Philaenis in Martial, Epigram VII, 67 Sandra Boehringer
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Not a Freak But a Jack-in-the-Box: Philaenis In Martial, Epigram VII, 67 Sandra Boehringer To cite this version: Sandra Boehringer. Not a Freak But a Jack-in-the-Box: Philaenis In Martial, Epigram VII, 67. Archimède : archéologie et histoire ancienne, UMR7044 - Archimède, 2018, 5, pp.83-94. hal- 01800658v2 HAL Id: hal-01800658 https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01800658v2 Submitted on 17 Jun 2018 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. ARCHIMÈDE N°5 ARCHÉOLOGIE ET HISTOIRE ANCIENNE 2018 Marie AUGIER Patricia HORVAT Sylvain BADEY Christine HUE-ARCÉ Claudia BELTRÃO Florent JODRY Marion BERRANGER Daniela LEFÈVRE-NOVARO Ruby BLONDELL Eugene O’CONNOR Sandra BOEHRINGER Deborah KAMEN Michel BRIAND Matthieu MICHLER Louise BRUIT ZAIDMAN Annalisa PARADISO Julien BRUYÈRE Sandra PÉRÉ-NOGUÈS Luisella CABBOÏ Olivier PUTELAT Gael CARTRON James ROBSON Hélène CASTELLI Yvonne RÖSCH Patrick CLERC Bertrand ROSEAU Carmen DAMOUR Marie-Laure SRONEK Marina HAWORTH Marieke VAN ES REVUE , RCHIMeDE ARCHÉOLOGIE ET HISTOIRE ANCIENNE Directeur de la revue : Michel HUMM Rédacteurs en chef : Sandra Boehringer & Airton Pollini N°5 ARCHÉOLOGIE ET HISTOIRE ANCIENNE 2018 OSSIER THÉATIQUE : HUOEROTICA 1 Ruby BLONELL et Sandra BOEHRINGER Humour et érotisme dans l’Antiquité grecque et romaine. Introduction au dossier 7 arina HAWORTH The Wolf sh Lover: The Dog as a Comic Metaphor in Homoerotic Symposium Pottery 24 James ROBSON Whoring, Gaping and Hiding Meat: The Humour of Male-on-Male Sexual Insults in Aristophanes’ Knights 35 Carmen AOUR De qui se moque-t-on ? Les travestis sur la scène de l’Assemblée des femmes d’Aristophane 49 eborah KAEN The Consequences of Laughter in Aeschines’ Against Timarchos 57 Yvonne RÖSCH Hunting Hares and Lovers: Socrates’ Playful Lesson in Xenophon, Memorabilia III, 11 71 Eugene O’CONNOR Aroused by Laughter: Martial’s Priapic Humor u 83 Sandra BOEHRINGER with the artistic collaboration of arjolaine FOURTON Not a Freak but a Jack-in-the-Box: Philaenis in Martial, Epigram 7, 67 95 ichel BRIAN Des mœurs sexuelles des Sélénites (Lucien, Histoires vraies, I, 22) : entre satire queer et constructionnisme incarné, le sexe qui donne à rire et à penser 108 ACTUALITÉ E LA RECHERCHE : ES FEES PUBLIQUES. GENRE, VISIBILITÉ ET SOCIABILITÉ ANS L’ANTIQUITÉ GRECQUE ET ROAINE 185 VARIA 246 LA CHRONIQUE ’ARCHIÈE Retrouvez tous les articles de la revue AMD sur http://archimede.unistra.fr/revue-archimede/ REVUE , RCHIMeDE ARCHÉOLOGIE ET HISTOIRE ANCIENNE NOT A FREAK BUT A JACK-IN-THE-BOX: PHILAENIS IN MARTIAL, EPIGRAM VII, 67 Sandra BOEHRINGER Maîtresse de conférences en histoire grecque Université de Strasbourg UMR 7044 Archimède with the artstc collaboraton of [email protected] Marjolaine FOURTON Agrégée d’histoire Élève de l’École Normale Supérieure de Lyon [email protected] ABSTRACT Comment comprendre les épigrammes satiriques et sexuelles de Martial ? Et surtout comment percevoir l’humour de ces How are we to understand Martial’s satirical and sexual epi- caricatures si crues et si violentes ? Cette étude se concen- grams? And, especially, how are we to perceive the humour trera sur une fgure particulière, celle du personnage de in these caricatures, which are so coarse and violent? This Philaenis, une femme qui se trouve désignée à deux reprises essay focuses on a particular fgure, that of the Philaenis par Martial par le terme de tribas et qui se livre à diférents character, a woman whom Martial twice characterises as types d’activités (érotiques, sportives, alimentaires). a tribas. The character is portrayed as performing various Cet article montre qu’une lecture trop axée sur des consi- types of activities (touching on sex, sports, and food). dérations morales nous empêche de percevoir un aspect This study shows that a reading relying too heavily on moral important de l’humour de Martial. Si, à la lumière des travaux considerations may keep us from perceiving an import- de M. Foucault et D. Halperin, on prend en considération ant aspect of Martial’s humour. If, following the work of les catégories propres d’une société before sexuality et si M. Foucault and D. Halperin, we take into account the l’on cesse de se focaliser sur les pratiques sexuelles, on appropriate categories for a society ‘before sexuality’, and constate tout d’abord que le personnage mis en scène dans stop focusing on sexuality, we can see right away that the ce poème est avant tout un être en character staged in this poem is in the frst place a being action. Rythme mécanique, gestes in action. Mechanical rhythm, awkward maladroits et socialement inappro- and socially inappropriate gestures: an priés : une analyse du rire et de l’hu- Mots-clés analysis of laughter and humor adapted mour adaptée au contexte antique et Keywords Genre, Gender, to the ancient context and combined combinée avec une historicisation des sexualité, sexuality, with a historicizing approach to sexual catégories sexuelles permet de perce- humour, humor, categories allows us to perceive the voir la mise en scène, non pas d’une corps, body, poem as staging not a reversal (of sex inversion (de genre ou d’« orientation satire, homosexuality, homosexualité, or “sexual orientation”) but a comic sexuelle »), mais d’un détournement lesbianism, lesbianisme, tribas, misappropriation of the societal norms comique des normes de sociabilité du tribas, sport. of a (male) Roman citizen. citoyen romain. sport. Article accepté après évaluation par deux experts selon le principe du double anonymat 83 ARCHIMÈDE Archéologie et histoire Ancienne N°5 2018 - p. 83 à 94 Dossier « Humoerotica » There can be no doubt that Martial’s epigrams were and Roman world of what, in an equally anachronis- funny to the Romans, particularly when we consider tic fashion, one might refer to as “eroticism”. This what great care the poet took with his piquant fnal new way of apprehending sexuality, which breaks the twists or “points”. But what kind of humor is this thread that used to link ancient Greek pederasty and exactly? And what roles do sex and eroticism play in modern homosexuality and creates a conceptual gap the poem’s comedy? This essay will focus on a specifc between modern sexuality and erotic experience in epigram of Martial which has caused a lot of ink to antiquity [6], has opened up a new perspective on fow among classicists: it has not only given rise to ancient societies: instead of looking for our modern numerous interpretations – often contradictory and categories in these contexts, subsequent scholarship sometimes even absurd – but it has even made some attempts to identify the categories specifc to each contemporary readers laugh. But – and this is the society and each period of antiquity, in which con- question – is their laughter the same kind of laughter temporary categories may be subdivided, distributed, as that of the Romans [1] ? or overlap. Thus, in Greece as in Rome, there is no Before looking at the poem, it is crucial to raise a equivalent of the modern notion of sexuality, as the few points about method. The categories of sexuality set of discourses, norms and human practices involved current in our contemporary societies do not match in the personal and psychological construction of the Roman perceptions of erotic practices. Similarly, as individual, whose emergence during the 19th century numerous scholars have shown over the last three was demonstrated by Michel Foucault and further decades – with many following the path opened up elaborated by Arnold I. Davidson [7]. The set of prac- by Michel Foucault in his History of Sexuality [2] – in tices that we group under the heading of “sexual” societies “before sexuality” such practices were not emerge from various cultural felds, and can be cul- assigned the same cultural and social functions as turally tied to or integrated with areas that can seem, they are today [3]. Thanks to this work, the history to a western scholar of the 21st century, very distant of sexuality has become a fertile feld of investiga- from what we now call “sexuality”. This discovery tion; new aspects of ancient societies have become renders obsolete any attempt to categorize ancient clear to us [4]. To posit societies “before sexuality” practices through the opposition between “homo- is to admit that what we perceive as sexuality is a sexuality” and “heterosexuality”, and any impulse “relatively recent and highly culture-specifc [form] of to establish delimited and consistent “sexual norms” erotic life” [5]: it does not correspond to the Greek that would apply to all areas of human activity [8]. [1] I warmly thank Ruby Blondell, for her friendship, her Sexuality. The Construction of Erotic Experience in the sound advice, and for help with translating the text, and Ancient World (Halperin et alii 1990, French translation Kirk Ormand for his enthusiastic support. A big thank you forthcoming from Epel). to Marjolaine Fourton for her invaluable collaboration and [4] Among all the recent publications, see especially her “artistic eye”, which made a signifcant contribution in understanding the text, and to Thaïs Breton for her indis- the collections by Masterson, Rabinowitz & Robson pensable assistance and for editing the video. 2015; Blondell & Ormand 2015; Hubbard 2014. This paper was presented at the annual meeting of the [5] Halperin 1990: 9. Society for Classical Studies in New Orleans on January 9, [6] Halperin 1990. 2015, as part of a panel organized by Ruby Blondell and Kate Topper.