto undertaken by troops and ill treatment in the prisons. The walls. They were unable to stop the gendarmerie. State is also accused of having the 5,000 strong march, accord - provided insufficient aid to the ing to AFP correspondents on A few days later, 15 women, all homeless people and other vic - the spot. Several clashes took PKK fighters, were killed during tims of the Van earthquake, place in the surrounding neigh - clashes with “village guardians” whereas the inhabitants had bourhoods and Molotov cock - (pro-government militia) at received considerable assistance tails were thrown at the police. Bitlis. from the Regional Government of Iraqi Kurdistan. In Istanbul, groups of Kurdish The outcome of this Spring cele - activists were stopped by the bration thus marks the end of The figures of the IHD report for police as they were trying to the AKP governments moderate 2011 are as follows: reach Kazlicesm Square, where “opening” to the Kurdish ques - - 149 members of the security the Peace and Democracy Party tion and rather would announce forces killed and 295 wound - (BDP, the main Kurdish political the renewal of military strategies ed by bullets organisation in Turkey) had and police repression in Turkish - 189 PKK fighters are said to planned to organise the celebra - Kurdistan. have been killed and 6 tions. In response, many set up wounded. barricades and threw stones at In any case, the year 2011 was a - regarding civilian victims, the police. A group of BDP very black one for human rights 129 people were killed and Members of Parliament were in Turkey. On 2 March, the 259 wounded in attacks by dispersed by tear gas and water Diyarbekir office of the Human “persons unknown”, extra- cannons. The Governor of Rights Association (IHD) pub - judicial executions and vio - Istanbul, Huseyin Avni Mutlu lished a report on Human Rights lence with firearms. Mines reported 7 injured, including 2 violations committed at local and bomb attacks caused police and 106 arrests. level. In the course of 2011, another 6 deaths and 49 29,366 such violations occurred injured. Clashes continued throughout as against 23,520 in 2010. The - 45 people died of wounds Newroz week . On 20 March, in report notes the market increase through neglect or faults by Batman, violent clashes between in the use of firearms against the State by the organs. police and demonstrators caused civilians and a spectacular - 1917 people were jailed and 15 injured, one of them serious - increase in the number of arrests 6306 taken into detention. ly. At Cizre (Sirnak Province) and of the use of torture and - 1555 cases of torture or inhu - and at Yuksekova, several police inhuman treatment. man treatment have been came under fire from assault recorded rifles and one of them, seriously The Secretary of the Diyarbekir - 1421 cases of breaches of the wounded, died in hospital. IHD, Raci Bilici, described the human rights of prisoners year 2011 as one of “ intensified have been recorded, 932 peo - However, these acts of violence war ” instead of a search for a ple were wounded by the were not limited to street fight - peaceful solution to the police during demonstra - ing as on 21 March other police Kurdish problem. The present tions. forces were confronted by PKK climate reminds him of the - 4496 asylum seekers and fighters near Mount Cudî 1990s, in which the Kurdish immigrants have been (Sirnak Province): 6 of them regions had become “ a concen - detained were killed and 5 others wound - tration camp ” for the politi - - 4 villages have been burnt ed. This was during mountain cians, journalists, lawyers, stu - down and forcibly evacuated mopping up operations carried dents, trade unionists and - inally complaints have been out jointly by the army and the human rights defenders, nearly registered regarding 1699 police, with air and helicopter all of whom ended up behind people who have “disap - support. Political commentators bars if they were not simply peared” or been found in 111 stressed, in this connection, the assassinated. mass graves. n° 324 • March 2012 Information and liaison bulletin • 3• IRAQI KURDISTAN: TENSION IS RISING BETWEEN IRBIL AND BAGHDAD he interminable conflict “Kurdistan is part of Iraq and many Iraqi governments attitude to the between Iraq and the firms are investing in Iraqi Kurds’ successes: Kurdish Region over Kurdistan, so I do not see why Total T oil operations is contin - cannot do the same. We are thus look - “The leaders in the central govern - uing and following the ing at opportunities, we are dis - ment who refuse to accept these con - lines of the overall political and cussing, but we have not yet finalised tracts are failures who have been diplomatic relations between Irbil anything ”. unable to give Iraq what we are giv - and Baghdad — which have also ing in Kurdistan. They want us tended to become more acrimo - He also, moreover, indicated that down to their level. The problem is nious. he was considering making not these contracts nor is it the agreements with companies Constitution but just that they do not Last autumn a major US compa - already having permits to explore want the region to develop ”. ny, Exxon Mobile, had triggered for hydrocarbons in Kurdistan so off a sharp controversy by as to take part in their prospect - Two days later, an Iraqi govern - announcing it had signed a con - ing projects but “ in all cases, the ment spokesman announced that tract with Iraqi Kurdistan cover - agreement of the Kurdistan govern - Exxon, in a letter to the Iraqi Oil ing exploratory drilling of six oil - ment is needed ”. Ministry, was giving up the con - fields, without sought prior tract signed wit h the Kurds. agreement from the Baghdad, On 15 March, the President of the However, this news was straight which the central government Kurdish Region, Massud Barzani, away denied by the Kurdish always demands. The latter had accused Iraq, in a communiqué Presidency, through its General threatened the to cancel a contract on his official web site, of min - Secretary Fuad Hussein, who between Exxon and Iraq regard - imising oil exports from Iraqi pointed out, to AFP, that “ the ing the West Qurna oilfield in Kurdistan. ExxonMibile oil company is still Southern Iraq. working in Kurdistan and has made “Kurdistan has been exporting not statement to the Kurdish govern - The Americans had adopted a 90,000 to 100,000 barrels a day since ment regarding any freezing of its cautious and indecisive attitude, the start of the year, but Baghdad activity in Kurdistan.
Recommended publications
  • Introduction

    Introduction

    The Hague International Model United Nations 2020 | 26th January 2020 – 31st January 2020 Forum: Advisory Panel Issue: Stabilising the Kurdish Region to Prevent Further Conflicts Introduction Starting with the French Revolution in 1789, the notion of nationalism drastically rose and set the course of territorial formation that will take place in the upcoming centuries. While many states were empires prior to the revolution, accommodating people diverse ethnicities, nationalism changed the perception of a national formation and divided populations based on one’s ethnicity instead of other identification parameters. With such a drastic change, numerous nations were formed, including 54 states in Africa, Israel in Middle East, and many others in South Eastern Asia. With an ethnic root correlating to a nationality, numerous minority movements commenced and many resulted with successful state secessions or formations. However, one that failed and became a geo-political significance is the Kurdish state, which theoretically never gained full independence. Kurdish people, being the largest ethnic group without a fully independent state, have been spanning a vast territory encapsulating regions in Turkey, Syria, Iraq, and Armenia. The territorial span can be viewed in the image to the right. The Kurdish presence in the region stretches to a distant past as people of Kurdish ethnicity were considered to be the indigenous people of the Mesopotamian plains- region located between Tigris and Euphrates. Furthermore, Vilayet-i Kurdistan (Kurdish State within the Ottoman Empire) was quite similar to an autonomous state during the Ottoman Empire’s jurisdiction over the region. However, then with the establishment of modern states, specifically Turkey, Syria, Iraq, and Iran, Kurdish independence became a struggle with global involvement.
  • Mining Pro-ISIS Radicalisation Signals from Social Media Users Conference Or Workshop Item

    Mining Pro-ISIS Radicalisation Signals from Social Media Users Conference Or Workshop Item

    Open Research Online The Open University’s repository of research publications and other research outputs Mining Pro-ISIS Radicalisation Signals from Social Media Users Conference or Workshop Item How to cite: Rowe, Matthew and Saif, Hassan (2016). Mining Pro-ISIS Radicalisation Signals from Social Media Users. In: Proceedings of the Tenth International AAAI Conference on Web and Social Media (ICWSM 2016) pp. 329–338. For guidance on citations see FAQs. c 2016 Association for the Advancement of Artificial Intelligence https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ Version: Version of Record Link(s) to article on publisher’s website: http://www.aaai.org/ocs/index.php/ICWSM/ICWSM16/paper/view/13023/12752 Copyright and Moral Rights for the articles on this site are retained by the individual authors and/or other copyright owners. For more information on Open Research Online’s data policy on reuse of materials please consult the policies page. oro.open.ac.uk Proceedings of the Tenth International AAAI Conference on Web and Social Media (ICWSM 2016) Mining Pro-ISIS Radicalisation Signals from Social Media Users Matthew Rowe Hassan Saif School of Computing and Communications Knowledge Media Institute Lancaster University The Open University Lancaster, United Kingdeom Milton Keynes, United Kingdeom [email protected] [email protected] Abstract work, to recruit Westerners - in particular Muslims from Eu- ropean countries to join them in Syria - and to carry out ter- The emergence and actions of the so-called Islamic State rorist activities in western countries. There have been nu- of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL/ISIS) has received widespread merous reports of people from European countries, in par- news coverage across the World, largely due to their cap- ticular the United Kingdom, France and Belgium, moving ture of large swathes of land across Syria and Iraq, and the publishing of execution and propaganda videos.
  • 45 the RESURRECTION of SYRIAN KURDISH POLITICS by Ro

    45 the RESURRECTION of SYRIAN KURDISH POLITICS by Ro

    THE RESURRECTION OF SYRIAN KURDISH POLITICS By Rodi Hevian* This article examines the current political landscape of the Kurdish region in Syria, the role the Kurds have played in the ongoing Syrian civil war, and intra-Kurdish relations. For many years, the Kurds in Syria were Iraqi Kurdistan to Afrin in the northwest on subjected to discrimination at the hands of the the Turkish border. This article examines the Ba’th regime and were stripped of their basic current political landscape of the Kurdish rights.1 During the 1960s and 1970s, some region in Syria, the role the Kurds have played Syrian Kurds were deprived of citizenship, in the ongoing conflict, and intra-Kurdish leaving them with no legal status in the relations. country.2 Although Syria was a key player in the modern Kurdish struggle against Turkey and Iraq, its policies toward the Kurds there THE KURDS IN SYRIA were in many cases worse than those in the neighboring countries. On the one hand, the It is estimated that there are some 3 million Asad regime provided safe haven for the Kurds in Syria, constituting 13 percent of Kurdistan Workers’ Party (PKK) and the Syria’s 23 million inhabitants. They mostly Kurdish movements in Iraq fighting Saddam’s occupy the northern part of the country, a regime. On the other hand, it cracked down on region that borders with Iraqi Kurdistan to the its own Kurds in the northern part of the east and Turkey to the north and west. There country. Kurdish parties, Kurdish language, are also some major districts in Aleppo and Kurdish culture and Kurdish names were Damascus that are populated by the Kurds.
  • The World's 500 Most Influential Muslims, 2021

    The World's 500 Most Influential Muslims, 2021

    PERSONS • OF THE YEAR • The Muslim500 THE WORLD’S 500 MOST INFLUENTIAL MUSLIMS • 2021 • B The Muslim500 THE WORLD’S 500 MOST INFLUENTIAL MUSLIMS • 2021 • i The Muslim 500: The World’s 500 Most Influential Chief Editor: Prof S Abdallah Schleifer Muslims, 2021 Editor: Dr Tarek Elgawhary ISBN: print: 978-9957-635-57-2 Managing Editor: Mr Aftab Ahmed e-book: 978-9957-635-56-5 Editorial Board: Dr Minwer Al-Meheid, Mr Moustafa Jordan National Library Elqabbany, and Ms Zeinab Asfour Deposit No: 2020/10/4503 Researchers: Lamya Al-Khraisha, Moustafa Elqabbany, © 2020 The Royal Islamic Strategic Studies Centre Zeinab Asfour, Noora Chahine, and M AbdulJaleal Nasreddin 20 Sa’ed Bino Road, Dabuq PO BOX 950361 Typeset by: Haji M AbdulJaleal Nasreddin Amman 11195, JORDAN www.rissc.jo All rights reserved. No part of this book may be repro- duced or utilised in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanic, including photocopying or recording or by any information storage and retrieval system, without the prior written permission of the publisher. Views expressed in The Muslim 500 do not necessarily reflect those of RISSC or its advisory board. Set in Garamond Premiere Pro Printed in The Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan Calligraphy used throughout the book provided courte- sy of www.FreeIslamicCalligraphy.com Title page Bismilla by Mothana Al-Obaydi MABDA • Contents • INTRODUCTION 1 Persons of the Year - 2021 5 A Selected Surveyof the Muslim World 7 COVID-19 Special Report: Covid-19 Comparing International Policy Effectiveness 25 THE HOUSE OF ISLAM 49 THE
  • Analytical Report Woman's Role in the Kurdish Political Movement in Syria

    Analytical Report Woman's Role in the Kurdish Political Movement in Syria

    www.jusoor.co Analytical report 0 Woman's role in the Kurdish Political movement in Syria www.jusoor.co Analytical report 1 Analitik Rapor Woman's role in the Kurdish Political movement in Syria www.jusoor.co Analytical report 2 Index Introduction ................................................................................................. 3 Historical preface ........................................................................................ 4 Woman's participation in Kurdistan workers' party ................................... 6 Women's representation in the Syrian Kurdish political life 2011-2017 ... 8 Democratic union party (PYD) ............................................................... 8 The networks of women's institutions .................................................. 9 Main figures of women in the party ................................................... 11 The motives of women's participation in the party ............................ 11 The other parties ................................................................................... 12 Table (1) ................................................................................................ 14 The rate of women's participation in the leadership committees for some Kurdish parties in Syria: ....................................................................... 14 An actual participation or nominal and propaganda role? ........................ 15 Women's future in the Kurdish political movement. ................................ 16 Woman's role in the Kurdish
  • The Application of English Theories to Sorani Phonology

    The Application of English Theories to Sorani Phonology

    Durham E-Theses The Application of English Theories to Sorani Phonology AHMED, ZHWAN,OTHMAN How to cite: AHMED, ZHWAN,OTHMAN (2019) The Application of English Theories to Sorani Phonology, Durham theses, Durham University. Available at Durham E-Theses Online: http://etheses.dur.ac.uk/13290/ Use policy The full-text may be used and/or reproduced, and given to third parties in any format or medium, without prior permission or charge, for personal research or study, educational, or not-for-prot purposes provided that: • a full bibliographic reference is made to the original source • a link is made to the metadata record in Durham E-Theses • the full-text is not changed in any way The full-text must not be sold in any format or medium without the formal permission of the copyright holders. Please consult the full Durham E-Theses policy for further details. Academic Support Oce, Durham University, University Oce, Old Elvet, Durham DH1 3HP e-mail: [email protected] Tel: +44 0191 334 6107 http://etheses.dur.ac.uk The Application of English Theories to Sorani Phonology Zhwan Othman Ahmed A thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy School of Modern Languages and Cultures Durham University 2019 Abstract This thesis investigates phonological processes in Sorani Kurdish within the framework of Element Theory. It studies two main varieties of Sorani spoken in Iraq which are Slemani and Hawler. Since the phonology of SK is one of the least studied areas in Kurdish linguistics and the available studies provide different accounts of its segments, I start by introducing the segmental system of the SK dialect group.
  • Filling in the Blanks

    Filling in the Blanks

    Filling in the Blanks Documenting Missing Dimensions in UN and NGO Investigations of the Gaza Conflict A publication of NGO Monitor and UN Watch Edited by Gerald M. Steinberg and Anne Herzberg Filling in the Blanks Documenting Missing Dimensions in UN and NGO Investigations of the Gaza Conflict Filling in the Blanks Documenting Missing Dimensions in UN and NGO Investigations of the Gaza Conflict A publication of NGO Monitor and UN Watch Edited by Gerald M. Steinberg and Anne Herzberg Contributors Gerald Steinberg Hillel Neuer Jonathan Schanzer Abraham Bell Dr. Uzi Rubin Trevor Norwitz Anne Herzberg Col. Richard Kemp Table of Contents Preface i. Executive Summary 1 Chapter 1: Production and Import of Rockets and Missiles Launched from Gaza at Targets in Israel 6 Chapter 2: The Sources of Hamas Financing, and the Implications Related to Providing Assistance to a Recognized Terror Organization 27 Chapter 3: Evidence Regarding the Abuse of Humanitarian Aid to Gaza for Military and Terror Purposes, and Questions of Supervision and Accountability 41 Chapter 4: The Credibility of Reports and Allegations from Non- Governmental Organizations (NGOs) Regarding the 2014 Conflict 73 Appendix 1: Submission to the United Nations Independent Commission of Inquiry on the 2014 Gaza Conflict by Colonel Richard Kemp CBE 131 Appendix 2: Letter to Mary McGowan Davis, Chair of United Nations Independent Commission of Inquiry on the 2014 Gaza Conflict by Trevor S. Norwitz 144 Appendix 3: Why the Schabas Report Will Be Every Bit as Biased as the Goldstone Report by Hillel Neuer (originally published in The Tower, March 2015, reprinted with permission) 149 Appendix 4: Letter to Ban Ki-Moon, Secretary General of the United Nations by Prof Gerald Steinberg 161 Contributors and Acknowledgements 163 Endnotes: 168 Filling in the Blanks i Preface his report provides an independent, fully-sourced, systematic, and detailed documentation on some of the key issues related to the renewal of intense conflict between Hamas and Israel during July and August 2014.
  • The West's Darling in Syria

    The West's Darling in Syria

    Introduction Stiftung Wissenschaft und Politik German Institute for International and Security Affairs Comments The West’s Darling in Syria WP Seeking Support, the Kurdish Democratic Union Party Brandishes an Anti-Jihadist Image Khaled Yacoub Oweis S US bombings in 2015 repulsed Islamic State attacks on cities in mostly Kurdish self- rule regions called cantons in northern Syria. The three cantons, which border Turkey, are dominated by the Kurdish Democratic Union Party (PYD). The party is linked to the Kurdistan Workers’ Party (PKK), a former client of the Syrian regime and considered a “terrorist” group by the United States, the European Union, and Turkey. At the risk of deepening an Arab Sunni backlash that has fanned radicalization, Washington is set ever more on the prospect of the PYD retaking mostly Arab territory captured by the Islamic State. In line with German reluctance to arm warring sides, Berlin has refrained from giving military aid to the PYD, which is accused of carrying out war crimes. Still, an international effort to rebuild the cantons tied to breaking the PYD’s monopoly on them could help stabilize the area – even more so if Turkey could be brought on board. The Kurds have scored some of the biggest PYD is not calling for outright secession. Its territorial gains in Syria since the outbreak declaration of self-rule and accompanying of revolt against Assad family rule in 2011. “social contract” mix Marxist jargon and a Cooperation with the Assad regime and vague form of popular democracy. The docu- backing from the United States against the ments also emphasize rights for women so-called Islamic State have strengthened and minorities.
  • RSIS COMMENTARIES RSIS Commentaries Are Intended to Provide Timely And, Where Appropriate, Policy Relevant Background and Analysis of Contemporary Developments

    RSIS COMMENTARIES RSIS Commentaries Are Intended to Provide Timely And, Where Appropriate, Policy Relevant Background and Analysis of Contemporary Developments

    RSIS COMMENTARIES RSIS Commentaries are intended to provide timely and, where appropriate, policy relevant background and analysis of contemporary developments. The views of the authors are their own and do not represent the official position of the S.Rajaratnam School of International Studies, NTU. These commentaries may be reproduced electronically or in print with prior permission from RSIS. Due recognition must be given to the author or authors and RSIS. Please email: [email protected] or call (+65) 6790 6982 to speak to the Editor RSIS Commentaries, Yang Razali Kassim. __________________________________________________________________________________________________ No. 099/2012 dated 11 June 2012 A sleeping dragon awakes: Kurds Take Centre Stage in West Asia By James M. Dorsey Synopsis As popular uprisings and post-revolt transitions change the political, economic and social structures of the Middle East, Kurds, the world’s largest nation without a state of their own, are emerging as the force that could spark a redrawing of borders and rewriting of minority rights in West Asia. Commentary As popular uprisings and post-revolt transitions change the political, economic and social structures of the Middle East the struggle for Kurdish rights, including autonomy if not independence, moved center stage in the past week with a Syrian Kurd becoming head of the opposition Syrian National Council (SNC), Iraqi Kurdistan hosting an international tournament for nations that world soccer body FIFA refuses to recognize, and the hardening of attitudes of Turkish Kurds. The election of Abdelbasset Sieda, a Sweden-based Kurdish activist and historian, is intended to unite Syria’s fractured opposition as the country reels from mass murders of civilians believed to be by militias loyal to embattled President Bashar al-Assad and teeters on the brink of civil war.
  • Kurdistan, the Invisible State, and Its Participatory Processes

    Kurdistan, the Invisible State, and Its Participatory Processes

    Department of political science Chair in Political Sociology Academic Year 2019/2020 Kurdistan, the invisible state, and its participatory processes. RAPPORTEUR CANDIDATE M. Sorice Marta De Paolis IDENTIFICATION NUMBER 085632 Abstract This study will give an account of how Kurdistan developed in the participatory processes and how it uses political participation to give space to the general population. Political parties have a pivotal role in Kurdistan to organize people’s claims and demands, and there is a possible “partitocrazia,” created through inoperative institutions and especially from representative chambers. It also examines the relationship between approaches of public participation and effective deliberation; participation could occur through direct citizens participation or community representation with the help of civil society organizations, it is significant to pursue government institution to bring in more inputs and take public concern into considerations. No countries recognize Kurdistan as an official country, and it does not have representation in the United Nations and other international organizations. The expression is used to refer to the geographical and cultural regions of Turkey, Iraq, Iran, and Syria. The only identified government is in Iraqi Kurdistan, and his institutional form is the Parliamentary one. A long time ago, the Kingdom of Kurdistan existed, precisely in Iraq from 1922 to 1924, but a war broke out because of the Nationalist ambitions in Iraq in the 60s. Kurdistan area is amidst traditional and dynamic territories, with a vast number of social-human capital, as to improvement pointers. The properties of these social orders in an issue; for example, races are with the end goal that decisions are a chance and a route for them to rehearse political-social.
  • Mining Pro-ISIS Radicalisation Signals from Social Media Users

    Mining Pro-ISIS Radicalisation Signals from Social Media Users

    Proceedings of the Tenth International AAAI Conference on Web and Social Media (ICWSM 2016) Mining Pro-ISIS Radicalisation Signals from Social Media Users Matthew Rowe Hassan Saif School of Computing and Communications Knowledge Media Institute Lancaster University The Open University Lancaster, United Kingdeom Milton Keynes, United Kingdeom [email protected] [email protected] Abstract work, to recruit Westerners - in particular Muslims from Eu- ropean countries to join them in Syria - and to carry out ter- The emergence and actions of the so-called Islamic State rorist activities in western countries. There have been nu- of Iraq and the Levant (ISIL/ISIS) has received widespread merous reports of people from European countries, in par- news coverage across the World, largely due to their cap- ticular the United Kingdom, France and Belgium, moving ture of large swathes of land across Syria and Iraq, and the publishing of execution and propaganda videos. Enticed by to Syria to join ISIS: in essence going through a process of such material published on social media and attracted to the radicalisation where their views become conflicted with the cause of ISIS, there have been numerous reports of individu- (Western) society in which they are residing. als from European countries (the United Kingdom and France Recent research has sought to understand ISIS’s social in particular) moving to Syria and joining ISIS. In this pa- media presence (Bazan, Saad, and Chamoun 2015; Win- per our aim to understand what happens to Europe-based ter 2015; Berger and Morgan 2015; Klausen 2015), the Twitter users before, during, and after they exhibit pro-ISIS process of online radicalisation (Bermingham et al.
  • ISIS Type of Organization

    ISIS Type of Organization

    ISIS Name: ISIS Type of Organization: Insurgent territory-controlling religious terrorist violent Ideologies and Affiliations: Islamist jihadist pan-Islamist Salafist takfiri Place of Origin: Iraq Year of Origin: Al-Qaeda in Iraq: 2004; ISIS: 2013 Founder(s): Al-Qaeda in Iraq: Abu Musab al-Zarqawi; ISIS: Abu Bakr al-Baghdadi Places of Operation: ISIS has declared wilayas (provinces) in Iraq, Syria, Egypt, Libya, Algeria, Yemen, Saudi Arabia, Nigeria, Afghanistan, Pakistan, India, Turkey, Central Africa, Mali, Niger, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Mozambique, and the North Caucasus. Beyond this, the terror group has waged attacks in Lebanon, France, Belgium, Bangladesh, Morocco, Indonesia, Malaysia, Tunisia, and Kuwait. Overview Also known as: ISIS Al-Qa’ida Group of Jihad in Iraq1 Organization of al-Jihad’s Base in the Land of the Two Rivers40 Al-Qa’ida Group of Jihad in the Land of the Two Rivers2 Organization Base of Jihad/Country of the Two Rivers41 Al-Qaeda in Iraq (AQI)3 Organization of al-Jihad’s Base of Operations in Iraq42 Al-Qa’ida in Iraq – Zarqawi4 Organization of al-Jihad’s Base of Operations in the Land of the Al-Qaeda in Mesopotamia (AQM)5 Two Rivers43 Al-Qa’ida in the Land of the Two Rivers6 Organization of Jihad’s Base in the Country of the Two Rivers Al-Qa’ida of Jihad Organization in the Land of the Two Rivers7 44 Al-Qa’ida of the Jihad in the Land of the Two Rivers8 Qaida of the Jihad in the Land of the Two Rivers45 Al-Qaeda Separatists in Iraq and Syria (QSIS)9 Southern Province46 Al-Tawhid10 Tanzeem Qa'idat al