DOCSLIB.ORG

Delivering Urban Energy Infrastructure: the Capacity of Planning and Governance Networks in the Cases of Barcelona, Burlington, Lerwick, London, and Toronto

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Delivering Urban Energy Infrastructure: the Capacity of Planning and Governance Networks in the Cases of Barcelona, Burlington, Lerwick, London, and Toronto Delivering urban energy infrastructure: the capacity of planning and governance networks in the cases of Barcelona, Burlington, Lerwick, London, and Toronto Sarah E Cary University College London Research Degree: PhD, the Bartlett School of Planning 1 Declaration I, Sarah E Cary, confirm that the work presented in this thesis is my own. Where information has been derived from other sources, I confirm that this has been indicated in the thesis. 2 Abstract District heating and cooling (DHC) systems are a sound solution to environmental, energy security, climate change, and fuel poverty concerns in cities. As an environmental policy goal not fully controlled by government and subject to complex multi-actor negotiations, building DHC can be understood as requiring network governance patterns of behaviour. This thesis investigates the role of planning in delivering DHC, employing a conceptual framework of Actor-Centered Institutionalism to unravel the relationships between industry, government, and citizen organizations in governance networks. It contributes to a growing area of study on the intersection of urban development, energy infrastructure, and environmental policy goals. It responds to calls for further practical research on governance patterns of behaviour, applying a recognised network governance approach to the analysis of five international case studies. It also investigates the weight of institutional context and the purported connection between network interaction characteristics and policy outcomes. The research categorises a range of potential roles for planning organisations and planning interventions in governance networks for DHC. The comparative analysis suggests that planning organisations rarely negotiate for DHC but that planning interventions are regularly used to initiate governance networks for DHC and to shape negotiations by other actors. The findings outline a number of specific institutional factors, actor orientations and capabilities as well as qualities of interaction which affect the capability of governance networks to deliver DHC. The research contributes to the explanatory ambitions of network governance research and expanded understanding of the capacity of planning in building and managing urban energy infrastructure. The findings can potentially be extended to other urban utility infrastructure and environmental policy goals. 3 Acknowledgements To my friends and family for their support and patience. Special thanks are due to Tom, Paul, and Josephine. To my supervisors, Dr Joanna Williams and Professor Yvonne Rydin, for their continuing guidance over the years. My gratitude is also extended to my employer during this research, The British Land Company, for their assistance and understanding. Supervisors Dr Joanna Williams, The Bartlett School of Planning Professor Yvonne Rydin, The Bartlett School of Planning 4 Table of Contents Chapter 1. Introduction ................................................................................................................... 9 1.1 Urban Energy Infrastructure: District Heating and Cooling ............................................... 10 1.2 Why is Planning Relevant for DHC? ................................................................................. 16 1.3 Research Aims and Thesis Structure .............................................................................. 21 Chapter 2. Planning for DHC in Governance Networks ............................................................... 24 2.1 Introducing Governance .................................................................................................... 24 2.2 DHC Requires Governance Networks .............................................................................. 29 2.3 Planning for DHC in governance networks ....................................................................... 33 2.4 Implications for the Research Questions .......................................................................... 37 Chapter 3 Institutional Dimensions of Planning for DHC ............................................................. 41 3.1 Introducing Institutionalism ............................................................................................... 41 3.2 The Institutional Context of Planning ................................................................................ 42 3.3 The Institutions of Urban Energy Infrastructure ................................................................ 44 3.4 The Institutional Context of DHC ...................................................................................... 47 3.5 Implications for the Research Questions .......................................................................... 49 Chapter 4. Bringing Institutions and Governance Networks Together to Understand DHC ........ 51 4.1 Revisiting the Research Questions ................................................................................... 51 4.2 Actor-Centered Institutionalism: A Conceptual Framework for the Research Questions . 53 4.3 Applying ACI to the Research Questions ......................................................................... 57 4.4 Summary of Research Approach and Potential Contribution to Knowledge .................... 59 Chapter 5. Research Methodology .............................................................................................. 62 5.1 Comparative Research ..................................................................................................... 62 5.2 Methods of Case Study Selection using ACI .................................................................... 64 5.3 ACI Structures the Methods of Data Collection and Analysis ........................................... 68 5.4 Analysis Methods .............................................................................................................. 76 5.5 Research Design: In Summary ......................................................................................... 80 Chapter 6. Barcelona, Districlima in 22@: Extending Urbanisme ............................................... 82 6.1 The Actors ......................................................................................................................... 84 6.2 Analysis of the Actors and Actor Constellation ................................................................. 89 6.3 Interactions: Positive Coordination Negotiations .............................................................. 95 6.4 Conclusions: Urbanisme Delivers ..................................................................................... 96 Chapter 7. Burlington: The Challenge of Moving from Talking to Negotiating ............................. 99 7.1 The Actors, and the Absent Actors ................................................................................. 101 7.2 Analysis of Actors and the Actor Constellation ............................................................... 105 7.3 Mode of Interaction: Talking not Negotiating .................................................................. 110 7.4 Conclusions: the Challenge of Finding Power ................................................................ 111 Chapter 8. Lerwick: Where Actors Wear Many Hats ................................................................. 113 8.1 The Actors ....................................................................................................................... 114 8.2 Analysis of the Actors and Actor Constellation ............................................................... 117 5 8.3 Interactions and Negotiations: Problem Solving not Positive Coordination .................... 122 8.4 Conclusions: Tight Networks for Public Benefit............................................................... 123 Chapter 9. London, Elephant and Castle: Policy Entrepreneurs Amidst Conflict and Change . 125 9.1 The Actors ....................................................................................................................... 127 9.2 Analysis of the Actors and the Actor Constellation ......................................................... 130 9.3 Interactions: Formal Negotiations and Unstable Networks ............................................. 136 9.4 Conclusions: The Challenge of Changing Conditions ..................................................... 137 Chapter 10. Toronto’s Deep Lake Water Cooling: Hierarchy in the Shadow of the Network .... 140 10.1 The Actors ..................................................................................................................... 142 10.2 Analysis of the Actors and Actor Constellation ............................................................. 146 10.3 Interactions: Hierarchical Direction to Positive Coordination ........................................ 152 10.4 Conclusions: Hierarchy in the Shadow of the Network ................................................. 153 Chapter 11. Comparative Analysis ............................................................................................ 156 11.1 How do Governance Networks Support DHC? ............................................................. 157 11.2 How does the Institutional Setting Influence the Delivery of DHC? .............................. 166 11.3 What is the Role of Planning in Delivering DHC? ......................................................... 176 Chapter 12. Research Contribution: Conclusions and Reflections ........................................... 184 12.1 Summary of the Empirical
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Riverside Energy Park Design and Access Statement
    Riverside Energy Park Design and Access Statement VOLUME NUMBER: PLANNING INSPECTORATE REFERENCE NUMBER: EN010093 DOCUMENT REFERENCE: 07 7. 3 November 2018 Revision 0 APFP Regulation 5(2)(q) Planning Act 2008 | Infrastructure Planning (Applications: Prescribed Forms and Procedure) Regulations 2009 Riverside Energy Park Design and Access Statement - Document Reference 7.3 Harry’s Yard, 176-178 Newhall St, Birmingham, B3 1SJ T: +44 (0)121 454 4171 E:[email protected] Riverside Energy Park Design and Access Statement - Document Reference 7.3 Contents Summary 3.4 Site Analysis 3.4.1 REP Site 1.0 Introduction 3.4.2 Sun Path Analysis 1.1 Introduction 3.4.3 Access 1.1.1 Cory Riverside Energy Holdings Limited 3.4.4 Site Opportunities and Constraints 1.1.2 Riverside Resource Recovery Facility 1.2 Purpose of the Design and Access Statement 4.0 Design Process 4.1 Overview of the Design Process to date 2.0 The Proposed Development 4.2 Good Design Principles 2.1 Overview 2.2 Key Components of the Proposed Development 5.0 Illustrative Masterplan 2.2.1 The Energy Recovery Facility 5.1 Introduction 2.2.2 Anaerobic Digestion Facility 5.2 Illustrative Masterplan Proposals 2.2.3 Solar Photovoltaic Panels 5.2.1 Illustrative Masterplan Proposal 1 - North to South - Stack South 2.2.4 Battery Storage 5.2.2 Illustrative Masterplan Proposal 2 - North to South - Stack North 2.2.5 Other Elements 5.2.3 Illustrative Masterplan Proposal 3 - East to West - Stack West 3.0 Site Overview 5.2.4 Illustrative Masterplan Proposal 4 - East to West - Stack East
    [Show full text]
  • Sustainability Report 2018 2 Sustainability Report 2018 Cory Riverside Energy
    SUSTAINABILITY REPORT 2018 2 SUSTAINABILITY REPORT 2018 CORY RIVERSIDE ENERGY CONTENTS Report highlights 3 About Cory Riverside Energy 5 Chair’s statement 10 CEO’s statement 11 Scope of the report 12 Governance and Materiality 14 Our sustainable business strategy 17 Our sustainability performance 21 Making london a more sustainable city 22 Our sustainability performance against priority areas 30 Our performance scorecard and future plans 40 Appendix 49 Report highlights In 2018, we established our sustainable business strategy to help drive performance across our business in line with five key priority areas aimed at: • supporting London’s circular economy by processing recyclable waste, enabling resource recovery from non-recyclable residual waste, and creating by-products for use in construction; • reducing the level of waste sent to landfill and exported abroad; and • partnering to increase awareness of recycling, the circular economy and the role of the River Thames for freight transportation. 4 SUSTAINABILITY REPORT 2018 CORY RIVERSIDE ENERGY REPORT HIGHLIGHTS Our sustainable business strategy seeks to improve BUSINESS INTEGRITY our operations to support London’s aims of becoming We have instigated a health and safety culture change programme a sustainable city, and support the nine United to reduce the incidents and accidents we have in our operations. Nations Sustainable Development Goals that we have We have increased awareness and understanding of modern identified as having the greatest ability to impact. We slavery and anti-bribery and corruption amongst employees and invite you to explore our 2018 sustainability report for our suppliers, through enhanced policies and procedures. a greater insight into Cory’s key priorities, which are At our energy from waste facility, we have remained fully compliant summarised below.
    [Show full text]
  • 'Ungovernable'? Financialisation and the Governance Of
    Governing the ‘ungovernable’? Financialisation and the governance of transport infrastructure in the London ‘global city-region’ February 2018 Peter O’Briena* Andy Pikea and John Tomaneyb aCentre for Urban and Regional Development Studies (CURDS), Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK NE1 7RU. Email: peter.o’[email protected]; [email protected] bBartlett School of Planning, University College London, Bartlett School of Planning, University College London, 620 Central House, 14 Upper Woburn Place, London, UK WC1H 0NN. Email: [email protected] *Corresponding author 1 Abstract The governance of infrastructure funding and financing at the city-region scale is a critical aspect of the continued search for mechanisms to channel investment into the urban landscape. In the context of the global financial crisis, austerity and uneven growth, national, sub-national and local state actors are being compelled to adopt the increasingly speculative activities of urban entrepreneurialism to attract new capital, develop ‘innovative’ financial instruments and models, and establish new or reform existing institutional arrangements for urban infrastructure governance. Amidst concerns about the claimed ‘ungovernability’ of ‘global’ cities and city-regions, governing urban infrastructure funding and financing has become an acute issue. Infrastructure renewal and development are interpreted as integral to urban growth, especially to underpin the size and scale of large cities and their significant contributions within national economies. Yet, oovercoming fragmented local jurisdictions to improve the governance and economic, social and environmental development of major metropolitan areas remains a challenge. The complex, and sometimes conflicting and contested inter-relationships at stake raise important questions about the role of the state in wrestling with entrepreneurial and managerialist governance imperatives.
    [Show full text]
  • North London Joint Waste Strategy - SEA Draft, May 2008
    The North London Joint Waste Strategy - SEA Draft, May 2008 - North London Joint Waste Strategy SEA Draft May 2008 North London Waste Authority Unit 169, Lee Valley Technopark Ashley Road Tottenham N17 9LN Page 1 The North London Joint Waste Strategy - SEA Draft, May 2008 - FOREWORD Managing North London’s Waste The seven North London boroughs and the North London Waste Authority have achieved much in recent years, through co-ordinated and targeted action on waste prevention, recycling and composting. Our services have never been better. This strategy will be the foundation of still greater improvements as we start to develop and implement the next generation of waste services that will treat waste as a resource and will minimise environmental impacts, particularly those which may contribute to climate change. Above all we will ensure a balanced approach, with value for money on behalf of local council tax payers being essential if waste is truly to be managed in the best interests of North London. This work, however, will need everyone to play their part – all residents, all businesses, all local groups and organisations, and all public services must work to minimise the amount of waste we produce and maximise the amount we recycle and compost. I hope very much you will join us in this endeavour. Councillor Brian Coleman AM, FRSA Chairman of the North London Waste Authority Page 2 The North London Joint Waste Strategy - SEA Draft, May 2008 - Contents Chapter 1: Introduction Page 4 Chapter 2: Background Page 10 Chapter 3: Statutory Requirements
    [Show full text]
  • London Environment Strategy REPORT to the MAYOR on CONSULTATION on the DRAFT LONDON ENVIRONMENT STRATEGY
    London Environment Strategy REPORT TO THE MAYOR ON CONSULTATION ON THE DRAFT LONDON ENVIRONMENT STRATEGY London Environment Strategy – Consultation Response Report COPYRIGHT Greater London Authority May 2018 Published by Greater London Authority City Hall The Queen’s Walk More London London SE1 2AA www.london.gov.uk enquiries 020 7983 4100 minicom 020 7983 4458 Photographs © Copies of this report are available from www.london.gov.uk London Environment Strategy – Consultation Response Report CONTENTS 1 Executive summary 3 2 Introduction and background 7 What the strategy must contain 7 Draft strategy aims 7 Purpose of this report 8 Draft London Plan 9 3 Consultation process 10 The draft strategy consultation 10 Digital engagement with the draft strategy 12 Additional public engagement with the draft strategy 17 Technical stakeholder engagement with the draft strategy 18 How the consultation responses were analysed 19 4 Main issues raised, and proposed strategy changes 23 General 24 Air quality 36 Green infrastructure 55 Climate change mitigation and energy (CCME) 65 Waste 83 Adapting to climate change 100 Ambient noise 109 Low carbon circular economy (LCCE) 122 GLA group operations – leading by example 128 What can Londoners do to help? 128 Key performance indicators 129 Integrated Impact Assessment 130 5 Conclusions and recommendations 134 6 Next steps 135 7 Abbreviations 136 8 Glossary 137 9 Appendices 138 London Environment Strategy – Consultation Response Report 2 Appendix 1: Examples of the four campaign letters received as part of
    [Show full text]
  • Trinity Leeds Sydney Monorail River Plate House
    2 0 www.watermangroup.com | 1 (2) 2013 years of 1 2 INNO6VATI0 N watermantimes Trinity Leeds Waterman are providing a full scope of structural and civil engineering services to the landmark retail development; Trinity Leeds. Sydney Monorail Sydney’s controversial Monorail will be decommissioned after 25 years of operation to make way for the development of the new Sydney International Convention, Exhibition and Entertainment Precinct in Darling Harbour. River Plate House Waterman has been appointed by Stanhope/ Mitsubishi Estates to provide structural consultancy services on River Plate House; a new 17,000m2 commercial property of remarkable architectural design. 6 Bevis Marks 6 Bevis Marks is a new 16 storey building at the heart of London’s City cluster. The striking development offers 160,000ft2 of highly specified and flexible Grade A office space. Contents ON THE COVER ARTICLES 6 Bevis Marks 02 | Brief News 06 | Corporate & Property Due Diligence 6 Bevis Marks is a new 16 storey building at the heart of London’s City cluster. The striking 10 | Trinity Leeds development offers 160,000ft2 of highly specified Waterman are providing a full scope of structural and civil and flexible Grade A office space. engineering services to the landmark retail development; Trinity Leeds. Welcome to 2013 Page 08 12 | Royal Arsenal Woolwich Crossrail Station Box This spring edition is my first opportunity to write to you about some of the exciting and unusual projects 14 | Sydney Monorail which Waterman have been working on over the last Sydney’s controversial Monorail will be decommissioned six months. after 25 years of operation to make way for the development of the new Sydney International Convention, Exhibition and We have witnessed an increasing amount of Entertainment Precinct in Darling Harbour.
    [Show full text]
  • Mayor's Draft Municipal Waste Strategy: London's Wasted Resource
    October 2010 London’s Wasted Resource The Mayor’s Draft Municipal Waste Management Strategy Public consultation draft 2 The Mayor’s Draft Municipal Waste Management Strategy October 2010 London’s Wasted Resource The Mayor’s Draft Municipal Waste Management Strategy Public consultation draft Greater London Authority October 2010 Published by Greater London Authority City Hall The Queen’s Walk More London London SE1 2AA www.london.gov.uk enquiries 020 7983 4100 minicom 020 7983 4458 ISBN 978 1 84781 396 1 Cover photo © Shutterstock Copies of this report are available from www.london.gov.uk Printed on 9Lives 80 paper: 80 per cent recovered fibre and 20 per cent virgin TCF fibre sourced from sustainable forests; FSC and NAPM certified. Contents The Mayor’s Municipal Waste Management Strategy Foreword.............................................................................................................................................7 Executive summary.............................................................................................................................9 Introduction .....................................................................................................................................19 Chapter One: Legislative and policy context ...................................................................................25 Chapter Two: Current performance on managing London’s municipal waste .................................29 Chapter Three: Developing a strategy for London’s municipal waste .............................................45
    [Show full text]
  • Improving Delivery of London's Infrastructure
    IMPROVING DELIVERY OF LONDON’S INFRASTRUCTURE 1. INTRODUCTION IMPROVING DELIVERY OF LONDON’S INFRASTRUCTURE PAGE 1 The UK is home to world-class infrastructure providers, developers, engineers and architects. At home and overseas they are at the forefront of delivering large-scale innovative infrastructure projects. London has seen the benefits of this expertise across many projects. Crossrail, the biggest construction project in Europe, is on track to deliver on time and on budget. London has the technology experts and entrepreneurs to put London at the forefront of innovative delivery and use of infrastructure. With political will we can ensure projects are prioritised and pushed forward – the Olympic Park being the perfect example of what can be achieved with virtually unanimous political support. An unmovable deadline also helped. But on many other occasions infrastructure has not been delivered to the same high standards. Fragmented and nationalised siloes, including the different legislation, regulations, planning periods and organisations that manage the delivery of London’s infrastructure have not created an environment conducive to optimal infrastructure delivery. For example, developers and businesses we have consulted can cite many projects that have been held up because of problems connecting them to utilities. It can take an incredibly long time to gain political support for large-scale projects. Crossrail, for example, was first proposed in the 1940s, officially advanced in the 1970s and 80s, cancelled in the 1990s, before being reinstated in the early 2000s – although without any funding commitment until later that decade. 1. INTRODUCTION IMPROVING DELIVERY OF LONDON’S INFRASTRUCTURE PAGE 2 There is a real need for clear long-terms plans that have cross party support.
    [Show full text]
  • Londons EV Infrastructure Taskforce Delivery Plan
    London electric vehicle infrastructure delivery plan Supported by The Mayor’s Electric Vehicle Infrastructure June 2019 Taskforce Contents Mayor’s foreword 4 The delivery plan 4.1 Challenges Executive summary 4.2 Guiding principles 1 Introduction and aims 4.3 Defining what is needed 1.1 Introduction 5 What can we do to make 1.2 Supporting policies this happen? towards zero emission 5.1 Facilitate smoother installation 1.3 What London is already and match supply with demand doing to support EV charging infrastructure 5.2 Reduce energy barriers 1.4 The Mayor’s EV 5.3 Share knowledge and maximise Infrastructure Taskforce potential of legislation 2 The current situation 5.4 Charter of commitments in London Glossary 2.1 Electric vehicles 2.2 Charging infrastructure Appendix A – Detailed modelling assumptions and approach 2.3 User experience Appendix B – Principal author: Zero 3 User needs Carbon Futures 3.1 Understanding charging needs 3.2 Modelling potential demand to 2025 we must move away from petrol and There’s no shying away from the fact diesel cars, and towards electric and that expanding our public charge hydrogen vehicles. Bringing about this points will be challenging. London’s sea change won’t be easy, but with land is always in high demand, our the right political will and ambition I’m streets are often narrow and we have confident we can pull it off. to work with 35 different planning authorities. But we know there is a I’m proud that London is one of real appetite to cut harmful emissions the first major cities in the world and propel London towards a greener to publish a detailed and future.
    [Show full text]
  • Meridian Water Masterplan Approved July 2013 2 Meridianwaterecocommunity Meridian Water Masterplan Contents
    Meridian Water Masterplan Approved July 2013 2 MeridianWaterEcoCommunity Meridian Water Masterplan Contents Foreword 4 6.0 Frameworks 99 Purpose of Document 5 6.1 The Frameworks 101 6.2 Movement 103 1.0 The Vision 6 6.3 Homes 109 1.1 The Masterplan 8 6.4 Business and Employment 114 1.2 The big drivers for change 12 6.5 Shopping and Leisure 117 1.3 Guiding principles 14 6.6 Community 120 6.7 Water 122 2.0 The Context 17 6.8 Public space 126 2.1 The context 18 6.9 Energy 130 2.2 The historical context 20 2.3 A well connected location 22 7.0 Delivering Meridian Water 134 2.4 A link within the Lee Valley 24 7.1 Making it happen 135 2.5 The waterways of the Lee Valley 26 7.2 Development Guidance 146 2.6 The existing communities 28 7.3 Land use 152 2.7 Business, employment and retail 30 2.8 The planning context 32 Contact Details 153 2.9 The physical history and a fractured site 34 Acknowledgements 154 3.0 The Masterplan 39 3.1 The concept 40 3.2 Masterplan 44 4.0 The Causeway 45 4.1 The Causeway 46 5.0 The Neighbourhoods 55 5.1 The neighbourhoods 56 5.2 Meridian Angel 58 5.3 The Gateway 64 5.4 Meridian Central 70 5.5 The Islands 76 5.6 Canal-side West 82 5.7 Meridian East 88 5.8 The Parklands 94 MeridianWaterEcoCommunity 3 Meridian Water Masterplan Foreword Cllr Doug Taylor Rob Leak Cllr Del Goddard Leader of Enfield Chief Executive Lead Member for Council London Borough of Business & Regeneration Enfield Meridian Water is located in the London Borough of Enfield Meridian Water also provides a unique location for business.
    [Show full text]
  • Upper Lee Valley Development Infrastructure Study | Final Report
    Upper Lee Valley Transport for London Development Infrastructure Study Final Report Our ref: 22763001 September 2015 Upper Lee Valley Transport for London Development Infrastructure Study Final Report Our ref: 22763001 September 2015 Prepared by: Prepared for: Steer Davies Gleave Transport for London 28-32 Upper Ground Windsor House London SE1 9PD 42-50 Victoria Street London SW1H 0TL +44 20 7910 5000 www.steerdaviesgleave.com Steer Davies Gleave has prepared this material for Transport for London. This material may only be used within the context and scope for which Steer Davies Gleave has prepared it and may not be relied upon in part or whole by any third party or be used for any other purpose. Any person choosing to use any part of this material without the express and written permission of Steer Davies Gleave shall be deemed to confirm their agreement to indemnify Steer Davies Gleave for all loss or damage resulting therefrom. Steer Davies Gleave has prepared this material using professional practices and procedures using information available to it at the time and as such any new information could alter the validity of the results and conclusions made. Contents 1 Introduction ....................................................................................................................... 1 Background ................................................................................................................................... 1 Aims and Objectives ....................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Southeast London Joint Waste Planning Technical Paper
    London Borough of Southwark Southeast London joint waste planning technical paper Submission Draft Produced by the Southeast London Joint Waste Planning Group (SELJWPG) January 2020 Table of contents Table of contents ............................................................................................. 2 1. Joint waste technical paper summary ........................................................... 3 Introduction and background .......................................................................... 3 The European Union Directive ........................................................................ 4 National waste policy and guidance................................................................. 4 The London Plan .......................................................................................... 6 Draft New London Plan.................................................................................. 7 Summary of findings and conclusions .............................................................. 7 2. National policy context............................................................................... 10 Waste Management Plan for England............................................................. 10 National Planning Policy for Waste................................................................. 12 National Planning Policy Guidance................................................................. 13 3. Regional policy context.............................................................................. 16
    [Show full text]