M 7.6 WEST SUMATERA EARTHQUAKE Wednesday 2009-09-30 17:16:09 WIB (UTC-7) Depth: 80 km Location: 0.789˚S 99.961˚E

POPULATION EXPOSURE ~ 8.741 k 1.831 k 2.847 k 2.845 k 1.890 k 0 0 0

BUILDING EXPOSURE ~ 1.841 k 384 k 596 k 667 k 417 k 0 0 0

ESTIMATED MMI I II - III IV V VI VII VIII IX X++

PERCEIVED SHAKING Not Felt Weak Light Moderate Strong Very Strong Severe Violent Extreme

Resistant Moderate/ None None None Very Light Light Moderate Heavy Very Heavy POTENTIAL Structure Heavy DAMAGE Vulnerable Moderate/H None None None Light Moderate Heavy Very Heavy Very Heavy Structure eavy *Population and building exposure data from statistic bureau of * k = x 1000

MODIFIED MERCALLI INTENSITY MAP (MMI Map) Selected Affected Cities MMICity Population Dist2E (km) VII KOTA 72,799 48.68 VII PARIAMAN 393,151 52.97 VII KOTA PADANG 831,338 69.5 VII AGAM 441,572 77.96 VII KOTA PADANGPANJANG 47,234 82.87 VII KOTA 104,483 89.69 VI KEPULAUAN MENTAWAI 67,090 102.19 VI KOTA 105,842 118.94 VI KOTA 55,178 122.81 VI KOTA 56,184 124.41 VI LIMA PULUH KOTA 337,010 127.71 V KUANTAN SENGGIGI 252,927 183.49 V MANDAILING NATAL 416,138 201.81 V KERINCI 316,689 224.98 V PEKANBARU 745,971 236.67 IV KOTA PADANG SIDEMPUAN 185,186 249.16 IV MUKOMUKO 135,553 285.9 IV MERANGIN 284,316 298.07 III KOTA SIBOLGA 94,064 302.05 III SIAK 294,750 336.15 III TOBA SAMOSIR 174,265 361.54 I IV VIII XII II KOTA 454,278 438.95 II SINGKIL 77,068 448.15 Exposure Padang, Bukittinggi, and Pariaman are cities in Sumatera with a very high exposure of economic and insurance. These cities were heavily rocked by the recent quake. As at 01:00 local time, October 1, 2009, death toll reached 75 and still counting, as the evacuation process will be optimized starting today. Heavy rain and total blackout due to failure of electricity system in West Sumatera have worsened the situation and slowing down the evacuation effort. Thousand of buildings and dwelling houses in Padang, Bukittinggi, and Pariaman suffered heavy damage, including several buildings of , the largest university in West Sumatera. That is what we can say so far which show us how destructive the quake was. Explaination The source of the quake was the subduction of Indo-Australia and Eurasian Plate along the coastal area of West Sumatera. Geologically, Padang and Pariaman were stand on the youngest soil layer in Sumatera island, and so is Bukittinggi which stand on young volcanic layer. This condition resulting EQ shock, which is very powerful from its source, being amplified even more powerful with longer duration as the wave of EQ shock trapped in the soil layer. So far, there have been two significant aftershocks. It is imperative to pay more attention as there is possibility the quake will not only followed by aftershock but also independent earthquakes from other sources, similar to past experience of Padang Earthquake September 2007. Theoretically, the shock wave of the quake will only felt in Sumatera Island, but it is also felt in and many cities in Malaka Peninsula with MMI of II - III, due to amplification as these cities stand on a ‘soft’ deposit. M 5.3 NABIRE EARTHQUAKE Thursday 2009-09-03 11:55:07 WIB (UTC-7) Depth: 37 km Location: 3.08˚S 135.44˚E

VII KOTA PARIAMAN 72,799 48.68 III LEBONG 89,242 374.05 VII PADANG PARIAMAN 393,151 52.97 III SUROLANGUN 207,918 378.73 VII KOTA PADANG 831,338 69.5 III BATANGHARI 215,486 381.89 VII AGAM 441,572 77.96 III SAMOSIR 135,727 383.66 VII KOTA PADANGPANJANG 47,234 82.87 II ASAHAN 531,709 389.9 VII KOTA BUKITTINGGI 104,483 89.69 II PAK PAK BHARAT 35,757 409.17 VI KEPULAUAN MENTAWAI 67,090 102.19 II REJANG LEBONG 246,841 417.83 VI DHARMASRAYA 171,721 103.65 II INDRAGIRI HILIR 655,547 419.03 VI TANAH DATAR 344,676 108.77 II KOTA TANJUNG BALAI 158,288 419.81 VI PESISIR SELATAN 439,809 110.8 II KOTA PEMATANG SIANTAR 238,593 423.81 VI PASAMAN BARAT 329,444 112.41 II KOTA BENGKULU 267,947 428.03 VI KOTA PAYAKUMBUH 105,842 118.94 II KEPAHYANG 117,794 432.62 VI KOTA SAWAHLUNTO 55,178 122.81 II KOTA JAMBI 454,278 438.95 VI KOTA SOLOK 56,184 124.41 II SIMALUNGUN 864,638 439.56 VI PASAMAN 254,216 125.47 II TANJUNGJABUNG TIMUR 212,466 442.62 VI LIMA PULUH KOTA 337,010 127.71 II ACEH SINGKIL 77,068 448.15 VI SOLOK 356,479 151.15 II DAIRI 275,567 451.79 VI SAWAHLUNTO SIJUNJUNG 195,757 151.5 II KOTA TEBING TINGGI 139,864 463.05 VI SOLOK SELATAN 131,822 177.38 V KUANTAN SENGGIGI 252,927 183.49 V MANDAILING NATAL 416,138 201.81 V KAMPAR 554,732 209.56 V ROKAN HULU 344,060 218.27 V KERINCI 316,689 224.98 V PEKANBARU 745,971 236.67 V TAPANULI SELATAN 217,210 238.57 IV KOTA PADANG SIDEMPUAN 185,186 249.16 IV BUNGO 253136 257.89 IV TEBO 250,699 280.06 IV ROKKAN HILIR 425,161 282.24 IV MUKOMUKO 135,553 285.9 IV INDRAGIRI HULU 297,602 288.1 IV MERANGIN 284,316 298.07 III KOTA SIBOLGA 94,064 302.05 III TAPANULI UTARA 264,772 307.56 III TAPANULI TENGAH 300,444 315.98 III BENGKALIS 698,278 331.02 III SIAK 294,750 336.15 III BENGKULU UTARA 341,604 357.55 III PELALAWAN 247,394 357.61 III TOBA SAMOSIR 174,265 361.54 III LABUHAN BATU 1,001,178 361.79 III HUMBANGHASUNDUTAN 159,036 370.23 III TANJUNGJABUNG BARAT 240,601 373.7