Journal of Siberian Federal University. Humanities & Social Sciences 11 (2016 9) 2803-2829 ~ ~ ~

УДК 332.1(571.51)

Krasnoyarsk Agglomeration: Idea and Prospects of Development

Vaycheslav I. Polishchuk* Corporation “Krasnoyarsk-2020” JSC 51 Respublike Str., Krasnoyarsk, 660075, Russia

Received 03.06.2016, received in revised form 21.08.2016, accepted 15.10.2016 This article was prepared basing on the materials of the “Strategy of socio-economic development of the Krasnoyarsk agglomeration until 2020” developed in 2008-2009 by the Corporation “Krasnoyarsk- 2020” JSC, in accordance with the state contract No. 6/2008 GK dated July 28th, 2008. In the course of the socio-economic analysis and planning of processes of accelerated innovation complex development of the seven municipalities - Krasnoyarsk agglomeration - with the heart of the agglomeration - the city of Krasnoyarsk, a multivariate analysis of the current status and future directions of socio- economic development of “agglomerated” territories was performed. Such factors as domestic and international economic and political competition areas, as well as historical geoeconomic location of the Krasnoyarsk agglomeration achieved by 2008, the industrial, economic, cultural, educational and social levels of development and the potential for further growth were taken into account. The article considers the planning time-frame until 2020. Keywords: regional development, Krasnoyarsk agglomeration, strategy of socio-economic development, innovative development of the region, modernization of the Krasnoyarsk Krai economy. According to the “Strategy of socio-economic development of Krasnoyarsk agglomeration until 2020” developed in accordance with the state contract No. 6/2008 GK dated July 28th, 2008. DOI: 10.17516/1997-1370-2016-9-11-2803-2829. Research area: economics.

1. Introduction agreement under the auspices of the governor The priority investment project of the Krasnoyarsk Krai. “Integrated socio-economic development of Within the framework of the project the Krasnoyarsk agglomeration” consisting of implementation in 2008-2011 the following 7 municipalities: the city of Krasnoyarsk, the strategic documents had been developed: city of Divnogorsk, the city of Sosnovoborsk, − The strategy of the socio-economic Berezovsky District, Emelyanovsky District, development of the Krasnoyarsk agglomeration Mansky District and Sukhobuzimsky District, up to 2020 was set up in 2008 after the chiefs of 7 − The layout of territorial planning of the municipalities had signed the inter-municipal Krasnoyarsk agglomeration

© Siberian Federal University. All rights reserved * Corresponding author E-mail address: [email protected] – 2803 – Vaycheslav I. Polishchuk. Krasnoyarsk Agglomeration: Ideaы and Prospects of Development

− The investment passport of the Krasnoyarsk agglomeration has included 3 cities - Krasnoyarsk agglomeration. Krasnoyarsk, Divnogorsk and Sosnovoborsk and A number of relevant works was prepared, 4 municipal districts: Berezovsky, Emelyanovsky, including works on the cultural heritage Mansky and Sukhobuzimsky. (Note: the closed of the city of Krasnoyarsk, preparation of city of Zheleznogorsk, formally has not become investment application for the establishment the part of the Krasnoyarsk agglomeration because of the Nanotechnology Centre in Krasnoyarsk, of its special status, but the socio-economic development of the scheme of waste treatment performance of Zheleznogorsk was taken into in the Krasnoyarsk Krai and a number of other account in the development of the Krasnoyarsk works. agglomeration strategic documents). In 2011-2012, in connection with the change Due to the fact that the Krasnoyarsk of the regional development priorities, the agglomeration like all agglomerated spaces had priority investment project “Integrated socio- been developing historically and, accordingly, in economic development of the Krasnoyarsk quite a “messy” way without any balance, during agglomeration” was placed in the management its development essential long-term risks to the of the Interdepartmental Commission of the possibilities of its further advance development Government of the Krasnoyarsk Krai, and have formed, including: specially designed for its implementation − Significant environmental degradation, “Corporation “Krasnoyarsk-2020” JSC was which negatively effects the level and quality of disbanded. life of the population − Increasing of commuting of the working 2. Prerequisites for the development population while the transport infrastructure is and implementation of the project not ready for it The economic, industrial, innovation, − Insignificant development of the transport and logistics, educational and cultural transport infrastructure and its inability to meet heart of the Krasnoyarsk Krai is its administrative current and long-term demands of the socio- centre, the city of Krasnoyarsk. Krasnoyarsk economic space of the agglomeration is also one of the largest centres of Central and − Absence of constantly working Eastern Siberia. Around the city of Krasnoyarsk mechanisms of approval of economic interests of the Central macro-region of the Krasnoyarsk the municipalities included into the Krasnoyarsk Krai is formed with the historically most agglomeration in order to develop unified socio- integrated socio-economic space – “Krasnoyarsk economic policy territorial planning, urban agglomeration”, geographically defined by a development, solving the issues of the transport dense transport infrastructure, sustainable socio- infrastructure development and many other economic ties, “connected” and highly integrated interrelated issues that are critical for the balanced markets: finance, labour, goods and services, and gradual development of highly integrated including commuting of the population. territories of the agglomeration. Taking into account the well-established Due to the special importance of the in the world practice “technical” definition of Krasnoyarsk agglomeration socio-economic any agglomerated socio-economic area, namely space for the sustainable development of the transport accessibility for the population of Krasnoyarsk Krai and the whole Central and about 1.5 hours by public transport, the historical Eastern Siberia, in 2008 - 2009 years the – 2804 – Vaycheslav I. Polishchuk. Krasnoyarsk Agglomeration: Ideaы and Prospects of Development

“Strategy of the Krasnoyarsk agglomeration Russian and international industry development until 2020” was developed on analytics; behalf of the government of the Krasnoyarsk state statistics; Krai (hereinafter referred to as the ‘Strategy’). information bases. The working group on the development During the development of the strategy, of the strategy included representatives the main goal was determined as the growth of of the Krasnoyarsk Krai Government, the population’s well-being. In order to reach administrations of Krasnoyarsk, Divnogorsk this goal the Krasnoyarsk agglomeration should and Sosnovoborsk, Sukhobuzimsky, Mansky, become the best place for life, work, business and Emelyanovsky and Berezovsky municipal creative activities. districts, representatives of the scientific In the process of work, both external trends community and the business community of and existing potential and limit of the territory the Krasnoyarsk Krai, federal and regional were taken into consideration (Fig. 1). industry experts, Russian and international It is noteworthy that the strategy of the consultants. Krasnoyarsk agglomeration socio-economic In the course of the strategic analysis the development was elaborated during the period of following information sources were used: the rise of the global financial crisis, which to a interviews with industry experts; large extent had adjusted forecasts and plans for documents of administrations and its implementation. At the same time, the financial governments of the municipalities included into crisis is a major challenge for the agglomeration and the Krasnoyarsk agglomeration; one of the unique opportunities for the development results of sociological research; of new projects to enhance the attractiveness of the reports of international organizations; agglomeration territory. Moreover, the “break” in documents of the Russian Federation the development of the economy caused by the Government, governments of foreign countries crisis provides an opportunity to spend more time and regions; on planning, design, calculations and, ultimately, analytical reports of investment banks and the choice of strategic priorities, taking into corporations; account the changing external conditions. During

ɉɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥ ɢ ɩɪɟɢɦɭɳɟɫɬɜɚ Ʉɪɚɫɧɨɹɪɫɤɨɣ ɋɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɣ ɚɝɥɨɦɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɮɨɤɭɫ ȼɧɟɲɧɢɟ ɜɵɡɨɜɵ ɢ Ʉɪɚɫɧɨɹɪɫɤɨɣ ɬɟɧɞɟɧɰɢɢ ɉɪɨɛɥɟɦɵ ɢ ɚɝɥɨɦɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɨɝɪɚɧɢɱɟɧɢɹ Ʉɪɚɫɧɨɹɪɫɤɨɣ ɚɝɥɨɦɟɪɚɰɢɢ

ɋɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɰɟɥɢ ɢ ɩɪɢɨɪɢɬɟɬɧɵɟ ɩɪɨɟɤɬɵ

ɂɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ: Strategy Partners

Fig. 1. Interrelation of the factors in determining the strategic focus of the Krasnoyarsk agglomeration – 2805 – Vaycheslav I. Polishchuk. Krasnoyarsk Agglomeration: Ideaы and Prospects of Development this period it is most clearly seen that there is a are included into the Krasnoyarsk agglomeration necessity to come back to the fundamental values: amounted to 1,122 thousand people, accounting the development of the real diversified economy as for 37% of the total population of the Krasnoyarsk opposed to the growth due to only financial assets Krai. and operations. Krasnoyarsk is the capital of the Krasnoyarsk In the course of the study, the analysis Krai, one of the most economically developed and proposed recommendations were aimed at regions of Siberia. It is not only the heart of the searching for the answers to the key questions emerging agglomeration, but also the economic regarding the development of the Krasnoyarsk and business centre of the Siberian region, the agglomeration. preservation and development of which guarantees What are the main advantages and limitations the access to resources and the preservation of of the Krasnoyarsk agglomeration? the territorial integrity of the Russian Federation. Which economic specialization will better Krasnoyarsk clearly occupies the central place in suit to meet the external challenges and consider the spatial frame of the region, concentrating one- the advantages of the agglomeration? third of the population of the Krasnoyarsk Krai, How would the Krasnoyarsk agglomeration three quarters of the administrative authority and differ from other Siberian and Russian cities and one-fifth of produced goods. agglomerations? Krasnoyarsk occupies the second position Which industries have the most potential after Novosibirsk in the Siberian Federal District for growth and correspondingly will become the by the number of infrastructure corridors and priority ones for the development and support of population. It is the major link in the Siberian- the authorities? Far Eastern part of Russian space frame and its What will be the main specialization of influence covers large territories of the Ural, each municipality included into the Krasnoyarsk Siberian and Far Eastern Federal Districts. agglomeration? The potential of the Krasnoyarsk What are the new requirements to the urban agglomeration development is determined by the development decisions? following factors: What are the requirements to the supporting well-developed scientific and educational sectors of the social sphere, such as healthcare, base; culture, sports and security? high level of human resources potential; Implementation of which key projects possibility to allocate large industrial will allow to reach the strategic goals of the facilities on the existing industrial sites of the agglomeration development? agglomeration; The important section of the work have the possibility of allocating energy-intensive become the calculations of the necessary industries while there are relatively cheap sources investments and determination of the financing of electricity; sources for the proposed projects and initiatives. transportation potential due to the presence of major waterways, federal highways, the 3. Characteristics Trans-Siberian railway and a major international 1 of the Krasnoyarsk agglomeration airport. During the development of the strategy, the Being the heart of the agglomeration, population of all municipalities whose territories Krasnoyarsk can enhance the development of – 2806 – Vaycheslav I. Polishchuk. Krasnoyarsk Agglomeration: Ideaы and Prospects of Development various industries in the field of its influence, but The efficient development of the Krasnoyarsk also can limit it, i.e. contribute to the occurence agglomeration can be impeded by some problems of growth points or depression. in the area of economy, natural and climate As a part of implementation of transport and conditions, ecology and social sphere. transit potential of the Krasnoyarsk agglomeration, The most acute economic problems are: the most promising is the development of a 1) the predominant role of metallurgy in diagonal infrastructural corridor to Yakutsk the processing industry, which increases the and the continuation of the regional corridor to dependence of the agglomeration economy on the the south, in Tuva, with its potential conversion world market situation and, in particular, metal into the international infrastructure corridor prices; to Mongolia. Additional opportunities can be 2) low degree of the economy diversification, obtained through the development of the air the main share of employment accounts for the corridor from South Asia (India, Pakistan, Nepal, sector of public and social services, characterized and others) to Canada and the United States. by the lowest contribution to the GRP of the The assessment of the development potential agglomeration (Fig. 2); took into account the growing influence of the 3) low labour productivity compared to Asian market, which each year will consume developed countries for the whole range of sectors more and more natural resources. Due to its and industries (from 8 to 58% of the productivity geographical position, Krasnoyarsk can become level of industries in the United States). a “gateway” for Asian countries to the Siberian In addition, it should be noted that the region region rich in resources and to ensure mutually has low investment attractiveness and the high beneficial economic cooperation. level of investment risks in comparison with

Fig. 2. Correlation of the employment pattern and GRP pattern of the Krasnoyarsk agglomeration (as of the period of the Strategy development)

– 2807 – Vaycheslav I. Polishchuk. Krasnoyarsk Agglomeration: Ideaы and Prospects of Development neighbouring regions, as well as insufficiently and have an impact on its further development attractive conditions for the development of small it is necessary to outline the high level of crime, business. lack of social, educational, sports and cultural An important factor hindering the infrastructure facilities for the population. development of the Krasnoyarsk agglomeration is its territorial remoteness from the major markets 4. Challenges and business centres of the Russian Federation. Among the determined external conditions, Territorial remoteness along with weak transport the most significant ones are the following infrastructure reduces opportunities for the challenges and tendencies: agglomeration to participate in the delivery to • the world financial crisis and economic the international market of the products with low sanctions; added value and a high proportion of transport • growth of economic activity and markets costs in the cost structure, and leads to higher of Asia; prices of products imported into the territory of • globalization; the agglomeration from other regions. This, in • increasing importance of innovations general, reduces the mobility of people, goods and human capital; and business. • increasing competition between the Among the climatic factors affecting regions of the Russian Federation. the development of the agglomeration, the In terms of the developing global financial most important is severe climate. It makes the crisis, the growing importance of the real Krasnoyarsk agglomeration unattractive for work economic sectors and reduced confidence in and life, as well as limits the list of economic the virtual sectors make the economy of the activities that would be effectively developing. agglomeration with the real sector occupying Environmental problems is another important a significant share in the structure of economy factor limiting the opportunities of the Krasnoyarsk more attractive for potential investors. The safety agglomeration development. A high proportion margin of the agglomeration economy, also due of environmentally harmful and technologically to the high budget security, creates conditions dangerous productions and facilities located in for the acquisition of attractive assets, especially close proximity to residential areas lead to the in the field of high technology and innovations. fact that for many years Krasnoyarsk has been in Additional features are potential modernization the list of Russian cities with the most polluted of the financial system and the prospect of atmosphere. According to the environmental and consolidation in some sectors and industries of health services, water in the region’s rivers is the agglomeration. An important opportunity that undrinkable. The Yenisei is contaminated with has appeared as a result of the crisis, is a chance radioactive wastes of the Krasnoyarsk Mining to attract to the agglomeration available qualified and Chemical Combine. The situation is worsened personnel, including experienced managers from even more while some industrial enterprises of the business centres of the Russian Federation. Krasnoyarsk do not have sanitary protection zones Due to the rapid economic and population and do not meet modern requirements for the growth in Asia the region becomes the largest protection of the environment. market for consumer goods and services, Among the factors that characterize the natural resources and raw materials, production state of the social sphere in the agglomeration technology, machinery and equipment; as well as – 2808 – Vaycheslav I. Polishchuk. Krasnoyarsk Agglomeration: Ideaы and Prospects of Development the major supplier of technology, raw materials, is necessary for the creation of the innovative spare parts and human resources. Advantageous economy with the high added value. The main geographical location, availability of the obstacle for the development of the agglomeration Krasnoyarsk Krai’s raw materials and resources, in this way may be the lack of infrastructure for as well as knowledge and understanding of the commercialization of research and development, Russian market will enable the Krasnoyarsk the lack of demand for innovation on the part agglomeration become an important trading of business and unfavourable environment partner for the major Asian countries, as well as for attracting and keeping human resources. act as an intermediary and trade representative Insufficient attention to these problems will between Russian and Asian manufacturers. At the increase the risk of technological lagging behind same time, the development of Asian countries as of the agglomeration and the risk of outflow of the the major manufacturers will result in the need best human resources to more attractive regions. for the agglomeration to adjust to the increasing The necessity to attract new residents to global competition. the region, funding from the federal centre and The intensification of globalization private investors determine the fierce competition accompanied by the active removal of capital- between Russian regions. As a rule, the regions intensive and knowledge-intensive production of clearly representing their strategic priorities in the western companies into countries of Asian region economic and social spheres and implementing and Eastern Europe, opens for the Krasnoyarsk long-term development programmes cooperate agglomeration a wide range of possibilities. In more efficiently with the above target groups and, the first place, the agglomeration may place as a consequence, develop more rapidly. on its territory advanced manufacturing and Already today it is possible to speak about manufacturing processes, which are relocated by the manifestations of this competition in different foreign companies. The convenient geographical spheres. Thus, the Krasnoyarsk agglomeration is location - central in relation to Russia and Asia competing with the Novosibirsk agglomeration - allows the agglomeration to take the leading for leadership in Siberia and with the Irkutsk role in ensuring the integration of the Russian agglomeration for leadership in Eastern Siberia economy in the world by sourcing and entry and the impact on the regions of the Far East. to the growing markets in Asia. The growth Speaking of certain economic areas and industries, of global competition at a low (at the moment) it is worth noting that Krasnoyarsk has to competitiveness of the agglomeration economy compete with Novosibirsk, Tomsk and Irkutsk in poses a threat to the possible pushing out of the field of scientific research and education; with Russian companies not only from international, Ekaterinburg, Omsk, Irkutsk and Novosibirsk in but also domestic markets. mechanical engineering; with Altai and Irkutsk The increasing role of innovation and regions in terms of significant tourist resources. human capital opens the possibility for building Moreover, there is the intersection of interests and an innovative economy, but carries the risk of the competition with Ekaterinburg, Novosibirsk the technological gap growth. A well-developed and Irkutsk for key transport corridors; with scientific and educational complex and the Irkutsk in terms of effective energy systems; with presence of high-tech and innovative enterprises, Kemerovo and Irkutsk regions and the Republic as well as a high proportion of young people will of Sakha-Yakutia for efficient access to natural attract talented people to the agglomeration, which resources. – 2809 – Vaycheslav I. Polishchuk. Krasnoyarsk Agglomeration: Ideaы and Prospects of Development

Understanding of its competitive advantages for entrepreneurship and innovation, service and steady movement in accordance with the base and an administrative and financial centre chosen economic specialization will allow (Fig. 3). It should be noted that the Krasnoyarsk the agglomeration to become the leader in the agglomeration does not have the potential to competition of large cities and agglomerations of become a scientific and educational centre the country. similar to Cambridge or Oxford due to the absence of the key factors of success in this 5. Strategic choice strategic focus: academic schools leading in The strategic focus of the agglomeration various fields of scientific activity. The challenge The Krasnoyarsk agglomeration is by far an to become an administrative and financial industrial site mainly focused on products with centre is also difficult to implement due to the the low added value. Nevertheless, the problem lack of prerequisites for placing on the territory of territorial remoteness from major markets of the agglomeration headquarters of the largest prevents the agglomeration from successful corporations and financial institutions and the implementation of this role due to the high cost of small size of the agglomeration. Development transportation. The main external trends, as well as a service base is a viable option based on as the problems of the agglomeration in economy the resource potential of the Krasnoyarsk Krai and quality of life necessitate the displacement of and the active desire of the significant part of its strategic focus towards the creation of higher the Russian state and business elite for the early added value and a higher level of well-being and development of these resources. The business- quality of life of the population. as-usual development meaning preservation Out of all types of possible strategic focus of the strategic focus of the “industrial site” is the most attractive in terms of added value is also possible. The focus on the development of a scientific and educational centre, a centre the Krasnoyarsk agglomeration as a centre for

ɉɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɚɹ ɩɪɢɜɥɟɤɚɬɟɥɶɧɨɫɬɶ ɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɮɨɤɭɫɚ ɢ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥ Ʉɪɚɫɧɨɹɪɫɤɨɣ ɚɝɥɨɦɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɞɥɹ ɟɝɨ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ

1,2 ɐɟɧɬɪ 1 ɇɚɭɱɧɨ- ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɢ

) ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɣ ɰɟɧɬɪ 0,8 Ⱥɞɦɢɧɢɫɬɪɚɬɢɜɧɨ -ɮɢɧɚɧɫɨɜɵɣ ɉɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɟɧ- 0,6 ɰɟɧɬɪ ɧɚɹ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɤɚ

0,4 ɋɟɪɜɢɫɧɚɹ ɛɚɡɚ ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɢɧɞɟɤɫ ( 0,2 ɐɟɧɬɪ ɬɭɪɢɡɦɚ

ɉɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɣ ɭɪɨɜɟɧɶ ȼɊɉ ɧɚ ɞɭɲɭ ɉɨɫɬɚɜɳɢɤ ɫɵɪɶɹ 0 0 0,1 0,2 0,3 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,8 0,9 1

ɇɚɥɢɱɢɟ ɩɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥɚ ɭ Ʉɪɚɫɧɨɹɪɫɤɨɣ ɚɝɥɨɦɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɞɥɹ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɫɬɪɚɬɟɝɢɱɟɫɤɨɝɨ ɮɨɤɭɫɚ (ɨɬɧɨɫɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɢɧɞɟɤɫ) ɂɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ: Strategy Partners

Fig. 3. Comparison of different types of the Krasnoyarsk agglomeration strategic focus in terms of attractiveness and potential for implementation

– 2810 – Vaycheslav I. Polishchuk. Krasnoyarsk Agglomeration: Ideaы and Prospects of Development

2007 ʊ. - ɶʗʕʏʎʉʕʋʘʙʉʌʔʔʇʦ 2020 ʊ. - ɽʌʔʙʗ ʖʗʌʋʖʗʏʔʏʓʇʙʌʒʣʘʙʉʇ ʏ ʖʒʕʠʇʋʑʇ ʏʔʔʕʉʇʝʏʐ

• ɴʏʎʑʏʌ ʖʗʕʏʎʉʕʋʘʙʉʌʔʔʢʌ ʏʎʋʌʗʍʑʏ • ɹʇʒʇʔʙʒʏʉʢʌ, ʑʉʇʒʏʛʏʝʏʗʕʉʇʔʔʢʌ ʏ – ʋʕʘʙʚʖ ʑ ʘʢʗʣʥ, ʔʌʋʕʗʕʊʕʐ ʖʗʌʋʖʗʏʏʓʞʏʉʢʌ ʒʥʋʏ ʤʔʌʗʊʏʏ ʏ ʔʌʋʕʗʕʊʕʐ ʗʇʈʕʞʌʐ ʘʏʒʌ

• ɵʙʔʕʘʏʙʌʒʣʔʕ ʔʏʎʑʏʐ ʚʗʕʉʌʔʣ • ɩʢʘʕʑʇʦ ʘʙʌʖʌʔʣ ʗʇʎʉʏʙʏʦ ʖʗʌʋʖʗʏʔʏʓʇʙʌʒʣʘʙʉʇ ʗʇʎʉʏʙʏʦ ʖʗʌʋʖʗʏʔʏʓʇʙʌʒʣʘʙʉʇ • ɱʚʒʣʙʚʗʇ ʗʏʘʑʇ, ʘʖʕʘʕʈʘʙʉʚʥʠʇʦ ʉʌʔʞʚʗʔʢʓ ʏʔʉʌʘʙʏʝʏʦʓ, ʇʑʙʏʉʔʕʌ ʖʕʦʉʒʌʔʏʌ ʔʕʉʢʜ ʑʕʓʖʇʔʏʐ ʘ ʉʢʘʕʑʏʓ ʖʕʙʌʔʝʏʇʒʕʓ ʗʕʘʙʇ

• ɶʗʌʏʓʚʠʌʘʙʉʌʔʔʕ • ɶʗʌʏʓʚʠʌʘʙʉʌʔʔʕ ʕʗʏʌʔʙʏʗʕʉʇʔʔʕʌ ʔʇ ʖʕʋʊʕʙʕʉʑʚ ʑʇʋʗʕʉ ʋʒʦ ʕʗʏʌʔʙʏʗʕʉʇʔʔʕʌ ʔʇ ʗʇʈʕʞʏʌ ʏʔʔʕʉʇʝʏʕʔʔʕʐ ʋʌʦʙʌʒʣʔʕʘʙʏ ʘʖʌʝʏʇʒʣʔʕʘʙʏ • ɩʢʘʕʑʇʦ ʇʑʙʏʉʔʕʘʙʣ ʉ ʏʘʘʒʌʋʕʉʇʔʏʦʜ ʏ ʗʇʎʗʇʈʕʙʑʇʜ ɲʚʞʟʏʐ ʋʕʘʙʚʖ ʑ ʓʌʍʋʚʔʇʗʕʋʔʢʓ ʗʢʔʑʇʓ ɴʏʎʑʏʐ ʚʗʕʉʌʔʣ ʏʔʙʌʗʔʇʝʏʕʔʇʒʏʎʇʝʏʏ • • ɯʔʙʌʔʘʏʉʔʢʐ ʓʌʍʋʚʔʇʗʕʋʔʢʐ ʕʈʓʌʔ ʏʔʛʕʗʓʇʝʏʌʐ ʎʔʇʔʏʦʓʏ ɶʕʞʙʏ ʖʕʒʔʕʌ ʕʙʘʚʙʘʙʉʏʌ ʑʕʓʖʇʔʏʐ • , , • ʔʇʉʢʑʇʓʏ ʙʌʜʔʕʒʕʊʏʦʓʏ ʇʑʙʏʉʔʕʌ ʚʞʇʘʙʏʌ ʉ ʓʌʍʋʚʔʇʗʕʋʔʕʓ ʓʌʍʋʚʔʇʗʕʋʔʕʊʕ ʚʗʕʉʔʦ , , ʗʇʎʋʌʒʌʔʏʏ ʙʗʚʋʇ

• ɵʗʏʌʔʙʇʝʏʦ ʔʇ ʖʗʦʓʢʌ ʏʔʉʌʘʙʏʝʏʏ ʘʕ • ɵʗʏʌʔʙʇʝʏʦ ʔʇ ʛʏʔʇʔʘʕʉʢʜ ʏʔʉʌʘʙʕʗʕʉ, ʇʑʙʏʉʔʕʌ ʘʙʕʗʕʔʢ ʑʗʚʖʔʢʜ ʏ ʘʗʌʋʔʏʜ ʉʎʇʏʓʕʋʌʐʘʙʉʏʌ ʘ ʔʏʓʏ, ʖʗʦʓʢʌ ʏʔʉʌʘʙʏʝʏʏ ʖʗʌʏʓʚʠʌʘʙʉʌʔʔʕ ʘʙʗʇʙʌʊʏʞʌʘʑʏʜ ʏʔʉʌʘʙʕʗʕʉ ʘʕ ʘʙʕʗʕʔʢ ʑʗʚʖʔʢʜ ʏ ʘʗʌʋʔʏʜ ʉʢʘʕʑʕʙʌʜʔʕʒʕʊʏʞʔʢʜ ʑʕʗʖʕʗʇʝʏʐ

• ɴʇʒʏʞʏʌ ʖʕʋʊʕʙʕʉʒʌʔʔʢʜ • ɩʢʘʕʑʕʗʇʎʉʏʙʇʦ ʛ ʏʔʇʔʘʕʉʇʦ, ʋʌʒʕʉʇʦ ʏʔʛʗʇʘʙʗʚʑʙʚʗʇ ʖʗʕʏʎʉʕʋʘʙʉʌʔʔʢʜ ʖʒʕʠʇʋʕʑ ʏ • ɷʇʎʉʏʙʇʦ ʏʔʔʕʉʇʝʏʕʔʔʇʦ ʘʛʌʗʇ ʏ ʘʛʌʗʇ ʚʘʒʚʊ ʋʒʦ ʈʏʎʔʌʘʇ ʗʇʎʉʏʙɚʦ ʙʗʇʔʘʖʕʗʙʔʇʦ ʏʔʛʗʇʘʙʗʚʑʙʚʗʇ • Ɇɨɳɧɚɹ ʙʗʇʔʘʖʕʗʙʔʇʦ ʏ ʙʌʒʌʑʕʓʓʚʔʏʑʇʝʏʕʔʔʇʦ ʏʔʛʗʇʘʙʗʚʑʙʚʗʇ

• ɵʙʔʕʘʏʙʌʒʣʔʕ ʔʏʎʑʏʌ ʙʗʌʈʕʉʇʔʏʦ ʑ • ɩʢʘʕʑʇʦ ʘʙʌʖʌʔʣ ʚʗʈʇʔʏʎʇʝʏʏ ʏ ʜʕʗʕʟʏʌ ʚʘʒʕʉʏʦ ʋʒʦ ʍʏʎʔʏ, ʚʘʒʕʉʏʦʓ ʋʒʦ ʍʏʎʔʏ ɯɨɪɨɲɚɹ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɚɹ ɨɛɫɬɚɧɨɜɤɚ • ɩʢʘʕʑʇʦ ʑʕʔʝʌʔʙʗʇʝʏʦ ʉʢʘʟʏʜ ʚʞʌʈʔʢʜ ʎʇʉʌʋʌʔʏʐ ɂɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ: Strategy Partners

Fig. 4. Change of the strategic focus (specialization) of the Krasnoyarsk agglomeration entrepreneurship and innovation, even though In general, the Krasnoyarsk agglomeration requires significant effort, has a better chance potential allows it to position itself as a base for for success with the existing human resources implementation of possibilities of Siberia, the Far potential, experience in the field of applied East and opportunities for cooperation with the science and a strong industrial base. External growing Asian countries. trends and challenges also push to the choice of such a strategic focus (Fig. 4).). Competitive advantages Therefore, the most sensible strategic focus Formation of the Krasnoyarsk agglomeration of the Krasnoyarsk agglomeration is “The Centre as a centre for entrepreneurship and innovations of Entrepreneurship and Innovations”. will require substantial efforts to change the current position by all the parameters Positioning characterizing the designated strategic focus. At Geographic proximity to Asia will allow the same time, as noted above, the key success the Krasnoyarsk agglomeration to use the factor in this strategic direction will be high- opportunities offered by these growing markets, quality human capital. Thus, the administration’s as well as to mediate between Russia and Asia in efforts should be mainly directed at attraction the development of trade relations, the exchange of talented and entrepreneurial people to the of technology, expertise and resources. The agglomeration. high level of development of transport, energy The basis for achieving this goal, in addition and industrial infrastructure together with the to economic benefits, should be comfortable development of business infrastructure will living environment. In the conditions of allow the agglomeration to strengthen the already increasing competition for human capital between formed impact on the regions of Siberia and the the regions, in order to attract the best human Far East. resources the Krasnoyarsk agglomeration should – 2811 – Vaycheslav I. Polishchuk. Krasnoyarsk Agglomeration: Ideaы and Prospects of Development

ɐɟɧɬɪ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɣ

ɍɫɥɨɜɢɹ ɞɥɹ ɠɢɡɧɢ Ɋɚɛɨɬɚ

ɇɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɇɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɥɭɱɲɢɯ ɤɨɦɮɨɪɬɧɨɣ ɫɪɟɞɵ ɨɛɢɬɚɧɢɹ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɞɥɹ ɬɪɭɞɨɭɫɬɪɨɣɫɬɜɚ

Ʌɭɱɲɟɟ ɦɟɫɬɨ ɞɥɹ ɠɢɡɧɢ ɢ ɉɪɟɞɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ ɜɨɫɩɢɬɚɧɢɹ ɋɚɦɨɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɹ ɇɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɥɭɱɲɢɯ ɞɟɬɟɣ ɇɟɨɛɯɨɞɢɦɨɫɬɶ ɫɨɡɞɚɧɢɹ ɥɭɱɲɢɯ ɭɫɥɨɜɢɣ ɞɥɹ ɜɟɞɟɧɢɹ ɛɢɡɧɟɫɚ ɢ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɞɥɹ ɥɢɱɧɨɣ ɩɪɢɜɥɟɱɟɧɢɹ ɢɧɜɟɫɬɢɰɢɣ ɫɚɦɨɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ

ɉɥɚɰɞɚɪɦ ɞɥɹ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɜɨɡɦɨɠɧɨɫɬɟɣ ɋɢɛɢɪɢ, Ⱦɚɥɶɧɟɝɨ ȼɨɫɬɨɤɚ ɢ ɪɚɫɬɭɳɢɯ ɪɵɧɤɨɜ Ⱥɡɢɢ

Fig. 5. The strategic focus, positioning and vision of the Krasnoyarsk agglomeration development up to 2020 become a better place for living, working, leisure Achieving the necessary competitive and personal fulfillment (Fig. 5). advantages and development in accordance with Comfortable living environment means not the chosen strategic positioning and focus will only high quality living conditions for people, enable the Krasnoyarsk agglomeration to take but at the same time productive environment the leading position in the Asian part of Russia for the emergence and development of new and become a fast-growing innovation-oriented businesses on the territory of the agglomeration, region, a pole of technological revival of not only which would require specific efforts of Siberia and the Far East, but also the country authorities. in general. At the same time the Krasnoyarsk The main peculiar feature of the Krasnoyarsk agglomeration can be rightly called the “economic agglomeration and its main competitive advantage gateway” to Asia, the territory strengthening the should become an established exchange of real sector of economy as opposed to the western technologies and competences mainly with service-oriented regions, as well as become the Asian countries, and developed innovative and pole for the growth of Russian competitiveness in educational infrastructure, modern industrial innovative production and serve as a mechanism sites, attractive environment for business for elimination of inequalities in the social and development. economic development of the regions of Russia. In relation to the main competitors (Novosibirsk, Tomsk, Irkutsk) which claim 6. Strategic priorities similar strategic orientation and movement and target performance towards innovative future, positioning of the The strategy assumes the achievement of Krasnoyarsk agglomeration is clear: industrial, the key goals in the field of economy, quality of innovative and technological capital of Siberia life, supporting infrastructure, demography and and the Far East. migration policy by 2020. – 2812 – Vaycheslav I. Polishchuk. Krasnoyarsk Agglomeration: Ideaы and Prospects of Development

Economy housing, transport and social infrastructure of a In determining the economic priorities of new quality, that will stimulate the development the Krasnoyarsk agglomeration the following of the construction industry, which, in turn, determinants should be taken into account: will be a catalyst for the demand for modern Determinants of demand: construction and finishing materials. 1. Objectives of natural resources 5. Large-scale domestic market (more exploration in the Urals, Siberia and the Far East, than 1 mln people) and geographic position development of transport and energy infrastructure, providing transport access to the nearby markets as well as modernization of the Russian economy (Novosibirsk, Irkutsk and others) allow to create in order to increase its competitiveness, are on the territory of the agglomeration a food cluster key determinants of demand for products and basing on modern enterprises for the production professional services for production purposes and distribution of food products and services for (machines, technological equipment, instruments, the population. systems and engineering). As a result, Russia Determinants of quality and the structure of along with the CIS countries becomes one of the economy: most attractive markets of industrial goods in the 1. A relatively low current level of world. labour efficiency and limited access to human 2. Proximity to the new centre of global resources requires to locate on the territory of economic growth - Asian markets - creates the the agglomeration only enterprises with the high prerequisites for Krasnoyarsk to win the role of level of productivity and high added value. For the expertise centre on trade with the Asia-Pacific example, engineering, machine engineering, region. This will cause the demand for professional scientific, educational and professional services, services on the development of business between as well as enterprises of new economy. Russia and Asia. Solving this problem will 2. The high degree of concentration require the development of a modern business of the regional economy and the low level of infrastructure, which will be the basis for the diversification makes its flexibility and ability functioning on the Krasnoyarsk agglomeration to stand against crises lower due to the low level territory of the development institutions and of entrepreneurial initiative. It is important to commercial enterprises specializing in Asian favour the development of medium and small-size markets. businesses (for reference: a medium-size machine 3. With the development of engineering company in Germany – 30 mln EURO telecommunication infrastructure, there appears a with 150 employees), which produce final products new demand for services provided with the use of with high added value and relatively low influence remote access, which opens up new opportunities of the scale on the efficiency of operations. for geographically distant regions. The basis of 3. High proportion of continuous the demand constitute intellectual professional production also reduces the ability of the economy services characterized by a high level of added to adjust to the lower demand in the crisis periods. value. The main source of demand for outsourcing The increasing share of discrete productions services in Russian are economically developed in relation to the continuous ones will increase regions of the European part of Russia. flexibility and sustainability of the economy. 4. The development of the agglomeration 4. Out-of-date business models, for will require the creation of a modern business, example: significant degree of vertical integration – 2813 – Vaycheslav I. Polishchuk. Krasnoyarsk Agglomeration: Ideaы and Prospects of Development in machine and instrument engineering should For these organizations the possibility of be left behind. It is important to stimulate increasing the efficient working day for fulfilling development of modern productions based on tasks and functions (research and development, business models, which include research and translations, design, editing of documents, etc.) development, assemblage and maintenance, as in the remote territories. well as production of unique components and Thus, taking into consideration the potential units, when the economy of production does not of the demand, the impact of the transport rely much on the scope of operations. component in costs, compliance with the Peculiar features of the Krasnoyarsk experience and traditions of the current economy, agglomeration: compliance with the features of the Krasnoyarsk 1. Geographical remoteness does not allow agglomeration, effect on the improvement of the to establish on the territory of the agglomeration economic structure and reduction of risks, and enterprises, which produce such goods when the compliance with environmental requirements, main share of the net cost is transport costs and the most priority sectors and industries can be for which the proximity to the markets is critical. determined for the Krasnoyarsk agglomeration For example, production of mass products, raw (Fig. 6). materials and semi-finished products with the Let us list the main objectives in the low level of processing, including production economic field: components of the third level. 1. To ensure the growth of total revenues of 2. Environmental problems do not allow enterprises and organizations of the Krasnoyarsk to locate on the territory of the agglomeration agglomeration up to 2.7 trillion RUB. enterprises, which will increase the environmental 2. To increase the gross regional product pollution. Moreover, modernization is required up to 862 billion RUB per year. and in the long-term perspective complete 3. To increase average performance by 2.0 removal from the agglomeration territory of times - up to 2,800 thousand RUB per employee existing metallurgical and chemical plants. per year. 3. Severe climate limits the possibilities 4. To provide existing and newly created for the development of some economic sectors, knowledge-intensive production with the for example agricultural business. necessary scientific developments and qualified 4. Production and technical experience, personnel, and for this purpose to increase the engineering culture and existing system of human proportion of scientific and educational complex resources training, as well as well-developed in the structure of the agglomeration economy energy and transport infrastructure create good from 4 to 26%. prerequisites for the development on the territory 5. To increase in the share of mechanical of the agglomeration of a modern industrial base, engineering the structure of the manufacturing which may include high-tech processing plants. sector to 35% by the development of promising 5. Territorial remoteness from the European areas: forestry, mining, energy, oil and gas part of Russia and the Far East (4 time zones) engineering. creates unique opportunity for the establishment 6. To ensure the development of tourism on the territory of the agglomeration of the that could bring the economy up to 19.2 billion branches of Russian research, project, publishing, RUB of revenues, and for this purpose to engineering, consulting and other organizations. contribute to the construction of new hotels and – 2814 – Vaycheslav I. Polishchuk. Krasnoyarsk Agglomeration: Ideaы and Prospects of Development ɨɟɰɚ ɫɩɪɨɫɚ ɉɨɬɟɧɰɢɚɥ ɡɚɬɪɚɬɚɯ ɜ ɫɨɫɬɚɜɥɹɸɳɟɣ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɨɣ ȼɥɢɹɧɢɟ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɢ ɬɟɤɭɳɟɣ ɬɪɚɞɢɰɢɹɦ ɢ ɨɩɵɬɭ ɋɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɚɝɥɨɦɟɪɚɰɢɢ Ʉɪɚɫɧɨɹɪɫɤɨɣ ɨɫɨɛɟɧɧɨɫɬɹɦ ɋɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɪɢɫɤɨɜ ɫɧɢɠɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɢ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɍɥɭɱɲɟɧɢɟ ɬɪɟɛɨɜɚɧɢɹɦ ɷɤɨɥɨɝɢɱɟɫɤɢɦ ɋɨɨɬɜɟɬɫɬɜɢɟ ɂɬɨɝ

ɉɪɢɛɨɪɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɟ… ɂɧɮɨɪɦɚɰɢɨɧɧɨ-ɤɨɦɦɭɧɢɤɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɟ ɬɟɯɧɨɥɨɝɢɢ Ɇɚɲɢɧɨɫɬɪɨɟɧɢɟ ɢ ɢɧɠɢɧɢɪɢɧɝ ɇɚɭɱɧɨ-ɨɛɪɚɡɨɜɚɬɟɥɶɧɵɣ ɤɨɦɩɥɟɤɫ ɢ ɧɨɜɚɹ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɚ ɉɪɨɮɟɫɫɢɨɧɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɢ ɤɨɦɦɟɪɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɭɫɥɭɝɢ ɩɨ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɸ ɛɢɡɧɟɫɚ ɢ ɬɨɪɝɨɜɥɢ ɦɟɠɞɭ Ɋɨɫɫɢɟɣ ɢ Ⱥɡɢɟɣ Ⱦɟɥɨɜɨɣ ɬɭɪɢɡɦ ɋɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɨ, ɩɪɨɢɡɜɨɞɫɬɜɨ ɫɬɪɨɣɦɚɬɟɪɢɚɥɨɜ ɉɢɳɟɜɚɹ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ

Ɍɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬ

ɗɧɟɪɝɟɬɢɤɚ

Ɇɟɬɚɥɥɭɪɝɢɹ

ɏɢɦɢɹ

Ⱦɟɪɟɜɨɨɛɪɚɛɨɬɤɚ

ɋɟɥɶɫɤɨɟ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɨ

Ⱦɨɛɵɱɚ

ɇɟɞɜɢɠɢɦɨɫɬɶ, ɮɢɧɚɧɫɵ

Ʌɟɫɧɨɟ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɨ

Fig. 6. Determining the priority fields of the Krasnoyarsk agglomeration economy the development of related industries, such as is to create conditions for the development of catering. entrepreneurship and attracting companies to 7. To provide the growing economy with the territory of the Krasnoyarsk agglomeration. necessary human resources (778,000 employed In this regard, additional priority and, as a in the economy). consequence, the focus of the efforts of regional 8. To shift the employment structure in the authorities should be the development of factors direction of high-performance industries with such as personnel training, the construction of high wages. industrial sites with ready transportation and 9. To increase per capita income up to 456 energy infrastructure, focused work with the thousand RUB per year. investors, the formation of a sufficient amount of 10. To attract investment in the economy, office space, etc. totaling 1.4 trillion RUB.2 Along with the achievement of quantitative Quality of life indicators of economic development, the essential Since all the priority sectors of the economy element of the implementation of the strategy without any exception present a demand for highly – 2815 – Vaycheslav I. Polishchuk. Krasnoyarsk Agglomeration: Ideaы and Prospects of Development qualified managers and specialists, for which the 7. To ensure that public transport complies important factors of the territory attractiveness with the Euro-4 standard. along with well-paid and interesting work 8. To reduce the time of interaction with the are safety, environmental conditions, health, environment by using ground public transport (to quality of housing and social infrastructure, an minimize the waiting time for public transport, to important strategic priority for the development introduce the stop-on-demand system to reduce of Krasnoyarsk agglomeration becomes a heat loss). significant improvement of the quality of life. 9. To develop the telecommunications To ensure the growth of the agglomeration’s infrastructure to the level that ensures the population by reducing the natural decline in opportunity to enjoy a wide range of services population and migration flows, it is necessary to without leaving home, to compensate for severe create the most comfortable conditions for life. climatic conditions. This includes implementation of the following 10. To ensure the personal and property goals3 by 2020: security of citizens by reducing crime. To make 1. To provide the population with affordable Krasnoyarsk one of the safest cities in Russia. and qualitative housing by replacing the old 11. To ensure the safety of cultural and housing and the construction of new housing in historical heritage of Krasnoyarsk and the region environmentally friendly areas, to achieve the as a whole, namely, museum exhibits, library level housing of 28 sq.m per capita. collections and architectural monuments. 2. To provide the access of the growing population to the social infrastructure, for which it Infrastructure is necessary to reconstruct and update healthcare For the implementation of the above indicated institutions, to build diagnostic and rehabilitation economic objectives by 2020, the following tasks centres, 68 schools and 96 kindergartens. in the field of infrastructure should be fulfilled: 3. To create a variety of opportunities 1. To introduce at least 1,412 MVA of for rest and recreation of the population of the switching capacity to meet the growing electric agglomeration, for which to open 12 museum-type power demands of the economy, which will be 85 organizations, cultural and leisure institutions, HFC per year. children’s art schools, 97 libraries and 12 parks. 2. To construct an additional 1,200 4. To create conditions for involvement of km of roads to reduce the load of the road the population into mass and professional sports, network, increase its capacity and ensure the for which to open 58 swimming pools, 120 sports smooth movement of people and goods in the halls, the centre of martial arts and a number of agglomeration. facilities for high performance sports. 3. To ensure the accessibility of the 5. To reduce the level of pollutant emissions Krasnoyarsk agglomeration from any major city into the atmosphere by 10% compared to 2007, in Russia and abroad. to encourage the use of modern industrial 4. To establish an international air hub technologies to reduce emissions. on the basis of Emelyanovo airport for the 6. To increase the use of environmentally implementation of the transit potential of friendly private and commercial vehicles Krasnoyarsk and increasing the attractiveness (electrified or using environmentally friendly the Krasnoyarsk agglomeration for business and fuel). recreational tourism. – 2816 – Vaycheslav I. Polishchuk. Krasnoyarsk Agglomeration: Ideaы and Prospects of Development

5. To increase the transport connectivity on a regular basis to carry out an information of municipalities of the agglomeration, as well campaign through the media, the Russian embassy as transport accessibility of the agglomeration’s in the target countries, the Internet; heart by constructing new railways. direct involvement of the target groups of 6. To build more than 880 thousand sq.m migrants in the places where they live. of high-quality warehouse spaces to meet the 5. To initiate a complex of measures on the growing demand for commercial and industrial retention of migrants in the agglomeration: warehouses. to create in the agglomeration a highly 7. To meet business demand for quality segmented housing market meeting any office spaces through the construction of not less demands than 450 thousand sq.m of office spaces. to stop the brain drain due to the support of 8. To create a scientific and innovation most talented young specialists zone including scientific and educational to contribute to the settlement of the institutions and infrastructure for the university graduates in the agglomeration, for development of business in which the this purpose to help in the beginning of the conditions for training personnel according to career, search and acquisition of housing, getting the needs of the economy will be created, as of a legal status (if necessary) well as conditions for the development of small 6. To minimize the bureaucratic barriers innovation business and commercialization of connected with registration and paperwork for research developments. arriving migrants. 9. To create a capacity for processing and 7. To create a system of information and recycling of 100% of solid waste generated in the social adaptation for arriving migrants. agglomeration. 8. To provide affordable housing for migrants by allowing them to rent public housing, Demography and migration policy or acquire housing on favourable terms. To meet the demand of the growing economy 9. To ensure that migrants have access for personnel it is necessary to ensure the to various educational services, including the migration inflow in the amount of 404 thousand Russian language courses for people arriving people. Achieving this goal involves a number of from former Soviet republics and far abroad. tasks: 10. To ensure equal access for migrants to 1. To increase the birth rate to the level of the social infrastructure of the agglomeration. 16 children per 10 women. 11. To give an opportunity to the migrants 2. To increase the number of births of belonging to another culture or religion to hold three or more children in families up to 15% meetings with the representatives of their culture by government support and enhancement of the and practice their religion. To do this, it is necessary prestige of socially successful and large families. to build cultural centres and religious sites. 3. To increase the average life expectancy 12. To form a tolerant attitude among the to 75 years. native population towards migrants from other 4. To initiate a range of measures to attract countries. migrants to the agglomeration: 13. To adjust the activities of the authorities to create an attractive image of Krasnoyarsk in terms of the migration policy to the interests of as the best city for life and work; the migrant groups. – 2817 – Vaycheslav I. Polishchuk. Krasnoyarsk Agglomeration: Ideaы and Prospects of Development

14. To ensure that all changes in the field of the infrastructure (roads, electricity, water, of the migration policy with the necessary etc.), as well as social development. legal framework at all territorial levels (as far The convenient location of the city, ready as possible within the framework of federal industrial infrastructure, allocation of land legislation, the impact on which is extremely plots for housing construction, favourable limited). ecological conditions make Sosnovoborsk a ready platform for the transfer of some economic 7. Specialization of municipalities and social functions of the agglomeration included into the Krasnoyarsk centre, Krasnoyarsk. Moreover, Sosnovoborsk agglomeration can perform some of the functions for the Promising specializations of the neighbouring municipalities (Zheleznogorsk and municipalities included in the Krasnoyarsk Berezovsky District). agglomeration had been determined taking into Emelyanovsky District account the development of various industries The following industries are promising for on their territory, the importance of preservation the development in Emelyanovsky District: timber and renewal of traditional forms of management, processing industry, mechanical engineering, strengthening and optimization of inter-municipal construction, transport, trade, tourism and relations in the implementation of large projects in agriculture. the social sector and infrastructure. At the same Berezivsky District time one of the strategy objectives is the relative Future prospects for the development of alignment of the development level in different the district economy is seen in increasing the municipalities. production of innovative industrial products. Krasnoyarsk Particular attention should be paid to construction The most promising economic sectors for materials, as well as the creation of large transport the development of Krasnoyarsk are mechanical and logistics centres. engineering, construction, commercial services, Mansky district finances, tourism, research and education, and The most promising sectors for the the social sphere. In addition, some industries development in the Mansky District are tourism, (metallurgy, timber and chemical industries) agriculture, food industry, timber industry are currently implementing major innovation and mining of raw materials for production of projects. construction materials. Divnogorsk Sukhobuzimsky Distrtict Future prospects for the development of The most promising for the development are the city economy is seen in the development of the following sectors: mining, metallurgy, timber tourism and mechanical engineering (production industry, intensive agriculture and tourism. of power, electronic and optical equipment). Sosnovoborsk 8. Key projects Among the most promising economic The list of investment projects is formed sectors for the development of Sosnovoborsk taking into account the main strategic goals of are metallurgy, timber industry, mechanical the Krasnoyarsk agglomeration until 2020. The engineering and chemical industry. The major priority investment projects are aimed development of the city will entail the development primarily at improving the quality of life of the – 2818 – Vaycheslav I. Polishchuk. Krasnoyarsk Agglomeration: Ideaы and Prospects of Development agglomeration population; transformation of reducing harmful emissions in the environment significantly different territories of municipalities to the minimum level. into a single interrelated territorial system united A separate list of projects and activities should not only by transport availability, but also be aimed at solving the problem of the territorial aligned indicators of living standards; turning the remoteness of the Krasnoyarsk agglomeration agglomeration into the most attractive region of from major markets and business centres of the Siberia for life and work in order to not only keep Russian Federation. Such projects, first of all, may the emerging outflow of population, but also to include efforts to develop transport accessibility and attract to the agglomeration high-quality human connectivity of the agglomeration with the largest capital from other Russian regions and countries cities of Russia and the world, such as the development of the world. of general aviation, attracting low budget airlines, In the economic sphere the priority initiatives construction of high-speed railways. and projects should be focused primarily on the The poorly developed network of cultural, growth of the innovation component; the increase educational and social institutions, as well of the level of the economy diversification; the as objects of energy, transport and industrial use of the opportunities offered in connection infrastructure also requires the implementation with the growth of relatively close regions of of infrastructure projects such as the construction Asia. Key initiatives in this area should be mainly of logistics and office complexes, housing focused on the work with potential investors, construction, development of a network of creation of a favourable business climate. The electric power facilities, setting new educational, priority projects should include the creation of medical, sports, cultural and other institutions to the Siberian Engineering Centre, the Global work. Sourcing Centre, Siberian Business School, the The government considers the following Centre of Technology Transfer and Scientific and projects to be the most priority ones in terms of Innovation Zone, technical innovation centers the economic and social effect: and technology parks. 1. Organization on the territory of the To solve the problems arising due to severe Krasnoyarsk agglomeration of scientific and climate, it is necessary to develop an infrastructure innovation area, the Siberian Engineering Centre, capable to compensate harsh temperature the Global Sourcing Centre and the Centre of conditions for the residents. Promising projects Technology Transfer to ensure transfer of industrial in this area include, for example, the construction companies to a new technological level, which, of all-weather (including underground), social in turn, will increase the competitiveness of the and transport infrastructure to minimize the agglomeration economy and lead to an increase population’s contact with the environment. in the population’s welfare and quality of life. For the purpose of changing the unfavourable Thus, the central component in the development ecological conditions it is necessary to carry of innovation-oriented industries in addition to the out the work in terms of removal of the most science and innovation centre will be the Siberian hazardous industries from residential areas, the Engineering Centre, which will bring together the organization of the construction of new residential largest mechanical engineering with the aim of areas away from hazardous industrial facilities, providing various engineering services, including encouraging enterprises to adopt advanced design, feasibility studies, purchase of equipment, production technologies and treatment systems, project management in construction, installation – 2819 – Vaycheslav I. Polishchuk. Krasnoyarsk Agglomeration: Ideaы and Prospects of Development and commissioning, personnel training and of the agglomeration and the provision of the organization of financing to industrial enterprises necessary benefits. It is also planned to establish of the region and Russia as a whole. Establishment a centre of support to small business, which will of the Engineering Centre will integrate not only represent the interests of entrepreneurs, organize Russian but also foreign suppliers of modern effective interaction of entrepreneurship and technologies, equipment and systems, will boost large business, fulfill coordination and mediation the efficiency of industries and sectors, from functions in promotion of business products; engineering and energy to agriculture, but mainly 7. Development projects of road and will contribute to the growth and modernization of transport infrastructure of the Krasnoyarsk industry in the agglomeration; agglomeration: 1,200 km of new roads; the 2. The construction of socially important construction of a bypass road “deep bypass” for facilities, aimed at creating a comfortable better communication of scientific and innovation living environment and the improvement of area to Emelyanovo airport and the centre of living standards, among which: swimming Krasnoyarsk; completion of construction of the pools, hospitals, kindergartens, schools, student underground; dormitories, museums, cultural and leisure 8. Projects of energy infrastructure institutions, parks and gyms; development of the Krasnoyarsk agglomeration: 3. Increase of the housing stock of the commissioning of 11 new transformer substations Krasnoyarsk Agglomeration from 23.3 to 42 needed to eliminate power shortage in electricity million sq.m. The project will increase the supply transmission and enable the establishment of new of the agglomeration’s population with housing industrial enterprises; up to 28 square meters per 1 resident by 2020; 9. The construction of the Business 4. The construction of all-season (with Centre. The project will result in construction artificial climate) social infrastructure, which of more than 0.5 million sq.m of high-quality allows to compensate unfavorable climatic office spaces necessary to attract representatives conditions to the population; of major global and domestic business to the 5. Attraction of low-cost airlines and general Krasnoyarsk agglomeration and contributing to aviation to the territory of the agglomeration, the development of small business. as well as construction of a high-speed railway 10. Support for tourism at the territory of the between Novosibirsk and Krasnoyarsk, which Krasnoyarsk agglomeration. Among the key projects will compensate for the problem of the territorial is the construction of hotels and country recreation remoteness of the agglomeration and increase the houses, two ski resorts and amusement parks: water mobility of people, goods and business; park, scientific and entertainment centre. 6. Creation of conditions for the development of small business: providing easy 9. Plan of implementation purchase of manufacturing and office spaces and main activities equipped with all necessary utilities; simplification The implementation of the development of procedures for registration and liquidation strategy of the Krasnoyarsk agglomeration should of business; organization of more effective be carried out in three stages: interaction of entrepreneurs with the authorities 1) Preparation; and inspection bodies; ensuring the transparency 2) Creating a basis for growth, restructuring of the business environment in the territory and increase of efficiency; – 2820 – Vaycheslav I. Polishchuk. Krasnoyarsk Agglomeration: Ideaы and Prospects of Development

3) Active growth and expansion (Fig. 7). agglomeration “Centre for Entrepreneurship and The preparatory phase of activities will be Innovations” should be changes in the structure primarily focused on overcoming consequences of the economy; in the indicators reflecting the of the global financial crisis and other negative quality of life and degree of development of the external factors, as well as creating the basic infrastructure. In particular, the successful necessary conditions for the development of the implementation of the strategy will increase the agglomeration in compliance with the selected diversification of the economy and make it more direction. The second stage will include activities balanced. It will increase the role of high-tech related to the implementation of key projects and industries and innovation sectors resulting in initiatives. The activities at the phase of active growing competitiveness of the agglomeration’s growth and expansion will be mainly maintenance economy and make it less dependent on the of effective development of the agglomeration in situation at the world market. accordance with the selected direction. The overall result characterizing the successful implementation of the strategic 10. Expected results from the alternative, “Centre for Entrepreneurship implementation of the strategy and Innovations”, will be the growth of the Economy population’s wealth. Results of implementation of the priority In the service sectors the research and strategic alternative development of the Krasnoyarsk education centre designated as the kernel of this

Fig. 7. Stages of implementation of the Krasnoyarsk agglomeration development strategy – 2821 – Vaycheslav I. Polishchuk. Krasnoyarsk Agglomeration: Ideaы and Prospects of Development

ɉɪɨɝɧɨɡɧɚɹ ɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɚ ɷɤɨɧɨɦɢɤɢ (ȼɊɉ) Ʉɪɚɫɧɨɹɪɫɤɨɣ ɚɝɥɨɦɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɩɪɢ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɚɥɶɬɟɪɧɚɬɢɜɵ «ɐɟɧɬɪ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɣ», %

ɋɟɥɶɫɤɨɟ ɢ ɥɟɫɧɨɟ ɯɨɡɹɣɫɬɜɨ 0% 1% 0% 1% 0% 1% 0% 1% 100% Ⱦɨɛɵɜɚɸɳɚɹ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ 13% 12% 11% ɉɟɪɟɪɚɛɚɬɵɜɚɸɳɚɹ ɩɪɨɦɵɲɥɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ 22% 6% 9% 7%

18% Ɋɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɟɧɢɟ ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ, ɝɚɡɚ ɢ ɜɨɞɵ 11% 15% 16%

Ɍɨɪɝɨɜɥɹ 16% 29% 29% 29%

Ʉɨɦɦɟɪɱɟɫɤɢɟ ɭɫɥɭɝɢ 36% 9% 9% 9%

25% 26% 26% Ƚɨɫɫɟɤɬɨɪ ɢ ɫɨɰɢɚɥɶɧɵɟ ɭɫɥɭɝɢ 9% ɇɈɄ 4%

2007 2020 2020 2020 ɂɧɟɪɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɗɧɟɪɝɨɫɵɪɶɟɜɨɣ ɂɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɨɧɧɵɣ ɂɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ: Strategy Partners

Fig. 8. Prospective changes in the structure of the Krasnoyarsk agglomeration economy strategic alternative will take the leading position entrepreneurs with the authorities and inspection (Fig. 8). The role of tourism will increase. bodies; ensuring the transparency of the business The service sector, as well as production and environment in the territory of the agglomeration processing ones, will become more diversified and the provision of the necessary benefits. and will be no longer determined by the general As a result of the changes, the economy of level of development of the territory’s economy, the Krasnoyarsk agglomeration will become more which will reduce the structural risks of the competitive in terms of innovations and human economy of the Krasnoyarsk agglomeration. capital. The knowledge-intensive and innovative In addition to structural changes in the sectors will be the engines of the entire economy economy, the implementation of the priority making the Krasnoyarsk agglomeration the strategic alternative will create the necessary centre of effective interaction between science, conditions for attraction of small business to the education and business, a backbone region for the territory of the agglomeration and development process of revival of Siberia and the Far East. of business, the contribution of which to the In terms of living conditions, the changes in economy of the agglomeration will reach 50% the economy will lead to significant consequences level. In particular, the efforts of the municipal such as the growth of employment and increase administrations will be focused on ensuring of the average monthly wage. that businesses will be able to easily purchase industrial and office spaces equipped with all Infrastructure necessary utilities; simplification of procedures Taken together, all the initiatives to for registration and liquidation of business; develop the infrastructure in the Krasnoyarsk organization of more effective interaction of agglomeration implemented within the – 2822 – Vaycheslav I. Polishchuk. Krasnoyarsk Agglomeration: Ideaы and Prospects of Development framework of the strategic alternative, “Centre road section “deep bypass” and organization of for Entrepreneurship and Innovations”, will allow parking areas, including underground ones, will the agglomeration to create the necessary basic help to reduce the load on the main roads of the conditions for economic development and growth agglomeration’s kernel and provide more efficient of business activity, as well as create favourable movement of vehicles even in case of a growing conditions for life, work and recreation. number of cars. Significant improvements, in particular, will In the field of the railway infrastructure affect the energy infrastructure: twelve new it is expected to introduce additional routes transformer substations will be commissioned between the municipalities, the members of the with total distribution capacity of 1,412 MVA, Krasnoyarsk agglomeration; construction of a which will increase the capacity of the distribution high-speed railway connecting the airport, science networks of the agglomeration and meet the and innovation area and the railway station of growing needs of industry, community facilities Krasnoyarsk; construction of the underground; and population in electric power at the level of 80 as well as construction of a high-speed railway thousand HFC per year. (Fig. 9). between Krasnoyarsk and Novosibirsk in the In the transport infrastructure, significant future. Implementation of these projects will positive changes will affect roads and railways, greatly decrease the burden on the existing traffic air hub and logistics spaces. The construction arteries. To the greatest extent this will affect of 1.2 thousand km of roadway will increase roads and intersections located in the centre of the capacity of roads in the agglomeration and Krasnoyarsk, where the expansion of the roadway will improve the connectivity of the heart of the is not possible due to the high density of buildings, agglomeration with surrounding territories of and the load on which can be reduced through the semi-periphery and periphery (Fig. 10). Designing construction of the underground. An additional streets on the lattice principle, construction of the advantage of the underground construction will

ɉɟɪɟɞɚɱɚ (ɩɨɬɪɟɛɥɟɧɢɟ) ɷɥɟɤɬɪɨɷɧɟɪɝɢɢ ɜ Ʉɪɚɫɧɨɹɪɫɤɨɣ ɚɝɥɨɦɟɪɚɰɢɢ, ɬɵɫ. Ɍȼɱɚɫ.

80

+2,2 ɪɚɡɚ

37

2007 2020 (ɫ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ ɜɜɨɞɚ ɧɨɜɵɯ ɪɚɫɩɪɟɞɟɥɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɦɨɳɧɨɫɬɟɣ)

ɂɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ: Strategy Partners

Fig. 9. Current and prospective transfer of the electric power in the Krasnoyarsk agglomeration in case of implementation of the strategic alternative, “Centre for Entrepreneurship and Innovations”

– 2823 – Vaycheslav I. Polishchuk. Krasnoyarsk Agglomeration: Ideaы and Prospects of Development

ɉɥɨɬɧɨɫɬɶ ɚɜɬɨɞɨɪɨɝ ɜ Ʉɪɚɫɧɨɹɪɫɤɨɣ ɚɝɥɨɦɟɪɚɰɢɢ, ɤɦ ɞɨɪɨɝ ɧɚ 1000 ɤɜ. ɤɦ. ɩɥɨɳɚɞɢ

165

+1,65 ɪɚɡɚ 100

2007 2020 (ɫ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɞɨɪɨɠɧɨɝɨ ɩɨɥɨɬɧɚ)

ɂɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ: Strategy Partners

Fig. 10. Current and prospective density of road traffic in the Krasnoyarsk agglomeration in case of implementation of the strategic alternative, “Centre for Entrepreneurship and Innovations” provide the population with the opportunity The social infrastructure will be developed to move around the city in a transport system in the framework of the strategic alternative, closed from the external environment, where “Centre for Entrepreneurship and Innovations” comfortable temperature conditions are created. mainly to ensure the living conditions Major infrastructure changes for air transport necessary to attract quality human capital to the will affect the expansion and modernization of agglomeration. Emelyanovo airport, which will become a major In particular, the amount of educational international hub with the development of the institutions, health facilities, sports and cultural logistics capabilities. institutions in the agglomeration will increase In addition to the above changes directly to the level that meets the requirements of the related to the transport infrastructure, the Russian legislation. implementation of the strategic alternative Due to construction of new housing and provides for the construction of additional 882 replacement of shabby housing in total exceeding thousand sq.m of high-quality warehouse spaces, 18 million sq.m, the provision of housing for the primarily in the areas reserved for placing the population of the agglomeration will increase from international hub and special economic zone. 20.2 to 28 square meters per person. Meanwhile, All these changes in the field of the construction of residential buildings will be transport infrastructure and logistics will help carried out taking into account all environmental to effectively manage the increasing freight requirements - far from the hazardous plants, in and passenger traffic in the Krasnoyarsk areas with significant number of green spaces agglomeration (Fig. 11). (Fig. 13). The business infrastructure will also be The communication infrastructure expanded by introducing additional 625 thousand will be developed by providing 100% of the sq.m of high-quality office spaces. Providing free population access to broadband Internet versus access to the office spaces will be one of the factors 25% today. This will allow the population and increasing the attractiveness of the agglomeration business have an easy access to information, for business including small business (Fig. 12). will provide an opportunity to order products – 2824 – Vaycheslav I. Polishchuk. Krasnoyarsk Agglomeration: Ideaы and Prospects of Development

Ƚɪɭɡɨɩɨɬɨɤ ɜ Ʉɪɚɫɧɨɹɪɫɤɨɣ ɚɝɥɨɦɟɪɚɰɢɢ, ɜɤɥɸɱɚɹ ɉɚɫɫɚɠɢɪɨɩɨɬɨɤ ɜ Ʉɪɚɫɧɨɹɪɫɤɨɣ ɚɝɥɨɦɟɪɚɰɢɢ, ɬɪɚɧɡɢɬɧɵɣ, ɦɥɧ. ɬɨɧɧ ɜɤɥɸɱɚɹ ɬɪɚɧɡɢɬɧɵɣ, ɦɥɧ. ɱɟɥ.

345 335

+1,7 ɪɚɡɚ +2,9 ɪɚɡɚ 200

117

2007 2020 (ɫ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ 2007 2020 (ɫ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɨɣ ɬɪɚɧɫɩɨɪɬɧɨɣ ɢɧɮɪɚɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ) ɢɧɮɪɚɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ) ɂɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ: Strategy Partners ɂɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ: Strategy Partners

Fig. 11. Current and prospective freight and passenger traffic of the Krasnoyarsk agglomeration in case of implementation of the strategic alternative, “Centre for Entrepreneurship and Innovations”

Ɉɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɟɧɧɵɦɢ ɨɮɢɫɧɵɦɢ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɹɦɢ, ɤɜ. ɦ. ɧɚ ɞɭɲɭ ɤɜ. ɦ. ɧɚ 1000 ɱɟɥ.

625

+40 ɪɚɡ

16

2007 2020 (ɫ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɵɯ ɩɥɨɳɚɞɟɣ)

ɂɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ: Strategy Partners

Fig. 12. Current and prospective situation with availability of high-quality office spaces in the Krasnoyarsk agglomeration in case of implementation of the strategic alternative, “Centre for Entrepreneurship and Innovations” and services and share documents without the necessary utilities smoothly and in the leaving the room (Fig. 14). necessary scope. In the utilities infrastructure about In the field of the recreation infrastructure 1,056.3 km (in a single extent) of water pipes, in order to increase the attractiveness of the about 591 km of sewage networks, about agglomeration for living and recreation it is 227.5 km of heating networks, processing planned to construct several year-round tourist facilities for solid waste with total capacity and recreational facilities designed for 2.7 of 1.1 mln tons per year will be introduced million visits per year; a year-round water park into use. These projects will allow the and a scientific amusement park “Museum of residents of the agglomeration to obtain all the Future” designed for 1.5 million visits per – 2825 – Vaycheslav I. Polishchuk. Krasnoyarsk Agglomeration: Ideaы and Prospects of Development

Ɉɛɟɫɩɟɱɟɧɧɨɫɬɶ ɠɢɥɶɟɦ, ɤɜ. ɦ. ɧɚ ɞɭɲɭ

28

20 +1,4 ɪɚɡɚ

2007 2020 (ɫ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ ɫɬɪɨɢɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɞɨɩɨɥɧɢɬɟɥɶɧɨɝɨ ɠɢɥɶɹ)

ɂɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ: Strategy Partners

Fig. 13. Current and prospective situation with availability of housing in the Krasnoyarsk agglomeration in case of implementation of the strategic alternative, “Centre for Entrepreneurship and Innovations”

 Ⱦɨɥɹ ɧɚɫɟɥɟɧɢɹ Ʉɪɚɫɧɨɹɪɫɤɨɣ ɚɝɥɨɦɟɪɚɰɢɢ, ɢɦɟɸɳɚɹ ɞɨɫɬɭɩ ɤ ɲɢɪɨɤɨɩɨɥɨɫɧɨɣ ɫɟɬɢ ɂɧɬɟɪɧɟɬ, %

100%

+ 5 ɪɚɡ

20%

2007 2020 (ɫ ɭɱɟɬɨɦ ɪɚɡɜɢɬɢɹ ɢɧɮɪɚɫɬɪɭɤɬɭɪɵ ɫɜɹɡɢ) ɂɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ: ɚɧɚɥɢɬɢɤɚ Strategy Partners

Fig. 14. Current and prospective amount of population in the Krasnoyarsk agglomeration with the access to broadband Internet in case of implementation of the strategic alternative, “Centre for Entrepreneurship and Innovations” year. Also it is planned to commission 15 holiday engaged in business travel to the Krasnoyarsk vacation centres for 129 thousand visits per agglomeration. year, which together with the above mentioned facilities will enhance the ability of residents and Quality of life guests of the agglomeration for amusement. The As a result of the implementation of construction of hotel complexes for 6.8 thousand projects and initiatives proposed in the places in turn will create more comfortable framework of the strategic alternative, “Centre living conditions, both for tourists and for people for Entrepreneurship and Innovations”, the – 2826 – Vaycheslav I. Polishchuk. Krasnoyarsk Agglomeration: Ideaы and Prospects of Development

ɉɪɨɝɧɨɡɧɵɟ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɢ ɤɚɱɟɫɬɜɚ ɠɢɡɧɢ ɜ Ʉɪɚɫɧɨɹɪɫɤɨɣ ɚɝɥɨɦɟɪɚɰɢɢ ɩɪɢ ɪɟɚɥɢɡɚɰɢɢ ɚɥɶɬɟɪɧɚɬɢɜɵ «ɐɟɧɬɪ ɩɪɟɞɩɪɢɧɢɦɚɬɟɥɶɫɬɜɚ ɢ ɢɧɧɨɜɚɰɢɣ»

ˋ̨̨̨̛̛̭̣̯̥̣̖̜̦̌̏̍̌1000 ̛̙̯̖̣̖̜ ʪ̨̨̨̨̛̛̛̣̯̖̬̬̯̬̬́̐̔̌, 1,0 ʿ̨̨̨̨̛̣̺̙̣̦̦̌̔̽̽́̌̔̐ ̛̦̯̖̣̖̦̼̥̌́̌́̚̚ 0,9 ̛̙̯̖̣́,̡̏.̥. ̛̛̦̭̙̖̦̥̌̌̔́,% 0,8 0,7 0,6 ʪ̨̨̨̨̨̨̛̣̙̣̬̱̦̦́̽́̍̔̏̌̐ ˄̶̨̨̛̬̖̦̖̬̯̼̏̽̍̌̍̚,% 0,5 ̨̨̨̛̛̭̦̦̼̥̱̭̯̥̏̔̍̏̌,% 0,4 0,3 0,2 0,1 ˋ̵̴̵̨̡̨̛̛̭̣̬̯̬̦̼̯̖̣̖̦̦̼̏̌ ˄̨̨̛̬̖̦̪̬̖̭̯̱̪̦̭̯̏̽ 0,0 ̨̪̪̬̯̦̯̼̭̌̌̌̏̌.̸̖̣.

ʶ̸̵̨̨̨̨̛̣̖̭̯̺̖̭̯̱̪̦̼̏̍̔ ˋ̨̛̛̭̣̦̯̖̬̦̖̯Ͳ̨̨̪̣̯̖̣̖̜̽̏̌̚ (̸̵̛̪̱̣̦̼̍)̨̡̛̛̣̯̖̦̍̍̌100 ̦̌100̸̨̡̖̣̖̏ ̯̼̭.̸̖̣.

ʽ̵̨̨̨̯̖̯̖̜̭̯̖̯̭̯̱̺̖̏̌̔̏̏̀̐ ˋ̸̵̨̨̡̨̡̛̛̭̣̣̦̦̼̖̦̍̽̌10 ̨̡̨̛̬̭̯̹̣̥̏̌̌̌̚,% ̯̼̭.̸̖̣. ʽ̵̨̨̨̯̖̯̖̜̭̯̖̯̭̯̱̺̖̏̌̔̏̏̀̐ ̨̨̡̨̛̬̭̯̹̣̦̼̥̏̌̌̔̽̚ ̸̛̛̱̬̖̙̖̦̥̔́,% Ʉɪɚɫɧɨɹɪɫɤɚɹ ɚɝɥɨɦɟɪɚɰɢɹ, 2020 Ʉɪɚɫɧɨɹɪɫɤɚɹ ɚɝɥɨɦɟɪɚɰɢɹ, 2007

ɂɫɬɨɱɧɢɤ: Strategy Partners Ɂɚ ɟɞɢɧɢɰɭ ɩɪɢɧɹɬɵ ɩɨɤɚɡɚɬɟɥɢ ɝɨɪɨɞɨɜ - ɥɢɞɟɪɨɜ

Fig. 15. Current and prospective indicators of the quality of life in the Krasnoyarsk agglomeration in case of implementation of the strategic alternative, “Centre for Entrepreneurship and Innovations”

Krasnoyarsk agglomeration can significantly access to the modern transport infrastructure improve the quality of life. in comfortable temperature conditions. In particular, availability of housing and Construction of new residential areas away from social infrastructure facilities will increase; hazardous industrial facilities, as well as removal the proportion of the population with access to of the most hazardous enterprises from the broadband Internet will increase. The growing proximity to residential areas and transition to levels of income will allow the population to buy modern technologies of production and emission their own cars. The infrastructure development treatment systems will reduce the harmful effects will create conditions for entertainment and of environmental problems on human life and recreation; and activities for the support of small health. Activities in the area of ​​crime reduction business and economic diversification will open will make the city a safer place to live. opportunities for self-realization. According to forecasts by the selective Development of the transport infrastructure list of the quality of life indicators in case of in conjunction with involvement in the the successful implementation of the strategic agglomeration of low-cost airlines and the alternative, “Centre for Entrepreneurship and resumption of general aviation will reduce the Innovations” in the Krasnoyarsk agglomeration negative effect of the territorial remoteness of by 2020 will be able to become close to the world the agglomeration and allow the people to move leading cities in terms of quality of life (Fig. 15). freely between the agglomeration and the largest The overall growth of the economy and welfare, cities of Russia and the world. Construction of the development of basic infrastructure, compensation the underground and its social infrastructure will of severe climatic and environmental conditions, compensate for severe climate by providing public as well as the territorial remoteness of the region, – 2827 – Vaycheslav I. Polishchuk. Krasnoyarsk Agglomeration: Ideaы and Prospects of Development economic diversification and creation of conditions agglomeration; in general, the development for the development of the business environment of contractual forms of the agglomeration will help to create the image of the Krasnoyarsk governance while maintaining a unified system agglomeration, as the most attractive region for of administrative decision-making; living, working, recreation and personal fulfillment. • transfer of corresponding functions of The overall results of the implementation of the management and development of interterritorial strategic alternative, “Centre for Entrepreneurship (intermunicipal, interregional or other) and Innovations”, will be the population growth in enterprises, corporations, agencies, etc.; the agglomeration up to 1.5-1.6 mln people. development of the interterritorial system of public property management; 11. Organizational and legal model • development of collegial and contractual of the agglomeration forms of budget process management on the Experience shows that the development of territory of the agglomeration. agglomerations is most effective when there are In the current legal conditions the choice management models that provide sufficient flexibility of the management system for the Krasnoyarsk in decision-making, taking into account the interests agglomeration is limited by 2 models known in of different territorial communities, the rights of the international practice: territorial units (including (in the federal state) the Two-level management model; specific rights of the subjects of the Federation). On Contractual management model. the contrary, rigid and centralized management is not Signing of the Agreement on the organization always justified, as it bears the risk of underestimating and implementation of the inter-municipal the possibilities of development of different territorial investment project “Integrated development of entities, rapid bureaucratization of the agglomeration the Krasnoyarsk agglomeration for the period till management system. On the other hand, excessive 2020” on April 17, 2008, between 3 urban districts fragmentation of the management system carries and 4 municipal districts can be considered as the the risk of losing control over the development of first step towards the establishment of contractual the agglomeration and loss of its subjectivity, which management mechanisms for the Krasnoyarsk may lead to desynchronization of the processes in the agglomeration. It is advisable to continue to follow agglomeration and loss of its development rates. the path of expanding the cooperation, interaction, The management models of urban to develop and use specific forms of municipal agglomerations can be quite efficient, when there is cooperation. Later (in the case of adoption of an a single institutional decision-making mechanism appropriate legislative framework at the federal with jurisdiction over the whole territory of the level) it is possible to establish at the territory agglomeration, but a high degree of autonomy of the Krasnoyarsk agglomeration a “top” level of internal territorial entities and communities is municipality. Then it is the local government of permitted that may be achieved by: the territorial level that would have the right to • Predomination of collegial authorities make decisions on general agglomeration issues. elected by indirect voting in municipalities – the International practice allows us to consider agglomeration “subjects”; a two-level model of municipal agglomeration • registration of a significant part of management as a sufficiently effective the decisions in the form of public agreements mechanism for dealing with common affairs, but and contracts between the “subjects” of the its applicability in today’s Russian conditions and, – 2828 – Vaycheslav I. Polishchuk. Krasnoyarsk Agglomeration: Ideaы and Prospects of Development in particular, to the Krasnoyarsk agglomeration, following principles: the plurality of development has some serious limitations. poles; taking into account of climatic features; landscaping, creation of green spaces, creation of 12. Requirements to urban planning sanitary zones, regional gaps. decisions In addition, spatial planning of the The implementation of the development agglomeration must take account growing strategy for the Krasnoyarsk agglomeration should demand for housing, social and other require appropriate planning decisions based on infrastructure.

1 As of the period of development of the “Strategy of the socio-economic development of the Krasnoyarsk agglomeration until 2020” 2 Investments into the economy of the private sector, expenditures of the budgets of all levels for the development of the economy and social sphere including organizational arrangements 3 Objectives in the field of the social infrastructure are evaluated on the basis of the forecasts of the population growth and standards of well-being determined by the federal laws and regulations

Красноярская агломерация: идея и перспективы развития

В.И. Полищук ОАО «Корпорация «Красноярск-2020» Россия, 660075, Красноярск, Республики, 51

Статья подготовлена на основании материалов «Стратегии социально-экономического раз- вития Красноярской агломерации до 2020 года», разработанных в 2008-2009 гг. ОАО «Корпо- рация «Красноярск-2020» в соответствии с государственным контрактом № 6/2008-ГК от 28 июля 2008 года. В ходе выполненной работы по социально-экономическому анализу и пла- нированию процессов ускоренного инновационного комплексного развития семи муниципаль- ных образований (Красноярской агломерации) с ядром агломерации – городом Красноярском был произведен многофакторный анализ текущего состояния и перспективных направлений социально-экономического развития «агломерированных» территорий. Были учтены факто- ры внутристрановой и международной экономико-политической конкуренции территорий, а также исторически сложившееся геоэкономическое положение Красноярской агломерации, достигнутый к 2008 году промышленный, экономический, культурно-образовательный и со- циальный уровни развития и потенциал дальнейшего роста. В статье рассмотрен горизонт планирования до 2020 года. Ключевые слова: региональное развитие, Красноярская агломерация, стратегия социально- экономического развития, инновационное развитие региона, модернизация экономики Красно- ярского края. По материалам «Стратегии социально-экономического развития Красноярской агломерации до 2020 года», разработанной в соответствии с государственным контрактом № 6/2008-ГК от 28 июля 2008 года. Научная специальность: 08.00.00 – экономические науки. 123