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Nogueira, Jeane Andréia Pedrosa [Dissertação, 2014].Pdf UNIVERSIDADE FEDERAL FLUMINENSE FACULDADE DE FARMÁCIA PROGRAMA DE PÓS-GRADUAÇÃO STRICTO SENSU EM CIÊNCIAS APLICADAS A PRODUTOS PARA SAÚDE (PPG-CAPS) JEANE ANDRÉIA PEDROSA NOGUEIRA AVALIAÇÃO DA BIOATIVIDADE E ESTUDO DA COMPOSIÇÃO QUÍMICA DO ÓLEO ESSENCIAL DAS FOLHAS DE Zanthoxylum tingoassuiba A. ST. HIL Niterói, RJ 2014 JEANE ANDRÉIA PEDROSA NOGUEIRA AVALIAÇÃO DA BIOATIVIDADE E ESTUDO DA COMPOSIÇÃO QUÍMICA DO ÓLEO ESSENCIAL DAS FOLHAS DE Zanthoxylum tingoassuiba A. ST. HIL Dissertação apresentada ao Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Aplicadas a Produtos para Saúde (PPG- CAPS) da Universidade Federal Fluminense como requisito parcial para obtenção de grau em Mestre. Área de Concentração: Desenvolvimento de Produtos para Saúde. Orientador: Prof. Dr. Leandro Machado Rocha Coorientadora: Profª. Drª. Samanta Cardozo Mourão Niterói, RJ 2014 N 773 Nogueira, Jeane Andréia Pedrosa Avaliação da bioatividade e estudo da composição química do óleo essencial das folhas de zanthoxylum tingoassuiba A. St. Hil./ Jeane Andréia Pedrosa Nogueira; Orientador: Leandro Machado Rocha. – Niterói, 2014. 84f. Dissertação (Mestradao)- Universidade Federal Fluminense, 2014. 1. Rutaceae 2. Óleo essencial 3. Composição química 4. Inseticida 5. Acaricida I. Rocha, Leandro Machado II. Título CDD 615.321 JEANE ANDRÉIA PEDROSA NOGUEIRA AVALIAÇÃO DA BIOATIVIDADE E ESTUDO DA COMPOSIÇÃO QUÍMICA DO ÓLEO ESSENCIAL DAS FOLHAS DE Zanthoxylum tingoassuiba A. ST. HIL Dissertação apresentada ao Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Aplicadas a Produtos para Saúde (PPG- CAPS) da Universidade Federal Fluminense como requisito parcial para obtenção de grau em Mestre. Área de Concentração: Desenvolvimento de Produtos para Saúde. Aprovada em 26 de fevereiro de 2014. BANCA EXAMINADORA ____________________________________________ Prof. Dr. Leandro Machado Rocha – UFF Orientador ____________________________________________ Profª. Drª. Evelize Folly Chagas - UFF ____________________________________________ Prof. Dr. Marcelo Guerra Santos - UERJ ____________________________________________ Profª. Drª. Adriana Passos Oliveira - UFRJ (Revisor e Suplente) Niterói, RJ 2014 Ao Poder Superior que me concede Serenidade, Coragem e Sabedoria para cumprir todas as etapas com alegria e prazer. AGRADECIMENTOS À minha companheira Anabella por me incentivar a criar mentalmente a realidade desejada e ter ação para que a vida aconteça cada dia melhor. À minha família pelo apoio incondicional. Especialmente minha mãe Penha pelo seu exemplo de força, coragem, determinação e alegria. Ao prof. Leandro Machado Rocha, pelo rigor e gentileza com que me orientou e me envolveu nas perspectivas do universo acadêmico e, sobretudo por ter me recebido de braços abertos. À profª. Samanta Cardozo Mourão pela sua gentil coorientação, pelos ensinamentos farmacotécnicos e por sua amizade afetuosa. Aos amigos, que formam a família do Laboratório de Tecnologia de Produtos Naturais (LTPN-UFF), pelo apoio, amizade e contribuição para com o meu aprendizado no universo das plantas medicinais. Ao ilustre botânico e profº. Marcelo Guerra, pelos ensinamentos, amizade e grande ajuda durante as coletas na restinga. Ao amigo e fiscal do Parque Nacional da Restinga de Jurubatiba, Sr. Jorge Inácio Barcelos, pelas incursões a pé ou de barco em busca do nosso alvo. À professora Denise Feder, Marcelo Salabert e demais professores, alunos e técnicos do Laboratório de Biologia de Insetos do GBG/UFF, pela colaboração e ensinamentos. À professora Evelize Folly do Laboratório de Metabolismo de Parasitos e suas dedicadas alunas pela colaboração e oportunidade de aprendizado. Aos professores e funcionários da Faculdade de Farmácia e do PPG-CAPS, em especial à coordenadora do programa Prof.ª Kátia Lima por todo o suporte durante o trabalho. À CAPES pelo apoio financeiro. GRATA! “Embora eu não possa mudar o vento, posso ajustar minhas velas para navegar.” Anônimos RESUMO Zanthoxylum tingoassuiba é uma espécie da família Rutaceae, popularmente conhecida como guando-do-mato, mamica-de-porca e limãozinho. Este trabalho descreve a análise da composição química do óleo essencial das folhas, sendo silvestreno identificado como constituinte majoritário através da análise por CG/EM. É a primeira vez que os constituintes muurola-4,5-trans-dieno e isodauceno são identificados no óleo essencial desta espécie. Para a atividade inseticida do óleo essencial desta espécie frente ao inseto Rhodnius prolixus, um dos vetores da doença de Chagas, foi observada alta taxa de mortalidade, mal formação e paralisia em ninfas de quinto estádio deste inseto. A atividade inseticida foi também avaliada frente aos fitófagos Dysdercus peruvianus e Oncopeltus fasciatus, insetos praga de lavoura. Em Dysdercus peruvianus o processo de metamorfose e período intermuda foram afetados e ocorreram deformações em alguns insetos tratados, além de mostrar uma alta taxa de mortalidade. Nos insetos Oncopeltus fasciatus, o tratamento com óleo puro e nas diluições de 500 mg/mL e 250mg/mL apresentou mortalidade de 100%. Na avaliação da atividade acaricida, ocorreu alteração na oviposição, diminuição da eclodibilidade dos ovos e 100% de mortalidade na concentração de 5%, além de mostrar que a eficácia do óleo essencial é dose dependente. Estes resultados sugerem que o óleo essencial das folhas de Z. tingoassuiba pode futuramente ser utilizado como ativo em formulações bioacaricidas, fazendo parte da terapêutica do carrapato do boi, um bioagente responsável por causar enormes danos a pecuária. Neste trabalho é relatado às atividades inseticida e carrapaticida para Zanthoxylum tingoassuiba, demonstrando que esta espécie possui um potencial biotecnológico a ser mais estudado. Palavras-chave: Zanthoxylum tingoassuiba. Óleo essencial. Inseticida. Carrapaticida. ABSTRACT Zanthoxylum tingoassuiba is a species from the Rutaceae family, commonly known as “guando-do-mato”, “mamica - de - porca” e “limãozinho”. This work describes the analysis of the essential chemical composition of its leaves oil having identified the sylvestrene as a major component, through CGMS analysis. It is the first time that constituents muurola - trans - 4,5 - diene and isodaucene are identified in an essential oil from this species. It was observed, for insecticidal activity of the essential oil against the insect Rhodnius prolixus, one of the vectors of Chagas disease, a high mortality rate, malformation and paralysis in fifth instar nymphs. It was also evaluated against phytophagous Oncopeltus fasciatus and Dysdercus peruvianus, that are insects pests of crops. In Dysdercus peruvianus the process of metamorphosis and intermolt period were affected, some of the treated insects presented malformation and a high mortality rate. In Oncopeltus fasciatus, the treatment with pure oil and dilutions of 250.00mg/mL and 500.00mg/mL presented 100% mortality rate. In the acaricidal activity evaluation, changes occurred in oviposition, decreased hatchability of eggs and 100 % mortality at a concentration of 5 %. It also shows that the effectiveness of the essential oil is dose dependent. These results suggests that the essential oil from leaves Z. tingoassuiba can be used as actives in bioacaricidal formulations in the future, being part of the cattle tick therapeutics, a bioagent that causes huge damage to livestock. This work reports the insecticidal and acaricidal activities for Zanthoxylum tingoassuiba, showing that the species has a biotechnological potential for further studies. Keywords: Zanthoxylum tingoassuiba. Essential oil. Insecticidal. Acaricidal. LISTA DE FIGURAS Figura 1 Distribuição da área do Parque Nacional da Restinga de 19 Jurubatiba Figura 2 Estrutura química das substâncias frequentemente 22 encontradas em plantas do gênero Zanthoxylum Figura 3 Características da espécie Zanthoxylum tingoassuiba A. St.- 23 Hil.; Figura 4 Localidades onde são encontradas a espécie Zanthoxylum 24 tingoassuiba Figura 5 Espécie Zanthoxylum tingoassuiba situada no PNRJ 25 Figura 6 Formação dos compostos fenilpropanoidícos 30 Figura 7 Aparelho extrator de óleo essencial do tipo Clevenger 31 Figura 8 Cromatograma do óleo essencial das folhas de Pilocarpus 32 spicatus Figura 9 Ciclo evolutivo do carrapato 39 Figura 10 Exsicata de Zanthoxylum tingoassuiba coletada no Parque 41 Nacional da Restinga de Jurubatiba Figura 11 Extração do óleo essencial das folhas de Zanthoxylum 42 tingoassuiba Figura 12 A: Ninfas do 5º estágio de R. prolixus. B: R. prolixus 44 adultos Figura 13 Tratamento tópico, oral e por contato de ninfas do 5º 45 estágio de R. prolixus Figura 14 Ninfa de 4º e 5º estágio e adulto de O. fasciatus. B: 46 Adultos de D. peruvianus Figura 15 Ninfas de 4º estágio de O. fasciatus durante o processo de 47 aplicação da amostra Figura 16 A e B: Tratamento Tópico: % de Mortalidade e % de 54 Adultos de ninfas de 5º instar de Rhodnius prolixus com óleo essencial das folhas de Zanthoxylum tingoassuiba Figura 17 A e B: Tratamento Via Oral: % de Mortalidade e % de 56 Adultos de ninfas de 5º instar de Rhodnius prolixus com óleo essencial das folhas de Zanthoxylum tingoassuiba Figura 18 Insetos deformados com tratamento por Contato com óleo 57 essencial das folhas de Zanthoxylum tingoassuiba Figura 19 A e B: Tratamento por Contato: % de Mortalidade e % de 58 Adultos de ninfas de 5º instar de Rhodnius prolixus com óleo essencial das folhas de Zanthoxylum tingoassuiba Figura 20 Mortalidade de ninfas do 4º instar de D. peruvianus com 61 óleo essencial de Z. tingoassuiba puro e em diferentes concentrações, grupos controle (acetona)
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