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PACIFIC LINGUISTICS Se�ie� A - No. 35 PAPERS IN LINGUISTICS OF MELANESIA No.3 by C. Beaumont D.T. Tryon S.A. Wurm Department of Linguistics Research School of Pacific Studies THE AUSTRALIAN NATIONAL UNIVERSITY Beaumont, C., Tryon, D. and Wurm, S.A. editors. Papers in Linguistics of Melanesia No. 3. A-35, viii + 120 pages. Pacific Linguistics, The Australian National University, 1972. DOI:10.15144/PL-A35.cover ©1972 Pacific Linguistics and/or the author(s). Online edition licensed 2015 CC BY-SA 4.0, with permission of PL. A sealang.net/CRCL initiative. , PACIfIC LINGUISTICS is published by the Lingui4tie Ci�ete 06 C4nbe��4 and consists of four series: SERIES A - OCCASIONAL PAPERS SERIES B - MONOGRAPHS SERIES C - BOOKS SERIES V - SPECIAL PUBLICATIONS. EDITOR: S.A. Wurm. ASSOCIATE EDITORS: D.C. Laycock, C.L. Voorhoeve. ALL CORRESPONDENCE concerning PACIfIC LINGUISTICS, including orders and subscriptions, should be addressed to: The Secretary, PACIfIC LINGUISTICS, Department of Linguistics, I School of Pacific Studies, The Australian National University, Canberra, A.C.T. 2600 . Australia. Copyright � The Authors. First published 1972. The editors are indebted to the Australian National University for help in the production of this series. This publication was made possible by an initial grant from the Hunter Douglas Fund. National Library of Australia Card number and ISBN 0 85 883 083 3 TABLE OF CONTENTS Page NEW IRELAND LANGUAGES A REVIEW, by C.H. Beaumont 1 1.0. INTROD UCTION 1 1.0.1. Purpo se 1 1.0.2. General 1 1.1. SURVEYS 2 1.1.1. Stephan and Grabner 2 1.1.2. Friederici 2 1.1.3. Meyer 2 1 . 1 . 4. Capell 3 1.1.5. Lithgow and Claassen 3 1.1.6. Compar ison of Surveys 4 1.2. CLASSIFICATION 7 1.2.1. Meyer 7 1.2.2. Capell 19 62 7 a 1.2.3.· Grace 7 1.2.4. Salzner 8 1. 2.5. Dyen 8 1. 2.6. Lithgow and Claassen 8 1. 2.7. Capell 19 69 9 1.2.8. Capell 19 7 1 9 1. 2.9. Other Studies 10 1 .2.10 . Asse ssment 11 1.2.10.1. Languages excluded 11 1.2.10 .2. Basis for Groupings 11 1 • 2.1 0 • 3 . Ku ot 11 1.2.10.4. Madak Family 12 iii iv Page 1.2.10.5. Patpatar - To 1a i Subgroup 12 1.2.10.6. St. Matthias Subgroup 12 1.2 .10.7. Northern New Ireland Subgroup 15 1.2.10.8. A Wider Grouping 15 1.3. BIBLIOGRAPHIES 19 1.3.1. Pio nivle dell SUd" ee 19 1. 3.2. Capell 19 1 .3.3. K1ieneberge r 19 1. 3.4. Taylor 19 1. 3.5. Laufer 20 1.3.6. Lithgow and Claassen 20 1. 3.7. Gene ral 20 1.4. PHONOLOGY 20 1 . 4.1. Tigak 20 1. 4.2. Other languages 20 1. 4. 3. Stops 21 1.4.4. Fric atives 21 1. 4.5. Nasals 21 1 .4.6. Late rals and Vibrants 21 1. 4.7. Semi-vowels 21 1.4.8. Vowels 22 1. 4. 9. Tone 22 1 • 5 • G RAMMAR 22 1.5.1. Emira - Mussau 22 1. 5. 2. Lavongai (Tungak) 22 1 .5.3. Tigak 23 1.5. 4. Ka ra 23 1.5. 5. Patpatar 23 1.5.6. Sursurunga 23 1. 5.7. Lihir 23 1.5.8. Tangga 24 1.5.9. Kandas 24 1.5.10. Duke of York 24 1 . 5. 11 . Tolai 24 1 . 5 . 11 . 1 . B1ey 25 1.5.11.2. Waterhouse 25 1.5.11.3. Lanyon-Orgill 25 1.5.11.4 Franklin and Ke rr 25 v Page 1.5. 12. General 26 1.6. LE XICAL MATE RIAL 26 1.6.1. Dictionaries 26 1.6 .1.1. Lavongai (Tungak) 26 1 .6. 1 . 2. Tigak 26 1.6. 1 .3. Patpatar 26 1 .6. 1 . 4 . Lihir 27 1 .6. 1 . 5. Tangga 27 1.6. 1 .6. Duke of York 27 1 .6. 1 • 7 • To lai 27 1 .6. 1 .7. 1. Meyer 27 1.6.1.7.2. Lanyon-Orgill 27 1.6. 1 .7.3. A Kuanua Vic�ona�y 28 1.6. 1 .7.4. Engli4h - Kuanua Vic�iona�y 28 1.6.2. Wo rdlists 29 1.6.2.1. Gene ral 29 1.6.2.2. Emira - Mussau 29 1.6. 2.3. Kandas 29 1.6.2.4. Patpatar 29 1.6.2 .5. Duke of York 30 1 • 6 • 2 • 6 • To lai 30 1.6.3 . Lists of Kinship Te rms 30 1.6. 4. Wo rdlists of Historical Interest 30 1.6.4.1. Le Maire and Schouten 30 1.6.4. 2. Gaima rd and d'Urville 30 1.6.4.3. Strauch 31 1.6.4.4. Brown 31 1.6.4.5. Du ffie ld 31 1 .6. 4.6. Ray 31 1.6.4.7. Park in son 31 1.6.4.8. Othe r lists 31 1.7. TE XTS 31 1.7. 1. Lavongai (Tungak) 31 1.7. 2. Tigak 32 1.7.3. Kara 32 1.7.4. Patpatar 32 1.7.5. Lihir and Tangga 32 1.7 .6. To lai and Duke of Yo rk 32 vi Page 1.8. MIGRATION 32 1. 8. 1. Butam 32 1.8.2. Tolai Migration 32 1.8.3. Melanesian Migration 33 1.9. SUMMARY 33 B..i.blioglLa.phy 34 A. Published 34 B. Manuscripts 40 T a.bleh : 1 - Comparison of Surveys 6 2 - Languages and po pulations 13 3 - Cognate Pe rcentages 18 Ma.ph : 1 - Language Subgroups , New Ireland 14 2 - Languages , Northern New Ireland 16 3 - Languages, Southe rn New Ireland 17 THE LANGUAGES OF THE NEW HEBR IDES: A CHECKLIST AND GENERAL SURVEY , by D.T. Tryon 43 0.0 . ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 43 1.0. INTRODUCTION 44 2.0. LISTING OF NEW HEBRIDES LANGUAGES 45 3.0. TENTATIVE CLASSIF ICATION OF NEW HEBRIDES LANGUAGES 67 3.1. NEW HEBRIDES LANGUAGES AND AUSTRONESIAN 70 4.0. CHECKLIST OF NEW HEBRIDES LANGUAGES 71 B..i.blioglLa.phy 84 • Ma.ph : I, II, III, IV , V, VI following page 84. vii Page NOTES ON THE INDICATION OF POSSESSION WITH NOUNS IN REEF AND SANTA CRUZ LANGUAGES , by S. A. Wu rm 85 1.0 . INTRODUCTORY REMARKS 85 1.1. THE REEF AND SANTA CRUZ ISLANDS FAMILY 85 1.2. REMARKS ON THE PHONOLOGIES 89 2.0. INDICATION OF POSSESSION 91 2.1. GENERAL REMARKS 91 2.2. PERSONAL PRONOUNS 93 2.3. POSSESSIVE SUFFIXES 93 2.3.1. Basic Forms 93 2.3.2 . Two Sets of po ssessive Suffixes in Malo, Nemboi and Noo1i 95 2.4. POSSESSION MARKERS AND POSSESSIVE CLASSES 96 2.4.1 . Reefs 96 2. 4.2. Malo 98 2.4.3. Ne mboi 103 2.4.4. Nooli 105 2.4.5 . Nanggu 107 2.4.6. Summary of Posse ssion Markers and Clauses 110 B.iblioglLaphy 113 Map6 : 1 - Languages, Reef and Santa Cruz Islands 86 2 - Languages, Reef Islands 87 3 - Languages, Santa Cruz Island 88 Beaumont, C., Tryon, D. and Wurm, S.A. editors. Papers in Linguistics of Melanesia No. 3. A-35, viii + 120 pages. Pacific Linguistics, The Australian National University, 1972. DOI:10.15144/PL-A35.cover ©1972 Pacific Linguistics and/or the author(s). Online edition licensed 2015 CC BY-SA 4.0, with permission of PL. A sealang.net/CRCL initiative. NEW IRELAND LANGUAGES : A REVIEW C.H. BEAUMONT 1.0 . Introduction 1.1. Surveys 1. 2. Classification 1. 3. Bibliographies 1. 4. Phonology 1. 5. Grammar 1. 6. Lexical Material 1. 7. Texts 1. 8. Migration 1. 9. Summary 1.0. INTRODUCTION 1 .0. 1 . PURPOSE In his address to the Australian UNESCO Meeting on Oceanic Studies Professor Ralph Bulmer suggested the need for papers which assess in l detail the research in particular regions or topics The intention of this paper is to do this for work that has been done on languages in the New Ireland District of Papua New Guinea. As District boundaries do not necessarily coincide with linguistic real�ties I have widened the scope of this review to include two New Britain languages. Two other languages now outside the di strict receive some mention here as they were included in some of the studies mentioned below . 1 Bu1mer 1971:22. 1 Beaumont, C.H. "New Ireland Languages: A Review". In Beaumont, C., Tryon, D. and Wurm, S.A. editors, Papers in Linguistics of Melanesia No. 3. A-35:1-42. Pacific Linguistics, The Australian National University, 1972. DOI:10.15144/PL-A35.1 ©1972 Pacific Linguistics and/or the author(s). Online edition licensed 2015 CC BY-SA 4.0, with permission of PL. A sealang.net/CRCL initiative. 2 1.0.2. GENERAL The New Ireland District is located in the North West of Papua New Guinea of which it is one of the eighteen administrative districts, between 10 and 50 S. Lat . and 1490 and 1540 E. Long . It consists of a main island which is 200 miles long, the island of New Hanover which is about 25 miles long and a number of smaller islands . The islands of Nuguria and Nissan which prior to 21st June 1966 were part of the New Ireland District have since then formed part of the Bougainville District� According to the survey made by David Lithgow and Oren Claassen of the 2 Summer Institute of Linguistics in 1966 there are 20 language native to the district.
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  • Re-Membering Quirós, Bougainville and Cook in Vanuatu

    Re-Membering Quirós, Bougainville and Cook in Vanuatu

    Chapter 3 The Sediment of Voyages: Re-membering Quirós, Bougainville and Cook in Vanuatu Margaret Jolly Introduction: An Archipelago of Names This chapter juxtaposes the voyages of Quirós in 1606 and those eighteenth-century explorations of Bougainville and Cook in the archipelago we now call Vanuatu.1 In an early and influential work Johannes Fabian (1983) suggested that, during the period which separates these voyages, European constructions of the ªotherº underwent a profound transformation. How far do the materials of these voyages support such a view? Here I consider the traces of these journeys through the lens of this vaunted transformation and in relation to local sedimentations (and vaporisations) of memory. Vanuatu is the name of this archipelago of islands declared at independence in 1980 ± vanua ªlandº and tu ªto stand up, endure; be independentº (see figure 3.1). Both words are drawn from one of the 110 vernacular languages still spoken in the group. But, alongside this indigenous name, there are many foreign place names, the perduring traces of the movement of early European voyagers: Espiritu Santo ± the contraction of Terra Austrialia del Espiritu Santo, the name given by Quirós in 1606;2 Pentecost ± the Anglicisation of Île de Pentecôte, conferred by Bougainville, who sighted this island on Whitsunday, 22 May 1768; Malakula, Erromango and Tanna ± the contemporary spellings of the Mallicollo, Erromanga and Tanna conferred by Cook who named the archipelago the New Hebrides in 1774, a name which, for foreigners at least, lasted from that date till 1980.3 Fortunately, some of these foreign names proved more ephemeral: the island we now know as Ambae, Bougainville called Île des Lepreux (Isle of Lepers), apparently because he mistook the pandemic skin conditions of tinea imbricata or leucodermia for signs of leprosy.