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Home , Benzodiazepine, Midazolam, Nimetazepam

Sections involved in of abuse analysis “ Controlled Drugs Sections “Examining drugs seized by law enforcement departments “ Forensic Toxicology Sections “Screening for drugs/poisons in “ Dr. TAM Wai-ming, Thomas “ Biological specimens “ Senior Chemist z Blood/urine//stomach content “ Government laboratory “ Non-biological specimens z Syringes/tablets/drinks

Controlled Drugs Sections Forensic Toxicology Sections

“ Examination of drugs of abuse The Analytical Toxicology Unit “ Submitted by Customs and Excise Department “Provide service to “ Submitted by Police Force z Police “ Dealing with the forensic analysis for z Forensic Pathologists offences in breach of z Clinical Pathologists “ The Dangerous Drugs Ordinance “Screening for drugs and poisons in “ The Pharmacy and Poisons Ordinance biological specimens z inquiry “ The Control of Chemicals Ordinance z Criminal offences e.g.

Forensic Toxicology Sections Overview from different perspectives

“ The Urinalysis Unit “Drug “Provide service to “Death incidents z Correctional Services Department

z Social Welfare Department “Sexual Offences z Clinics “Urinalysis “Screening for drugs of abuse in urine samples

1 Drugs of Abuse Cases Examined in 2006 Controlled Drugs sections Drugs of Abuse in

“ 25% “ Ketamine “ “ 23% “ Heroin “ Ecstasy “ Tranquillisers 23% “ Tranquillizers “ “ 9 % „ “ Methadone “ Methamphetamine 6 % „ “ Ecstasy 6 % „ “ Cocaine 6 % „ “ Methadone 2 % “ Cannabis

Ketamine (K仔) Appearance of Ketamine

“ Slang name : K, K仔,茄, Special K, Super K, Vitamin K, Ket, Kit Kat …

“ In form of Ketamine Hydrochloride

“ Almost 100% in purity for most seizures

Packaging of Street Level Ketamine Ketamine in paper packets

2 Street Level Heroin Inhalation apparatus for Ketamine (Purity at 25-35%)

Heroin Additives Commonly Abused Tranquillisers

“ “ Midazolam “ Paracetamol “ Estazolam “ Antipyrine “ Zopiclone “ Carbetapentane “ Nimetazepam “ “ Estazolam “ Phenobarbitone “

Tranquillisers Estazolam 舒樂安定 (艾司唑侖)

Midazolam

Zoplicone

Estazolam

3 Erimin 5 (Nimetazepam) Nimetazepam 硝甲西泮 五仔,黃飛鴻 “ Drug Classification „ a „ not registered in Hong Kong

“ Street Names „ Give me Five „ 五仔 ,黃飛鴻 Imprints “5” - on one side “028” – on the other side

Genuine and fake Erimin 5 tablets Fake Erimin (green tablet)

Fake Genuine

6 milligrammes of nimetazepam

Cannabis plant 大麻植物 大麻捲煙 Cannabis Cigarette

Herbal cannabis THC content : 1-3 %

4 Cannabis Resin Cannabis bud 大麻樹脂(大麻精) 大麻花

THC content : 8-12 % THC content : 10-15 %

Methamphetamine HCl crystal (Ice) “Ice”smoking apparatus 甲基安非他明(冰) 吸食冰的工具

Almost 100 % in purity

Methamphetamine tablet Methamphetamine tablet “Ya ba” “Ya ba”

Popular in

5 Cocaine base Cocaine HCl (in block form) (in crack form)

Cocaine HCl (in block form) Cocaine snorting apparatus 可卡因吸食工具

Amphetamine Type Tablets Type Stimulant (>500 collections since emergency) (tablets - difference in shapes) “ Coloured tablets with logo imprinted “ Mostly round in shape “ Mostly MDMA (~100 mg per tablets) “ May be laced with “ Methamphetamine “ MDA “ Amphetamine “ Caffeine “ Ketamine “ 2-CB

6 Amphetamine Type Stimulant Amphetamine Type Stimulant (tablets - interesting logo) (tablets - interesting logo)

Amphetamine Type Stimulant Amphetamine Type Stimulant (tablets - interesting logo) (tablets - interesting logo)

Amphetamine Type Stimulant Amphetamine Type Stimulant (tablets – same logo in different colours) (tablets – same logo in different colours)

7 Amphetamine Type Stimulant Strength of MDMA in ATS tablets (tablets – same logo in different colours) “ Most tablets (~200 mg in weight) “ MDMA : ~100 mg “ Some tablets with low level of MDMA “ MDMA : 50-70 mg “ MA : 3-4 mg “ 2-CB : present in low level “ High strength tablets (~300 mg in weight) “ 180 – 200 mg MDMA

Fatal cases with popular drugs of Methadone (美沙胴) abuse detected in 2006

“ (Heroin) 183 cases “ Methadone 85 cases “ Ketamine 21 cases “ Cannabis 0 case “ MDMA 14 cases “ Methamphetamine 22 cases “ 250 cases “ Zopiclone 74 cases

Sexual Offences Examined in 2006 Urinalysis/2006 “ 29 out of 46 cases with /drugs of abuse detected (service to CSD, SWD & Police) “ 6 cases with alcohol detected only “ 1 case with alcohol and cocaine detected “ Morphine 11500 tests (8.5% positive) “ 1 case with alcohol and zopiclone detected “ 11500 tests (7.9% positive) “ 1 case with 7 drugs of abuse “ Methadone 11500 tests (10.6% positive) “ Cannabis, cocaine, ketamine, MDA, MDMA, methamphetamine & nimetazepam “ Ketamine 11496 tests (6.6% positive) “ 20 cases with drug(s) of abuse detected “ Amphetamine 10554 tests (9.0% positive) “ Cannabis “ Benzo 10060 tests (4.0% positive) “ “ MDMA “ THC 10055 tests (3.0% positive) “ MDA “ Methamphetamine “ MDMA 9961 tests (1.3% positive) “ Ketamine “ Cocaine 576 tests (32.5% positive) “ Zopiclone “ Nimetazepam “ Zopiclone 89 tests (9.0% positive) “ Morphine

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