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Richardson Trd77-30C.Pdf AQOJATIC DISPOSAL FlEtDFIEtD INVESTlGATlDNSINVESTIGATIDNS COLUMBIA RlVER DISPOSAL SiTE, OREGON ’ APPENDIX A: Investigation of the Hydraulic Regima and Physical Nature of Bottom Sadimentation -APPENDIX 8: Water Column, Primary Producti&, and Sediment Studies APPENDIX C: The Effects of Dredged Matarial Disposal on Be&qBenthis Assemblages APPENDlX D: Zooplankton and lchthyoplankton Studies APPENDIX E: Damarsal Fish and Decapad Shellfish Studies I . Destroy this report when nd longar needed. Da not .return it to the originatr. DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY WATERWAYS EXPERIMENT STATION. CORPS OF ENGINEERS P. 0. BOX 631 VICKSBURG. MISSISSIPPI 39180 IN REPL” REFER TO: WECJV 31 January 1978 SUBJECT: Transmittal of Technical Report D-77-30 (Appendix C) TO: All Report Recipients 1. The technical report transmitted herewith represents the results of one of several research efforts (Work Units) undertaken as part of Task lA, Aquatic Disposal Field Investigations (ADFI), of the Corps of Engineers' Dredged Material Research Program (DMRP). Task 1A is a part of the Environmental Impacts and Criteria Development Project (EICDP), which has a general objective of determining the magnitude and extent of effects of disposal sites on organisms and the quality of surrounding water, and the rate, diversity, and extent such sites are recolonized by benthic flora and fauna. The study reported on herein was an integral part of a series of research contracts jointly developed to achieve the EICDP general objective at the Mouth of the Columbia River Disposal Site, one of five sites located in several geographical regions of the United States. Consequently, this report presents results and interpretations of but one of several closely interrelated efforts and should be used only in conjunction with and consideration of the other related reports for this site. 2. This report, Appendix C: The Effects of Dredged Material Disposal on Benthic Assemblages, is one of five contractor-prepared appendices published relative to the Waterways Experiment Station Technical Re- port D-77-30 entitled: Aquatic Disposal Field Investigations, Columbia River Disposal Site, Oregon. The titles of all appendices of this series are listed on the inside front cover of this report. The main report will provide additional results, interpretations, and conclusions not found in the individual appendices and provide a comprehensive summary and synthesis overview of the entire project. 3. The initial purpose of this study, conducted as Work Unit lA07C, was to collect baseline information on the benthic community structure of the nearshore zone in the vicinity of the mouth of the Columbia River and to examine the spatial and temporal changes in this community with particular emphasis on historical disposal areas. The final phase of this study was directed toward definition of the effects of dredged WESYV 31 January 1978 SUBJECT: Transmittal of Technical Report D-77-30 (Appendix C) material disposal on the benthic communities. The rate and pattern of recolonization, as well as the factors affecting recolonization, were also determined. 4. A conclusion of this report, based on the data presented, was that areas exposed to direct disposal of dredged material had higher diversity and evenness values and lower density of macrobenthos than unaffected areas. It can also be concluded from this study that there was a significant reduction in the abundance of 11 of the 33 most abun- dant species at the areas exposed to direct disposal. Recolonization of benthos into the affected area was probably accomplished by organisms burrowing up through the dredged material, by migration into the area, and, to a lesser extent, by reproduction and recruitment from other areas. 5. The results of this study are particularly important in determining the timing and placement of dredged material for open-water disposal. Referenced studies, as well as others summarized in this report, will aid in determining the optimum disposal conditions and site selection for either the dispersion of the material from the dump site or for its retention within the confines of the site, whichever is preferred for maximum environmental protection. JOHN L. CANNON fYColonel, Corps of Engineers Commander and Director 2 . 1flPd iEtURlTY CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PAGE (If%en Data Entered) READ INSTRUCTIONS REPORTDOCUMENTATIONPAGE BEFORE COMPLETING FORM 1. REPORT NUMBER 2. GOVT ACCESSION NO 3. RECIPIENT*S CATALOG NUMBER Technical Report D-77-30 4. TITLE (wd Subtftfe) 5. TYPE OF REPORT 6 PERIOD COVERED AQUATIC DISPOSAL FIELD INVESTIGATIONS, COLUMBIA RIVER DISPOSAL SITE, OREGON; APPENDIX C: THE Final report EFFECTS OF DREDGED MATERIAL DISPOSAL ON BENTHIC 6. PERFORMING ORG. REPORT NUMBER ASSEMBLAGES 7. AUTHOR(~) 6. CONTRACT OR GRANT NUMBER(s) Michael D. Richardson, Andrew G. Carey, Jr., DACW57-75-C-0137 and William A. Colgate DACW57-76-C-0092 9. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME AND ADDRESS 10. PROGRAM ELEMENT, PROJECT, TASK AREA % WORK UNIT NUMBERS School of Oceanography Oregon State University DMRP Work Unit No. lA07C Corvallis, Oregon 97331 t 1. CONTROLLING OFFICE NAME AND ADDRESS 12. REPORT DATE December 1977 Office, Chief of Engineers, U. S. Army 13. NUMBER OF PAGES Washington, D. C. 20314 411 14. MONITORING AGENCY NAME h ADDRESSpi dllierent from Contralllng Office) 15. SECURITY CLASS. (of this report) U. S. Army Engineer Waterways Experiment Station Unclassified Environmental Effects Laboratory 15.3. DECLASSIFICATION/DOWNGRADING P. 0. Box 631, Vicksburg, Miss. 39180 SCHEDULE 16. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT (of thfs Report) Approved for public release; distribution unlimited. 17. DISTRIBUTION STATEMENT (of the abstract entered In Block 20, If dfffersnt from Report) 16. SUPPLEMENTARY NOTE5 Tables C-IA, C-IB, C-IIB, and C-IIC were reproduced on microfiche and are enclosed in an envelope attached to the inside of the back cover of this report. 19. KEY WORDS (Continue on ~evmae #id. if nsceesuy and Identffy by block number) Benthos Dredged material disposal Columbia River disposal site Field investigations Disposal areas Sediment 2Q ABSTRACT ~~~ ---f.. .Cdc fit - mad fdentffy by block numb-r) The objectives of this study were to identify and determine the significance of physical, chemical, and biological factors that govern the rate at which open-water dredged material disposal sites are colonized by benthic assemblages. In the macrobenthic area1 baseline, 5 assemblages and 13 species (Continued) EDlTlOIl OF 1 WOV 65 IS OBSOLETE Unclassified SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PAGE (When Data Entered) Unclassified 20. ABSTRACT (Continued). groups were found. The distribution, community structure, and seasonal constancy of these assemblages were related to the distribution of sediments and organic matter, the stability of sediments, and changes in sediment characteristics due to the deposition of fine-grained material from the Columbia River. The deposition of dredged material significantly increased diversity and evenness values and reduced the density of macrofauna. Of the 33 most abundant species, 11 species had significantly lower abundances at stations exposed to direct dredged material deposition. The effects of dredged material disposal on benthos were probably related to direct burial of benthos and changes in sediment characteristics and not increased turbidity from the disposal operation or introduction of pollutants or organic matter. Repopulation of benthos into the affected area was probably accomplished primarily by benthos burrowing up through the dredged material or benthos migrating into the area and, to a lesser extent, reproduction and recruitment of benthos from outside the area. There was very little evidence for transportation of benthos to the experimental disposal site via dre&ged material. Unclassified SECURITY CLASSIFICATION OF THIS PAGE(W’hen Date Entered) DISCLAIMER THE CONTENTS OF THIS REPORT ARE NOT TO BE USED FOR ADVERTISING, PUBLICATION, OR PROMOTIONAL PURPOSES. CITATION OF TRADE NAMES DOES NOT CONSTITUTE AN OFFICIAL ENDORSEMENT OR APPROVAL OF THE USE OF SUCH COMMERCIAL PRODUCTS. SUMMARY The objectives of the Mouth of the Columbia River (MCR) study were to identify and determine the significance of physical, chemical, and bio- logical factors that govern the rate at which open-water dredged material disposal sites are colonized by benthic communities. The study of benthic assemblages at the MCR site was divided into two phases. Phase I (Contract DACW57-75-C-0137) included collection of baseline information on benthic assemblages, gear evaluation, and planning for the controlled disposal experiment. Phase II (Contract DACW57-76- C-0092) included the controlled disposal experiment and continued collec- tion of seasonal baseline information. A total of 2,190 samples were obtained from the MCR study site, in- cluding 73 metered beam trawls for megafauna, 1,657 O-l-m2 Smith-McIntyre grabs for macrofauna, 76 samples for meiofauna, five box cores for macro- fauna, 369 samples for sediment, and 10 miscellaneous samples. This report includes the results from 1,359 O-l-m2 Smith-McIntyre grabs for macrofauna (>l.OO mm) and 67 metered beam trawls for megafauna. A total of 339,753 individuals (425 species) were sorted and identified from the Smith-McIntyre grab samples, and 258,501 individuals (141 species) were sorted and identified from the beam trawl samples. The location of stations for the area1 baseline was determined from a pilot survey (l-2 October 1974) and from data on the distribution of sediments provided by the University
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