Turkish Journal of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation; 32(3) ISSN 2651-4451 | e-ISSN 2651-446X

DEVELOPING COMMUNITY-BASED DRINKING WATER AND SANITATION MANAGEMENT MODULE IN –

Yunhendri Danhas1, Bustari Muchtar, Firman Doctoral Program of Education Science, Postgraduate - Universitas Negeri Padang 1Email: [email protected]

ABSTRACT

One of the reasons for the low skills of the community-based water and Sanitation management group in is the absence of an adequate training module to train the management groups concerned. This research aims at developing a community-based drinking water and sanitation facility management module in Padang Pariaman Regency using the methods of Analysis, Design, Develop, Implement, and Evaluate (ADDIE) model. It was found that 1) The module currently used does not have an instruction component for the facilitator, a worksheet key, an evaluation sheet, and an evaluation sheet key; 2) The development result module is valid with values 0.86 (very high); 3) Module development results are practical with a value of K = 0.87 (very high); and 4) Module development results are proven to significantly increase the knowledge of the management group with a sig value of 0.00 <0, 05. It is concluded that the developed module has fulfilled valid, practical, and effective criteria. The implications of the research results are: 1) The module can be used as a source and independent learning media for the management groups; 2) The use of module by the facilitator in mentoring and conducting training for the management group can be more effective; and 3) the management groups can improve their knowledge in carrying out their functions and roles related to the management of existing facilities. It is recommended that the central and provincial work units socialize the use of the module to facilitators throughout Indonesia, and the use of the module must follow the instructions and stages as presented in the module.

Keyword—Developing, community, drinking water, sanitation, management module.

I. INTRODUCTION One of the efforts in sustainable development is to conserve water resources by protecting and managing natural water sources, and maintaining the availability of these water resources in the community [1-4]. Where in 2008, the Indonesian government launched a National Program called the Water Supply for Low Income Community Program (WSLIC) [5]. This program is popularized by the acronym of Community-Based Water Supply and Sanitation Program (PAMSIMAS) [6].

The results of preliminary observations indicate that not all of the total 98 units of water supply facilities that have been built in the Padang Pariaman Regency are functioning optimally. The SIM data report for the PAMSIMAS Program for the Padang Pariaman Regency Region in 2018 and the Water and Sanitation Work Unit for the Public Works Office of West Province shows that there are 27 units or 27.6% that are no longer functioning. This relates to the skills of the management groups. Moreover, the management community has so far not received education through effective training. They only attended program socialization when the program started and was only given one-time training on the maintenance and development of the facilities that had been built in the program. The training is conducted by the team of facilitators who equips the management groups with a program implementation manual as well as modules on financial maintenance and administration and reporting.

II. THEORETICAL STUDIES [7] states that skills are grouped into 2 (two) categories, namely foundation skills, and higher-order thinking skills (high skills that involve thinking skills). These skills have a positive effect on a person's ability to carry out their duties and roles in work. [8] explains that one of the efforts to improve human skills is through education. The educational process takes place in line with how humans inherit and develop life skills. [9] stated that life skills are www.turkjphysiotherrehabil.org 207

Turkish Journal of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation; 32(3) ISSN 2651-4451 | e-ISSN 2651-446X skills that exist in humans in interacting with a changing environment. [10] state that low public access to clean water quality can result in an increase in the frequency of illness in a community. This has implications for low productivity. Thus, there is poverty which has an impact on the depletion of natural resources. Moreover, the depletion of natural resources has an impact on the degree of human welfare which forms what is called a poverty trap.

Conserving water resources means maintaining the availability of water functions in nature [11-13]. Water in nature is available in a hydrological cycle which forms a natural balance. [14] add one of the ways humans meet their water needs for drinking and sanitation is by building water collection facilities (intake), water collection tanks (reservoirs), and distribution pipes. According to the technical team for the PAMSIMAS Program (2013) that the water distribution system from its source to the community is carried out using a gravity system. After the facilities are built, the maintenance of facilities is managed by the management groups. Thus, the ability of the management groups determines the success of the maintenance of the facilities. For this reason, a learning module is needed in terms of maintenance and development [15]. [16] states that a learning module is a unit of the smallest teaching and learning program, which can be learned by students themselves individually or taught by students to themselves (self-instructional). [17] argues that learning modules are teaching materials that are arranged systematically and attractively encompassing material content, methods, and evaluations that can be used independently to achieve the expected competencies.

III. METHODS This research is developmental research using the Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation (ADDIE) model. The research subjects were 30 management groups in the Padang Pariaman Regency. The qualitative data analysis is obtained from interviews, literature studies, and is presented in tabulated form. While the quantitative data were analyzed using the Kappa coefficient moment calculation for validity and practicality as well as the independent t-test to see its effectiveness [18-20].

IV. RESULTS Findings The results of the needs analysis indicate the need for a training module that contains material in accordance with what the management groups need in carrying out their duties and functions. The results of the problem analysis prove that the current module does not yet have important components, such as instructions for facilitators in carrying out training, key worksheets, evaluation sheets, and evaluation sheet keys. In terms of characteristics, the existing modules do not indicate yet as a self-contained and friendly one to the management groups.

The results of the analysis of the objectives indicate the need for skills in the field of administration that specifically serve to carry out reporting and financial management activities obtained from contributions. Then, the need to train managers in the technical field to be able to maintain facilities and infrastructure and at the same time develop a network or service coverage for drinking water access to other community members, social sector managers in terms of leadership and organizational insights, environmental conservation managers to have environmental awareness, and take action to protect and manage water resources in the environment.

Based on the results of the analysis, five modules were designed with the main material, including 1) introduction to the PAMSIMAS program; 2) ecological functions in the form of the PPLH concept; 3) social functions in the form of institutional strengthening; 4) technical aspects of facility maintenance; and 5) administration and reporting. There are four (4) main components that will be validated, namely 1) module construction; 2) module structure and components; 3) material coverage in the module book; and 4) module characteristics. The results of the expert validation obtained the moment value of the Kappa coefficient (K) = 0.89 (very high). The details are presented in Table 1 below.

Table-1. Module validation results according to moment kappa coefficient (K) No Aspect K Category 1 Module Construction 0,84 Very High 2 Module Structure and Components 0,93 Very High 3 Material Coverage in the Module Book 0,94 Very High 4 Module Characteristics 0,87 Very High

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Turkish Journal of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation; 32(3) ISSN 2651-4451 | e-ISSN 2651-446X

The result of the practicality of the module according to the user group of 15 people is K = 0.87, according to the facilitator, 5 people are K = 0.83 (very high) and according to expert observers as many as 5 people, K = 0.93 (very high). So that the average value of K = 0.88 (very high) is shown in Table 2 below.

Table-2. Results of the analysis of practicality test in the moment of the kappa coefficient (K) Evaluator Avarage Management Group Facilitator Expert Observer Result K (15 persons) (5 persons) (5 persons) K-Value K-Value K-Value 0,88 Very high 0,87 Very high 0,83 Very high 0,93 Very High

The results of the effectiveness of using the module were carried out by giving 30 people a pre-test and post-test. The data obtained are presented in Table 3 below.

Table-3. Description of class data before and after

Data Processed Items Before After N 30 30 Valid Missing 0 0 Mean (average) 63, 93 87, 10 SD (Standard Deviation) 5, 07 10, 96 Min (Lowest Value) 35,00 79,00 Max (Highest Value) 87,00 99,00 Sum (Tota) 1.918 2.613

Table 3 shows the distribution of data from the pre-test and post-test results of the module user groups. It can be seen that there is no missing data and all valid data is 30. The total average value after the module is used achieves 87,10 which means it is higher than the average value before the module is used, that is 63,93. The number of values after using the module is 2,613 that means it is higher than before the module is used, that is 1,918. Furthermore, the normality test was carried out and obtained sig alpha 0.744 > 0.05 in the previous class and sig alpha 0.062 > 0.05, which means that the data for the two (2) classes were normally distributed. Homogeneity test results obtained sig value 0.074 > 0.05, which means the data is homogeneous. The independent t-test results obtained by Asymp. Sig 0, 00 < 0.05 for both groups. This means that there is a significant increase in group knowledge after using modules with groups before using modules significantly.

V. CONCLUSIONS Judging from its practicality, the module still needs to be improved in terms of packaging. An attractive and practical size for the community is medium size (15 x 20 cm). This too has been revised. Although in general, the practicality value of the module has very high criteria, namely 0.87 (very high) assessed by KP as a module user, 0.83 (very high) assessed by the facilitator, and 0.93 (very high) assessed by expert observers.

The results of the effectiveness test show that the module is effectively used. This is understandable because so far the training has been received only once a year and the manual has given is in the form of an implementation manual from the Ministry of Public Works which is still general. With the module that details each item of capability the management group must-have, the seriousness of the manager in participating in training or studying this module increases so that the results of using the module are effective. From the results of the effectiveness test, it was evident that there was an increase in the knowledge of the management group after using the module. From the results of the cross-check after 3 months there has been an increase in the problem-solving point. From the results of the evaluation in the field, it is known that the management group has made reports on financial matters. In addition, according to a Wali Korong in Sekayan, the management group has synergized with the local government in managing PAMSIMAS facilities. This is proven by the existence of a report from the management group to Wali Korong regarding the existing financial condition. In addition, there have also been efforts to improve the existing PAMSIMAS facilities in Korong Sitoboh Gadang. Repairs were made to the pump that filled the water in the reservoir. The management group has been able to do it on their own based on the existing modules. At one location point, the management group could not make repairs if the damage was in the form of damage caused by lightning, as happened in the Aur Malintang management group. But for minor damage in the form of a www.turkjphysiotherrehabil.org 209

Turkish Journal of Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation; 32(3) ISSN 2651-4451 | e-ISSN 2651-446X

leaking pipe connection or damage to the pump due to a worn or broken cable, the management group was able to repair it themselves.

VI. CONCLUDING REMARKS From uses of the module for people, it is concluded that the developed module is valid, practical, and effective. The implications of the research results are 1) Module books can be used as a source and independent learning media for the management groups; 2) The use of modules by facilitators in mentoring and conducting training for management groups can be more effective; and 3) the management groups can improve their knowledge in carrying out their functions and roles related to the management of existing facilities. It is recommended that the central and provincial work units socialize this module to facilitators throughout Indonesia for use, and the use of the module must follow the instructions and stages in each module in the module book.

Contribution/Originality: This research contributes to the low skills of the community-based water and Sanitation management group in Padang Pariaman Regency in the absence of an adequate training module to train the management groups concerned. Based on the results, researchers make recommendations that the government of central and provincial work units socializes this module to facilitators throughout Indonesia for use, and the use of the module must follow the instructions and stages in each module in the book.

VII. ACKNOWLEDGMENT: The author is grateful to the subjects, respondents, friends, and all parties that helped with the collection of data and the preparation of this Scientific Writing. The author is also grateful to the Rector of the Universitas Negeri Padang - Indonesia for their input, financial assistance, criticism, and advice.

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