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Organised Phonology Data Organised Phonology Data Tigak [Central Dialect] (Omo, Kavieng, New Hanover) Language [OMO] Kavieng – New Ireland Province Oceanic; Meso-Melanesian Network; New Ireland Network Population census: 4200 (1980) Major villages: Kavieng, Kabien, Bagatere, Lossuk, Kaselok, Omo, Nusa, Kaulikau, Bangatang, Yutei, Sumuna Linguistic work done by: SIL Data checked by: Phonemic and Orthographic Inventory b e i k m n p r s t u a b e g i k l m n ng o p r s t u v A B E G I K L M N Ng O P R S T U V Consonants Bilab LabDen Dental Alveo Postalv Retro Palatal Velar Uvular Pharyn Glottal Plosive p b t k Nasal m n Trill r Tap/Flap Fricative s Lateral Fricative Approx Lateral Approx Ejective Stop Implos Tigak [Central Dialect] (Omo, Kavieng, New Hanover) OPD Printed: September 7, 2004 Page 2 sang 'come' p put 'run' s lapa 'basket' vusa 'heart' tap 'holy, sacred' pus 'full' tiptip 'heavy' kaskas 'able, enough' ulpuki 'change' maransakai 'forever' lo 'in' b buat 'float to the surface' vabat 'cane sp.' kala 'taro' - kaul 'to row' - kalkail 'elbow' lakliak 'small, little' m mata 'eye' mimik 'urinate' k kam 'your (sg.)' inum 'drink' koko 'wait' namkai 'believe' katiluk 'egg' manmanuk 'animal' asaksok 'gifts to a visitor' kalkail 'elbow' ve 'and' lava 'emphasis' gam 'shell' - gogo 'poor' - - visvis 'fight' - patgan 'tie to a rope' t to 'wave' itak 'be surprised' ngan 'eat' ngut 'louse' nangas 'be happy' natlava 'his/ her spouce' lang 'fly' memtul 'we (excl.)' kungkung 'sky' r ro 'good' iran 'to cure' ngur 'mouth' vilrokoli 'be able' n nik 'coconut' lono 'in it' tauan 'men' kankanak 'mosquito' Vowels i u e i igai 'question' e e 'at' nik 'coconut' nek 'my belly' kari 'their' pe 'with' uaia 'crocodile' Tigak [Central Dialect] (Omo, Kavieng, New Hanover) OPD Printed: September 7, 2004 Page 3 u uma 'garden' i aisok 'work' nuk 'you (sg.S)' aius 'rest' anu 'man' papais 'quickly' pauak 'two' igai 'question' ot 'thing' ui ugui 'hair' nok 'my face' ruruiai 'running away' to 'a vawe' u tapuok 'return' ang 'this' nak 'I (subj.' buat 'float to the surface' ima 'come' u pupua 'sago branch' i ias 'sun' uai 'fruit' viakon 'be afraid' ui gigiak 'messenger' vuai 'betelnut' kusia 'rat' i poisan 'how many?' lapoiat 'fourth' ii iai 'tree' koi 'black' ie ien 'fish' vouneng 'if' u kalou 'God' iu piu 'dog' u aupat 'catch' ei seili 'catch' tauan 'men' kanataut 'never mind' pau 'frog' e veak 'no' e kaleo 'canoe' eu eul 'very, very much' /ie/ /i/ /iu/ /ei/ /e/ /e/ /eu/ /i/ /u/ /i/ /u/ /ui/ /u/ /u/ /ii/ /ui/ Suprasegmentals (tone, stress, length) Stress generally falls on the first syllable of the word. Prefixes are usually not stressed and stress then falls on the second syllable. This also applies to words where the prefix is no longer productive. A few other examples do not conform to the usual stress pattern but this has no semantic significance. Syllable Patterns V i 'of'u.ma 'garden' sau.i 'bread' Tigak [Central Dialect] (Omo, Kavieng, New Hanover) OPD Printed: September 7, 2004 Page 4 VC ot 'thing' ul.pu.ki 'change' pau.ak 'two' CV ve 'and' ba.ta 'cloud' pa.ta.kai 'other a.nu 'man' CVC nik 'coconut' nam.kai 'believe' a.kal.ka.lit 'teach' i.num 'drink' VV io 'well, alright' ai.sok 'work' ai.us 'rest' i.gai.ai 'ask each other' VVV iai 'tree' uai.a 'crocodile' VVC aik 'rope' CVV pau 'frog' mua.ta 'snake' tau.an 'men' la.poi.at 'four' ke.ke.vai 'look' CVVV suai 'to respect' CVVC gaus 'vine' ta.puok 'to return' Conventions: Phonological /k/ and // are both backed. /r/ is phonetically [] word initially in free variation with [r], and [r] elsewhere. /i/ is a semivowel [j] before another vowel, in free variation with [i]. // is more central [] in unstressed syllables. Conventions: Orthographic Transcription of a recorded passage / kus prtu | pr ni tmtene tiunn || ri pun | ri pisiiri pn ri krk | e tiuri n eru e n ebr || kek ur rek kkum mn tn p mit ski mst tn krek tint || i | isk te ri tiurek in kiirek e tiir ek pn pok | e kuirek u || mmsup in ku i mn tn rik tii rek pn t kemtn tktek rik il plkirek || i | re pk psps | e ri pun ri kumirek rek pk psps | e ri ns tn kri kt tn tiuri | e ri kusirek une | muk kru e ton ski nu ri pisii pe tuui || nu u r nu n e nne toon tuku su u tun tuku su ttr / Tigak [Central Dialect] (Omo, Kavieng, New Hanover) OPD Printed: September 7, 2004 Page 5 < Kus paratung, paralang ani a tamatene tivunan. Ri lapun, riga pisingiri pana ri karak, ve a va tivuri na Levaravu ve na Levarava. Va lakeak gura rek kalkalum malan tana palmit sakai a masat tana karek tangintol. Io, aisok te ri tivurek ina kavaiirek ve tavaiirek pana pok, ve kavulirek alu. A malmalasup ina 'kavul' gi malan tana rik tavaiirek pana ta kematan takteak vo rik vil apolokirek. Io, rega polok paspasal, ve ri lapun riga kalumirek rek polok paspasal, ve riga nangas tana kari akotong tana va tivuri, ve riga kusirek auneng, "Vo muk karau ve ga togon sakai anu riga pisingi pe Taugui. Anu gura ga anu ngangan ve nane ga togon tukul sula alu lo tuana tukul sula tatara. " > 'A folk tale which tells about a grandmother and grandchildren. An old woman who is called 'old lady' and her two grandchildren who are called Leverava and Levaravu. These two children appear to be about six years old. Well, their grandmother's work is to look after them, and give them food to build them up as well. The meaning of 'build up' (kavul) is that she should give them some strength and make them grow. Well, they kept on growing and she was pleased with her care of her two grandchildren and she told them this, "You will be playing and there is a man called Taugui. This man is a cannibal and he has a bamboo patch too, in the middle of our bamboo patch." ' Bibliography Beaumont, Clive. 1969. 'Tigak phonology.' Te Reo 12:84-90. ___. 1970. 'Tigak personal pronouns.' Kivung 3:180-187. ___. 1974. 'The Tigak Language of New Ireland.' Doctoral Thesis, The Australian natinal University, Canberra. ___. 1974-75. 'Notes on the History of Tigak Phonemes.' Te Reo 17-18:29-52. ___. 1976. 'Austronesian Languages: New Ireland.' In New Guinea Languages and Language Study, vol 2: Austronesian Languages, edited by S.A. Wurm Pacific Linguistics, C- 39. ___. 1979. 'The Tigak language of New Ireland.' Pacific Linguistics B 58. ___. 1974-76. Manuscripts. SIL Ukarumpa. Beaumont, Clive, and William Watlugan. 1972. Marko. Canberra: The Bible Society of Australia. .
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