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43141-044: Civil Aviation Development Investment Program Resettlement Plans Project Number: 43141-044 June 2016 PNG: Multitranche Financing Facility - Civil Aviation Development Investment Program (Tranche 3) Prepared by National Airports Corporation for the Asian Development Bank. This resettlement plan is a document of the borrower. The views expressed herein do not necessarily represent those of ADB's Board of Directors, Management, or staff, and may be preliminary in nature. Your attention is directed to the “terms of use” section of this website. In preparing any country program or strategy, financing any project, or by making any designation of or reference to a particular territory or geographic area in this document, the Asian Development Bank does not intend to make any judgments as to the legal or other status of any territory or area. Table of Contents A. Resettlement Plans 1. Buka Airport Resettlement Plan 2. Gurney Airpoprt Resettlement Plan 3. Kavieng Airport Resettlement Plan A. Social Safeguards 1. Buka Airport Resettlement Plan. I. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY 1. The proposed Buka Runway Extension Pavement Upgrading & Associated Works (the project) aims to (i) improve of this major domestic airport to bring the facilities to a level of development that fully meets airport national and international safety standards and requirements, and (ii) provide the runway, taxiway, apron and terminal building capability to accept unrestricted operations by Fokker 100 aircrafts and passenger movements. The project will be implemented around April-May 2017 and will be completed on June 2018. 2. The generic scope of works includes strengthening of the existing pavements (runway, taxiways and aprons); extension of the main runway by 350m (including 30m stop way & 90m rescue end safety area) on southwest end to give 1900 long x 30m wide sufficient for Fokker100 or equivalent aircraft operations; construction of new terminal building, car park and power house; Construction of New Airport Market with Security Fence and Gates with Water Tanks and Public Toilet; drainage works; and power reticulation for improved infrastructures. The project described in this Resettlement Plan (RP) will not require displacement of people and structures. However, it will need to acquire 137,611.30 sq.m of land area outside the aerodrome land. 3. Estimated population of Buka is around 70,000 of which around 2000 people live around the precinct of the airport community. The ethnical composition of the people is mostly Ieta and settlers from other places in Bougainville. These Ieta people are more organized and very vocal in terms of land rights and ownership through matrilineal practice. The project is situated within the Ieta Community of Buka Urban Local Level Government (ULLG). 4. A nearby settlement about 10 meters outside of the aerodrome boundary is populated by displaced people from the Bougainville copper limited crises in 1994. The increase in their population over the years has imposed pressure to the availability of land. Their current population is about 1000 scattered across within the nearby coconut plantation. Almost all families within the settlement and Ieta community rely on subsistence farming, copra harvesting, and sales, and fishing for their household income and livelihood. These are supported by informal marketing, cash or kind contribution from relatives, and formal job employment in Buka town. 5. The acquisition of the customary land is not expected to significantly affect the livelihoods or household income of the affected persons (APs). Most of the land area to be acquired is basically swamp and not fertile for cultivation or suitable for building houses. Only patches of food gardens like bananas, aibika, taro, and pumpkin tips, mangrove and some other tree plants covers an area of about 2,500sq.m from one of the current runway that will be extended are to be affected. Accessibility to and from town and also to fishing grounds will not be affected. Construction of the airport fence around the proposed acquisition area will create a pathway on the fence embankment which can still be used by the APs to have access to their gardens, houses and fishing grounds. In addition to the compensation that will be paid to acquire the land required for the project, APs (men and women) will benefit from the project through (i) employment opportunity, (ii) engaging as land owning groups, (iii) provision of water tanks or bore installation by the project. 6. Consultation with APs is done in coordination with the Provincial Government of the Autonomous Region of Bougainville (ARB). Both the APs and the Provincial Government of ARB have indicated and maintain their support for the project. The main concern of the affected persons is to participate as subcontractors to the main contactors. 7. The table 1 below summarises the eligibility for entitlements for the APs for the project. The entitlement matrix as per ADB Policy is attached in Annex 1. Table 1. Entitlement Matrix Type of Impact Entitled Person (s) Entitlements Permanent Legal owner(s), including Landowners will be provided equivalent acquisition of land. customary landowners size and quality of land, or cash compensation at replacement cost. Informal settlers (e.g. on APs will be provided compensation only land acquired as part of for their damaged crops, trees, and ROW) with no localizable structures on project-affected land rights Loss of crops, Customary land owners APs will be given notice to harvest crops tress, structures and leaseholders if lease and trees before site clearance or and assets. not expired prior to removal from required land. If APs are commencement of land not able to harvest, they will be paid clearance. cash compensation at replacement cost. In case of perennial crops and trees, the compensation will also include loss of income for a period until new crops or trees produce an equivalent income. Unforeseen or Concerned displaced These will be determined as per the unintended persons principles of this RP and ADB’s impacts Safeguard Policy. 8. NAC will allocate adequate resources to implement and monitor the RP by ensuring that (i) full compensation payment is made for the affected land and improvements (crops and gardens) and (ii) civil works shall not commence until approval for this RP is granted by ADB and NAC. II. PROJECT DESCRIPTION 1. Buka Airport serves Buka Island in the AROB. It is located at the southern end of the island, near Buka Passage behind the town of Buka, and pre-war Chinatown. The airport terminal is about 1.5 kilometers from the Buka Township. It is the only airport serviced by a regular passenger transport service in the North Solomon Province. 2. Buka airport is located on a relatively flat island some 52 km long in the north south axis and up to 18 km wide in the west east axis. It is separated from Bougainville by the Buka passage a narrow deep and very fast flowing tidal channel about 200 meters wide. The east coast is the windward side for most of the year and is characterized by a coastal cliff that rises close to the ocean leaving only a narrow and often rocky beach. A coral reef rings the entire island and is narrow on the east coast which is battered by oceanic winds and large waves and spreads out into the lagoons on the west coast. 3. The western coast of Buka is covered by the Richard Parkinson Range consisting of low mountains. The ranges start at the back of Buka town at the village of Ieta and Peta near Carola Harbour. 4. The airport runway is 1566 meters long by 30m wide with asphalt surface. It is 11feet/3m above sea level surrounded by grass cover on all unpaved surfaces in the airfield. There is one navigational aid, the Buka NDB situated on nearby Sohano Island. The airport caters for Fokker 100 aircraft. Other smaller aircrafts also operate in and out infrequently. 5. Land adjoining the airport is almost entirely coconut-cocoa plantation to the north of the runway outside of the aerodrome land, permanent houses along the outside the aerodrome boundary line accept for one or two houses that appears to be on the proposed fence line to the south of the runway. The Department of Works & Supply is adjacent to the terminal separated by an old World War 2 aircraft hangar. The main highway is setback about 10 meters outside the aerodrome boundary turning along the sea front about 200m away from one opposite end of the runway. The other end is 20 meters in from a well vegetated mangrove swamp. 6. The geology is calcareous limestone. There are a handful of scattered bush material and semi-permanent houses along the aerodrome boundary to the north. The local population is unevenly scattered with both the locals and settlers surrounding the airport. The airport is not fenced and trespass has become a common issue. High security personnel from the local population are guarding around the airside to ensure no person and animals cross and that the runway is clear and free for the aircrafts to approach and take off safely. 7. The Autonomous Region of Bougainville is in the tropics. Temperature ranges from 26-28 degree Celsius. Rainfall varies due to topography. South Bougainville receives around 4500mm of rain annually. This decreases further north where Buka has an annual rainfall of 2500mm. The airport receives about 260mm average monthly rainfall. A. Proposed Upgrade Works 8. The proposed airport redevelopment is designed to bring the facility to a level of development to fully meet international and regional airport safety standards. The upgrading of Buka Airport is to facilitate a safety-compliant regional international airport suitable for F100 aircraft operations or equivalent, such as Q400 or ATR. It will also act as a major domestic hub for the Province.
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