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Appendix E: Cultural Resources Technical Report

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Appendix E: Cultural Resources Technical Report SAN BERNARDINO COUNTYWIDE PLAN DRAFT PEIR COUNTY OF SAN BERNARDINO Appendices Appendix E: Cultural Resources Technical Report June 2019 SAN BERNARDINO COUNTYWIDE PLAN DRAFT PEIR COUNTY OF SAN BERNARDINO Appendices This page intentionally left blank. PlaceWorks CULTURAL RESOURCES TECHNICAL REPORT FOR THE SAN BERNARDINO COUNTYWIDE PLAN, SAN BERNARDINO COUNTY, CALIFORNIA FEBRUARY 2019 PREPARED FOR PlaceWorks PREPARED BY SWCA Environmental Consultants E-1 E-2 CULTURAL RESOURCES TECHNICAL REPORT FOR THE SAN BERNARDINO COUNTYWIDE PLAN, SAN BERNARDINO COUNTY, CALIFORNIA Prepared for PlaceWorks 3 MacArthur Place, Suite 1100 Santa Ana, California 92707 Attn: Colin Drukker Prepared by Alex Wesson, B.A., Chris Millington, M.A., RPA and Nicole Kromarek, B.A. SWCA Environmental Consultants 51 W. Dayton Street Pasadena, California 91105 (626) 240-0587 www.swca.com Contact: Chris Millington, Project Manager SWCA Project No. 31474 SWCA Cultural Resources Report No. 18-270 February 2019 E-3 This page intentionally left blank. E-4 Cultural Resource Technical Report for the San Bernardino Countywide Plan, San Bernardino County, California EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Purpose and Scope: In support of the forthcoming San Bernardino Countywide Plan, PlaceWorks retained SWCA Environmental Consultants (SWCA) to summarize the existing conditions of cultural resources within the study area, evaluate potential impacts that could occur to these resources because of the Countywide Plan, and to provide mitigation measures for potential impacts. The study area is composed of all unincorporated lands that are subject to the County of San Bernardino’s land use jurisdiction; also referred to as the “County Control Area,” the study area is approximately 1,623,988 acres (2,537 square miles) in area, or 12.627 percent of the approximately 12,861,026-acre (20,105- square mile) county. The types of cultural resources addressed in this report include archaeological, historic built environment, and tribal cultural resources. Methods include background research, a cultural resources records search and literature review, and Native American Coordination. Dates of Investigation: SWCA conducted California Historical Resources Information System (CHRIS) records searches at the South Central Coastal Information Center (SCCIC), located at the California State University, Fullerton, on three separate occasions: December 8, 2016; January 30, 2018; and February 14, 2018. The County requested a list of tribal contacts from the California Native American Heritage Commission (NAHC) to fulfill the requirements of Senate Bill 18 and Assembly Bill 52 consultation and received a response on November 15, 2016. The County sent letters to the NAHC-listed Native American groups and individuals on December 13, 2016. Consultation was initiated with six tribal parties in January 2017 and is currently ongoing. The NAHC received the County’s Notice of Preparation for the Draft Environmental Impact Report on October 19, 2017. SWCA submitted a Sacred Lands File search request to the NAHC on March 1, 2018, and received the results on March 5, 2018. Summary of Findings: The CHRIS records search indicates that 1,055 previous cultural resource studies have been conducted within the study area between 2010 and 2017, the period for which SWCA obtained information, and for which studies would still generally be considered valid. A review of the California Office of Historic Preservation’s (OHP’s) archaeological determinations of eligibility (DOE) listings for the county from 2012 included 1,345 resources. By far, most (66 percent) of the previously recorded resources have been determined not eligible for listing in the National Register. Nearly 20 percent of the resources provided, however, are listed in either the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP) or California Register of Historical Resources (CRHR), and 14 percent are eligible for listing in one or both registers. The large area of the county incorporates four different geographic zones, and the cultural resource base differs within each region of the county. Growth and development will inevitably lead to impacts on cultural resources, but with the implementation of planning, avoidance, and mitigation measures, impacts to cultural resources can be managed, avoided, and minimized. Ongoing coordination with tribal entities, the NAHC, and NAHC-identified Native American individuals will further minimize impacts to cultural resources associated with population growth and land development in San Bernardino County. SWCA Environmental Consultants i E-5 Cultural Resource Technical Report for the San Bernardino Countywide Plan, San Bernardino County, California This page intentionally left blank. SWCA Environmental Consultants ii E-6 Cultural Resource Technical Report for the San Bernardino Countywide Plan, San Bernardino County, California CONTENTS Executive Summary ..................................................................................................................................... i Introduction ................................................................................................................................................. 1 Project Location ..................................................................................................................................... 1 Project Description ................................................................................................................................. 3 Geographic Regions ......................................................................................................................... 3 Proposed Buildout ............................................................................................................................ 4 Regulatory Setting ...................................................................................................................................... 6 Federal .................................................................................................................................................... 6 National Historic Preservation Act of 1966 ..................................................................................... 6 Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act .............................................................. 7 State ........................................................................................................................................................ 7 California Register of Historical Resources..................................................................................... 8 California Environmental Quality Act ............................................................................................. 8 Treatment of Human Remains ....................................................................................................... 11 County .................................................................................................................................................. 11 County of Sant Bernardino 2007 General Plan .............................................................................. 11 Cultural Setting ......................................................................................................................................... 14 Prehistoric Overview ............................................................................................................................ 14 Paleoindian Period (ca. 10.000–8000 BC) ...................................................................................... 14 The Early Holocene (8000–6000 BC) ............................................................................................ 15 The Middle Holocene (7000–3000 BC) ......................................................................................... 15 The Late Holocene (2000 BC–Contact) ......................................................................................... 16 Ethnographic Overview ........................................................................................................................ 16 Serrano/Vanyume .......................................................................................................................... 17 Kawaiisu ........................................................................................................................................ 18 Cahuilla ......................................................................................................................................... 19 Gabrielino ...................................................................................................................................... 22 Mohave ......................................................................................................................................... 25 Southern Paiute .............................................................................................................................. 26 Historic Overview ................................................................................................................................ 26 Spanish Period (1769–1822) .......................................................................................................... 26 Mexican Period (1822–1848) ........................................................................................................ 27 American Period (1848–Present) ..................................................................................................
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