* FOR ILLUSTRATIVE PURPOSES ONLY, NOT TO SCALE OCO-2carbonof sinks and sources the study to designed is scientists with a better idea of and provide globally dioxide how carbon to climate change. is contributing OCO-2 Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2 Opportunity

— The NEOWISEThe mission uses a space telescope to hunt and comets, including those that could pose for asteroids Earth. to a threat MRO has studied the Red Planet’s atmosphere, MRO atmosphere, Red Planet’s has studied the orbit since 2006terrain, and subsurface from and also serves as a key data station relay for other Mars missions, including the Curiosity Mars rover. NEOWISE MRO Near-Earth Object Survey Explorer Infrared Wide-field Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter STAR u NuSTAR explores the universe in high-energy X-rays to better X-rays the universe in high-energy explores NuSTAR understand holes, black the dynamics of the material close to exploding stars, active galaxies. and the most extreme The Juno spacecraft, currently orbiting Jupiter, orbiting Jupiter, Juno spacecraft, currently The is looking below Jupiter’s dense cover of clouds to answer questions about the gas giant and the origins of the solar system. to have visited Uranus and 2, the only probe Voyager making its way to interstellar Neptune, is currently 2 Voyager 1. En route, space, joining its twin, Voyager and visited all four gas giant planets and also discovered 16 photographed many of the planets’ moons. Launched 2 is the longest-operating 1, Voyager Voyager days before space mission. Voyager 1 reached interstellar space in August 2012 and is interstellar space in August 2012 1 reached Voyager the most distant Launched human-made object in existence. the Jovian and Saturnian 1 explored Voyager in 1977, systems, discovering new moons and active volcanoes, and then collected other data about the outer solar system. MSL Mars Science Laboratory The Spitzer Space Telescope studies objects ranging from our studies objects ranging from Spitzer Space Telescope The light. of the universe in infrared solar system to the distant reaches solar a planet outside Earth’s first telescope to see light from The system, Spitzer also has made important about discoveries comets, stars, exoplanets, and distant galaxies. MER JUNO 1 VOYAGER 2 VOYAGER N SPITZER TELESCOPESPACE Mars Exploration Rover Curiosity’s mission is to determine whether the Curiosity’s Red Planet was ever habitable life. to microbial cameras, a robotic with 17 is equipped rover The arm, and a suite of specialized instruments for environment. investigating the past and current Nuclear Spectroscopic Telescope Array Telescope Nuclear Spectroscopic Opportunity, the second of the two rovers launched in 2003 launched the second of the two rovers Opportunity, on ancient Mars, of wet environments for evidence to search is still actively exploring the Martian terrain. The Campus-Lab Connection Campus-Lab The COLLABORATION: and THE UNITED STATES AT THE AND FOREFRONTTHE PLANETARY AT UNITED EXPLORATION SPACE OF STATES SCIENCE, MAKING POSSIBLE GROUNDBREAKING DISCOVERIES THE ABOUT UNIVERSE— ANDHOW WHY BLACK HOLESFLARE, WHERE AND MARS ON WENT, HOW THE WATER PARTICIPATED HAVE FACULTY CALTECH NAME WORKS, FEW. A TO CARBONEARTH’S CYCLE NUMBER A ON RECENT OF MISSIONS NASA INCLUDING: CALTECH’S MANAGEMENT THECALTECH’S OF HELPED HAS JET PROPULSION KEEP LABORATORY

had also EXPLORATION Mars Saturn Neptune the Fletcher Jones Professor Fletcher the helped design the Orbiting Orbiting design the helped Universe Yuk Yung, LEGEND Earth Jupiter Uranus Edward Stone, the David Morrisroe Stone, Edward Professor of Physics, DISCOVERING THE COSMOS UNIVERSE— space using the Voyager spacecraft. Voyager the using space supernova remnants, and studying jets of particles of from jets studying and remnants, supernova active galaxies. Other Caltech professors who study the universeare B. Thomas the Soifer, Harold Brown Professor director; Center Science Spitzer the and Emeritus, Physics, of and who studies the intersection of the heliosphere with interstellar waves, infrared, and optical microwaves, light X-rays, to and gamma rays. Harrison, the Fiona Benjamin M. Rosen Professor of Physics and Astronomy, has spearheaded and directed with mission thethe goal NuSTAR of viewing since 2012, mission The wavelengths. X-ray high-energy in universe the is taking a census of collapsed stars and black holes, mapping Telescopes open multiple windows on the cosmos by cosmos by the on windows multiple open Telescopes examining the universe in different wavelengths, from radio EXPLORING THE PLANETS SYSTEM SOLAR — STUDYING OUR HOME EARTH — of Geology, was the project scientist of the mission. Assistant Professor of Planetary Science Ehlmann Bethany No planet has been visited more by satellites and rovers than Mars—and Caltech scientists are helping lead to the way. When the Curiosity rover touched down on the Martian Grotzinger, John surface in 2012, Christian Frankenberg, Frankenberg, Christian scientists, Caltech Three and Wennberg, Paul Carbon Observatory-2 mission study to global (OCO-2) cyclesof carbon asit travels from thebiosphere the to again. back and atmosphere Earth is dynamic—one day an of atom carbon might be of dioxide, carbon a molecule atmosphere as the in floating andthe nextit might be taken photosynthesizingina by plant make sugars to ordissolved sea into as water bicarbonate. beenparticipating in the project since before launch. Caltech future in roles leading play to researchers continue will missions that look reveal to the secrets of Mars. Farley, Ken the W. M.the Keck W. Foundation Professor of Geochemistry, and also a participant on Curiosity, is the project scientist for the upcoming mission. Mars 2020