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Individual Capacity Building in Newly Proliferated West Pasaman Regency, West Sumatera Province, Indonesia

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Individual Capacity Building in Newly Proliferated West Pasaman Regency, West Sumatera Province, Indonesia International Journal of Research in Humanities and Social Studies Volume 6, Issue 5, 2019, PP 24-37 ISSN 2394-6288 (Print) & ISSN 2394-6296 (Online) Individual Capacity Building in Newly Proliferated West Pasaman Regency, West Sumatera Province, Indonesia Khairul*, Sri Suwitri, Hartuti Purnaweni, Son Diamar Public Administration Doctoral Program, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia *Corresponding Author: Khairul, Public Administration Doctoral Program, Faculty of Social and Political Sciences, Diponegoro University, Semarang, Indonesia ABSTRACT Capacity building is an aspect, which determining successful objective of a local government proliferation. Individual capacity is important because human become actors who perform efforts for their future. Regency Government of West Pasaman is one of local governments in West Sumatera Province, Republic of Indonesia, which has undergone the proliferation process. Efforts related to the proliferation that the regency has been doing are education and training and further study program for its government staff and civil servants in order to improve their quality. West Pasaman Regency provides in class and out-of-class education and training programs. It provides further education program by giving opportunities to its government staff and civil servants to attend higher education at diploma, graduate, and post-graduate levels. This study applied a phenomenological approach if West Pasaman Regency had succeeded to undertake the proliferation while most of proliferated areas nationwide failed. The study focus was on individual capacity building as a key to successful proliferation and to performing local autonomy. Keywords: Individual Capacity Building; Local Government; West Pasaman; Proliferation INTRODUCTION areas. Reform era has characterized by, among others, proliferation of the governmental system Indonesia experienced a change in governmental of Indonesia. According to (Dewan Perwakilan regime in May 1998, allowing the country to Rakyat RI, 1999), article 4(1), proliferation can make a massif political system transform. The take different forms, such as fusion of several key element to such transformation process was areas or the areas adjacent to the proliferating decentralization. As a leading building block in area, or fission, in which one area becomes two reform program the Government of Indonesia or more newly different administrative territory. inaugurated (Dewan Perwakilan Rakyat RI, Furthermore, proliferation can be viewed as a 1999) on Local Government. The law part of local management process, or "territorial reconstructed the power structure within the reform" or "administrative reform", i.e. public administration system of the country and "management of the size, shape and hierarchy of resulted in a substantial shift of public funding local government units for the purpose of achieving from national to regional levels. political administrative goals" (Ferrazzi, 2005). The The fundamental change as required by (Dewan local management typically comprises proliferation Perwakilan Rakyat RI, 1999) for decentralization. (fusion), fission, or demise of particular area. Furthermore, political decentralization stated that to The grand strategy of an optimal local autonomy be signaling the transfer of political power to the does not stop by determining how many lower levels of the government (Bekele & autonomous areas to be preferable. Instead, the Kjosavik, 2016). The decentralization of power essence of the autonomy of particular area must allows the local governments to execute their be capable of answering question of what autonomous authorities in order to make planning proliferation is for (in the context of territorial and decisions about important local matters reform) (Ferrazzi, 2005). (Schneider, 2003) (Montero, 2008). In practice, A report from the Ministry of Interior Affairs of decentralization gives opportunities to the local Republic of Indonesia in 1999 summarizes a political leaders to perform a proliferation. The significant increase in number of the new areas, policy on proliferation has allowed the local as shown by Table 1 below. governments to proliferate their administrative International Journal of Research in Humanities and Social Studies V6 ● I5 ● 2019 24 Individual Capacity Building in Newly Proliferated West Pasaman Regency, West Sumatera Province, Indonesia Table1. Number of Local Governments in Indonesia over time Year Province Regency Municipality Total Prior to 1999 26 234 54 319 1999 2 34 9 45 2000 3 - - 3 2001 - - 12 12 2002 1 33 4 38 2003 - 47 3 49 2004 1 - - 1 2005 - - - - 2006 - - - - 2007 - 21 4 25 2008 - 27 3 30 2009 - 2 - 2 Autonomy by Proliferation post Law 22/1999 7 164 34 205 Total of Local Governments (2009) 33 398 93 524 However, in practice, local autonomy has not Since it had formed its own government apart been successful because it has not obtained as from Pasaman Regency, it had recorded the autonomy has promised, i.e. freedom of satisfying, significant improvement both in movement and better opportunities for the quality and in quantity. The study found that the locals. Most autonomous areas failed because key to proliferation success for West Pasaman either original area declined due to the existence Regency was capacity building. of newly proliferated area, newly proliferated Capacity building in West Pasaman, an declined due to its disintegration from the autonomous, newly proliferated area (Autonomy original area, or massive decline between the Regional Result of Unfoldment, DOHP) in West original and the newly proliferated areas. This Sumatera Province, Indonesia, is part of failure has surely resulted in inadequacy in strategies towards improvement of capacity, community service provision and local people effectiveness and (Keban, 2004) has theorized well-being efforts. This worsening trend has responsiveness of local civil servants, as what. urged the central government of Indonesia to West Pasaman Regency has been organizing a take a critical measure: the President issued a capacity building process in three dimensions of moratorium in 2010 to halt temporarily the capacity building, i.e. individual, institutional, proliferation (Viva news, 14 July 2010). The and system, to answer questions provided by President's statement concerning his decision is literatures in (Grindle, 2011), (Keban, 2004), as follow: and (Ammitsboll, 12AD). However, this study “The moratorium is still in effect. We must wait would limit its discussion to individual for further policies on proliferation based on dimension. evaluations we have done so far, on grand West Pasaman Regency as the autonomous, design, and on strategic policy the government newly proliferated area only established in 2003 has been making.” under the provincial administration of West While the moratorium has been in effect, the Sumatera Province. At the time of its proliferation continues to fail. Two periods of establishment, the regency consisted of 11 the Ministry of Interior reported a similar trend. districts and 19 areas namely Nagari. Figure 1 In 2012, the Minister of Interior stated that 70 provides the territorial area map of the regency. per cent of the proliferated areas failed The formation of West Pasaman Regency as a (KOMPAS, 15 December 2012). In 2015, the new autonomous area was the result of mutual Minister of Interior announced that 62 per cent aspiration of its local community. The official of the proliferated areas failed (Republika, 16 recognition of West Pasaman Regency provided April 2015). by and guaranteed in (Pemerintah Republik Indonesia, 2004) on the Establishment of New This study found a phenomenon in West Regency/Municipal Governments in West Pasaman Regency. Amidst failures the other Sumatera Province. Furthermore, the areas had been experiencing, West Pasaman Government of Indonesia officially established Regency demonstrated a phenomenal success. it on 6 January 2004 with the appointment of the 25 International Journal of Research in Humanities and Social Studies V6 ● I5 ● 2019 Individual Capacity Building in Newly Proliferated West Pasaman Regency, West Sumatera Province, Indonesia interim Regent by the Governor of West regency divided into 216 jorong. The history of Sumatera. the establishment of the new proliferated area of West Pasaman began with the promulgation of RESEARCH OBJECTIVE Act 38/2003. Furthermore, four additional Research observation of the current study only districts established according to Local Act focused on individual dimension of the capacity 4/2003. building. Therefore, this study aimed at Different authors have performed previous assessing the individual capacity building of the studies on capacity building. Triana (2013) government staff in West Pasaman Regency. performed a research of capacity building in RESEARCH METHODOLOGY local government with the aim to examine the concept of local government capacity building This study performed the research observation in both theoretical and operational aspects. This using a qualitative methodology. (Sugiyono, study concluded that capacity building is a huge 2013) stated that the qualitative research job for autonomous local governments to give methodology is a research performed in a priority to public serving. (Arka, 2008) in his natural condition. Furthermore, (Creswell, 2013) paper on local autonomy, local capacity divided qualitative methodology into five building, and support for minority languages, a different
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