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Market Organizer Network at Fish Auction; Case Study of Gauang Market, Padang, West Sumatera, Indonesia

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Market Organizer Network at Fish Auction; Case Study of Gauang Market, Padang, West Sumatera, Indonesia INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC & TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH VOLUME 8, ISSUE 09, SEPTEMBER 2019 ISSN 2277-8616 Market Organizer Network At Fish Auction; Case Study Of Gauang Market, Padang, West Sumatera, Indonesia Firdaus, Ariesta, Sri Rahayu, Nurus Shalihin Abstract: Market is an important economic structure in almost economic societies. By using market organization and network approach, this study would like to see how market organization works at the Fish Auction (TPI) at Gauang Market. This study was conducted qualitatively in 2015 with data collection method through in-depth interviews, observation, and document studies. The result shows that there were two types of market organizers that determine market at the Fish Auction (TPI) at Gauang Market. The market organizers were linked by three binding network forms. The networks that bound the actors made a position of an actor accessible to the other actors. Index Terms :Network, Market Organizer, Market Chain, Fish Auction, Traditional Market, ———————————————————— 1. INTRODUCTION (TPI) at Gauang Market is a developed traditional fish market THE orientation of economic development in fisheries sector is that was established in 1950s. The population development an effort to the sustainability of fisheries development by and economic growth make the traditional market grow into a encouraging the productivity in fisheries catch and the market that provides daily needs of the people (Zusmelia & expansion of the marketing (Pieris, 2001). One of the Firdaus, 2016a). For the development of fishermen‘s economy, government‘s policy break through is to provide autonomy for Koperasi Minagates (Mina means fish, Gates is a shortened the regions in developing marketing facilities and infrastructure word from Gauang, Teluk Nibung and Sungai Beremas) was for fisheries management (Pieris, 2001). Market fish is one of established in 1960. The name Minagates stands for Mina the infrastructures supporting the economic activity of (fish) Gauang, Teluk Nibung, and Sungai Beremas (Arista et fishermen. In Indonesia, the large-scale fish market is known al., 2016).The cooperation then becomes a partner of TPI known as Tempat Pelelangan Ikan (Fish Auction) and Gauang in fish auction activity. Fish auction, by referencing to abbreviated as TPI was one of the driving factors in improving the Joint Decrees of the Minister of Home Affairs, Minister of the fisheries business and fisherman‘s welfare (Wiyono, Agriculture, and Minister of Cooperatives and Development of 2005)..Historically, fish auction has been known since 1992. Small Enterprises Number 139 Year 1997; Fish auction is established and managed through fishery 902/Kpts/PL.420/9/97; and 03/SKB/M/IX/1997, is a place cooperatives, especially in Java Island, with the aim of where sellers and buyers carry out transaction of buying and protecting fishermen from price-fixing practice by middlemen selling fish through auction. Thus, TPI, according to the and, at the same time, helping fishermen develop their own sociology literature, is a market. As a market, TPI has actors businesses (Hertanto, Kushandayani, Astuti, & Windiani, 2013; and networks who are working on it. Sociology studies have Pramitasari, 2005). In West Sumatera, based on DKP of West discussed market issues, ranging from traditional markets Sumatera data there are 27 units of PPI (Pelabuhan (Agboola, Azizul, Rasidi, & Said, 2018; Zusmelia, Firdaus, & Pendaratan Ikan/Fish Landing Port) and TPI scattered in Ansofino, 2019), modern markets (Najib & Sosianika, 2017; various districts or cities in coastal areas such as Padang Suryadarma, Poesoro, Budiyati, Akhmadi, & Rosfadhila, 2007; Pariaman Regency, Padang City, Agam Regency, Mentawai Utomo, 2011), including in the network approach (Seaman, Islands Regency, and West Pasaman Regency. In the city of McQuaid, & Pearson, 2017). However, network studies at TPI Padang, which is the capital of West Sumatera province, there are quite limited. This study is aimed to investigate the actors are some fish auction places, they are TPI Gauang in and networks working on TPI by using the approach to Kecamatan Lubuk Begalung, TPI Sungai Pisang in Kecamatan economic sociology. Bungus Teluk Kabung, and TPI Pasie Nan Tigo in Kecamatan Koto Tangah (Arista, Rahayu, & Irwan, 2016).The fish auction 2 THEORETICAL REVIEW Market is an important socio-economic institution in society and has been an important interest in social studies especially since 1950s (Swedberg, 1994). In the literature –especially the economy literature- market is often associated as a place of ———————————————— buying and selling between traders and buyers (Lie, 1997). Market, in a simple definition, is a medium where exchanges Firdaus is currently a Senior Lecturer at Sociology Education can take place. Oxford English Dictionary defines market as Department of STKIP PGRI Sumatera Barat. E-mail: firdaus@stkip- ‘the meeting or congregating together of people for the pgri-sumbar.ac.id purchase or sale of provisions or livestock, publicly exposed, Ariesta is currently a Lecturer at Sociology Education Department of at a fixed time or place; the occasion or time during which STKIP PGRI Sumatera Barat. E-mail: [email protected] such goods are exposed for sale, also the company of people Sri Rahayu is currently a Lecturer at Sociology Education Department of STKIP PGRI Sumatera Barat. E-mail: [email protected] at such a meeting‘ (Root, 2007). Broadly speaking, market can Nurus Shalihin is currently a Senior Lecturer at Religious Studies be understood as an organization that organizes and Department, Faculty of Ushuluddin and Religious Studies, UIN Imam coordinates all activities within it (Estudillo, Sawada, Kajisa, Bonjol Padang, E-mail: [email protected] Fuwa, & Kikuchi, 2010; Root, 2007). In another approach, 37 IJSTR©2019 www.ijstr.org INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC & TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH VOLUME 8, ISSUE 09, SEPTEMBER 2019 ISSN 2277-8616 market is defined as a place where goods and services are maintain healthy milk product quality standards on the market sold to customers at a certain price that is paid with money (Suckert, 2017).Sellers are the main players in market, but (Fligstein, 1996).According to the above definitions, market they are controlled by two other actors. Basically, their can be viewed from two perspective, they are market as a reactions to market organization affect the way market works, place (market place) and as a system (market system). Market but they often involve themselves in organizing markets in a as a market place, according to Oxford Dictionary, is a place collaboration with fellow buyers or sellers. In this case, the where buying and selling occurs. This concept refers to a authors distinguish the difference between switch-role markets market that has been understood by many people; a place and fixed-role markets. The first is a market where sellers can where merchants and buyers meet and exchange their goods turn into buyers, and vice versa. In this type of market, there is or products with other materials. Thus, market that is intended no stable foundation in regulating the market. The second is in this context is a physical market. On the other hand, market the market where sellers have permanent role and buyers as a market system according to business dictionary is a cannot turn into sellers (e.g. automotive product market). In social network that permits interaction between buyers and this type of market, sellers regulate the market for the common sellers. Furthermore, McConnell, Brue & Flyn (2009) even said good (Ahrne et al., 2015).Referring to the theoretical that market system is a gigantic communications system. framework discussed above, this study limits itself to two main Through changes in prices and profits, it communicates issues. First, he author state that market on this study is changes in such basic matters as consumer tastes and elicits market place, which is the place to meet sellers and buyers appropriate responses from businesses and resource and make a transactions to agree on prices for the good. suppliers (McConnell, Brue, & Flynn, 2009). As a market Therefore, in this study the intended market place is a market system, market can be interpreted as a mechanism or system which is a place for fish auction at where the good is fish in governing the market (Zusmelia & Firdaus, various scales. Second, the market organizer in this paper is 2016b).Sociologically, market has been one of the most the market actor at the fish auction. Both of market place and interesting areas of sociological study for the last few decades market organizer is site in Gauang market, Padang city, West (Swedberg, 1994). There are three mainstream theory groups Sumatra province, Indonesia used by sociologists in the study of market, they are network, institution, and performative. The network focuses on the 3 METHOD rational relationships between actors as the material of social This research was conducted as a part of own study at the fish structure, while the institutionalist focuses on how conditions auction (TPI) in Gauang Market, Padang. Gauang Market is and actions are contextualized with market rules, power, and one of 15 traditional markets in the city of Padang, the capital norms, and the performative group considers economic action of West Sumatra province, Indonesia. Gauang market is only as the result of a calculative process involving the technology 6.8 km from Pasar Raya Padang that located in the heart of and specific
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