DOCSLIB.ORG

Fish Traps on Ancient Shores

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Fish Traps on Ancient Shores UNLV Retrospective Theses & Dissertations 1-1-2007 Fish traps on ancient shores Eric Stephen White University of Nevada, Las Vegas Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalscholarship.unlv.edu/rtds Repository Citation White, Eric Stephen, "Fish traps on ancient shores" (2007). UNLV Retrospective Theses & Dissertations. 2197. http://dx.doi.org/10.25669/7v2b-4kwu This Thesis is protected by copyright and/or related rights. It has been brought to you by Digital Scholarship@UNLV with permission from the rights-holder(s). You are free to use this Thesis in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s) directly, unless additional rights are indicated by a Creative Commons license in the record and/ or on the work itself. This Thesis has been accepted for inclusion in UNLV Retrospective Theses & Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Digital Scholarship@UNLV. For more information, please contact [email protected]. FISH TRAPS ON ANCIENT SHORES By Eric Stephen White Master of Arts University of Nevada Las Vegas 2007 A Thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Master of Arts Degree in Anthropology Department of Anthropology and Ethnic Studies College of Liberal Arts Graduate College University of Nevada, Las Vegas August 2007 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. UMI Number: 1448429 INFORMATION TO USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleed-through, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. UMI UMI Microform 1448429 Copyright 2007 by ProQuest Information and Learning Company. All rights reserved. This microform edition is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. ProQuest Information and Learning Company 300 North Zeeb Road P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. 2007 Eric S. White All rights Reserved Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Thesis Approval IJNTV The Graduate College University of Nevada, Las Vegas July 16 .20 07 The Thesis prepared by Eric s. White Entitled "Fish Traps on Ancient Shores" is approved in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of ____________________ Master of Arts in Anthropology Examination Committee Chair Dean of the Graduate College / Examination Committee Member Examination Committee Member U k Z ) lULU) Â Graduate College Faculty Revr^entative 11 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. ABSTRACT Fish Traps on Ancient Shores By Eric Stephen White Dr. Barbra Roth, Examination Committee Chair Professor of Anthropology University of Nevada, Las Vegas Archaeological investigations associated with the Lake Cahuilla fish traps have been restricted due to the lack of excavation and experimentation. This thesis addresses a new line of researches, which incorporates not only experimentation and excavation, but also the combination of fish trap design and fish behavior, to more fully explain the working mechanics of ancient fish traps. Not only are these issues examined, but other natural phenomenon, that affect the archaeological record, and its understanding are examined. This thesis relies heavily on biology for its conclusions. Ill Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. TABLE OF CONTENTS ABSTRACT .............................. iii LIST OF FIGURES................................................................................................................vi ACKNOWLEDGMENTS................................................................................................... viii CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION............................................................................................ 1 Statement of the Problem ............................................................................................ 1 Background .................................................................................................................. 5 Research Questions..................................................................................................... 9 Research Design........................................................... 10 CHAPTER 2 FISH SPECIES AND FISH TRAP HISTOTY.................................... 13 Various Fishing Principles........................................................................................22 Nets............................................................................................................................ 29 Available Data ...........................................................................................................30 Summary .................................................................................................................... 33 CHAPTER 3 PEOPLE OF THE COLORADO DESERT................................................. 36 The Kamia/Kumeyaay or Ipai/Tipai: Prehistoric Period........................................36 Ethno-Historic Period............................................................................................... 37 Economy .................................................................................................................... 38 Hunting...................................................................................................................... 40 The Archaeological Record and Hunting at the Wikalokal Site Fishing ...............42 Historic Period....................................................... 43 The Cahuilla.................................................................. 44 Territory ..................................................................................................................... 45 Villages.................................. 46 Economic Activities.................................................................................................. 46 Flora........................................................................................................................... 47 Material Culture ........................................................................................................ 48 Games and Music.......................................................................................................50 Hygiene...................................................................................................................... 50 Sociopolitical Organization......................................................................................51 Marriage and Kinship............................................................................................... 53 Law and Property.......................................................................................................55 Trade and War.......................................................... 55 Cosmology................................................................................................................. 56 Rituals........................................................................................................................ 59 European Contact..................................................................................................... 59 Tipai-lpai: The People.............................................................................................. 61 Language...,...............................................................................................................62 Territory and Environment .......................................................................................64 Prehistory ................................................................................................................... 67 IV Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. European Contact......................................................................................................68 Summery .................................................................................................................... 69 CHAPTER 4 KNOWN REGIONAL FISHING TECHNIQUES AND THEIR ORIGINS................................................................................................................. .73 Lake Cahuilla Fish Traps.......................................................................................... 73 Mojave Fishing Methods.......................................................................................... 76 The Quechan.............................................................................................................. 81 Cocopa Fishing Methods.......................................................................................... 81 Fishing Sites and the Changing Salton Sink ............................................................82 Lake Cahuilla Archaeological Record ....................................................................
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Kansas Fishing Regulations Summary
    2 Kansas Fishing 0 Regulations 0 5 Summary The new Community Fisheries Assistance Program (CFAP) promises to increase opportunities for anglers to fish close to home. For detailed information, see Page 16. PURCHASE FISHING LICENSES AND VIEW WEEKLY FISHING REPORTS ONLINE AT THE DEPARTMENT OF WILDLIFE AND PARKS' WEBSITE, WWW.KDWP.STATE.KS.US TABLE OF CONTENTS Wildlife and Parks Offices, e-mail . Zebra Mussel, White Perch Alerts . State Record Fish . Lawful Fishing . Reservoirs, Lakes, and River Access . Are Fish Safe To Eat? . Definitions . Fish Identification . Urban Fishing, Trout, Fishing Clinics . License Information and Fees . Special Event Permits, Boats . FISH Access . Length and Creel Limits . Community Fisheries Assistance . Becoming An Outdoors-Woman (BOW) . Common Concerns, Missouri River Rules . Master Angler Award . State Park Fees . WILDLIFE & PARKS OFFICES KANSAS WILDLIFE & Maps and area brochures are available through offices listed on this page and from the PARKS COMMISSION department website, www.kdwp.state.ks.us. As a cabinet-level agency, the Kansas Office of the Secretary AREA & STATE PARK OFFICES Department of Wildlife and Parks is adminis- 1020 S Kansas Ave., Rm 200 tered by a secretary of Wildlife and Parks Topeka, KS 66612-1327.....(785) 296-2281 Cedar Bluff SP....................(785) 726-3212 and is advised by a seven-member Wildlife Cheney SP .........................(316) 542-3664 and Parks Commission. All positions are Pratt Operations Office Cheyenne Bottoms WA ......(620) 793-7730 appointed by the governor with the commis- 512 SE 25th Ave. Clinton SP ..........................(785) 842-8562 sioners serving staggered four-year terms. Pratt, KS 67124-8174 ........(620) 672-5911 Council Grove WA..............(620) 767-5900 Serving as a regulatory body for the depart- Crawford SP .......................(620) 362-3671 ment, the commission is a non-partisan Region 1 Office Cross Timbers SP ..............(620) 637-2213 board, made up of no more than four mem- 1426 Hwy 183 Alt., P.O.
    [Show full text]
  • POND FISH and FISHING in ILLINOIS by A.C
    POND FISH AND FISHING IN ILLINOIS by A.C. LOPI NOT CHIEF FISHERY BIOLOGIST Fishery Bulletin Number 5 Illinois Department of Conservation Division of Fisheries Springfield, Illinois 62706 1967 Page Acknowledgements 2 Introduction .......................................................................................5 THE POND ITSELF 7 The Water . 9 The Food Chain 10 FISH FOR THE FISHING POND 11 Largemouth bass 11 Bluegill 13 Redear sunfish 15 Channel catfish 16 FISH THAT CAN RUIN FISHING 17 Crappie .....................................................17 Bullheads ................................................................................18 Carp — Buffalo — Suckers 18 Green sunfish ...........................................................19 Other fish ............................................................................ 19 STOCKING THE POND ......................................................20 WHEN AND HOW TO FISH THE POND 22 CATCHING FISH 24 Largemouth bass 24 Bluegill ........................................................................... 25 Redear sunfish 25 Channel catfish 25 MANAGING THE POND 28 Aquatic Weed Control .............................................................29 Harvesting and Controlling Bluegills 31 Destroying Spawning Beds 33 Water Level Fluctuations 33 Brush Removal ........................................33 Fertilization ......................................................................... 33 CONTENTS Testing a Pond's Fish Population 34 How to Determine the Condition of a Fish Population
    [Show full text]
  • People of Snowy Mountain, People of the River: a Multi-Agency Ethnographic Overview and Compendium Relating to Tribes Associated with Clark County, Nevada
    Portland State University PDXScholar Anthropology Faculty Publications and Presentations Anthropology 2012 People of Snowy Mountain, People of the River: A Multi-Agency Ethnographic Overview and Compendium Relating to Tribes Associated with Clark County, Nevada Douglas Deur Portland State University, [email protected] Deborah Confer University of Washington Follow this and additional works at: https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/anth_fac Part of the Social and Cultural Anthropology Commons, and the Sustainability Commons Let us know how access to this document benefits ou.y Citation Details Deur, Douglas and Confer, Deborah, "People of Snowy Mountain, People of the River: A Multi-Agency Ethnographic Overview and Compendium Relating to Tribes Associated with Clark County, Nevada" (2012). Anthropology Faculty Publications and Presentations. 98. https://pdxscholar.library.pdx.edu/anth_fac/98 This Report is brought to you for free and open access. It has been accepted for inclusion in Anthropology Faculty Publications and Presentations by an authorized administrator of PDXScholar. Please contact us if we can make this document more accessible: [email protected]. Pacific West Region: Social Science Series National Park Service Publication Number 2012-01 U.S. Department of the Interior PEOPLE OF SNOWY MOUNTAIN, PEOPLE OF THE RIVER: A MULTI-AGENCY ETHNOGRAPHIC OVERVIEW AND COMPENDIUM RELATING TO TRIBES ASSOCIATED WITH CLARK COUNTY, NEVADA 2012 Douglas Deur, Ph.D. and Deborah Confer LAKE MEAD AND BLACK CANYON Doc Searls Photo, Courtesy Wikimedia Commons
    [Show full text]
  • Fishing Methods and Gears in Panay Island, Philippines
    Fishing Methods and Gears in Panay Island, Philippines 著者 KAWAMURA Gunzo, BAGARINAO Teodora journal or 鹿児島大学水産学部紀要=Memoirs of Faculty of publication title Fisheries Kagoshima University volume 29 page range 81-121 別言語のタイトル フィリピン, パナイ島の漁具漁法 URL http://hdl.handle.net/10232/13182 Mem. Fac. Fish., Kagoshima Univ. Vol.29 pp. 81-121 (1980) Fishing Methods and Gears in Panay Island, Philippines*1 Gunzo Kawamura*2 and Teodora Bagarinao*3 Abstract The authors surveyed the fishing methods and gears in Panay and smaller neighboring islands in the Philippines in September-December 1979 and in March-May 1980. This paper is a report on the fishing methods and gears used in these islands, with special focus on the traditional and primitive ones. The term "fishing" is commonly used to mean the capture of many aquatic animals — fishes, crustaceans, mollusks, coelenterates, echinoderms, sponges, and even birds and mammals. Moreover, the harvesting of algae underwater or from the intertidal zone is often an important job for the fishermen. Fishing method is the manner by which the aquatic organisms are captured or collected; fishing gear is the implement developed for the purpose. Oftentimes, the gear alone is not sufficient and auxiliary instruments have to be used to realize a method. A fishing method can be applied by means of various gears, just as a fishing gear can sometimes be used in the appli cation of several methods. Commonly, only commercial fishing is covered in fisheries reports. Although traditional and primitive fishing is done on a small scale, it is still very important from the viewpoint of supply of animal protein.
    [Show full text]
  • Ai Margini Del Dialetto
    Bruno Moretti Ai margini del dialetto. Varietà in sviluppo e varietà in via di riduzione in una situazione di 'inizio di decadimento' Osservatorio Linguistico della Svizzera Italiana Bellinzona 1999 2 Il presente testo è stato accettato nel semestre invernale 1997-1998 dalla Facoltà di Lettere dell'Università di Berna come lavoro di abilitazione 3 Indice Introduzione............................................................................................................ 1 1. Il calo della dialettofonia e le varietà marginali ................................................... 10 1.1. Il dialetto come varietà ‘in via di decadimento’ ...................................... 10 1.2. Le varietà dei parlanti evanescenti........................................................ 24 1.2.1. Parlare dialetto: tra competenza e identità .............................. 25 1.2.2. Il ruolo dell'italiano ................................................................... 26 1.2.3. Fenomeni di asimmetria .......................................................... 29 1.2.4. La 'morfologia interlinguistica' e la costruzione lessicale nel dialetto lingua seconda ................................................................ 36 1.2.5. Il ruolo del francese come lingua d'appoggio........................... 48 1.3. Il riassestamento della diglossia............................................................ 51 2. Aspetti quantitativi della situazione ticinese da ieri a oggi .................................. 56 3. Varietà di non nativi..........................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Guide to the Classification of Fishing Gear in the Philippines
    U.S. Department of Agriculture Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service Wildlife Services Historic document – Content may not reflect current scientific research, policies or practices. GUIDE TO THE CLASSIFICATION OF FISHING GEAR IN THE PHILIPPINES By AGUSTIN F. UMALI, Ichthyologist Illustrations by Silas G. Duran RESEARCH REPORT 17 Fish and Wildlife Service, Albert M. Day, Director United States Department of the Interior, Oscar L. Chapman, Secretary UNITED STATES GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE : 1950 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, United States Government Printing Office Washington 25, D. C. - Price 40 cents ABSTRACT One of the serious handicaps in the administration and manage­ ment of the fisheries of the Philippines has been the lack of standardized nomenclature for fishing gear. This publication attempts to solve the problem. It is divided into five parts: The first presents a basic clas­ sification of fishing gear; the second is a key by means of which fishing gear can be identified and new terms for fishing gear can be properly classified; the third defines and illustrates various types of fishing gear; the fourth is a tabular classification of local Filipino di­ alect names; and the fifth is a glossary including definitions of more than a thousand terms. CONTENTS Classification of the Gear. • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • • 2 Part I. Basic Classification of Fishing Gear. • • • • • • • . • • • • • • • • • 6 Part II. Key to the Identification of Classes of Fishing Gear. • . •
    [Show full text]
  • Appendix E: Cultural Resources Technical Report
    SAN BERNARDINO COUNTYWIDE PLAN DRAFT PEIR COUNTY OF SAN BERNARDINO Appendices Appendix E: Cultural Resources Technical Report June 2019 SAN BERNARDINO COUNTYWIDE PLAN DRAFT PEIR COUNTY OF SAN BERNARDINO Appendices This page intentionally left blank. PlaceWorks CULTURAL RESOURCES TECHNICAL REPORT FOR THE SAN BERNARDINO COUNTYWIDE PLAN, SAN BERNARDINO COUNTY, CALIFORNIA FEBRUARY 2019 PREPARED FOR PlaceWorks PREPARED BY SWCA Environmental Consultants E-1 E-2 CULTURAL RESOURCES TECHNICAL REPORT FOR THE SAN BERNARDINO COUNTYWIDE PLAN, SAN BERNARDINO COUNTY, CALIFORNIA Prepared for PlaceWorks 3 MacArthur Place, Suite 1100 Santa Ana, California 92707 Attn: Colin Drukker Prepared by Alex Wesson, B.A., Chris Millington, M.A., RPA and Nicole Kromarek, B.A. SWCA Environmental Consultants 51 W. Dayton Street Pasadena, California 91105 (626) 240-0587 www.swca.com Contact: Chris Millington, Project Manager SWCA Project No. 31474 SWCA Cultural Resources Report No. 18-270 February 2019 E-3 This page intentionally left blank. E-4 Cultural Resource Technical Report for the San Bernardino Countywide Plan, San Bernardino County, California EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Purpose and Scope: In support of the forthcoming San Bernardino Countywide Plan, PlaceWorks retained SWCA Environmental Consultants (SWCA) to summarize the existing conditions of cultural resources within the study area, evaluate potential impacts that could occur to these resources because of the Countywide Plan, and to provide mitigation measures for potential impacts. The study area is composed of all unincorporated lands that are subject to the County of San Bernardino’s land use jurisdiction; also referred to as the “County Control Area,” the study area is approximately 1,623,988 acres (2,537 square miles) in area, or 12.627 percent of the approximately 12,861,026-acre (20,105- square mile) county.
    [Show full text]
  • Fishing the Port in January 2019
    W.O.C. Fishing the Port of West Sacramento and the D.W.S.C. January Species: Striped Bass, Smallmouth Bass, Largemouth Bass, Sturgeon. General: This is one of the “slow” months as the water is cold and often dirty. Bait fishing (live or dead), throwing lures and jigging will generally do better than trolling. Water temperature/clarity & likely depth(s) fish will be at: 46 to 50-degrees, clear to dirty, 4’ to the bottom. Best time to fish: 60-90 minutes before and after a tide change. Go to http://washingtonoutboardclub.org/ :Tides” 2019 Tide Tables. Best to avoid days or times of the day with ship arrivals or departures. Go to https://www.marinetraffic.com/en/ais/details/ports/20760/USA_port:SACRAMENTO Peak times: First light and dusk. The three-hour period around a tide change. Sections: Trolling Drifting Live Bait Jigging Plugging/Throwing Lures Bait Fishing On-Anchor 1 Trolling When the water is 56-70 degrees, water clear (you can see your prop) to semi-clear (you can see your anti-cavitation plate) & the tides are right (small to medium size). Areas: Rod, reel, main line: 7’ MA rod, 10-17 pound, ¼-3/4 oz; line counter reel with a clicker and 30-pound braid ending with a snap. Leader: 30 inches of 15-25-pound mono with a barrel swivel on one end and a snap on the other. Scents/bait: In off-color water use garlic or shad scent (gel or spray). Lures/colors/speed: 12-16’ water depth: Yo-Zuri Crystal Minnows (center or outside rod, less likely to use it) or Predators (inside rod, less expensive if you lose it).
    [Show full text]
  • Threats from Fishing and Cumulative Impacts
    6.2 Adverse impacts of fishing activities under South Atlantic Council Fishery Management Plans (excerpted from Barnette 2001) All fishing has an effect on the marine environment, and therefore the associated habitat. Fishing has been identified as the most widespread human exploitative activity in the marine environment (Jennings and Kaiser 1998), as well as the major anthropogenic threat to demersal fisheries habitat on the continental shelf (Cappo et al. 1998). Fishing impacts range from the extraction of a species which skews community composition and diversity to reduction of habitat complexity through direct physical impacts of fishing gear. The nature and magnitude of the effects of fishing activities depend heavily upon the physical and biological characteristics of a specific area in question. There are strict limitations on the degree to which probable local effects can be inferred from the studies of fishing practices conducted elsewhere (North Carolina Division of Marine Fisheries 1999). The extreme variability that occurs within marine habitats confounds the ability to easily evaluate habitat impacts on a regional basis. Obviously, observed impacts at coastal or nearshore sites should not be extrapolated to offshore fishing areas because of the major differences in water depth, sediment type, energy levels, and biological communities (Prena et al. 1999 ). Marine communities that have adapted to highly dynamic environmental conditions (e.g., estuaries) may not be affected as greatly as those communities that are adapted to stable environmental conditions (e.g., deep water communities). While recognizing the pitfalls that are associated with applying the results of gear impact studies from other geographical areas, due to the lack of sufficient and specific information within the Southeast Region it is necessary to review and carefully interpret all available literature in hopes of improving regional knowledge and understanding of fishery-related habitat impacts.
    [Show full text]
  • INSHORE FISH AGGREGATION DEVICES Their Deployment and Use
    SPC/Fishenes 24/WP 10 Page 1 ORIGINAL: ENGLISH SOUTH PACIFIC COMMISSION TWENTY-FOUR REGIONAL TECHNICAL MEETING ON FISHERIES (Noumea, New Caledonia, 3-7 August 1992) INSHORE FISH AGGREGATION DEVICES Their deployment and use. (Paper prepared by the Secretariat) INTRODUCTION 1 Growing regional interest in the development of domestic tuna fisheries has inspired a parallel interest in fish aggregation device (FAD) programme development. The 22nd RTMF reflected this interest in its focus on FADs. At the direction of that meeting the DSFDP has increased its efforts to provide both practical FAD assistance and development work in offshore FAD technology and exploitation. In addition, as directed by the 22nd RTMF, the Project has widened the scope of its activities to include, among other things, an ongoing effort to develop effective technology and exploitation techniques for FADs set in shallow inshore waters, most often for the particular purpose of aggregating baitfish species. 2. Apart from appropriate gear, the single most important ingredient for successful mid- water tuna fishing techniques, such as vertical and horizontal longlining and mid-water handlining, is the availability of suitable bait. It is widely recognised among Pacific island fisherman that small pelagic species such as big-eye scad (Seiar crumenophthalmus) and round scad (Decapterus spp.). which are widely known in the region by variations of the common Polynesian names of atule and opeta respectively, being a natural prey of tuna, make for superior bait. 3 These and some other small pelagic species also provide a seasonal source of food fish in some areas and fisherman have learned a good deal on a localised basis about the seasonal occurrence and behaviour of these, fishes.
    [Show full text]
  • Federal Register/Vol. 84, No. 159/Friday, August 16, 2019/Notices
    41966 Federal Register / Vol. 84, No. 159 / Friday, August 16, 2019 / Notices Dated: August 13, 2019. • Instructions: Comments sent by any traps to target lionfish. Because FWC Tracey L. Thompson, other method, to any other address or requested that the amended EFP remove Acting Deputy Director, Office of Sustainable individual, or received after the end of the requirement that research traps have Fisheries, National Marine Fisheries Service. the comment period, may not be a current endorsement, stamp, or [FR Doc. 2019–17626 Filed 8–15–19; 8:45 am] considered by NMFS. All comments certification and allow sampling during BILLING CODE 3510–22–P received are a part of the public record the spiny lobster closed season, the EFP and will generally be posted for public would exempt research traps from the viewing on www.regulations.gov gear identification requirements at 50 DEPARTMENT OF COMMERCE without change. All personal identifying CFR 622.402(a) and exempt the information (e.g., name, address), activities from the seasonal closures at National Oceanic and Atmospheric confidential business information, or 50 CFR 622.403. The amended EFP Administration otherwise sensitive information would also exempt the project activities RIN 0648–XS004 submitted voluntarily by the sender will from the closed seasons, size limits, and be publicly accessible. NMFS will bag limits at 50 CFR 622.34, 622.37, and Fisheries of the Caribbean, Gulf of accept anonymous comments (enter ‘‘N/ 622.38 to allow FWC to retain other fish Mexico, and South Atlantic; Exempted A’’ in the required fields if you wish to for species identification verification Fishing Permits remain anonymous).
    [Show full text]
  • Rock T ' Search Association
    Papers Presented at the Fourteenth Annual Symposium Cedar City, Utah UT ROCK T ' SEARCH ASSOCIATION Volume XIV, Number 1, 1995 The Utah Rock Art Research Association Journal is a publication of papers presented at the annual symposiums held every year somewhere in Utah. The 1994 Utah Rock Art Research Association Symposium was held at in Cedar City, Utah on September, 1994. President, Nal Morris Vice president, Gerald Dean Editors: Bonnie Morris Nina Bowen Carol Patterson Rudolph Copyright @ 1995 TABLE OF CONTENTS Recording Petroglyhs at the Little Black Mountain Site on the Arizona Strip Shirley Ann Craig and George W Craig 15 Horses and Rock Art Rachel C. Bush 19 Petroglyphs Favor the Aikens and Witherspoon Theory of Numic Expansion in the Greg Casin John S. Curtis 45 Non-Symbolic Petroglyph Pecks: Random Particles or Purposeful Statements Kjersti A. Cochran 53 Some Terrain Features Represented in Rock Art Clay Johnson 59 A Unique Expression of the Venus Star Symbol Among the Petroglyphs of the Lower Colorado River Boma Johnson 75 Some Solar Interactions at Grapevine Canyon John Fountain 85 The Yellow Women Prehistoric Kachina Mask Paintings of the Keres Carol Patterson Rudolph 97 The Occurrence of Hand Prints in the San Louis Rey Style, Southern California Steve Freers 108 Evidence from Pictographs that Prehistoric Fremont Indians Collected Animal Blood in Ceramic Jars Steven J Manning 117 The Buckhorn Restoration Project Reed Martin SYMPOSI E EDT CATION TO Boma Johnson The dedication of a Symposium and associated publication is reserved for those persons whose effort and dedication to the study and preservation of rock art.
    [Show full text]