Making the Case for One More Language in Papua New Guinea
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Plural Words in Austronesian Languages: Typology and History
Plural Words in Austronesian Languages: Typology and History A thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Research Master of Arts in Linguistics by Jiang Wu Student ID: s1609785 Supervisor: Prof. dr. M.A.F. Klamer Second reader: Dr. E.I. Crevels Date: 10th January, 2017 Faculty of Humanities, Leiden University Table of contents Abstract ........................................................................................................................ iii Acknowledgements ....................................................................................................... iv List of tables ................................................................................................................... v List of figures ................................................................................................................ vi List of maps ................................................................................................................. vii List of abbreviations .................................................................................................. viii Chapter 1. Introduction .................................................................................................. 1 Chapter 2. Background literature ................................................................................... 3 2.1. Plural words as nominal plurality marking ....................................................... 3 2.2. Plural words in Austronesian languages .......................................................... -
The Legacy of the German Language in Papua New Guinea T
Craig Alan Voll<er The legacy of the German language in Papua New Guinea t. lntroduction' German colonial rule in the western Pacific began formally in 1884 when unbe- known to them, people in north-eastern New Guinea (Ifuiser Wilhelmsland), the archipelago around the Bismarck Sea, and in the next year, almost ali of neigh- boring Micronesia were proclaimed to be under German "protection". This act changed ways of living that had existed for tens of thousands of years and laid the foundation for what eventually became the modern state of Papua New Guinea. This proclamation was made in German, a language that was then unknown to Melanesians and Micronesians. Today the German language is again mostly unknown to most Melanesians and only a few visible traces of any German colonial legacy remain. There are no old colonial buildings, no monuments outside of a few small and almost hidden cemeteries, and no German Clubs or public signs in German. In this century there has not even been a German embassy. But it is impossible to step out in New Ireland (the former "Neu-Mecklenburg"), for example, without being con- fronted by a twenty-first century reality that is in part a creation of German col- onial rule. Species that were introduced by the Germans stiil retain their German name, frorn clover,I(lee in both German and the local Nalik language to pineap- ples (GermanAnanas / Nalik ananas). The best rural road in the country the Bulominski Highway was started by and named after the last German governor of Neu-Mecklenburg and a mountain range is known as the Schleinitz Range. -
Asia-Pacific Linguistics a Grammatical Description of Kara-Lemakot
Asia-Pacific Linguistics Open Access Monographs ____________________________________________________ Studies in the Languages of Island Melanesia College of Asia and the Pacific The Australian National University A grammatical description of Kara-Lemakot Matthew S. Dryer A-PL 009 / SLIM 002 This is a grammatical description of the Lemakot dialect of Kara, an Oceanic language in the Lavongai-Nalik subgroup. It is spoken in the northwest part of New Ireland in Papua New Guinea, to the southeast of Tigak and to the northwest of Nalik. This description is based on the translation of the New Testament into Kara, not on field work. Matthew S. Dryer is a Professor of Linguistics at the University at Buffalo in the U.S. Apart from his extensive work in word order typology, he has been doing field work in Papua New Guinea since 2001 (in conjunction with Lea Brown) on Walman and Srenge, two languages in the Torricelli family, and on Poko- Rawo, a language in the Skou family. He is also one of the editors of the World Atlas of Language Structures. Asia-Pacific Linguistics Open Access Monographs ____________________________________________ Studies in the Languages of Island Melanesia SLIM EDITORIAL BOARD: Isabelle Bril Bethwyn Evans Alexandre François (founder and Managing Editor) Bill Palmer Published by Asia-Pacific Linguistics Research School of Pacific and Asian Studies The Australian National University Canberra ACT 2600 Australia Copyright in this edition is vested with the author(s) Released under Creative Commons Licence (Attribution) First published: 2013 URL: http://hdl.handle.net/1885/10703 National Library of Australia Cataloguing-in-Publication entry: Author: Dryer, Matthew S., author. -
Synchronic and Diachronic Aspects of Valency-Reducing Devices in Oceanic Languages
2016 LINGUA POSNANIENSIS LVIII (2) DoI 10.1515/linpo-2016-0013 Synchronic and diachronic aspects of valency-reducing devices in Oceanic languages Katarzyna Janic Department of Comparative Linguistics, University of zurich e-mail: [email protected] Abstract: Katarzyna Janic. Synchronic and diachronic aspects of valency-reducing devices in Oceanic langu- ages. the poznań Society for the advancement of arts and Sciences, pL ISSn 0079-4740, pp. 151-188 this paper sketches out valency-reducing devices available in oceanic languages. the proto-oceanic prefix *paRi- and suffix *-akin[i] are specifically the focus of the discussion, being approached from both synchro- nic and diachronic perspectives. I explain the currently attested functions performed by the reflexes of these two morphemes by assuming that the evolution went in a particular direction: from a very general function to a more specialized, concrete one. among different functions performed by the reflexes of *paRi- and *-akin[i] within the valency-reducing domain, I will show that the antipassive has not been fully recognized and properly designated in linguistic descriptions of the oceanic languages yet. Keywords: oceanic languages, valency, plurality of relations, detransitivization, antipassive 1. Introduction the question of valency and valency-changing devices in oceanic languages has been extensively discussed in the literature (ozanne-Rivierre 1976; Moyse-Faurie 1983, 2007, 2008, 2016, 2017; Schlie 1983; Lichtenberk 1985, 1991, 2000, 2007, 2008: 54-163; Schütz 1985; Dixon 1988: 45-51; Mosel & hovdhaugen 1992: 693-774, 720-741; B. Ev- ans 2003: 301-309; Davis 2003: 110-178; Bril 2005; naess 2013; among many others). While some of the scholars have investigated it diachronically with the aim to reconstruct these devices within the proto-oceanic system (harrison 1982; B. -
A Generative Approach to the Phonology of Bahasa Indonesia
A GENERATIVE APPROACH TO THE P H O N O L O G Y OF BAHASA INDONESIA by Hans Lapoliwa (MATERIALS IN LANGUAGES OF INDONESIA, N o. 3) ,W. A. L. Stokhof, Series Editor A GENERATIVE APPROACH TO THE PHONOLOGY OF BAHASA INDONESIA by Hans Lapoliwa (MATERIALS IN LANGUAGES OF INDONESIA/ NO. 3) W.A.L. Stokhof, Series Editor Department of Linguistics Research School of Pacific Studies THE AUSTRALIAN NATIONAL UNIVERSITY F A K U L T A S - S AS IR A PACIFIC LINGUISTICS is issued through the L-ingu-c6t-cc C-t fide, o & Ca.nbzn.tia. and consists of four series: SERIES A - OCCASIONAL PAPERS SERIES 8 - MONOGRAPHS SERIES C - BOOKS SERIES V - SPECIAL PUBLICATIONS EDITOR: S.A. Wurm. ASSOCIATE EDITORS: D.C. Laycock, C.L. Voorhoeve, D.T. Tryon, T.E. Dutton. EDITORIAL ADVISERS: B. Bender, University of Hawaii K.A. McElhanon, University of Texas D. Bradley, University of Melbourne H. McKaughan, University of Hawaii A. Capell, University of Sydney p - Miihlhausler, Linacre College, Oxford S. Elbert, University of Hawaii G.N. O'Grady, University of Victoria, K. Franklin, Summer Institute of B.C. Linguistics A.K. Pawley, University of Hawaii W.W. Glover, Summer Institute of K. Pike, University of Michigan; Summer Linguistics Institute of Linguistics G. Grace, university of Hawaii E.C. Polome, University of Texas M.A.K. Halliday, University of Sydney G. Sankoff, Universite de Montreal A. Healey, Summer Institute of W.A.L. Stokhof, National Center for Linguistics Language Development, Jakarta; L. Hercus, Australian National University University of Leiden N.D. -
University of California Santa Cruz NO SOMOS ANIMALES
University of California Santa Cruz NO SOMOS ANIMALES: INDIGENOUS SURVIVAL AND PERSEVERANCE IN 19TH CENTURY SANTA CRUZ, CALIFORNIA A dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in HISTORY with emphases in AMERICAN STUDIES and LATIN AMERICAN & LATINO STUDIES by Martin Adam Rizzo September 2016 The Dissertation of Martin Adam Rizzo is approved: ________________________________ Professor Lisbeth Haas, Chair _________________________________ Professor Amy Lonetree _________________________________ Professor Matthew D. O’Hara ________________________________ Tyrus Miller Vice Provost and Dean of Graduate Studies Copyright ©by Martin Adam Rizzo 2016 Table of Contents List of Figures iv Abstract vii Acknowledgments ix Introduction 1 Chapter 1: “First were taken the children, and then the parents followed” 24 Chapter 2: “The diverse nations within the mission” 98 Chapter 3: “We are not animals” 165 Chapter 4: Captain Coleto and the Rise of the Yokuts 215 Chapter 5: ”Not finding anything else to appropriate...” 261 Chapter 6: “They won’t try to kill you if they think you’re already dead” 310 Conclusion 370 Appendix A: Indigenous Names 388 Bibliography 398 iii List of Figures 1.1: Indigenous tribal territories 33 1.2: Contemporary satellite view 36 1.3: Total number baptized by tribe 46 1.4: Approximation of Santa Cruz mountain tribal territories 48 1.5: Livestock reported near Mission Santa Cruz 75 1.6: Agricultural yields at Mission Santa Cruz by year 76 1.7: Baptisms by month, through -
Journal of the Linguistic Society of Papua New Guinea
Language & Linguistics in Melanesia Vol. 36, 2018 ISSN: 0023-1959 Journal of the Linguistic Society of Papua New Guinea ISSN: 0023-1959 Vol. 36, 2018 25 www.langlxmelanesia.com www.langlxmelanesia.com www.langlxmelanesia.com Language & Linguistics in Melanesia Vol. 36, 2018 ISSN: 0023-1959 Landscape categorisation in Nalik, an Austronesian language of New Ireland Lidia Mazzitelli, University of Cologne (Germany) [email protected] Abstract This paper presents and analyses the lexical and the grammatical elements used to encode the semantic domain of landscape (the geophysical environment) in Nalik, an Austronesian language spoken in the New Ireland province of Papua New Guinea. The data discussed in the paper are primarily derived from my own fieldwork in New Ireland. The Nalik landscape lexicon is mostly formed by monomorphemic nouns; partonomies are usually derived from the semantic domain of the human body, as in vaat a daanim ‘head of the river’, ie. ‘spring’. The conformation of the New Ireland landscape is reflected in the Nalik directional particles, which encode the position of the speaker and of the object with respect to the sea (‘north-west up the coast’, ‘south-east down the coast’, ‘inland/out on the sea’). In the Nalik territory, toponyms related to human settlements are particularly dense and are often semantically transparent; toponyms referring to landscape features as hills or rivers are less dense and less prominent as reference points. The paper shows that the primary categorisation forces that drive the categorisation of landscape in Nalik are the affordances (ie. the benefits) of the landscape features and the socio-cultural practices of the community. -
Appositive Possession in Ainu and Around the Pacific
Appositive possession in Ainu and around the Pacific Anna Bugaeva1,2, Johanna Nichols3,4,5, and Balthasar Bickel6 1 Tokyo University of Science, 2 National Institute for Japanese Language and Linguistics, Tokyo, 3 University of California, Berkeley, 4 University of Helsinki, 5 Higher School of Economics, Moscow, 6 University of Zü rich Abstract: Some languages around the Pacific have multiple possessive classes of alienable constructions using appositive nouns or classifiers. This pattern differs from the most common kind of alienable/inalienable distinction, which involves marking, usually affixal, on the possessum and has only one class of alienables. The language isolate Ainu has possessive marking that is reminiscent of the Circum-Pacific pattern. It is distinctive, however, in that the possessor is coded not as a dependent in an NP but as an argument in a finite clause, and the appositive word is a verb. This paper gives a first comprehensive, typologically grounded description of Ainu possession and reconstructs the pattern that must have been standard when Ainu was still the daily language of a large speech community; Ainu then had multiple alienable class constructions. We report a cross-linguistic survey expanding previous coverage of the appositive type and show how Ainu fits in. We split alienable/inalienable into two different phenomena: argument structure (with types based on possessibility: optionally possessible, obligatorily possessed, and non-possessible) and valence (alienable, inalienable classes). Valence-changing operations are derived alienability and derived inalienability. Our survey classifies the possessive systems of languages in these terms. Keywords: Pacific Rim, Circum-Pacific, Ainu, possessive, appositive, classifier Correspondence: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] 2 1. -
On the External Relations of Purepecha: an Investigation Into Classification, Contact and Patterns of Word Formation Kate Bellamy
On the external relations of Purepecha: An investigation into classification, contact and patterns of word formation Kate Bellamy To cite this version: Kate Bellamy. On the external relations of Purepecha: An investigation into classification, contact and patterns of word formation. Linguistics. Leiden University, 2018. English. tel-03280941 HAL Id: tel-03280941 https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-03280941 Submitted on 7 Jul 2021 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. Cover Page The handle http://hdl.handle.net/1887/61624 holds various files of this Leiden University dissertation. Author: Bellamy, K.R. Title: On the external relations of Purepecha : an investigation into classification, contact and patterns of word formation Issue Date: 2018-04-26 On the external relations of Purepecha An investigation into classification, contact and patterns of word formation Published by LOT Telephone: +31 30 253 6111 Trans 10 3512 JK Utrecht Email: [email protected] The Netherlands http://www.lotschool.nl Cover illustration: Kate Bellamy. ISBN: 978-94-6093-282-3 NUR 616 Copyright © 2018: Kate Bellamy. All rights reserved. On the external relations of Purepecha An investigation into classification, contact and patterns of word formation PROEFSCHRIFT te verkrijging van de graad van Doctor aan de Universiteit Leiden, op gezag van de Rector Magnificus prof. -
Computing a World Tree of Languages from Word Lists
From words to features to trees: Computing a world tree of languages from word lists Gerhard Jäger Tübingen University Heidelberg Institute for Theoretical Studies October 16, 2017 Gerhard Jäger (Tübingen) Words to trees HITS 1 / 45 Introduction Introduction Gerhard Jäger (Tübingen) Words to trees HITS 2 / 45 Introduction Language change and evolution The formation of dierent languages and of distinct species, and the proofs that both have been developed through a gradual process, are curiously parallel. [...] We nd in distinct languages striking homologies due to community of descent, and analogies due to a similar process of formation. The manner in which certain letters or sounds change when others change is very like correlated growth. [...] The frequent presence of rudiments, both in languages and in species, is still more remarkable. [...] Languages, like organic beings, can be classed in groups under groups; and they can be classed either naturally according to descent, or articially by other characters. Dominant languages and dialects spread widely, and lead to the gradual extinction of other tongues. (Darwin, The Descent of Man) Gerhard Jäger (Tübingen) Words to trees HITS 3 / 45 Introduction Language change and evolution Vater Unser im Himmel, geheiligt werde Dein Name Onze Vader in de Hemel, laat Uw Naam geheiligd worden Our Father in heaven, hallowed be your name Fader Vor, du som er i himlene! Helliget vorde dit navn Gerhard Jäger (Tübingen) Words to trees HITS 4 / 45 Introduction Language change and evolution Gerhard Jäger -
Nexus and Juncture Types of Complex Predicates in Oceanic Languages: Functions and Semantics*
LANGUAGE AND LINGUISTICS 8.1:267-310, 2007 2007-0-008-001-000205-1 Nexus and Juncture Types of Complex Predicates in * Oceanic Languages: Functions and Semantics Isabelle Bril LACITO-CNRS In previous research on Oceanic languages, “core serialization” has received ample attention while “nuclear serialization” has often been analyzed as resulting from co-lexicalization, compounding, or grammaticalized coverbs. This analysis will show that the nuclear template constitutes a genuine type of complex predicate. It will assess their syntactic type (co-ranking vs. modifying), their distinctive features, functions and semantics, as well as the classes of predicates involved, their argument structure and ordering principles. It will also outline the type of evolution and the structural compression to which they are submitted, as well as the factors favoring or restricting the use of complex predicates. Key words: complex predicates, serial verbs, grammaticalization, lexicalization In previous research on serial verbs in Oceanic languages (Bradshaw 1983, Foley & Olson 1985, Durie 1997, Crowley 2002), what has been termed “core serialization” has received ample attention, while “nuclear serialization” with its contiguous nuclei has often been analysed as resulting from co-lexicalization, compounding or grammaticalized coverbs. This paper will show that the nuclear template constitutes a genuine type of complex predicate, compatible with right- or left-branching (VO or OV) word orders and not reducible to lexical compounds. The core and nuclear templates being polyfunctional, the analysis will point out the various factors that come into play to interpret their semantics (§1.3.1, §4.2, §5). The analysis will develop as follows: Sections 1 through 3 will assess the various types of complex predicates (co- ranking or modifying), their distinctive features, functions and semantics, the classes of predicates involved, their argument structure and ordering principles. -
Notes on the Verbal Morphology of Loxodumau, an Oceanic Language of Papua New Guinea
Notes on the verbal morphology of Loxodumau, an Oceanic language of Papua New Guinea Lidia Federica Mazzitelli, Universität zu Köln In this paper I will present some aspects of the verbal morphology of Loxodumau (Meso-Melanesian, Western Oceanic), a still undescribed language spoken in New Ireland (Papua New Guinea) by approximatively 800 people. In the past, it has been defined as a ‘transitional language’ between Nalik (its southern neighbor) and Kara (its northern neighbor; Volker 1998:3). All data come from my own field notes (2017). As most Western Oceanic languages, Loxodumau has a rich system of pre-verbal particles denoting tense and aspect. The simple past tense is always unmarked, but a special form is dedicated to the near past (‘I have just X’). The present may occasionally be signaled by the particle nga; future reference is obligatorily marked by the particle daa. Loxodumau verbs distinguish an inceptive (valaa), habitual (vuna; morphological reduplication), completive (kaavus) and perfective (asang) aspect. Imperative, prohibitive, desiderative moods are distinguished; there are no native deontic modals, but the verbal particle pu is found, expressing epistemic possibility; directional serial verb constructions are widely used. As for valency-changing operations, in Loxodumau, two valency-increasing (va-, -in) and two valency-decreasing affixes (ra(la)-, - aai) are found. Va- (<POC *paki-; Ross 2004) is a causative prefix that attaches to intransitives (umaan ‘lie’– va-umaan ‘make lie down’); I only have one example of a transitive base: vatangin ‘show’ < tangin ‘find’. The suffix -in (maybe <POC *-i; Ross 2004) is an applicative that attaches to both intransitive and transitive bases: vaaigot ‘ready’ – vaaigotin ‘prepare’, vaabus ‘eat’ – vaabusin ‘eat something with something else’ (vaabusin licenses a comitative adjunct).